United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA-600/8-80-041
June 1980
Research and Development
v'/EPA ORD '80
The Organization
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United States EPA-600/8-80-041
Environmental Protection June 1980
Agency
Research and Development
ORD '80
The Organization
Contents
Introduction 1
EPA Research Committees 9
Office of Exploratory Research 17
Office of Research Program Management 24
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support 29
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology 37
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research 45
Office of Health Research 52
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment 64
Center for Environmental Research Information,
Cincinnati, OH 70
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, NC 75
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH ... „ 83
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory,
Las Vegas, NV 90
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, NC ." 98
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH 107
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH 116
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, NC 127
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory,
Ada, OK 1 35
Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 144
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 152
Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN 159
Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL 1 67
Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rl 1 74
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, NC 1 83
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 196
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research
Triangle Park, NC 207
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH 212
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Introduction
ORD's Mission and
Functions
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Research and Development supports the Agency's
mission of protecting the environment and human
health by providing a wide range of research and
development support to the regulatory standard setting
and enforcement functions of the agency.
The research and development program provides:
• The scientific data and information needed to
determine health and environmental criteria.
• The technological basis required to develop
environmental control standards.
• Measurement methods and agency-wide quality
assurance techniques for accurate and reliable
quantification of environmental conditions for
assessments, implementation and standards
enforcement.
• Cost-effective pollution control technology
alternatives and incentives for choosing
environmentally sound options.
• Scientific, technical, socioecono m ic and
institutional approaches to balancing environmental
management options in the context of competing
national needs.
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1 1
Office of Office of Research
Exploratory Program
Research Management
(202) 755-0455 (2o2) 755-2606
Operations Office
Deputy Director
Alan Neuschatz '
(202) 755- 2590
Technical
Information Office
Deputy Director J
Calvin Lawrence*
(202) 755-0468
Center for
Environmental
Research
Information
Cincinnati, OH
Calvin Lawrence
(513) 684-7394
Senior ORD
Official
Research Triangle
Park, NC
• Dr. John K. Burchard
Support Services
Office, RTP
Dr Paul A Kenlme
Senior ORD
Official
Cincinnati, OH
Dr DavidG Stephan
Support Services
Office, Cincinnati
Robert Carr
I
Office of the
Principal Science
Advisor
(202) 755-0477
1
Office of
Monitoring &
Technical Support
Deputy Assistant
Administrator
Dr. Courtney Riordan
(202) 426-2206
Assoc. Deputy
Asst. Administrator
Matthew H. Bills
(202) 426-4452
Program
Operations Staff
• Ross K Robeson
(202) 755-6403
Quality Assurance
and Monitoring
Systems Division
Charles Brunot
(202) 426-2026
Technical Support
Division
Dr. William Lacy,
(202)426-2387
National Workforce
Development Staff
Donald Cook
(202) 755-2937
Environmenta
Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr. Thomas Mauser
Environmenta
Monitoring and
Support Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
Dwight G. Ballinger
Environmenta
Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, NV
Glenn Schweitzer
Office of
Environmental
Engineering fit
Technology
Deputy Assistant
Adm n strator
Dr. Steven Reznek
(202) 755-4857
Assoc. Deputy
Asst. Adm nistrator
Dr. Kurt Riegel
Program
Operations Staff
Richard Hardesty
(202) 426-2507
Waste Management
Division
W. A. Rosenkranz
(202) 426-4567
Industrial
Environmental
Research
Laboratory —
Cincinnati, OH
Dr DavidG Stephan
Energy Processes
Division
Frank Princiotta
(202) 755-0205
Industrial &
Extractive
Processes Division
Carl Schafer
(202) 755-9014
Program
Integration and
Policy Staff
Lowell Smith*
(202) 755-2737
Industrial
Environmental
Research
m Laboratory
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr John K. Burchard
Municipal
Environmental
Research
™ Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
Francis Mayo
are available on each laboratory's organization chart.
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Office of Research and Development
Assistant Administrator
Dr. Stephen J. Gage
(202) 755-2600
Associate Assistant Administrator
(202) 755:0122
Office of
Environmental
Processes & Effects
Research
Deputy Assistant
Administrator
Dr. Allan Hirsch
(202) 426-0803
Assoc. Deputy
Asst. Adm n strator
Clinton Hall
Program
Operations Staff ,
Patricia Neuschatz
(202) 426-4255
Toxics and
Pesticides Division
Dr. William Murray
(202)426-1533
Water and Land
Division
Vacant
(202) 426-1533
Robert S. Kerr
Environmental
Research
Laboratory ""
Ada, OK
William C. Galegar
Environmental
Research
Laboratory "•
Athens. GA
Dr. D. W. Duttweiler
Environmental
Research
Laboratory _
Corvallis, Or
Dr Thomas Murphy
Energy and Air
Division
Vacant
(202) 426-3974
Integrated Pest
Management
Program
Darw n Wright
(202) 426-2407
Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory
" Research Triangle
Park. NC
Dr Alfred H. Ellison
Environmental
Research
„ Laboratory
Duluth, MN
Dr Norbert Jaworsk
Environmental
Research
• Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, FL
Dr. Henry F. Enos
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Narragansett, Rl
Dr. Tudor T Davies
1 1
Office of Health
Research
Deputy Assistant
Administrator
Dr Vilma R. Hunt
(202) 426-2382
Assoc. Deputy
Asst. Administrator
Dr. Roger Cortesi
Program
Operations Staff
Robert Cahill
(202) 755-9210
Air, Noise and
Radiation Division
Vacant
(202) 245-3025
Water and Toxics
Division
Vacant
(202) 755-9210
Health Effects
Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
Dr. R. John Garner
Health Effects
Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr. F. Gordon Heuter
Office of Health and
Environmental
Assessment
Dr E. L Anderson
(202) 755-3968
Planning and
Policy Staff
Charles Ris
(202) 755-0650
Exposure
Assessment Group
Vacant
Reproductive
Effects
Assessment Group
Dr. Peter Voytek
Carcinogen
Assessment Group
Dr. E. L Anderson
(202) 755-3968
Environmental
Criteria and
Assessment Office ,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr. Lester Grant
Environmental
Criteria and
Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH
Dr Jerry F Stara
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Stephen J. Gage
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Honors:
Assistant Administrator for Research and
Development—Washington. D.C.
University of Nebraska, B.S., 1962
Purdue University, M.S., 1964
Purdue University, Ph.D. (Nuclear Engineering), 1966
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development,
EPA, 1978-Present
Acting Assistant Administrator for Research and
Development, EPA, 1977
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Energy, Minerals,
and Industry, EPA, 1975-1977
Acting Director, Office of Energy Research, EPA,
1974-1975
Senior Staff Member for Energy Programs, Council on
Environmental Quality, 1972-1974
White House Fellow, White House Office of Science and
Technology, 1971-1973
Associate Professor, University of Texas, 1970-1971
Director, University Nuclear Reactor Laboratory,
University of Texas, 1966-1970
Faculty, Engineering Department, University of Texas,
1965-1966
American Nuclear Society
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Distinguished Engineering Alumnus, Purdue
University, 1975
Outstanding Faculty Awards, Engineering Foundation
University of Texas, 1966, 1967, 1970
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Key Participants in ORD Planning and
Management
The management processes of the Office of Research
and Development are designed to encourage the
participation of many individuals. In this section the key
participants in the ORD planning and management
system are briefly introduced. The section moves from
ORD itself to consider other participants and their
influence on ORD planning and management.
Organization Structure
The Office of Research and Development is headed by
the Assistant Administrator, whose function is to direct
and coordinate all of the research activities of the office.
This includes developing and implementing policy
guidance and targets for planning, budgeting and
controlling resources and activities. The Assistant
Administrator reports directly to the EPA Administrator.
He interprets the needs of ORD's clients and sets broad
program goals and objectives to meet them, supporting
these decisions with appropriate resource allocation and
management control of operations. The Assistant
Administrator receives technical guidance from the
Office of the Principal Science Advisor and guidance on
the administering of EPA's anticipatory and extramural
grant research from the Office of Exploratory Research.
The Assistant Administrator is also supported-by staff
from the Office of Research Program Management
(ORPM). The Operations Office of ORPM is responsible
for coordinating long-range planning, the Budget, and
the development of the Operating Plan, in addition to
providing administrative services. The Regional Services
staff acts as a link between ORD and the. Agency's
regional offices. TheTechnical Information Office serves
as the communications policy and management
information center for ORD.
The Assistant Administrator delegates more detailed
objective setting, resource allocation and day-to-day
control of operations both in headquarters and the field
laboratories to the Deputy Assistant Administrators.
They make recommendations to the Assistant
Administrator on the long-range planning for their
organizations, represent the Assistant Administrator in
planning and resource allocation discussions for their
organizations with their clients in other parts of the
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Agency, provide planning and operating guidance to the
laboratories, and make daily management decisions for
their organization.
The field laboratories which conduct the research report
to the Deputy Assistant Administrators. The Laboratory
Directors representthe Deputy Assistant Administrators
in day-to-day management of research programs,
prepare budgets and operating plansfortheir laboratory,
employ their technical knowledge in the various
planning committees, and are responsible for the quality
and timeliness of ORD's research products.
Agency Participation
Because the ORD program is designed primarily to
support the EPA regulatory functions, ORD planning and
management is influenced primarily by the planning and
management of the rest of the Agency. ORD also plays a
major role in conducting long-range research to look
beyond the immediate concerns of the regulatory
programs and to anticipate important future information
needs.
At the top management level, the Assistant
Administrator for ORD reports directly to the EPA
Administrator. The Administrator is repsonsible for the
development of Agency strategy, defining Agency policy,
balancing the needs for increased emphasis in one
program area versus another, and determining the
appropriate allocation of abatement and control,
enforcement, and research and development resources
to each program area.
Reporting to the Administrator are five other Assistant
Administrators, four of whom head the organizations
charged with overall coordination of environmental
regulatory development and enforcement of existing
regulations in a specific area. These are: the Office of
Water and Waste Management, the Office of Toxic
Substances, the Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation, and
the Office of Enforcement. Each of these Offices is
further divided by broad program area, or media as they
are known in EPA, such as Air, Solid Waste, etc. The
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation thus has an
organization corresponding to each of these media. The
Office of Enforcement contains organizations
corresponding to all the media. These organizations are
known as Program Offices, and they are ORD's principal
clients, playing a major role m defining the ORD
research program to support their scientific and
technical information requirements. The fifth Office
reporting to the Administrator is the Office of Planning
and Management (OPM), which is responsible for
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coordinating all Agency planning, budgeting and
reporting efforts and for maintaining an analytic capacity
to undertake program reviews of all aspects of the
Agency's performance. 0PM also manages the Agency
reporting system, which tracks the actual versus
planned performance of all the principal Agency
programs. The system includes planned ORD outputs
and milestones.
Ten Regional Offices implement EPA policies on a local
level and keep in close touch with local environmental
conditions and governmental agencies. The Regional
Offices participate in Agency planning both in the
preparation of their own plans and budget and by
reviewing Program Office and ORD budget proposals
and in representation on various Agency planning
committees. The Regions are EPA's front line. By
monitoring the environments in their areas they help
identify new research needs and opportunities. They are
also the principal users of ORD technical support and
work closely with the states in defining research needs.
The final Agency organization influencing research
planning and management is the Science Advisory
Board (SAB). Although formally a part of the Agency's
organization, the SAB Committees are staffed primarily
by outside consultants (academicians, researchers,
industry representatives and environmentalists) whose
function is to provide the Administrator with
independent advice on issues relating to the scientific
and technical approaches devised to address these
problems and recommendations on the relative
priorities among them.
Some 60 percent of the SAB's work is directly related to
ORD. In some cases the SAB makes recommendations
on specific aspects of the policies (for example, criteria
documents) which affect the research program, while in
others the SAB makes direct recommendations on
aspects of ORD management.
Research Committees
The previous description has focused on the Agency's
organization and ORD's participation in the Agency
planning and management system. While that system
has a substantial impact on research planning and
management it does not define client needs or ORD
responses in enough detail to form a controllable
planning agreement between ORD and its clients. This is
achieved by the Research Committee.
ORD is organized functionally to promote the internal
operating efficiencies. The client's research needs,
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however, are frequently multi-disciplinary, so that
different parts of ORD may all be working on separate
aspects of a research program for a particular Program
Office. This requires considerable internal coordination.
At the same time other Program Offices and ORD must
make decisions on the mix of long-term anticipatory
research and short-term research to meet regulatory
needs of each program area, so that ORD can be
responsive and provide a balanced research program.
The research committee system was developed to
address these needs for coordination and
responsiveness and to create a stable environment for
the conduct of research.
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EPA Research Committees
Oxidants
This section describes the research and development
program which falls within the purview of the Oxidants
Research Committee. The Clean Air Act Amendments of
1977 mandated that EPA review and, where
appropriate, revise the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards and the criteria upon which they are based.
The major goal of the Oxidants research program is to
provide an updated data base to support the mainten-
ance or revision of the Ambient Air Quality Standards for
ozone, photochemical oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and
carbon monoxide. To improve the data base for these
pollutants, the Office of Research and Development's
research activities in this area can be placed in the
following categories:
1. animal lexicological, clinical and epidemiological
studies to determine the health effects of these
pollutants;
2. studies to detect, understand and predict the
impact of these pollutants on terrestrial and
aquatic biota;
3. studies on the transport and fate of these
pollutants in the atmosphere;
4. research on the development of new instruments
and methodologies;
5. research on hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide
control technologies.
Hazardous Air Pollutants
This section describes the research and development
program which falls within the purview of the Hazardous
Air Pollutants Research Committee. Thus far, ORD's
research on hazardous air pollutants has focused on
vinylchloride, benzene, mercury, cadmium, asbestos,
and beryllium. However, EPA has recently developed
and implemented an Airborne Carcinogen policy in an
effort to systematically regulate and control hazardous
air pollutants. Therefore, emphasis will be shifting from
research on heavy metals to more research on organic
chemicals that are suspected of being carcinogens.
The following represents ORD's major categories of
research needs for hazardous air pollutants:
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1. identification and characterization of potential
carcinogens in the ambient air;
2. development of quantitative risk assessments;
3. development of control technology techniques;
4. characterization of non-carcinogenic health
effects;
5. animal toxicological studies to determine the
effects and pathways of exposure to hazardous air
pollutants from fossil fuel facilities;
6. research to develop and validate field
measurement technologies for hazardous air
pollutants; and
7. research on the effects of indoor air pollutants.
Mobile Sources
The research program in the purview of the Mobile
Sources Research Committee is described in this
section. The goals of the program are to:
1. provide a health data base on effects from
exposure to air pollutants from diesel vehicles;
2. assess the environmental impacts of advanced
automotive power systems and pollution control
devices; and
3. validate and standardize measurement systems
for automotive pollutants.
Gases and Particles
This sect ion describes the activities under the purview of
the Gases and Particles Research Committee (GAPRC).
The goals of the GAPRC research program are to:
1. provide a health data base on the effects of
exposure to sulfur dioxide, lead, and particles in
the inhalable size range;
2. provide information on the transport, fate, and
environmental impacts of gaseous and paniculate
air pollutants;
3. develop improved technologies for the control of
sulfur dioxide and paniculate emissions;
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4. develop, validate and standardize measurement
systems for these pollutants;
5. provide an improved health data base on the
effects of exposure to energy-related criteria and
non-criteria pollutants;
6. describe the rate and character of primary
emissions from fossil fuel production and their
transport, transformation, deposition, and
ecological effects;
7. develop measurement technology for routine
monitoring of source and ambient levels of
energy-related air pollution; and
8. develop and evaluate technologies to control
aerosol and sulfur oxide emissions.
Water Quality
This section describes the research and development
program for the Water Quality Research Committee. The
goal of this research program is to provide sound
scientific information and assessment methods
necessary to support the development of water quality
criteria and standards and cost-effective water quality
management strategies, and to provide the health and
environmental implications of increased development of
water quality. The program also identifies impacts of oil
and gas drilling and exploration operations on marine
estuarine ecosystems.
The program focuses in particular on:
1. the development of a toxic substances data base
and scientific assessments on which to set water
quality criteria;
2. an evaluation of the impacts of non-point source
pollution;
3. the development of watershed managementtools;
4. a determination of the impacts of dredged material
disposal, especially pertaining to wetlands;
5. an evaluation of lake control techniques; and
6. the development of the necessary monitoring
methods and quality assurance to support these
program areas. It also supports two regional
ecosystem studies—i.e., an indepth assessment of
pollutant stress on Chesapeake Bay and a
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definition of optimum water quality management
strategies for the Bay, as well as a characterization
of pollution problems in the Great Lakes and the
development of control strategies.
Municipal Wastewater and 'Spill Prevention
This section describes a portion of the research and
development program which relates to the Municipal
Wastewater and Spill Prevention Research Committee
and is also of interest to the Solid Waste Research
Committee. The goals of this program are to:
1. provide technical information on the design,
operation, cost and performance relationships of
municipal pollution control technology
alternatives; and
2. provide technical information needed to prevent
the accidental release of oil and hazardous
materials to the environment and to mitigate the
environmental effects of such a release.
The program focuses on:
1. municipal wastewater treatment, including
innovative and alternative methods;
2. sludge processing, use and disposal;
3. control of toxics in Publicly Owned Treatment
Works (POTW's);
4. control of oil and hazardous materials discharged
to the environment.
5. control of wet weather pollution from combined
sewers and urban stormwaters; and
6. Jmprovement in the operation and reliability of
POTW's.
Industrial Wastewater
This section describes the research and development
programs for the Industrial Wastewater Research
Committee. The goal of this research program is to
provide sound technical information on cost-effective
controls of industrial pollutant discharges.
Major areas of activity include:
1. characterization and assessment of industrial
sources;
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2. development, evaluation and demonstration of
control methods;
3. development and demonstration of recycle/reuse
systems; and
4. research pertaining to power plant effluents and
mining activities.
Drinking Water
This section describes the research and development
program in the purview of the Drinking Water Research
Committee. The overall goal of the program focuses on
providing safe supplies of drinking water in the U.S.
More specifically, the program is aimed at identifying
contaminants, determining the nature and extent of
their health risks, insuring the development of treatment
processes to minimize contaminants posing health risks,
and insuring that reliable and accurate analytical
methods are available for research, regulation develop-
ment and compliance.
Subject areas of concern to the Drinking Water Research
Committee are: organic contaminants; inorganic
contaminants; microbiological contaminants; quality
assurance; and groundwater, a major source of drinking
water in this country.
Solid Waste
This section describes the research and development
program for the Solid Waste Research Committee. The
goal of the program is to provide the technical informa-
tion needed to support sound solid and hazardous waste
management strategies—from reduction in the
generation of waste through recovery and/or disposal.
The program includes:
1. the characterization of hazardous wastes,
including monitoring and quality assurance;
2. the development and testing of technologies to
treat and contain hazardous wastes;
3. the assessment of risks associated with hazardous
wastes; and
4. the development of a balanced program to manage
non-hazardous wastes.
Pesticides
This section describes the research and development
program within the purview of the Pesticides Research
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Committee. The main goal of this portion of the program
is to develop scientifically sound, legally defensible data
required to support Agency Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) decisions and
litigations on pesticides. These data are required on the
major classes of pesticides now registered by EPA and in
common use, as well as on chemicals considered as
possible substitutes for cancelled pesticides.
The pesticides research program providesscientificdata
to support FIFRA activities by means of the Health
Research, Environmental Processes and Effects
Research, and Monitoring and Quality Assurance
programs. In addition, this program provides resources
for investigating biological methods for controlling
pests, to be used as alternatives to or to be integrated
with chemical pesticides for management of agricultural
and urban pests (Integrated Pest Management), and
Quality Assurance methods for tests and other protocols
required for risk assessment. The program places
emphasis on three basic elements necessary to evaluate
overall human health and.environmental hazards from
pesticides:
1. identification of populations at risk;
2. assessment of exposures; and
3. determination of adverse effects.
Radiation
This section describes the research and development
program which corresponds to the Radiation Research
Committee..The major goal of EPA's multidisciplinary
radiation research program is to provide data on the
health effects of nonionizing radiation. This information
is needed to support the development of an environ-
mental radiofrequency radiation exposure guidance
package to be issued by the Office of Radiation
Programs. ORD's radiation program can be broken down
into the following major research categories:
1. research on the health effects of nonionizing
radiation;
2. off-site radiation safety and surveillance services
for the Department of Energy (DOE) at and around
the Nevada Test Site and at other test sites around
the country; and
3. quality assurance for the radiation research
program; and
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4. technical assistance and support during nuclear
emergency episodes.
Testing and Assessment
This section describes the research and development
program within the purview of the Chemical Test ing and
Assessment Research Committee. The aim of this
portion of the program is to provide accurate, scientif-
ically rigorous, timely information to support decisions to
regulate and control man-made toxic materials in the
environment. The four overall goals which provide the
framework for ORD's toxic substances research
program are:
1. to provide specialized technical assistance to
resolve complex problems;
2. to develop research capabilities to meet imple-
mentation timeframes for the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA);
3. to develop a comprehensive, long-range program
to continuously refine test methods and
assessment schemes; and
4. to build continuity and stability into the program to
meet future challenges.
The research program supports TSCA activities by
means of programs in Environmental Processes and
Effects Research, Control Technology, Health Research,
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance work,
Stratospheric Modification Research, and a program at
the National Center for Toxico logical Research. Thro ugh
these research programs, the toxic substances research
program provides techniques for evaluating the human
health and environmental hazards of toxic substances in
support of sections 4, 5, and 10 of TSCA.
Energy
The major goal of EPA's Energy Research Committee is
to provide information necessary to develop scientif-
ically defensible policies that strike a balance between
domestic energy production, reasonable cost and
environmental quality. To achieve this objective EPA's
energy program is divided into two major areas:
1. research on the health and environmental effects
stemming from energy processes, and
2. research to develop cost-effective pollution
control technologies. Over the next five years the
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energy program will be responsible for developing
information that supports the establishment and
implementation of t e c h n o I og y - b a s e d
environmental guidelines and standards for
pollutants associated with the commercialization
of synthetic fuel facilities. Therefore, this program
addresses multi-media environmental problems
associated with the rapidly expanding synthetic
fuels industry. It also contains EPA's research
program on acid precipitation.
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Office of Exploratory
Research
Washington, D.C.
The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is being
established to improve ORD's overall capability to
perform long-range research and analysis of emerging
problems. The formation of OER will also result in an
improvement in the quality of research and research
results. Specifically, OER will:
• Serve as an organizational focal point for long-range
research, the identification of emerging problems
and environmental concerns, and for planning and
program development of research in response to
these concerns.
• Develop and implement a peer panel review system
for all ORD grant applications to ensure those
funded are of high scientific quality.
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Dennis A. Tirpak
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Honors:
Acting Director, Office of Exploratory Research,
Office of Research and Development
Catholic University, Washington, D.C., B.E., 1963
Catholic University, Washington, D.C., M.S., 1965
American University, Washington, D.C., 1971
Acting Director, Office of Exploratory Research,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1979-Present
Director, Anticipatory Research Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1978-1979
Special Assistant for Anticipatory Research to the
Assistant Administrator for Research and
Development, Environmental Protection Agency,
1977-1978
Presidential Interchange Executive, Aluminum
Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
1976-1977
Deputy Director for Planning and Review, Office of
Research and Development, Environmental
Protection Agency, 1975-1976
Program Manager/Senior Technical Advisor,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1971-1975
Business Development Specialist, EG&G, Inc.,
Arlington, Virginia, 1969-1971
Program Manager, Hydrospace Research Corporation,
Rockville, Maryland, 1965-1969
Sigma Xi
Water Pollution Control Federation
American Association for Advancement of Science
Dean's List, Catholic University, Washington, D.C.
EPA Outstanding Performance Award (two times)
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Office of Exploratory Research
Director
Dennis Tirpak
Management
Operations Staff
Dr R Shapek
Office of Research
Grants and Centers
Dr Richard Marland
Office of Strategic
Analysis and
Special Studies
Deputy Director
John Reuss*
*Acting
FTS Telephone No. 755-0455
Commercial Telephone No. (202) 755-0455
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$937 $2,373
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$1,222 $5,622
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 20
Recent
Accomplishments
• Exploratory Research Centers—Three were
established in FY 1979 and four more are being
established in 1980.
• Solicitation of Grant Applications—Four peer review
panels have been established and have met to
review applications from throughout the country.
• Minority Research Apprenticeship Program—To be
initiated by ORD laboratories in the summer of 1980.
This program provides minority high school students
attracted to science an opportunity to work in a
laboratory with a scientific/technical mentor.
• Acid Rain Program—Published a joint US-
Canada report on the long-range transport of
air pollutants. The report indicated the effects
of acid rain were more widespread than
thought, and that Canadian sources were
responsible for more than half the sulfur
deposits within Canada's border. EPA is
assisting the State Department in trying to
negotiate an air pollution agreement with
Canada.
• Expansion of Monitoring Stations—In
conjunction with NOAA and the Department of
Agriculture, EPA is providing quality
assurance support and has developed a data
management system.
20
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• Published Benefits Research—An Interim report on
the national health benefits of reduced air pollution
and the overall benefits of such reductions in the Los
Angeles Basin. This report suggests that the health
benefits from cleaning up air pollution particles
appear to be substantially greater than the costs of
controlling all air pollutants from stationary sources,
that aesthetic benefits (such as improved visibility)
and reduced illness dominate air pollution benefits
as opposed to previous emphasis on reduced
mortality, and that many such economic benefits
previously thought non-measurable can now be
measured.
• Environmental Outlook 1980—Released in June
1980. The 1980 report is the first attempt to produce
a comprehensive environmental overview. The
report provides historical trends information on
public opinion about environmental policy and
forecasts future trends for a number of pollutants.
The environmental implications of these trends are
also discussed. In addition to societal trends,
coverage includes chapters on air pollutants,
drinking water, water resources, ocean pollution,
solid and hazardous wastes, toxic substances,
radiation, noise and energy and the environment.
Research Program 1. Office of Research Grants and Centers
• Center Support
In fiscal year 1979, ORD initiated an
Exploratory Research Centers Program which
utilizes the expertise and resources of
institutions and organizations, generally
universities, to conduct long-term research.
Research at these centers is directed toward
anticipated future environmental problems
and toward problems requiring further
exploratory research.
• Grants Program
In 1980, ORD is initiating a centralized
exploratory grants program, characterized by
nationwide solicitation for grant proposals and
a subsequent peer review panel process. This
new grants program responds to several
studies and reports, raising concerns about the
quality of EPA's research and development
activities. EPA is soliciting nationally for
proposals to encourage applications from an
increased number of experienced researchers,
especially those who have not previously
27
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received EPA extramural research funding
assistance. All applications are being
evaluated by Peer Review Panels composed
primarily of non-EPA scientists acknowledged
as experts in their fields.
• Minority Institution Research Support (MIRS)
The MIRS program promotes environmental
research at minority institutions by identifying
existing and potential environmental research
capability within minority institutions and
assisting these institutions in participating in
EPA's research activities. The MIRS program
awards contracts and grants to minority
institutions in support of ORD research
objectives.
• National Environmental Workforce
The national workforce development program
provides agency-wide coordination and
management overview of the agency's
environmental workforce development
policies, program, and activities with other
Federal agencies (Department of Labor,
Department of Education, National Science
Foundation and the Tennessee Valley
Authority). Training and educational
assistance programs have been developed to
aid State and local environmental agencies in
meeting their workforce needs.
2. Office of Strategic Analysis and Special Studies
The strategic analysis and special studies program
consists of six major components: environmental
forecasting and assessment; environmental
benefits research; environmental indicators
research; innovative research; acid rain research
and cancer research.
• The environmental forecasting and
assessment component is designed to identify
potentially significant future environmental
trends and contingencies and assess their
public health, public welfare, and
environmental policy implications.
• The environmental benefits research
component develops and tests improved
methods for determining the benefits of
national and regional programs and
representative regulations.
22
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• The research on environmental indicators is
directed toward development of bio-
monitoring and other indicators for identifying
and assessing trends, including trends in
particular pollutants.
• The innovative research component is a
competitive awards program which provides
support for new ideas at the forefront of
environmental research and analysis.
• Acid rain research is focused in the areas of
monitoring, atmospheric processes, and
effects, including: aquatic, terrestrial, drinking
water and materials effects.
• The cancer research component is directed
toward identifying and characterizing the ways
in which human beings are exposed to
carcinogens in the environment.
23
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Office of Research
Program Management
Washington, D.C.
Mission Principal staff office to the Assistant Administrator on
matters relating to budgeting, program
planning/review/integration/coordination, technical
information transfer, resource management, policy
development and administrative operations; ORD focal
point for the coordination and management of matters
relating to the Agency Steering Committee and Science
Advisory Board.
24
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Samuel R. Rondberg Director. Office of Research Program Management-
Washington, D.C.
