OFFICE OF
CH AND DEVELOP
PROGRPfTl
GUIDE
FI/CPL YEPR1978
October 1977 - September 1978
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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INTRODUCTION
PART I
PART II
PART III
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1
Office of Research and Development — Organization Chart 3
Office of Research and Development — Organizational
Directory 4
Office of Research and Development — Fiscal Year
1978 Research Program 15
Health and Ecological Effects Program Area 16
Health Effects Subprogram 16
Ecological Processes and Effects Subprogram 24
Transport and Fate of Pollutants Subprogram 27
Energy/Environment Program Area 28
Extraction and Processing Technology Subprogram 28
Conservation, Utilization and Technology
Assessments Subprogram 31
Health and Ecological Effects Subprogram 34
Energy Technical Support Subprogram 38
Industrial Processes Program Area 39
Minerals Processing and Manufacturing 39
Industries Subprogram
Renewable Resources Subprogram 42
Public Sector Activities Program Area 46
Waste Management Subprogram 46
Water Supply Subprogram 50
Environmental Management Subprogram 52
Monitoring and Technical Support Program Area 53
Measurement Techniques and Equipment
Standardization Subprogram 53
Characterization and Measurement Methods
Development Subprogram 55
Quality Assurance Subprogram 57
Technical Support Subprogram 59
Office of Research and Development's Grant and Contract
Activities 62
Program-Budget Structure and Codes 66
EPA Organization Chart 68
EPA Officials and Regional Contacts 69
Mailing List Form 75
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM GUIDE
Introduction
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in December of 1970 and was charged
with a single overall mission—the protection and enhancement of the environment. The Agency was created by
Presidential Reorganization Order involving the transfer and integration of 15 separate units of previously
existing agencies. A single organizational entity was thereby established for the control of environmental
pollution, drinking water quality, environmental radiation and noise, solid wastes, pesticides, and other toxic
substances. The purpose was to mount an integrated national attack on environmental pollution and to allow
progression toward a full understanding of the total environment as a single system consisting of separate but
interrelated parts.
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) functions as the principal scientific component of EPA. Its
fundamental role is to produce scientific data and technical tools on which to base sound national policy in the
development of effective pollution control strategies and the promulgation of adequate and viable environmental
standards.
ORD's research is supplemented by general scientific and technical research in other federal agencies,
colleges and universities and elsewhere. ORD also supports the Agency's involvement in many international
organizations with mutual environmental research and development (R&D) concerns.
More general functions of ORD include: (1) maintenance of in-house expertise capable of quickly responding
to emergencies and giving expert consultation and testimony when necessary; (2) sharing the results of
environmental R&D with a wide range of individuals, groups, and agencies in ways that are meaningful and
practical; and (3) giving expert scientific and technical assistance to other EPA offices to help them formulate
environmental policy.
Specific authority for the conduct of EPA's research and development programs, including research support
for environmental aspects of energy development, is included in the annual appropriation acts and the following
legislation.
Clean Air Act, as amended (P.L. 95-95)
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended
(P.L. 92-500)
Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
as amended (P.L. 92-516)
Public Health Service Act, as amended (P.L. 78^10)
Noise Control Act (P.L. 92-574)
Toxic Substances Control Act (P.L. 94-469)
National Environmental Policy Act (P.L. 91-190)
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act
(P.L. 92-532)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (P.L. 94-580)
Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration
Authorization Act (P.L. 94-475)
The purpose of this Program Guide is three-fold: First, to acquaint the research and development community
with the organizational structure of the Office of Research and Development — PART I; second, to make public
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the Office of Research and Development's extramural research program objectives for fiscal year 1978 — PART
II; and third, to provide general guidelines necessary when developing grant or contract applications — PART
III.
Hand out copies of this Program Guide are available from the EPA's ten regional offices (see Appendix D),
from ORD's fifteen associated laboratories throughout the country, and from the Office of Research and
Development, Headquarters, Washington, DC. Mail requests should be sent to:
Office of Financial & Administrative Services (RD-674)
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
Anyone wishing to receive future editions of this Program Guide should complete and return the form
located at the back of this publication (Appendix D).
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
ASSOCIATE ASST. ADM.
OFFICE OF MONITORING
AND
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
OFFICE OF ENERGY
MINERALS AND
INDUSTRY
OFFICE OF AIR
LAND AND WATER
USE
OFFICE OF HEALTH
AND
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING & SUPPORT
LABORATORY -
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
INDUSTRIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH LABORATORY •
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
HEALTH EFFECTS
RESEARCH LABORATORY -
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING & SUPPORT
LABORATORY -
CINCINNATI
INDUSTRIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
CINCINNATI
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH LABORATORY -
CINCINNATI
HEALTH EFFECTS
RESEARCH LABORATORY -
CINCINNATI
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING & SUPPORT
LABORATORY -
LAS VEGAS
ROBERT S. KERR
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
ADA
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
CORVALL1S
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH INFORMATION
CENTER -
CINCINNATI
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY
ATHENS
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
DULUTH
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
NARRAGANSETT
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY -
GULF BREEZE
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PART I
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
The Office of Research and Development is responsible for the development, direction, and conduct of a national
research, development, and demonstration program in pollution sources, fate, and health and welfare effects; waste
management and utilization technology; environmental sciences; and monitoring systems. The Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development also serves as principal science advisor to the Administrator and coordinator for the Agency's
policies and programs concerning carcinogenesis and related problems.
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development
Stephen J. Gage, Acting
Associate Assistant Administrator
Carl R. Gerber
Office of Financial and Administrative Services
Director, Alan Neuschatz
Office of Planning and Review
Director, Samuel Rondberg, Acting
Office of the Principal Science Advisor
Principal Physical Science Advisor, Herbert Wiser
Principal Engineering Advisor, William Lacy
Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati
David G. Stephan
Support Services Office - Cincinnati
Director, Robert N. Carr
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
John K. Burchard
Support Services Office - RTF
Director, Paul A. Kenline
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Headquarters
Mail Code*
RD-672
RD-672
RD-674
RD-675
RD-676
RD-676
Telephone**
(202) 755-2600
(202) 755-0122
(202) 426-2355
(202) 755-2606
(202) 755-0477
(202) 755-0464
(513) 684-4402
(513) 684-7966
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2821
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2613
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support
The Office of Monitoring and Technical Support is responsible for the development and demonstration of monitoring
systems; quality control of pollutant measurement and monitoring techniques (quality assurance); technical information
dissemination; and technical support services.
Headquarters
Mail Code*
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Albert C. Trakowski, Jr.
Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator
H. Matthew Bills
Program Operations Staff
Director, Ross K. Robeson
Regional Services Staff
Director, Michael L. Mastracci
Monitoring Technology Division
Director, Charles Brunot
Technical Support Division
Director, William A. Cawley
Technical Information Division
Director, W. Randall Shobe
Environmental Research Information Center
Director, Robert Crowe
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
RD-680
RD-680
RD-680
RD-680
RD-680
RD-680
RD-680
Telephone**
(202) 426-2202
(202) 426-4453
(202) 755-6403
(202) 755-9210
(202) 426-2026
(202) 426-2382
(202) 245-3018
(513) 684-7391
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Director, Thomas Hauser
Deputy Director, (Vacant)
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2106
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2106
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Telephone**
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Director, Dwight G. Ballinger (513) 684-7301
Deputy Director, Robert L. Booth (513) 684—7301
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory CML(702) 736-2969
Director, George B. Morgan p-p§ 595-2969
Deputy Director (Vacant)
Environmental Protection Agency
P. O. Box 15027
Las Vegas, NV 89114
Vint Hill Field Station (703) 347-6224
P. O. Box 1587
Building 166
Warrenton, VA 22186
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
The Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry is responsible for the assessment and the development of methods for
control of the environmental and socio-economic impacts of energy and mineral resource extraction, processing, conversion,
and utilization systems and of other industrial operations.
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Stephen J. Gage
Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator
Steven R. Reznek
Program Operations Staff
Director, Everett Lemley
Energy Coordination Staff
Director, Clinton W. Hall
Energy Processes Division
Director, Frank T. Princiotta
Industrial and Extractive Processes Division
Director, Kurt Jakobson (Acting)
Headquarters
Mail Code*
RD-681
RD-681
RD-681
RD-681
RD-681
RD-681
Telephone**
(202) 755-4857
(202) 755^857
(202) 426-2507
(202) 426-4567
(202) 755-0205
(202) 755-9014
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, John K. Burchard
Deputy Director, Norbert Jaworski
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2821
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2821
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, David G. Stephan
Deputy Director, (Vacant)
Environmental Protection Agency
5555 Ridge Avenue
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch, Edison, NJ
Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, NJ 08817
Extraction Technology Branch, Rivesville, WV
P. O. Box 5555
Rivesville, WV 26588
Telephone**
(513) 684-4402
(513) 684-4438
CML(201) 321-6600
FTS 340-6600
CML(304) 278-5376
FTS 923-7496
Food and Wood Products Branch, Corvallis, OR
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97330
CML(503) 752-4211
FTS 420-4694
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Office of Air, Land, and Water Use
The Office of Air, Land, and Water Use is responsible for the development and demonstration of cost-effective methods
for the prevention or management of pollutant discharge or waste disposal into the environment, except those related to
energy, minerals, or industrial processes.
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Thomas A. Murphy
Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator
(Vacant)
Program Operations Staff
Director, William Frietsch
Agriculture and Non-Point Source Management Division
Director, Darwin R. Wright
Waste Management Division
Director, William Rosenkranz
Media Quality Management Division
Director, Courtney Riordan
Headquarters
Mail Code*
RD-682
RD-682
RD-682
RD-682
RD-682
RD-682
Telephone**
(202) 426-0803
(202) 426-0803
(202) 426-4255
(202) 426-2407
(202) 426-2260
(202) 426-1532
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Director, A. Paul Altshuller
Deputy Director, Alfred Ellison
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Regional Air Pollution Study Field Office
11640 Administration Drive
St. Louis, MO 63141
CML(919) 541-2111
FTS 629-2191
CML(919) 541-8411
FTS 629-2191
CML(314) 425-7022
FTS 279-7022
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Francis T. Mayo
Deputy Director, Louis W. Lefke
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Lebanon Pilot Plant
Route 2, Box 7-A
Glosser Road
Lebanon, OH 45036
Telephone**
(513) 684-7951
(513) 684-7953
CML(513) 932^951
FTS 684-2000, ask for
(513) 932^951
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, William C. Galegar
Deputy Director, Marvin L. Wood
Environmental Protection Agency
P. O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, David W. Duttweiler
Deputy Director, Henry F. Enos
Environmental Protection Agency
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30601
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 743-2224
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 743-2226
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 250-3134
CML (404) 546-3430
FTS 250-3430
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Office of Health and Ecological Effects
The Office of Health and Ecological Effects is responsible for the development of health and ecological data needed for
the establishment of standards and criteria or guidelines for those components of the environment in which specific pollutants
or activities may require control.
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Delbert Barth
Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator
Andrew McErlean
Program Operations Staff
Director, (Vacant)
Stratospheric Modification Research Staff
Director, Alphonse Forziati
Health Effects Division
Director, George G. Armstrong, M.D.
Ecological Effects Division
Director, David A. Flemer
Criteria Development and Special Studies Division
Director, Roger S. Cortesi
Headquarters
Mail Code*
RD-683
RD-683
RD-683
RD-683
RD-683
RD-683
RD-683
Telephone**
(202) 755-0820
(202) 755-0638
(202) 755-0611
(202) 245-3027
(202) 755-9723
(202) 755-0649
(202) 426-4637
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Director, John H. Knelson, M.D., Acting
Deputy Director, Robert E. Lee, Jr.
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Wenatchee Research Station
P. O. Box 73
Wenatchee, WA 98801
CML(919) 549-8411
FTS 629-2281
CML(919) 549-8411
FTS 629-2281
CML(504) 663-0031
FTS 446-0243
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Director, John Garner
Deputy Director, James Lucas, M.D.
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Recreational Water Quality Criteria Group
Environmental Protection Agency
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
Telephone**
(513) 684-7401
(513) 684-7401
CML(401) 789-1071
FTS 838-4843
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, A. F. Bartsch
Deputy Director, Earl Kari
CML (503) 757^601
FTS 420-4601
CML (503) 757^601
FTS 420-4601
Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97330
Newport Field Station
Marine Science Center
Newport, OR 97365
Ely Field Station
222 West Conan Street
Ely, MN 55731
Western Fish Toxicology Station
1350 SE Goodnight Avenue
Corvallis, OR 97330
Arctic Environmental Research Station
College, AK 99701
CML (503) 867^031
FTS 423-4111, ask for
(503) 867-W31
CML (218) 365-5280
FTS 725-4242, ask for
(218) 365-5280
CML (503) 757-4735
FTS 420-4735
CML (907) 479-7728
FTS 399-0150, ask for
(907) 479-7728
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Donald I. Mount
Deputy Director, David Yount
Telephone**
CML(218) 727-6692
FTS 783-9550
CML(218) 727-6692
FTS 783-9549
Environmental Protection Agency
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station
3411 Church Street
Cincinnati, OH 45244
Monticello Field Station
Box 500
Monticello, MN 55362
Large Lakes Research Station
9311 Groh Road
Grosse He, MI 48138
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Eric D. Schneider
Deputy Director, Frank G. Lowman
(513) 684-8601
CML(513) 295-5145
FTS None
CML(313) 675-5000
FTS 226-7811
CML(401) 789-1071
FTS 838^843
CML(401) 789-1071
FTS 838^843
Environmental Protection Agency
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORY
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Thomas W. Duke
Deputy Director, Tudor Davies
Environmental Protection Agency
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
Bears Bluff Field Station
Box 368
Johns Island, SC 29455
Telephone**
CML(904) 932-5311
FTS None
CML(904) 932-5311
FTS None
CML(803) 559-0371
FTS 577-4171, ask for
(803) 559-0371
*The Office of Research and Development Headquarters mailing address is — Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC 20460. Headquarters mail should also include the Mail Code.
**Telephone numbers are both commercial and Federal Telecommunications System (FTS) unless otherwise indicated.
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PART II
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
FISCAL YEAR 1978 RESEARCH PROGRAM
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) establishes its objectives and priorities in response to the
overall mission and priorities of EPA and is highly mission-oriented, concerned with solving specific priority
problems rather than only advancing scientific knowledge. Although the scope of ORD projects may vary from
quite fundamental research to the full-scale engineering demonstration of new pollution control processes, all
projects are directed at meeting specified objectives. While unsolicited proposals and grant applications may be
submitted on any subject at any time (see Part III), all these proposals will be evaluated in the context of these pre-
established research objectives.
In ORD's planning process research objectives are grouped into five major program areas. These are: Health
and Ecological Effects, Energy/Environment, Industrial Processes, Public Sector Activities, and Monitoring and
Technical Support. Each program area is further divided into one or more subprogram areas or program
elements. The relationship between ORD's planning structure and EPA's budget structure is shown in Appendix
A.
