Ecological Research Series
NEW YORK BIGHT SUSPENDED MATTER
AND OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA: 1973 - 1974
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series. This series
describes research on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and animal spe-
cies, and materials. Problems are assessed for their long- and short-term influ-
ences. Investigations include formation, transport, and pathway studies to deter-
mine the fate of pollutants and their effects. This work provides the technical basis
for setting standards to minimize undesirable changes in living organisms in the
aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/3-78-022
February 1978
NEW YORK BIGHT SUSPENDED MATTER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA: 1973-1974
Total Suspended Matter: Traverse Stations
June, 1974, and Prior Cruises
Total Suspended Matter and Physical Oceanographic Data
June-July, 1974 Cruise
Total Suspended Matter, December, 1974 Cruise
by
G. R. Ditsworth, A. M. Teeter, and R. J. Callaway
Marine and Freshwater Ecology Branch
Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis,, Oregon 97330
CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CORVALLIS, OREGON 97330
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Corvallis Environmental Research Labora-
tory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
Effective regulatory and enforcement actions by the Environmental Protection
Agency would be virtually impossible without sound scientific data on pollu-
tants and their impact on environmental stability and human health. Responsi-
bility for building this data base has been assigned to EPA's Office of
Research and Development and its 15 major field installations, one of which
is the Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory (CERL).
The primary mission of the Corvallis Laboratory is research on the effects of
environmental pollutants on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems;
the behavior, effects and control of pollutants in lake systems; and the
development of predictive models on the movement of pollutants in the bio-
sphere.
This report describes work performed in New York Bight as one aspect of an
EPA study relating to the discharge of wastes from the New York-New Jersey
metropolitan area. It is one of a series of data reports relating specifi-
cally to sewage sludge discharged from vessels into New York Bight.
A. F. Bartsch
Director, CERL
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ABSTRACT
The concentration and size of participate matter suspended in the water
column were determined as part of an overall study of sewage sludge dispersion
in New York Bight. Sampling points were established along a traverse which
extended from New York Harbor, through the dump zone, to buoy NB. Data
obtained from surveys in 1973 and 1974 are given in this report along with
other oceanographic data obtained during a June 27-July 1, 1974 cruise.
IV
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CONTENTS
Foreword i i i
Abstract iv
Tables vi
Acknowledgments vii
1. Introduction 1
2. Total Suspended Matter (TSM) at Traverse Stations:
June, 1974 and Prior Cruises .. 3
3. June-July, 1974 Cruise 4
Objectives and Station Locations 4
Sampl i ng Procedures 5
Laboratory Analyses, Total Suspended Matter 5
General 5
Size Analysis 5
Concentration of Total Suspended Matter.. 6
Caveats Regardi ng TSM Data 6
Laboratory Analyses, Salinity 7
4. December, 1974 Cruise 8
Objectives, Station Locations, and Field Observations. 8
Collection and Analysis of Total Suspended Matter..... 9
References 13
Appendices
A. Total Suspended Matter at Traverse Stations:
June, 1974 and Prior Cruises... 14
B. June-July, 1974 Cruise 19
C. December, 1974 Cruise 59
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TABLES
Number Page
1 New York Bight—Stations in Wake of Disposal Vessel
Newtown Creek. June 27, 1974 10
2 New York Bight—Traverse Stations: Buoy NB-New York
Harbor, June 30, 1974 10
3 New York Bight—Stations in Wake of Disposal Vessel
Owls Head, July 1, 1974 11
4 New York Bight—Stations in Wake of Disposal Vessel
Newtown Creek, December 18, 1974 11
5 New York Bight—Stations in Wake of Disposal Vessel
Newtown Creek, December 19, 1974 12
6 New York Bight—Stations in Wake of Disposal Vessel
Newtown Creek, December 20, 1974 12
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Mr. E. 0. Wagner and Capt. E. D. Hansen of the
New York City Department of Water Resources for arranging sludge vessel
sampling and vessel operations in the field.
Personnel from the Surveillance and Analysis Group under Mr. Richard
Dewling in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Edison, New Jersey, Labora-
tory were helpful in many aspects of this work.
Dr. Jack Pearce of the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory supplied us with
storage, dock space and other amenities without which a difficult operation
would have been more so.
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This is the first volume of a projected series of data reports on a
study of municipal sewage discharged from sludge disposal vessels in the New
York Bight area (Figure 1). Included in this volume are data on total sus-
pended matter (TSM)* collected between August, 1973 and December, 1974 and
physical oceanographic data collected during the June-July 1974 cruise.
Volume II treats the physical oceanographic methodology in detail and con-
tains physical data for the December 1974 cruise. Volume III gives data on
sewage sludges collected from several sewage treatment plants in the New
York City metropolitan area. Preliminary analysis of these data has been
presented by Callaway et al. (1976).
Sludge, defined as the residue resulting from primary and/or secondary
waste treatment operations, and other waste materials have been dumped in
the Bight area for many years; the effect of these materials on the endemic
fauna and flora has been the subject of much study (e.g., Pearce, 1972) and
even more controversy. It is estimated that 4.26 x 10^ yd3 (3.26 x 106 m3)
of sewage sludge, containing 4.5 percent solids by weight, are disposed of
annually in the dump grounds (Pararas-Carayannis, 1973). The existing
dumping ground is alleged to be overloaded and too close to the longshore
residential and recreational areas of New Jersey and Long Island. New
dumping grounds further offshore have been identified.
After discharge from a sludge vessel, the wastes will be transported
and diffused throughout the water column. Most particles will settle to the
bottom at rates depending on their settling velocities, flocculation rates,
and initial momentum. The accumulation of sludge particles on the bottom
will depend on the velocity profile near the bottom and horizontal and
vertical diffusion and velocity profiles. The complexity of this process is
obvious. To predict the fate of materials requires a mathematical model
which will simulate as much of the detail of the physics as possible.
Sludge is discharged by gravity through several ports in the hulls of
the disposal vessels. Initially, the sludge is discharged at about 4.5 m
below the surface; when emptied each vessel will have risen about 2 m.
Normally, the vessels discharge while underway, optimizing the dilution and
dispersion of sludge. Discharges of this type were studied during the June-
July 1974 cruise. For the December 1974 cruise, variances were obtained
from regulatory agencies which permitted the vessels to stop and discharge
at a single point.
is referred to in this report as that particulate matter retained on
membrane filters which have nominal pore diameters of 0.45 urn.
1
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-4o°4O' I • •:-.!:!:•:. I
^BROOKLYN ^:
(FROM C6S CHART I
1108
BUOY "5"
-4O°3O'
SANDY
HOOK
BUOY "A"
.-.70
• • • .7 o
•4O°lp'.;/ ^.
'. :-^i T
~ (AMBROSE
I -D— LIGHT
I
|STA"S"
—D—
o
to
o
to
I
STA
|TR2
o
ro
i i i
FIRE ISLAND
STA
ITRI
-D—
BUOY
! NB
NAUTICAL MILES
0 5 10
0 10 20
KILOMETERS (APPROXIMATE)
o
CM
r-
I
Figure 1. Sampling Locations in New York Bight
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SECTION 2
TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER (TSM) AT TRAVERSE STATIONS
JUNE 1974 AND PRIOR CRUISES
The concentration and size distribution of TSM at various depths in the
water column have been determined at several stations between New York
Harbor, the present dump zone, and Buoy NB. Complete traverses were made
through the area in February and March 1974, and again in June 1974. During
other cruises, measurements were made at selected stations. Station loca-
tions and TSM concentration data are given in Appendix A. TSM data for the
June 1974 cruise are also tabulated in Appendix B of this report, along with
particle size and salinity data. Sampling and analytical procedures are
discussed in the June-July 1974 cruise section of this report. Comparisons
of these profiles with a model given by Schuble and Okubo (1974) are reported
in Callaway et al. (1976).
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SECTION 3
JUNE-JULY 1974 CRUISE
Objectives and Station Locations
The objective of this cruise was to develop observational techniques
and to observe the wake discharge case. The Atlantic Twin, a twin-hull
vessel of 28 meters overall length, was chartered for use from June 27 to
July 2. Cruise participants were R. J. Callaway, field party chief, G. R.
Ditsworth, A. M. Teeter, and A. G. Yartzoff, all of the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Samples and observations were taken in the wakes of vessels discharging
sludge on June 27 and July 1. On June 30, stations were occupied on a
traverse between Buoy "NB" and New York Harbor. Stations occupied, the time,
latitude, longitude, and parameters attended at each station are given in
Tables 1, 2, and 3. Each station identification is coded by the month, day,
year, and sequence in which occupied (e.g., 070174-3 is identified as the
third station occupied July 1, 1974).
On June 27, the New York City sludge vessel Newtown Creek was intercept-
ed; radio contact was established and starting and finishing discharge times
recorded. The Atlantic Twin was then positioned in the sludge wake (which
was visible) and sampling began. A parachute drogue, set to about 3 m, was
deployed to assist in tracking the waste field. Water samples for TSM
analyses were collected, and light transmission was determined in the verti-
cal. The field was sampled until it could no longer be detected by the
transmissometer (percent light >85). It is possible that we lost track of
the sewage field since the surface slick rapidly disappeared.
On July 1, the New York City sludge vessel Owls Head was intercepted in
the dumping ground, and it discharged while underway. Drogues were deployed
in the visible wake and sampling begun. TSM samples were taken. Transmit-
tance profiles were made with an extinction transmissometer with a one^-meter
path length. Temperature-salinity profiles and current profiles were made
to characterize ambient conditions and to compute the vertical diffusion
coefficients which they infer. Sampling continued for about two hours after
the discharge.
Navigation was performed with a Model 101 Decca radar set and Loran A.
Fixes are good to about 450 m. The absolute position is not too important,
as a Lagrangian experiment was indicated and we attempted to stay in the
sewage field. Possible data interpretation errors relate to our inability
to determine what part of the narrow sewage field we were in, i.e., a fictit-
ious concentration decay with time might be due to sampling the borders of
the field.