Education: Washington University, A.B., 1959
Washington University, Graduate School of Arts and
Sciences, 1959-1963
Stanford University, Certificate in Systematic Analysis,
1968
Professional
Experience: Director, Office of Research Program Management,
Office of Research and Development, EPA,
April 1978-Present
Acting Director, Office of Planning and Review, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, 1977-1978
Program Manager for Research and Development
Review, Office of Planning and Management, EPA,
1974-1977
Project Manager, Office of Research and Development,
Urban Mass Transportation Administration,
Department of Transportation, 1970-1974
Assistant Director for Special Studies, Planning Service,
Department of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Veterans
Administration, 1965-1970
Captain, U.S. Army (Commanding Officer, USAEFIS),
Raleigh NC, 1963-1965
Research Associate, Washington University,
1962-1963
Intern, Washington University, School of Medicine,
1961-1962
Teaching Assistant, Washington University, 1960-1961
Honors: EPA Commendation and Award, 1978
DOT Commendation and Award, 1972
Fellow in Systematic Analysis, Stanford University,
1967-1968
25
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Special Assistant
for Facilities,
Occupational
Health and Safety
Thomas J. King
Office of Research Program
Management
Director
Samuel Rondberg
Special Assistant
Science Advisory
Board and Agency
Steering
Committee
Theodore Just
Deputy Director
for Program
Operations
Alan Neuschatz
Special Assistant
for Congressional
Liaison
Dorothy McManus
Deputy Director
for Technical
Information
Calvin Lawrence*
"Acting
FTS Telephone No. 755-2606
Commercial Telephone No. (202) 755-2606
Center for
Environmental
Research
Information
Director
Calvin Lawrence
26
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1.000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$1,872 $613
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$2,756
Personnel
Doctorate
1
Full-time EPA Personnel = 55
Program Areas
1. Administrative Management Staff—Provide
adminstrative and financial-support services to
the ORD Headquarters components; coordinate
administrative matters for ORD field components.
Establish administrative policies and procedures
for ORD in amplification of, or in addition to
Agency policies. Provide analyses of new or
proposed legislation, Agency issuances, and other
documents for impact on ORD and its program
responsibilities. Coordinate administrative
aspects of ORD foreign activities.
2. Planning Staff—Develop and administer the
formal ORD planning, budgeting, reporting and
review system. Included is the development of
recommendations on ORD programs, e.g., identify
and develop alternative program goals, priorities,
objectives, and research plans Recommend
resource targets and major objectives for the
operating components of ORD. Allocate resources
and develop and operate internal ORD fiscal and
staffing controls. Serve as focal point in the annual
Agency-wide ZBB activity.
3. Program Coordination Staff—Through the
research committee systems coordinates
preparation of ORD program plans and budgets
within ORD and with other Agency, Prograjn, and
Regional Offices and external scientific and users'
groups. Recommend and conduct reviews and
evaluations of programs to determine
27
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responsiveness to Agency strategies and ORD
plans, including the development of appropriate
criteria to measure program performance.
4. Regional Services Staff— Coordinate and review a
comprehensive program to provide inter-
communication and assistance on all matters of
mutual interest and responsibility of the Agency's
Regional Offices and ORD. These matters include:
assistance to identify and develop Regional
requirements for research, development and
demonstration; assistance to obtain Regional
needs for information on ORD programs and
results; assurance of communication to each
Reg ion on on-going and proposed ORD activities in
the Region; obtaining Regional assistanceforORD
activities.
5. Technical Information Office—Plan, coordinate,
and review a comprehensive program to:
• disseminate and exchange scientific and
technical information, includingthetransferof
technology;
• provide technical expertise and management
assistance in the foregoing area. Develop
broad, long-range policy guidelines.
Coordinate ORD information activities with
other Agency components, the Federal
Government, and the private sector. Review
program plans and operations to assure
compliance with information policies.
Supervise development of plans for and track
the usage of ADP resources throughout ORD.
Develop and implement management
information system within ORD.
6. Center for Environmental Research Information-
See Section on Center for Environmental
Research Information.
28
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Office of Monitoring and
Technical Support
Washington, D.C.
Mission Provide ongoing support functions to the Agency's
Program and Regional Offices. Specific activities are:
• Provide techniques, equipment and systems for the
measurement and monitoring of environmental
pollutants at sources, in ambients and in receptors.
• Develop methods, systems and materials for an
Agency-wide monitoring data quality assurance
program. Operate this program to quantitatively
determine the confidence level of all monitoring data
used by EPA to support its functions.
• Develop methods and devices for quantifying and
monitoring the total exposure of receptors to
environmental pollutants.
• Provide technical support for solving problems of the
Agency Program and Regional offices.
• Promote development of a nati'onal environmental
workforce in assisting states, localities and other
employers to become self-sufficient in manpower
for nationally mandated environmental programs.
• Operate the Agency's Minority Institutions
Research Program to promote the "participation of
the Nation's minority institutions in environmental
research and.development.
• Coordinate the Agency-wide Mandatory Quality
Assurance Program to assure known accuracy of
environmental monitoring data.
29
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Courtney Riordan
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Monitoring and
Technical Support, Office of Research and
Development—Washington, D.C.
Northeastern University, BSCE, 1963
Cornell University, Ph.D., 1969
George Washington University, J.D., 1979
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Monitoring and
Technical Support, ORD, EPA, 1979-Present
Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator for
Environmental Processes and Effects Research, ORD,
EPA, 1978-1979
Director, Media Quality Management Division, Office of
Air, Land and Water Use, ORD, EPA, 1976-1978
Chief, Economic Evaluation Branch, Office of Radiation
Programs, EPA, 1974-1976
Staff Engineer, Office of Technical Analysis, Office of
Enforcement and General Counsel, EPA, 1973-1974;
1971-1972
Assistant Professor, Policy Planning and Regional
Analysis, 1969-1971; 1972-1973
Instructor, Policy Planning and Regional Analysis,
1967-1969
Specialist Third Class, U.S Army, 1955-1958
Water Pollution Control Federation
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Honors: Tau Beta Pi, Phi Kappa Phi
30
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Office of Monitoring & Technical
Support
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Dr. Courtney Riordan
Assae. Deputy Assistant Administrator
Matthew H. Bills
Quality Assurance
Systems Division
C E. Hrunot
Systems
LaliuieUury
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dn Thomas Hauser
Technical Support
Division
Dr. William Lacy
Program
Staff
H. K_ Robesorr
IU[uuii.ui ing anct
Support Laboratory
Cincinnati, QH
D. W. Ballirrger
Enviruiuiietuaf
Systems
Laboratory
Las Vegas, IW -
Qen Schweitzer
FTS Telephone No. 426-22O2
Commercial Telephone No. (2OZ) 426 2202
31
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Research Program FY 1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $16,464 $15,828 $15,830 $21,124
($1.000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 341
Research Program The OMTS research program is implemented by the
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratories located in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada.
1. Research
• Development of Monitoring Measurement
Systems—Achieve total monitoring systems
that are accurate, simple, standardized and
cost-effective and that fulfill the operational
environmental monitoring requirements of
Federal, State and local governments and the
private sector. Review monitoring methods
and instruments. Evaluate performance of
research prototypes, literature methods and
commercial developments; adapt such
methods and devices to field operating
requirements. Conduct improvement
research, development and engineering on
deficient new concepts and advanced methods
of pollutant measurement and monitoring for
research and field applications. Specific
activities include:
— Improve criteria air pollutant standard
reference methods and continuous air
analyzers.
— Develop field methods for monitoring non-
criteria, hazardous air pollutants.
32
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— Develop and demonstrate a national fine
particulate monitoring network.
— Develop and demonstrate systems to
support air health epidemiological studies.
— Develop, test and demonstrate methods for
priority-list toxic pollutants in water,
sediments and sludges.
— Develop methods for biological and
microbiological monitoring, and for
concentration and measurement of viruses
in water.
— Develop automated laboratory manage-
ment systems, computerized instrument
operation and data handling.
— Design and optimize monitoring networks
and systems.
— Develop aerial and remote pollutant
sensing techniques.
— Develop methods and devices to quantify
and monitor total exposure of receptors to
pollutants, singly and in combination, in
each media and integrated over all
exposure transport pathways.
• Quality Assurance Program—Provide
accurate and cost-effective total monitoring
systems to include sampling techniques,
analytical methods, and data management
procedures; provide materials, guidelines and
services to ensure that all envirorfmental data
based upon these techniques and procedures
are statistically valid and legally defensible;
and provide continuous review and evaluation
of monitoring activities and programs. Specific
activities are:
— Statistically validate and standardize total
measurement systems (development of site
selection criteria, auxiliary data taking,
sample collection, and transport analysis of
samples and data evaluation).
— Test, evaluate and certify equivalency of
alternates to standard methods.
— Develop and distribute standard reference
materials; prepare and distribute quality
control guidelines and procedures.
33
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Evaluate monitoring .activities (evaluation
iQf facilities, equipment, operators,
procedures and .performance).
Develop auto mated quality assurance
systems -(application .of minicomputers .to
laboratory instruments, data-screening, and
-statistical quality contra!).
Develop and participate in Regional (quality
.control workshops, .conferences arid
serrjinars-
2, Wecftmcal Support
* Teofanicaf Serv/ces So .^ftgency Operating
Programs—Provide technical assistance, ORD
(expertise, feralities .and equipment .to ORD
Agency Program .and Regional Offices. Such
assistance 'includes:
— Special 'capabilities im operating complex
iOii^tsdienient '33^3 :nni9fiii0f'im9 sysleiiis ainsfl
analytical meftrods to uljldij.i data .for
.Tegulation development and enforcement.
— Assistance in monitoring system design
and 'data analysis; conduct .of field
operations .and instrument calibration.
— Expert testimony at iheaiings and '.legal
proceedings.
— Development of'Criteria documents.
— iPartimpation m standard setting .and
Tegia'latioTi development
— Technical consultation .and problem
solving.
— Emergency services 'for evaluation .and
coTltTo.1 actions iregaTdrmg poUiution
emergencies and .episodes; s,pecial aerial
Tnonitoring assistance for the ioi'1 spill
prevention, compJiiance 'and control
.progra:m.
— Demonstrate new ^technology or systems
such .as tfee ENVJRD-POD for an -aeria]
:monitor.rng capability at the T«jiona3, state
and local level.
-------
• Operate the Agency Minority Institutions
Research Support Program—Promote
enhancement of minority institutions
capabilities for participation in National
environmental research programs.
— Identify special capabilities in minority
institutions in disciplinary areas of EPA
research interest
— Encourage and assist minority institutions
in preparing research proposals.
— Obtain shared support of proposals from
ORD Offices and Laboratories.
— Award research grants.
3. Workforce Development and University Relations
• National Workforce Development—Promote
education, curriculum development,
workforce planning, on-the-job training,
employee licensing and certification, and
related services to meet the needs of the non-
federal workforce related to EPA programs.
Specific activities include:
— Establish, through a consensus process.
Agency policies on workforce development.
— Serve as liaison office for other Federal
Agencies to sponsor environmental
training.
— Stimulate, encourage, and support greater
cooperation at the state level between
environmental agencies and institutions of
higher education in developing the
professional and technical environmental
workforce.
4. Mandatory Agency-Wide Quality Assurance
• Coordinate an Agency-wide effort to assure
accuracy and reproducibi lity of all
environmental monitoring data.
— Effect the establishment and use of reliable,
cost-effective system for monitoring arid
measurements to obtain data of known
quality.
35
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Provide quantitative estimates of the quality
of all data supported or required by the
Agency.
Improve data quality where necessary and
document the progress in achieving data
quality.
36
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Office of Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Washington, D.C.
Mission
• Development and demonstration of cost-effective
methods for control and management of operations
with environmental impacts associated with the
extraction, processing, conversion, and
transportation of energy, minerals, and other
resources; and with industrial processing and
manufacturing facilities.
• Development and demonstration of cost-effective
methods for the prevention or management of
pollutant discharge or waste disposal into the
environment from public sector activities, including
publicly-owned wastewater and solid waste
facilities.
• Improvement of drinking water supply and system
operations including improved understanding of
water supply technology and water supply criteria.
• Analysis of the relative environmental and
socioeconomic impacts of energy, minerals, and
other resource extraction, transportation,
processing, conversion, and utilisation systems, and
of other industrial operations.
• Serve as the focal point within the Office of
Research and Development for providing liaison
with the rest of the Agency and with the Department
of Energy on issues associated" with energy
development (excluding issues of research planning
and implemerjtation on the measurement, fate and
effects of energy pollutants).
• Provide a focal point within the Office of Research
and Development for liaison with the rest of the
Agency on issues related to controlling pollution
discharges.
37
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Steven R. Reznek
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Environmental
Engineering and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 6.S.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ph.D. (Physics/
Mathematics). 1967
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Environmental
Engineering and Technology. Office of Research and
Development, 1977-Present
Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator for Energy,
Minerals, and Industry, Office of Research and
Development, 1976-1977
Director, Program Coordination and Regional Studies,
National Commission on Water Quality, 1974-1976
Researcher and Lecturer, Center for Environmental
Studies, Princeton University, 1973-1974
Physicist, Environmental Protection Agency.
1971-1973
Research Assistant, University of Bristol. Bristol,
England, 1969-1970
Technical University of Denmark Amanuensis with
Professor Saermark, 1968-1969
Research Associate, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1967-1968
Sigma Xi
38
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Program
Integration and
Policy Staff
LowelJ Smith*
Office of Environmental
Engineering and Technology
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Dr. Steven R. Reznek
Assoc. Deputy Asst. Administrator
Dr. Kurt Riegel
Energy Processes
Division
Frank Princiotta
Industrial
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle
Park. NC
Dr. John Burchard
Program
Operations Staff
Richard Hardesty
Industrial and
Extractive
Processes Division
Carl Schafer
Waste
Management
Division
W. A. Rosenkranz
Industrial
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
Dr. David Stephan
Municipal
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati. OH
Francis Mayo
•Acting
FTS Telephone No. 755-4857
Commercial Telephone No. (202) 755-4857
39
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Research Program FY 1979 FY1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $18,304 $85,362 $18,951 $78,859
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 363
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES)—
Completed power plant inventory. Electrical
Generating Inventory. 1976-1986: Illinois,
Indiana. Kentucky. Ohio. Pennsylvania, and West
Virginia, to provide baseline information on
electrical generating capacity in the region
necessary in making plausible projections of
energy facility development. Conducted a three-
day symposium on the health effects of electric
power generation covering general occupational
health problems in coal and uranium mining,
methodology; health problems in fossil-fuel power
plants, transportation, transmission and nuclear
development.
2. Integrated Technology Assessment of Electric
Utility Energy Systems—Developed significant
improvements in ability to analyze long-range
transport of atmospheric pollutants across
regional boundaries. Developed model for evalua-
ting environmental and economic impacts of the
growth of the electric utility industry (on both a
national and a regional scale) as it would develop
under alternative combinations of regulatory,
economic and technological conditions.
3. Non-Nuclear Energy R&D Review—In late 1977,
EPA was charged with the additional role of
40
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conducting the Section 11 Public Hearing Review
of the nation's non-nuclear energy R&D efforts.
Named after Section 11 of the non-nuclear Energy
R&D Act of 1974 (P.L 93-577), responsibility for
this review was transferred to EPA from the White
House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) as
a result of the President's Reorganization Plan in
January of 1977.
In carrying out the Section 11 process, EPA
conducts continuing reviews of the Federal non-
nuclear energy R&D efforts to assure adequacy of
attention to energy conservation and the environ-
mental consequences of emerging energy
technologies. A report of the 1979 review was
published in December 1979.
Public participation in this process is included
through a series of regional workshops and an
annual hearing where a wide spectrum of inter-
ested parties—industry, environmental, public
interest and private citizen—are welcome to
testify and offer advice to federal energy research
policy makers.
4. Sewer System Evaluation, Rehabilitation and New
Construction—A Manual of Pr-actice—Completed
and published this manual, which has been
proclaimed by professional societies and trade
associations to be "...a significant contribution to
the state-of-the-art and will become an invaluable
reference for the operator or designer of sanitary
sewer systems." Its benefits wMI be in cost
reduction of construction and rehabilitation of
sewers. This is of significance when it is
considered that a given sewer system cost is
usually several fold the cost of the associated
treatment works.
5. Landfill Leachate Pollutant Study—Determined
the nature and magnitude of landfill leachate
pollutant attenuation by a variety of soils and clay
minerals. Knowledge of the ability of natural soil
and earth minerals to retard or prevent the move-
ment of such substances as lead, cadmium,
mercury and cyanide into groundwater is essential
to the understanding of design and practice of
41
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environmentally acceptable land disposal of solid
wastes.
Water Treatment Package Plants Cost-Effective-
ness Field Study—Results indicate that, with
proper operation, package treatment plants can
remove a wide range of contaminants. Two reports
are being prepared. One deals with the results
from the field data and is centered upon removal
efficiency. The other is a detailed examination of
the economics of the small utilities, their package
plant system, and cost performance relationships.
7. Interim Treatment Guide for Controlling-Organic
Contaminants in Drinking Water Using Granular
Activated Carbon—Distributed to Regional Offices
and the water supply industry to assist in consider-
ation of the proposed organics regulations.
8. An Assessment of Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide
Technologies for Treatment of Municipal 'Water
Supplies—Describes the state-of-the-art in
Europe, Canada, and the United States.
9. Alternative Fuels Group—Established a series of
working groups under this committee which is
responsible for collecting and maintaining an
information base upon which permits may be
written for the emerging synthetic fuels industry.
10. Background Information Documents—Prepared a
series of these documents which serve as the
basis for the designation of waste streams as
hazardous under RCRA regulations.
Research Program The Program is implemented primarily by the Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratories located in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and Cincinnati,
Ohio, by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, and by support from other ORD
Laboratories.
42
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1. Energy—Extraction and Processing
• Fuel Processing. Develop advanced fuel
processing technologies by developing
environmental assessments and technology
as deemed necessary from an environmental
point of view. Synthetic fuels (liquids and/or
gases), coal cleaning, and fluidized bed
combustion are three major fuel processes
categories.
• Extraction and Handling: Solid Fossil Fuels.
Assess potential impact from active and
abandoned mining operations and fuel
transportation. Develop control technology for
extraction operations by demonstrating
technical and economic feasibility of
environmental control options. Provide
environmental control criteria and manuals for
use by regulators and industry.
• Extraction and Handling: Oil and Gas. Assess
environmental impacts from active and
potential production activities. Develop
pollution control technology by demonstrating
technical and economic feasibility of control
options. Provide environmental control
guidelines and manuals for use by regulators
and industry.
2. Energy—Conservation, Utilization and Technology
Assessment
• Utility and Industrial Power. Identify,
characterize and assess pollutants; develop
control technology for pollutants .associated
with electric utility and industrial stationary
combustion sources. Provide technical basis
for establishing environmental standards and
guidelines for these sources.
• Conservation and Advanced Systems. Assess
environmental impacts of energy conservation
and advanced energy (solar, geothermal, etc.)
technologies to assure consideration of
environmental factors in their development.
• Integrated Technology Assessment. Identify
alternatives acceptable for meeting national
energy supply objectives, which assist in the
selection of optimum policies for associated
environmental quality goals. Integrate results
of the environmental and energy research
43
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programs and identify research gaps which
must be addressed.
Environmental Assessment Interface.
Determine acceptability of environmental
control systems and processes and whether
additional economical control is necessary.
Identify what pollutants are especially
important to control. Make comparative
assessments of systems/processes to
determine which ones are environmentally
preferable.
44
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Office of Environmental
Processes and Effects
Research
Washington, D.C.
Mission Develop the scientific and technological methods and
data necessary to understand, predict, and manage the
entry, movement, fate of pollutants into the environment
and the food chain and their effects upon nonhuman
organisms and ecosystems. Activities of this
comprehensive program are to:
• Develop ecological data for establishing standards
and criteria or guidelines for enviromental
components in which specific pollutants or
activities, including energy, may require control;
• Develop methods to determine and predict the fate,
transport, and exposures resulting from the
discharge of pollutants singly or in combination to
the air, land, surface, marine, and groundwaters.
• Develop and demonstrate cost-effective methods
and practices for the prevention or management of
pollutant discharges or waste disposal activities
which might impair the quality of the Nation's
groundwaters;
• Develop statistical and mathematical models to
describe the role of physical, chemical, and
biological processes in linking source emissions to
exposure.
• Develop new methods, equipment, and procedures
for detecting, identifying, and measuring pollutants-.
• Develop laboratory and field scale screening tests to
provide data to predict the behavior of pollutants in
terms of movement and effects in the environment
and the food chain.
• Coordinate intra- and interagency research
activities associated with the environmental aspects
of energy extraction, processing, conversion and
utilization.
45
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Allan Hirsch Deputy Assistant Administrator for Environmental
Processes and Effects Research. Office of Research
and Development—Washington, D.C.
Education: • Michigan State University, B.S. (Zoology), 1950
Michigan State University. M.S. (Zoology), 1951
Canterbury University. New Zealand (Fulbright Scholar),
1956
Professional
Experience:
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Environmental
Processes and Effects Research. EPA, 1979-Present
Senior Ecologist and Chief. Office of Biological Services,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1974-1979
Director, Marine Environmental Protection Office,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
1972-1974
Director, Division of Program Development, and
Division of Policy Planning, Office of Planning and
Evaluation, EPA, 1971-1972
Assistant Commissioner, Federal Water Quality
Administration, 1966-1971
Deputy Program Officer and Program Offices, Division
of Water Supply and Pollution Control. U.S. Public
Health Service. Washington, D.C.. 1963-1966
Chief. Planning Branch, Division of Water Supply and
Pollution Control, U.S. Public Health Service,
Portland, Oregon, 1960-1963
Executive Secretary, Huron River Watershed
Intergovernmental Committee, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
1959-196O
Lecturer, School of Natural Resources. University of
Michigan, 1959-1960
Pollution Biologist. New Zealand Marine Department
1957-1958
46
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Aquatic Biologist, U.S. Public Health Service, Robert A_
Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,
1951-1956
Honors: Presidential Commendation (for work in negotiating
U.S. - Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement),
1972
Department of the Interior Distinguished Service
Award, 1968
Department of the Interior Meritorious Service Award,
1967
Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi, University of
Michigan, 1960
Samuel Trask Dana Award in Conservation, University
of Michigan, 196O
47
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Integrated Pest
Management
Program
Darwin Wright
Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr. Alfred H.Ellison
Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Dr. Allan Hirsch
Assoc. Deputy Assistant Administrator
Clinton Hall
Energy and Air
Division
Vacant
Robert S. Kerr
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Ada, OK
William C. Galegar
Program
Operations Staff
Patricia Neuschatz
Water and Land
Division
Vacant
Toxics and
Pesticides Division
Dr. William Murray
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Athens, GA
Dr. D. W. Duttweiler
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Corvallis, OR
Dr. Thomas Murphy
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Duluth, MN
Dr. N. A. Jowarski
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, FL
Dr. Henry F. Enos
Environmental
Research
Laboratory
Narragansett, Rl
Dr. Tudor T, Davies
FTS Telephone No. 426-0803
Commercial Telephone No. (202) 426-0803
48
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Research Program FY 1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $31,195 $78,864 $34,591 $82,962
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 557
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Conducted Smog Chamber Studies to Simulate
Atmospheric Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide to
Sulfates—Results from these studies suggest that
the control of sulfur dioxide emissions will be more
effective than the control of oxidant precursors
(e.g., hydrocarbons) for ultimately controlling
ambient sulfate levels.
2. Conducted Field Studies on Sulfate Measurement
Methodology—Indicate good agreement between
several wet chemical techniques and x-ray
fluoresence analysis. This will encourage greater
utilization of the x-ray fluoresence technique for
more real time analysis of ambient paniculate
matter.
3. Documented Evidence to Support More Restrictive
SO2 Secondary Air Quality Standards—Research
results show:
• From naturally varying SO2 exposures,
significant losses in yield or death of onion and
radish at median levels from 0.08 to 0.1 5 ppm
SO2.
• From low level S02 exposures, threshold for
significant effects on growth and symbiotic
nitrogen fixation to be 0.02 ppm; at 0.06ppm
they were reduced 50% and 40%, respectively.
49
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* From typicaJ rainfall acidities occurring and
expected in the United States, significant
effects on soil litter decomposition, nutrient
cycling and plant growth of tulip poplar, radish
and snap beans.
4. Evaluated Advanced Thermal-Chemical Concepts
for Improving the Value of Fuels and Other
Products Derived from the Organic Fraction of
Refuse—A major accomplishment was the
identification and laboratory verification of
chemical embrittlement techniques for producing
a fine-powered fuel from cellulose in refuse.
5. Developed Formal Guidelines for Deriving Water
Quality Criteria for Toxic Chemicals—Published in
the Federal Register as proposed Agency
procedure.
6- Established Functional Meso-Scale Ecological
Effects Testing Facility—Being used in studies of
impact of petroleum hydrocarbons.
7. Developed the First Linked Continuous Simulation
Model for Stream-River-Lake Systems—
incorporates both point and non-point sources and
in-stream transport and transformation of
pollutants.
8- Developed Prototype Environmental Exposure
Analysis Models and Laboratory Procedures—For
Predicting the pathways of potentially harmful
chemicals in freshwater environments. Applied
these procedures to 9 chemcials associated with
fossil fuel combustion and to 2 agricultural
pesticides.
Research Program The OEPER Research Program is impSemented by the
OEPER Laboratories located at Research Triangle Park,
Worth Carolina; Ada, Oklahoma; Athens, Georgia;
Narragansett, Rhode Island; Gulf Breeze, Florida;
Duluth, 'Minnesota; and Corvallis, Oregon.
1. Air Quality—Develop qualitative and quantitative
methods for predicting and describing air quality
from emission sources; determine atmospheric
effects due to air pollutants as well as effects on
the structure and function of ecosystems, such as
forests and crops; determine exhaust products
from mobile sources; develop methods for
gaseous and paniculate pollutants in ambient air
and stationary and mobile source emissions.
50
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2. Drinking Water—Develop* techniques for
evaluating mater quality and the movement of
pollutants in the underground environment, and
determine impacts on ground water from specific
pollutant source categories.
3. Water Quality—Identify, characterize and quantify
pollutants, including development of
measurement techniques; research the transport
and- transformation of pollutants in water; and
determine the lexicological effects of water
pollutants on aquatic organisms, both fresh and
marine.
4. Pesticides—Develop and demonstrate integrated
pest management strategies to reduce usage and
runoff of agricultural chemical pesticides. Study
the ecological effects of pesticides to aid in the
registration of pest control agents and in the
formulation of policies involving the registration
process.
5. Toxic Substances—Develop test methods and
evaluate models to assess the transport,
transformation and fate of toxic substances
released into the environment; develop systematic
procedures, to identify and quantify new
substances introduced into the environment;
analyze products for contaminants, conformity
with labeling and other TSCA requirements;
develop rapid, reliable and economic procedures
for screening chemical substances and mixtures
for predicting adverse effects of the exposure of
animal species to toxicants.
6. Energy—Determine qualitative and quantitative
effects of energy-related agents on human health;
determine toxicological effects on freshwater and
terrestrial organisms and resultant ecosystem
impacts from pollutants released from energy
extraction; conversion, and use; determine
origins, loads, transport pathways, transfer rates,
and fates for pollutants released to the aquatic
environment; develop monitoring techniques and
methods to determine on a regional basis
significant levels and cause/effect relationships
between energy-related pollution and media
quality; and provide measurement methods and
analytical techniques for known and anticipated
environmental pollutants from expanding and
emerging energy technologies.
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Office of Health Research
Washington, D.C.
Mission Provide the planning, implementation and evaluation of
a comprehensive, integrated human health research
program to determine human exposure to and effects of
combinations of pollutants derived from various
environmental pathways. Primary objective of the
program is to predict, measure and determine the
significance of human exposures to pollutants in order to
prevent or reduce adverse effects.
Activities seek to:
• Develop information on acute and chronic adverse
effects to humans from environmental exposure to
pollutants.
• Determine those environmental exposures which
have a potentially adverse effect on humans.
• Coordinate the development of test systems and
associated methods and protocols, such as
predictive models to determine similarities and
differences among test organisms and humans.
• Develop methodology for, and conduct of, laboratory
research and field population effects research
studies.
• Coordinate ORD human carcinogen, mutagen, and
teratogen research.
• Develop interagency programs which effectively use
existing capabilities to address the public health
impact of environmental pollutants.
52
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Vilma R. Hunt
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Health Research.
Office of Research and Development-
Washington, D.C.