After research objectives have been defined and approved by ORD and other Agency components, they are
formally documented by ORD in planning documents called "Accomplishment Plans." Each Accomplishment
Plan summarizes a specific research objective to be pursued by one or more of ORD's fifteen laboratories. While
these Accomplishment Plans describe the research objectives desired, they do not contain detailed information on
the individual mechanisms or projects required to attain the desired results. This detailed planning is the
responsibility of the Laboratory Director.
The following pages in Part II describe all fiscal year 1978 Accomplishment Plans which have funds reserved
that will be expended through the grant or contract process. The laboratory or laboratories responsible for each
Accomplishment Plan are shown. Contact with ORD's laboratories concerning these plans and objectives is
encouraged.
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
The Health and Ecological Effects Program Area is fundamental to EPA's responsibility to set criteria,
standards and guidelines to protect and enhance environmental quality. Scientific information which delineates
the effects of pollutants on human health and ecosystem structure is essential to the development of environmental
quality standards and effective pollution control strategies. The link between the existence of a damaging
pollutant and the way it entered the environment must also be understood by policy-makers. Research on
pollutant transport and fate is essential in order to set control requirements for specific sources.
The Health and Ecological Effects Program also provides information for establishment and reevaluation of
water quality criteria, air quality criteria, ocean disposal criteria, pesticide registration guidelines, effluent
standards for toxic and hazardous materials and radiation standards. This program contains four subprograms:
Health Effects, Ecological Processes and Effects, Transport and Fate of Pollutants, and Stratospheric
Modification.
HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Health effects research is directed toward the assessment of health hazards associated with environmental
pollution in a number of media and categories including air, water, pesticides, radiation, etc. Within this program,
research problems are classified on the basis of exposure, or the way in which pollutants reach man. In taking
environmental action to protect human health, exposure to specific contaminants, not effect, is regulated. Three
primary categories are used in the problem classification: "Air Exposures and Their Effects" which deals with
contaminants reaching man primarily in air, "Water Exposures and Their Effects" which deals with
contaminants reaching man primarily in water, and "Multi-Route Exposures and Their Effects" which addresses
pollutants which commonly reach man by a variety of routes of exposure.
Air Exposures & Their Effects: Refinement of Public Health Risk Assessment on Pollutants
Specifically Associated With Transportation — 601B
Extramural Funds: $1,356,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: This is a multidisciplinary research program begun in fiscal year 1975
focusing on the public health consequences of non-regulated pollutants from mobile sources. The program is
designed to provide timely decision-making input regarding sulfuric acid and other pollutants from mobile
sources as promised by the Administrator to the Congress in November 1973. The emphasis is on the evaluation of
unregulated emissions from advanced automotive control systems (principally, but not restricted to, catalysts) so
as to ensure protection of the public health and welfare.
Four ORD laboratories perform research on automobile emissions. They are:
(1) Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory/Research Triangle Park—emissions characterization,
measurement methods development for auto exhaust emissions, measurement methods development
for ambient air, and dispersion models development for auto emissions.
(2) Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory/Research Triangle Park—ambient air
measurement for catalyst equipped car reduction of air pollution, measurement methods
standardization, quality assurance for entire catalyst program.
(3) Health Effects Research Laboratory/Cincinnati—animal toxicology using whole exhaust and pure
components for acute, subacute and chronic studies.
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
(4) Health Effects Research Laboratory/Research Triangle Park—animal toxicology and controlled
human exposure acute studies using pure components found in auto exhaust.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Air Exposures and Their Effects: Refinement of Public Health Information on Pollutants for
Which Ambient Air Quality Standards Have Been Identified — 601C
Extramural Funds: $ 1,770,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Research is conducted to evaluate the adequacy of existing Ambient Air
Quality Standards (AAQS) and to refine existing health criteria. Emphasis is directed toward: evaluation of
exposure averaging times, adequacy of existing safety margins, determination of the health benefits of meeting and
the health risks of exceeding the AAQS's on a time-weighted basis. Clinical studies will focus on refining
dose/response characteristics of criteria pollutants and a minimal amount of indicator methodology development.
Preponderance of resources are addressed to ozone and other components of the photochemical oxidant complex.
Research effort on CO will plateau and diminish, as dose/response effects for that pollutant are refined.
Toxicological studies will concentrate on the acquisition of dose-rate data for NCh to assist in providing a
scientific foundation for the Agency's pending short-term NO2 standard. A comparable effort will be directed
toward assessing the interaction effects from exposures to combinations of SO2, NO2, Oa, PAN and particulates.
Results from this research will be useful in the interpretation of epidemiologic data and in aiding the design of
future chemical and epidemiological studies. Population and community studies are the most difficult to design
and conduct, but are the most persuasive when well executed. Enhanced attention must be given to clearly
targeted studies of this nature planned to answer specific questions. Of highest priority are studies addressing the
question of relative contribution to observed disease consequences of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. Studies
utilizing more sophisticated health endpoints are being initiated. These community studies shall utilize the new
generation of CHAMP stations for improved environmental assessment.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Air Exposures and Their Effects: Identification of the Health Implications of Exposure to
Non-Criteria Pollutants Reaching Man Primarily in Air — 601D
Extramural Funds: $ 1,968,400
Accomplishment Plan Summary: One of the major objectives of the research to be undertaken in this plan is
to supply scientific data useful for determining whether exposure to presently unregulated air pollutants should be
restricted to protect health. Once an indication is available that exposure should be restricted, the next step is to
provide information useful in determining the degree of control which is warranted. There is sufficient
information available to be concerned about the health effects of exposure to sulfates, nitrates, and respirable
particulates. The essential questions, then, concern the extent to which restricting exposure may be needed. The
toxicology program will continue to evaluate specifically the relative toxicity of sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfates
and sulfites which cannot be determined in either clinical or population studies. This portion of the program will
17
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
also develop more sensitive and relevant health indicators and dose-response data for selected sulfur oxide
compounds.
Increased efforts in fiscal years 1978 and 1979 will provide for the expansion of controlled human exposure
studies on various sulfates. The objective of these studies will be to determine the level of short-term exposure at
which biochemical, physiological, and behavioral responses are observed in human subjects. Studies will start on
healthy subjects who will be exposed to H2SO4, followed by studies exposing healthy subjects to ammonium
bisulfate and ammonium sulfate. Studies will continue by exposing susceptible groups (i.e., asthmatics). These
data will clarify which bio-indicators of response are most appropriate for epidemiological studies and will
provide human dose-response data for specific compounds.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Multi-Route Exposures and Their Effects: Identification of the Health Effects of Non-
Pesticide Substances Commonly Reaching Man by Multiple Routes of Exposure — 601E
Extramural Funds: $70,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: In order to adequately protect human health by a variety of legal
mechanisms available to EPA, research is needed which permits evaluation of the significance of individual route
of exposure to observed effects. Such research is necessary in determining the most effective area of control for
pollutants which are assulting humans through more than one environmental medium or reaching and adversely
affecting vital metabolic processes through more than one human body system. The research, in order to solve
these regulatory-related questions must evaluate total exposure, total body burden, and their associated health
effects. This objective is directed toward discerning exposure and effect relationships to health from certain non-
pesticide environmental contaminants which typically reach man by multiple routes of exposure. Relationships
will be determined by assessing human body burden, performing studies of targeted populations, conducting
toxicity studies to examine specific endpoints of elected effects and conducting teratologic investigations.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Multi-Route Exposures and Their Effects: Identification of the Health Effects of Non-
Pesticide Substances Commonly Reaching Man by Multiple Routes of Exposure — 601E
Extramural Funds: $ 190,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Appropriate control strategies for pollutants reaching man through multi-
media exposure must be based on information relating concentrations of pollutants in the total environment to
specific biological endpoints. Research is needed to determine absorption, kinetics and toxicology of the various
pollutants. Epidemiologic studies of high exposure populations are conducted both to determine relationships
between exposure to environmental media and body burdens, and to identify and quantify resultant health
implications. Current studies involve children in areas of high traffic density and persons of all ages residing in the
vicinity of primary non-ferrous smelters. Studies of neuropsychologic performance in children with varying but
asymptomatic metal burdens are complimented by animal studies of behavioral effects and the effects of age at
exposure or absorption and retention of ingested heavy metals. Studies in laboratory animals, principally rodents
and non-human primates, obtain dose-response data for heavy metals and other non-pesticide substances which
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
have been identified by epidemiological and other means as potentially harmful to humans. Chronic low level
exposures and multigenerational studies are conducted to assess mutagenic, teratogenic, reproductive, enzymatic,
neurophysiological and behavioral effects of these substances as well as their absorption, distribution, retention
and excretion. Minimal in vitro investigations with cell cultures, microorganisms, mammalian ova, etc., evaluate
the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and co-carcinogenicity of specific substances as well as crude
environmental samples, and guide further laboratory and epidemiological study. Further investigation of
carcinogenic activity, however, will be supported under the appropriate accomplishment plan.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Air Exposures and Their Effects: Assessment of the Contribution of Environmental
Carcinogens to Cancer Incidence in the General Population — 601F
Extramural Funds: $1,143,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: A long-term research program is proposed to provide information essential
to the mission of the Agency to identify and control chemical agents in the air and water environment which may
cause adverse public health and welfare effects. Chemical agents have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal
studies, and in occupational cases, at concentration levels much higher than those found in the general population
environment. It has been postualted that a large fraction of human cancer may be caused by chemical agents in the
environment. If this is true, the human health benefit from identifying and controlling the responsible
environmental agents is obvious. The proposed program is designed to: (1) provide a profile of known or suspect
chemical carcinogens in the ambient air and drinking water, and (2) to assess the impact upon the frequency of
occurrence of cancer in the general population resulting from environmental exposure. This will be accomplished
through an integrated monitoring and health effects research program in areas where cancer rates are known to be
abnormally higher than the National average, and in areas where current exposure levels to chemical agents are
shown to be high. Accomplishment of the program will require a highly coordinated effort among a number of
Federal agencies, as well as State and Regional Agencies. Detailed planning will be accomplished by Interagency
Groups and formulated in Interagency Agreements. Categorical programs will be designed to cover areas of
research important to the mission of EPA but not currently included in the overall National effort.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
Air Exposure and Their Effects: Assessment of the Contribution of Environmental
Carcinogens to Cancer Incidence in the General Population — 601F
Extramural Funds: $ 160,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The basic objective of this effort is to provide EPA with a systematic
program which can provide an assessment of the contribution of environmental carcinogens to the incidence of
cancer in the general population. The thrust of this research activity is to assess the carcinogenic potential in
experimental animal models of environmental contaminants.
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Because of the low level of environmental contaminants and the consequent low levels of possible carcinogenic
responses, an approach must be utilized which will detect environmental carcinogens at an early stage of exposure
to human population. Such an approach requires a strong foundation in molecular biology including the
metabolism of the genome, in comparative metabolism, and in the development and application of predictive
toxicologic models. Models for the prediction of chemical carcinogenesis in man are relatively poorly defined.
Problems exist in the extrapolation from species to species as well as from high to low dose levels. Extensive
research should continue on validating various models from the point of view of comparative biochemistry,
physiology, anatomy, and pathology. Such endeavors must be integrated within a toxicologic framework in order
to ensure proper understanding and utilization of the information. Programs in this area should be aimed at not
only the identification of tumorous lesions but also at the understanding of dose-response phenomena, at the
functionality of hierarchical pathogenic lesions and at the understanding of the chemical/biological interactions
required to initiate and sustain such neoplastic lesions.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Preparation of Criteria Documents and Other Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports —
601G
Extramural Funds: $388,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this Accomplishment Plan is the preparation and ultimate
publication of: Air Quality Criteria Documents, revised Air Quality Criteria Documents, Scientific and Technical
Assessment Reports, and Assessment Documents. Criteria documents Other documentation provides partial
bases for decisions on pollutant control, method(s) of control and the level of control.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Water Quality Health Effects: Health Effects Associated With the Treatment and Disposal of
Wastewater and Sludge — 607A
Extramural Funds: $1,340,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: This program is designed to support the Agency's efforts in municipal
wastewater and sludge control. This research program will determine the health implications of existing
technology for treatment and disposal of wastewater and sludge, as well as foreseeing any health risks that may be
associated with innovative technology. The emphasis will be on the health effects associated with the application
of wastewater and sludge on agricultural land. In addition to determining the health effects associated with
passage of contaminants through the food chain and to the neighbors of treatment and disposal facilities, interim
criteria associated with the operations will be recommended. Current practice results in sixty percent of municipal
sludges being placed on land.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500) and Agency policy require that land application of
wastewater be considered as a viable alternative to municipal wastewater treatment plants. This emphasis on the
use of land places a responsibility on EPA to ensure that the methods used do not result in the creation of health
hazards.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
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HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Characterization and Testing of Water and Hazardous Substances — 607B
Extramural Funds: $1,260,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The purpose of this program is to develop rapid screening tests for
characterizing toxic pollutants. The program will be supportive of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL
92-500) and the development of protocols needed to implement the Toxic Substances Control Act (PL 94-469).
Specific objectives will be to: (1) Develop methods and approaches to identify and characterize classes of
pollutants; (2) Develop tests for the assessment of biological impact of substances in living organisms; and (3)
Apply these tests to complex effluents.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Water Quality Health Effects: Development of Criteria for Recreational and Shellfish-
Growing Waters — 607C
Extramural Funds: $360,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: It is a mandated goal of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL
92-500) that "wherever attainable, the interim goal of water quality which provides for the protection and
propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provides for recreation in and on the water be achieved by July
1983." In support of this National goal, this program will provide the health effects data and technology required
in setting guidelines on a plant by plant basis for the discharge of sewage effluents into the aquatic environment by:
(1) Developing health effects recreational water quality criteria for marine waters; (2) Developing health effects
water quality criteria for fresh waters; and (3) Developing health effects water quality criteria for shellfish-
growing areas.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Multi-Route Exposures and Their Effects: Determination of the Health Implication of
Substances Used as Pesticides — 615A
Extramural Funds: $964,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The pesticide health effects research program is designed to support the
Agency's activities with respect to meeting legally mandated responsibilities for pesticides which include
registration, label reviews, hazard classification, and tolerance setting. Thus, objectives of the pesticide research
are: (1) to investigate the potential health effects (hazards) of the major classes of pesticides now registered by
EPA and in common use, (2) to evaluate the human safety of the "new generation" pest control agents, such as
insect viruses, pathogenic bacteria, chemosterilants, attractants, hormones, etc., (3) to develop and validate new
toxicological methods which can be used for registering and reregistering pesticides, (4) to develop and apply
analytical methods for detecting these agents in environmental samples and human tissue, (5) to provide
technical assistance to the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) in scientific review of toxicologic information, (6)
to provide health effects data on compounds under review in the Substitute Chemical Program, and (7) to provide
research and information to OPP on specific compounds for the Rebuttable Presumption against Registration
(RPAR) Process.
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HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Output will be delivered in a form useful to: (1) assisting in the reregistration and RPAR process, (2)
formulating policies on registering new classes of pest control agents, (3) improving the protocols and guidelines
required in registering pesticides, (4) operating the Human Monitoring Program, and (5) providing health and
chemistry information for public hearings and to regional offices.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Multi-Route Exposures and Their Effects: Determination of the Health
Implications of Substances Used as Pesticides (Substitute Chemicals) — 615F
Extramural Funds: $959,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The Agriculture-Environment and Consumer Protection Appropriation
Act of 1974 (PL 93-135) gave the Agency a mandate to conduct a thorough review of the scientific and economic
implications of using alternate (substitute) chemicals that replaced cancelled compounds or compounds in
litigation to be cancelled including new and old registered pesticides. The review process as established under this
mandate provides for the development or scientific criteria for establsihing the hazard associated with the use of
each compound and finding suitable substitutes for those compounds found to be hazardous to human health.
