EPA-R3-73-011a
FEBRUARY 1973
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH SERIES
Effects of Chemical Variations
in Aquatic Environments
Vol. I
Biota and Chemistry of Piceance Creek
s
55
\
S3S2
HI
CD
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping
was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related
fields. The five series are:
1, Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL
RESEARCH series. This series describes research
on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and
animal species, and materials. Problems are
assessed for their long- and short-term
influences. Investigations include formation,
transport, and pathway studies to determine the
fate of pollutants and their effects. This work
provides the technical basis for setting standards
to minimize undesirable changes in living
organisms in the aquatic, terrestrial and
atmospheric environments.
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EPA-R3-73-011a
February 1973
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL VARIATIONS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS:
Volume I
Biota and Chemistry of Piceance Creek
By
W. Harry Everhart
Bruce E. May
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
Project 18050 DYC
Project Officer
J. Howard McCormick
National Water Quality Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, Minnesota 55804
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, B.C. 20460
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, B.C. 20402
Price $2.10 domestic postpaid or $1.75 GPO Bookstore
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection
Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommenda-
tion for use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
Sampling a small stream in the rich oil shale country of northwestern
Colorado cpnjirmed disjt^tlct seasonal trends and habitat preference in
invertebrate populations. Discharge was a major influence on inverte-
brates and chemical composition^^ the stream. Seasonal variations,
biomass, and species composition of invertebrates appear characteristic
of oil shale area streams.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Grant Number WP-01398-01,
under (partial) sponsorship of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
iii
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CONTENTS
Section Page
I Conclusions 1
II Recommendations 3
III Introduction 5
IV Methods 7
V Results 13
VI Acknowledgments 1+1
VII References 1+3
VIII Appendices 1+
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FIGURES
1. Biota and chemistry of Piceance Creek
1. Map of oil shale location in Colorado. °
2. Map of Piceance Creek, White River, and Yellow Creek. 9
3. Monthly records of water temperatures in Piceance Creek lU
from September, 1968, to December, 1969.
4. Discharge records for Piceance Creek from August, 1968, 15
to September, 1969.
5. Monthly records of dissolved oxygen and water temper- 18
ature in Piceance Creek from September, 1968, to
December, 1969.
6. Filtrable solids and discharge records from Piceance 19
Creek.
7. Total solids and discharge records from Piceance Creek 20
from January, 1969, to December, 1969.
8. Magnesium concentration and discharge records in 21
Piceance Creek from September, 1968, to December, 1969.
9. Sulphate concentration record in Piceance Creek from 23
September, 1968, to December, 1969.
10. Mean numbers of macrobenthos in Piceance Creek from 2^
December, 1968, to December, 1969.
11. Monthly mean record for Diptera in Piceance Creek from 29
December, 1968, to December, 1969.
12. Monthly mean record of Simuliidae in Piceance Creek 30
from Stations I and II.
13. Monthly mean record of Chironomidae in Piceance Creek 31
from Stations I and II.
14. Monthly mean record of Baetidae in Piceance Creek from 33
Stations I and II.
15. Monthly mean record of Hydropsychidae in Piceance 3U
Creek from Stations I and II.
VI
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TABLES
1. Biota and chemistry of Piceance Creek Page
1. Specific conductance (y mho cm at 25 C) from various 16
locations of Piceance Creek for three different years.
2. Number of aquatic invertebrates by major groups from 25
each stream station for a year period (December, 1968,
to December, 1969).
3. Mean number, volume, and weight of macrobenthos collected 27
from stations on Piceance Creek, Rio Blanco County,
Colorado (December, 1968, to June, 1969).
4. Mean number, volume, and weight of macrobenthos collected 28
from stations on Piceance Creek, Rio Blanco County,
Colorado (July, 1969, to December, 1969).
5. Spatial distribution of Diptera and Ephemeroptera in 36
Piceance Creek, from December, 1968, to December, 1969,
on basis of total organisms collected.
6. Spatial distribution of. Trichoptera, Plesiopora, Coleop- 37
tera, and Odonata in Piceance Creek, from December, 1968,
to December, 1969, on basis of total organisms collected.
7. Spatial distribution of Amphiopoda, Pulmonata, Hirudinea, 38
Pelecypoda, and Hydracarina in Piceance Creek, from
December, 1968, to December, 1969, on basis of total
organisms collected.
8. Weight (mg) of aquatic invertebrates by major groups from 39
each station (December, 1968, to December, 1969).
9. Physical data collected at station I on Piceance Creek from h-6
September, 1968, to December, 1969.
10. Physical data collected at station III on Piceance Creek from 147
September 1968 to December, 1969.
11. Physical data collected at station IV on Piceance Creek 1±Q
from September, 1968 to December, 1969.
12. Physical data collected at station V on Piceance Creek 1+9
from September, 1968 to December, 1969.
13. Chemical data from station I on Piceance Creek from 51
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
14. Chemical data from station I on Piceance Creek from 52
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
vii
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Page
15. Chemical data from station III on Piceance Creek from 53
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
16. Chemical data from station III on Piceance Creek from 54
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
17. Chemical data from station IV on Piceance Creek from 55
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
18. Chemical data from station IV on Piceance Creek from %
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
19. Chemical data from Station V on Piceance Creek from 57
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
20. Chemical data from station V on Piceance Creek from 58
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
21. Weekly sampling data from all stations June 10, 1969, to 59
June 23, 1969.