University of Sydney, Australia, B.D.S., 1950
Radcliffe College, Harvard University, A.M., 1956
Argonne National Laboratory, 1963
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Health Research,
1979-Present
Environmental Scientist, Science Advisory Board, EPA
(on leave from Pennsylvania State University),
1978-1979
Associate Professor of Environmental Health,
Pennsylvania State University, 1972-1979
Assistant Professor of Environmental Health,
Pennsylvania State University, 1969-1972
Assistant Professor of Environmental Health, Yale
University School of Medicine, Department of
Epidemiology and Public Health, 1967-1969
Assistant Fellow (Physiology), John B. Pierce
Foundation Laboratory, 1966-1967
Research Associate (Physiology), Harvard School of
Public Health, 1963-1966
Research Fellow (Physiology), Harvard School of Public
Health, 1962-1963
Scholar, Radcliffe Institute for Independent Study,
1961-1963
Instructor, Endicott Junior College, Beverly,
Massachusetts, 1955-1956
Intern, Forsyth Dental Infirmary, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1952-1953
Junior Dental Officer, Department of Health, New
Zealand, Private Practice of Dentistry, 1951-1952
53
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Professional
Affiliations: American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Radiation Research Society
American Public Health Association
Health Physics Society
Sigma Xi
Honors: Phi Beta Kappa (honoris causa) - 5Oth Anniversary of
lota Chapter, Radcliffe College (1964)
54
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Air, Noise, and
Radiation Division
Vacant
Office of Health Research
Deputy Assistant Administrator
DT. Vilma R. Hunt
Assoc. Deputy Assistant Administrator
Dr. Roger S. Cnrtesi
Program
Operations Staff
Roberta A. CahiJI
Water and Toxics
Division
Vacant
Health Effects
Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr. Gordon Hueter
Heatth Effects
Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati. OH
Dr. R- John Gamer
FTS Telephone No. 426-2382
Commercial Telephone No. (2D2) 426-2382
55
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$20,167 $25,533
FY 1 980
In-House Extr-amural
$28,129 $43,133
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel - 407
Recent
Accomplishments
Second Annual Report to Congress on
Environmental Pollution and Cancer and Heart and
Lung Diseases—Prepared under the guidance of an
interagency task force for the purpose of
recommending and coordinating federal programs
concerned with the reduction of such diseases.
Toxicity Appraisal of Chemicals in the Kin-Buc
Landfill, Edison, New Jersey—For use by EPA and
the Department of Justice in preparing the
complaint which was filed.
Public Health Initiative—1980—Documented the
history, purpose, content, expected outputs and
resources associated with the Public Health
Initiative implemented in FY 1980.
Published a Summary of a Two-Day Workshop on
Environmental Needs of Health Professionals—
Conducted to identify and develop strategies for
improving the capability of health professionals to
assist in effective prevention of environmentally
related diseases.
Environmental and Public Health Problems
Seminar—Co-sponsored with Region II and the
American Medical Association to focus attention on
these problems and to encourage cooperative efforts
to respond to these problems on Federal, State and
local levels.
56
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Research Program The OHR Research Program is implemented by the
environmental health laboratories located in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio. The
research focuses on the potential adverse health effects
arising from: pollutants emitted into the atmosphere;
pollutants discharged into water which effect water
quality in general and drinking water specifically; from
pesticides and other toxic substances; from non-ionizing
electromagnetic (microwave) radiation; from energy-
related operations; and from emerging interdisciplinary
problems. In Fiscal Year 1980 the health-related air,
drinking water, toxic substances and radiation programs
were expanded to include a public health initiative. The
overall theme of the initiative is the systematic,
integrated approach to bridge the several media through
which human beings are exposed to pollutants. The
approach employs the full range of environmental
disciplines to predict, measure and assay exposure; to
determine the impact and significance of true exposures
on human health; and to develop strategies which
prevent, interdict or reduce the detrimental effects.
1. Air
Program consists of three components:
• Transportation Sources—The research in this
program element is planned with guidance
from the Mobile Sources Research Committee.
Emissions are analyzed from mobile sources to
provide health effects information for
decisions on certification of gasoline and
diesel vehicles. Emphasis is on diesel engines
with studies underwaytodeterminetheextent
to which exhaust is carcinogenic. A series of
studies is investigating total diesel emissions,
single identified diesel emission components
and emission products from new catalyst
control systems. These studies include whole
animal inhalation studies that expose normal
and specifically developed sensitive strains' of
rodents to diesel exhaust to determine
whether tumors develop. Non-carcinogenicity
studies with whole animals focus on the
identification of chronic obstructive lung
disease and neuro-behavioral effects.
Epidemiological studies will determine
morbidity and mortality effects of diesel
emissions. In vitro screening tests are utilized
to help characterize emissions and to identify
hazardous biological activity. In conjunction
with in vivo tests, components of diesel
emissions are bei-ng analyzed and their health
effects characterized.
57
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Criteria Pollutants—The research in this
program element is planned with guidance
from the Oxidants Research Committee.
Conduct studies on ozone, other photo-
chemical oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and
carbon monoxide. Results of these studies
provide information for evaluating the
adequacy of existing Ambient Air Quality
Criteria (AAdC) and provide a scientific basis
for improvements to the AAQC. The 197.7
Clean Air Act, as amended, requires that these
standards be reviewed at five-year intervals.
Animal toxicology and controlled human
exposure (clinical) studies assess the adverse
health responses associated with exposure to
one or more pollutants. The human studies
focus on effects resulting from exposure to
ozone at levels near ambient (polluted) levels
and sulfur dioxide. Similar studies are being
performed on the effects of exposure to
nitrogen oxides. The animal studies employ
various combinations of these pollutants and
various exposure times to identify additive or
synergistic effects on the respiratory system.
Clinical studies address the effects of short-
term exposure to the same pollutants on
health volunteers and on those in whom
asthma-like respiratory airway reactivity has
been simulated pharmacologically.
Non-Criteria Pollutants—Planned under the
guidance of the Gases and Particles and the
Hazardous Air Pollutants Research
Committees. Studies are conducted on sulfur
oxides and airborne particulate species
including sulfates and lead, and on other
hazardous airborne substances. The research
will determine how particulate pollutants
should be controlled in order to protect human
health. Major activities areepidemiological, in
viva and in vitro animal lexicological, and
human clinical studies. This research
characterizes both acute and chronic effects of
exposure to the particulate air pollutants.
Specifically, the studies are to determine the
relationship of particulate size and
composition to observed adverse health
effects, and to evaluate the possible
additive/synergistic effects following
exposure to combinations of particulates and
gases. Research is being conducted on
hazardous air pollutants to determine how
those pollutants should be regulated underthe
Agency's Carcinogen Policy as well as in
58
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consideration of other toxic effects. Testing
will consist of cellular bioassays to whole
animal tests to epidemiologic studies which
contribute health effects data to risk assess-
ments and regulations for these hazardous
substances.
2. Water Quality
Program covers three general areas of research
planned under guidance of three research
committees which are the Municipal Wastewater
and Spill Prevention, Water Quality, and Industrial
Wastewater Research Committees, respectively:
• Wastewater and Sludge—Determine the
health implications of existing and innovative
technology for the treatment, disposal, and
agricultural utilization of wastewater and
sludge. Specific activities include:
epidemiologic studies to determine the health
effects of aerosols from conventional
wastewater treatment plants; toxicologic and
epidemiologiE studies to evaluate potential
health effects of exposure to pathogens and
metals rn wastewater and sludge applied to
agricultural land; and epidemiologicaJ studies
to evaluate population exposure to pathogens,
persistent organics, and trace metals from
spraying wastewater and sludge on land.
• Recreational Waters—Provide health effects
data to establish water quality criteria.
Significant activities include epidemiological
and microbiological studies at freshwater
beaches to associate pollutant-related health
effects to microbiological water quality
indicators and development of recreational
water quality criteria for freshwater.
» Wastewater Reuse—Develop the health
effects data base to set criteria for the safe
reuse of wastewaters for potable and
industrial purposes. This research is
coordinated with the potable reuse research in
the drinking water health effects program.
Related activities include several lexicological
and epidemiological studies of the impact pf
wastewater reuse.
3. Drinking Water
The Drrnking Water Program is planned under the
guidance of the Drinking Water Research
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Committee and places highest priority on organic
contaminants, with the major emphasis on
carcinogenic effects:
• Results from mutagenic screening tests
performed in 1978 raised questions about
water supply sources traditionally considered
clean. Based on those results a series of tests
are used to determine if the mutagenic effects
can be eliminated through water treatment.
Organic sample concentrates prepared from
drinking water from representative American
cities are analyzed chemically, and screened
for mutagenic activity to identify potentially
carcinogenic groups of compounds.
• The toxicity of reaction products resulting from
chlorination and the use of proposed
alternative disinfectants are being bioassayed
both in whole animal and bioassay screening
tests. Epidemiological studies on the effects of
disinfectants, i.e., chlorine dioxide, are
undertaken when found feasible after
completion of toxicological studies.
• For microbiological contaminants, the health
research program includes technical assis-
tance for the investigation of waterborne
diseases. Waterborne outbreaks of infectious
diseases are investigated in cooperation with
the Center for Disease Control with the
objective of identifying the causative
organisms in water, determining the route of
entry, and recommending corrective action to
prevent recurrence. Work also continues on
improving methods to identify viruses
associated with waterborne diseases.
• An expanded program is studying the
feasibility of developing criteria for the potable
reuse of wastewater. Toxicity screening tests
of organic concentrates from different
advanced wastewater treatment plant-
effluents are underway and inorganic
constituents are being identified. More
elaborate toxicity testing is being conducted on
contaminants for which little health
information is available.
• Scientific evidence indicates that asbestos,
when inhaled, can cause cancer and
asbestosis. Research on asbestos in drinking
water is concerned with assessing human
exposure to asbestos from the use of asbestos-
60
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cement pipe for distribution of drinking water.
Toxicological and epidemiological studies are
being conducted to determine the health
effects from ingestion of asbestos fibers.
4. Toxic Substances
This research is planned under the guidance of the
Chemical Testing and Evaluation Research
Committee. Major emphasis is being placed on:
• The selection and validation of known
techniques for screening broad ranges of
chemical types and large numbers of
individual chemical substances so that
functional testing protocols for carcinogenic,
mutagenic, neurotoxic and other toxicological
effects can be developed.
• Long-term low-dose research is correlating
environmental and ambient levels of
pollutants and measured routes of exposure
with tumor induction and other health effects.
In addition, epidemiological studies evaluate
and confirm the significance of toxic effects in
animals as related to health effects in human
populations. Emphasis, in these studies
includes human reproductive effects.
Research is also ascertaining effects of human
activities on stratospheric ozone, the impacts
of changes in stratospheric ozone content on
health and welfare, and'methods and casts of
controlling such changes.
5. Radiation
This research is planned by the Radiation
Research Committee:
• Investigations are continuing on the health
effects of non-ionizing radiation from
environmental sources such as television,
radio, and radartrans miss ions. Emphasis is on
chronic, low-level exposures using low power
densities in the range of 5-1 0 microwatts per
square centimeter. Results from these studies
are for establishing protective guidelines for
environmental levels of such radiation.
Specific activities include: determination of
the health effects on neurophysiology,
behavior, teratology, immunology, and
ca rci nog e n ici ty after exposure to
environmentally occurring electromagnetic
radiation; definition of absorption frequencies
61
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of electromagnetic radiation in biological
systems; and identification of mechanisms of
interaction, including frequency dependence
and power densities.
6. Pesticides
This research is planned by the Pesticides
Research Committee. It includes tests carried out
under actual field conditions to estimate human
exposure; and effects studies utilizing selected
animal models to predict passible human health
effects from pesticide chemicals:
» New methodologies are developed and
validated to accumulate pesticide exposure
data for use in determining pesticide
registration standards. Studies are also
undertaken to determine the feasibility of
extrapolating human pesticide exposure data
between compounds and between different
exposure situations to aid in the development
of regulatory testing requirements.
• Major classes of chemical pesticides now
registered are retested to determine health
effects. In addition, the health effects of
selected biological pest control agents are
evaluated with; emphasis on the study of i.nsect
viruses. Animal and cell culture methods for
assessing the potentially mutagenic and
carcinogenic effects of pesticides are refined,
developed, and validated.
• The scope of analytical chemical methods
includes detecting, measuring and evaJuating
more pesticides in a broad variety of human
tissues and environmental media. Emphasis is
placed on the detection of metabolites in
human and animal tissues, excreta, air and
other environmental media. Analytical
methods needed in exposure measurement
procedures are given priority.
7. Energy
Research in this area is planned by the Energy
Research Committee. It includes animal
toxicological and human clinical and
epidemioiogical studies; and the development and
use of rapid and sensitive bioscreenmg
methodologies to improve the ability to estimate
the long-term adverse health impacts of energy-
related pollutants.
62
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• Epidemiological studies are performed where
general populations are exposed to elevated
levels of photochemical oxidants and other air
pollutants as well as where short-term high-
level exposures to S02 and particulates are
observed. Other epidemiological studies are
concerned with populations exposed to
waterborne agents from fossil fuel energy
production or use.
• Clinical studies with human subjects address
the effects of exposures to sulfates and
sulfuric acid mists, ozone, and NO2.
• Relative health assessment studies are
performed for new energy technologies such
as fluidized bed combustion with reference to
conventional coal combustion.
• Assay procedures which complement liver
enzyme island assay methodologies are
developed. This includes development of
screening methods using various organ
components and analyses of samples derived
from fossil fuel production and utilization
sources.
• Proposed methods for recovering and
concentrating trace quantities of waterborne
energy-related pollutants are evaluated for
use in performing short-term in vivo animal
tests as well as in vitro bioassays.
8. Anticipatory
Program conducts systematic studies'of emerging
interdisciplinary problems. Emphasis is on
environmental cancer Comprehensive
epidemiology studies, coupled with extensive
integrated exposure monitoring in areas
demonstrating high cancer incidence or known
exposures to excessive levels of environmental
carcinogens, are performed to establish profiles
which serve to indicate whether regulation will be
needed in the future.
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Office of Health and
Environmental
Assessment
Washington, D.C.
Mission Provides the Agency's regulatory programs with a
centralized capability for evaluating information on
health and ecological effects from exposure to pollutants
and in some cases estimating the level of health risk
involved. Insures consistency and quality among the risk
assessments prepared throughout the Agency by
establishing Agency-wide guidelines and reviewing
completed assessments.
Typical outputs include:
• Guidelines for assessing health risk.
• Guidelines for exposure assessments.
• Reviews of all Agency assessment activities.
• Participation in the development and/or review of
Agency regulations with respect to health
assessment.
• Health criteria documents, aquatic effects criteria
documents, and health assessment documents.
• Preliminary and full risk assessments dealing with
carcinogenic and mutagenic potential as well as
exposure assessments.
64
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Elizabeth L. Anderson
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Honors:
Director. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment—Washington. D. C.
College of William and Mary—B.S. (Chemistry) 1962
University of Virginia—M.S. (Organic Chemistry) 1964
The American University—Ph.D. (Organic Chemistry)
1970
Director, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, EPA, 1979-Present
Executive Director, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
EPA, 1976-1979
Office of Planning and Management, EPA, 1975-1976
Assistant to the Deputy Assistant Administrator for
General Enforcement, EPA, 1973-1975
Staff Chemist, Office of Technical Analysis, EPA,
1971-1973
Research Chemist, U.S. Department of Defense, Harry
Diamond Laboratories, Washington, D.C., 1967-1971
Research Chemist, Atlantic Research Laboratories, Inc.
Alexandria, Virginia, 1964-1967
American Association for Advancement of Science
American Chemical Society
Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Kappa Kappa Gamma National Achievement Award,
1974
Outstanding Woman of America Award, 1976
President's Executive Interchange Program, 1975
EPA Gold Medal for Exceptional Service, 1978
65
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Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment
Dr.
Director
Elizabeth Anderson
Planning and Policy
Staff
Charles Ris
Exposure
Assessment Group
Vacant
Reproductive
Effects Assessment
Group
Dr. Peter Voytek
Carcinogen
Assessment Group
Dr. E. L Anderson
Environmental
Criteria and
Assessment Office
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Dr. Lester Grant
Environmental
Criteria and
Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH
Dr. Jerry Stara
FTS Telephone No. 755-3968
Commercial Telephone Mo. (202) 755-3968
66
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Research Program FY 1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
f$ToOCM $2,645 $2,071 $3,554 $1,463
Personnel
Bachelor
5
Full-time EPA Personnel = 67
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Carcinogen Assessment Activities
• Participated in the development of the Air
Cancer Policy.
• Developed draft methodology for assessing
risk to residents of the Love Canal to be
provided to the Department of Housing and
Urban Development. Also prepared risk
assessment to be used by the Department of
Justice in the Love Canal case.
• Participated in a working group to write
regulations for testing requirements and
participated in hearings for Section 4 of TSCA.
• Provided a list of carcinogens as a basis for
labeling under Section 6 of TSCA.
• Provided expert witnesses for Office of
General Counsel for two pesticide
cancellation/suspension hearings. (DBCP and
2,4,5-T).
• Completed and/or revised full risk
assessments for the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) on benzene,
arsenic, perchloroethylene, cadmium.
• Completed Type I risk assessments for OAQPS
for cresols, nitrobenzene, phosgene,
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benzylchloride, toluene, manganese, xylene,
chlorobenzene (ortho and para), propylene
oxide, methyl iodide, allyl chloride, ethylene
oxide, formaldehyde, nitrosamines, beryllium,
nickel, acrolein, epichlorohydrin and
acetaldehyde.
• Completed pathology slide reviews for Office
of General Counsel on 2,4,5-T in support of
cancellation/suspension hearings.
• Completed reviews of rebuttal information for
the Office of Pesticide programs (GPP) on coal
tar/creosote and prepared a review on
inorganic arsenic.
• Completed and/or revised full risk
assessments for OPP on ethylene dibromide,
EBDC, lindane, 2,4,5-T, dimethoate and
diallate.
• Completed risk assessments on 31 water
pollutants which together with ECAO-
Cincinnati water quality criteria documents
provided the scientific bases for nationwide
Water Quality Criteria.
• Prepared for the Office of Solid Waste
Management Program (OSWMP) a list of
carcinogens to be used as a basis for
identifying hazardous materials.
• Assisted two Regional Offices in support of
legal action.
2. Reproductive Effects Assessment
• Developed draft guidelines for performing risk
assessments on mutagenicity.
3. Exposure Assessment
• Established an Agency-wide Working Group to
develop exposure assessment guidelines.
Scientific
Assessment
Activities
1. Carcinogen Assessment Group
• Assess the carcinogenic risk presented by
specific agents.
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• Assess emerging data to improve risk
assessment methodology.
• Participate in development of regulations
pertaining to carcinogenicity.
• Develop guidelines to be used in risk
assessments for carcinogenicity.
2. Reproductive Effects Assessment Group
• Assess the mutagenic, teratogenic, and
sterility risk of specific agents.
• Develop guidelines for m utagenicity,
teratogenicity and sterility risk assessmerrts.
• Review reproductive risk assessments by the
Agency to insure consistency and technical
competence; perform exposure assessments.
3. Exposure Assessment Group
• Develop and refine methodology and
guidelines for conducting exposure analysis.
• Review exposure assessments by the Agency
to insure consistency and technical
competence, perform exposure-assessments.
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Office of Research
Program Management
Center for Environmental
Research Information
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mission Develop and implement coordinated, comprehensive,
ORD-wide scientific and technical information
dissemination program. Assure that all scientific and
technical personnel have ready access to essential
information and data which are required tosupportORD
programs. Document, disseminate and transfer
findings, conclusions, and products developed through
these programs to environmental decision makers and
other significant groups both within the Agency and
without. Specific activities are to:
• Compile information for solving municipal and
industrial environmental problems through the
application of control technology; make these
solutions available to carefully selected target
audiences through seminars and related
publications.
• Acquire potential solutions to current and projected
environmental problems which are not directly
solvable with control technology.
• Support ORD organizational units in development
and distribution of technical information products.
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Calvin O. Lawrence
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Director, Center for Environmental Research
Information—Cincinnati, Ohio
Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas
B.S. (Applied Mathematics), 1963
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
M.S. (Applied Mathematics), 1972
Director, Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI), EPA, 1979-Present
Deputy Director, Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI), EPA, 1977-1979
Technical Assistant, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, 1976-1977
Manager, Environmental Assessment Models, EPA,
1975-1976
Chief, Planning and Reporting Staff, EPA, 1974-1975
Chief, Management Information Staff, EPA, 1972-1974
Senior Project Engineer, Naval Ordnance Systems
Command, 1971-1972
Project Engineer, Naval Ordnance Systems Command,
1968-1971
Project Engineer, Naval Ordnance Laboratory,
1963-1968
Honors: EPA Bronze Medal for Commendable Service - 1973
71
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Center for Environmental
Research Information
Cincinnati, Ohio
Director
Calvin Lawrence
Deputy Director
Robert Edgar
mental
ent Staff
demons
d Use
gement
/lacomber
toring
ment and
Assurance
I
Environmental
Control Systems
Staff
Dean Jarman
Municipal
Dr. James Smith
Denis Lussier
Industrial
Techn
Inform
Operatior
Gilbert G
Graph!
Serv
Dale D
Editorial
Adib Tabri
Norman Kulujian
Dr. Jessica Barron
FTS Telephone No. 684-7394
Commercial Telephone No. (513) 684-7394
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Research Program FY1979 FY1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $2,128 $2?a $1,545 0
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 21
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Technology Transfer
• Seminars — Region 10 Water Quality
Management (208) Conference, International
Symposium on Health Effects of Diesel Engine
Emissions, Seminar on Biological Monitoring
and Its Use in the NPDES Permit Program,
Workshop for Stream Water Quality Model
Qual II, Workshop on Use of ARMY NPS
Models for Environmental Plan.ning,
USA/USSR Symposium River Basin Water
Quality Planning and Management, ORD
Nonpoint Source Research Planning
Workshop, Biological Monitoring for Waste-
water Effluent, Volatile Organic Compound
Control in Surface Coating Industries, Land
Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Effluents,
Operation and Maintenance of Air Pollution
Equipment for Particulate Control.
• Conferences/Symposia—Innovative and
Alternative Technology Assessment, Waste-
water Treatment for Individual Residences and
Small Communities, Water and Waste
Management in the Arctic Environment,
Water Quality Assessment Methodology for
Streams, Impoundments, and Estuaries,
Combined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater
Treatment.
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• Design Manuals/Handbooks—Sludge Treat-
ment and Disposal, Continuous Air Pollution
Source Monitoring Systems
• Capsule Reports/Executive Briefing—Fourth
Progress Report: Forced-Oxidation Test
Results at the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test
Facility, Control of Acidic Air Pollutants by
Coated Baghouses, Paniculate Control, by
Fabric Filtration on Coal-Fired Industrial
Boilers, Bahco Flue Gas Desulfurization and
Paniculate Removal System, First Progress
Report: Physical Coal Cleaning Demonstra-
tion at Homer City, PA, Acoustic Monitoring to
Determine the Integrity of Hazardous Waste
Dams, Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens,
Mutagens and Other Genotoxic Agents, Diesel
Emissions Research Report, Sulfur Oxides
Control Technology Series: FGD Wellman-
Lord Process, Control Technology for the
Metal-Finishing Industry Series: Evaporators/
Sulfide Precipitation.
Technical Information
• Review and process ORD technical reports for
printing, coordinate replies to requests for
technical information, provide graphics
support and ORD conference needs. Quality
control and processing services FY 1979:
Camera-ready reports 325
NTIS submissions 850
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Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Mission
• Develop and/or improve monitoring systems for the
measurements of air pollutants both in ambient air
and stationary sources.
• Provide specialized air pollution monitoring and
analytical support to EPA programs and other
national and international organizations to meet
EPA goals and objectives.
• Develop and implement the EPA air pollution quality
assurance program for both ambient air and
stationary source measurements. This includes a
methods validation and standardization program.
• Provide special techniques and/or rapid response
for collection and analysis of air samples in support
of emergency episodes and enforcement.
• Develop mathematical and statistical programs to
evaluate air pollutant data and report internally
generated data to the user community.
• Conduct the EPA fuels and fuel additive registration
program.
• Participate in the development and publication of air
pollution regulations and environmental criteria
assessment documents.
• Implement the ambient air monitoring equivalency
regulations.
• Develop and operate special monitoring networks
and studies as mandated or requested in concert
with Agency policy (e.g. LACS, IPN, NFOS).
• Analyze environmental samples from
environmental monitoring networks and other
programs as needed or requested (e.g. NAMS,
SLAMS, RO, other ORD laboratories, NFSN).
• Develop and apply monitoring techniques and
systems for the assessment of human exposure to
air pollutants in support of HERL/RTP research
programs.
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Thomas R. Mauser
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Director, Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory—Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Xavier University—B.S.
Xavier University—MS
University of Cincinnati—Ph.D. (Environmental
Engineering)
Director, Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory, 1977-Present
Deputy Director, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, EPA, Research Triangle Park,
1971-1977
Supervisory Research Chemist, Health Effects
Research Program, National Air Pollution Control
Administration, 1969-1971
Research Chemist, National Air Pollution Control
Administration, 1955-1958
PHS Commissioned Corps, DHEW, 1955-1958
Instructor of Chemistry, Xavier University
Adjunct Associate Professor, North Carolina State
University, 1974-Present
American Chemical Society
Air Pollution Control Association
American Society for Testing Materials
Sigma Xi
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Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
•North Carolina
Director
Dr. Thomas R. Mauser
Deputy Director
Franz J. Burmann
Data Management
and Analysis
Division
'Acting
FTS Telephone No. 629-2106
Commercial Telephone No. (919) 541-2106
Environmental
Monitoring Division
Dr. John Clements
Administration
and Support Office
Ms. Nell Carras
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$35,858 $6,670
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$6,697 $7,410
Personnel
Doctorate
9
Full-time EPA Personnel = 106
Recent
Accomplishments
1. Ambient Monitoring Study—Measured downwind
concentrations of NOx, CO, and non-methane
organic carbon (NMOC) during aircraft queuing
and take off at National Airport in Washington,
D.C. The study was for the purpose of assisting
OAQPS in preparation of pollutant control
strategies and regulations applicable to aircraft
ground operation.
2. Air Monitoring Program in the Love Canal Area—
Atmospheric samples were taken in the backyard,
basement, and living room of each of two houses.
Samples were analyzed by a contractor and EMSL
using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy.
Qualitative determinations were made on all
components collected. Benzene, chloroform,
trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were
quantitated. The sampling was repeated a second
time. A total of 36 samples were analyzed.
3.
Inhalable Particulates and Quality Assurance
Workshops—Formulated recommendation for the
development of a Federal Reference Method for
measuring inharable particulates and reviewed
quality assurance guidelines for source emission
measurements (Volume III of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
Measurements Systems). Approximately 30
experts in aerosol technology participated in the
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inhalable paniculate workshop and 9 Regional
Offices were represented in the QA Workshop.
4. Minimum Quality Assurance Requirements—
Developed for State and Local Air Monitoring
Stations and for Prevention of Significant
Deterioration air monitoring in the interest of
implementing a standardized uniform national air
monitoring program for criteria pollutants.
5. Continued Implementation of an Agency-Wide
Quality Assurance Program—Development of
quality control reference materials, conduct of
interlaboratory performance audits, issuance of
quality assurance guideline documents,
evaluation and standardization of methods for
measuring pollutants in air, and emission source
and promulgation of reference and equivalent
methods.
6. Technical Support to the Regional Offices,
OAQPS, and Other Agency Offices in the Area of
Environmental Monitoring—Monitoring of
asbestos in Maryland, Hg in New Jersey, ozone in
National Forests, and polynuclear organic matter
in Pennsylvania; analysis of lead, phosphorus and
manganese in fuel; providing high quality glass-
fiber filters for national use; analysis of filter
samples for inorganics and trace elements; and
characterization of diesel particulates.
7. Implemented Regulations on Reference and
Equivalent Methods and Fuels and Fuel
Additives—Fifteen methods have been designated
as reference methods and 17 as equivalent
methods. Registered as of January 31,1 980 were
2,019 fuel additives, 558 brands of mptor vehicle
gasoline and 276 brands of motor vehicle diesel
fuel.
Research Program 1. Quality Assurance
• Conduct single-laboratory and multi-
laboratory (collaborative testing) evaluation of
candidate reference methods—for use in
determining compliance to regulations on
ambient air quality and emission standards.
These studies establish the precision and
accuracy of reference methods necessary for
legal defensibility. Prepare detailed methods
and procedures for publication in the
regulations.
• Establish procedures for designating
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equivalent methods for use in compliance
monitoring, review equivalency applications,
and promulgate equivalent methods. Evaluate
proposed modifications to reference and
equivalent methods as need arises and make
appropriate revisions and notifications to the
regulations.
• Conduct interlaboratory performance surveys
to determine proficiency of State/Local,
Federal, industrial laboratories involved in
compliance or research monitoring; aid in
detection and correction of problems in
methodology or laboratory performance.
• Prepare and distribute quality assurance
guideline documents and handbooks for use by
performing laboratories in developing and
implementing quality assurance programs.