Much of the data necessary to evaluate pesticide hazard are available in scientific literature; however, for many
compounds, new or old, data relating to carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, teratogenicity and other long-term
reproductive effects, mutagenicity, effects on immune responses, endocrine effects, toxicity following inhalation
exposure, and field worker reentry exposure hazards are generally lacking. Deficiencies in this data base are met
through toxicity studies conducted on selected alternate chemicals. An intergral part of these toxicity studies is
the development of improved analytical chemical methods for measurement of substitute pesticides, their
biotransformation products, and impurities in experimental animals, in the environment, and in man.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Assessment of the Health Effects of Exposure to Radiant Energy — 628A
Extramural Funds: $72,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The EPA has the responsibility to establsih guidelines for environmental
levels of non-ionizing radiation to which the public is exposed. Data from ongoing EPA research is beginning to
confirm existing international data of harmful effects of chronic, low level exposures. If substantiated, these
findings would suggest the current United States occupational guide to be too high for use as a departure point for
providing environmental guidance to protect public health. Effects are to be studied for acute and chronic
exposures to electromagnetic radiation using animal models. Power densities used should emphasize levels at or
below those equivalent to ten milliwatts per square centimeter in man. Continuous and pulsed radio frequency and
microwave frequencies as well as very low frequencies (e.g., high power transmission lines) are to be utilized.
Under these conditions research is to be directed toward the identification of (1) the potential biological effects of
exposure to microwave and radio frequencies characteristic of those to which human populations are exposed, and
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
(2) the mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological systems and the frequency
dependence and power densities of the interactions.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Multi-Route Exposures and Their Effects: Identification of Adverse Health Effects Due to
Exposure to Toxic Substances — 629A
Extramural Funds: $380,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objectives of the toxic substances health effects research are: (1) to
delineate the potential hazards to human health of environmental pollutants; (2) to develop methods by which
various classes of toxic substances can be rapidly screened for specific biological activity potentially hazardous to
human health; (3) to provide rapid, sensitive, and unambiguous biochemical parameters by which a quantitative
assessment of exposure level can be made on human populations; (4) to develop methods by utilizing fundamental
physical constants and molecular structure by which persistence and disposition of toxic substances as well as
biological activity can be predicted by utilizing and (5) to provide estimate of hazard to man by extrapolation of
animal model studies. The passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act makes it imperative that these objectives
be initiated. This program will have a major responsibility in providing health effects data to the Office of Toxic
Substances and is essential to provide information relative to man's exposure to environmental hazardous
substances from multiple areas of the environment. The National Academy of Sciences has stressed the
significance of evaluating the cumulative health impact of total body burden rather than the burden acquired from
one or another part of the environment or only a single toxic material. Sound scientific information will be
increasingly needed to provide a basis for taking regulatory actions before human or environmental exposure;
therefore, rearch outputs from this program are essential for the Office of Toxic Substances to meet their legally-
mandated regulatory responsibility.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Criteria Development and Special Studies — 630C
Extramural Funds: $730,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: In order to set and determine whether to set pollution control regulations,
EPA requires detailed assessments of available scientific and technical information on specific pollutants, the best
possible standards. EPA is also facing increasing demands for economic analysis of its regulatory programs and
actions, particularly for cost-benefit analysis by Congress, industry, the academic community, and the Office of
Management and Budget. This program provides the direction for that portion of the criteria development
program carried out by Headquarters and for all of the economic analysis.
Laboratory Assignment: Office of Health and Ecological Effects, Headquarters
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Ecological processes and effects research is directed toward determining the effects of air, water and
terrestrial pollutants on the structure and function of the ecosystems and on biotic and abiotic subcomponents of
these ecosystems. The research effort is planned and organized along specific problem area lines; work is directed
toward target media and conducted according to the character of the problem. Media are divided into freshwater,
marine and terrestrial components.
"Systems Characterization and Impact Assessment," a sub-division within each medium, broadly covers projects
which include field studies, theoretical or mathematical simulations, and the characterization of field and
laboratory model ecosystems for potential use in criteria development. In contrast, Ecological Criteria
Development deals mostly with carefully controlled laboratory greenhouse or field studies, the primary objective
of which is the establishment of legally defensible criteria.
Freshwater Ecological Processes and Effects — 608A
Extramural Funds: $2,088,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The research program on the ecological effects of pollutants in freshwater
ecosystems is primarily designed to aid the Agency in the development of water quality criteria, as required under
Section 304(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500), and to provide information for use in
developing legally defensible effluent standards, as required under Sections 307(a) and 316 ofthe PL 92-500. To
meet these objectives, research is being conducted in the following major areas: (1) Identification and evaluation of
the effects of non-pesticide organic and inorganic pollutants on the physiology, biochemistry, pathology and
behavior of freshwater organisms; (2) Development of screening and short-term tests and their application to the
analysis of the effects of complex municipal and industrial effluents on freshwater organisms; (3) Determination
and simulation of freshwater population, community and ecosystem responses to pollutant stress; and (4)
Determination of physical, chemical, and biological transformation and bioaccumulation of pollutants by
freshwater organisms and ecosystems. The freshwater effects program also includes research to fulfill Agency
requirements under Sections 208 and 314 of PL 92-500. This research includes the determination ofthe ecological
effects of non-point source (NPS) pollution and evaluation of the effectiveness of NPS management techniques;
and assessment of lake restoration techniques. Research is being conducted on the characterization of pollution
problems and the development of predictive methods for describing fate and effects of pollutants in the Great
Lakes. Information derived from this research effort is integrated with other Great Lakes research through the
International Joint Commission. Research will be conducted as required under Section 10 ofthe recently enacted
Toxic Substances Control Act (PL 94-469) The anticipated emphasis will be in the development of screening
methods for toxic substances.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Marine and Estuarine Ecological Processes and Effects — 608C
Extramural Funds: $620,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: A major objective of the ecological effects research program in marine and
estuarine ecosystems is to provide information needed by the Agency in responding to Sections 304(a), 307 and
311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500). These sections require the Administrator to
establish water quality criteria and develop legally defensible effluent standards for environmental pollutants. To
provide an adequate information base for these determinations, research is being conducted in the following areas:
(1) Development of methods to yield improved and nfore rapid measurements of organism and ecosystem-level
effects of pollution stress; (2) Development and improvement of methods for culturing, holding and rearing
experimental organisms and expansion of the set of response parameters used to assess effects of ecological stress;
(3) Determination of the effects of complex wastes on estuarine and marine organisms and ecosystems; (4)
Determination of the fate and ecological effects of oil and derived hydrocarbons in estuarine and marine
ecosystems, including arctic and subarctic ecosystems; (5) Determination of the effects of chlorine-substitute
disinfection processes on estuarine ecosystems; and (6) Assessment of the carcinogenicity of pollutants in the
marine environment.
To meet Agency requirements under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (PL
92-532) and Sections 403 and 404 of PL 92-500 ecological research is being conducted on the effects of the
dumping and discharge of pollutants into the ocean. Research is being conducted in the following major areas: (1)
Determination of the availability of trace metals in marine ecosystems; (2) Development and evaluation of
disposal site assessment methodologies; (3) Assessment of the recovery of marine ecosystems upon the relaxation
of stress; (4) Determination of the fate of ocean disposed wastes; (5) Determination of the ecological effects of
disposed dredge materials; (6) Determination of the effects of disposal methodologies developed as alternatives to
ocean disposal; and (7) Delineation of mixing zones in the marine environment.
Research is also being conducted on ecosystem characteristics and processes to improve the capability of the
Agency in predicting ecological impacts and making management and regulatory decisions. In response to needs
of Section 404 of PL 92-500 research is being conducted to define wetland boundaries. To provide information
necessary for assessing pollutant impacts in marine and estuarine environments, research is being conducted on
physical factors influencing pollutant transport and retention; and on the response of estuarine ecosystems to a
decrease in pollution stress.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
Criteria Development and Special Studies — 616A
Extramural Funds: $125,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: This program is designed to develop criteria documents and establish
appropriate review processes on specific pollutants in the environment. These documents represent the best up-to-
date compilation of scientific knowledge; they contain a thorough review of scientific literature and an assessment
of multimedia health and environmental effects of pollutants in order to provide continuing data base needs for
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
EPA in setting standards. Additionally, they fulfill specific requirements of the Office of Water Planning and
Standards (OWPS), and serve other offices of the Agency.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Ecological Effects of Substitute Pesticide Chemicals — 714B
Extramural Funds: $365,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: To develop and validate for use suitable laboratory and/or field methods
and techniques for assessing deleterious and/or beneficial ecological effects of designated candidate substitute
pesticide chemicals when they may be used or transported to any or all of the following ecosystems: terrestrial,
estuarine/marine, freshwater. Transport of either the substitute pesticide or its degradation components within
the environment, its bio-accumulation, synergism with other pesticides or pollutants, and other pertinent
ecological properties will be appropriately evaluated within the context of its likely designated use. The pesticide
chemicals for this program will be those designated by the Office of Pesticide Programs.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM AREA
TRANSPORT AND FATE OF POLLUTANTS SUBPROGRAM
The transport and fate research subprogram is directed toward the development of empirical and analytical
techniques that relate air pollution source emissions to ambient exposures. This requires research in the area of (a)
atmospheric processes and effects for the determination of air pollutant sources, sinks, transport and
transformation of airborne gaseous and particulate matter and the effects of air pollutants on visibility, rainfall,
and climate and (b) air pollutant characterization and measurement in support of the development of new and/or
improved technology to permit the characterization and quantification of pollutants from stationary or mobile
emission sources either at the source or in the ambient air. A corresponding research effort exists for the transport
and fate of pollutants entering the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Atmospheric Processes and Effects — 603A
Extramural Funds: $7,662,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Studies on the atmospheric processes and effects will be conducted to
qualitatively and quantitatively determine the sources and sinks, kinetics of formation and removal, and
chemical/physical interactions of airborne gaseous and particulate matter. This area of research covers: (1) The
development, evaluation, and validation of air quality simulation models for predicting and describing air quality
impacts anticipated from various control abatement strategies; (2) Determination of atmospheric chemical and
physical processes for describing the formation and decay of gaseous and particulate air pollutants; and (3)
Quantification of the atmospheric effects of weather, visibility, climate, and materials due to air pollutant and
thermal emissions.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Sources, Processes, and Systems — 609A
Extramural Funds: $1,011,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The overall objective of this Accomplishment Plan is to provide the
scientific understanding, methodologies, and associated data bases required to: (1) evaluate and predict the
transport, transformations and fate of trace organics and inorganic pollutants entering freshwater ecosystems; (2)
predict water quality impacts resulting from the discharge of point and non-point source pollution into fresh
surface waters; and (3) evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative basin-wide point and non-point source
pollution control strategies. This technology will be used in the development of water quality criteria for toxic
pollutants of test protocols and decision rationale for assessing the environmental exposure of toxic substances
and evaluating pesticides under consideration for registration, and in the identification of the necessary point and
non-point source control requirements under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500) section 208
and similar water quality management planning efforts, and determination of appropriate effluent limitations to
be imposed through the permit program in water quality limited stream segments.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
The Energy/Environment Program Area is fundamental to EPA's responsibility to protect the public health
and welfare from the adverse effects of pollutants discharged by or associated with energy systems. Such
protection must be accomplished through a multimedia approach so that the control of one form of pollution does
not result in an unacceptable impact occurring in another medium. Because of the potentially acute health and
ecological effects associated with the traditional, as well as the new technologies for fuel extraction, processing,
and conversion, the EPA has a major responsibility in this area to ensure that environmental quality and human
health are protected. Further, since many of the problems are long-term, e.g., many technologies will not be
available and in commercial use before early 1985, the EPA must have programs underway now to develop the
health and technical data base necessary to support future New Source Performance Standards and Ambient Air
Quality Standards. The Energy/Environment Program Area is organized into four subprograms: Extraction and
Processing Technology; Conservation, Utilization and Technology Assessment; Health and Ecological Effects;
and technical support.
EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY SUBPROGRAM
The Extraction and Processing Technology Subprogram includes the assessment of problems and
development of control techniques to mitigate the environmental impact of the extraction of energy resources.
Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels as well as advanced energy sources, such as uranium and geothermal energy, are
considered. The objectives of the extraction program cover a wide spectrum of activities including the
development of techniques to abate acid mine drainage, to the restoration of strip-mined land, the assessment of
the socio-economic impacts of mining a virgin area and the assessment of practices on off-shore oil rigs. Also
included is a program which provides environmental control technology applicable to, and environmental
assessments of, important fuel processing schemes, including low- and high-BTU gasification, liquification, coal
cleaning, shale oil processing, and fluidized bed combustion.
Energy Control Technology—Fuel Processing — 623A
Extramural Funds: $ 12,950,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The fuel processing program will promote and participate in the
development of advanced technologies for fuel processing by providing environmental technology development
and environmental assessment. Processes for physical/chemical coal cleaning are being developed with the
support of the Bureau of Mines and the fluidized bed program is being aided by Energy Research and
Development Agency - ARGONNE (ERDA-ARGONNE). Environmental support is being given to the
National fluidized bed combustion program. In the area of synthetic fuels; the program is identifying and
quantifying the discharges from processes under development and evaluating and developing control technology.
This program is being conducted in close cooperation with ERDA. The chemically active fluidized bed process for
residual oil cleaning is being demonstrated at a utility. Physical coal cleaning to meet sulfur standards is being
demonstrated at an electrical utility.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY SUBPROGRAM
Energy Control Technology—Fuel Processing — 623A
Extramural Funds: $1,552,300
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The fuel processing program will determine the environmental aspects
associated with the development of advanced technologies for the production of synthetic fuels from non-coal
sources including oil shale. The program will identify and quantify the discharges from processes under
development and evaluate existing control technology. As a result of this FY-78 initiative, improved pollution
control technology will begin to be developed. Characterization of the multi-media pollution problems associated
with syntheitc fuel production and utilization will be accomplished. This program is being coordinated closely
with the oil shale extraction and handling program and with the synthetic fuels (from coal) program.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Energy Resource Extraction and Handling—Solid Fuels — 623B
Extramural Funds: $2,627,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: As mandated under the Air, Water, and Solid Waste Acts, this program is
designed to develop and demonstrate new control technology for the non-point source pollution problems and
treatment of point source discharges associated with the extraction and handling of solid fuels. Work is
progressing to: (1) Assess the potential environmental damages (air, water, noise, etc., from active and abandoned
mining, transportation and benefication processes; (2) Develop methods to control, treat and abate environmental
pollutants from these operations; (3) Demonstrate and document the technical/operational feasibility and
cost/effectiveness of environmental control options; (4) Provide, on a timely basis environmental control criteria;
and (5) Prepare standardized user manuals which encompass all environmental pollution control aspects in a form
that meets the operational needs of regulatory and control agencies and the mining industry. Major emphasis will
be placed on active mining, especially on newly emerging extractive efforts, while continuing minimum efforts on
abandoned mines to keep abreast of the latest reclamation and restoration techniques.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Energy Resource Extraction and Handling—Oil and Gas Production — 623C
Extramural Funds: $1,667,200
Accomplishment Plan Summary: In accordance with the water and solid waste acts, the objectives of the oil
and gas production environmental research program are: (1) Assess the existing and potential adverse
environmental impacts (air, water, land) from active and planned oil and gas production, storage and
transportation facilities; (2) develop methods, technology and equipment to prevent, control and abate
environmental pollutants from these operations; (3) demonstrate and document the technical operational
feasibility and cost/effectiveness of environmental control options; (4) provide on a timely basis environmental
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY SUBPROGRAM
control guidelines; (5) provide standardized users manuals which encompass all environmental pollution control
aspects in a form that meets the operational needs of both regulatory/control agencies and industry.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Environmental Assessment Interface — 623D
Extramural Funds: $120,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The goal of the environmental assessment program is to determine, in the
case where a single system or process is being assessed, whether the system/process is environmentally acceptable
or whether further or more economical control of waste streams is necessary. If further control is considered
necessary, the assessment estimates how much control is needed and what waste stream components are especially
important to control. In cases where comparative assessments are being made of two or more systems or
processes, an additional goal may be to determine which one(s) are environmentally preferable.