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Sampling Procedures
Samples were collected at various depths throughout the water column
for analysis of the TSM and to determine the salinity structure.
All samples, except those from the surface, were collected with 10-L
Nisken samplers. Surface samples were dipped with a plastic bucket from
near the stern of the vessel. Upon retrieval, a sample for salinity analysis
was drawn into a 350-ml citrate bottle, after rinsing with the sample water.
Immediately, the balance of the water sample, for TSM analyses, was emptied
through the bottom closing valve into a sample-rinsed plastic bucket. In
turn, a pre-rinsed, one-gallon Cubitainer was filled. Seventy-five to
80 ml of Lugol's solution were then added. Samples were packaged and shipped
to the EPA Laboratory at Corvallis, Oregon, for analyses.
Lugol's solution is a preservative and staining agent which causes less
cell lysis than other preservatives (Carder and Schlemmer, 1973). It was
prepared by dissolving 20 g of iodine and 40 g of potassium iodide in 300 ml
of distilled water and then diluting to 2 L. The solution was filtered
through a Millipore 0.22 ym filter and stored in a covered, brown glass
bottle until used.
Laboratory Analyses, Total Suspended Matter
General--
Upon receipt at the laboratory, each sample was well shaken to resuspend
the particulate matter and a subsample of about 200 ml, for size analysis,
was pipetted into a prerinsed 250 nti glass bottle. The remainder of each
sample was stored in the Cubitainer for subsequent gravimetric analysis.
All samples were stored at room temperature during the analytical period,
approximately two months overall, from the time of collection.
Size Analysis--
D
Size distributions of TSM were measured with a model T Coulter Counter .
This instrument electronically counts and sizes particles, suspended in an
electrolyte, as they pass through a small orifice between two electrodes.
It operates on the same principle as the Model B, for which Sheldon and
Parsons (1967) have discussed marine research applications.
Samples were vigorously shaken by hand and then sonified for about one
minute to disaggregate any floccules that may have formed during storage.
Samples were normally introduced immediately into the instrument without
further pretreatment, the seawater serving as the required electrolyte.
Samples collected directly behind the disposal vessels were diluted with
filtered electrolyte to obtain proper particle concentrations. Aperatures
having diameters of 200 ym and 50 ym were used for analyses. Results of
these analyses were combined to give a size distribution from about 1.5 ym
to 80 ym, equivalent spherical diameter.
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Concentration of Total Suspended Matter--
The concentration of TSM was determined gravimetrically, on a dry weight
basis, by filtering measured volumes of samples through membrane filters
having nominal' pore diameters of 0.45 ym. A modification of the Banse
et a!,, (1963) technique was used. Filters (Millapore Type HA) were precon-
ditioned by passing "00 ml of filtered distilled water through them, drying
them at 90°c'for ct least one hour and weighing. Two blank control filters
were treated with each batch of 10 filters to assess any inherent weight
changes. Each sample was vigorously shaken and split into two approximately
equal aliquots which were measured to ± 5 ml in 1000 ml graduates. Aliquots
of 1.5 to 1.8 liters were normally used; however, to optimize filtration
time, lesser volumes of those samples with high concentrations were used.
Filters were washed with 10 to 15 ml of distilled water to remove salts,
dried for at least one hour at 90°C and weighed. The net weights of the two
filters were averaged to determine the concentration of particulate matter
in mg/1. Results are given in Appendix B, Part II.
Caveats Regarding TSM Data--
Because of limited resources, it was not possible to accomplish analyses
within a few hours of collection. Therefore, they were preserved, stored,
and analyzed as laboratory schedules permitted,
Subsequent to the cruises reported herein comparative gravimetric
analyses were done on 48 duplicate samples collected at the study site. One
set of samples* left unpreserved, was filtered, immediately, on board the
research vessel. Duplicates were preserved and shipped to Corvallis, Oregon,
for analysis. The concentration of TSM in the preserved samples averaged
1.8 percent greater than, and ranged from 66 to 127 percent of, the concen-
tration in unpreserved samples.
A more complex problem, as yet unresolved, is the representativeness of
the size of particulate matter, measured with the Coulter Counter , to the
size of suspended matter, particularly the sludge,Rin the prototype. Project
logistics precluded the use of the Coulter Counter in the field; therefore,
all size analyses were made on preserved samples which were shipped to Cor-
vallis. Furthermore, particles sized by the Coulter Counter appear to be
relatively discrete, fine-grained material whereas sludge discharged into
sea water may form into, and settle as, floccules.
During field experiments no in srtu_, underwater techniques were available
to visually monitor the settling characteristics of sludge discharged from
disposal vessels. Visual observations of laboratory settling tests suggest
that a significant fraction of the sludge settles as floccules which may be
a few millimeters in diameter. Because of their fragile nature, attempts to
sample the floccules caused them to break into finer particles. It is assumed
that similar circumstances occurred in the field, resulting in samples with
much fine-grained material which was then sized and found to have mean sizes
on the order of a few micrometers. The size of particles measured may not,
in fact, represent the size of particles or floccules that are actually
settlinc. Thase oata should therefore be used with discretion in studies of
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the settling and dispersion of sludge that is discharged from the disposal
vessels.
Laboratory Analyses, Salinity
Salinity analyses were done at the Corvallis, Oregon, Environmental
Protection Agency laboratories with a Hytech model 8220 laboratory salino-
meter. Values are tabulated in Appendix B, Part II.
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SECTION 4
DECEMBER 1974 CRUISE
Objectives, Station Locations, and Field Observations
The second survey to sample sludge wastes was conducted from December 18
to December 21. The Atlantic Twin was again chartered. Participants were
R. J. Callaway, field party chief, G. R. Ditsworth, A. M. Teeter, and D. W.
Brown. Arrangements were made with the New York City Environmental Protec-
tion Administration to have their sludge vessels enter the dumping ground
as usual, but to unload the wastes at a stop, rather than while underway.
Sludge samples were obtained from the vessel prior to departure. Sampling
locations and parameters attended are given in Tables 4, 5, and 6.
Before the sludge vessel arrived in the dumping ground, background
samples were obtained in the vertical for temperature, salinity, TSM and
light transmission. TSM samples were collected with 10-L Niskin water
samplers; salinity,, temperature, and light transmission data were obtained
with an Interocean Model 513 salinity, temperature, and depth instrument
(STD). On December 18, the vessel Newtown Creek was in radio contact with
us and established the start and stop times of discharge, which took six
minutes. The discharge was not at a complete halt because of tides and
winds to 25 knots; the initial patch size was about 50-75 m in diameter.
After the Newtown Creek moved out, the Atlantic Twin backed in and
remained stern to the discharge patch for the duration of the sampling. The
patch was easily discerned by its color and surface slick.
Once in the patch, the STD was lowered; this set the TSM sampling
interval which was used almost exclusively; 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m. The STD
visual records for the first few rounds were extremely erratic, but the
trend could be detected. The trouble was due to slip ring problems in the
electric winch. The transducer was then raised and lowered by hand and the
problem disappeared.
During the first day of sampling, the wind action was strong enough to
completely mix the water column; temperature and salinity showed very little
gradient. Light transmission also showed little gradient, being about 90
percent (before dumping). After dumping, the most significant change was,
of course, in percent of light transmission. Rather good records were made
of this event in conjunction with the density profile (via T, S,). On the
second day of sampling the winds lessened and a double mixed layer developed
which strengthened late in the day. A moored current meter was deployed for
the remainder of the cruise, measuring currents at 2.5 meters depth. A
similar sampling scheme was followed again on the second and third day of
the December cruise. Temperature, salinity, and light transmission data are
given in Teeter et al. (1975).
8
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Collection and Analyses of TSM Samples
Sample collection and size analysis procedures are given in the June-
July, 1974 Cruise Section of this report. Gravimetric analyses were modified
to utilize membrane filters made from polyvinyl chloride (Mi Hi pore Type
BD) which were found to have smaller and more uniform inherent weight losses
than cellulose-base filters (Millipore Type HA). Filtration tests were
done with prefiltered water which passed the filters rapidly. Unfortunately
it was later discovered that the PVC filters were severely leached as a
function of their exposure time to sea water. Filtering times for the TSM
samples ranged from several minutes to a few hours. These times were not
recorded, therefore, it was not possible to reliably estimate the weight
loss for each filter. Because of this unknown factor the entire set of
gravimetric data are considered unreliable and are not reported.
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Table 1. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATIONS IN WAKE OF DISPOSAL
VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK, JUNE 27, 1974
Station*
062774-1
062774-2
062774-3
062774-4
062774-5
Time**
Begin End
1000 1040
1045 1055
1104 1133
1215 1237
1313 1330
Latitude
40°27.4'N
40°25.3'N
40°26.4'N
40°26.4'N
40°27.4'N
Longitude Parameter***
73°44.8'W CM,TS,TSM,S
73°45.5'W TSM, S
73°44.8'W CM, TSM
73°46.2'W CM, TSM
73°47.TW CM, TSM
* Station
in Part
** Eastern
identification
II of Appendix
Daylight Time
explained
B CM
TS
TSM
S
*** Parameter Codes
Current meter observation
In Situ temperature-
salinity profile
Total suspended matter
sample
Salinity sample
Table 2. NEW YORK BIGHT: TRAVERSE STATIONS BUOY NB-
NEW YORK HARBOR, JUNE 30, 1974
Station*
063074-1
063074-2
063074-3
060374-4
063074-5
063074-6
063074-7
Time**
Begi
1136
1420
1620
1845
2020
2125
2230
n End
1210
1510
1710
1915
2045
2135
2240
Latitude
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
°25.
°25.
°24.
°23.
°26.
°28.
°30.
7'N
2'N
5'N
8'N
9'N
8'N
5'N
Longitude Parameter***
73°11.5'W TSM,S,K
73°22.0'W TS,TSM,S,K
73°32.9'W TSM,S,K
73°44.4'W TS,TSM,S
73°48.8'W TSM,S
73°53.7'W TS,TSM,S
73°58.6'W TSM,S .