• Develop protocols for establishing the
traceability of calibration gases and materials
to higher order standards such as NBS
Standard Reference Material (SRM). Identify
the need for development of SRM's.
• Maintain a repository of quality control
reference samples for use in interlaboratory
performance surveys and for correction of
quality control problems.
• Develop and maintain EPA standards
laboratory for certification of cylinder gases,
permeation tubes, calibration and auditing
devices and flow measuring equipment.
2. Technical Support
• Provide analytical capability to support EMSL
projects, other ORD Laboratories, Regional
programs and other EPA programs. Analytical
capability exists in the areas of neutron
activation, spark source mass spectrometry,
optical emission spectrometry, atomic
absorption, and gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry.
• Operate special monitoring networks such as
the National Air Surveillance Network(NASN),
National Forest Ozone Network, and
Precipitation Network to chart trends in
contaminant levels. Analyze samples collected
by the NASN for non-criteria pollutants.
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Conduct field monitoring for the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards in support of
implementation plans and control strategy
developments; ethylene dichloride and
benzene monitoring at suspected major
sources of emissions, perchloroethylene in
urban areas.
Conduct special OAQPS studies to support
Regional Office air pollution investigations;
e.g., BaP determination around a coke oven in
Pennsylvania; asbestos monitoring in
Maryland; Hg monitoring in New Jersey.
Perform for Office of Enforcement compliance
monitoring on phosphorus content of gasoline
and confirmatory analysis of lead in gasoline.
3. Health Effects/Transportation/Air
• Conduct field studies to determine impact of
catalyst-equipped cars on ambient air quality
especially relating to S-bearing compounds.
Determine temperal, diurnal and spatial
variation in resulting air quality.
• Collect condensates from roofing tar, coke
ovens, diesel exhaust, and cigarettes,
fractionate, and provide samples for bioassay.
Collect air samples at a bus terminal for
purpose of extraction fractionation, and
bioassay.
4. Measurement Techniques and Equipment
Development
• Register and maintain production estimates of
fuel and fuel additives in accordance with
Federal regulations. Selectively analyze fuel
and fuel additives to verify composition.
• Establish a nationwide sampling network to
determine inhaled paniculate levels in
ambient air to support health studies and
control strategy development.
• Determine extent of intrusion of carbon
monoxide in sustained use vehicles. Evaluate
and improve methods for collection of organic
vapors in air. Evaluate and improve methods
for collection and analysis of trace elements in
air.
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5. Energy
• Provide quality assurance support to the
Western Energy Programs.
6. Toxic Substances
• Qualitatively screen organic compounds
present in air samples collected at the
fenceline of certain chemical industries.
Quantitate selected compounds. Improve
spectral search capability.
7. Health Effects/'Non-Criteria Pollutants/Air
• Conduct air monitoring associated with
exposure assessment epidemiological
research programs of HERL/RTP Provide
external quality assurance support to human
exposure 'studies at HERL/RTP (Chapel Hill)
and animal exposure studies at
HERL/Cincinnati.
8. Anticipatory Research
• Provide analytical, quality assurance and data
processing support to acid precipitation
networks.
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Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mission
• Develop analytical test procedures to identify and
measure major pollutants and quality
characteristics in drinking water, ambient receiving
waters, municipal and industrial effluents.
• Develop monitoring techniques to identify and
enumerate microorganisms of health significance in
drinking water, ambient waters, and municipal
wastes.
• Devise laboratory procedures to detect, identify and
measure viruses in water, municipal wastes, and
sludges.
• Devise field and laboratory procedures to determine
the biological effect of waste discharges on
receiving waters.
• Prepare and publish official Agency test methods for
the monitoring of drinking water, municipal and
industrial effluents, and ambient waters.
• Provide quality assurance guidelines, reference
materials, quality control samples,'and performance
audit samples for evaluating and maintaining the
quality of monitoring data provided by EPA, State,
municipal, and industrial laboratories.
• Provide Technical Support, including consultation,
research reports, and analytical services, to
Regional Offices, States, and Program Offices in
support of water and waste monitoring programs.
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Dwight G. Bellinger
Director, Environmental Monitoring Support
Laboratory—Cincinnati, Ohio
Education: University of Cincinnati, B.Ph. (Chemistry) 1956
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Honors:
Director, Environmental Monitoring Support
Laboratory, 1967-Present
Supervisory Chemist, U.S. Public Health Service
Technical Advisory and Investigations Branch,
1960-1967
Training Specialist, U.S. Public Health Service,
1949-1967
Laboratory Technician, U.S. Public Health Service,
1940-1948
American Chemical Society
American Water Works Association
Water Pollution Control Federation
Sigma Xi
EPA Silver Medal for Development of the Agency's
Analytical Quality Control Program, 1972
84
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Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Director
Dwight G. Ballinger
Deputy Director
Robert L Booth
Technical Editor
Patricia Anderson
Equivalency Staff
Larry B. Lobring
Administrative
Officer
George T. Lewis
Physical and
Chemical Methods
Branch
John F Kopp
Inorganic Analysis
• Section
Gerald D. McKee
Advanced
Instrumentation
. Section
Dr. William L.
Budde
Organic Analyses
Section
J. J. Lichtenberg
Radiological
Methods Section
Herman L. Krieger
E
•
•
•
Biological Methods
Branch
Dr. Gerald Berg
Virology Section
Dr. R. S. Safferman
Microbiology
Section
Robert H. Bordner
Aquatic Biology
Section
Dr. Cornelius
Weber
Quality Assurance
Branch
John A. Winter
Evaluation
Section
Harold A
Clements
Project
Management
. Section
Edward L. Berg
Instrumentation
Development
Branch
Vacant
FTS Telephone No. 684-7301
Commercial Telephone No. (513) 684-7301
85
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$3,553 $6,726
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$3,829 $4,773
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 79
Recent
Accomplishments
Research Program
1. Development of Testing Procedures—Prepared
and published test procedures for the analysis of
228 pollutants in municipal and industrial waste
discharges. Developed and published new test
procedures for the analysis of trihalomethanes in
drinking water.
2. Laboratory Evaluations and Services—Conducted
performanc'e evaluation studies of 528
laboratories analyzing public water supply
samples. Conducted on-site evaluations of three
regional laboratories analyzing drinking water,
ambient waters, and industrial and municipal
wastes. Prepared and distributed 1200 quality
control samples to public and private laboratories
performing drinking water, ambient waters, and
industrial and municipal wastewater analyses.
3. Publications—Published a series of guides on the
automation of laboratory instruments for water
and wastewater analyses. Published revised
annotated bibliography on Virus in Waste,
Renovated and Other Waters. Published a series
of reports on commercially-available automatic
sampling systems.
1. Monitoring Systems
• Develop proposed reference methods and
correct deficiencies in existing reference
86
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methods for toxic and hazardous substances in
drinking water, wastewater, ambient water,
sludge and ocean disposed waste (PL 92-500).
The methods are used in determining
compliance to limits set by the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) and the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. Develop
protocols for sampling and analysis for priority
pollutants in industrial effluents, fish,
sediment, sludge, leachates, and other
environmental samples.
Conduct laboratory and field investigations of
automatic sampling instrumentation; extend
this activity to assure enforcement and
surveillance teams of acquiring representative
samples.
Develop and identify standardized
methodology by which waters may be sampled
for small numbers of viruses. Devise test
systems for determining the extent to which
enteroviruses reversibly bind to sludges, feces,
and other solids in water; develop standard
methodology needed to monitor for the
presence of these viruses. Develop
immunoassay techniques and other accurate
methods for the rapid identification of viruses
recovered from waters and solids.
Evaluate and standardize methods for
measuring the toxicity of effluents to aquatic
life and the effects of effluents on aquatic
ecosystems.
Develop and evaluate improved microbio-
logical methods to enforce and monitor
standards and criteria established for: (a)
potable waters, (b) municipal and industrial
wastewaters, and (c) ambient fresh and
marine waters; and establish the precision and
accuracy of these procedures for legal
defensibility. Prepare EPA microbiological
methods manuals to assure the uniform
application of methods by Federal, State,
private, and environmental programs.
Administer the EPA program for the approval
of alternative test procedures for use in
environmental monitoring required under the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act and the
Safe Drinking Water Act.
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2. Quality'Assurance—Water Quality
• Develop and distribute quality control check
samples and materials needed to support the
Consent Decree, water quality NPDES toxic
substances, ambient monitoring, research and
energy programs. Develop and distribute
manuals and guidelines for quality assurance
sampling and sample preservation, and
analytical methodology. Develop EPA's
computerized interlaboratory test systems for
NPDES program laboratories.
• Evaluate performance of laboratories making
waste measurements under NPDES, ambient
water monitoring and advise EPA Program
Offices on reliability of monitoring data.
• Develop a computerized laboratory operations
system including sample file control and
quality control summaries. Following
development extend the system to EPA
Regional Laboratories and make available to
other Federal, State, and private laboratories.
Expand and improve the system as needs and
requirements are identified.
• Conduct collaborative studies to validate EPA's
chemical, biological and microbiological
methods for waste discharges, ambient
monitoring, drinking water and energy-related
research.
3. Quality Assurance—Drinking Water
• Develop and distribute qiiality control samples
and materials to support the monitoring of
public water supplies. As new regulations are
planned, conduct research leading to the
development of new quality control samples
for the expanded list of required
measurements.
• Evaluate performance of laboratories
analyzing drinking water by conducting
•interlaboratory studies to establish the
reliability of public water supply data. Provide
information to State and regional authorities
on laboratory performance capabilities.
• Evaluate EPA Regional Laboratories by on-site
inspections and performance samples to
certify for drinking water examination.
88
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• Maintain a computerized system for cataloging
information on the performance of water
supply laboratories and establishing
acceptable levels of accuracy and precision.
4. Energy—Measurement Methods
• Provide test procedures for the analysis of
hazardous materials in support of waste site
investigations. Develop and distribute
standard reference materials for the
hazardous waste monitoring program.
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Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada
Mission Develop and optimize methods, systems, and strategies
for monitoring the environment to assess the exposure
of man and other receptors to pollutants in the
environment. Characterize and quantify movement and
fate of environmental pollutants. Specific activities of
the Laboratory are to:
• Develop and maintain sophisticated monitoring and
analytical capabilities for laboratory and field
studies. Conduct EPA programs for monitoring data
quality assurance, including radiation and biological
quality assurance.
• As the Agency aerial support facility, develop and
provide capability for overhead monitoring,
including both contact and remote sensing. Provide
a quick-response capability for synoptic monitoring
of pollution situations or accidental releases.
• Under a Memorandum'of Understanding with the
U.S. Department of Energy, collect radiological
surveillance data and perform pathways research to
determine radiation exposure to man and his
environment from past and present testing of
nuclear devices.
90
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Glenn E. Schweitzer
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Honors:
Director, Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory—Las Vegas, Nevada
U.S. Military Academy, B.S.
California Institute of Technology, MS.
Director, Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory, Las Vegas, 1980-Present
Director, Office of Toxic Substances, EPA,
1973-1976
Director, Office of Science and Technology, Agency
for International Development, 1969-1973
Senior Positions, Department of State and National
Council on Marine Research and Engineering
Development
New York Academy of Sciences
American Chemical Society
Society for International Development
DAR Award for Excellence in Mechanical Engineering
State Department IVIeritonous Honor Award
AID Superior Honors Award
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Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada
Director
Glenn E. Schweitzer
Deputy Director
R. E. Stanley
Office of Program
Management and
Support
W. E. Petrie
Health and Safety
Staff
M. E. Kaye
Quality Assurance
Division
E. P. Meier
Exposure
Assessment
Division
J. A. Santolucito
Advanced
Monitoring
Systems Division
D. N. McNelis
Nuclear Radiation
Assessment
Division
E. W. Bretthauer
Tenant Organizations
Office of Radiation
Programs
Las Vegas Facility
D W. Hendncks
Office for Civil
Rights
Personnel Office
Las Vegas
A. Sandoval, Jr.
Regional Services
Staff
R
E Jaquish
Las Vegas
Accounting Office
A. Lewis
FTS Telephone No. 595-2969
Commercial Telephone No. (702) 595-2969
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Research Program FY1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $5400 $1,190 $5,047 $2624
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 123
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Environmental Monitoring of Three Mile Island—
Provided emergency monitoring of radioactivity in
the environment from the Three Mile Island
reactor accident and coordinated a long-term
interagency monitoring program of the area.
Prepared a complete data base of all known
environmental radiation measurements taken
near three Mile Island from March 28 to May 1,
1979, for the President's Commission on Three
Mile Island.
2. Quality Assurance Programs—Completed a three-
year program of quality assurance audits of Region
IX air quality monitoring stations and initiated an
Agency quality assurance program for hazardous
waste monitoring.
3. Airborne Laser Fluorosensor—Achieved a
significant breakthrough in developing this
method of monitoring chlorophyll a in surface
waters by discovering a method to reduce
interference from suspended solids.
4. Exposure Monitoring System for Pristine Areas—
Developed by EMSL-LV and adopted by several
international organizations for the Biosphere
Reserves Program.
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Research Program 1. Solid Waste
• Design and develop a national quality
assurance program for hazardous wastes
monitoring and measurement.
• Evaluate, improve, or develop sampling and
analytical methods needed for monitoring
hazardous wastes.
• Provide research and development and
technical assistance in measurement,
monitoring, and quality .assurance to support
the Office of Solid Waste in the promulgation
of regulations under the Resources Conser-
vation and Recovery Act.
• Develop guidelines for monitoring hazardous
waste sites and for assessing exposure to
pollutants from those sites.
• Coordinate and provide field monitoring,
analytical support, and emergency response to
hazardous waste problemsthat require special
technical capabilities available within the
Office of Research and Development.
2. Water Quality
• Apply statistical scenarios to design more
economical monitoring systems for water
quality assessment and control.
• Develop and test techniques to assess toxic
substances in surface waters of the semi-arid
areas of western synfuel development.
• Develop overhead photography and spectral
scanning techniques for assessing
environmental impact on water quality and for
monitoring compliance with water pollution
control regulations.
• Provide a quality assurance program for
measurement of radionuclides in
environmental waters and wastewater.
• Develop and apply an airborne laser
fluorosensor for rapid, synoptic measurement
and mapping of chlorophyll a in lakes and
estuaries.
• Investigate effluents from publicly owned
treatment works (POTW) to determine the type
94
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and concentration of toxic substances
discharged to receiving waters.
Correlate trophic index values for lakes with
multispectral scans to develop a cost-effective
remote sensing technique for determining the
trophic state of lakes.
3. Drinking Water
• Provide a national quality assurance program
for radiochemical analyses of drinking water
as mandated by the Safe Drinking Water Act
and the National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations.
4. Municipal Wastewater and Spill Prevention
• Develop airborne monitoring techniques to
identify surface and subsurface discharges
from municipal wastewater facilities and
characterize their impacts on turbidity of
receiving waters.
• Optimize techniques for analyzing infrared
photographs to detect septic system failures.
• From aerial photographs, assess spill potential
from oil and hazardous materials storage and
transportation facilities.
• Analyze historical and current aerial
photographs to locate and evaluate
uncontrolled hazardous materials disposal
sites.
• Provide a quality assurance program to
support the'national program for investigation
of uncontrolled waste sites.
5. Chemical Testing and Assessment
• Develop guidelines for validating models that
will predict the transport and fate of organic
pollutants in aquatic environments, and test
the guidelines on a designated stream.
• Determine whether specific microbial systems
can be used to detect 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-
dibenzo-p-dioxin in environmental samples.
• Develop a rapid Fourier transform infrared
method for analyzing organic pollutants and
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design a pran for developing methods for rapid
multielemental analysis of inorganics.
• Conduct a study in southeastern Ohio that
evaluates available monitoring techniques,
provides a basis for identifying potentially
exposed populations, and provides a data base
in order to establish an ongoing capability
within EPA for monitoring human exposure to
environmental toxics and carcinogens.
6. Gases and Particles
• Perform airborne and land-based monitoring
with state-of-the-art in situ and remote
sensors to assist Program and Regional
Offices in assessing air quality.
• Provide a quality assurance program for
measurements of radionuclides in air and for
biological monitoring of air quality.
7. Ox/dants
• Develop airborne laser systems to study large-
scale oxidant transport and perturbation of
oxidant levels by natural and manmade
sources.
• Develop a modular air quality monitoring
package to use in light aircraft for making
three-dimensional measurements of urban air
masses and plumes.
• Obtain measurements with airborne
instrumentation to assist the Agency in
characterizing three-dimensional oxidant
development and transport for the Eastern
Corridor Oxidant Study.
8. Energy
• Develop and evaluate techniques for mapping
and assessing visibility in the west.
9. /on/zing Radiation
• Provide a comprehensive national quality
assurance program for measurements of
radionuclides in environmental media.
10. Nuclear Testing Safety Program for the U.S
Department of Energy (DOE)
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• Monitor airborne, surface, and subsurface
radioactivity and radiation exposures to
individuals at all United States sites of
underground nuclear tests.
• Construct individual and cumulative fallout
patterns for atmospheric nuclear tests
conducted from 1953 to 1962.
• Provide off-site radiation safety support for
nuclear tests through aerial tracking and
ground-level monitoring, and take actions
necessary to reduce population exposure.
• Measure radionuclides in persons living near
the Nevada Test Site.
• Measure radionuclide burdens in domestic
and wild animals living nearthe DOE's nuclear
test sites, and investigate claims of radiation
damage to these animals.
• Direct the Medical Liaison Officer Network and
assist the DOE by investigating claims against
the Government for radiation injury.
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Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Mission • Determine the multimedia environmental impact of
energy and industrial processes.
• Ensure development of control technology and
process modifications in order to establish and meet
standards for air, water, and solid wastes in a timely
and cost-effective manner.
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John K. Burchard
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Director, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory—Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Senior Official for Research and Development,
Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina
Carnegie Tech—B.S.
Carnegie Tech—MS
Carnegie Tech—Ph.D. (Engineering) 1962
Federal Executive Institute
Director, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, 1974-Present
Senior ORD Official, 1977-Present
Director, Control Systems Laboratory, Office of
Research and Development, 1972-1974
Branch Chief, Control Systems Division, National Air
Pollution Control Administration, 1971-1972
Assistant Director, Control Systems Division, National
Air Pollution Control Administration, 1970-1971
Chief Scientist, Combustion Power Company, Menlo
Park, California, 1968-1970
Staff Scientist, United Technology Center, Sunnyvale,
California, 1961-1968
Professional
Affiliations:
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Sigmi Xi
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Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Director
•Dr. John K. Burchard
Deputy Director
Vacant
Office of Program
Operations
Energy Assessment
and Control Division
FTS Telephone No. 629-2821
Commercial Telephone No. (919) 541-2821
700
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$5,365 $38,022
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$5,643 $36,783
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 83
Recent
Accomplishments
1. Significant Cost Saving, for Control of Fly Ash
Projected from Pilot Scale Jest of Novel Two-Stage
Electrostatic Precipitator
2. New Stationary Gas Turbine Combust or Allows
Environmentally Acceptable Combustion of
Synthetic Liquid Fuels
3. Dry SO2 Control Program Initiated
4. Low NO* Burner Development and Field
Evaluation
5. Energy Shavings Through Environmental Control
Technology
6. Synfuel Pollutants Identified
1. Review of Coal Cleaning for Industrial Boilers
Research Program
Three-fold approach to stationary source pollution
control:
• Environmental assessment to determine the
feasibility/cost/benefit of proposed technologies as
compared to present methods.
707
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• Environmental control technology development—
research, develop and demonstrate control
technologies where needed.
» Technology transfer—dissemination of knowledge
gained and of technologies developed by EPA and by
the scientific community.
1. Flue Gas Desulfurization
• Develop and demonstrate technology to
prevent or abate sulfur dioxide emissions from
utility and industrial power sources.
• Make available near-term technology to meet
emission standards for sulfur dioxide.
• Permit use of high-sulfur fuels without undue
environmental degradation.
• Accelerate development and commercializa-
tion of technology to meet expanded use of
coal while protecting the environment
(national energy program, conversions, etc.).
2. Fine Paniculate Emissions Control
• Develop and demonstrate control technologies
to remove large fractions of under 3-micron-
size particles.
• Identify capabilities and improve performance
of existing equipment and technology.
• Identify and develop new technology.
• Develop technology for use with low-sulfur
coal.
• Develop technology for HP/HT processes for
cleanup of advanced energy processes.
• Develop technology for control of fugitive
particulate emissions.
• Develop technology for controJ of particulate
emissions from diesel engines.
3. Flue Gas Treatment Program for NO* and
SOx/A/0* Control
• Determine need for FGT technology by
development of: (a) Nitrogen Oxide Control
Strategy and (b) Economic Assessments.
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• Develop processes for control of nitrogen oxide
and for simultaneous control of nitrogen
oxide/sulfur oxide.
4. Thermal Pollution Control
• Develop advanced cooling technology for
waste heat rejection from power plants.
• Demonstrate models and measurement
methdds applicable to consumptive water use
and thermal plumes.
• Develop and demonstrate cooling water intake
structures which are more environmentally
acceptable than present ones.
• Provide technical support for development of
effluent guidelines and to assist Program and
Regional Offices.
• Develop waste heat utilization techniques for
agricultural/aquacultural applications.
5. Waste and Water Control Program for
Conventional Combustion
• Develop environmentally acceptable, cost-
effective technology for:
— Disposal or utilization of solid wastes from
power plants.
— Minimizing or eliminating liquid discharges
from power plants, with emphasis on water
recycle/reuse.
6. Conventional Combustion Environmental
Assessment
• Provide the data and information needed to
define the requirements for standards and
control technologies through the following
approach.
— Determining the extent to which available
information can be used to assess the total
environmental, economic and energy
impacts of conventional combustion
processes.
— Identifying and acquiring additional
information needed for assessment.
703
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— Defining the requirements for modifying
present control technologies or for
developing new control technologies.
— Making recommendations for the
development of standards and control
technologies.
7. Combustion Modification
• Develop and demonstrate combustion
modification technology to control nitrogen
oxides and related pollutants generated by
combustion applicable to:
— Utility Boilers
— Commercial Boilers
— Industrial Boilers
— Residential Heating Systems
— Industrial Process Furnaces
— Stationary Engines
— Advanced Processes
• Evaluate effects of the application of
combustion modifications through
environmental assessment.
8. Fluidized Bed Combustion
• Environmentally assess FBC technologies
• Develop environmental goals through
environmental assessment.
• Utilizing multimedia environmental goals,
determine best control/disposal technologies
for FBC.
• Assess and test technology for control of sulfur
oxide, nitrogen oxide emissions, solid wastes
and other multimedia pollutants from fluid bed
combustion systems as needed.
9. Advanced Oil
• Conduct multimedia environmental
assessments of existing and projected
processing and utilization technologies for
residual oil use.
10. Coal Cleaning
• Complete environmental assessment of all
coal cleaning processes.
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• Develop control technology for coal cleaning
plants.
• Develop physical and chemical coal cleaning
technology to permit use of high-sulfur coal.
11. Synthetic Fuels
• Assess the environmental impact of the
emerging coal-based synthetic fuels industry.
• Develop and demonstrate appropriate
multimedia control technology.
1 2. Chemical Processes
• Identify and characterize chemical industry
pollution discharges, particularly ih:
— Agricultural Chemicals
— Petroleum Refineries
— Petrochemicals
— Shipboard Incinerators
— Textiles
— Conventional Combustion Systems
• Conduct multimedia assessments as needed.
• Develop and demonstrate control technology
as needed.
1 3. Metallurgical Processes
• Identify major multimedia pollution sources,
including solid wastes, in the steel-making,
ferroalloy, and irdh and steel foundry
industries.
• Conduct environmental assessments on
identified sources in iron and steel industries.
• Conduct engineering studies to show industry-
wide applicability of demonstrated domestic
and foreign pollution control technology.
• Develop and demonstrate control technology
for priority sources.
14. Process Measurements
• Develop, evaluate, and assist in the application
of sampling and analytical techniques for all
Laboratory programs.
705
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• Develop and maintain a Laboratory-wide
quality assurance program to ensure reliability
and accuracy of data developed by laboratory
programs.
15. Integrated Assessment—Coal
• Identify environmentally, socially, and
economically acceptable alternatives for
meeting national energy supply objectives.
• Assist in the selection of optimum policies for
the attainment of associated environmental
quality goals.
706
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Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mission Develop cost-effective techniques to prevent, control, or
abate pollution impacts associated with the extraction,
processing, conversion and use of mineral resources,
with industrial processing and manufacturing and with
new energy technologies. Identify and assess industrial,
mining and energy-related sources of pollution and
develop and demonstrate technologythat will leadtothe
following:
• Cost-effective pollutant removal and disposal
techniques.
• Changes in pollution-generating industrial
processes to reduce or eliminate wastes;
development of new, nonpolluting processes.
• Closed-loop systems to eliminate waste discharge to
the environment.
• Recovery of wastes and energy as usable by-
products.
• Improved methodologies and techniques for
preventing, limiting, and cleaning up spills of oil and
hazardous materials.
• Environmentally acceptable energy technologies
and energy conservation methods.
• Cost-effective and environmentally acceptable
industrial solid wastes processing and disposal
techniques.
• Evaluation and assistance to public and private
sectors on industrial toxic pollutants.
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David G. Stephan Director, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory—Cincinnati, Ohio
Senior Official, Research and Development,
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Professional Director, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Experience: and Senior Official for Research and Development,
1975-Present
Director, Office of Program Management, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Washington, DC
1971-1975
Assistant Commissioner for Research and
Development, Federal Water Quality Administration,
DOI, Washington, DC 1968-1970
Director of Research, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, DOI, Washington, DC, 1966-1968
Deputy Chief, Basic and Applied Sciences Branch,
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, PHS,
DHEW, Washington, DC, 1965-1966
Deputy Chief Advanced Waste Treatment Research
Program, PHS, Robert A Taft Sanitary Engineering
Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1960-1965
Chief, Air Pollution Control Equipment Research, PHS,
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1955-1960
Technologist, National Lead Company of Ohio Fernald
Ohio, 1952-1955
Professional Air Pollution Control Association—past member
Affiliations: American Chemical Society
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
American Public Works Association
Federal Water Quality Association
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International Association on Water Pollution Research
(Governing Board)
Marine Technology Society (Director, 1970-1973)
Water Pollution Control Federation
Honors: Diplomat, American Academy of Environmental
Engineers
Registered Professional Engineer (Ohio)
Superior Service Award for Meritorious Achievement,
DHEW (April 1965)
Distinguished Alumnus—College of Engineering, Ohio
State University (March 1970)
705
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Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Director
Dr. D. G. Stephan
Deputy Director
W. A. Cawley
Industrial Pollution
Control Division
Energy Pollution
Control Division
FTS Telephone No. 684-4402
Commercial Telephone No. (513) 684-4402
770
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Research Program FY 1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $3,838 $12,929 $4,084 $12,023
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 74
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Office of Research and Development Clean-Up
Support of Chemical Waste—Supported EPA
Region III and Emergency Response Team with a
massive cleanup effort in the Pittston,
Pennsylvania area of a 670 mile-long oil slick. The
oil slick was traced to a mine drainage tunnel
located at Pittston and contained a mixture of
industrial waste chemicals including
dichlorobenzene and other toxic compounds. Over
500 on-site analyses were performed on board
ORD's Mobile Spills Laboratory and the clean-up
efforts were successful.
2. U.S. Coast Guard Adopts lERL-Ci Developed
Technology—Provided U.S. Coast Guard with
technology incorporating high pressure water jet
concept into the U.S. Coast Guard skimmer
design. The Coast Guard ZRV skimmer is now
capable of operating at speeds between two or
three times as fast as conventional skimmers, and
the water jets will permit it to improve its oil
collection rate an additional 80% as well.
3. Closed Water Cycle Process Reduces Wastewater
Discharge of Hardboard Industry—Assessed and
demonstrated a closed-cycle process that reduced
wastewater discharges by a wet process
hardboard manufacturing plant from 200,000
gallons per day to 5,000 gallons per day. Other
hardboard plants and, potentially, insulation board
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and non-chemical pulping plants should be able to
achieve results similar to those demonstrated in
this project by using this closed-cycle process.
4. Mobile Regenerator- for Granular Activated
Carbon Developed—Developed and operates a
trailer-mounted system for in-field regeneration of
granular activated carbon that has been used
(spent) in the clean-up of hazardous material
contaminated water from spills or abandoned
hazardous waste disposal sites. This system
produces regenerated carbon cost effectively and
in an environmentally safe manner and, in
particular, will make granular activated carbon
available for immediate reuse for the EPA
Environmental Emergency Response Unit.
5. Control Action Guidance Videotape Produced on
Friable Sprayed-On Asbestos-Containing
Materials in Buildings—Produced a videotape
entitled What Your School Can Do About Friable
Asbestos-Containing Materials which is a direct
response to a request from the Office of Toxic
Substances. The purpose of this 1 6 mm soundfilm
is to alert school officials to the health hazards of
airborne asbestos fibers and to provide guidance
on various remedial actions.