The overall objective of this program is to provide the Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry
Environmental Assessment Program necessary consultation, data, and research information in the development,
use and interpretation of: (1) decision criteria, (2) impact factors, and (3) bioassays.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
CONSERVATION, UTILIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS SUBPROGRAM
The Conservation, Utilization and Technology Assessments Subprogram includes three distinct parts —
conservation, utilization (electrical energy production) and technology assessments.
The conservation portion of the Subprogram will provide environmental assessments and contribute to the
development of environmentally compatible advanced technologies. It also provides control technologies, waste
recovery, indoor air quality enhancement and second generation energy systems, e.g., solar and geothermal
energy.
The utilization portion of this subprogram includes the identification, characterization, assessment and
development, where appropriate, of control technology for pollutants associated with electric utility and
industrial combustion sources. A multi-media approach is planned with gaseous, liquid and solid wastes
considered. Both primary pollutants (effluents from uncontrolled combustion systems) and secondary residuals
(effluents from control technology) must be carefully considered. Emphasis is focused on generating information
which can be used to help set environmental standards and guidelines and develop economical control technology
so that such standards can be achieved.
The objective of the integrated assessment portion of this subprogram is the identification of
environmentally, socially and economically acceptable alternatives for meeting National energy supply objectives,
and assistance in the selection of optimum policies for the attainment of associated environmental quality goals.
Utility and Industrial Power - 624A
Extramural Funds: $ 18,220,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The overall objective of this activity is the identification, characterization,
assessment and development, where appropriate, of control technology for pollutants associated with electric
utility and industrial stationary combustion sources. It is important that a multi-media approach be taken with
gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes carefully investigated in terms of a balanced and comprehensive control plan.
Both primary pollutants (effluents from uncontrolled combustion systems) and secondary residuals (effluents
from controlled technology) will be carefully considered. Emphasis will be focused on (1) generating information
which will be useful in the preparation of environmental standards and guidelines, and (2) developing economical
control technology so that such standards can be achieved.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Flue Gas Cleaning Waste Disposal — 624A
Extramural Funds: $ 100,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Conduct specific projects as part of the EPA program to control waste and
water pollution from utility and industrial flue gas cleaning systems. The objectives of this activity are as follows:
(1) Determine the extent to which the migration of chemicals from flue gas cleaning wastes can be attenuated by
soils in land disposal sites and develop an empirical method to describe the migration potential;
(2) Determine the compatibility of various liner materials when exposed to flue gas cleaning wastes; (3) Determine
the leachability and durability of products from first generation flue gas cleaning waste treatment processes,
conduct a field evaluation of current flue gas cleaning waste disposal technology, and assess, screen, and
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
CONSERVATION, UTILIZATION ANT) TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS SUBPROGRAM
demonstrate (on a pilot scale) second generator fue s;as cleaning waste treatment processes; and (4) Establish the
data base for the future development of standards for the disposal of flue gas cleaning wastes and identify research
and development needs for standards development.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Wastes-As-Fuel — 624B
Extramural Funds: $925,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Activities in this program include technical, environmental, and economic
evaluations of waste disposal including wastes co-incineration; fuel and feedstock preparation; biological
conversion energy recovery technologies, including advanced processes; surveys of the organic and mixed waste
streams except industrial; development of pollutant assessment criteria, sampling and analysis techniques and the
performance of pollutant characterizations for processes; pollution controls development; and technical
assistance.
Assess, develop and evaluate equipment and systems for preparing fuels and feedstocks for energy recovery
via all conversion processes (in conjunction with materials recovery) and for converting wastes to fuels via
biological conversion processes. Analyses will determine the optimal composition of waste inputs, energy
balances, material balances, emissions and residuals, effectiveness of emission controls and residues handling
systems, needs for new types of pollutant control equipment, life-cycle costs, economic viability, theory, and other
aspects.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Environmental Aspects of Energy Conservation Methods and Advanced Energy Systems —
624B
Extramural Funds: $4,046,900
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this program is to develop information on the probable
environmental impacts of waste-as-fuel technologies, energy conservation activities, and advanced energy
systems. In addition, the purpose is to assure the development of environmentally compatible advanced
technologies and pollution control technologies for waste-as-fuel processes, for indoor air quality, energy
conservation, advanced energy conversion cycles, and advanced energy systems (solar and geothermal energy).
Techniques and technolgoies are under development by the Energy Research and Development Administration,
Federal Energy Administration, Housing and Urban Development, and other agencies in these latter areas, and
by the EPA in the waste-as-fuel area. Outputs will support EPA's regulatory responsibilities, by assuring the
environmental compatibility of techniques and technologies in each energy area. Outputs will also support EPA's
role on two interagency working groups—the Interagency Task Force on Energy Conservation in Buildings and
the Interagency Task Force on Energy Conservation in Industry.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
CONSERVATION, UTILIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS SUBPROGRAM
Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment — 624B
Extramural Funds: $110,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this effort is to assess the actual and potential
environmental impacts of existing and potential geothermal energy resource exploitation. Program emphasis is on
groundwater contamination. Coordination with the Energy Research and Development Administration is
essential. Studies should identify pollutants, pathways into the underground water environment, ecological
hazards associated with long term operating facilities and design a monitoring system applicable to any
geothermal resource development and conversion facility. Initial focus should be on Geysers, Imperial Valley and
Klamath Rio Grande Rift Zone and Roosevelt Hot Springs. Topics studied should include: produced fluids,
disposal methods, subsidence possibilities, seismic effects, thermal losses, groundwater pollution, fluids
radioactivity, non-condensates requiring monitoring and food chain uptake of geothermally associated pollutants.
Projects should be coordinated closely with the Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, and
data produced should support the development of effluent guidelines and other environmental regulations for
geothermal systems.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas
Energy-Integrated Assessment — 624C
Extramural Funds: $2,356,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The overall objective of this Accomplishment Plan is the identification of
environmentally, socially, and economically acceptable alternatives for meeting National energy supply objectives
and to assist in the selection of "optimum" policies for the attainment of associated environmental quality goals.
This objective will be met by: (1) Integrating the results of the environmental research program with the
remainder of the Energy Research Program; (2) Evaluating the cost/risk/benefit trade-offs of energy production
and pollution control alternatives; (3) Conducting technology assessments which evaluate alternative energy
technologies and approaches for implementing energy development, preventing environmental damage, and
securing related benefits; and (4) Identifying gaps in present research programs and indicating new priority
research topics which must be addressed in order to support direct Agency responsibilities.
Laboratory Assignment: Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry, Headquarters
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
The Health and Ecological Effects Subprogram encompasses a program to determine the environmental
effects associated with energy extraction, transmission, conversion and use so that measures can be taken in a
timely manner to protect human health and the ecosystem. Identification of the pollutants released by energy-
related industrial operations and determination of their impact on the human and natural environment will define
the mission control requirements for the polluting operations. Included are studies to characterize the risks, costs
and benefits to human health and welfare and environmental quality of development and utilization of energy
technology.
Effects of Energy Related Pollutants on Organisms and Ecosystems — 625A
Extramural Funds: $3,815,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Increased reliance on domestic energy sources is resulting in increased
exploration and production of offshore oil, and gas increased mining and combustion of coal; and the potential for
development of geothermal and oil shale industries. Nearly every phase of these fuel cycles may result in local or
regional environmental degradation. This activity is designed to provide the ecological information required in
making management and policy decisions concerning coal, oil, oil shale, geothermal development and facility
siting decisions. Specific areas of research include: (1) Determine the acute and chronic toxicological effects on
freshwater, and terrestrial organisms and resultant ecosystem impacts from single pollutants and combination of
pollutants released from energy extraction, conversion, transmission and use. (2) Study the dynamics of energy-
related pollutants in marine systems; thermal effects of energy utilization in combination with other pollutant
stress, and the impacts of pollutants from petroleum extraction, refineries and fossil fuel utilization. (3)Study the
ecological effects of halogen and biocide usage in power plant pass-through cooling water treatment, and of
offshore petroleum development in the Gulf of Mexico, dealing specifically with drilling muds. Studies directed
toward predicting the potential for accumulation and depuration of carginogens in seafood organisms are
underway and continuing analytical methods, carcinogen assay methods and cultivation of marine animals are
underway. (4) Development of a mathematical model for the prediction of plume behavior from mechanical draft
cooling levers, with major emphasis on the effects of wind and atmospheric stability conditions on the plume, is
ongoing. (5)Assessment of potential ecological changes in cold climate salt-marshes resulting from crude oil
contaminations. (6) Evaluation of current standards for petroleum discharges relative to impacts on effects on
planktonic, benthic and intertidal organisms on the West Coast is another phase of study in the next five-year
plan.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth
Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett
Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants in Ecosystems — 625B
Extramural Funds: $2,999,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Increased reliance on domestic energy sources is resulting in increased
extraction and combustion of coal, the development of advanced combustion technologies, and the potential for
development of geothermal, oil shale, and synthetic fuel industries. Nearly every phase of these fuel cycles may
result in the release of pollutants to the environment. As pollutants move through the environment, their physical,
chemical and biological interactions often result in their transformation to new compounds which may be either a
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
greater or lesser environmental threat than the parent compound. The purpose of this activitiy is to determine the
origins, loads, transport pathways, transfer rates, and fates for single pollutants and combinations of pollutants
released to the aquatic environment primarily from the coal, oil shale, and geothermal fuel cycles. Knowledge of
the environmental transport and transformation of pollutants is essential to relating ecological effects to their
cause, and for establishing monitoring and surveillance programs. This information is also basic to setting
standards for point source control, and for development of treatment methods and evaluation of their
effectiveness.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
Energy Related Pollutant and Effects Monitoring and Associated Methods and Techniques
Development — 625C
Extramural Funds: $1,706,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: This effort is aimed at developing the broad scale monitoring techniques
and specific monitoring methods for determining the significant levels and cause/effect relationships between
energy-related pollution and media quality on a regional basis. The overall objective of this effort is to provide
validated environmental quality baseline data in those geographical areas where the impact of new energy
development is or is projected to be of major magnitude on the environment. The output is to be a geographically
broad environmental overview which focuses on both the regional and local impact of major energy developments.
The purpose of this program is to provide an accurate scientifically valid reference point from which future
environmental degradation may be measured and upon which rational policy decisions may be made. These
decisions will concern both future environmental standards and the direction and magnitude of specific energy
development. This objective includes the development of new and advanced monitoring methods and techniques
needed to provide data and information of broad scope in support of the main purpose of the energy program.
While initial efforts are aimed at scoping the extent of regional air and water pollution due to energy
developments, outyear efforts will focus on the higher priority scientific problems such as the levels, dispersion
and eventual distribution of specific energy related pollutants from geographically specific sources and groups of
sources. These outyear efforts will benefit from the development of more sophisticated research monitoring
techniques in defining more accurately the precise nature of regional pollution.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
Energy Related Pollutant Measurement and Instrumentation Development — 625D
Extramural Funds: $705,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The purpose of this effort is to provide adequate, comprehensive
measurement methods and analytical techniques for known and anticipated pollutants injected into the
environment from expanding and emerging energy technologies. The objective of this program is the development
of methods and instrumentation for the measurement of energy-related pollutants and the performance of special
field studies and analyses related to characterizing the levels of certain pollutants injected into the environment by
new technologies and energy developments at specific geographical sites. Initially emphasis is on elemental and
inorganic pollutants from existing, expanding energy technologies for which adequate measurement methods do
not exist as well as ambient pollutant levels. Later emphasis will be on sampling, measurement and analysis of
organic and metallorganic compounds which give indication of being hazardous, with special attention to the
emerging fossil fuel technologies. Eventual products are comprehensive pollutant measurement methodologies for
air, water and solid waste pollutants on a technology by technology basis.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
Health Effects Research—Energy-Related Air, Water and Multi-Route Exposures — 625F
Extramural Funds: $2,860,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Attainment of the natural goal of energy independence in the time frame
desired will result in a modification in the magnitude and spectrum of chemical and physical agents which are
introduced into the biosphere by the various energy industries. Although some of the agents are known to be
deleterious to human health, the quantitative aspects of the toxicity of many of the agents have yet to be
determined either on an individual basis or in conjunction with other environmental agents, not all of which arise
solely from the energy industries.
The primary objectives of this program of research in the area of energy-related health effects are: (1) to
determine the qualitative and quantitative effects of energy-related agents on human health; (2) to assess risks
(health) to human populations associated with all aspects of energy production and utilization for the various
energy technologies; (3) to provide guidance for energy systems related control and abatement programs to the
extent that such programs are dependent upon health effects data, and (4) to provide that data base necessary for
the establishment of standards of exposure to energy-related hazardous agents on a schedule consistent with the
attainment of the national goal of self-sufficiency.
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SUBPROGRAM
The ultimate objective is to understand how the physical and chemical character of the total exposure of
various population groups (occupational, general, susceptible, etc.) is modified by the increase in energy
production and utilization and to improve the estimates (reduce uncertainty) of the adverse impacts upon human
health that may ensue as a consequence of implementing a particular energy policy. Of major concern are those
adverse effects which may result from long term low level exposures or that can manifest themselves only after a
long period of time. The emphasis to date has been on the identification of hazardous agents, development of more
rapid and sensitive biological screening methods and the evaluation of hazards to man through epidemiological
and clinical studies and animal toxicology studies. Studies of mechanisms of metabolism and fate of energy related
agents and mechanisms of damage and repair, both of which are required in order to more accurately estimate risk
to man by extrapolation of data from animal experiments, will receive greater emphasis in the following years.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Environmental Assessment Interface — 625G
Extramural Funds: $90,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The goal of this program is to determine, in the case where a single system
or process is being assessed, whether the system/ process is environmentally acceptable or whether further or
more economical control of waste streams is necessary. If further control is considered necessary, the assessment
estimates how much control is needed and what waste stream components are especially important to control. In
cases where comparative assessments are being made of two or more systems or processes, an additional goal may
be to determine which one(s) are environmentally preferable.