* Station
in Part
** Eastern
identification
II of
Day! i
Appendix
ght Time
expl
B
ained
*** Parameter Codes
TS In Situ temperature-
salinity profile
TSM Total suspended matter
sample
S Salinity sample
l< Transmissometer profile
10
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Table 3. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATIONS IN WAKE OF DISPOSAL
VESSEL OWLS HEAD, JULY 1, 1974
Station*
Time
**
Latitude
End
Longitude Parameter***
070174-1 1015 1110
070174-2 1120 1200
070174-3 1220 1300
070174-4 1400 1420
070174-5 1523 1530
40°25.4'N
40°25.4'N
40°26.5'N
40°27.4'N
40°28.8'N
73°44.6'W CM,TS,TSM,K,
73°43.9'W TSM,K
73°43.2'W CM, TSM, K
73°49.8'W TSM,K
73°53.7'W K
,D
* Station identification
in Part II of Appendix
** Eastern Daylight Time
explained
B
*** Parameter Codes
CM Current meter profile
TS In Situ temperature-
salinity profile
TSM Total suspended matter
sample
K Transmissometer profile
D Drift cards deployed
Table 4. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATIONS IN WAKE OF DISPOSAL
VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK, DECEMBER 18, 1974
Station*
Time**
Latitude
Longitude
Parameter***
Begin End
121874-1
121874-2
121874-3
121874-4
121874-5
121874-6
0750
0946
mo
1230
1328
1412
0850
1100
1202
1301
1355
1420
40
40
40
40
40
40
°24.
°24.
°25.
°24.
°24.
°24.
9'N
9'N
8'N
6'N
4'N
2'N
73
73
73
73
73
73
044.8'
°44.8'
°44.3'
°43.8'
°41 .7'
°44.8'
W
W
W
W
W
W
X
4X
TSM
TSM
TSM
X
,2X
,2X
,x
* Station
in Part
** Eastern
identi
II of
fi cation
Appendix
explained
B
TSM
Standard Time
X
*** Parameter
Total
sampl
STD c
Codes
suspended matter
e
ir
of i 1 e ;
2X, 4X
etc
equal profiles done at
given station
11
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Table 5. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATIONS IN WAKE OF DISPOSAL
VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK, DECEMBER 19, 1974
Station*
121974-1
121974-2
121974-3
121974-4
121974-5
121974-6
Time**
Begin
0842
1235
1323
1430
1529
1600
End
0955
1256
1409
1502
1540
1602
Latitude
40°24.7'N
40°24.7'N
40°24.7'N
40°25.3'N
40°25.0'N
40°25.7'N
Longitude
73°44.7'W
73°44.7'W
73°44.TW
73°42.7'W
73°41.7'W
73°45.3'W
Parameter***
TSM,2X
TSM.3X
TSM,3X
TSM.2X
TSM,X
X
* Station identification explained
in Part II of Appendix B
** Eastern Standard Time
*** Parameter Codes
TSM Total suspended matter
sample
X STD profile; 2X, 4X etc,
equal profiles done at
given station
Table 6. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATIONS IN WAKE OF DISPOSAL
VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK, DECEMBER 20, 1974
Station* Time** Latitude
Begin End
122074-1 1007 1010 40°24.7'N
122074-2 1020 1043 40°24.7'N
122074-3 1117 1153 40°24.1'N
122074-4 1232 1232 40°23.8'N
Longitude Parameter***
72°44.7'W TSM,X
73°44.7'W TSM,2X
73°44.9'W 3X
73°45.0'Wa X
* Station identification explained
in Part II of Appendix B
** Eastern Standard Time
a Not located by navigation;
position estimated from
drift between 122074-2 and
122074-3
*** Parameter Codes
TSM Total suspended ijatter
sample
X STD profile; 2X, 3X etc
equal profiles done at
given station
12
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Banse, K., C. P. Falls, and L. A. Hobson. 1963. A gravimetric method for
determining suspended matter in sea water using Millipore filters.
Deep Sea Research, V. 10, pp. 639-642.
Browne, D. W. and R. J. Callaway. 1975 (ms). Dispersion of Sewage Sludge
Discharged into New York Bight—Laboratory Studies of the Physical and
Settling Characteristics of Sewage Sludge.
Callaway, R. J., A. Teeter, D. Browne, and G. Ditsworth. 1976. Preliminary
analysis of the dispersion of sewage sludge discharged from vessels to
New York Bight Waters. In: Middle Atlantic Continental Shelf and the
New York Bight. Ed. M. Grant Gross. American Society of Limnology and
Oceanography, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 199-211.
Carder, K. L. and F. C. Schlemmer II. 1973. Distribution of particles in
the surface waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico: An indicator of
circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, V. 78 pp. 6286-6299.
Krutnbein, W. C. and J. F. Petti John. 1936. Manual of Sedimentary Petrog-
raphy. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York. 549 pp.
Pararas-Carayannis, George. 1973. Ocean dumping in the New York Bight: An
assessment of environmental studies. Technical Memorandum No 139, U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, 159 pp.
Pearce, J. B. 1972. The effects of solid waste disposal on benthic communi-
ties in the New York Bight. In: Marine Pollution and Sea Life, Ed.
Mario Ruivo. Fishing News Limited, Surrey, England, pp. 404-411.
Schubel, J. R. and A. Okubo. 1972. Comments on the dispersal of suspended
sediment across the continental shelves. In: Shelf Sediment Transport;
Process and Pattern, Eds. D. J. P. Swift, D. B. Duane, and 0. H. Pi 1 key.
Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa. pp. 333-346.
Sheldon, R. W. and T. R. Parsons. 1967. A practical manual on the use of
the Coulter Counter in marine science. Coulter Electronics, Toronto,
Canada. 66 pp.
Teeter, A. M., R. J. Callaway, and D. W. Denbo. 1975 (ms). Dispersion of
Sewage Sludge Discharged into New York Bight—Physical Oceanographic
Data—December 1974.
13
-------
APPENDIX A
TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER AT TRAVERSE STATIONS:
JUNE-JULY, 1974 AND PRIOR CRUISES
Discussion of Appendix Format
Tables A-l through A-7 give the concentration of total suspended matter
in milligrams per liter, dry weight basis, at various depths in the water
column at stations sampled from August 1973 through June, 1974. Note that all
stations were not sampled during each cruise nor were samples collected from
the same depths each time.
Figure A-l Traverse Station Locations
A-2 Vertical Profile TSM Concentration (mg/1) Feb.-Mar. 1974
A-3 Vertical Profile TSM Concentration (mg/1) June 1974
Table A-l Station, vicinity buoy "5", Ambrose Channel
A-2 Station, vicinity buoy "A", Ambrose Channel
A-3 Station, vicinity Ambrose Light
A-4 Station in Dump Zone
A-5 Station, vicinity TR-2
A-6 Station, vicinity TR-1
A-7 Station, vicinity buoy "NB"
14
-------
Table A-l. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION, VICINITY BUOY "5", AMBORSE
CHANNEL: LATITUDE 40° 30.5'N, LONGITUDE 73° 58.6'W:
TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
2
5
6
12
8/73
1.0
—
—
1.6
4.6
Cruise
Mo/Yr.
2/74
4.8
6.0
5.6
—
—
6/74
3.2
3.1
2.6
— _
—
Table A-2. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION, VICINITY BUOY "A", AMBROSE
CHANNEL: LATITUDE 40° 28.8'N LONGITUDE 73° 53.7'W:
TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
5
8
10
15
8/73
1.3
—
2.6
—
4.4
Cruise
Mo/Yr.
2/74
1.2
1.1
—
2.4
—
6/74
1.9
1.5
—
2.0
—
15
-------
Table A-3 NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION, VICINITY AMBROSE LIGHT:
LATITUDE 40° 27.4'N, LONGITUDE 73° 49.8'W:
TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
3
5
10
12
15
20
24
25
8/73
2.5
—
—
—
1.0
_ __
—
3.9
—
2/74
1.0
_ —
0.7
0.9
—
1.0
0.9
—
—
Cruise
Mo/Yr.
5/74
—
—
1.4
—
—
1.2
—
1.7
6/74
2.7
—
2.4
1.1
—
—
1.0
—
1.6
7/74*
2.3
2.7
3.2
1.9
—
0.7
—
—
* Occupied July 1, 1974; the only traverse station occupied in
July, 1974
Table A-4. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION IN DUMP ZONE: LATITUDE
40° 23.8'N, LONGITUDE 73° 44.4'W: TOTAL SUSPENDED
MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
5
7
10
12
14
15
20
21
23
24
28
Cruise
Mo/Yr.
8/73
0.7
—
—
—
0.3
—
—
—
—
—
0.7
—
12/73
0.8
—
0.9
—
—
0.8
—
—
1.2
—
—
1.2
2/74
1.5
—
—
1.4
—
_ __
1.2
0.9
— _
0.9
—
—
3/74
2.0
—
—
1.3
_ — —
. _ —
— — —
0.8
_ _ _
0.8
_ ....