6. Sensitive Analytical Procedure Developed for the
Analysis of Dioxins in IndustrialSludges—
Developed a high resolution gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry analytical methodology for the
determination of ultra trace levels (parts per
trillion) of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in diverse
chemical samples, including industrial wastes,
sediments, and process streams. This methodol-
ogy will be useful to the Regions in determining
the extent of dioxin contamination from chemical
plants.
7. Demonstration and Evaluation of the Use of
Waterborne Coatings for the Wood Furniture
Industry—Developed and demonstrated a method
for commercial production of wood furniture
utilizing water-based as opposed to solvent-based
finishes. Waterborne coatings are recognized by
the industry and the Agency to be the most
promising viable alternative for the high efficiency
reduction of volatile organic compound emissions
from the wood furniture industry.
8. Optimized Baghouse Performance for Controlling
Asbestos Fiber Emissions—Evaluated baghouse
performance with optimization of baghouse
772
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operating parameters such as shake amplitude,
shake duration and shake interval in achievement
of several-fold improvements in ba'ghouse fiber
collection efficiency. It has been proven that
baghouses with mass efficiencies of practically
100% emit large amounts of asbestos fibers. Thus,
it is important to establish baghouse efficiency
criteria which are specific to collection of asbestos
fibers.
Research Program 1. Industrial Processes—Water Quality
• Assess the magnitude of industrial pollution
problems; the economic, environmental, and
energy use efficiency of existing technologies;
and, the potential for developing new
technologies. Research, develop and
demonstrate technology necessary to reduce
or eliminate the discharge of pollutants from
material processing industrial point sources.
Included are industries involved in the
production of chemicals, textiles, pulp, paper,
wood products, metal fabrication and metal
finishing, nonferrous and mineral production,
rubber, plastics, transportation equipment,
and miscellaneous industries such as the
laundry and dry cleaning industry.
2. Fuel Processing, Preparation, and Advanced
Combustion
• Assure that adequate pollution control
technology is developed and evaluated for
emerging energy processes by assessment of
oil shale processing, synfuels from non-coal,
in situ coal gasification as well as new
emerging energy sources. Develop and
demonstrate alternative cost-effective control
methods for pollutant discharges from the
emerging energy processes.
3. Fuel Extraction
• Assess multi-media environmental impacts
from oil and gas production, storage and
transportation facilities, active and abandoned
mining operations, transportation and
beneficiation processes. Develop and
demonstrate economic pollution control
technology for these operations.
4. Energy Assessment of Conventional and
Advanced Energy Systems
• Evaluate environmental impacts of various
energy conservation methods and advanced
773
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energy systems under development by
industry and other Federal agencies. Identify
environmental problems associated with
these processes and, subsequently develop
and demonstrate economical means of
pollutant control technology. Assure that the
environmental, economic and social impacts
of alternative energy supply and use patterns
on regional and national levels are anticipated
so that environmentally acceptable
approaches to energy supply and use can be
developed and implemented.
5. Industrial Processes—Air Quality
• Assess industrial'air pollution emissions and
develop and demonstrate pollution control
technologies capable of reducing or
eliminating potentially hazardous and toxic
pollutant emissions from industrial point
sources. Develop technical and cost data bases
which support regulatory standards
development and provide industries such as
chemical processing, agrichemicals, textiles,
pulp and paper, metal fabrication and
finishing, metal and minerals production,
petroleum refining, and storage segments, as
well as those emissions resulting from
hazardous material incidents with
environmental control options.
6. Solid Waste Control Technology (Industrial)
• Develop cost-effective technology for
elimination of detrimental environmental
effects from materials released into the
environment from disposal of solid and
hazardous industrial wastes, develop
improved methods for the recovery of
resources, including energy; develop methods
to minimize environmental impacts of land
disposal sites, develop and demonstrate
environmentally acceptable means of disposal
of industrial waste treatment sludges. Assess,
develop and demonstrate methods to prevent
and control environmental damage created by
solid wastes from general mining activities;
demonstrate technology for environmentally
acceptable management of non-ferrous
smelter residues.
7. Industrial Processes—Toxics
• Identify and quantify toxic pollutants from
industrial point sources. Evaluate process
114
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alternatives in terms of environmental
acceptability based on toxic pollutant criteria.
Provide technical assistance and assessments
of toxic substances as impurities in
commercially available chemicals. Provide
assistance on matters of process chemistry on
the synthesis of toxic substances. Provide
evaluations of the potential for substituting
less toxic material for toxic components.
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Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mission Develop technology, systems, processes and improved
management practices to prevent, control and treat
pollutants that affect communities and municipalities.
Included are the development and demonstration of
cost-effective methods in the areas of sewage and
wastewaters, solid and hazardous wastes, and public
drinking water supplies. Specific activities are to:
• Develop and demonstrate new and improved
technology to control, treat and/or prevent a wide
variety of pollutants, including the wastewaters
from the sanitary sewage, storm and combined
sewer flows, and runoff and industrial wastewaters
discharged into municipal sewers.
• Develop new and improved technology for
collection, transportation practices, processing and
disposal, and recovery of valuable resources from
solid and hazardous wastes.
• Develop technology to maintain and improve
drinking water supplies and distribution systems.
Included are better methods for the control and
removal of contaminants, the prevention of water
quality deterioration during storage and distribution,
and research to lower the cost of producing and
distributing drinking water.
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Francis T. Mayo Director, Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory—Cincinnati, Ohio
Education: University of Utah—B.S. (Civil Engineering) 1950
Professional Director, Municipal Environmental Research
Experience: Laboratory, 1976-Present
Regional Administrator, EPA, Region V, 1970-1976
Director, Division of Planning and Interagency
Programs, Federal Water Quality Administration,
1968-1970
Regional Enforcement Representative, San Francisco
Regional Office, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, 1966-1968
Chief, Water Resources Division, Utah State
Engineer's Office, 1952-1966
US. Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, 1950-1952
Professional Registered Professional Engineer, State of Utah
Affiliations: Alternate Commissioner, Great Lakes Basin
Commission, 1970
Commissioner, Great Lakes Basin Commission, 1971-
1976
US Co-Chairman, Great Lakes Water Quality
Advisory Board, International Joint Commission,
1971-1976
Commissioner, Ohio River Basin Commission, 1971-
1976
Commissioner, Upper Mississippi River Basin
Commission, 1972-1975
Commissioner, Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation
Commission, 1972-1976
American Water Works Association
Water Pollution Control Federation
117
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Honors: Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary)
Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary)
Distinguished Alumnus 1977, Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Utah
118
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Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Director
Francis T. Mayo
Deputy Director
Louis W. Lefke
1
d and
us Waste
T Division
d L Hill
al Branch
Schomaker
ng Branch
bert Klee
Wastewater
Research Division
John J. Convery
H
Systems and
Evaluation Branch
Dr. Carl A. Brunner
Technology
Development
Support Branch
Dolloff F. Bishop
Treatment Process
Development
Branch
1
Drinkinc
Research
Gordon G
Microb
Treatme
•«
Edwin E.
Physi
Chemica
Bra
Dr. Jame
Dr. Robert L. Bunch
FTS Telephone No. 684-7951
Commercial Telephone No. (513) 684-7951
119
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$7,194 $25,204
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$7,136 $18,705
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 161
Recent
Accomplishment
1. Improvement in the Agency's Proposed Hazardous
Waste Regulations—Incorporated and integrated
the latest research knowledge into the Agency's
proposed hazardous waste regulations. Four
MERL experts were named by Mr. Costle to assist
the Office of. Solid Waste with hazardous waste
regulation development to meet a court-imposed
deadline. Their contributions resulted in a
complete revision of -the basic approach to the
regulatory management of hazardous wastes from
a static, fixed posture to a dynamic one.
2. Giardiasis Reports Produced—Produced a number
of reports dealing with the removal or inactivation
of Giardia Iambi/a cysts by water treatment
processes. Giardiasis, the disease caused by the
protozoan microorganism has been the most
common waterborne disease in the U.S. for the
last several years. The reports include information
on the survival of cysts in water, inactivation by
chlorine, the efficiency of water filtration
processes for cyst removal, and publication of the
proceedings of a symposium on the waterborne
transmission of giardiasis.
3.
720
Land Application of Sludge—Demonstrated that
municipalities and farmers are natural partners
and mutual benficiaries of a system of responsible
and well-managed land application of sludge.
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Since 1977 the Ohio Farm Bureau has worked
with MERL to promote the economical and safe
disposal of -sewage sludge on the land. The
success of this project will serve as a model for
future land application practices.
4. Cost of Water Supply Treatment Processes—
Compiled and published a four-volume report on
the cost of water supply treatment processes. The
document contains costs for 99 unit processes and
provides examples of how cost analyses can be
conducted. It shows typical flowcharts for several
of the processes, and offers help for efficient use of
the data with the computer.
5. Compliance with Hazardous Waste 'Regulations
Delineation—Completed two major protocols for
complying with hazardous waste regulations. One
protocol deals with linear technology; the other
with chemical fixation. They will be used by permit
writers, consultants and landfill operators in the
selection of appropriate lining materials and
fixation techniques for their specific needs.
6. Techniques for Removal of Organic So/vents from
Drinking Water—Provided important information
on the usefulness of treatmenttechniques such as
aeration and adsorption for removing organic
solvents from drinking water. The increasing
incidence of ground water contamination
prompted several cooperative pilot scale studies
with the U.S. Air Force, and with water utilities on
the east coast.
1. Point-of-Use Water Treatment Devices—Reported
on tests of four commercially available point-of-
use water treatment devices which claimed to
remove organics from drinking water. The report
indicates that the removal of chemicals such as
chlorine and trihalomethanes by these devices is
marginal, and that the growth of microorganisms
in the filters sometimes result in higher bacterial
populations in the effluent than in the influent
water.
8. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Design Manual—
Updated revised, and expanded the EPA's design
manual on Sludge Treatment and Disposal to fulfill
the pressing needs of the Regional Offices and
consulting engineers. Four thousand copies were
distributed at the annual meeting of the Water
Pollution Control Federation in October 1979.
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9. Thermal Decomposition—Analytical System-
Designed, assembled and successfully tested a
thermal decomposition analytical system to
provide preuse and accurate thermal
decomposition data for a wide variety of organic
materials. This laboratory system will be able to
test small amounts of toxics and other organic
substances to determine fundamental
decomposition data economically and on a quick
response basis.
10. Implementation of the Innovative and Alternative
Technology Program—Established a special five-
man Technical Support Groupto helpthe Regional
Construction Grants Offices implement the
Innovative and Alternative Technology Program.
Developed and presented numerous I&A
Technology Assessment Seminars for
Federal/State personnel and consulting
engineers.
11. Design Procedure for Wastewater Systems—
Developed a computer-aided design procedure for
the preliminary synthesis and evaluation of
wastewater treatment and sludge disposal
systems. It permits the designer to identify the
combination of treatment processes and disposal
options that will best meet stated criteria on
effluent quality, cost/energy consumption, land
utilization and subjective undesirability. The
procedure has been used to analyze cost and
energy trade-offs for a problem containing over
15,000 alternative system configurations.
12. Alcohol as Fuel—Developed methods for
converting waste to sugar for production of alcohol
as fuel. The most promising approach involves
conversion of waste cellulose (paper, newsprint,
crop wastes, etc.) into glucose by the acid
hydrolosis process followed by conventional
glucose fermentation to ethyl alcohol. Alcohol
production from waste for use as gasoline
extender appears to be more economically
attractive than current practices of producing
alcohol from agricultural grain crops.
33. Innovative and Alternative Technology
Asssessment Manual—This document will be the
major guidance and information document to
support the Agency's three-year Innovative and
Alternative Technology Program. It contains cost,
performance, design and energy information on
1 17 municipal treatment technologies.
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14. Water Filtration of Asbestos—Prepared a report on
asbestos fiber removal by water filtration. This
report brings together the available information on
water filtration for removal of asbestos fibers. On
the basis of available data, we can conclude that
when water is conditioned properly before
filtration and the turbidity of the water is 0.10 ntu
or lower after filtration, the asbestiform fiber count
of the water will generally be in the low range of
104 to 10s fibers per liter, if fibers are detected in
the finished water.
15. Construction of a Pollution Control Technology
Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio—
Designed for maximum flexibility, a wide variety of
sewage and sludges are piped in the building and
can-be made available at any of 16 stations
distributed around the 25,000 square foot, two
story high experimental area. Mixtures of
industrial and municipal wastes are available.
Current work includes the fate of priority
pollutants in conventional sewerage systems for
the office of Water Planning and Standards.
1 6. Viral Presence in Drinking Water—Provided the
Office of Drinking Water with a report on the
presence of viruses in drinking water. MERL's
participation in a Report to Congress on virus
contamination of water contributed to the
scientific base for describing the current status of
the problem of viruses and drinking water, and
recommends specific areas in which further
research is needed.
17. Carbon Reactivation in an Electric Furnace—
Evaluated an electric furnace to show that
granular carbon could be reactivated effectively
and economically. Two reactivation cycles were
completed at a filtration plant during 1979 using
an infrared tunnel furnace. The exhausted
activated carbon was restored to near-virgin
conditions (less than 5% loss in volume), and the
costs were very competitive with fossil fuel
furnaces. The project was designed to give the
Office of Drinking Water supportive data for a
treatment regulation on controlling trace organics
at water treatment plants vulnerable to upstream
industrial waste discharges.
18. National O&M Cause and Effect Survey—
Completed a national O&M cause and effect
survey, the first large-scale research effort to
identify and quantify specific cause and effect
relationships in problems of performance,
723
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operation and maintenance of biological
wastewater treatment plants. Prepared a user-
oriented field manual to help implement
composite correction programs.
19. Field Study to Document the Cost-effectiveness of
Water Treatment Package Plants—Results
indicate that, with proper operation, package
treatment plants can remove a wide range of
contaminants. Two reports are being prepared.
One deals with the results from the field data and
is centered around removal efficiency. The other is
a detailed examination of the economics of the
small utilities, their package plant system, and
cost performance relationships.
20. Small Water Supply Systems Study—Compiled
and published a two-volume report containing
results from the small water supply systems study.
An economic impact analysis in which
incremental treatment trains were added to an
existing system revealed that small water systems
costs could more than double under certain
conditions. These results have significance for
EPA in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act
in small utilities.
Research Program 1. Drinking Water Supplies and Treatment Systems
• Physical and Chemical Contaminants. Organic
contaminants, inorganic contaminants,
particulate contaminants, economic analysis,
and distribution system water quality are five
major areas of research. Conduct laboratory
and pilot scale studies to establish drinking
water standards.
• Control of Microbiological Contaminants.
Develop information and methodology to
combat waterborne disease and deleterious
effects on the water and its distribution
system. Emphasis is on enteric viruses,
Giardia lamblia, alternate disinfection
methodology, and growth of microorganisms
in storage and distribution systems.
2. Urban Systems and Residuals Management
• Municipal Sludge Management. Includes:
processing and treatment to separate
insoluble and adsorbed impurities; pathogenic
organisms, and toxic substances from the
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water phase; the conversion of these to more
acceptable forms; the disposal of residues,
most often on the land. Most recent intensive
interest is in land application management and
disposal.
• Wastewater Treatment Technology Reliability
Energy and Cost-Effectiveness. Develop
improved operating and maintenance
practices and instrument control systems.
Published surveyed 0 & M information in the
form of guidance documents.
• Toxics Control. Effect control of toxic materials
in the wastewater treatment cycle at the
source, as pretreatment, within plants, or in
residuals management.
3. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
• Landfilling Solid Waste. Develop information
on disposal site location, design, operation,
and closure procedures to minimize
environmental impacts due to landfills.
• Alternative Methods of Waste Residual
Disposal to Land. Evaluate land cultivation,
waste spreading, underground storage, deep
well injection, and disposal in coastal ar-eas as
alternatives to landfilling.
• Minimizing the Environmental Impact of
Unacceptable Land Disposal Sites. Generate
guidance documents to assist users in
selecting landfill sites where gas and leachate
pollution may be minimized, and provide
technjology for remedial action at unacceptable
inoperative land disposal sites.
• Processing/Treatment of Hazardous
Materials. Develop disposal techniques for
pesticides and other hazardous wastes.
Emphasis is on such methods as direct
disposal through encapsulation, incineration,
irradiation, and biodegradation.
• Recovery and Reuse of Waste Materials.
Develop and evaluate technology for
recovering materials and energy from solid
waste and pursue means of assisting
communities to overcome the institutional,
'marketing, waste source and economic
uncertainties associated with implementing
resource recovery programs.
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4. Wastewater Systems Control Technology
• New Treatment Alternatives for NPDES
Requirements. Develop pilot plant testing and
demonstrations to implement new and
upgraded technology; e.g., for effluent
disinfection, control of nutrient and hazardous
organics, upgrading of existing plants, and
new biological systems.
• Reuse of Municipal Wastewater Effluent.
Demonstrate the feasibility and practicability
of reusing wastewater for both potable and
non-potable purposes, emphasizing direct
reuse, surface and groundwater recharge, and
source substitution to conserve high quality
supplies.
• Small Wastewater Flows. Develop new and
upgraded technologies for improved treatment
and disposal of wastewaters from individual
homes, rural communities, and recreational
sources.
• Combined Sewer Overflow. Improve wet
weather decision making techniques through
the collection and analysis of assessment
information from project performance and cost
data. Determine the relative sensitivity of
various receiving waters.
• Urban Stormwater Impact Quantification and
Technology Development. Working with other
programs (208, 108, 314, etc.) and Federal
Agencies, -assess and determine relative
sensitivity of various receiving waters.
Evaluate cost-effectiveness of semistructural
methods and non-structural management
practices.
5. Acid Rain {Anticipatory) Research
• Determine the scope of acid rain impacts on
the nation's drinking water systems. Predict
where acid rain may have important impacts in
the future. Estimate the nature and extent of
remedial action necessary to correct the
problem.
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Environmental Sciences
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Mission Determine the effects of air pollution on urban, regional,
and global atmospheres and the subsequent impact on
air and water quality and land use. Knowledge gained is
used to develop the technical basis for air pollution
control strategies. Specific activities are to:
• Develop techniques, methods, and instruments for
the identification and measurement of pollutants
and toxic substances, in stationary and mobile
source emissions, and in the ambient air.
• Measure and characterize stationary and mobile
source emissions from existing and new sources.
• Characterize gaseous and aerosol pollutants and
toxic substances in ambient air by identifying
sources, determining reaction rates and
mechanisms of chemical transformations
(formation and removal) of pollutants during
transport.
• Assess the effects of airborne pollutants on visibility,
materials, weather and climate.
• Develop air quality simulation models and apply
dispersion, transport, and concentration models
used for relating source emissions and air quality,
and for forecasting potential pollution crises.
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Alfred H. Ellison
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Director, Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory—Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Boston College—BS., 19.50
Tufts College—M.S, 1951
Georgetown University—Ph.D., 1956
Director, Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory, 1979-Present
Deputy Director, Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1975-1979
Deputy Director, Chemistry and Physics Laboratory,
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1969-1975
Assistant Manager, Harris Research Laboratories
Division, Gillette Research Institute, 1965-1969
Research Chemist, Texaco Research Center,
1956-1965
Research Chemist, Naval Research Laboratory,
1951-1956
Professional American Chemical Society
Affiliations: Air Pollution Control Association
American Association for the Advancement of
Science
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Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Director
Dr. Alfred H. Ellison
Associate Director
Dr. Basil Dimitriades
Technical Planning
and Review Office
Charles R. Hosier
Emissions
Measurement and
Characterization
Division
Atmospheric
Chemistry and
Physics Division
Meteorology and
Assessment
Division
Dr. Jack Wagman
Stationary Source
Gas Kinetics and
Research Branch
Dr. K. L. Demenian
Aerosol Research
Research Branch
Research Branch
Dr. Jack Durham
Inorganic Pollutant
Analysis Branch
Robert K. Stevens
Organic Pollutant
Analysis Branch
Dr Philip L. Hanst
Laboratory Support
Office
Gloria J. Koch
Regional Field
Studies Office
Dr William Wilson
FTS Telephone No. 629-2191
Commercial Telephone No. (919) 541-2191
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Research Program FY 1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $5559 $17,321 $5,979 $21,120
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 107
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Graphite/'Epoxy Composite Study—Determined
that the disposal of graphite/epoxy composite
waste materials by conventional refuse
incineration would result in the release of large
amounts of both intact and partly degraded
graphite fibers; determined that dusts generated
by sawing or drilling graphite/epoxy composites
contain a significant number of fibers free of the
resin matrix, with the possible generation of more
respirable fiber fragments with diameters less
than those (6-8 jum) produced during the fiber
manufacturing process.
2. Dohrman DC-50 Analyzer Test—Successfully
completed the performance testing at a maleic
anhydride plant of a Dohrman DC-50 analyzer, for
measuring nonmethane organic carbon emissions
from chemical and petrochemical industries.
3. In-Stack Diffusion Particle Size Classifier—
Successfully field tested a newly developed in-
stack diffusion particle size classifier at an oil-fired
power plant and in a jet engine test eel I. The device
separates submicron particles into four size
fractions with cut points of 0.03, 0.05,0.1, and 0.2
/jm.
4. Sulfuric Acid Vapor Monitor—Developed and
successfully field tested a prototype in-situ
sulfuric acid vapor monitor, capable of selective
730
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monitoring real time concentrations of sulfuric
acid vapor in stack gas emissions.
5. Regional Air Pollution Study—Documented the
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), conducted in
the St. Louis Air Quality Control region during
1 973-78. Report includes descriptions of nearly all
RAPS and related investigations conducted, as
well as locally operated air quality and
meteorological networks.
6. Aerosol Characterization—Documented the
characterization of atmospheric visibility—
reducing aerosols in the Southwestern U.S. under
Project VISTA.
7. Halocarbon Distribution—Measured the global
atmospheric distributions of a large number of
halocarbons over a three-year period to show that
CHS may be a potential depletor of stratospheric
ozone, due to its long residence time in the
atmosphere.
8. Carcinogenic Compounds—Identified 20 potential
atmospheric carcinogenic compounds for
calculating probable locations of maximum
carcinogenic pollution concentration, based on
source emisis,ons, site locations, and climatology.
9. CO Monitor—Documented the application of a
new CO monitor for ambient air measurements.
The gas filter correlation instrument, designed for
the RAPS, has been used in nine separate studies
to document extreme variability of atmospheric
concentrations of CO in urban environments.
10. User's Guide for RAM—Issued a system of
efficient Gaussian-plume multiple-source air
quality algorithms and also primary algorithms for
urban areas. These algorithms can be used for
estimating air quality concentrations of relatively
nonreactive pollutants for averaging times from an
hour to a day, from point and area sources.
Research Program 1. Atmospheric Chemical and Meteorological
Processes and Effects
• Develop, evaluate and validate air quality
simulation models for predicting and
describing air quality impacts anticipated from
various control abatement strategies.
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• Determme the sources and sinks, kinetics of
formation and removal and chemical/physical
interactions of airborne gaseous and
paniculate matter.
• Quantify the atmospheric effects of air
pollutants on visibility degradation, local
climate, and materials.
2. Air Pollution Characterization and Measurement
• Develop new and/or improved methodology
and instrumentationtechnologyfor measuring
air pollutants in ambient air and from
stationary and mobile sources.
• Identify and characterize emissions from
stationary and mobile sources.
• Characterize urban-rural ambient pollutants
and identify sources.
• Determine the concentration and size
distributions of carbon fibers released to the
atmosphere and develop an adequate
measurement technology for their monitoring.
3. Fate and Effects of Toxic Substances
• Develop and evaluate a model capable of
predicting the exposure of population groups
to organic toxic substances from specific
sources.
• Describe the transformation of toxic organics
in ambient air, including the reaction
mechanisms of brominated and chlorinated
substances.
• Determine the persistence of specific toxic
chemicals in the atmosphere.
• Develop models for defining concentration of
toxic chemicals in air.
4. Characterization and Methods Development for
Toxic Substances in the Environment
• Characterize toxic organics from samples
collected to evaluate exposure near selected
sources.
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• Develop improved separation techniques and
methodologies for analysis of airborne toxic
substances.
• Develop new detectors for high pressure liquid
chromatography.
5. Air Exposures and Their Effects: Diesel Emissions
Research
• Characterize the emissions from in-use diesel
vehicles to provide emission factors for
mutagens, particles, and harmful gases from
consumer-owned diesel passenger cars.
• Develop an improved model for estimating the
exposure of the commuting population to
atmospheric pollutants from gasoline and
diesel powered motor vehicles.
6. Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants in
Ecosystems
• Determine the impact of Western energy
resource development on regional visibility.
• Conduct smog chamber and field studies to
assess the atmospheric transport and
chemistry of emissions from second
generation fossil fuel technology facilities and
from new energy technologies.
• Assess the transport and transformation of
secondary fine particuiates, sulfates, and nitric
acid aerosols from conventional power plants
equipped with various control devices.
• Assess the chemical and physical
characterization and distributions of
nitrate/nitric acid aerosols in areas of the
Eastern United States subject to sources
originating from the Ohio River Valley.
7. Energy-Related Pollutant Measurement and
Instrument Development
• Develop analytical methods and
instrumentation for measuring energy-related
pollutants in ambient air, particularly for fine
particulate sulfate.
• Identify, measure, and characterize the
inorganic compounds, high molecular weight
-organic compounds, and hydrocarbons in
733
AWBERC LIBRARY U.S. EPA
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emissions from power plants, oil refineries,
coal gasification, and liquefaction plants.
8. Anticipatory Research—Acid Precipitation
• Development, validation and application of
regional-scale atmospheric model to examine
the impact of acid precipitation on the Eastern
United States.
• Support to U.S. Department of Agriculture rain
sites in their program to measure atmospheric
concentrations of acids, gases and aerosols.
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Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research
Laboratory
Ada, Oklahoma
Mission
Conduct research, development, and demonstration
activities related to ground water, treatment of waste
water with soil and other natural systems, irrigated
agriculture, animal production, petroleum refining, the
petrochemical industry, and treatment of combined
industrial or mixed industrial and municipal wastes.
Specifically the Laboratory's function Is to:
• Provide EPA with management techniques and
treatment and control technology to reduce or
prevent pollution and environmental exposure to
toxic and hazardous materials.
• Provide EPA with social, economic, and institutional
assessments relative to technological
developments.
• Provide EPA with basic data for the establishment of
guidelines, standards, and criteria.
• Provide technical assistance and support to EPA
Program and Regional Offices.
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William C. Galegar
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Director, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory—Ada. Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma—B.S., 1949
University of Oklahoma—M.S. (Chemical Engineering)
1953
Federal Executive Institute
Director, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory, 1970-Present
Regional Director, South Central Region, FWPCA,
Dallas, Texas, 1967-1970
Director, Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center,
FWPCA, Ada, Oklahoma, 1966-1967
Detailed to Washington, D.C. to establish and
coordinate water pollution control activities with all
other Federal agencies and departments for
FWPCA, 1965-1966
Water Quality Enforcement Section, Dallas Regional
Office of the Public Health Service, Dallas, Texas,
1963-1965
Deputy Director, Arkansas-Red River Basin Water
Quality Conservation Project, 1960-1962
Lecturer in Occupational Health at the School of
Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 1954-1960
Engineer, Oklahoma State Department of Health,
1949-1960
Diplomat in Engineering, American Academy of
Environmental Engineers
Registered Professional Engineer
Sigma Xi
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Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory
Ada, Oklahoma
Director
William C. Galegar
Deputy Director
Marvin L. Wood
Personnel
Coordinator
Carolyn Taylor
Management
Support Staff
Jimmie L. Kmgery
FTS Telephone No. 743-2224
Commercial Telephone No. (405) 332-8800
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$2,446 $3,628
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$2,914 $3,852
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 55
Recent
Accomplishments
1. Ground-Water Aspects of Hazardous Waste
Disposal Regulations—Hazardous Waste Disposal
Regulations have been under consideration for
approximately one year. Recent directives by
OWWM have required that the regulations for
hazardous waste disposal be in first draft by
November 21. A draft of this segment of the
regulations has been submitted to OSW to be
included in the revised RCRA regulations.
2. Determination of Reliability of Hydrogeologic Data
Associated with Industrial Dumps in the Niagara
Falls Area—Techniques used April 18-19, 1979,
at the Hyde Park site make the validity and
usability of the data highly questionable. Other
data generated by the investigation will be used in
litigation brought by EPA against industries
operating the industrial dumps. It is anticipated
that such litigation, scheduled for early 1 980, will
require expert testimony from members of the
Ground Water Research Branch.