The overall objective of the program is to provide the Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry's
Environmental Assessment Program necessary consultation, data, and research information in the development,
use, and interpretation of: (1) decision criteria; (2) impact factors; and (3) bio-assays.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
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ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AREA
ENERGY TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUBPROGRAM
Technical Support is the assistance in all fields of environmental science that the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) provides to other components of the Agency and in many cases to elements outside of EPA.
ORD provides assistance for the immediate technical needs of the Agency whenever possible by drawing on the
expertise of its research personnel.
Technical Support—Energy — 626A
Extramural Funds: $1,959,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: There are three objectives of the Energy Technical Support program. First,
it provides both the ORD industrial research program and the entire 17-agency Interagency Energy/
Environment research and development program with the type of management information systems and support
necessary for effective operation. Second, it produces quick-response studies under extreme time constraints as
input into major program plan and policy activities. Third, it provides an extensive information transfer function
to assure that the technical information and expertise generated by both the industrial and energy programs are
available in usable form to industrial and energy decision makers and to the interested public.
Major decisions affecting the future course of the nation's energy development and industrial pollution
control efforts are now, and will continue to be, made by a wide variety of private, local, state and Federal
organizations. The technical support activity helps to assure that the technical expertise and information the
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry (OEMI) generates is relevant to these decision makers and is available to
them in a form which they can use. In addition, the activities sponsored by this program help to bring information
on the status of energy and industrial programs and policies to environmental researchers and research planners
both within OEMI and in outside organizations. Many of these major energy and industrial decisions will be
technology-based. Hence, a viable understanding of the various technologies, as they are developing, is necessary
for both the OEMI program manager and the outside decision maker.
Laboratory Assignment: Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry, Headquarters
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
A research program in the Industrial Processes Area is essential for the Agency to meet the requirements of
the Clean Air Act, Water Pollution Control Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Through
research in this area, systems are developed and made available to assist industries in achieving compliance with
these legislative requirements. Information is developed to assist in the detection, control and abatement of
pollution from industrial and extractive processes, and land use. Another part of the program is concerned with
identification and economic evaluation of alternate pollution control systems. This research program is comprised
of two subprograms—Minerals Processing and Manufacturing; and Renewable Resources.
MINERALS PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES SUBPROGRAM
The Minerals Processing and Manufacturing Industries Subprogram address point sources of pollution
arising from the industrial sector of the economy and is focused on those mining, manufacturing, service and trade
industries which are involved in the extraction, production and processing of materials into consumer products.
In addition, methods to rectify environmental insults resulting from the accidental spill of selected materials are
also included. It is the objective of this research activity to support the technology requirements of the Clean Air
and Water Pollution Control Acts through the development and demonstration of new or improved technology
having industry-wide applicability, short-term achievability and long-term viability.
Hazardous Material Incidents: (Air) 604A — (Water) 610A
Extramural Funds: $1,191,700
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Hazardous material spills such as pesticides, heavy metals and chlorine are
a recurring problem. Spills can severely impact public water supplies and other water uses through contamination
of surface and groundwaters. Further, spilled volatile and reactive materials can cause significant public health
and safety hazards. The objectives of this program are to develop, evaluate and demonstrate new or improved
equipment, devices and systems for the prevention, detection, identification, containment, control, removal,
cleanup, recovery and disposal of spills or acute releases of hazardous polluting substances. The development of
this hardware is to be carried out beyond the prototype stage to the point where it is ready for field implementation
by the commercial community. Techniques are to be defined for the redevelopment and restoration of ecosystems
that have been biologically damaged as a result of spills. To assess these damages, the ecological effects and
persistency of high concentration, short duration slugs (non-continuous discharges) of hazardous substances on
the environment are to be determined.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Materials Processing: (Air) 604B — (Water) 610B
Extramural Funds: $4,425,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The problem area is discrete point sources of air, water and residue
pollution arising from manufacturing and service industries primarily devoted to the processing of chemicals and
other raw materials into intermediate and final products (e.g., petrochemicals, agrichemicals, to include pesticides
and fertlizers, electroplating and fabricated metal products, textiles, inorganics chemicals, pulp and paper and
food products). Of special concern are toxic chemicals and hazardous pollutant control.
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
MINERALS PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES SUBPROGRAM
The objective of the program is to develop technology necessary to eliminate the discharge/emission of all
pollutants (primarily toxic pollutants) from materials processing industry point sources through the conduct of a
technology research program dedicated to a spectrum of research activities culminating in the demonstration or
assessment of engineering scale technologies. Deliverables are research and development findings which will be
immediately translated into public/private sector use through reports, seminars, and Agency standards.
All research and development activities must have industry-wide applicability, technical and economic
achievability for implementation, long-term viability, and must serve as a basis for establishing, improving or
implementing required standards. The research can be classified as Open Cycle, Closed Cycle, Toxics Control
Technology and Total Environmental Control. The decision as to which broad technology option has the highest
priority for ORD focus is unique to each point source category and must (a) result from an assessment of the state-
of-the-art control technology, (b) fit within the framework of the Agency's discharge/emission standards, and (c)
include an evaluation of implementation achievability and viability.
Laboratory Assignment: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Materials Production: (Air) 604C — (Water) 610C
Extramural Funds: $3,671,400
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Activities under this program address environmental problems related to
the iron and steel, non-ferrous, petroleum refining and general mining (other than fuel sources) industrial
segments. These include discrete point sources of air, water and residue pollution resulting from the extraction
and processing of raw materials into intermediate products for consumption by the materials processing
industries. Of special concern are toxic chemicals and hazardous residuals control. The objective of this program
is to develop technology necessary to eliminate the discharge/emission of all pollutants primarily toxic pollutants
from materials production industry point sources through the conduct of a technology research program
dedicated to a spectrum of research activities culminating in the demonstration or assessment of engineering scale
technologies. Deliveriables are research and development findings which will be immediately translated into
public/private sector use through reports, seminars, and Agency standards. All research and development
activities must have industry-wide applicability, technical and economic achievability for implementation, long-
term viability, and must serve as a basis for establishing, improving or implementing required standards. The
research can be classified as Open Cycle, Closed Cycle, Toxicant Control Technology and Total Environmental
Control Technology. The decision as to which broad technology option has the highest priority for ORD focus is
unique to each point source category and must result from an assessment of the anticipated health and
environmental impact, as well as state-of-the-art control technology.
Laboratory Assignment; Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
MINERALS PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES SUBPROGRAM
Areawide-Combined Industrial Point Sources — 610F
Extramural Funds: $ 110,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The area of concern includes all industrial point sources, such as
manufacturing, mining, electric and water service establishments, which seek to manage their pollution on an
areawide or combined basis with other point sources. The major objective is the development of the means
necessary to eliminate the discharge or emission of pollutants for the areawide or combined point source where
industrial sources are the predominate contributor. Outputs are to include integrated research, development, and
pilot demonstration activities culminating in full scale demonstrations or assessments of engineering scale
technologies. The results of the activities will be ma"de available for public and private sector use by means of
technical reports, seminars, design guidelines, and Agency discharge regulations and standards. The research
shall be classified as Open Cycle, Closed Cycle, and Total Environmental Control depending upon whether an
interim discharge of pollutants is characteristic and whether point source control of air and solid waste problems
are addressed. The research activities must have industry-wide applicability, technical and economic achievability
for implementation, long-term viability, and serve as a basis for establishing, improving, and/or implementing the
required discharge standards of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500). The water standards
sought, levels of control desired, and implied leadtime requirements for PL 92-500 are: (1) Best available control
technology economically achievable by January 1979; (2) Elimination of the discharge of pollutants by 1984; (3)
Elimination of multi-media pollution discharges—by 1984.
Laboratory Assignment: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
RENEWABLE RESOURCES SUBPROGRAM
The Renewable Resources Subprogram encompasses the development and evaluation of total management
systems, including Best Management Practices (BMP's) and pollution control predictive methodologies, to
control pollution from the production and harvesting of food and fiber, and from their related residual wastes. It
also includes the assessment of probable trends in the production of renewable resources to determine their
resulting environmental and socio-economic impacts, including crop production on both irrigated and
nonirrigated lands, forest management practices and animal production.
The Pesticides Renewable Resources Subprogram encompasses the development and demonstration of
integrated pest management strategies based upon sound biological, environmental and economic information.
Combinations of nonchemical and chemical controls will be optimized to reduce the usage and runoff of
agricultural chemical pesticides.
Irrigated Crop Production — 770A
Extramural Funds: $ 1,061,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The control of environmental degradation caused by irrigated crop
production is a multifaceted problem involving technical, legal, economic, and institutional considerations. The
objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate the fundamental technology needed for full scale pollution
control programs in irrigated areas. This technology includes: canal and lateral lining and other structural
controls for water delivery systems; methods to minimize water use; increased water use efficiency; control of
nutrient losses; salinity control; sediment control; reduced leaching losses; control of pesticide transport in
irrigated systems; and consideration of treatment systems. The evaluation of the legal, economic, and institutional
constraints to water management reform and technology changes is required. Development and confirmation of
mathematical techniques for simulating and predicting pollutant movement, based on physical chemical-
biological processes occurring in irrigated soil systems are required to assess the effects of on-farm water
management practices on the water quality of receiving streams. The mathematical models will be useful in
developing technically sound alternative pollution control management schemes for irrigated systems. The
outputs will be used by Federal, state and local planning and pollution control agencies for the assessment and
control of pollutants resulting from irrigated crop production activities.
Laboratory Assignment: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Non-Irrigated Crop Production — 770B
Extramural Funds: $804,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Emphasis in the non-irrigated crop production area is to be directed to: (1)
providing tools, including appropriate predictive methods and models, for State and local planner/decision
makers to determine the probable environmental loadings of the major agricultural pollutants, including
pesticides, sediment, and plant nutrients; (2) techniques for identification, evaluation, ranking and selection of
candidate best management practices (BMPs) that minimize agricultural pollution; and (3) developing, evaluating
and demonstrating implementation strategies for candidate BMPs. These tools are to be compiled in appropriate
format, e.g., as guidance material and user manuals for the environmental planner/decision maker, for
distribution as soon as possible after they have been prepared. Expertise of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and other agencies, where appropriate, is to be used in developing and evaluating the tools and they
should be encouraged to use and distribute the tools at the local levels.
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
RENEWABLE RESOURCES SUBPROGRAM
Also, we should collaborate with USDA on ;^;«.:L i---.!-•- -, -iere ^propriate, to take advantage of their
research on cropping practices and conservation methods so that EPA can better determine the optimal means to
achieve environmental quality goals.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
Forest Management — 770C
Extramural Funds: $315,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The focus in this area is on the assessment, development and evaluation of
management methods and planning tools that can be used to mitigate adverse environmental impacts of forest
management activities. Assessment methodologies include predictive modeling and decision protocols that relate
forest management practices to environmental quality, and non-point source control strategies to total forest and
watershed resource management, including, desirably, the socio-economic aspects. Pollution control management
methods include cost-effective structural (i.e., engineering technologies) and non-structural (e.g., land use
practices) approaches that are demonstrative of the "best management practices" needed to satisfy the 1983 water
quality goals. This information is needed by state and local planners/decision makers to carry out the areawide
waste management responsibilities under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500).
This program will continue developing guidelines and assessment tools for evaluating candidate forestry best
management practices. In the outyears the program will be oriented toward validating, and in conjunction with
the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), demonstrating the application of pollutant loading and watershed scale models.
Later emphasis will be on the transfer of technologies to land managers and planning agencies. Because of its dual
role as user and producer of research, the USFS will be relied on to conduct relevant research, including
evaluation and/or demonstration of candidate best management practices.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
Animal Production — 770D
Extramural Funds: $600,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Animal wastes originating from livestock and poultry production
operations continue to be a major environmental problem confronting the Agency. It is necessary to provide the
management methods and technology to handle manures in the most environmentally safe manner. Currently the
most economically feasible way of managing the wastes from the majority of animal production units is by means
of land application, i.e., using the manures as fertilizer for crop production. Application of agronomic rates may
not be feasible in areas with limited land availability where there are large concentrations of animals or where
restricted by climate or hydrologic conditions.
Therefore, a wide range of application techniques must be evaluated and guidelines suggested for all animal
production regions of the Nation. Continued animal production in areas where land application is not feasible
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
RENEWABLE RESOURCES SUBPROGRAM
may be dependent upon alternative reuse/recycle/treatment methods. These systems will be evaluated, their
residual waste streams characterized, and ultimate disposal schemes proposed. The majority of animals in the
Nation are produced under non-feedlot conditions and therefore represent a distinctive nonpoint pollution source.
Pollution potentials of these operations must be evaluated and control/management systems must be developed.
Laboratory Assignment: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Environmental Impact Assessment of Renewable Resource Production Trends — 770F
Extramural Funds: $235,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The Agency and ORD's overall goal is to determine and assess the
environmental implications and impacts of the efforts in this country to increase production of food and fiber
created by a growing world population and food crisis and evaluate alternate methods to minimize the
environmental impact of these efforts. In the near term increased production will probably be achieved using
current farming and forestry practices on existing and additional land areas, much of it marginal and sub-
marginal, through greater application of plant nutrients, pesticides and water. In future years unique and
innovated cultural practices are likely to emerge. The research objectives, then, are (1) to develop the capacity to
identify, assess and predict the short term and long range environmental implications and impacts of existing and
emerging techniques for increasing production of renewable resources at the local, regional and national levels,
and (2) to develop methods to identify and investigate alternate cost-effective technology, management and
institutional approaches, including socio-economic aspects, needed to minimize the environmental impacts
resulting from increased food and fiber production. The trend assessment methodology must incorporate the
impliactions of natural resources utilization and conservation, particularly energy sources, and be able to react to
national and international political decisions impacting the changes in food and fiber production. The information
generated will be used to permit timely and cost-effective response to environmental threats and identify
environmental policy issues for EPA.
Laboratory Assignment: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Integrated Pest Management — 77 IE
Extramural Funds: $1,200,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this program is to develop optimized pest control
strategies based upon detailed biological knowledge of the interactions between pests and crops which can be
demonstrated to be economically acceptable to the agricultural community. The research will identify optimal
combinations of non-chemical and chemical pest controls to reduce the environmental loading of undesirable
chemicals. The program provides for the development of applicable pest control strategies and tactics for major
pesticides using crop ecosystems which may permit marked reduction in dependence on use of pesticide chemcials
as a regular agricultural pest management practice.
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PROGRAM AREA
RENEWABLE RESOURCES SUBPROGRAM
The major near term control strategy development effort will continue through interagency agreements or
through regional grants let to a major grantee with several other subgrantees. After fiscal year 1978, program
emphasis will shift toward integrated plant/insect pest control. Urban pest integrated pest management strategies
research will be continued to meet the increasing Office of Pesticide Programs emphasis on the need. Research on
insect pathogen controls and insect growth regulators will be reduced from present levels. Utility of research
results by the user community will receive additional attention. The program will continue to be coordinated with
other agencies. Operation of the research will continue to be on an extramural basis. This effort will comply with
Section 20(a) and Section 4 (c) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (PL 92-516).