5/74
1.0
1.0
___
1.0
— — —
_ _ _
— mm —
1.0
— _ _
_ _ _
6/74
2.2
2.4
s~~
1.9
_ — _
— — —
_ _ —
1.0
— — _
1.2
—
16
-------
Table A-5. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION, VICINITY TR-2; LATITUDE
40° 24.5'N, LONGITUDE 73° 32.9'W: TOTAL SUSPENDED
MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
5
10
15
20
23
25
3/74
0.8
—
0.9
—
1.1
1.3
—
Cruise
Mo/Yr
5/74
1.0
—
0.8
1.0
1.2
—
—
6/74
1.1
0.8
1.0
—
0.6
—
0.7
Table A-6. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION, VICINITY TR-1; LATITUDE
40° 25.2'N, LONGITUDE 73° 22.0'W: TOTAL SUSPENDED
MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
5
10
20
25
28
3/74
0.9
—
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
Cruise
Mo/Yr
5/74
1.0
—
0.8
0.7
1.6
1.4
6/74
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.6
—
0.7
17
-------
Table A-7. NEW YORK BIGHT: STATION, VICINITY BUOY "NB"; LATITUDE
40° 25.7'N, LONGITUDE 73° 11.5'W: TOTAL SUSPENDED
MATTER, Mg/L
Depth
Meters
0
5
8
10
15
16
20
24
25
28
30
33
8/73
0.1
—
—
—
0.3
—
—
—
—
—
0.8
—
12/73
1.2
—
1.1
—
—
1.1
—
1.0
—
—
—
0.9
2/74
0.9
—
—
0.9
—
—
1.0
—
1.0
0.9
—
—
Cruise
Mo/Yr
3/74
1.0
—
—
1.2
—
—
0.7
—
1.0
—
1.2
—
5/74
0.3
—
—
0.5
—
—
0.5
—
1.0
1.3
—
—
6/74
0.5
0.5
—
0.6
—
—
0.5
—
—
—
0.6
—
18
-------
APPENDIX B
JUNE-JULY, 1974 CRUISE
Part I Introduction and information included.
Part II Tabulated salinity and total suspended matter data.
Discussion of Table headings
Table B-l. Wake of Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, June 27, 1974
Table B-2. Traverse, Buoy NB to New York Harbor, June 30, 1974.
Table B-3. Wake of Disposal Vessel Owls Head, July 1, 1974.
Part III Profiles of temperature, salinity, density, light transmittance and
currents.
Discussion of contents
Parameters and Symbols
Figure B-l Station 062774-1, 1000 EOT; Salinity, Temperature,
and Sigma-t vs Depth
Figure B-2 Station 063074-1, 1210 EOT: Transmittance vs Depth
Figure B-3 Station 063074-2, 1440 EOT: Transmittance vs Depth
Figure B-4 Station 063074-2, 1440 EOT; Salinity, Temperature,
and Sigma-t vs Depth
Figure B-5 Station 063074-3, 1620 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth.
Figure B-6 Station 063074-4, 1845 EOT; Salinity, Temperature and
Sigma-t vs Depth.
Figure B-7 Station 063074-6, 2136 EDT; Salinity, Temperature and
Sigma-t vs Depth.
Figure B-8 Station 070174-1, 1024 EDT; Salinity, Temperature,
and Sigma-t vs Depth.
Figure B-9 Station 070174-1, 1053 EDT; Transmittance vs Depth
19
-------
Figure B-10 Station 070174-2, 1133 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
Figure B-ll Station 070174-3, 1220 EOT; Salinity, Temperature,
and Sigma-t vs Depth.
Figure B-12 Station 070174-3, 1235 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
Figure B-13 Station 070174-4, 1355 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
Figure B-14 Station 070174-5, 1511 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
Table B-4 Station 062774-1, 1032 EOT; Current Profile
Table B-5 Station 062774-3, 1127 EOT; Current Profile
Table B-6 Station 062774-4, 1237 EOT; Current Profile
Table B-7 Station 062774-5, 1325 EOT; Current Profile
Table B-8 Station 070174-1, 1105 EOT; Current Profile
Table B-9 Station 070174-3, 1220 EOT; Current Profile
Part IV Total suspended matter; size analyses; examples of detailed tables
and graphs.
Discussion and explanation of table and graph headings.
Figure B-15 Example of tabulated data
Figure B-16 Example of size frequency curve
Part V Tables cross-referencing station identification and particle size
sample designations.
Explanation of Tables
Table B-10 Cross Reference of Total Suspended Matter Sample
Identification versus Standard Station Identification:
Wake of Vessel Newtown Creek., June 27, 1974.
•
Table B-ll Cross Reference of Total Suspended Matter Identifica-
tion versus Standard Station Identification: Tra-
verse, Buoy NB-New York Harbor, June 30, 1974.
Table B-12 Cross Reference of Total Suspended Matter Sample
Identification versus Standard Station Identification:
Wake of Vessel; Owls Head, July 1, 1974.
Table B-13 Conversion of Equivalent Diameters in millimeters to
Particle Diameters in Phi Notation.
20
-------
PART I, APPENDIX B
Introduction and Information Included
Information presented in this appendix was obtained between June 27 and
July 1, 1974 from observations made in the wakes of disposal vessels discharg-
ing sludge in the present dump zone and from observations along a traverse
between buoy "NB" and New York Harbor. Part II has tabulated station informa-
tion and data for salinity and total suspended matter. In Part III are a
series of profiles from in situ instrumental measurements. Included is infor-
mation on salinity, temperature, currents, and light transmission. Examples
of detailed size analysis data are given in Part IV; Part V cross-references
station identifications and particle size sample designations used in this
report.
21
-------
PART II, APPENDIX B
Tabulated Salinity and Total Suspended Matter Data
Discussion of Table Headings
Salinity and total suspended matter (TSM) data collected on June 27, June
30, and July 1, 1974, are given in Tables B-l, B-2, and B-3 respectively.
Column headings of the tables are:
Station: The station identification consists of seven numerals which identi-
fies the month, day, year, and daily station sequence e.g., station
062774-3.
06 = month = June
27 = day of month
74 = year
3 = 3rd station occupied June 27, 1974
Latitude: Latitude of station, °N.
Longitude: Longitude of station, °W.
Time: The time span during which the station was occupied is given in
Eastern Daylight Time.
Salinity, PPT: Salinity of water sample collected at station and depth given;
reported to 0.01 part per thousand (PPT).
Total Suspended Matter: Several subheadings are included under this heading
that relate to the size, size frequency distribution
and concentration of total suspended matter.
Particle Size Data: Two subheadings are given relating to particle size
analyses.
Mean Size, Equivalent Diameter: Size analyses of the TSM were
determined with a Coulter Counter which measures particle volume.
Data are presented in the more conventional terms of particle di-
ameter which is the equivalent diameter of a sphere which has a
volume of that measured. Diameters are indicated by two measures:
ym: the equivalent diameter in micrometers
22
-------
0: Phi is a logrithmic transformation which permits plotting
of a geometric scale on a linear scale [0 = -logo, E (E
equals particle diameter in millimeters, Krumbein and
Pettijohn, 1936)].
Standard Deviation, Phi Units: The standard deviation of the size
frequency distribution curve in phi units.
Concentration mg/L: The concentration of total suspended matter, dry
weight, in milligrams per liter.
23
-------
Table B-l. NEW YORK BIGHT: WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK; JUNE 27, 1974
Time Depth Salinity
Station Latitude Longitude
EOT Meters
PPT
Total Suspended Matter
Particle
Mean
Equivalent
062774-1 40°27.4'N 73°44.8'W
062774-2 40°25.3'N 73°45.5'W
062774-3 40°26.2'N 73°44.8'W
062774-4 40°?fi 4'N 73°46 2'W
W t_ / / T ~ T^\J t-U,*T M / O "U • tp
-------
ro
en
(Table B-l cont.)
Station Latitude
D62774-5 40°27 4'N
Time Depth Salinity
Longitude EOT Meters PPT
7^°47 1 ' W "1 31 3 n
1330 5
10
15
20
25
Total Suspended Matter
Particle size Data
Mean Size Standard
Equivalent Diameter Deviation
}M 0 Phi Units
in? f\ t\9 i oc •
1 U. C- O. O£ 1 . 36
13.8 6.18 1.58
13.8 6.18 1.52
13.9 6.17 1.52
13.9 6.17 1.52
16.8 5.90 1.59
Cone.
mg/L
1 .2
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.9
-------
Table B-2. NEW YORK BIGHT: TRAVERSE; BUOY "NB" - NEW YORK HARBOR; JUNE 30, 1974
cr>
Station Latitude
Time
Longitude EOT
Depth
Meters
Salinity
PPT
Total
Suspended
Particle
Mean
Equivalent
063074-1 40°27.5'H
063074-2 40°25.2'N
06307-3 40°24.5'N
73°11.5'W 1136
1210
73°22.0'W 1420
1510
73°32.9'W 1620
1710
0
5
10
20
30
0
5
10
20
28
0
5
10
20
35
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
30.
30.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
43
44
55
70
71
81
81
60
66
68
25
26
26
34
27
yM
9.
7.
14.
14.
12.
9.
9.
13.
12.
9.
14.
15.
16.
15.
14.
4
3
3
1
3
3
8
0
0
5
4
6
9
8
1
Size
Size
Diameter
0
6.
7.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
6.
73
09
13
15
34
75
67
27
38
72
12
00
89
98
15
Matter
Data
Standard
Deviation
Phi Units
1.29
1.19
1.48
1.48
1.42
1.35
1.21
1.49
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.47
1.44
1.41
1.48
Cone.
mg/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
.5
.5
.6
.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.5
.7
.1
.8
.0
.6
.7
-------
(Table B-2 cont.)