3. Cooperative Agreement to Evaluate Nonpoint
S.ource Control Measures for the West Branch
Delaware River, MIP, Delaware County, New
York—The overall purpose is to: verify whether the
controls being installed do contribute to specific
water quality improvement in the WBDR; assess
the effectiveness of specific NPS controls for
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water quality improvement; and attempt to identify
the costs and water quality benefits associated
with specific NFS controls to better understand
the relative cost effectiveness of the controls. The
NPS controls are important because they are to
reduce the phosphorus and other nutrient loads to
the autrophic Cannonsville Reservoir. This study
will be conducted by Cornell and the New York
Department of Environmental Control and will use
data generated by the other research studies to
verify less costly evaluation procedures to be used
on other MIP and RCWP sites throughout the U.S.
4. Applied Research Study at an Animal
Pharmaceutical Plant in Charles City, Iowa—The
plant is unique in that it produces only
Pharmaceuticals for animal husbandry
application. Their predominant waste problem
consists of discharging high concentrations of
arsenic, orthonitroaniline, 2-nitrophenol, 4-
nitrophenol, phenol, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and
1,1,2-trichloroethane to the POTW in Charles City,
Iowa. The results of the study were forwarded to
Region VII and Effluent Guidelines Division. A
meeting will be held in Kansas City to review the
data obtained in recommended levels of
attainment for a discharge permit.
5. Publication of the Report, Potential Effects of
Irrigation Practices on Crop Yields in Grand Valley
(EPA-600/2-79-149)—The study involved an
analytical method to determine the economically
optimal seasonal depth of irrigation water to apply
under conditions of both plentiful and limited
water supply: Corn and wheat were grown on
research plots underdifferent irrigation regimesto
determine the effects of stress on crop yields at
different stages of plant growth.
6. Publication of the Report, Irrigation Practices and
Return Flow Salinity in Grand Valley (EPA-600/2-
79-148)—The study was undertaken to evaluate
the effects of the volume of leachate on the quality
of the leachate from field research plots. A
numerical model of salt transport was used in a
series of hypothetical simulations following the
testing and calibration of the model to Grand
Valley conditions.
7. Publication of the Report, Evaluation of a
Hydrosalinity Model of Irrigation Return Flow
Water Quality in the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico
(EPA-600/2-79-173)—The Mesilla Valley lies
739
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along the Rio Grande River in southern New
Mexico and encompasses about 40,500 hectares
of irrigated land below Elephant Butte Reservoir.
The model, a multi-cell, lumped parameter model
of irrigation-related water quality, simulates
diversions and pumping to meet irrigation needs,
irrigation return flows, chemical transformations
in the soil, and mixing in groundwater reservoirs.
8. Publication of the Report, Achieving Irrigation
Return Flow Quality Control Through Improved
Legal Systems (EPA-600/2-78-184)—The study
developed legal alternatives that will facilitate the
implementation of improved water management
technologies developed to reduce and control
pollutants emanating from agricultural uses of
water and other primary inputs to irrigated crop
production. Recommendations for Federal and
State activities to achieve irrigation return flow
quality control include an action program termed
the influent control approach. The basic and
required components of such a program are
outlined and discussed.
9. Evaluation of Filter Feeding Fishes for Removing^
Excessive Nutrients and Algae from
Wastewater—Experiments involved silver carp
and bighead carp (exotic filter feeding finfish).
Results indicate that this process has good
potential for application in the treatment of
municipal wastewater.
10. Proposition of a Report Summarizing Results of
Studies of Long-Term Effects of Four Rapid-
Infiltration Systems—This report will make the
data from these studies more usable for the user
community rather than requiring the analysis of
the four separate project reports by individual
designers and planners. The report will also
provide input for the revision of the Land
Treatment Process Design Manual.
11. Development of a New Design Rationale for Rapid-
Infiltration Systems—In addition to hydraulic
acceptability of the most restrictive layer, the
rationale includes certain water quality
parameters which can also be limiting.
Parameters considered include sodium absorption
ratio, biological oxygen demand, suspended
solids, ammonia, nitrate, and phosphorus.
12. Publication of Volume VI of Livestock and the
Environment—This bibliography on animal waste
management now contains 5300 articles. These
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deal with all phases of waste management and
pollution control from livestock production
enterprises, including range and pasture
conditions.
13. Publication of Animal Waste Utilization on
Cropland and Pasture/and—This document was
prepared jointly with USDA, SER, FR for use by
208 planners, RCWP project planners, and USDA
farm planners. It allows the planner to evaluate
the effectiveness of various BMP's on water
quality leaving the farm.
14. Publication of an ERL-Ada/Effluent Guidelines
Evaluation Report Entitled Indicatory Fate Study
(EPA 600/2-79-175)—The purpose of the study
was to indicate the media disposition of selected
priority pollutants through industrial biological
treatment systems. Twelve plant sites
representing organics and plastics,
Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, rubber, wood-
preservative arid petroleum refining industries,
were evaluated.
1 5. Distribution of an Extramural Report, Treatment of
Organic Chemical Manufacturing Wastewater for
Reuse—Union Carbide conducted the study at its
facility in Ponce, Puerto Rico, where there is an
inadequate water supply. Biologically treated
effluent was treated by flocculation, filtration,
activated carbon, deionizer, and reverse osmosis.
Product water for each step was evaluated for
cooling water or boiler water.
16. Establishment of an Anticipatory Research
Institutional Center for Groundwater Quality
Research—At a consortium of Oklahoma,
Oklahoma State, and Rice Universities, principal
research areas a re transport and fate of pollutants,
subsurface characterization, and methods
development.
17. Preliminary Laboratory Evaluation of the
Transport and Transformation in a Soil Profile of
Approximately 20 Priority Organic Pollutants—
The information gained should permit a
preliminary evaluation of the probable impact on
ground-water of releasing such compounds to the
soil, and is particularly needed to assess the
probable consequences of chlorinating
wastewater prior to land application and of
releasing chlorinated organic products such as
septic tank cleaners into cesspools and septic
systems.
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1 8. Development of Protocol to Determine Radius of
Influence of Waste Disposal Wells to Support the
Underground Injection Control Regulations of the
Safe Drinking Water Act
Research Program 1. Ground Water
• Develop methods for making ground water
quality investigations.
• Develop guidance documents for ground water
pollution source control decision making.
• Develop predictive models for estimating "the
transport and transformation of contamination
in the subsurface.
• Develop educational and informational
materials on ground water protection for the
use of ground water managers and regulators.
2. Renewable Resources
• Develop and field evaluate fundamental
technologies required for full-scale pollution
control programs in irrigated areas.
• Assess effectiveness of structural
improvements in irrigation systems, of
improved on-farm water management
practices, and of new concepts relating to
solute movement and storage in soil profiles.
• Develop analytical methodology to evaluate
legal, social, economic and other institutional
factors acting as deterrents to water
management reform and implementation of
irrigation return flow quality controls.
• Develop manuals and guidance for
recommended management practices to
control irrigation return flow pollutants,
including cost-effectiveness.
• Develop mathematical models capable of
predicting irrigation return flow quality based
on physical/chemical/biological processes in
irrigated soils.
• Verify under field conditions the predictive
capability of the models when applied to areas
of widely different soils and climatic
characteristics.
742
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• Develop data base required for adequate
verification of the models.
• Develop management models which integrate
on-farm water management methods and
treatment technology, including cost-effective
and optimization techniques.
• Quantify physical and chemical spatial
variability functions to improve predictive
capabilities.
• Develop and demonstrate the feasibility,
applicability, effectiveness, and economics of
treatment and/or control technologies for
abating pollution from the animal production
industry.
3. Wastewater
• Define technological factors for design,
construction, and operation of landapplication
and aquaculture systems for municipal
wastewater treatment and reuse.
• Develop criteria to maximize treatment and
management capabilitiestothese systems and
to minimize or eliminate health risks and
adverse long-term effects on the soil, ground
water, surface waters, and other
environmental components.
• Identify the most beneficial system selection to
achieve optimum reuse of nutrients, organic
material, and water.
4. Water—Industrial
• Develop the necessary technology to: (1)
eliminate the discharge of pollutants for the
areawide or combined point sources where
industrial sources are the predominant
contributor, (2) eliminate toxic pollutant
discharges for petroleum refining and the
petrochemicals industries.
5. Transport and Fate of Toxic Substances
• Develop microcosm and models for defining
movement of toxic chemicals in soils.
• Develop testing protocols for leaching of toxic
chemicals.
6. Energy
• Validate and apply mineralogy model used to
predict groundwater contamination on
proposed oil shale commercialization sites.
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Environmental Research
Laboratory
Athens, Georgia
Mission Research and development on analytical chemistry of
pollutants; pollutant transport, transformation, and fate
in water, sediment, and soil; control of agricultural or
silvicultural non-point sources of water pollution; and
environmental management to achieve water quality
goals. Specific activities are to:
• Develop techniques, methods, and instruments for
the identification and measurement of low
concentrations of chemical constituents in drinking
water, in wastewaters, in rivers or lakes, and in
sediments and soils.
• Define and quantitatively describe the individual
microbial, chemical, and physical-chemical
processes that control the transport, transformation,
and impact of pollutants in water, sedimentandsoil.
• Define, quantitatively describe, and test the
conceptual validity of chemical pollutant transport
and transformation systems in water and sediment.
• Develop computerized analysis methods for
predicting chemical concentrations in water and
sediment and estimating environmental exposures
to toxic chemicals.
• Develop technology for controlling agricultural or
silvicultural non-point sources of water pollution.
• Develop analysis and planning techniques for
comprehensive basin-wide cost-effective
environmental management to achieve water
quality objectives.
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David W. Duttweiler
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory-
Athens, Georgia
Education: University of Michigan—BSE (Civil Engineering)
1948
Johns Hopkins University—MSE (Sanitary
Engineering) 1 957
Johns Hopkins University—Ph.D. (Sanitary
Engineering) 1 963
Professional
Experience:
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
1970-Present
Director, Southeast Water Laboratory, Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration, Athens, Georgia,
1969-1970
Sanitary Engineer Instructor (Lt. Col.), US. Army
Medical Field Service School, Fort Sam Houston,
Texas, 1968-1969
Sanitary Engineer Consultant (Lt Col ), Office of the
Surgeon, Headquarters US. Army, Viet Nam,
1967-1968
Chief, Sanitary Engineering Research Section (Lt.
Col.), US. Army Medical Research and
Development Command, Washington, D.C ,
1965-1966
Chief, Department of Sanitary Engineering (Major),
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Washington, D.C , 1962-1965
Chief, Sanitary Engineering Division (Capt.), U.S.
Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Edgewood,
Maryland, 1958-1960
Industrial Hygiene Engineer (Capt.), US Army
Environmental Hygiene Agency, Edgewood,
Maryland, 1957-1958
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Professional
Affiliations:
Honors:
Industrial Hygiene Engineer, U.S. Army Europe
Medical Laboratory, Landstuhl, Germany,
1955-1956
Sanitary Engineer (1st Lt), Office of the Chief
Surgeon, Headquarters, U.S. Forces in Austria,
Salzburg, Austria, 1953-1955
Sanitary Engineer Instructor (1st Lt.), U.S. Army
Medical Field Service School, Fort Sam Houston,
Texas, 1952-1953
Assistant Sanitary Engineer (1 st Lt.), Office of the
Surgeon General, Washington, D.C., 1951
Sanitary Engineer Instructor (2nd Ltd.), U.S. Army
Engineer School, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, 1949-1951
Structural Designer, T. H. McKaig Consulting
Engineers, Buffalo, New York, 1948-1949
Registered Professional Engineer, Texas Diplomate,
American Academy of Environmental Engineers
American Society of Civil Engineers
Water Pollution Control Federation
American Association for the Advancement of
Science
Sigma Xi
International Association on Water Pollution Research
Conference of Federal Environmental Engineers
Research Associate, University of Georgia,
1969-Present
Adjunct Professor, Clemson University, 1971-Present
Visiting Committee, University of Florida Department
of Environmental Engineering Sciences,
1974-Present
University of North Carolina Water Resources
Research Institute Advisory Committee, 1976-
Present
Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, Commission on
Environmental Health, 1970-1973
Who's Who in Government
Who's Who in the South and Southwest
American Men and Women of Science
U.S. Army Legion of Merit, Commendation Medal
Department of Defense Patriotic Civilian Service
Award, 1973
1977 Distinguished Service Award, Athens Area
Chapter of Federally Employed Women, Inc.
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Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, Georgia
Director
Dr. David W. Duttweiler
Deputy Director
William T. Donaldson
Associate Director
for Rural Lands
Research
Environmental
Systems Branch
Technology
Development and
Applications Branch
Dr. Robert R. Swank
FTS Telephone No. 250-3134
Commercial Telephone No. (404] 546-3134
747
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Research Program FY1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $3,741 $4,194' $4,702 $4,730
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel 78
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Vidicon Tube—Demonstrated the use of vidicon
tube coupled to a liquid chromatograph to identify
and measure nonvolatile organic compounds
(those that cannot be determined by conventional
gas chromatography). The new detector improves
selectivity and sensitivity for these organics,
which comprise a large fraction of unidentified
water pollutants.
2. Exposure Analysis Modeling System —
Demonstrated the Exposure Analysis Modeling
System (EXAMS), a tool for assessing the fate of
chemicals in environmental waters. More than
100 draft copies of the users manual and the
associated computer program have been
distributed to users in chemical industries,
academia, state regulatory agencies, and EPA
offices.
3. Ion Chromatography—Applied ion chromatog-
raphy, a promising analysis technique for
distinguishing and measuring the valence states
of toxic metals in water, to selenite and selenate at
detection limits of 50 nanograms. The results
demonstrate that the technique can be useful in
drinking water treatment and health effects
studies where selenium is apt to be a problem and
in studies of similar metallic substances.
4. Exposure Assessment of Iowa's Coralville
Reservoir— Demonstrated the application of
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exposure assessment developed through
Laboratory research to real world problems in a
study that provided predictions of a continued
decline of the pesticide dieldrin concentrations in
Iowa's Coralville Reservoir. The results supported
the State's decision to allow the resumption of
commercial fishing in the reservoir that was based
on observed current reductions in levels of the
pollutant.
5. Ultrasonic Nebulizer System—Developed and
evaluated a new ultrasonic nebulizer system for
the plasma emission spectrometric analysis of
water samples for 20 to 30 elements. Sensitivity of
the analytical technique is improved by a factor of
5 to 10 depending on the element of interest and
all elements of interest can be determined rapidly
in the low part per billion range.
6. Anaerobic Degradation—Determined the rates of
anaerobic degradation of several substituted
benzoic acids in laboratory-developed sediment
samples and in natural bottom sediment cores.
7. Photochemical Transformation—Demonstrated
that photochemical transformation of some toxic
substances is much faster.in river and lake waters
than in distilled waters. Dissolved humic
substances in natural waters are believed to be
partly responsible for this acceleration.
8. Joint Agricultural Research 'Project—Joined with
the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a
research project in Iowa to examine the
relationship between agricultural land
management practices; the generation of
pollutants that reach water bodies; and the
downstream fate, transport, and impact of those
pollutants. An evaluation of agricultural Best
Management Practices is included in the project.
9. Liquid Chromatography—Mass Specrometry—
Identified phenol, cresols, aromatic phenols,
chlorophenols, nitrophenol, cholesterol, caffeine,
nitroaniline, trihydroxycoumarin, prophylthio-
phene, and dihydroxyphenylpropanol in tannery
plant wastewater using liquid chromatography-
mass spectrometry. The latter three polar
compounds had never been reported before in
environmental samples.
Research Program 1. Water—Characterization and Methods
Development
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» Develop and assess new, broadly applicable
techniques for identifying and measuring
chemical constituents of soil and water.
• Apply innovative methods to rapidly
characterize concentrations of organic
pollutants in aqueous samples.
• Develop a computerized register of all organic
compounds found in water.
• Demonstrate the applicability of analysis
techniques so that other laboratories can
adopt them efficiently.
• Develop analysis techniques by which multiple
elements can be identified and measured at
the same time using a single reference
standard.
• Assess individual techniques for chemical
speciation such as electron microscopy for
analyzing waterborne asbestos.
2. So// and Water Processes and Systems
• Elucidate the- individual environmental
processes that control the fate of pollutants in
soil, sediment, and water.
• Identify potentially hazardous transformation
products of pesticides and toxic chemicals,
such as the formation of N-nitrosoatrazine
from the herbicide atrazine.
• Provide data on the environmental
transformation of chemicals to EPA regulatory
offices and to the public.
« Elucidate systems and process interactions
that affect the transport and transformation of
pollutants in water, sediment and soil.
• Construct, test, and verify models of the
transport and distribution of pollutants in
water, sediment, and soil.
3. Renewable Resources
• Produce tested techniques for estimating
pollutant loads from non-irrigated agriculture
and silviculture.
750
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• Develop environmental transport models to
predict pesticide and nutrient losses from
agricultural lands.
• Provide managers with easy-to-use tested
techniques for evaluating and minimizing
water pollution problems from agricultural
non-point sources.
4. Water Quality—Transport and Fate
• Develop and test techniques for constructing
feasible, cost-effective water pollution control
strategies for basin—or smaller-scale areas.
• Combine models of water quality, of pollutant
sources, and of health and ecological effects of
water pollution into tested comprehensive
water quality management planning tools.
• Establish usable data and mathematical model
files to support application of watershed
management planning and analysis
techniques.
5. Fate and Effects of Toxic Substances
• Develop protocols for tests to produce data for
calculating environmental exposure to toxic
substances.
• Develop technology for multimedia exposure
assessment.
• Develop methodologies for determining
anaerobic degradation of toxic chemicals.
• Develop tested Exposure Analysis Modeling
System (EXAMS) to calculate concentrations
of toxic chemicals in water and sediment.
• Develop laboratory ecosystems for testing of
EXAMS.
• Determine the fate of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons.
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Environmental Research
Laboratory
Corvallis, Oregon
Mission
• The misson of the Corvallis Environmental Research
Laboratory is to support the policy, regulatory, and
operational responsibilities of the Environmental
Protection Agency by conducting a high quality
program of research development, and technical
assistance in the following areas:
• The movement, transformation and fate of toxics
and other environmentally harmful substances
within terrestrial ecosystems, with empahsis on
predicting the amounts to which man may be
exposed by terrestrial pathways such as the
agricultural food chain.
• The pathways and mechanisms by which aquatic
biota transform and accumulate toxics and other
environmentally harmful substances within
freshwater ecosystems, with empahsis on
predicting the concentrations to which man may be
exposed.
• Field assessment of the effects of toxics and other
environmentally harmful substances or factors on
terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems (excluding
the Great Lakes) to:
— assess the ability of an ecosystem to
support specific uses;
— determine the benefits of improved
environmental quality and/or the costs of
degradation;
— determine criteria to protect or achieve the
ability of an ecosystem to support specific
uses;
— assess the degree of risk of injury to the
environment, such as will be required for
the implementation of the toxic substances
control act.
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Thomas A. Murphy
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Honors:
ff
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory-
Corvallis, Oregon
Knox College, B.A., 1959
Yale University, M.S.
Yale University, Ph.D. (Biology), 1964
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
Corvallis, 1979-Present
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Environmental
Processes and Effects Research, 1979
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Air, Land, and Water
Use, EPA, 1975-1979
Director, Nonpoint Pollution Control Division, EPA,
1973-1975
Chief, Program Development Branch, EPA, 1972-1973
Special Assistant to Assistant Commissioner for
Research and Development at the Federal Water
Quality Administration, 1971-1972
Edison Laboratory, EPA, 1967-1971
Medical Service Officer, U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal
and Viet Nam, 1964-1966
EPA Bronze Medal, 1978 - For distinguished and
outstanding service to environmental protection
through unparalleled scientific and administrative
leadership in the planning and management of a large
and complex research program in the areas of air,
land, and water pollution problems.
753
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Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, Oregon
Director
Dr. Thomas A. Murphy
Deputy Director
James C. McCarty
Freshwater
Division
Thomas E Maloney
Administration
Office
Charles L. Frank
Marine Division
Dr. D J Baumgartner
Terrestrial Division
Dr. Norman R Glass
•Acting
FTS Telephone No. 420-4601
Commercial Telephone No. 503-757-4601
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$6,027
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$4,712
$6,082
$6,073
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 84
Recent
Accomplishments
1. Short-term Acid Precipitation Program—Provided
information .on the extent and magnitude of the
acid precipitation problem in the eastern part of
the United States. A series of summary reports are
being prepared that document the effects on crop
sensitivity, forest growth, bedrock geology, soil
sensitivity, surface waters and stream
ecosystems.
2. Office of Water Program Operations—Conducted
four workshops on section 301 (h) that provided
potential applicants an opportunity to review
application requirements and evaluation
strategies.
3. Plant Responses to Herbicide Treatment—
Developed a rapid assay method for determining
plant responses to herbicide treatment.
Water Quality Criteria—Provided input for those
heavy metals included in the 65 consent decree
chemicals. The research generated acute toxicity
data for all metals and chronic data for cadmium,
copper, lead, nickel, chromium, beryllium, and
zinc. By taking hardness into consideration,
criteria for metals may be set at levels less
stringent than otherwise necessary.
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Research Program 1. Air—Ecological Effects
• Develop information necessary to support air
quality control strategies and standards.
Measure acute and chronic effects of
photochemical oxidants and sulfur dioxide
upon selected forest and agricultural
ecosystems.
• Establish a National Crop Assessment
Network to determine the economic impacts of
current and changing air pollution levels on
agronomic crops.
• Characterize the biogenic emission of
hydrocarbons from vegetation to assist
Program and Regional Offices in developing
related ozone control strategies.
» Utilize a newly designed greenhouse system to
determine the effects of nitrogen oxides in
mixture with other pollutants on crop
productivity to determine the influence of
ozone on the genetic and population aspects of
plant sensitivity; and to determine the
interaction of ozone and water in stress
situations.
• Determine the effects of PAN (photochemical
oxidant) on the growth and yield of vegetation.
2. Freshwater—Ecological Effects
• Determine the toxic effects of selected organic
and inorganic pollutants on Western aquatic
species.
• Determine the transport, effects,
transformation and fate of growth-promoting
and inhibitory materials in fresh water
ecosystems.
• Determine ecological effects of non-point
sources (NPS), pollutants and pollutant
loadings. Determine the ecological
effectiveness of NPS control. Develop a
regional approach that relates land use
activities to NPS pollution problems. Develop
the scientific basis for establishment of stream
standards emphasizing the non-steady nature
of NPS pollutants.
• Assess the effectiveness of lake restoration
techniques including overall environmental
social and economic cost benefits.
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• Develop methods to improve predictive
capabilities regarding changes in water
resources which result from attempts to
improve their quality for recreational use.
• Develop scientific basis for criteria to protect
wetlands from environmental stresses;
develop methodology to evaluate effects of
hydrological modifications, dredging and
filling activities and construction activities.
• Develop criteria to determine the boundaries
of wetlands.
3. Marine—Ecological Effects
• Analyze biomathematical indices of commun-
ity structure and population dynamics for their
use as criteria of pollution.
• Compare effects of stresses (both natural and
human perturbations) on a variety of marine
communities 'in different biogeographic
provinces. Identify patterns of community
alterations along pollutional gradients.
• Assess effects of different techniques of
pollution control or abatement in minimizing
the disrupt ion of natural marine assemblages.
4. Pesticide—Ecological Effects
• Develop terrestrial model ecosystems
(microcosms) for comparative measurements
of ecosystem routes, rates of movement and
transformation, sources and sinks of candidate
chemicals which are alternatives to pesticides
under RPAR.
• Assess the ecological effects of pesticides and
other toxic substances using suitable
terrestrial microcosms.
• Evaluate verification of chemodynamic effect
and mathematical models, derived from basic
physical, chemical and biological data, in
model ecosystems and natural environments.
5. Energy
• Continue protocol work which assesses the
impact and effects of Western coal mining,
combustion and conversion activities on
terrestrial ecosystems.
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• Develop and validate predator-prey behavior,
and structure/activity test methodologies
needed to evaluate the effects of energy-
related pollutants on terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems.
6. Fate and Effects of Toxic Substances
• Develop structure/activity concepts for
defining reduction of toxic, chemicals.
• Develop marine algal toxicity tests for toxic
chemicals.
• Develop round-robin tests for defining toxicity
in rainbow trout.
• Develop models for defining the exposure
concentration of toxic chemicals in terrestrial
environments (T-EXAMS).
• Develop methodologies for defining
concentration of toxic chemicals in food chain
systems.
• Develop terrestrial microcosm for predicting
fate and effects of toxic chemicals.
• Assess the food chain effects of waterborne
toxicants.
755
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Environmental Research
Laboratory
Duluth, Minnesota
Mission Conduct research in aquatic toxicology methods,
evaluate the predictive capability of these methods in
natural surface waters, provide toxicology data for
Agency use and develop methods to predict effects of
pollutants in the Great Lakes. Specifically, the
Laboratory:
• Develops toxicity test methods for aquatic life for
EPA's regulation development.
• Provides primary Agency consultation on
freshwater toxicology problems.
• Provides toxicity data to confirm effects of problem
chemicals for court cases.
• Prepares Agency criteria documents for aquatic life.
• Conducts EPA's Great Lakes research program and
fulfills EPA's research obligations under the
U.S./Canada Water Quality Agreement of 1 972 and
1978.
• Evaluates toxicity of complex effluents treated by
various control technologies.
• Interfaces pollutant fate, toxicity and accumulation
data with on-going human health research of other
EPA Laboratories and Program Offices.
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Norbert A. Jaworski
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory—
Duluth, Minnesota
Education: University of Wisconsin—B.S. (Civil Engineering)
1959
University of Wisconsin—M.S. (Civil Engineering)
1 960
University of Michigan, Ph.D. (Water Resources
Engineering) 1 968
Professional
Experience:
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
1980-Present
Deputy Director, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, 1975-1980
Director, Pacific Northwest Environmental Research
Laboratory, Corvallis, 1972-1975
Director, Grosse lie Laboratory, Grosse He, Michigan,
1971-1972
Technical Assistant, Division of Water Quality,
FWPCA, Washington, D.C., 1970-1971
Chief, Engineering Section, Chesapeake Technical
Support Laboratory, FWPCA, Annapolis, Maryland,
1966-1970
Sanitary Engineer, Commissioned Officer,
Commissioned Corps, PHS, Outside of Service
Training at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, 1964-1966
Sanitary Engineer, Commissioned Officer,
Commissioned Corps, PHS, Chesapeake Bay-
Susquehanna River Basins Project, New
Cumberland, Pennsylvania, 1962-1964
Sanitary Engineer, Commissioned Officer,
Commissioned Corps, PHS, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 1960-1962
760
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Professional
Affiliations: Registered Professional Engineer, State of Maryland
US/USSR Stationary Source Air Pollution Control
Technology Group
EPA Technical Advisory Committee, Chesapeake Bay
Progfam
North Carolina Board of Scientific Advisors on Water
Quality
Professional Engineers of North Carolina
North Carolina Wildlife Federation
National Wildlife Federation
Oregon State University, Visiting Professor
North Carolina State University, Adjunct Professor
Honors: Chi Epsilon
FWPCA
J61
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Office of Technical
Assistance
Dr W. A Brungs
Office of
Extramural and
Interagency
Program
Dr K E Biesmger
Environmental Research Laboratory
Duluth, Minnesota
Director
Dr. Norbert A. Jowarski
Deputy Director
Dr. J. David Yount
Research Branch
Bernard R. Jones
Newtown Fish
Toxicology Station
Newtown, OH
William Horning, III
Office of Facilities
and Administration
F. B. Freeman
Monticello
Ecological
Research Station
Monticello, WIN
John W. Arthur'
*Acting
FTS Telephone No. 783-9550
Commercial Telephone No. (218) 727-6692
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Research Program FY 1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $4817 $5068 $5,475 $4,406
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 83
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Accumulation of Mineral Fibers in Aquatic
Organisms—A method of freeze drying followed
by low temperature ashing was found to be the
most effective technique for quantitative
transmission electron microscopy analysis. Fish
tissue samples collected from waters containing
chrysotile asbestos have been found to contain
small chrysotile fibers. Fish tissue samples
collected from waters containing amphibole
asbestos are being examined, although to date,
few fibers have been identified. Further analysis is
in progress to relate tissue fiber concentrations to
water fiber concentrations.
2. Acid Deposition—Determined the susceptibility to
acid deposition of 350 lakes in northern
Wisconsin, an area of sandy and rocky soils
lacking in buffering materials. This is an important
study area because, the lower the buffering
capacity of an ecosystem, the higher the potential
for damage from acid deposition will be.
3. Guideline Modification for Water Quality
Criteria—Utilized ERL-D staff experience in
forming the Guidelines for the 65 priority
pollutants. Until the Guidelines are final, criterion
document revisions will be limited to ancillary
preparations such as quality assurance review of
data bases and critique of additional references
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from public comment and the literature since the
initial search.