Laboratory Assignment: Office of Health and Ecological Effects, Headquarters
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
This area contains many subprograms that are fundamental to EPA's responsibilities. These subprograms
have been combined inio a single program area, Public Sector Activities, because they are inter-related and
therefore require similar personnel skills and equipment development. This research program focuses on pollution
problems resulting from community, residential or other non-industrial activities; health effects from
contaminated drinking water supplies; water treatment systems management; ground water management; and
land use management studies. This program has three components — Waste Management, Water Supply, and
Environmental Management.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Waste Management Subprogram provides technical information to support the Agency's operating
programs in construction grants, comprehensive planning and solid and hazardous waste management. It
includes research, development and demonstration in the areas of municipal and other non-industrial wastewater,
land surface runoff and municipal solid waste.
Urban Runoff Pollution Control — 611A
Extramural Funds: $ 1,241,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The immediate technical approach will continue to concentrate on
completing and reporting on ongoing projects as quickly as possible. Of particular note is taking advantage of the
opportunity to reevaluate some of the "historical" projects and impose current program direction on them
resulting in a more practical project output than would otherwise have been obtained. That is, some of these
projects have had a head start on the technology and can accordingly satisfy current program objectives in a more
timely and less costly manner than would otherwise be accomplished through new starts. Overall, the program
will concentrate on a more accurate assessment of the pollution impact of combined sewer overflows and
stormwater discharges. Along with this will be a more concerted effort toward development of non-structural
technology to enable the establishment of cost and performance standards and specifications relating to specific
best management practices.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Wastewater Treatment Technology Program — 61 IB
Extramural Funds: $4,375,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Goals of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500) require
conventional and innovative processes to meet municipal effluent limitations of increasing efficiency as the 1985
no discharge goal is approached. To ease the socio-economic burden of implementing these goals, existing
equipment must be upgraded, new cost effective technologies developed and energy and capital outlays reduced.
Where possible, nonstructural types of treatment enhancement will be evaluated. A major and increasing area of
concern is the environmental pollution by toxic metals and synthetic organic chemicals. One of the goals of this
program is to produce information on the source of toxic pollutants, on the treatability by conventional and/or
innovative technology and to provide cost analyses to enable the selection of the most cost-effective approach to
preventing their dispersion. The goal of research in the sludge processing area is to develop and demonstrate the
most cost effective technology for processing wastewater sludge in an ecologically satisfactory manner so that the
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
WASTE MANAGEMENT SUBPROGRAM
developed technology can impact design of plants being designed by 1980. The current energy situation makes it
imperative that fuel consumption in sludge disposal be reduced and technologies developed for utilizing sludge for
fuel and other beneficial purposes. The major goal of the reuse program is to verify and demonstrate the
practicability of reusing municipal wastewater. Emphasis at this time is on direct and indirect reuse for domestic
purposes. The goals to improve efficiency, reliability, cost effectiveness and to reduce energy sensitivity in
municipal wastewater treatment are supported by research to improve operations and maintenance practices, to
develop novel methods and materials for cost effective construction, to develop novel methods for energy
conservation, and to develop instrumentation and central strategies for automation of wastewater treatment
systems. Developments in these areas provide the cost-effectiveness and effluent quality assurance needed for
effective water pollution control. In accordance with Section 104(q)(l) of PL 92-500, the research activities in
small flows seek to conceive, study and demonstrate new and improved methods for abating pollution in rural
areas. The overall approach is subdivided into four categories, i.e., onsite systems, collection methods, septage
management, and rural treatment systems. The final result of these efforts will be practical handbooks or manuals
addressing the costs, performance, operation and maintenance requirement, design considerations and
environmental impact of alternative technologies studies.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Application of Wastewater to Land (Soil Treatment Systems) — 611C
Extramural Funds: $596,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The scope of this program includes the development and field evaluation of
new or improved control technology for the effective and economical treatment of municipal wastewater effluents
through the use of the soil as a treatment medium and the application of aquaculture techniques utilizing fish and
plant culture. Primary effort are to be directed to develop technologies for removal of nutrients, organic materials,
and microorganisms. The potential for beneficial uses such as crop irrigation, animal grazing, fish production, soil
conditioning, etc., and their compatibility with the basic treatment systems are to be evaluated. Definition of the
technological factors for design, construction and operation of land application and agriculture systems must be
produced. Treatment capability, health factors, groundwater protection, loading factors, potential for
instrumentation and automation must be defined. Development and evaluation of alternative cost-effective
processes with firmly established dependability must be considered as alternatives for a broad spectrum of plant
sizes, flow rates, feed characteristics, and climatic zones.
In this program the soil treatment area is considered divided into two technology subprogram areas: (1) Soil
treatment systems—effluent treatment, and (2) Aquaculture application to wastewater treatment. The ultimate
objective of this soil treatment program is the publication and wide distribution of useful planning and design
manuals with adequate operation and maintenance backup taking into consideration all of the interacting factors,
e.g., soils, groundwater, chemical/biological systems, climate, facility design, cropping, socio-political-economic-
legal, and health effects, as a total treatment system.
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
WASTE MANAGEMENT SUBPROGRAM
Periodically, interim planning and design manuals should be published. The timing will be a function of the
generation of new design data which will prove useful to the designer. As definitive specialized projects are
completed, e.g., phosphorus model, effect of climate on design, etc., these projects should be published for
distribution as technical reports. Concise design sections should then be melded into the planning and design
manual.
Laboratory Assignment: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Alaska Village Demonstration Projects — 61 ID
Extramural Funds: $222,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this program is to demonstrate methods to provide central
community facilities for safe water and elimination or control of pollution in those native villages of Alaska
lacking such facilities. The primary objective during fiscal year 1978 will be to complete the evaluation of the
project at Wainwright with a final report fully documenting the results to be completed by October 1978. This
report is to be prepared as a formal EPA Report to Congress.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis
Health Effects Interpretive Studies Associated With Land Application of Sludges — 61 IE
Extramural Funds: $200,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Conduct projects which will interpret the existing data base to provide
guidance to Agency policy makers in support of the Municipal Sludge Management Program.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Land Application Site Monitoring — 611F
Extramural Funds: $150,000
Accomplishemnt Plan Summary: Conduct an assessment of literature to provide interim guidance to
administrative (Federal, State and local) personnel on sludge-disposal-site-monitoring practices in accordance
with the requirements of the "Proposed Technical Bulletin: Municipal Sludge Management: Environmental
Factors," MCD-23.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
WASTE MANAGEMENT SUBPROGRAM
Technology Transfer Support of Municipal Sludge Management — 611G
Extramural Funds: $60,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: In support of research and development in municipal sludge management,
disseminate state-of-the-art reports of innovative technology in at least the areas of processing, stabilization, and
land spreading concentrating especially on those technological advances (foreign and domestic) that have not
been evaluated in the Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory program.
*
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Information Center, Cincinnati
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management — 618A
Extramural Funds: $6,705,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Develop, through studies, research and demonstrations, the technologies
necessary to achieve environmentally acceptable cost effective solid and hazardous waste management
(generation through disposal) in which conservation and recovery of resources are prime considerations. Included
in the objectives are: (1) development of new and improved methodology and/or equipment to identify and/or
eliminate effects from waste disposal due to the release into the environment of materials present in solid and
hazardous waste which would be adverse to the public health and welfare; (2) to evaluate, develop, and
demonstrate new or improved methods for the reduction, separation, processing and recovery of resources,
including energy; and (3) to establish a technical basis to support the Agency's efforts in developing guidelines and
regulations for solid and hazardous waste management and the implementation of these guidelines and
regulations by state and local governments and to the private sector.
The fiscal year 1978 program will focus efforts to: (1) improve methods for landfilling of solid waste, (2)
alternative methods of waste disposal; (3) remedial action for minimizing the environmental impact of land
disposal sites; (4) methods for processing or treating hazardous materials, and (5) recovery and reuse of waste
materials.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
WATER SUPPLY SUBPROGRAM
The Water Supply Subprogram includes research, development and demonstration activities relating to the
provision of a dependably safe supply of drinking water and to the health effects resulting directly or indirectly
from contaminants in drinking water. The research activities provide the technical information for the Agency's
Water Supply Program which is conducted under the Safe Drinking Water Act (PL 92-523). 92-523).
Water Supply—Water Treatment and Systems — 614A
Extramural Funds: $4,901,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The ultimate objective of this program is to develop new or improved
technology for the effective and economical control of drinking water contaminants during storage, treatment and
distribution. Program efforts will be directed toward evaluating technologies for limiting potentially toxic
contaminants and infectious agents so that the municipal sector will be able to achieve compliance with present
and future primary drinking water standards. Improved methods of operating water supply facilities will be
developed and evaluated, including development of indicator parameters for monitoring the efficacy of treatment.
Specific attention will be given to the need of small water systems for innovative treatment methods.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
Water Supply Health Effects Research — 614B
Extramural Funds: $4,475,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Determine the nature and concentrations of organic, inorganic, and
microbiological contaminants in water supplies. Evaluate through literature searches and short and long-term
toxicological and epidemiological studies, the health effects of drinking water contaminants. Derive concentration
limits necessary for the protection of the public health. Specific objectives will be to: (1) Develop the scientific
basis for establishing, evaluating, and revising drinking water standards for organics. The most important work is
on trihalomethanes, other disinfectant by-products, and concentrates from finished water. Other compounds are
low priority, and work on any other individual organic compounds should be limited; (2) Develop the scientific
bases for establishing, evaluating, and revising drinking water standards for inorganics; (3) Determine the
occurrence and effects of microbiological contaminants in water supplies. These studies should include surveys for
the occurrence of viruses and other pathogenic organisms, determinations of what diseases are or may be
transmitted by drinking water and conditions which allow this to occur. The emphasis should begin reorienting
from viruses toward other pathogens. Giardia is high priority; (4) Evaluate the potential health hazards associated
with water reuse for domestic purposes. Determine the organic, inorganic and microbiological contaminants
present in the effluent of an advanced waste treatment plant; and (5) Determine through toxicological and
epidemiological studies the health effects of asbestos fibers of the type found in water supplies.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
WATER SUPPLY SUBPROGRAM
Water Supply—Ground Water Management — 614C
Extramural Funds: $1,030,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: Although there is a need for a comprehensive national groundwater
research program, to carry out one effectively would require significantly more resources both within EPA and
elsewhere than are currently available or likely to be available in the near future. Therefore, this program should,
as soon as possible, shift away from attempting to carry out a comprehensive groundwater research program.
Rather, the program should concentrate on developing an overall groundwater strategy, which identifies the
research which is of most significance to the Agency and which can be carried out with current and anticipated
resources. At this time, we believe this means the program should direct its efforts towards providing a core of
knowledge and expertise on groundwater quality which can provide technical advice and assistance to Agency
programs through: (1) activities, including research, which assure a balanced staff capability which is continually
abreast of all significant advances and on-going research on groundwater quality, (2) maintenance of continual
assessment of current groundwater knowledge and technology, (3) dissemination of current technical information
on a timely basis to Agency operating staff and other appropriate users, (4) identification of gaps in groundwater
research and (4) selected short-term applied research studies to fill the gaps of most significance to the Agency.
Laboratory Assignment: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada
Water Supply Identification and Measurement — 614D
Extramural Funds: $770,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: This Accomplishment Plan is part of an integrated program to develop
techniques for identification and measurement of chemical constituents in water and soil.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
Water Supply—Identification and Measurement — 614E
Extramural Funds: $200,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The Safe Drinking Water Act (PL 93-523), part 141, requires validation
and standardization of measurement methodology to determine compliance with maximum contaminant levels.
In the area of water supply, chlorination for purposes of disinfection has been shown to be capable of producing
toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons during the treatment process. Thus other means of disinfection, i.e., ozonation,
have been suggested as alternate methods. Such techniques require the development and application of
instrumentation for the accurate measurement of these materials.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati
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PUBLIC SECTOR ACTIVITIES PROGRAM AREA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SUBPROGRAM
The Environmental Management Subprogram focuses on the development of improved procedures for
planning, implementing, enforcing, and assessing cost-effective environmental protection strategies for particular
problem areas (air, water, etc.)- One current objective is the development of a comprehensive planning procedure
to permit integration of all environmental programs in an efficient manner, utilizing land use management as the
basic integrating mechanism.
Environmental Management — 619A
Extramural Funds: $ 1,230,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this program is the development of a set of procedures and
methods that can be used by environmental planning and management organizations to determine least-cost
strategies and to evaluate their effects (physical, economic, administrative, social) when implemented. The intent
of this objective is to develop a capability to evaluate a wide range of technological options (including non-
structural methods) for environmental quality management, as well as consideration of alterntive incentives, both
positive and negative, for implementation. Emphasis is on comprehensive and integrated (intermedia)
management. The focus of the research program is on the region (metropolitan area, river basin, air shed,
economic region), the level at which most environmental strategies are applied. Since the research products are
intended primarily for decision-making by users in the field (state, regional, local agencies), many are in a
handbook format.
In fiscal year 1978 two major initiatives will be undertaken. As a logical extension of the Regional
Environmental Management Handbook and the Areawide Assessment Prcedures Manual, research will be
initiated to develop an Environmental Systems Analysis Program. A companion effort to determine the feasibility
of evaluating these previous environmental management program outputs among other methods, will be
undertaken in an Environmental Systems Analysis Region. The other new initiative will be a program, jointly
funded by the Council on Environmental Quality, to operationally develop new incentives (concentrating initially
on economic incentives) for environmental management.
Laboratory Assignment: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
This program includes both direct research activities and direct assistance and support to the rest of the
Agency. It focuses on the development of reference or standardized environmental measurement and monitoring
equipment, techniques and systems; quality assurance programs including validation of analytical procedures,
sampling techniques, and methods to improve the quality of environmental monitoring data; provision of
technical services to the Agency involving specialized expertise and facilities available in the Office of Research
and Development; and a technical information dissemination program. The components of this program are the
Measurement Techniques and Equipment Standardization, Characterization and Measurement Methods
Development, Quality Assurance, and Technical Support.
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT STANDARDIZATION SUBPROGRAM
Measurement Techniques and Equipment Standardization involves development, evaluation and
demonstration of field and laboratory measurement and monitoring methods and instrumentation. The objective
of the program is to develop, test and evaluate equipment and methods that are applicable to measuring pollutants
at the lowest environmentally significant ambient concentration as well as measuring the higher concentrations
that occur at pollutant sources. Highest priority is given to developing methods to measure those pollutants that
are presently regulated as well as those where regulations are anticipated. Over the long term, this program will
develop, test and evaluate comprehensive methods and techniques for measuring pollutants in air and water as
well as multi-media systems employing remote environmental monitoring techniques.
Monitoring Systems Development for Operation Applications — 620A
Extramural Funds: $317,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The basic objective of this effort is to develop cost-effective and efficient
monitoring systems and techniques which will provide the information required by EPA in meeting its regulatory
and enforcement roles under present and anticipated legislative mandates. This information will be obtained by
application of improved and rapid monitoring techniques and approaches which will permit accurate assessments
of the state of the environment so that timely decisions can be made regarding the presence and effects of regulated
and nonregulated pollutants in the environment including toxic substances, carcinogens, and trace metals.