Time Depth Salinity
Total Suspended Matter
ro
Station Latitude Longitude
063074-4 40°23.8'N 73°44.4'W
063074-5 40°26.9'N 73°48.8'W
063074-6 40°28.8'N 73°53.7'W
063074-7 40°30.5'N 73°58.6'W
EOT Meters
1845
1915
2020
2045
2125
2135
2230
2240
0
5
10
20
24
0
5
10
20
25
0
5
10
0
2.5
5
PPT
329.94
30.05
31.74
31.41
31.43
29.25
30.08
31.12
31.22
31.38
27.24
30.63
30.92
26.25
26.17
27.41
Particle Size Data
Mean
Equivalent
MM^
8.4
8.5
15.4
8.4
10.4
8.1
8.2
7.1
9.0
6.7
9.0
8.3
7.8
6.1
6.2
5.9
Size
Diameter
0
6.74
6.88
6.02
6.89
6.59
6.95
6.93
7.14
6.80
7.22
6.80
6.92
7.00
7.35
7.33
7.40
Standard
Deviation
Phi Units
1.25
1.23
1.46
1.26
1.52
1.15
1.19
1.37
1.43
1.37
1.26
1.44
1.38
1.28
1.32
1.37
Cone.
mg/L
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.0
1.2
2.7
2.4
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.9
1.5
1.9
3.2
3.1
2.6
-------
Table B-3. NEW YORK BIGHT: WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL OWLS HEAD; JULY 1, 1974
ro
CO
Station Latitude
070174-1 40°25.4'N
070174-2 40°25 4'N
\J / \J i / ~ t— ^\J t_ %^ • " 1 1
070174-3 40°26.5'N
070174-4 40°27.4'N
Time
Longitude EOT
73044 6'u 1015
/ *J "~ • W r» 1 \J 1 *J
1110
7304-5 g'u 1120
/ W "*J • .7 M 1 1 £. U
1200
73°43.2'W 1220
1300
73°49.8'W 1400
1420
Depth Salinity
Meters PPT
n
5
10
20
24
n
4
15
20
24
n
3
5
10
24
n __ _
•3
5
10
20
Total
Suspended
Particle Size
Mean
Equivalent
yM
8 1
O • 1
9.8
20.0
14.7
11.0
7 R
/ • *J
8.6
22.1
12.9
9.0
8.0
8.6
11.0
11.4
10.8
7.3
10.4
10.4
12.0
7.6
Size
Diameter
0
6 95
\J • -/ \J
6.67
5.64
6.09
6.50
7 Ofi
/ • \JU
6.86
5.50
6.28
6.80
6.96
6.87
6.50
6.45
6.54
7.10
6.59
6.58
6.38
7.03
Matter
Data
Standard
Deviation
Phi Units
1 27
l • t— 1
1.46
1.55
1.52
1.36
0 99
\J • Zf ,/
1.36
1.42
1.53
1.38
1.04
1.13
1.41
1.42
1.47
0.85
1.29
1.28
1.52
1.41
Cone.
mg/L
2.8
l'.7
1.5
1.1
1.4
2 6
L_ • \J
2.5
1.0
1.5
1.4
2.4
2.1
2.4
0.7
0.9
2.3
3.7
3.2
1.9
0.7
-------
PART III, APPENDIX B
Profiles of Temperature, Salinity, Density, Light
Transmittance, and Currents
Discussion of Contents
Figures and tables in this part of Appendix B represent processed data
from temperature-salinity profiles, light transmittance profiles, and current
profiles. Figures and tables are arranged sequentially by date and station
for the three days of the cruise. All times are referenced to Eastern Day-
light Time (EOT).
The salinity and temperature profiles consist of a listing of each
datum point for which the depth has been corrected for wire angle. Salinity
values were recalculated from conductivity and temperature readings taken
with a Beckman RS5-3 salinometer because they agreed more closely with
salinity values measured with a Plessey Model 6220 laboratory salinometer
than did the values measured directly from the RS5-3.
n
Current meter profiles were taken with a Hydro Products Model 460A/465A
instrument. Data are listed by corrected depth and are appropriately cor-
rected for vessel drift and magnetic variation. Profiles of light transmit-
tance taken with a Bendix Model C2S4 Alpha Meter are listed by corrected
depths along the computed extinction coefficients, Alpha (A). As noted in
Teeter et al. (1975) of this report the useful range of Alpha, for this
instrument, is from 0.1 M l to 3.5 M"1. Values within this range are given
in this appendix.
Detailed descriptions of the instrumentation, field procedures and data
processing are given in Teeter et al. (1975).
Parameters and Symbols
Depth (M) Labeled METERS on the graph ordinate; the depth of
observation.
Salinity (PPT) Labeled SAL on the abscissa of graphs; labeled S on the
graph profiles. Salinity is a measure of the dissolved
salts in sea water and is reported in parts per thousand.
Temperature (C) Labeled TEMP on the abscissa of graphs; labeled T on the
graph profiles. The temperature in degrees Celsius.
29
-------
Sigma-t Labeled DEN on the abscissa of graphs; labeled D on the
graph profiles. Sigma-t is a convenient means of expres-
sing the density of sea water; it is related to the
density by the equation: sigma-t = (D-l)(1000), where D
is the density of the water parcel.
%T The percent light transmittance. It is labeled %TR on
abscissa and P on profiles. The percent transmittance is
the ratio of the intensity of a light beam incident on a
photoelectric cell one meter from the light source to the
intensity of the same beam incident on a reference photo-
electric cell.
A m~ Alpha per meter; labeled ALPH on abscissa; labeled A on
the profile. Alpha, a measure of light attenuation is
related to the percent transmission by (- -r In T) where d
is the light path length and T is the percent transmit-
tance.
Speed, Kts Current speed in knots. A knot, one nautical mile per
hour equals 51.44 cm sec"1.
o
Direction, T Current direction referenced to geographic or true north.
30
-------
TEKP
a
5 _
10
15
20 _
25 _
30
IBs?
30,2
21,6
17,1
17,5
17,9
30,4
30,G
30,B
31,0
31,2
21,9
22,0
22,2
22,4
SAL
31,4
- OEM
24.4
Salinity
(PPT)
30.29
30.60
30.61
30.79
30.96
30.93
30.99
30.96
31.00
30.97
30.95
31.00
31.03
30.94
31.05
Temperature
(0
18.
18,
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17,
17,
17,
34
35
20
58
45
40
40
35
30
25
25
28
30
35
16.70
Sigma-T
21.62
21 .85
21 .89
22.18
22.34
22.32
22.38
22.36
22.40
22.39
22.38
22.41
22.43
22.35
22.58
Figure B-l Station 062774-1, 1000 EOT; Salinity, Temperature, and Sigma-t
vs Depth
31
-------
Table B-4. STATION 062774-1, 1032 EOT; CURRENT PROFILE
Resolved Currents
Depth, M. Speed, Kts Direction °T
0.8
3.8
6.9
9.9
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.1
25.1
0.57
0.26
0.25
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.11
352
025
328
318
276
276
273
299
311
Table B-5. STATION 062774-3, 1127 EOT; CURRENT PROFILE
Depth, M.
0.8
3.8
6.9
9.9
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.1
25.1
Resolved
Speed Kts
0.69
0.51
0.53
0.60
0.86
0.92
0.85
0.69
0.26
Currents
Direction °T
359
349
339
315
300
295
328
299
348
32
-------
Table B-6. STATION 062774-4, 1237 EOT; CURRENT PROFILE
Resolved Currents
Depth, M. Speed, Kts Direction °T
0.8
3.8
6.9
9.9
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.1
24.4
0.92
0.95
1.10
1.09
1.17
0.95
0.57
0.37
0.22
306
298
289
292
304
309
315
331
022
Table B-7. STATION 062774-5, 1325 EOT; CURRENT PROFILE
Depth, M.
0.8
3.8
6.9
9.9
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.1
25.1
Resolved
Speed, Kts
0.23
0.39
0.09
0.22
0.33
0.34
0.30
0.36
0.26
Currents
Direction °T
354
059
166
215
229
251
246
235
255
33
-------
Q 5,0 15*0 30,0 -15,0 60,0 75,0 90,0
Depth, M
0
1.5
3.0
4.6
6.1
7.6
9.1
10.7
12.2
13.7
15.2
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.9
24.4
25.9
27.4
30.0
% T
41
39
28
73
74
28
19
25
9
14
11
27
30
33
37
39
48
48
49
52
A, m
-1
1
.89
.94
1.27
.31
.30
27
1.66
1.38
2.41
1.97
2.21
1.31
1.20
1.11
.99
.94
.73
.73
.71
.65
Figure B-2 Station 063074-1, 1210 EDT: Transmittance vs Depth
34
-------
0
5 .
10 _
15 .
20 .
25 .
3Q
1JJ 1.5
2.0
3.0
T tt-PH
35
o
en
Lkl
o
01
a:
u
h-
QJ
o
I
3
in
I I 1
IR
0 5,0 15,0 30,0 45.0 60,0 75,0 90,0
Depth, M
0
1 .5
3.0
4.6
6.1
7.6
9.1
10.7
12.2
13.
15.
16.8
18.3
19.8
21
22
24.4
25.9
27.4
29
30
27
25
26
29
34
36
37
39
40
37
37
35
30
24
23
23
23
A, m
-1
1.24
1.20
1.31
1.38
1.35
1.24
1.08
1.02
.99
.94
.92
.99
.99
1.05
1.20
1.43
1.47
1.47
1.47
Figure B-3 Station 063074-2, 1440 EOT: Transmittance vs> Depth
35
-------
Q
5 _
10 _
15 _
20 _
25 -
30
i r
15,5
TEMP
15,9
16,3
16,7
17,1
30,9 31,1
Sft
31,3 31,5 31,7 31,9 32,1 32,3
1 1 1 1 1 DEM
22,3 22,5 22,7 22,9 23,1
23,3 23,5
Depth
(M)
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
18.0
22.0
26.0
Salinity
(PPT)
31.02
31.06
31.10
30.97
31.24
31.52
31.84
31.82
31.79
31.86
31.82
Temperature
(c)
17.
17,
17.
17.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
50
40
40
34
20
86
58
62
57
54
15.54
Sigma-T
22.37
22.42
22.45
22.37
22.84
23.13
23.43
23.41
23.40
23.46
23.43
Figure B-4 Station 063074-2, 1440 EOT; Salinity, Temperature, and Sigma-t
vs Deoth
36
-------
Q
5 .
10 .
15 .
20 _
25 _
30 .
.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 3.0
-I ft-PH
3.5
o
CD
UJ
o
I
UJ
H«
cn
a
I
in
X TR
Q 5,Q 15,0 30,0 45,0 60,0 75,0 90,0
Depth, M
T
A, m
-1
1
3
4
6.
7
9,
10,
12,
13,
15.
16.
18,
19.
21.