4. Kelthane Toxicity Tests—Conducted tests with
embryo-larval stages of the fathead minnow and
juvenile amphipods (Hyalella aztecajto determine
the effect of kelthane on the most sensitive life
stages and to predict long-term toxicity. A
concentration of 19 >ug/l was the highest
concentration. Kelthane did not adversely affect
egg hatchability of fathead minnows but
decreased larval survival at 39/jg/l, the lowest
concentration. A similar concentration of 33;ug/l
decreased the survival of amphipods after this
period.
Tissue Samp/ing of Fish—Identified a series of
polychlorinated propyl and butylamines in fish
from the Ashtabula River of Ohio by negative
chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. These compounds have not
previously been reported in field sampled fish
tissue.
Research Program 1. Freshwater Ecological Processes and Effects
• Develop toxicology methods for aquatic
organisms, determine mode of action and
develop rapid screening tests for chronic
effects.
• Determine toxic effects on individual
organisms and identify key physiological
processes and effects which can be used to
provide early warning of chronic effects.
• Determine the validity of laboratory tests to
predict the effects of pollutants in natural
systems.
• Develop methods to predict toxicity by use of
chemical structure.
• Improve ability to measure the toxic effects of
wastes after treatment, especially those
wastes receiving BPT or BAT and which are
expected to contain chemical contaminants.
• Identify chemical pollutant problems of the
Great Lakes, determine the dynamic processes
164
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affecting the pollution of large lakes, and
develop management-oriented models for
controlling the effects of pollutants in the
Great Lakes.
• Determine the dispersal of fine particles in the
environment by water and air and relate to
human exposure.
• Determine physical, chemical, and structural
characteristics of inorganic particles which
influence their biological activity.
2. Effect of Energy-Related Pollutants on Organisms
and Ecosystems
• Utilizing the Monticello Field Station, assess
the ability of a controlled microcosm to
evaluate the transport, fate and effects of
organic energy-related pollutants on
freshwater ecosystems.
• Assess the impacts of atmospheric deposition,
both wet and dry, from fossil fuel combustion
on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in upper
Minnesota and Wisconsin.
3. Fate and Effects of Pesticides on Aquatic
Ecosystems
• Determine the toxicity and bioaccumulation of
certain pesticides in sediments.
• Determine exposure methods, persistence and
toxicity of certain pesticides to freshwater
organisms.
4. Fate and Effects of Toxic Substances
• Develop round-robin validated toxicity tests
using embryo/larvae stages of fathead
minnow.
• Develop a structure/activity concept for
predicting toxicity of chemicals to aquatic
animals.
• Develop microcosms for defining fate and
effects of toxic chemicals in the aquatic
environment.
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5. Great Lakes Research
• Determine the pathway and reservoirs of
selected toxicants, such as RGB's, in a major
Great Lakes system.
• Develop a series of mathematical models to be
used in the simulation of the transport
bioaccumulation and loss of Great Lakes
toxicants.
• Determine the importance of atmospheric
contributions of toxic substances to the Great
Lakes.
• Determine the role of sediments as sink and
source of toxic substances and develop a
mathematical modeling capability for
simulating sediment/water interactions.
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Environmental Research
Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, Florida
Mission Determine exposure—effects relationships of
hazardous organic pollutants in marine and estuarine
ecosystems. This information is required to: (1) register
and control pesticides; (2) develop testing protocols for
toxic substances; (3) develop water quality criteria
protective of human aquatic life; and (4) develop ocean
dumping and dredged material disposal guidelines.
Investigate potential human health impacts of
mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds in aquatic
systems. Determine ecological impact of pollutants
derived from energy extraction, conversion, transmis-
sion and use. Specific activities are to:
• Develop new and improved methodologies for
determining fate and effects of hazardous organic
substances in marine and estuarine ecosystems.
• Determine organism and ecosystem level effects of
hazardous organic compounds in marine and
estuarine ecosystems.
• Determine fate of hazardous organics in marine and
estuarine ecosystems.
• Develop aquatic animal sentinel models and
screening tests forthe early detection and laboratory
assay of carcinogens and their effects.
• Determine prevalence of carcinogens, mutagens
and teratogens in select animals, sediments and
waters of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
• Assess impact of halogens and biocides used in
energy-related processes on marine and estuarine
ecosystems.
• Determine impact of drilling muds on marine and
estuarine ecosystems.
• Identify and assess impact of toxic organic
components of specific industrial wastes on the
marine and estuarine environments.
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Henry F. Enos Director, Environmental Research Laboratory—Gulf
Breeze, Florida
Education: University of New Hampshire—B.S. (Zoology) 1951
University of New Hampshire—B.S.(Agricultural &
Biological Chemistry) 1953
Pennsylvania State University—Ph.D. (Biochemistry)
1966
Professional
Experience: Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
1979-Present
Visiting Professor and Director, Chemical
Epidemiology Division, University of Miami School
of Medicine, 1977-1979
Deputy Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
EPA, Athens, Georgia, 1975-1977
Director, Equipment and Techniques Division, EPA,
Washington, D.C , 1973-1975
Deputy Director and Chief Chemist, Research
Laboratory, EPA, Pernne, Florida, 1971-1973
Chief, Chemistry Section, Pernne Primate Research
Laboratory, Pernne, Florida, 1967-1971
Group Leader of Analytical Chemistry Research,
Pesticides Research Laboratory, Pernne, Florida,
1966-1967
Research Chemist, US. Army Natick Laboratories,
Natick, Massachusetts, 1960-1966
Instructor, Pennsylvania State University, 1956-1960
Chief Chemist, Commercial Solvent, 1953-1956
U.S. Army. 1945-1946
Professional
Affiliations: American Chemical Society (ACS) Past Chairman,
Division of Pesticide Chemistry
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Natick, Massachusetts Chapter, Research Society of
America, Past Treasurer
American Association for the Advancement of
Science
Phi Lambda Upsilon
Sigma Xi
Honors: Elected Fellow of Division of Pesticide Chemistry,
ACS, 1975
Outstanding Performance Award, EPA, 1974
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Environmental Research Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, Florida
Director
Dr. Henry F. Enos
Deputy Director
Dr. Andrew J. McErlean
Associate Director
for Extramural
Activities
Dr N L Richards
J_
Laboratory
Operations and
Support Branch
Anice M Reynolds
Experimental
Environments
Branch
Jack I Lowe
Process and Effects
Branch
Dr. Frank G Wilkes
Environmental
Pathology Team
Dr John Couch
FTS Telephone No. 686-9011
Commercial Telephone No. (904) 932-531 1
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Research Program FY1979 FY1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $4,071 $2708 $4,246 $3,913
|$1,000's)
Personnel
Bachelor
6
Full-time EPA Personnel - 54
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Adaptation Studies—Studies showed that natural
microbial populations can adapt in certain
environments and that biodegradation rates
observed in actual media laboratory systems can
be affected by concentration and prior exposure
Therefore, adaptation must be considered when
predicting fate of toxic chemicals.
2. Chlorine-Produced Oxidants—Exposure of oysters
to chlorine-produced oxidants (CPO) resulted in
the uptake of bromoform (ChBrs), a byproduct of
chlorinated seawaters. A slight bioconcentration
of CHBrs was depurated within 48 hours when
oysters were placed in clean flowing seawater.
3. Chlorination — Studies of the effects of
chlorination on fouling organisms demonstrated
that barnacle growth is inhibited by even the
lowest chlorination level. Mortality of oyster spat
was high (80% after 1 2 weeks) in groups receiving
0.250 to 0.500 mg. I comparedto groups receiving
0.00 to 0.125 mg/l (32 to 36% mortality). Spat
growth was retarded at the lowest chlorination
level tested.
4. Ixtoc Oil Well Blowout—As part of the emergency
response to the Ixtoc oil well blowout, suspended
and deposited oil was measured in near-shore
Texas waters in August-September and
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November-December 1979. Preliminary findings
indicate that oil was deposited within 1 to 2 miles
of the Texas coast and that some organisms are
being impacted by tarballs. Analyses of the
number and type of organisms collected in the
field survey should aid the assessment of the
impact on near-shore fauna.
5. Mysid Shrimp—A method was developed to
culture the mysid shrimp, Neomysis americana,
for use in life-cycle laboratory tests. Adult females
released small clutches of 5 to 7 young at 28 to 31
days.
Research Program 1. Fate Effects of Pesticides in Marine andEstuarine
Ecosystems
• Develop new methods and improve existing
methods of determining acute and chronic
effects of pesticides on estuarine organisms.
• Develop laboratory methods to determine the
fate of pesticides in estuarine ecosystems.
• Determine acute and chronic effects and
bioaccumulation of pesticides and pesticide
combinations and formulations for estuarine
organisms.
• Determine the organisms and ecosystem level
effects of antifouling biocides and
disinfectants on estuarine organisms and
ecosystems.
• Determine the sublethal effects of pesticides
on the behavior of selected estuarine
organisms.
• Determine the significance of the occurrence
in the marine and estuarine environment of
carcinogenic compounds.
• Determine the physico/chemical fate of
selected pesticides in estuarine ecosystems.
• Determine the microbiological fate of selected
pesticides in estuarine ecosystems.
• Determine fate and effects of substitute
chemicals on laboratory systems and brackish
wetlands.
2. Environmental Transport, Fate and Effects of Toxic
Substances
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• Validate static and flow-through acute toxicity
tests with marine fish and invertebrates.
• Validate life-cycle toxicity test for mysid
shrimp.
• Refine and validate embryo/larvae test for
marine fish.
• Refine and validate methods to determine the
bioconcentration potential for marine'tfish.
• Develop fate test protocols for toxic substances
in the marine environment.
• Characterize biodegradation process for toxic
chemicals in the marine environment.
3. Water Quality
• Develop and assess data for use iri the
development of marine water quality criteria—
especially with respect to consent decree
chemicals.
4. Anticipatory Research
• Conduct field survey of cellular proliferative
disorders and residues of carcinogens,
mutagens and teratogens in select animals,
sediments and waters of the northeastern Gulf
of Mexico.
5. Carcinogen Research
• Develop carcinogenicity assays utilizing
aquatic species as test organisms.
• Complete design of quick-screening tests for
mutagens and carcinogens in aquatic
ecosystems.
• Determine biochemical effects of carcinogens
in aquatic species to detect preneoplastic
lesions for early detection of carcinogens.
6. Effects of Energy—Related Pollutants on
Organisms and Ecosystems
• Determine the effects of halogens and other
biocides in energy-related processes on
marine ecosystems.
• Determine the ecological impact of discharges
from offshore oil and gas extraction and
production facilities on marine ecosystems.
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Environmental Research
Laboratory
Narragansett, Rhode Island
Mission Provide a scientifically sound basis for Agency decisions
on the environmental safety of various uses of marine
systems. This is accomplished through research on the
effects of pollutants on marine ecosystems. Specific
studies include:
• Chemical and physical behavior of pollutants in
marine systems.
• Significant responses of organisms to pollutant
stress.
• Characterizatjon of marine ecosystems and their
responses to stress.
• Development of appropriate systems for
quantitation of response to specific pollutants.
• Methods of determining the impact of specific
pollution incidents.
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Tudor T. Davies
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
Narragansett. Rhode Island
University of Wales (Swansea)—B.S., 1957-1960
University of Wales (Swansea)—Ph.D., 1964
Director, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1979-
Present
Deputy Director, Environmental Research Laboratory,
EPA, Gulf Breeze, 1975-1979
Director, Great Lakes Research Program and Grosse
lie Research Laboratory, EPA, 1972-1975
Associate Professor, Department of Geology,
University of South Carolina, 1966-1971
Research Associate, Bedford Institute of
Oceanography, 1965-1972
Post-Doctoral Fellowship, National Research Council
of Canada, Dalhousie University, 1964-1966
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Geological Society of America
Geochemical Society
International Association of Geochemistry and
Cosmochemistry
International Association of Great Lakes Research
Paleontological Association
Sigma Xi (Vice President, 1970, U.S C Chapter)
Society of Economic Paleontologists and
Mineralogists
Systematics Association
US/USSR Agreement on the Environment, Chairman
of Working Group on Water Pollution
US/USSR Agreement on the Environment, Working
Group on Protection of Lakes and Estuaries
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Member, National Committee on the International
Hydrologic Project
Director, Chesapeake Bay Program, Chairman,
Technical Advisory Committee
Committee on Challenges to Modern Society, Project
Leader, Estuarine Management
Honors: EPA Bronze Medal for Commendable Service, 1978
EPA Special Achievement Award, 1979
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Environmental Research Laboratory
IMarragansett, Rhode Island
Director
Dr. Tudor T. Davies
Deputy Director
Dr. Frank G. Lowman
Laboratory and
Program Operations
Division
Richard W. Latimer
Technical
Operations Branch
Dr. Jan C. Prager
Facilities Branch
James H. Wood
Programs
Operations Branch
Dr. Carman S.
Hegre
Programs
Operations Branch
Claire D. Geremia
Analytical Branch
Dr. P. F. Rogerson
Scientific and
Technical Division
Dr. Donald K Phelps
-
Ecosystems
Branch
Dr. Kenneth K.
Perez
Marine Culture
Branch
Alan D. Beck
Bioassay Branch
Dr. John H Gentile
Oils Branch
Vacant
FTS Telephone No. 838-4843
Commercial Telephone No. (401) 789-1071
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$2,871 $1,534
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$3,336 $1,840
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel 55
Recent
Accomplishments
Mussel Watch and Coastal Ecosystem
Assessment Studies—Developed techniques for
biological monitoring of pollutants in the marine
environment and for the assessment of the
impacts of such pollution on field populations.
Mussel Watch and CEAS data will be included in
the upcoming Council on Environmental Quality
publication "Environmental Conditions and
Trends."
Experimental Evaluation of Ecosystem
Linearization by the Ecosystems Branch—
Concluded that a complex marine microcosm did
not linearize a variable sinusoidal water turbu-
lence input. A series of non-harmonic responses
indicated that these systems are non-linear. If
microcosms are analogues of natural, large-scale
systems, then results from previous studies that
attempted to simulate natural systems by means
of linear mathematical models are subject to
question.
3.
775
Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory—
Demonstrated that microcosms of the marine
environment can be managed to duplicate many
important features of the natural environment,
making possible studies of pollutant dynamics and
effects in complex systems without affecting field
populations. Preliminary conclusions are:
-------
Sediments release toxic compounds at slow or
unmeasureable rates during cool and cold water
periods; the sediment community controls the
ecology of the overlying water column; benthic
sediments act as a reservoir in instances of even
low level pollution and pollutants remain in
residence for several years.
Research Program 1. Marine—Ecological Effects
• Develop and assess data for use in the
development of marine water quality criteria—
especially with respect to consent decree
chemicals.
• Develop bioassay systems and techniques
allowing interaction between test organisms
and pollutants under conditions simulating
their natural environment to determine water
quality criteria.
• Identify problems of bioaccumulation and the
significance of an organism's body burden to
both public health standards and the effects on
reproduction and population integrity.
• Compare responses of laboratory cultures to
standard pollutants with field stock in a world-
wide intercalibration experiment to assure
intercomparability of results.
• Develop aquaria systems and culturing
techniques for inducing spawning and
handling captive marine animals, to provide a
variety of species and life stages for testing by
other programs. Determine optimization of
holding conditions, diet, disease prevention
and simulation and environmental
requirements such as temperature, salinity
and nutrients.
• Determine biological effects of pollutants on
marine life by histopathological examination of
the organs and tissues of the animals. Identify
morphological changes which may have
potential as pollution monitors in the
determination of water quality criteria.
• Develop new methodology, techniques and
quality control procedures for analysis of
ambient conditions and pollutants in marine
samples.
• Analyze metals, nutrients and hydrocarbons in
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tissue, water and sediment samples using gas
chromatography, atomic absorption
spectrophotometry, ATP analysis and neutron
activation.'
Quantify sublethal effects of pollutants on
marine organisms, focusing on stress.
Investigate biological indicators such as
growth, fecundity, successful hatch, larval
development and recruitment in species of
ecological importance.
Quantify movement and behavior of
experimental organisms using Bugwatcher
(computerized behavioral analysis system).
Determine alterations in locomotion and
behavior patterns induced by sublethal
concentrations of toxicants prior to irreversible
damage or death.
Conduct multi-disciplinary effort aimed at the
development of standard methods to assess
the environmental consequences of open
marine disposal of municipal sewage, non-
petroleum industrial wastes anddredge spoils.
• Elucidate short-term effects in the water
column and benthic areas proximate to a
disposal site as well as long-term integrative
impacts of a broader scope.
2. Fate and Effects of Toxic Substances
• Develop techniques and general information
to be used in building models of toxic
chemicals in the marine environment.
• Develop whole/partial life-cycle tests for fish,
polychaetes, and crustaceans.
• Develop marine microcosms for predicting fate
of toxic chemicals.
3. Energy
• Determine the structural and functional
responses of marine ecosystems to a number
of environmental stresses. Quantify the
effects of relatively low chronic levels of oil on
the marine biota and the fate of oil within the
system. Detail pathways and fluxes of
petroleum hydrocarbons through the
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ecosystem and measure their rates of
exchange between organisms, water and
sediment. Develop quantitative predictions
about pathways and ultimate fate of a
substance introduced into the marine
environment,
4. Anticipatory
Ecosystem Analysis
• Examine the response of interdependent
groups of organisms to pollutant stress by
creating a microcosmic model of the marine
ecosystem.
• Develop a laboratory-sized ecosystem that
replicates the natural system in structure and
function. Use the ecosystem to predict effects
of pollutants in nature and translate these
results into meaningful water quality criteria.
Mussel Watch
• Conduct a national marine monitoring
program using indicator organisms as a
biological monitoring system measuring for
petroleum, hydrocarbons, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, heavy metals and transuranic
radionuclides (Plutonium and Americium) in
marine coastal waters.
• Bivalves (including mussels and oysters) are
used as surveillance organisms for recording
exposure levels of pollutants which are
concentrated at levels well over that found in
seawater.
• Determine baseline levels of organic and
metallic pollutants in U.S. coastal waters and
identify zones of high pollutant concentrations
(hot spots).
9 Provide information on changes with time
within a given coastal zone and a basis to
assess potential impacts on public health.
Coastal Environment Assessment Study
9 Establish and evaluate methodsfor monitoring
environmental stability and tracking adverse
environmental impact using biological
indicator organisms.
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• Conduct short-term studies using
standardized methods as a means of
understanding natural perturbations in the
interpretation of long-term monitoring
programs.
Genetic Toxicology
• Assess genetic toxicology of specific
compounds or mixtures via short-term tests
with mammalian cell systems. Evaluate
potential impact of genetic natural
populations.
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Health Effects Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Mission Provide the health intelligence necessary for
determining the need and the establishment of
environmental standards. Studies are performed that
address problems in air pollution, non-ionizing radiation,
environmental carcinogenesis, and the toxicology of
pesticides and other toxic chemical pollutants.
Specifically, the Laboratory's function is to:
• Conduct lexicological, clinical, and epidemiological
research to identify health effects of environmental
pollutants;
• Provide data to assist in making regulatory decisions
concerning the registration of new pesticides or the
proposed suspension of those already in use;
• Conduct research on hazardous and toxic materials,
including establishing a biological data base upon
which to establish standards for non-ionizing
radiation;
• Provide technical assistance to Agency's Regional
and Program Offices.
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F. Gordon Hueter Director, Health Effects Research Laboratory,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Education: University of Maryland—B.S., 1948-1952
University of Maryland—M.S., 1954-1956
University of Maryland—Ph.D. (Animal Science,
Physiology, Biochemistry) 1956-1958
Professional
Experience: Director, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1978-
Present
Associate Director, Health Effects Research
Laboratory, EPA, Research Triangle Park,
1975-1978
Director, Special Studies Staff, Environmental
Research Center, EPA, Research Triangle Park,
1973-1975
Deputy Director, Office of Criteria Development, EPA,
Research Triangle Park, 1972-1973
Special Assistant, Office of the Director, EPA,
Research Triangle Park, 1971 -1972
Assistant Director, Division of Effects Research, EPA,
Research Triangle Park, 1969-1971
Chief, Biological Research Branch, Division of Health
Effects Research, National Air Pollution Control
Association, 1968-1969
Chief, Physiology Section, Division of Health Effects
Research, National Air Pollution Control
Administration, 1961-1968
Assistant Professor, Animal Science Department,
Oregon State University, 1958-1961
Professional
Affiliations: Session Co-Chairman, Air Pollution Control
Association, Annual Meeting, 1967
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Session Chairman, 10th Annual Hanford Biology
Symposium, 1970
Session Co-Chairman, International Air Pollution
Conference, 1970
U.S. Delegate to: Policy Panel on Effects, Air
Management Research Group, Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development
U.S. Representative for: United States-German
Cooperative Agreement concerning air pollution
effects research
Chairman, Panel on Criteria for NATO/CCMS Air
Pollution Study
Member and Secretary of PAMA's Section on
Environmental Health Sciences
Assignment to WHO (Geneva) to assist in the
initiation and implementation of the WHO
Environmental Health Criteria Program
United States EPA representative as official member
of Secretariat for Environmental Workshop on
Biological Monitoring and Tissue Banking.
Workshop cosponsored by the EPA, WHO, and
Commission on European Communities
Author or co-author on 1 1 scientific papers
addressing subjects in the area of environmental
health
Membership in: American Association for the
Advancement of Science; The Smithsonian
Associates; National Audubon Society
Co-Coordinator, US/USSR Environmental Protection
Agreement
Honors: Borden Agricultural Scholarship Award, 1952
Sigma Xi, 1959
EPA Bronze Medal for Commendable Service, 1978
185
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Environmental
Toxicology Division
Dr. Donald Gardner
Neurotoxicology
Division
Dr Lawrence Reiter
Human Studies
Division
Dr Robert E. Lee
FTS Telephone No. 629-2281
Commercial Telephone No. (919} 541-2281
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Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Director
Dr. F. Gordon Hueter
Deputy Director
Dr. Robert E. Lee
Program Support
Office
Dr. M. T. Wagner
Biometry Division
Dr. William Nelson
Experimental
Biology Division
Dr. Daniel F. Cahill
Genetic Toxicology
Division
Dr. Michael Waters
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Research Program FY1979 FY1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $13,833 $10,434 $19,866 $21,668
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 250
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Light Duty Diesel Exhaust Studies—In cooperation
with other EPA laboratories bioassays have been
run on a variety of light duty diesel exhaust
samples. These include twelve certification
vehicles in cooperation with Ann Arbor, additional
testing of the Olds mobile and Nissan samples, and
fractionization studies of light duty diesel samples.
Preliminary testing of malfunction vehicle
samples was begun, and further testing of long-
term storage and stability of samples was
continued. These results are being analyzed. A
computer program is being prepared to handle all
bioassay data.
2. Diesel Exhaust Toxicity Studies—Preliminary
studies to determine the toxicity of diesel exhaust
extracts in various solvents indicated that 1% or
lower doses in 10% DMSO, 20% propylene glycol
and 70% saline could be administered once per
week for fifteen weeks without inducing acute
toxicity. Pathological examination of the trachea
and lungs of hamsters sacrificed one week after
being treated showed only minor, probably
reversible, changes in the epithelial cells. The
remaining animals will be held for six months.
3. Confirmatory Bioassays of Diesel Emission
Organics—The extractable organics from diesel
particulate emissions have been shown to be
mutagenic in a bacterial screening assay (Ames,
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S. Typhimurium). This report summarizes the
mutagenicity and carcinogenicity results from a
battery of confirmatory bioassays. The test
systems included in this battery are primarily
mammalian cell systems, however, one assay was
conducted in insects (Drosophila) and one in yeast
(Saccharomyces). The bioassays detected the
following biological effects: gene mutations, DNA
damage, and oncogenic (neoplastic)
transformation.
4. Evaluation of the Various Metal Su/fate Aerosols
on Alveolar Macrophage Function In Situ—
Hamsters were sacrificed 1, 24, and 48 hours
following a single four-hour exposure to various
aerosols and their Alveolar Macrophage
Phagocytic Rates were measured by determining
the uptake of Radioactive Colloidal Gold (1 98AU).
The concentration causing a 50% depression in
normal controlled phagocytosis of gold particles
(LDso) was determined. In addition, the number
and size of cells harvested by Pulmonary Lavage
were determined when hamsters were exposed
for four hours to either Zinc Sulfate, Zinc
Ammonium Sulfate or Cupric Sulfate,
Macrophage Endo-Sulfate, Zinc Ammonium
Sulfate or Cupric Sulfate, Macrophage
Endocytosis of Collodial Gold was significantly
reduced one hour foil owing exposure as compared
to unexposed controls.
5. HzSOt Studies—Young healthy subjects were
exposed to HzSCU concentrations as high as
973 micrograms per cubic meter. These exposures
had no significant effect on pulmonary function.
The negative results obtained in these studies
almost certainly reflects the neutralization of the
hhSCM breathed into the lung spaces by the
ammonia produced metabolically in the lungs.
6. Ozone Studies—Immunological effects were
studied in 30 young, healthy male non-smoking
human subjects exposed to an atmosphere of 0.4
ppm ozone for four-hour periods on each of four
consecutive days. Blood drawn from these
subjects before and after the exposures was
analyzed for immunological components.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained before and
after the exposures were characterized by
quantitation of surface membrane receptors,
membrane immunoglobulms, and nucleic acid
(DNA and RNA) synthesizing activities. The studies
on lymphocyte receptors revealed a significant
decrease in Fc and active T-determinants.
189
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Decreased DNA synthesis also was observed in
T-cells. These changes represent decrements in
the overall resistance to infection of the subjects.
Exposure to humans to ozone has been shown to
result in decreased diffusion capacity of the lung,
increased closing volume, and altered ventilation
distribution. A study was performed to study the
influence of peripheral bronchoconstriction and
the formation of interstitial edema on these lung
function decrements.
7. Development of Computer Programs—Written
and tested for the measurement of parameters of
the S-T segment of the electrocardiogram,
including the J-point depression, the slope of the
S-T segment, and the area under the S-T segment.
These programs have been adapted to the PPP-1 5
computer, the LSI-11 computer, and the Intel
8080 computer. Using these programs, a series of
studies was performed on dogs in which it was
clearly shown that the cardiac effects of carbon
monoxide poisoning and of hypoxemia induced by
low partial pressure or oxygen are additive.
8. Cancer Assessment in Asbestos Mining Areas—
Cancer mortality rates were compared for
asbestos mining counties and non-mining
counties within the same states. Whites residing
in asbestos mining counties displayed higher age-
adjust ed rates for buccal and pharyngeal tumors in
males, and for buccal, pharyngeal, and urinary
tract cancers in females. Non-white comparisons
showed male excesses for buccal and pharyngeal,
respiratory tract and cluster 2 cancers; non-white
females experienced excesses for respiratory
tract, breast, genital tract, urinary tract, cluster 1
and cluster 2 neoplasms, and for leukemia.
Comparisons of age-specific rates reveal higher
rates in asbestos mining counties among white
males for buccal and pharyngeal, gastro-intestinal
and benign tumors, and for leukemia. Leukemia
did not display the usual biomodality but rather
increased steadily with age. White females
displayed higher rates for buccal and pharyngeal,
breast, urinary tract cancers, and for leukemia and
the lymphomas. Non-white males revealed higher
rates for buccal and pharyngeal, gastrointestinal,
respiratory tract, cluster 1 and cluster 2 tumors, as
well as for leukemia. Non-white females displayed
excesses for respiratory tract, breast, genital tract,
urinary tract, cluster 1 and cluster 2 cancers, and
for leukemia. These findings suggest the need for
additional research concerning health effects
750
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related to possible ambient as well as occupational
forms of asbestos exposure.
Advances in Research—An assay has been
developed which can detect the generation of
unusual alterations in the metabolic pathway of a
model substrate. The procedure utilized lindane as
the model substrate. The altered metabolite profile
serves as an indication of toxicant exposure and
can signal the presence of interactions. The
procedure has been found to be useful in studying
exposure to pesticides, drugs, metals, other toxic
chemicals, and microwave radiation.
Twin-well calorimeters were used to determine
the whole body specific absorption rates for mice
and rats exposed to 2450MHz, 425 MHz, or 100
MHz radiation. Exposures were made of single
animals at one of the three frequencies and in one
of three orientations with respect to the E and H
fields. The three orientations of the long axis on
the animal were parallel to the E field, parallel to
the H field, and parallel to the K vector, the
direction of propagation. For each animal species
there were three animal weight ranges.
The 2450 MHz exposures were made in an
anechoic chamber in the far field. The 425 MHz
and 100 MHz exposures were made in TEM
Transmission Lines (Crawford Cells). Incident
power density was measured with a dipole probe
in the 2450 MHz exposures, whereas the 425 and
1 00 MHz incident power densities were calculated
from the incident power and effective cross
sectional area of the transmission line.
Comparison of the measured SAR values with the
theoretical values given in the Radiofrequency
Radiation Dosimetry Handbook (2nd Ed.) are in
reasonable agreement. The measured values
tended to be greater than the handbook values by a
factor of 2 and as high as a factor of 4.