Program emphasis will be on developing and demonstrating air and water quality measurement methodologies
and systems, remote sensing techniques and instrumentation, monitoring network optimization guidelines and a
system approach to environmental monitoring. Development of monitoring systems will include the design,
fabrication and evaluation of advanced air and water contact remote monitoring instrumentation for detecting
and quantifying environmental pollutants in these media. Emphasis will be on water quality monitoring
procedures and systems for determining the contribution of various nonpoint pollutant sources to surface waters
including agriculture, feedlots, silviculture and energy development related activities. The development of remote
sensing techniques and systems will include developing, adapting, and evaluating remote sensing instrumentation
for monitoring specific pollutants by their unique interaction with ambient or pulsed light.
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT STANDARDIZATION SUBPROGRAM
The development of optimization techniques and systematic approaches will permit clear identification and
quantitative definition of the relationships between pollutant sources, their environmental pathways, and
exposure to dose-response relationships of the critical receptor(s), i.e., population(s) at risk. These approaches
include adaptation and refinement of available and state-of-the-art monitoring instrumentation and technology
such as modeling concepts, biological methods, and the development of integrated (multimedia) monitoring
concepts.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
CHARACTERIZATION AND MEASUREMENT METHODS DEVELOPMENT SUBPROGRAM
This subprogram focuses on providing approaches and measurement instrumentation for all pollutants
(pesticides, toxic substances, industrial chemicals, petrochemicals, combustion products, etc.) in the air and in
groundwater and surface waters. This program includes basic physical and chemical parameters of pollutants and
the development and/or adaptation of instruments for detecting and quantifying pollutants.
Characterization and Measurement Methods Development — 712B
Extramural Funds: $3,306,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The air pollutant characterization and measurement effort is designed to
respond to the needs associated with the detailed description of the composition and level of air contaminants.
This level of detail is necessary to elucidate parameters such as: chemical and physical interference, environmental
constraints, and end-use requirements. The output of this program is new and/of improved methodology and
instrumentation technology which will be utilized for stationary source, mobile source, and ambient air
requirements that will support the development and maintenance of Agency air quality goals.
The outputs of this activity are requisite to the achievement of sub-objectives associated with the generation
of air contaminants, their transport, transformation, decay, and ultimatic sinks. This technology is basic for the
determination of atmospheric effects, atmospheric chemical and physical processes and the development and
evaluation of air quality simulation modeling.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
New and Improved Techniques for Identification and Measurement of Chemical Constituents
of Water and Soils — 713B
Extramural Funds: $50,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: This Accomplishment Plan responds to the major need for development of
techniques for identification and measurement of chemical constituents in water and soil. Techniques should
identify and measure chemicals representative of all classes of organic and inorganic substances, determining the
elemental species of inorganic substances as well as identifying the elements. Standardized methodology is not
developed; rather the fundamental techniques that ultimately go into standardized methods are evaluated for their
applicability to the analysis of water, soils and commercial chemicals. Practically all outputs from this research
will be used by Regional and State laboratories in compliance monitoring, enforcing regulations and investigating
pollution incidents; by researchers in studying health and ecological effects, developing treatment technology,
determining mechanisms of fate and transport and further developing the techniques for standardization; by
industrial laboratories in self-monitoring and in new-product analysis for trace impurities and by Headquarters
Offices who use the distribution of pollutants identified in setting priorities for regulation.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
CHARACTERIZATION AND MEASUREMENT METHODS DEVELOPMENT SUBPROGRAM
Methodology for Concentration, Recovery, and Associated Solids — 713C
Extramural Funds: $200,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this program is to develop procedures for the detection
and quantification of viruses in water and associated media. Rapid efficient field methods are sought for
recovering viruses in a concentrated form ready for shipment to a central laboratory for assay. Identification
procedures and more sensitive cell lines will also be sought. The methods and procedures developed should allow
studies in health effects and transport and fate and monitoring activities to be conducted rapidly and effectively.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
QUALITY ASSURANCE SUBPROGRAM
Quality Assurance serves all environmental monitoring requirements of the Agency. Regulations and
standards promulgated by the Agency require frequent and/or routine monitoring of ambient air, ambient water,
marine waters, waste water discharges, public water supplies, emissions from stationary and mobile air pollution
sources, lead and phosphorus in gasoline and special categories of toxic and hazardous materials. With few
exceptions, monitoring of pollutants in these categories require use of standardized measurement methodology, as
well as quality control procedures to assure the validity of the resulting data. This subprogram focuses on
standardizing methods, providing standard reference materials and samples, developing quality control guidelines
and manuals, conducting on-site evaluatio of analytical laboratories and inter-laboratory performance checks to
assure that legally defensible data is produced by EPA laboratories. Additionally, this work includes studies of
methods for laboratory accreditation, studies on automating laboratory instruments and data reduction and
participation in regional quality control activities.
Quality Assurance — 621A
Extramural Funds: $65,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of an air monitoring quality assurance research program is to
develop and deliver tools and services to the air pollution monitoring community which will assure that air
pollution monitoring data, both from the ambient air and from source emissions, are of known quality. Emphasis
in the program shall be given to: (1) The development, validation, and standardization of reference and equivalent
methods required for supporting regulatory standards, e.g., National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air
Quality Standards, Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources, and National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants and methods needed to obtain data to develop new standards under these regulations.
(2) The determination of the performance of agencies and programs collecting air monitoring data used in
determining compliance with the above standards, or data having the potential to be used in the regulatory
process. (3) Provision of technical assistance.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
Quality Assurance — 621A
Extramural Funds: $1,336,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of the water quality and water supply quality assurance
program is to develop and deliver to the customer programs those quality assurance tools and services which are
necessary for making measurements under conditions which document the validity of the data generated.
Documented validity of the data is of highest priority to customer programs in making reliable, unchallengeable
decisions.
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
QUALITY ASSURANCE SUBPROGRAM
Emphasis shall be given to develop and deliver those reference methods, reference materials, and quality
control procedures and guidelines which are required to support the Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Office of Water Supply, Office of Water Planning and Standards, Office of Pesticides Programs, and the Office of
Toxic Substances in developing or amending priority regulations such as the imminent regulations for toxic
substances included in the list of substances included in the list of 65 categories of pollutants in the 1976 toxic
water pollutant consent decree settlement agreement.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati
Development and Operation of a Total Quality Assurance Program for Pesticide Residue
Measurements — 621B
Extramural Funds: $95,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of this program is to provide a total quality assurance
program for pesticide residue measurements in biological materials such as blood, urine, adipose tissue, milk, soils
and other substrates as required for the implementation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (PL 92-56) and in human health effects studies related to toxic chemicals. It is of vital importance that all
EPA pesticide laboratories in any given network maintain a rigid analytical quality control program to guarantee
accurate and precise sample analyses. The reputation and testimony of laboratory personnel involved with
pesticide analyses may be evaluated on the strength of the quality assurance program. To maintain such a
program requires: (1) periodic interlab check samples; (2) provision of bulk samples of appropriate substrates
suitable for use in intra quality control programs; (3) distribution of standardized materials important to
successful analysis of pesticide residues; (4) provision of methodology which has been standardized through
collaborative studies; (5) provision of consultation and instrumental analytical backup for unusually difficult
problems; and (6) provision of training for laboratory personnel.
Laboratory Assignment: Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUBPROGRAM
Technical Support covers the scientific and technical services provided to the Agency and other
organizations to solve immediate environmental problems through the use of the expertise of ORD personnel and
specialized ORD facilities. Our effort in this area assures coordinated response to emergency or short term
requirements as well as provision, on a more routine basis, of services for which ORD has a unique or particularly
cost effective capability. Examples of these services include conducting trace element analyses of National Air
Sampling Network samples, analyses of the Fuels Surveillance Network samples, and the maintenance of a
capability to conduct aerial surveillance and monitoring as well as capability to assess point and non-point sources
of pollution from aerial photographs.
Also included in the Technical Support Subprogram is the Minority Institutions Research Support program
(MIRS). This activitiy stimulates minority institutions to develop the capability to conduct environmental
research. Minority institutions that have or can develop the capability to conduct effective environmental research
are actively sought, advised on preparation of grant applications and encouraged to submit them.
This subprogram was established in fiscal year 1976 and is responsible for managing and coordinating the
effective dissemination and transfer of the findings and products of the research and development program to a
variety of dependent users both within the Agency and throughout the public and private sectors. The program
involves the entire range of general scientific and technical information dissemination activities including such
normal activities as the publication and general distribution of scientific and technical reports and responding to
requests for specific information or publications. Primary emphasis, however, is placed on an aggressive program
of active information dissemination. This aspect of the program utilizes proven marketing techniques in matching
available information or technology with the expressed needs of particular user groups such as local community
decision officials who frequently do not possess technical or scientific backgrounds. Appropriate information
transfer products are then developed in a form designed to be most useful and readily understandable to the
targeted user.
Technical Support (Water Quality) — 613A
Technical Support (Interdisciplinary) — 622A
Extramural Funds: $608,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objective of the Water Quality and Interdisciplinary Technical
Support Programs is to provide support to Agency operating programs to enable them to fulfill the objectives of
the Agency's mandates. Technical support is defined as the application of knowledge in the current state-of-the-
art or knowledge derivable from it to solve, or to assist in solving, the immediate problems of the Agency.
Technical Support services typically fall into the following categories: (1) Responding to scheduled, unscheduled
and emergency requirements for field, analytical, and data analysis support to produce data of known quality
through specialized field and analytical studies, organizing this data into summaries and providing interpretive
reports; (2) Adapting and modifying basic state-of-the-art techniques to gather empirical evidence of
environmental levels of specified or suspected pollutants; (3) Performing complex chemical and physical analyses;
(4) Testifying as expert witnesses at administrative and judicial procedings; and (5) Consultations.
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUBPROGRAM
Although ORD is only one of many organizations providing technical support service to operating programs,
it is unique in that it has the broadest spectrum of technical expertise and scientific equipment readily available
within the Agency. Since ORD's technical support capability is basically derived from its research activities, it is a
management objective that the ORD personnel dedicated to technical support services and those engaged in
research activities work side-by-side in ORD laboratories to ensure awareness of the latest state-of-the-art
knowledge among all technical personnel.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati
Minority Institutions Research Support Program — 622B
Extramural Funds: $530,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The objectives of the Minority Institutions Research Support Program are:
(1) To identify existing and potential environmental research capability within minority institutions and assist
these institutions in utilizing this capability to participate in EPA research activities; (2) To help minority
institutions become more competitive with other institutions for research funds; (3) To award research grants or
contracts to minority institutions in a manner that will support the research objectives of the Agency; and (4) To
promote good working relationships between the Agency and participating institutions.
Laboratory Assignment: Office of Monitoring and Technical Support, Headquarters
Technical Information Program — 622C
Extramural Funds: $1,990,000
Accomplishment Plan Summary: The principal objective of the Environmental Research Information Center
(ERIC) is to implement a comprehensive national program for the effective dissemination and transfer of
environmentally related scientific/technical information and technology. The basic mission of the program is to
assure that all scientific and technical personnel have ready access to essential information and data required to
support the conduct of ORD programs and that the findings, conclusions and products which are developed as a
result of these programs are appropriately documented, packaged, disseminated and transferred in a timely
manner and in a form most useful to environmental decision officials and other important user groups both within
and external to the Agency. In discharging these responsibilities, the Center shall provide leadership, guidance,
coordination and technical expertise to ORD and other Agency components as well as direct implementation of
technical/scientific information dissemination and technology transfer activities.
In fiscal year 1978, the scope of the Technical Information Program will be expanded to encompass the
dissemination and transfer of an entire spectrum of ORD developed technology and technical information. Work
initiated during fiscal year 1977 in the areas of land treatment, municiapl waste treatment, industrial pollution
control technology, non-point sources, water supply, monitoring technology and energy R&D will be continued
on a priority basis. New effort will include the dissemination and transfer of ORD outputs in the areas of health
effects, ecological effects and toxic substances. Specific support services tobe provided by ERIC for ORD and
other Agency components will include but not be limited to: processing, publication and distribution of
technical/scientific publications, information booklets, newsletters, etc., graphic arts and technical editing
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MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM AREA
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUBPROGRAM
services; planning, implementation, coordination and maintenance of special information systems and data bases;
and response to both internal and external requests for technical information.
Laboratory Assignment: Environmental Research Information Center, Cincinnati
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PART III
Office of Research and Development's Grant and Contract Activities*/
While some of the research required by these Accomplishment Plans will be done in-house by ORD's staff,
much of the research is planned for accomplishment by grant, contract, or interagency agreement. The
Laboratory Director decides how the goals of the Accomplishment Plan can best be achieved. This project level
planning is documented in Work Plans. The Work Plans describe each project or task required to accomplish the
research objective, indicate how the task will be implemented (i.e., grant, contract, in-house), and estimate the
amount of dollars required to complete the task.
All planned contracting is carried out competitively with notices of the availability of Request for Proposal
(RFP) documents publicly advertised. Unsolicited contract proposals should not be submitted for such projects.
The review/selection procedures followed may vary slightly from project to project, but all pertinent information
regarding both the project objectives and criteria for evaluation of proposals will be included in each RFP
package. The Laboratory Director should not be contacted for information on contracts that have been advertised
since such communication may conflict with Federal Procurement Regulations and could serve to disqualify a
prospective contractor from further consideration.
With regard to all grant projects, contact with the cognizant Laboratory Director is encouraged. The
Laboratory Director will generally be the individual responsible for making the award/reject recommendation on
individual proposals.
VNote: Information on other EPA grant programs is presented in the publication "Grant Assistance Programs of
the Environmental Protection Agency", available from EPA's Grants Administration Division, Washington, DC
20460. Information on contracting procedures and policies is presented in the booklet, "Contracting with EPA —
A Guide for Prospective Contractors", available from EPA's Contracts Management Division, Washington, DC
20460.
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Guidelines For Submission Of Grant
Applications Or Contract Proposals
A. Solicited contract proposals -
Requests for Proposals (RFP's) for all planned contracts will be advertised in the Commerce Business Daily
issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce. A subscription to this publication may be obtained from the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. These advertisements
will provide instructions for obtaining RFP packages from EPA's Contracts Management Division. Each
RFP package will include detailed information describing the form and context of proposals to be submitted
as well as the required time and place of submission.
EPA's Contracts Management Division publishes "Contracting With EPA - A Guide for Prospective
Contractors" to assist the business community in its efforts to find new markets in the Environmental
Protection Agency. This publication includes the names and addresses of contracting offices in EPA and the
Office of Research and Development laboratories, the types of products and services procured, general
information about the Agency, and hints to aid businessmen in selling to EPA.
B. Unsolicited contract proposals -
While most of ORD's contract research and demonstration is conducted through the use of RFP's to solicit
proposals (item A above), contracts can also be awarded on the basis of unsolicited proposals which meet the
sole-source requirements of the Federal Procurement Regulations. Unsolicited contract proposals should be
addressed to the Grants Administration Division (PM-216), Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC 20460. While no specific format is required, such proposals should generally contain:
1. Name, address and telephone number of the organization or individual submitting the proposal.
2. Date of preparation or submission.
3. Type of organization (profit, non-profit, educational, individual, other).
4. Concise title.
5. Project objective.
6. Need, utility and significance of project.
7. Scope of work, i.e., an outline and discussion of the purpose of proposed effort of activity, the method
of attacking the problem, and nature and extent of anticipated results.