22.9
9
11
12
14
13
16
15
12
17
18
20
26
28
28
28
2.41
2.21
2.12
1.97
2.04
1.83
1.90
2.12
1.77
1.71
1.61
1.35
1.27
1.27
1.27
Figure B-5 Station 063074-3, 1620 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
37
-------
t TEMP
15,G 16,1 16,6 17,1 17,B 1B,1 1B,B 19,1
23,B 30,2 30,6 31,0
21,3
21,7
22,1
22,5
SAL
31,B 32,2
1 DEM
22,9
Depth
(M)
0
2.0
6.0
9.2
12.5
15.7
18.9
21.2
23.5
25.8
28.1
Sa 1 i n i ty
(PPT)
29.99
30.03
29.89
30.65
31.21
31.12
31.27
31.47
31.43
31.47
31.55
Temperature
(C)
18
18
18
17
16,
16,
15,
15.
15.
15,
60
60
35
15
15
15
85
65
75
75
15.65
Sigma-T
21 .33
21.36
21.31
22.17
22.82
22.76
22.94
23.14
23.09
23.12
23.20
Figure B-6 Station 063074-4, 1845 EOT; Salinity, Temperature and Sigma-t
vs Depth
38
-------
27.5
2B.5
29.5
30,5
31.5
32.5
19.1 19,6 20,1 20,6 21,1 21,6 22.1 22,6
Depth
(M)
0
2.0
4.0
5.8
7.7
9.1
11.9
13.3
Salinity
(PPT)
27.69
27.38
29.54
30.54
30.70
30.74
30.73
30.86
Temperature
(C)
19.
19.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
30
40
15
35
25
25
15
17.10
Sigma-T
19.41
19.15
21 .09
22.04
22.19
22.22
22.24
22.34
Figure B-7 Station 063074-6, 2136 EOT; Salinity, Temperature and Sigma-t
vs Depth
39
-------
TEMP
17.5
1EU5
30
20.5 21,0 21,5 22,0 22,5 23,0 23,5 24,0
Depth
(M)
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
13.9
17.
21
.7
.6
24.5
Salinity
(PPT)
29.01
29.20
30.45
31.23
31.15
31.33
31.52
31.84
31 .88
31 .87
Temperature
(C)
18.
18.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
14.
90
80
75
40
45
25
00
30
75
14.55
S i gtna -T
20.50
20.67
21.88
22.79
22.71
22.90
23.10
23.50
23.65
23.68
Figure B-8 Station 070174-1, 1024 EOT; Salinity, Temperature, and
Sigma-t vs. Depth.
40
-------
a
5 _
1Q .
15 .
20 .
25 _
30
10
15
20
25
3.0
-I &LPH
3.5
X TR
0 5,0 15.0 30.0 45*0 60.D 75,0 90,0
Depth, M
.9
3.0
4.6
6.1
7.6
9.1
10.7
12.2
13.7
15.2
16.8
18.3
19.0
21.3
22.9
% T
0
4
24
32
36
34
50
57
61
61
50
47
47
44
43
A, m
-1
3.22
1.43
1.14
1.02
1.08
.69
.56
.49
.49
.69
.76
.76
.82
.84
Figure B-9 Station 070174-1, 1053 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
41
-------
HLPH
.5
1.0 1.5 2.0
5 .
10 .
15 .
25 _
25
1 T I
3.5
sj
O
I
ND
bJ
Ul
Z
3)
in
-i x rp
0 5,0 15,0 30,0 -15.0 60.0 75.0 90.0
Depth, M
.6
2.7
3.0
4.6
6
9
12
15
18
19.8
21.3
22.9
T
0
0
5
34
35
40
52
58
50
43
43
42
A, m
-1
.00
.08
.05
.92
.65
.54
.69
.84
.84
.87
Figure B-10 Station 070174-2, 1133 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
42
-------
0
5 _
10 _
15 _
20 .
25 .
30
15,1
16,1
17,1
18,1
19,1
2B,5
29,5
30,5
31.5
32.5
T T€MP
20,1
a
o
I
UJ
H*
K)
K)
o
I
U)
SP.L
33,5
-1 DiH
20,4 20,9 21,4 21,9 22,4 22,9 23,4 23,9
Figure B-11
Salinity
(PPT)
29.17
29.29
30.37
31.34
31.57
31.65
31.70
32.13
31.66
31.78
Temperature
(C)
19.
19.
18.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
15.
70
30
25
70
40
30
30
70
35
15.15
Sigma-T
20.43
20.62
21.70
22.80
23.05
23.13
23.17
23.63
23.35
23.48
Station 070174-3;
vs Depth
1220 EOT; Salinity, Temperature, and Sigma-t
43
-------
a
5 .
la .
15 .
20 _
25 .
30
1JJ 15 2.0
111
0 5,0 15,0 30,0 45,0 60,0 75,0 90,0
Depth, M
.5
.9
1.8
2.7
3.7
4.6
6.1
9.
12.
15,
18.
21
T
,1
.2
.2
,3
.3
22.9
0
0
0
1
13
33
42
42
52
60
50
44
42
A, m
-1
.61
.04
.11
.87
.87
.65
.51
.69
.82
.87
Figure B-12
Station 070174-3, 1235 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
44
-------
a
5
15
20
25
30
X TR
Q 5,Q 15,0 30,0 45*0 60,0 75,0 90,0
Depth, M
.6
.9
1.5
2.4
3.7
4.9
6.1
7.6
9.
12.
15.
18.
21.
,1
.2
.2
,3
,3
24.4
25.9
% T
0
0
0
0
0
10
12
15
22
35
50
43
45
41
41
A, m
-1
.30
.12
.90
.51
.05
.69
.84
.80
.89
.89
Figure B-13 Station 070174-4, 1355 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
45
-------
Q _
5 .
10 .
15 .
20 .
25 _
30
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
-I ftLPH
3.5
I
33
in
—i 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 r—i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x
0 5.0 15.0 30.0 45,0 60,0 75,0 90,0
TR
Depth, M
0.9
1 .5
3.0
4.6
6.1
7.6
9.
10.
12.
13.7
% T
0
2
8-10
7-12
7-13
20
18
18
18
23
A, m'
3.91
2.53-2.30
2.65-2.12
2.65-2.04
.61
71
71
71
1.47
Figure B-14 Station 070174-5, 1511 EOT; Transmittance vs Depth
46
-------
Table B-8. STATION 070174-1, 1105 EOT; CURRENT PROFILE
Depth, M.
1.2
3.8
6.9
9.9
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.1
Resolved
Speed, Kts
0.68
0.28
0.28
0.32
0.12
0.12
0.32
0.39
Currents
Direction °T
045
226
221
204
190
307
036
040
Table B-9. STATION 070174-3, 1220 EDT; CURRENT PROFILE
Depth, M.
1 .5
3.8
6.9
9.9
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.1
Resolved
Speed Kts
0.54
0.43
0.31
0.26
0.13
0.29
0.39
0.39
Currents
Direction °T
014
359
284
232
233
041
040
040
47
-------
PART IV, APPENDIX B
Total Suspended Matter; Size Analyses; Examples
of Detailed Tables and Graphs
Discussion and Explanation of Table and Graph Headings
p
Size analyses with the Coulter Counter and the subsequent data reduction
results in two pages of computer output for each sample, a page of tabulated
data and a plot of the size frequency distribution. Because of the bulk of
material (more than 150 pages for these samples), these detailed outputs are
not included in this data report; rather, examples of the outputs are present-
ed here as Figures B-15 and B-16. These data are on file at the Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory.
For identification purposes each column or header of the particle size
table (Figure B-15) has been identified with a number which is listed and
explained below.
1. SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: Alpha-numeric codes were used to identify,
uniquely, each sample collected only for total
suspended matter analyses. A complete list of
these codes cross-referencing them to standard
station codes used during the June-July, 1974,
cruise are found in Part V of this appendix. A
similar list for the December, 1974, cruise is
given in Appendix C.
2. Header Information Which Includes:
STUDY AREA: The area from which the sample was collected
and the year it was collected.
DATE: The month and day it was collected.
TIME: The local time at which sample was coUected.
LATITUDE: Latitude of the station, °N.
LONGITUDE: Longitude of the station, °W.
WATER SAMPLE: The type of sample collected.
WATER DEPTH: Water depth, meters.
SAMPLE DEPTH: Sample depth, meters.
48
-------
10.
11.
CORE SAMPLE DEPTH
FROM TOP OF CORE:
DILUTION:
3. CHAN:
4. DIA U:
5. MN VOL CU:
6. PHI VALUE:
7. DELTA PRAW:
8. DELTA P BKG,
9. DELTA P NET:
SUM P NET:
DELTA P %:
For bottom cores, the depth of sample in the
core, in centimeters.
The dilution factor required to obtain suit-
able instrumental analyses.
Instrument data storage channel; a size class.
The equivalent spherical diameter, in micro-
meters (urn) assigned to channel boundaries; in
the example the lower and upper boundaries of
channel 12 are 4.00 and 5.04 micrometers,
(.004 mm and .00504 mm) respectively.
The geometric mean volume, in cubic micro-
meters (ym)3 of the given channel.
The phi value, (5, of the geometric mean diameter
of a given channel.
0 = -
log A + log B
log 2
where A = channel lower boundary; diameter in
millimeters
B = channel upper boundary; diameter in
millimeters
The gross population of electrical impulses
registered as particles in given instrument
channels; the raw particle count.
The population of impulses registered as
apparent particles in given instrument channels
from analysis of clean electrolyte; the back-
ground count.
The net population of particles in a given
channel per liter of sample (Note that from
this point on, all values given refer to
population or volume per liter of original
sample (i.e., the "true" population or volume).
The cumulative population of particles per
liter.
The particle population of a given channel
expressed as a percent of the total population.
49
-------
12. SUM P %: The cumulative population of particles expressed
in percent.
13. DELTA V CU: The volume of particles, in cubic micrometers,
(ym)3, in a given channel, per liter.
14. SUM V CU: The cumulative volume of particles in cubic
micrometers per liter.
15. DELTA V %: The volume of particles in a given channel
expressed as a percent of the total volume of
particles.
16. SUM V %: The cumulative volume of particles expressed in
percent.
17. PPM: The concentration of particles per channel, per
liter, expressed in parts per million by volume.