The usefulness of the mouse lymphoma assay in a
test battery has already been validated by
extensive testing with positive and negative
carcinogens. This system presently has the
following advantages: (1) it utilizes a mammalian
cell; (2) it is capable of detecting as mutagens
several carcinogens which are missed in bacterial
assays; (3) it is a forward mutational assay capable
of detectinga complete range of gene damage, and
(4) it is a quantiative assay.
T91
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In previous studies, exposure to a single relatively
high dose of endrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticide, has been shown to induce a central
nervous system terata in hamsters. In further
studies, however, administration of multiple doses
of endrin using the commonly used teratology
bioassay protocol resulted in few fetal central
nervous system defects. Similarly, multiple doses
of endrin were not found to be teratogenic in the
rat or mouse even at doses which induced
maternal toxicity. Using the multiple (non-
teratogenic) dosing regimen the post-natal
behavioral development of rats and hamsters was
studied following prenatal endrin exposure.
Endrin was found to induce emotional
disturbances in pre-weanling hamsters and rats in
the absence of overt teratologic events. These
early behavioral disorders were observed at doses
below those that were maternally toxic. Although
the hyperactivity noted in the low dose groups was
generally attenuated following weaning hamsters
exposed to higher levels remained hyperactive
throughout their lifespan.
Methodologic research in the development of
more powerful statistical procedures has
continued at both Stanford University and
Columbia University. At Stanford, Whittmore has
received notification that her asthma panel
analysis report has been accepted for publication
in biometrics. She and Kopn are also continuing to
analyze the effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide
on asthmatics. Duan is continuing his analysis of
the distribution of human exposure patterns of air
pollutants. Switzer has completed arrangements
to begin cooperative studies with the Bay Area Air
Pollution Control District in the near future which
will add a valuable data resource and much
practical experience to the Statistics Department
capability. At Columbia, Goldstein and Cusick
have examined relationships between air
pollutant exposures and illness patterns in New
York City.
The obiectives of another study are to perform
comparative cytotoxicity experiments in vitro to
determine the plausability of using cellular and
biochemical indicators to rank the toxicity of
environmental samples. Three mammalian cell
systems (Rabbit Alveoloi Macrophage [RAM],
Human Neonatal Fibroblasts [HNF], and Chinese
Hamster Ovary [CHO] were used to determine the
relative cellular toxicity of lead sulfate, lead
oxide—coated fly ash, a fineparticleobtainedfrom
792
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stack gas of a fluidized-bed combustion process,
and Aroclor 1254 (a polychlorinated biphenyl).
Toxicity was determined after 20 hours of
exposure. Analysis of the results showed that the
relationship between cell viability (percent
surviving cells) and measured biochemical
indicators could be expressed as a straight line
with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.9. The
biochemical changes were more sensitive
indicators of cellular toxicity than cell viability.
Thirteen compounds have now been tested in the
mouse teratology screen under development. In
this procedure pregnant mice are exposed to near
maximally tolerated doses of chemical toxicants
during a period of peak organogenesis (days 8-1 2)
after which the dams are allowed to deliver
naturally. The growth and survival of the pups are
monitored over a 72-hour period. Previously
identified teratogens (cacodylic acid, vitamin A
and 5-BUDR) have shown teratogenic activity in
this test system corresponding to positive data in
standard protocols for teratology. Kepone,
caffeine, and sodium salicylate have shown mild
effects also consistent with results found in the
literature. Non-teratogens (carbaryl, dinoseb,
toxaphene, and endrin) have been inactive in this
system.
Research Program 1. Criteria Pollutants—Obtain data, through
controlled human studies, epidemiological
studies, and animal studies, on health effects of
criteria pollutants, either singly or in combination,
to identify additive and possible synergistic
effects.
2. Non-Criteria Air Pollutants—Obtain data on acute
toxicological effects of sulfunc acid, sulfates,
nitrates, and metal oxides in the 2.5 and 2.5-1 5
micrometer range on normal and impaired
animals. Obtain data, through controlled clinical
experiments, on the effects of the same materials
on human subjects. Relate elevated particulate
levels by size classification to observed health
effects through epidemiological studies.
Determine threat to human health from exposure
to heavy metals including lead, copper, zinc, and
other non-metallic substances. Develop protocols
and analytical procedures for the National
Environmental Specimen Bank pilot program.
3. Non-Regulated Pollutants Specifically Associated
with Transportation—To ascertain whether or not
733
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non-regulated emissions from vehicles or engines
manufactured after model year 1 978 will cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public
health. Particular emphasis is placed on
developing the scientific data base necessary to
assess public health risk associated with diesel
automotive exhaust products.
4. Pesticides—Activities include a variety of
laboratory and field studies to determine the
human exposure and toxicological effects of
pesticides. Specific areas of investigation involve:
determining the implications of new generation
pesticides, evaluating for humans the potential
carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and
other toxicological effects of pesticides; evaluating
human exposure during application procedures;
and developing predictive models for extrapolating
human effects from animal studies. Research is
also developing and validating analytical methods
for determining the presence of pesticides and
their, metabolites in environmental and biological
samples as an aid in defining human exposure and
human hazard.
5. Toxic Substances and NCTR—Major emphasis is
placed on research to promote and validate
improved screening techniques to determine the
carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, neurotoxic,
and other toxicological effects of chemical
substances. Long-term low-dose research is
correlating environmental and ambient levels of
pollutants and measured routes of exposure with
tumor induction and other health effects. In
addition, epidemiological studies evaluate and
confirm the significance of toxic effects in animals
as related to health effects in human populations.
6. Anticipatory—Identify candidate compounds or
categories of compounds for carcinogenicity
assessment in mammalian and in vitro test
systems. Using available vital statistics, identify
populations with increased cancer incidence,
delineate specific neoplasm type and relevant
demographic factors. Relate these cancer
incidence data to known or suspected chemical
carcinogens. These carcinogens are determined
by environmental monitoring and emissions
inventories
7. Radiant Energy—Investigations are continuing on
the health effects of non-ionizing radiation from
environmental sources such as television, radio,
and radar transmissions. Current emphasis is on
794
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experimental animal studies employing chronic,
low-level exposures using low power densities in
the range of 1-10 milliwatts per square
centimeter; the initiation of epidemiological
studies of exposed populations; and development
of a criteria document which provides a critical,
comprehensive review of the non-ionizing
radiation health effects literature. Results from
these studies are for establishing protective
guidelines for environmental levels of such
radiation. Specific activities include: Determina-
tion of the health effects of exposure to environ-
mentally occurring electromagnetic radiation,
including neu rop hys io log ic, behavioral,
teratogenic and immunologic effects; definition of
absorption frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation in biological systems; and identification
of mechanisms of interact ion, including frequency
dependence and power densities.
8. Health Effects from Pollutants Associated with
Energy Development—Collect health effects data
as a result of exposure to sulfates, particulates,
and organics. Objectives are to identify hazardous
agents associated with non-nuclear energy
technologies, develop more rapid and sensitive
methods to evaluate dose to man, determine
metabolism and fate of hazardous agents
associated with alternate energy technologies,
evaluate hazards of exposure of normal,
susceptible, and stressed population groups.
9. Quality Assurance (Pesticides)—Conduct Quality
Assurance Program to insure reliability of all EPA
pesticide analysis laboratories. This program
includes methods development and
standardization, provision of high purity analytical
standards, instrument modification, and repair
services. This program supports the Office of
Pesticide Programs.
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Health Effects Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mission Provide health effects data base to support regulatory
activities of the Agency. Identify, characterize, and
quantitate harmful effectsthat may result from exposure
to biological or chemical agents found in the
environment. Present these data in a form consistent
with the decision-making responsibilites to Agency
policymakers.
Specific activities are:
• Conduct field and laboratory studies of the effects on
human health and welfare associated with:
— Emissions from diesel-powered vehicles.
— Chemical and biological contaminants in
drinking water.
— Pollutants occurring in waters used for
recreation.
— Pollutants emitted from wastewater-
treatment plants.
— Land treatment and disposal of wastewater
and sludge.
— Toxic substances.
— Biological pest control.
• Develop models and test systems for quantifying
carcinogenic potency.
• Provide critical review expertise for documents
which evaluate health and environmental effects of
multimedia exposure to priority pollutants.
• Provide technical assistance to the various Program
Offices and Regional Offices.
736
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R. John Garner Director. Health Effects Research Laboratory-
Cincinnati, Ohio
Education: Downing College, Cambridge University
8.A. (Honors) (Natural Sciences), 1942
M.A. (Honors) (Biochemistry), 1946
Royal Veterinary College, London University
M.R.C.V.S. (equivalent to DVM), 1945
F.R.C.V.S. (Veterinary Biochemistry), 1952
Liverpool University
M.V.Sc. (Biochemistry), 1952
D.V.Sc. (awarded on Published Research), 1961
Professional
Experience:
Director, Health Effects Research Laboratory,
1975-Present
Director, Experimental Biology Laboratory,
EPA-Research Triangle Park, 1972-1975
Director, Collaborative Radiological Health Laboratory,
Colorado State University, 1965-1972
Professor of Radiation Biology and Biochemistry,
Colorado State University, 1965-1972
Head, Public Health Section, Authority Health and
Safety Branch, Atomic Energy Authority, United
Kingdom, 1960-1965
United Kingdom Agricultural Research Council,
1957-1960
Senior Lecturer in Chemical Pathology.Bristol
University, 1953-1956
Lecturer in Veterinary Biochemistry, Liverpool
University, 1950-1953
Research Biochemist, Colonial Veterinary Service,
Nigeria, 1946-1~950
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Professional
Affiliations: AAAS
Associate, Royal Institute of Chemistry
Health Physics Society
New York Academy of Sciences
Sigma Xi
Honors: Churchill Foundation Fellowship,
Copenhagen, Denmark, 1956
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Health Effects Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
Director
Dr. R. John Garner
Deputy Director
Dr. James B. Lucas
Epidemiology
Division
Leland J. McCabe
Toxicology Division
Dr. N. A. Clarke
•Acting
Program
Operations Staff
Dr. W E Grube, Jr.
FTS Telephone No. 684-7401
Commercial Telephone No. (513) 684-7401
795
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Research Program FY1979 FY 1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $5,022 $11,345 $6,939 $18,475
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 118
Recent
Accomplishments 1. International Symposium on the Health Effects of
Diesel Emissions—Conducted December 3-5,
1979. Proceedings will be published.
2. Three-year Study of High Barium Contact in
Drinking Water—Completed and published the
results of this study, one of significant value to
Regional officials in getting action from
communities and state ofifcials who have been
foot dragging on submission of plans for variance
or control.
3. M u Itidisciplinary Health Assessment —
Investigated potential health effects related to the
use of toxic-organic contaminated water supply at
a manufacturing plant in Granger, Indiana.
Analyses of workplace air samples and waters
from private wells in the surrounding area
provided verification that affected employees were
exposed through dermal, inahalation and
ingestion routes.
4. Drinking Water Standards—Provided expert
testimony in court which results in the
enforcement of compliance with drinking water
standards. A community in Region X wasforcedto
upgrade its drinking water system.
5. Criteria Documents for Maximum Acceptable
Limits of 18 Pollutant Compounds in Drinking
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Water—Prepared and forwarded to Geneva,
Switzerland in response to a request from the
Environmental Health Criteria and Standards
Office within the World Health Organization's
Division of Environmental Health to ORD.
6. Carcinogen Assessment Information—Developed
a short-term initiation/promotion assay in rat liver
as one component of a system designed to provide
data for rapid assessment of carcinogenic potency,
and conducted a workshop to assess information
on the relationships of various Short-Term In Vivo
Assays for Environmental Carcinogens.
Proceedings to be published.
7. Evaluation of T ox i city of Diesel Exhaust—
Determined that mortality from streptococcal
respiratory infection was significantly greater in
mice exposed for six hours or two weeks to dilute
diesel exhaust. Several experiments showed that
diesel exhaust may be more toxic than catalytic
gasoline exhaust with respect to the effect in the
bacterial test system.
8. EPA Virus Studies—Completed a five-year study
of viruses in drinking water. Of 205 large-volume
samples analyzed, none were recovered. This
supports the adequacy of current water treatment
practices in the prevention of overt viral
transmission. Concluded the first study to show a
statistically significant association between
exposure to recreational waters and an increased
risk of enteroviral disease. Produced and
submitted to Congress a comprehensive report on
EPA virus studies.
9. Evaluation of the Health and Welfare Effects of
Exposure to Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites—
Revealed a high prevalence of liver abnormalities
in persons consuming water from a contaminated
well. Results were prepared and presented at a
public hearing in Region IV.
10. Evaluation of the Health Effects of Ammonium
Sulfate—Evolved from concern by the Agency that
the use of the platinum palladium catalytic
converter to reduce automobile exhaust pollution
would increase ambient sulfuric acid levels. Since
su If uric acid is neutralized fairly quickly, the study
concluded that ammonium sulfate is non-toxic at
very high dose levels. If ammonia is present in the
respiratory tracts, then ambient levels of sulfuric
acid will be neutralized to ammonium sulfate
rendering the sulfuric acid harmless.
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11. Symposia—Published Proceedings of the
Symposium on Waterborne Giardia. Asymposium
on Wastewater Aerosols and Disease was held
September 19-21, 1979. Proceedings will be
published.
12. Recognition of Senior Toxicologist—Received the
Agency's highest level scientific achievement
award in recognition of his development of a
unique analytical approach to measurement of
brain biochemical changes, and application to the
first direct demonstration of lead-induced delays
in brain development.
13. Development of Marine Recreational Water
Criteria—Completed and forwarded for outside
peer review a draft document which presents
complete epidemiological and microbiological
bases for developing these criteria. These data
present the relationship of the incidence (stated
deterministically) or risk (stated stochastically) of
disease among swimmers to the quality of the
water as measured by the effector itself or an
appropriate indicator.
14. Evaluation of Vital Statistics for Kibutzim in
Israel—Found the incidence of shigellosis,
salmonellosis, typyhoid fever, and infectious
hepatitis higher in communities practicing
wastewater irrigation compared to kibutzim not
using wastewater. Further research is planned to
determine whether the cause of the disease was
aerosols or one of several other pathways of
infection.
1 5. Evaluation of Health Effects of Diesel-Powered
Equipment in Coal Mine Environments—Began
whole animal exposures to a four-pronged
protocol including clean air, diesel exhaust alone,
coal dust alone, and combined diesel exhaust and
coal dust, under an IAG with NIOSH. This project,
expected to require 2.5 million dollars over a two-
year exposure period, will contribute essential
health effects data to both this Agency and to
decision makers charged with determining
whether diesel-powered equipment is allowable
in coal mine environments.
16. Problem Solving Committee—Formed for the
purpose of improving Employee/Management
interactions. Such improved communications will
ultimately result in more effective implementation
of the research mission of HERL-Cincinnati.
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17. Completion of Research and Publication of
Results—Pathogenic naeglaria: Distribution in
nature.
18. Completion of the Study, Causes of Death of
Anesthesiologists from 'the Chloroform Era—
Determined whether long-term toxic effects of
exposure to this compound would be reflected in
mortality statistics for this group.
1 9. Evaluation of Asbestos Ingestion—Developed data
showing a statistically significant positive
relationship between several cancer sites and
ingestion of asbestos from drinking water.
Another study found asbestos fibers in urine and
tissues of baboons ingesting infant formula
containing asbestos fibers. This demonstrates that
ingested fibers penetrate gastrointestinal tissues
and migrate through the body.
20. Water Supply Survey—Completed a national
survey covering water supplies serving
approximately one-fifth of the U.S. population,
showing that almost 70 percent of the
representative utilities have moderately to highly
aggressive waters. Corrosion caused by
aggressive water not only carries the threat of
distribution system deterioration but also poses a
potential health hazard where asbestos fibers may
be leached into the drinking water supply.
21. Epidemiological Studies of Populations Affected
by Fossil Fuel Energy Development—Completed
three broad-ranging epidemiological studies of
populations affected by fossil fuel energy
development in eastern, midwestern, and western
U.S. coal fields. Data developed by this work
documents potentially and actively exposed
populations; geographical, geological,
hydrolog ica I, and other environmental
parameters; and presents a broad range of
information needed to effectively implement more
detailed approaches to documentation of the
human health effects of energy-related pollutants.
Research' Program 1. Drinking Water Health Effects Research
• Develop scientific basis for establishing,
evaluating and revising drinking water
standards and drinking water treatment
technologies. Priority projects include:
assessment of relative hazards from chlorine
and alternate disinfectants and their by-
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products (trihalomethanes, etc.); toxicological
studies on organic concentrates from finished
water. Continuing objective is to identify
relationships between water quality and major
causes of death (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular
disease).
• Determine occurrence and effects of
microbiological contaminants in water
supplies. Studies include: surveys for the
occurrence of pathogenic organisms;
determination of what diseases are or may be
transmitted by drinking water and of what
conditions allow this to occur. Waterborne
disease outbreaks provide useful data. Provide
assistance to CDC with investigation of such
outbreaks.
• Determine health effects of asbestos fibers of
the type found in water supplies. The
toxicological component includes support of
an interagency long-term feeding study.
Epidemiological studies include investigation
of cancer incidence in 'communities supplied
through asbestos-cement pipes.
• Evaluate potential health hazards associated
with water reuse for domestic purposes.
Ultimate objective: develop data base to set
criteria for the potability of highly treated
wastewaters.
2. Pollutants Posing a Health Risk Related to Water
Quality Directly or Indirectly
• Determine health risks (chemical and
biological) from land application of municipal
wastewater. Data will assist in developing
criteria for land application systems. Emphasis
is on the persistence and movement of viruses,
heavy metals and organics such as RGB's. A
closely related program considers aerosols
among wastewater treatment plants.
• Determine health risks of land application of
municipal sludge and of other sludge
treatment and disposal techniques. Support
Cincinnati's municipal sludge management
program by conducting projects to interpret
generated and existing data to provide
guidance to Agency policymakers. Metals,
organics, and pathogenic organisms are
considered, with immediate emphasis on
cadmium and lead.
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• Develop rapid bioassay methods for
characterizing complex effluents. Provide
assistance to OEMI's environmental
assessment program in developing,
interpreting, and reviewing bioassay protocols
for liquid effluents.
• Quantify health effects associated with direct
disposal of wastewater and sludge into the
aquatic environment; associate the health
effects with some index of the quality of the
water. Current programs aimed at developing
criteria for the swimmability of freshwater and
marine beaches.
3. Risk Assessment of Pollutants Associated with
Transportation
• Assess impact on public health of use in
automobiles of alternative engines, fuels, fuel
additives, and emisison control systems.
Principal approach is through exposure of
animals to whole auto emissions. Immediate
emphasis is on emissions from light-duty
diesel engines.
4. Health Effects from Pollutants Associated with
Energy Development
• Identify, characterize, and determine health
effects of pollutants from fossil fuel conversion
and utilization processes. Included are studies
of the metabolism and fate of biologically
active pollutants from a Lurgi Process coal
gasification plant (with IERL-RTP), and on the
health risks to people using water supplies in
areas used for coal extraction.
5. Identification of the Health Effects of Toxic
Substances
• Assess toxicity of selected high-priority toxic
materials using improved screening methods
and appropriate animal model systems.
Determine which materials are significantly
toxic at low levels, how and where they
produce adverse health effects, and what are
their general mechanisms of action.
6. Environmental Carcinogens
• Develop in vivo systems for rapid assessment
of carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic potential
and carcinogenic potency of environmental
pollutants.
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Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Mission The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Research Triangle Park (ECAO/RTP) is responsible for
criteria establishment and health assessment primarily
concerning ambient air pollution. The primary functions
of ECAO/RTP consist of:
• Preparing, publishing, and periodically revising
criteria documents as input for establishing
environmental standards.
• Preparing and publishing health assessment
documents for various pollutants.
• Furnishing appropriate scientific information to
those in EPA and Congress who are responsible for
making regulatory and legislative decisions.
• Supplying reports and assessments as needed tot he
Carcinogen Assessment Group and the ORD Health
Assessment Group, and performing tasks assigned
to ORD as the World Health Organization (WHO)
collaborating center for environmental pollution
control.
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Lester D. Grant
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Director, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office—Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
University of Pittsburgh, B.S. (Psychology), 1964
Carnegie-Mellon University, M.S. (Psychology), 1967
Carnegie-Mellon University, Ph.D. (Psychology), 1969
Director, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Office of Research and Development, U.S.
EPA, 1978-Present
Associate Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and
Anatomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
NC, 1977-1978
Codirector, Neurobiology of Environmental Pollutants
Program Project, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill NC, 1974-1978
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, 1973-1977
Acting Director, Neurobiology Program, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, June 1973
Associate Director Training, Neurobiology Program,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC,
1972-1973
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC,
1971-1977
Instructor, Department of Anatomy, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, 1971-1973
Research Scientist, Biological Sciences Research
Center of the Child Development Institute, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, 1970-1978
Member, Laboratories for Reproductive Biology,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC
Member, Neurobiology Program, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill NC
207
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Professional
Affiliations:
Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, 1970-1971
NIMH Postdoctoral Fellow in Biopsychology, University
of Chicago (S.P. Grossman, Sponsor), 1969-1970
Graduate Assistant, Psychoactive Drugs Course,
Carnegie-Mellon University, Spring 1969
Graduate Supervisor, Educational Testing Service
Test Center, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1968-1969
NASA Predoctoral Trainee-Graduate Research
Assistant, Physiological Psychology, Carnegie-
Mellon University, 1966-1968
Graduate Instructor, Social Psychology, Carnegie-
Mellon University, Spring 1966
Graduate Assistant, Ford Foundation Workshop on
Research in Organizational Behavior, Carnegie-Mellon
University, Summer 1965
Graduate Research Assistant, Social-Organization
Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1964-1966
Research Assistant, Team Training Laboratory,
American Institutes for Research, Pittsburgh PA,
1962-1966
Undergraduate Research Assistant, Social Psychology,
University of Pittsburgh, PA, 1961-1964
Society of Sigma Xi
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Psychological Association
Society for Neuroscience
American Association of Anatomists
Honors: University Scholarship, University of Pittsburgh
Honors Program-Advance Placement, University of
Pittsburgh
Departmental Honors in Psychology, University of
Pittsburgh
NASA Predoctoral Traineeship, Carnegie-Mellon
University
NIMH Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Chicago
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Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
Director
Dr. Lester D. Grant
Deputy Director
Michael A. Berry
I
Scientific Staff
Vacant
1
Technical Services
Section
Francis P Bradow
FTS Telephone No: 629-2266
Commercial Telephone No. (919) 541 -2266
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Research Program
Resources
Summary
($1,000's)
FY 1979
In-House Extramural
$1,655
FY 1980
In-House Extramural
$1,488 $382
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel 22
Recent
Accomplishments
1. Air Quality Criteria Documents — Initiated
preparation of documents for Sulfur
Oxides/Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide.
2. Health Assessment—Initiated preparation of
documents for Arsenic, Trichloroethylene, Methyl
Chloroform, Methylene Chloride, Fluorocarbon
1 13 and Vinylidene Chloride.
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Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mission The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati (ECAO/Cin) is reponsible for the preparation
of criteria and risk assessment documents primarily
concerning, but not limited to water pollution and solid
wastes in support of program needs for use in Agency
regulatory activities. ECAO/Cin serves as an ORD focal
point to collect, summarize, evaluate, and assess all
available scientific data, national and international, on
toxic effects resulting from exposure to environmental
pollutants. The primary functions of the ECAO/Cin
consist of:
• Preparing, publishing and periodically revising
criteria documents as input for establishing
environmental standards.
• Preparing and publishing health and ecological risk
assessment documents, which serve as a basis for
decisions by the EPA Administrator regarding the
listing of pollutants for control under various
legislative authorities.
• Responding to requests for scientific documentation
from Agency Program Offices and the Office of
General Council, and preparing special reports and
assessments to these groups as needed.
• Communicating with and assisting international
agencies, such as the World Health Organization,
Food and Agriculture Organization and the
International Atomic Energy Commission in the
execution of ORD's role as a collaborating center for
environmental pollution control.
Maintaining a high degree of liaison/interaction
with ECAO/RTP, CAG and other components of
OHEA.
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Jerry F. Stara Director, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office—Cincinnati, Ohio
Education:
Professional
Experience:
Professional
Affiliations:
University of Brno, Czech. — B S. (Biology) 1948
University of Georgia—D.V M (Vet Med.) 1954
Harvard University—M.P.M. (Public Health) 1955
University of Rochester, NY.—M.Sc (Radiotoxicology)
1961
Director, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, 1979-Present
Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health, Kettering
Institute, Cincinnati, 1972-Present
Adjunct Clinical Professor of Radiology, College of
Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 1966-Present
Director, Office of Program Operations, Health Effects
Research Laboratory, EPA, Cincinnati, 1976-1978
Director, Environmental Toxicology Research
Laboratory, EPA, Cincinnati, 1970-1976
Chief, Biological Research Branch, National Air
Pollution Control Administration, HEW, 1969-1970
Chief, Radionuclide Toxicology Laboratory, National
Center for Radiological Health, DHEW, 1967-1969
Chief, Radiobiology Section, Div Rad. Health, DHEW,
1962-1967
Senior Staff Member, Fission Product Inhalation
Program, Lovelace Foundation, Albuquerque, New
Mexico, 1960-1962
Chief, Communicable Disease and Food Control
Section, McComb County Health Department,
Mt. demons, Michigan, 1955-1960
American Association for the Advancement of
Science
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American Veterinary Medical Association
American Public Health Association
Radiation Research Society
Committee on Public Health, U.S. Livestock Assoc.
Honors: Sigmi Xi, 1968
Special promotion to Director Grade
Commissioned Corps, PHS, 1968
PHS Meritorious Service Medal, 1973
State Veterinary Boards: Michigan 1957, and Ohio
1963
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Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office
Cincinnati, Ohio
Director
Dr. Jerry F. Stara
Deputy Director
Dr. S. Duk Lee*
Scientific Staff
Dr. Si Duk Lee
Technical Services
Staff
David J Reisman
*Acting
FTS Telephone No. 684-7531
Commercial Telephone No. (513) 684-7531
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Research Program FY1979 FY1980
Resources In-House Extramural In-House Extramural
Summary $311 $1685 $801 $875
($1,000's)
Personnel
Full-time EPA Personnel = 12
Recent
Accomplishments 1. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Documents—
Completed final drafts on the 65 Consent Decree
pollutants for publication in Federal Register.
Reviewed and resolved public comments on the
65, utilizing expert consultants and in-house
scientists in work sessions.
2. Hazard Profiles—Completed 260 Hazard Profiles
on chemical pollutants for the Office of Solid
Waste as part of a comprehensive evaluation on
toxic waste streams.
3. Reviews of the Environmental Effects of
Pollutants—Published Reviews (REEPs) on 12
substances: mirex/kepone, benzidine, chromium,
cadmium, cyanide, beryllium, lead, toxaphene,
chlorophenols, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and
endrin.
4. Chemical Reviews—Completed for the Office of
Enforcement a review of 1 2 chemicals which are
under consideration for exemption under the 301 g
waiver provision of the Clean Air Act. Initiated
work on environmental assessment for 12
multimedia documents of: acetone, ammonia,
barium and compounds, chlorophenoxy
herbicides, dibenzofurans, iron and compounds,
kepone, malathion, manganese and compounds,
methoxychlor, mirex, and parathion. The first
drafts are being finalized.
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5. Monograph — Finalized for publication a
monograph entitled, Long-Term Effects of
Pollutants in Canine Species.
6. Organization Established—Recruited and hired
personnel to fill 18 of the 23 projected scientific
and technical staff positions of the newly
established ECAO/Cin. Made operational the
Wang Office Information and Word Processing
System, and trained appropriate personnel.
Initiated establishment of telecommunication
network between ECAO/Cin, OHEA, and outside
contractors.
Research Program 1. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Documents
• Characterize suspect chemical substances
based on reported data of environmental
exposure from aquatic media.
• Locate and compile relevant information
concerning suspect chemical substances by
comprehensive literature searches.
• Evaluate all data and select key health and
ecological effects studies relevant to
assessment of risk.
• Perform quantitative and qualitative data
analysis to establish criterion levels of
environmental pollutants which would protect
public health and welfare.
• Publish the 65 Ambient Water Quality Criteria
documents as an input for setting
environmental standards.
2. Scientific Assessment on Selected Water
Pollutants
• Identify and characterize suspect chemical
substances in the environment by examination
of available test data, exposure patterns, and
their impact on human health and overall
ecological and environmental quality.
• Prepare and publish scientific hazard risk
assessments on selected water pollutants
which will serve as a basis for Agency
decisions regarding the listing of pollutants for
standards.
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3. Hazard Profile Summaries
• Preparation of 260 Hazard Profile Summaries
on selected chemicals identified in solid waste
effluent streams.
217
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