8. Experimental data developed by feasibility studies previously completed.
9. Estimated duration of the project, proposed starting and completion dates.
10. Scientific or technical references.
11. Names of key personnel to be involved, brief biographical information, including principal publications
and relevant experience.
12. Equipment, facilities and personnel requirements.
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13. Proposed budget, including separate cost estimates for salaries and wages, equipment, expendable
supplies, services, travel, subcontracts, other direct costs and overhead.
EPA's Appropriation Act specifically provides that cost sharing must be included in contracts resulting from
proposals for projects not specifically solicited. The extent of the cost sharing by the recipient will be decided
after the proposal has been reviewed and determined to be of mutual interest to the grantee or contractor and
the government.
The material submitted should contain both a technical and a business proposal. The technical proposal
should clearly define the unique concept involved (as required for sole-source procurements) and include a
plan for turning the concept into reality. It is suggested that the technical proposal identify any proprietary
aspects of the proposed ideas or process. The business proposal should include a detailed cost proposal,
information concerning past Government contracts, and any special terms and conditions desired.
C. Research or demonstration grant applications -
Pre-application activity —
Although grant applications may be submitted at any time and on any subject, potential grantees should take
the following actions prior to submission of a formal grant application in order to save time and effort both
for the applicant and EPA.
1. Review OR&D's current research program, as described in Part II, to determine if funds are available
in the specific area of interest; and
2. Contact the appropriate research and development personnel cited in this document to ascertain if a
grant project is planned prior to submission of an official grant application.
Submission of a preproposal is also strongly encouraged. The preproposal should be sent directly to the
cognizant Laboratory Director listed in Part II of this document for review. A preproposal should normally
consist of a three or four-page narrative outlining the project concept and containing the following
information:
1. Objective - a clear statement of the specific objective is necessary. If the objective is designed to fulfill a
specific project (as identified in Step 1 above), the project should be identified. If the objective cannot be
associated with any specific project, some statement of the presumed value to EPA of attaining the
research objective should be made.
2. Project Plan - a brief description of the research/development/demonstration concept and the plan
for execution of the proposed project, including a projected time-schedule for accomplishments of
intermediate outputs or key occurrences indicating progress (milestones) and the final objective.
3. Budget - a preliminary estimate of total costs which will be incurred in order to complete the project.
Also, the share of the costs which will be provided by the applicant should be indicated.
4. Staff and Facilities - a brief listing of key project staff and capabilities and a brief description of any
special facilities or other factors which would contribute to the success of the project. A single person
who will have responsibility for planning, coordinating, and supervising the project should be identified
along with the fraction of his time to be devoted to the project.
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Following review and evaluation of the preproposal by the cognizant Laboratory Director, the prospective
applicant will be advised whether (a) an application should be submitted for formal review, (b) submission of
a modified preproposal is suggested, (c) possible submission of the preproposal to another Agency,
Department, or source of funds is suggested, or (d) further pursuit of the particular topic is discouraged.
Formal applications —
All formal grant applications are to be submitted to the Grants Administration Division, Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. After formal "logging in" and acknowledgement, those
applications falling within the Office of Research and Development's purview are referred to the appropriate
ORD program office for program relevance review by the cognizant Laboratory Director. This review
quickly screens out those applications for which EPA has no authority or interest or those for which no funds
are available. For those proposals in which ORD has an interest, scientific/technical merit reviews are then
conducted by both in-house and extramural experts. Extramural reviews are obtained in the National Science
Foundation fashion — individual written reviews submitted by mail. Comments are also obtained from the
Regional Office in the Region where the applicant is located and where the project would be conducted to
determine the relationship of the proposed project to Regional programs and policies.
The individual coordinating the scientific/technical merit review (normally the cognizant Laboratory
Director) assembles and evaluates both intramural and extramural review comments and prepares a
recommendation for action on each application. The recommendation may be to award a grant, to reject the
application, or to attempt to negotiate with the applicant to modify the scope of work. In those cases where
the proposed scope of work could be modified in order to relate more directly to EPA's objectives and
thereby qualify for funding, direct contact is made with the applicant to determine whether or not acceptable
adjustments in the scope of work can be made.
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APPENDIX A
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM-BUDGET STRUCTURE AND CODES
Program
Code
Component Title
AIR
1AA
1AA601
1AA602
1AA603
1AA751
1AB
1AB604
IAD
1AD605
1AD712
1AD606
1BA
1BA607
1BA608
1BA609
IBB
1BB610
1BB770
1BC
1BC611
1BD
1BD612
1BD713
1BD613
ICC
1CC614
IDC
1DC618
Health and Ecological Effects
Health Effects
Ecological Processes and Effects
Transport and Fate of Pollutants
Stratospheric Modification
Industrial Processes
Minerals Processing and Manufacturing Industries
Monitoring and Technical Support
Measurement Techniques and Equipment Standardization
Characterization and Measurement Methods Development
Technical Support
WATER QUALITY
Health and Ecological Effects
Health Effects
Ecological Processes and Effects
Transport and Fate of Pollutants
Industrial Processes
Minerals Processing and Manufacturing Industries
Renewable Resources
Public Sector Activities
Waste Management
Monitoring and Technical Support
Measurement Techniques and Equipment Standardization
Characterization and Measurement Methods Development
Technical Support
WATER SUPPLY
Public Sector Activities
Water Supply
SOLID WASTE
Public Sector Activities
Waste Management
66
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Program
Code
Component Title
1EA
1EA615
1EA714
1EB
1EB771
1FA
1FA628
1HA
1HA630
1HA616
1HC
1HC619
1HD
1HD620
1HD621
1HD622
1LA
1LA629
1LA715
1LA760
1LB
1LB764
1LD
1LD761
1LD762
1LD763
PESTICIDES
Health and Ecological Effects
Health Effects
Ecological Processes and Effects
Industrial Processes
Renewable Resources
RADIATION
Health and Ecological Effects
Health Effects
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Health and Ecological Effects
Health Effects
Ecological Processes and Effects
Public Sector Activities
Environmental Management
Monitoring and Technical Support
Measurement Techniques and Equipment Standardization
Quality Assurance
Technical Support
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Health and Ecological Effects
Health Effects
Ecological Processes and Effects
Transport and Fate of Pollutants
Industrial Processes
Minerals Processing and Manufacturing Industries
Monitoring and Technical Support
Measurement Techniques and Equipment Standardization
Characterization and Measurement Methods Development
Technical Support
ENERGY
1NE
1NE623
1NE624
1NE625
1NE626
Energy
Extraction and Processing Technology
Conservation and Utilization Technology Assessment
Health and Ecological Effects
Technical Support
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APPENDIX B
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
DOUGLAS COSTUE
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
BARBARA BLUM
ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
FOR PLANNING
AND MANAGEMENT
WILLIAM DRAYTON
OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATION
EDWARD RHODES
OFFICE OF
PLANNING AND
EVALUATION
ROY GAMSE
OFFICE OF
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
MATTHEWPILZYS
IActln«l
OFFICE OF
AUDIT
MALCOLM STRINGER
ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
FOR
ENFORCEMENT
MARVIN OURNING (Dl
REGIONAL
OFFICE OF
INTERNATIONAL
ACTIVITIES
ALICE B. POPKIN
OFFICE OF
LEGISLATION
CHARLES WARREN
OFFICE OF
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
JOAN M. NICHOLSON
OFFICE OF
REGIONAL AND
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
OPERATIONS
J. EDWARD ROUSH
ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
FOR WATER AND
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
THOMAS C.JORLING
OFFICE OF
WATER PLANNING
AND STANDARDS
ALBERT ERICKSON
(Acting)
OFFICE OF
PESTICIDE
PROGRAMS
OFFICE OF
WATER PROGRAMS
OPERATIONS
JOHN RHETT
OFFICE OF
WATER SUPPLY
VICTOR KIMM
OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE
JOHN P. LEHMAN
(Acting!
OFFICES
ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
FOR AIR AND
WASTE MANAGEMENT
DAVID HAWKINS (D)
OFFICE OF
AIR QUALITY
PLANNING AND
STANDARDS
WALTER BARBER
OFFICE OF
MOBILE SOURCE
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
ERIC STORK
OFFICE OF
NOISE ABATEMENT
AND CONTROL
CHARLES ELKINS
OFFICE OF
RADIATION
PROGRAMS
WILLIAM ROWE
ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
FOR RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT
STEPHEN GAGE
(Acting)
-
OFF
MONITO
TECHNIC/
ALBERT 1
OFF
ENERGY
AND 1
STEPH
OFF
AIR, Lt
WAT
THOMA
OFF
HEAL
ECOLOGIC
DELBERT BARTH
ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES
STEVEN JELLINEK (01
REGION 1
BOSTON
WILLIAM R.ADAMS
REGION II
NEW YORK
ECKARDTC. BECK
REGION Ml
PHILADELPHIA
JACK J. SCHRAMM
REGION IV
ATLANTA
JOHN C. WHITE
REGION V
CHICAGO
GEORGE
ALEXANDER
REGION VI
DALLAS
ADLENE HARRISON
REGION VII
KANSAS CITY
CATHLEEN Q. CAM IN
REGION VIII
DENVER
ALAN MERSON
REGION IX
SAN FRANCISCO
PAUL DeFALCO
REGION X
SEATTLE
DONALD OuBOIS
D - DESIGNATED BUT NOT YET CONFIRMED
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APPENDIX C
EPA OFFICIALS AND REGIONAL CONTACTS
Administrator
Douglas Costle
Environmental Protection Agency
A - 100
Washington, DC 20460
Telephone*
(202) 755-2700
States Served
Deputy Administrator
Barbara Blum
Environmental Protection Agency
A - 100
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 755-2711
Office of Regional and Intergovernmental Operations
J. Edward Rousch
Environmental Protection Agency (202) 755-0444
A - 101
Washington, DC 20460
Region I
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2203
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Regional Administrator
William R. Adams, Jr.
Deputy Regional Administrator
Kenneth Johnson
Public Affairs Director
Paul G. Keough
R&D Contact
Richard Keppler
(617) 223-7210
(617) 223-7210
(617) 223-4704
(617) 223-3477
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
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Telephone*
States Served
Region II
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 1009
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10007
Regional Administrator
Eckardt C. Beck
Deputy Regional Administrator
Eric B. Cutwater
Public Affairs Director
James Marshall
R&D Contact
Robert W. Mason
(212) 264-2525
(212) 264-0396
(212) 264-2515
(212) 340-6782
Delaware
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Region III
Environmental Protection Agency
Curtis Building
6th & Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Regional Administrator
Jack J. Schrann
Deputy Regional Administrator
Alvin R. Morris
Congressional and Public Affairs Director
Diane Margenau
R&D Contact
Albert Montague
(215) 597-9814
(215) 597-9814
(215) 597-9370
(215) 597-9856
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Virginia
70
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Telephone*
States Served
Region IV
Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30308
Regional Administrator
John C. White
Deputy Regional Administrator
John A. Little
Public Affairs Director
Charles D. Pou
R&D Contact
Edmond Lomasney
(404) 881^727 CML
257-4727 FTS
(404) 881-4727 CML
257-4727 FTS
(404) 881-3004 CML
257-3004 FTS
(404) 881-5458 CML
257-3012 FTS
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
South Carolina
Tennessee
Region V
Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Regional Administrator
George R. Alexander, Jr.
Deputy Regional Administrator
Valdas V. Adamkus
Public Affairs Director
Frank M. Corrado
R&D Contact
Clifford Risley, Jr.
(312) 353-2000
(312) 353-2000
(312) 353-2072
(312) 353-2200
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
71
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Telephone*
States Served
Region VI
Environmental Protection Agency
1201 Elm Street
First International Building
Dallas, Texas 75270
Regional Administrator
Adlene Harrison
Deputy Regional Administrator
(Vacant)
Public Affairs Director
Betty Williamson
R&D Contact
Mildred Smith
(214) 749-1962
(214) 749-1151
(214) 749-3971
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
Region VII
Environmental Protection Agency
1735 Baltimore Avenue
Kansas City, Missouri 64108
Regional Administrator
Kathleen Camin
(816) 374-5493 CML
758-5493 FTS
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Deputy Regional Administrator
Charles V Wright
Public Affairs Director
Rowena Michaels
(816) 374-5493 CML
758-5493 FTS
(816) 374-5894 CML
758-5894 FTS
R&D Contact
Aleck Alexander
(816) 374-2921 CML
758-2921 FTS
Region VIII
Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 900
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Regional Administrator
Alan Merson
Deputy Regional Administrator
Roger L. Williams
(303) 837-3895 CML
327-3895 FTS
(303) 837-3895 CML
327-3895 FTS
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
72
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Telephone*
States Served
Public Affairs Director
Howard W. Kayner
R&D Contact
John E. Hardaway
(303) 837-4904 CML
327-4904 FTS
(303) 837-3849 CML
327-5914 FTS
Region IX
Environmental Protection Agency
100 California Street
San Francisco, California 94111
Regional Administrator
Paul DeFalco, Jr.
Deputy Regional Administrator
(Vacant)
Chief, Office of External Relations
David L. Calkins
R&D Contact
William Bishop
(415) 556-2320
(415) 556-2320
(415) 556-6266
(415) 556-6925
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Region X
Environmental Protection Agency
1200 6th Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
Regional Administrator
Donald P. DuBois
Deputy Regional Administrator
L. Edwin Coate
Office of Public Awarness
Donald Bliss
R&D Contact
Robert Courson
(206) 442-1220 CML
399-1220 FTS
(206) 442-1220 CML
399-1220 FTS
(206) 442-1203 CML
399-1203 FTS
(206) 442-1296 CML
399-1296 FTS
Alaska
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
*Telephone numbers are both commercial and FTS unless otherwise indicated.
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APPENDIX D
MAILING LIST FORM
Complete this form and return it to the address listed below if you wish your name added to the FY-79
Program Guide mailing list.
Individual Contact and Title
Name of Organization
Street Address
City State Zip
Complete the above information and mail to:
Office of Financial and Administrative Services (RD-674)
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/9-77-035
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Office of Research and Development
Program Guide
7. AUTHOR(S)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Financial and Administrative Services (R
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as above
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSI ON- NO.
5. REPORT DATE
October 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
D-674) 1RW103
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIQD COVERED
Fiscal Year 1978
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
16. ABSTRACT
The Program Guide provides the public with information on the Office of Research
and Development's current extramural research program and serves as a guide
to Office of Research and Development's key personnel. This publication will be
updated each fiscal year.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b.lDENTIFI
Guides (instructions) , Organization Research
charts, Grants, Contracts, Financial and eco]
management, Research management Energy 5
processe
Monitors
support
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURI
Uncl
Release to Public 20.sEcum
Uncl
ERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
i programs, Health
.ogical effects, 5A
)rogram, Indus tria]
;s, Public sector,
.ng and technical
TY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
assified yg
TY CLASS (Thispage) 22. PRICE
assified
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977— 757-140 / 6 58 7
77
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