18. Header information which includes:
SAMPLE: Sample identification
DEPTH: Sample depth, meters
MEDIAN: The median equivalent diameter expressed as 0.
MEAN: The mean equivalent diameter expressed as 0.
STDEV: The standard deviation expressed in phi
notation.
SKEWNESS: Skewness of the size frequency curve.
KURTOSIS: Kurtosis of the size frequency curve.
19. FIFTY PERCENTILE VOLUME: The particle volume, in cubic micrometers, of
the 50th percentile.
The size frequency distribution (Figure B-16) shows the percent, by
volume, of particulate matter plotted against the instrument channel,numbers
(size classes). The various headings of the figure are numbered, for identi-
fication, and explained below.
1. SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: The same identification shown as Item 1,
Figure B-15.
2. VOLUME %: The ordinate label.
50
-------
3. CHANNEL NUMBER: The abscissa label giving the volume size range
(From 2.962 to of the analyses. This particular example ranges
194.4E3 CU) from 2.962 cubic micrometers to 194.4E3
(194,000) cubic micrometers. (Note: Size
CU decreases from right to left; 194.4E3 is the
mean geometric volume of channel 0 and 2.962 CU
Cnanriel is the mean geometric volume of Channel 16).
Refer to the column identified as item Number 6
in Figure B-15 to determine the mean geometric
diameter for any channel.
4. SAMPLE DEPTH: Sample depth, meters. In this example, the
depth is 10 meters.
5. FIFTY PERCENTILE VOLUME: The particle volume, in cubic micrometers,
which marks the 50th percentile.
51
-------
(^\S STUDY AREAINEW YORK 1974
V£/ 1 WATER SAMPLE WATER DEPTHI0026
(D 0
CHAN OIA
U
16 1.59
15 2.00
14 3.52
13 3.17
12 '•.00
11 5.04
10 6.35
01 9 6'°°
ro
8 10.1
7 12.7
6 16.0
5 20.2
4 25.4
3 32.0
2 40.3
1 50.8
0 64.0
®
MN VOLt
CU
2.962
5.924
11.65
23.70
47.39
94.78
198.6
379.1
758.3
1516.
3033.
6066.
12.13E3
24.27E3
48.S4E3
97.18E3
194. 4E3
®
PHI
VALUE
9.132
8,799
6.466
8. 132
7.799
7.466
7.132
6.799
6.466
6.133
S.799
5.466
S.133
4.799
A. 466
4.132
3.796
©SAMPLE DEPTH
NC174062710LUG 0010
DATES0627 TIMEilOOO
M SAMPLE DEPTH:OOIO M CORE SAMPLE
© (D (D ® (0)
DELTA DELTA DELTA P SUM P DELTA P
PRAW PBKG NET NET *
21951
127*8
8597
5412
3309
1590
649
481
274
157
92
47
22
8
2
1
1
MEDIAN MEAN
5. 955 6.317
525 3.214E 07 8.179E 07
254 1.874E 07 4.965E 07
123 1.271E 07 3.091E 07
61 8.025E. 06 1.620E 07
32 4.916E 06 1.018E 07
12 2.367£ 06 5.260E 06
4 1.267E 06 2.894E 06
0 7.210E 05 1.627E 06
0 4. 105E 05 9.055E 05
0 2.355E 05 4.950E 05
0 1.385E 05 2.595E 05
0 7.100E 04 1.210E 05
0 3.350E 04 5.000E 04
0 1.150E 04 1.650E 04
0 3.500E 03 5.000E 03
0 l.SOOE 03 1.500E 03
0 0£ 00 OE 00
39.29
22.91
15.54
9.81
6.01
2.89
1.55
.83
.50
.29
.17
.09
.04
.01
.00
.00
0
STOEV SKCWNESS KUrtTOSIS
1.291 .361 2.227 MOMENT
LATITUO£:40 24. 7N LONOITUOE:73 44. BW
DEPTH FROM TOP OF CORE! CM DILUTION: 3
®
SUM P
2
100.00
60.71
37.79
22.25
12.44
6.43
3.54
1.99
1.11
.61
.32
.IS
.06
.02
.01
.00
0
®
DELTA V
CU
9.520E 07
1.110E 08
1.506E 08
1.902E 08
2.329E 08
2.243E 08
2.402E 08
2.733E 08
3.113E 08
3.570E 08
4.201E 08
4.307E 08
4.064E 08
2.791E 08
1.699E 08
1.4S8E, 08
OE 00
® ®
SUM V DELTA V
CU %
4.03BE 09
3.943E 09
3.832E 09
3.681E 09
3.491E 09
3.2S6E 09
3.034E 09
2.794E 09
2.520E 09
2.209E 09
1.852E 09
1.432E 09
1.001E 09
5.946E 08
3.157E 08
1.4586 08
OE 00
2.36
2.75
3.73
4.71
5.77
5.56
5.95
6.77
7.71
e.c*4
10.40
10.67
10.06
6.91
4.21
3.61
0
©
SUM V
%
100.00
97.64
94.89
91.16
86.45
80.68
75.13
69.18
62.41
54.70
45.86
35.46
24.79
14.73
7.82
3.61
0
©
PPM
.0952
.1110
.1S06
.1902
.2329
.2243
.2402
.2733
.3113
.3570
.4201
.4307
.4064
.2791
.1699
.1458
0
STATISTICS PHI VALUES
(19) FIFTY PHECENTILE VOLUME IS 2191.834 CU
Figure B-15 Example of tabulated data
-------
VOLUME t
50
•!••!••!••I.. I..I..I.•!..!..I.
.1..I..1..I..I..I..I..J..I..!..!..I..I..!..!..I..!..!..I.
35
•NC174063710LUG •
••»••••**•••*••••
15
10
5
\
TIG NO.
X
X X
XXX
X X
16 15 14 13 IZ 11 10 9 0 7 6 S A 3 Z X u
(^ CHANNEL NUMBER (FHOM 3.96Z TO 194. AE3 CU)
DIFFERENTIAL VOLUME PEHCENT VS. CHANNEL NUMBER SAMPLE UEPTH0010 M FIFTY PERCENT ILE VOLUME- 2191.834 CU
Figure B-16 Example of size frequency curve
-------
PART V, APPENDIX B
Tables cross-referencing station identification and particle size
sample designations.
Explanation of Tables
An alpha-numeric code of up to 15 characters was used to uniquely iden-
tify each sample or subsample used exclusively for TSM size analysis. These
codes identify each particle-size table and graph, examples of which are
shown as Figures B-15 and B-16 in Part IV of this appendix. Complete lists
of these codes and the corresponding standard station and depth designation
are given in Tables B-109 B-ll and B-12 for samples collected in the wake of
vessel Newtown Creek, on the traverse, and in the wake of the vessel Owls
Head. An example is given below.
NC 1 74062720LUG
NCI: The station identification, in this example the first
station occupied in wake of vessel Newtown Creek.
74: The year
06: The month
27: The day
20: Sample depth, meters
LUG: Preservative; in this example, Lugol's solution.
In this report, particle size is often described by equivalent diameter
or the corresponding phi (0) value. Table B-13 gives diameter values in
millimeters and micrometers along with corresponding phi values.
54
-------
Table B-10. CROSS REFERENCE: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER SAMPLE
IDENTIFICATION VERSUS STANDARD STATION IDENTIFICATION:
WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK; JUNE 27, 1974
Total Suspended Matter
Sample Identification
NC174062700LUG
NC174062705LUG
NCI 7406271 OLUG
NC174062715LUG
NC174062720LUG
NC274062700LUG
NC274062705LUG
NC274062710LUG
NC274062715LUG
NC274062720LUG
NC374062700LUG
NC374062705LUG
NC374062710LUG
NC374062715LUG
NC374062720LUG
NC474062700LUG
NC474062705LUG
NC474062710LUG
NC474062715LUG
NC474062720LUG
NC474062725LUG
NC574062700LUG
NC574062705LUG
NC574062710LUG
NC574062715LUG
NC574062720LUG
NC574062725LUG
Standard Station Sample
Identification Depth Meters
062774-1 0
5
10
15
20
062774-2 0
5
10
15
20
062774-3 0
5
10
15
20
062774-4 0
5
10
15
20
25
062774-5 0
5
10
15
20
25
55
-------
Table B-n CROSS REFERENCE: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER SAMPLE
IDENTIFICATION VERSUS STANDARD STATION IDENTIFICATION:
TRAVERSE BUOY "NB" - NEW YORK HARBOR; JUNE 30, 1974
Total Suspended Matter
Sample Identification
BYNB74063000LUG
BYNB74063005LUG
BYNB74063010LUG
BYNB74063020LUG
BYNB74063030LUG
TR1 74063000LUG
TR1 74063005LUG
TR1 7406301 OLUG
TR1 74063020LUG
TR1 74063028LUG
TR2 74063000LUG
TR2 74063005LUG
TR2 7406301 OLUG
TR2 74063020LUG
TR2 74063025LUG
TR3 74063000LUG
TR3 74063005LUG
TR3 7406301 OLUG
TR3 74063020LUG
TR3 74063025LUG
501 74063000LUG
501 74063005LUG
501 7406301 OLUG
501 74063020LUG
501 74063025LUG
BYA 74063000LUG
BYA 74063005LUG
BYA 74063010LUG
BY5 74063000LUG
BY5 7406302. SLUG
BY5 74063005LUG
Standard Station Sample
Identification Depth. Meters
063074-1 0
5
10
20
30
063074-2 0
5
10
20
28
063074-3 0
5
10
20
25
063074-4 0
5
10
20
25
063074-5 0
5
10
20
25
063074-6 0
5
10
063074-7 0
2.5
5
56
-------
Table B-12. CROSS REFERENCE: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER SAMPLE
IDENTIFICATION VERSUS STANDARD STATION IDENTIFICATION:
WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL OWLS HEAD; JULY 1, 1974
Total Suspended Matter Standard Station Sample
Sample Identification Identification Depth Meters
OH1740701OOLUG 070174-1 0
OH174070105LUG 5
OH174070110LUG 10
OH174070120LUG 20
OH174070124LUG 24
OH2740701OOLUG 070174-2 0
OH274070104LUG 4
OH274070115LUG 15
OH274070120LUG 20
OH274070124LUG 24
OH3740701OOLUG 070174-3 0
OH374070103LUG 3
OH374070105LUG 5
OH374070110LUG 10
OH374070124LUG 24
OH4740701OOLUG 070174-4 0
OH474070103LUG 3
OH474070105LUG 5
OH474070110LUG 10
OH474070120LUG 20
57
-------
Table B-13. CONVERSION OF EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS, IN MILLIMETERS,
TO PARTICLE DIAMETER IN PHI NOTATION*
Millimeters
1
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16
1/32
1/64
1/128
1/256
1/512
1/1024
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Micrometers**
1000
500
250
125
62.5
31.2
15.6
7.8
3.9
2.0
1.0
* 0 = -Iog2 E [E = diameter in millimeters; Krumbein and
PettiJohn (1936)].
** Values are rounded to 0.1 urn.
58
-------
APPENDIX C
DECEMBER, 1974 CRUISE
Introduction and Discussion of Information Included
On December 18, 19, and 20, water samples were collected in the wake of
the vessel Newtown Creek as it discharged sewage sludge. Resulting total
suspended matter data are included in Tables C-l5 C-2, and C-3. The format
of these tables are the same as those of the June-July, 1974, cruise except
that no salinity or concentration of TSM values are included. Tables C-4, C-
5, and C-6 cross reference total suspended matter sample identifications with
standard station and depth designations. The coding for these identifications
follow the same format as has been given for those samples collected during
the June-July, 1974, cruise.
Table C-l New York Bight, Total Suspended Matter, Wake of
Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, December 18, 1974.
Table C-2 New York Bight, Total Suspended Matter, Wake of
Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, December 19, 1974.
Table C-3 New York Bight, Total Suspended Matter, Wake of
Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, December 20, 1974.
Table C-4 Cross Reference, Total Suspended Matter Sample
Identification versus Standard Station Identification,
Wake of Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, December 18, 1974
Table C-5 Cross Reference, Total Suspended Matter Sample
Identification Versus Standard Station Identification
Wake of Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, December 19, 1974.
Table C-6 Cross Reference, Total Suspended Matter Sample
Identification Versus Standard Station Identification,
Wake of Disposal Vessel Newtown Creek, December 20, 1974.
59
-------
Table C-l
NEW YORK BIGHT:
1974
TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER; WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK; DECEMBER 18,
O1
o
Station Latitude Longitude
121874-1 40°24.9'N 73°44.8'W
121874-2 40°24.9'N 73°44.8'W
121874-3 40°25.8'N 73°44.3'W
121874-4 40°24.6'N 73°43.8'W
121874-5 40°24.4'N 73°41.7'W
121874-6 40°24.2'N 73°44.8'W
Time
EST
0750
0850
0946
1100
1110
1202
1230
1301
1328
1355
1412
1420
Depth
Meters
0
2
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
18
0
5
9
14
17
Total Suspended Matter
Mean
Equivalent
yM_
10.10
8.09
9.36
11.76
7.19
6.85
10.31
9.29
7.34
11.05
9.29
11.05
6.17
10.45
12.09
7.92
8.49
7.81
7.34
5.92
Particle
Size
Diameter
0
Not
6.63
6.95
6.74
6.41
7.12
7.19
6.60
6.75
7.09
6.50
6.75
6.50
7.34
6.58
6.37
6.98
6.88
7.00
7.09
7.40
Not
Size Data
Standard
Deviation
Phi Units
Taken
0.98
1.07
0.98
0.95
1.37
1.30
1.06
1.10
1.27
1.11
1.15
1.21
1.28
1.17
1.15
1.39
1.30
1.35
1.30
1.38
Taken
-------
Table C-2. NEW YORK BIGHT: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER; WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEHTOWN CREEK; DECEMBER 19. 1974
Time
Station Latitude Longitude EST
121974-1 40°24.7'N 73°44.7'W 0842
0955
121974-2 40°24.7'N 73°44.7'W 1235
1256
01
- 121974-3 40°24.7'N 73°44.1'W 1323
1409
121974-4 40°25.3'N 73°42.7'W 1430
1502
121974-5 40°25.7'N 73°41.7'W 1529
1540
121974-6 40°25.7'N 73°45.3'W 1600
1602
Depth
Meters
0
5
9
14
18
0
4
9
14
19
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
Mean
Equivalent
yM
6.13
5.34
6.26
10.67
13.42
8.97
11.68
8.67
10.60
13.98
7.87
7.34
6.62
7.60
7.09
6.26
7.92
9.29
7.60
10.10
7.04
8.14
6.62
7.92
9.82
Total Suspended
Particle Size
Size
Diameter
0
7.35
7.55
7.32
6.55
6.22
6.80
5.42
6.85
6.56
6.16
6.99
7.09
7.24
7.04
7.14
7.32
6.98
6.75
7.04
6.63
7.15
6.94
7.24
6.98
6.67
Not Taken
Matter
Data
Standard
Deviation
Phi Units
1.01
1.25
1.26
1.55
1.25
0.99
0.85
0.95
1.22
1.30
1.47
1.17
1.16
1.36
1.33
1.10
0.91
0.99
1.35
1.31
1.00
1.14
1.30
1.31
1.47
-------
Table C-3. NEW YORK BIGHT: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER; WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK; DECEMBER 20,
CT>
ro
1974
Time
Station Latitude Longitude EST
122074-1 40°24.7'N 73°44.7'W 1007
1010
122074-2 40°24.7'N 73°44.7'W 1020
1043
122074-3 40°24.1'N 73°44.9'W 1117
1153
122074-4 40°23.8'N 73°45.0'W 1232
1232
Depth
Meters
0
0
4
9
14
18
Total Suspended Matter
Particle
Mean Size
Equivalent Diameter
yM 0
5.34 7.55
12.69 6.30
13.98 6.16
12.69 6.30
12.26 6.35
9.75 6.68
Not
Not
Size Data
Standard
Deviation
Phi Units
1.32
1.56
1.47
1.49
1.34
1.40
Taken
Taken
-------
Table C-4. CROSS REFERENCE: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER SAMPLE
IDENTIFICATION; WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEUTOWN CREEK;
DECEMBER 18, 1974
Total Suspended Matter
Sample Identification
None Taken
NC174121800LUG
NC174121802LUG
NC174121810LUG
NC174121815LUG
NC174121820LUG
NC274121800LUG
NC274121805LUG
NC274121810LUG
NC274121815LUG
NC274121820LUG
NC374121800LUG
NC374121805LUG
NC374121810LUG
NC374121815LUG
NC374121820LUG
NC474121800LUG
NC474121805LUG
NC474121810LUG
NC474121815LUG
NC474121820LUG
Not Taken
Standard Station
Identification
121874-1
121874-2
121874-3
121874-4
121874-5
Sample
Depth Meters
0
2
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
18
0
5
9
14
17
121874-6
63
-------
Table C-5. CROSS REFERENCE: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER SAMPLE
IDENTIFICATION VERSUS STANDARD STATION IDENTIFICATION;
WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK; DECEMBER 19, 1974
Total Suspended Matter Standard Station Depth
Sample Identification Identification Meters
NC174121900LU6 121974-1 0
NC174121905LUG 5
NC174121910LUG 9
NC174121915LUG 14
NC174121920LUG 18
NC274121900LUG 121974-2 0
NC274121905LUG 4
NC274121910LUG 9
NC274121915LUG 14
NC274121920LUG 19
NC374121900LUG 121974-3 0
NC374121905LUG 5
NC374121910LUG 10
NC374121915LUG 15
NC374121920LUG 20
NC474121900LUG 121974-4 0
NC474121905LUG 5
NC474121910LUG 10
NC474121915LUG 15
NC474121920LUG 20
NC575121900LUG 121974-5 0
NC574121905LUG 5
NC574121910LUG 10
NC574121915LUG 15
NC574121920LUG 20
Not Taken 121974-6 -*•
64
-------
Table C-6. CROSS REFERENCE: TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER SAMPLE
IDENTIFICATION VERSUS STANDARD STATION IDENTIFICATION;
WAKE OF DISPOSAL VESSEL NEWTOWN CREEK; DECEMBER 20, 1974
Total Suspended Matter
Sample Identification
NC174122000LUG
NC274122000LUG
NC274122005LUG
NC274122010LUG
NC27412201 SLUG
NC274122020LUG
Not Taken
Not Taken
Standard Station
Identification
122074-1
122074-2
122074-3
122074-4
Depth
Meters
0
0
4
9
14
18
65
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-78-022
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
New York Bight Suspended Matter and Oceanographic Data
1973-1974, Total suspended matter; traverse stations,
June, 1974 and prior cruises; total suspended matter and
oceanographic data June-July 1974 cruise; total suspende|d
5. REPORT DATE
February 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
?.AUTHOR^)matter, December 19/4, cruises.
6. R. Ditsworth, A. M. Teeter and R. J. Callaway
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS,
Marine ana Freshwater Ecology Branch
Corvallis Envtronmental Research Laboratory
200 S. W. 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BA608
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 S. W. 35th Street
Con/all is, Oregon 97330
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
inhouse
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/02
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The concentration and size of particulate matter suspended in the water column
were determined as part of an overall study of sewage sludge dispersion in
New York Bight. Sampling points were established along a traverse which
extended from New York Harbor, through the dump zone, to buoy NB. Data obtained
from surveys in 1973 and 1974 are given in this report, along with other ocean-
ographic data obtained during a June 27 - July 1, 1974 cruise.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Oceanographic data
Sewage disposal
Sludge disposal
Waste disposal
New York Bight
Total suspended matter
Pollutant transport
Pollutant dispersal
o8/C,A,J
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
74
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
66
ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978-796-299/95 REGION 10
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