22. Weekly sampling data from all stations July 10, 1969, to 60
July 31, 1969.
23. Weekly sampling data from all stations August 7, 1969, 6l
to August 29, 1969.
24. Macrobenthic data from station,,! on Piceance Creek, 62
December, 1968. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m ).
25. Macrobenthic data from stations II, IV, and V on ~ 63
Piceance Creek, December, 1968. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
26. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 6k
January, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
27. Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek, 65
January, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
28. Macrobenthic data from station IV and-V on Piceance Creek, 66
January, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
29. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 67
February, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
30. Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek, 68
February, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
31. Macrobenthic data from stations IV and?V on Piceance Creek, 69
February, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m )-
32. Macrobenthic data from station I on?Piceance Creek, 70
March, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
viii
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Page
33. Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek, 71
March, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
34. Macrobenthic data from station IV on Piceance Creek, 72
March, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
35. Macrobenthic data from station V onJPiceance Creek, 73
March, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
36. Macrobenthic data from stations I and II on Piceance Creek, 7*1
April, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
37. Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance Creek, 75
April, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
38. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 76
May, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
39. Macrobenthic data from stations II and IV on Piceance 77
Creek, May, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
40. Macrobenthic data from station V on Piceance Creek, 78
May, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
41. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 79
June, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
42. Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek, 80
June, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
43. Macrobenthic data from stations IV_and V on Piceance Creek, 8l
June, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
44. Macrobenthic data from stations I and II on Piceance Creek, 82
July, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
45. Macrobenthic data from stations IV-and V on Piceance Creek, 83
July, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
46. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 8^
August, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
47. Macrobenthic data from station II on^Piceance Creek, 85
August, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
48. Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance Creek, 86
August, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
49. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 87
September, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
50. Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance creek, 88
September, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
IX
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51. Macrobenthic data from stations-IV and V on Piceance Creek, °9
September, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
52. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 90
October, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19m ).
53. Macrobenthic data from station II on P,iceance Creek, 91
October, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19m ).
54. Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance .CreeK, 92
October, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19m ).
55. Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek, 93
November, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19m ).
i
56. Macrobenthic data from station_II on Piceance Creek, 9^
November, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19m ).
57. Macrobenthic data from stations IV and_V on Piceance Creek, 95
November, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19m ).
58. Macrobenthic data from station-I on Piceance Creek, 96
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
59. Macrobenthic data from station-II on Piceance Creek, 97
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
60. Macrobenthic data from station9V on Piceance Creek, 98
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
61. Macrobenthic data from station?V on Piceance Creek, 99
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36m ).
62. List of fish sampled from Piceance Creek. 100
63. Physical data collected at station VI on White River from 101
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
64. Physical data collected at station VII on White River from 102
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
65. Physical data collected from station VIII on White River from 103
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
66. Chemical data from station VI on White River from September, 105
1968 to December, 1969.
67. Chemical data from station VI on White River from September, 106
1968 to December, 1969.
68. Chemical data from station VII on White River from September, 107
1968 to December, 1969.
x
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Page
69. Chemical data from station VII on White River from 108
September, 1968, to December, 1969.
70. Chemical data from station VIII on White River from 109
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
71. Chemical data from.station VIII on White River from 110
September, 1968, to December, 1969.
72. Aquatic invertebrates recorded from White River. Ill
73. List of fish sampled from White River (study area). 112
74. Physical data collection at station IX on Yellow Creek 113
from September, 1968 to December, 1969.
75. Chemical data from station IX on Yellow Creek from 11U
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
76. Chemical data from station IX on Yellow Creek from 115
September, 1968 to December, 1969.
77. Aquatic invertebrates recorded from Yellow Creek. 117
XI
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. Biota and chemistry of Piceance Creek
1. High discharge diluted filtrable solids and chemical parameters,
and low discharge concentrated these parameters as with calcium,
magnesium, sulphate, and chloride concentrations.
2. Silica values were high and variable with no apparent systematic
seasonal variation.
3. Seasonal variations in abundance of insects were probably depend-
ent on food abundance, water temperature, stream discharge, and
seasonal emergence patterns. Aquatic communities in Piceance
Creek were influenced more by stream discharge than any other
factor as discharge determines the type of substrate. Maximum
numbers were maintained between June and August with a secondary
population peak during winter months. Minimum numbers occurred
between April and May and September and October - Unstable fine
gravel substrate was a limiting factor for aquatic invertebrates
at the lower stations.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
The Piceance oil shale country is very fragile and extremely susceptible
to any habitat alteration. Further development of this country will \
have to consider discharge and the chemical composition of the water. \
Piceance basin streams drain~into the White River and then into the \
Colorado River where valuable natural and industrial resources are repre4
sented. Any further increase in the salinity of the White River or the |
Colorado cannot be tolerated. , !
/ -J
i,' !'!<• h--fl '
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
The Piceance Creek study was undertaken to obtain information about
physical, chemical, and biological parameters of a small stream in
northwestern Colorado. Oil shale, abundant in this area, will likely
be mined and processed in the future. Pollution from this exploitation
could alter aquatic habitats in the Piceance basin, in the White River,
and in the Colorado River.
.Alteration pf existing interactions between organisms and their en-
vironment^nay be the most realistic way to evaluate pollution conditions
created by oil shale exploitation.
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IV METHODS
Study area
Piceance basin is located in the center of Colorado's oil shale deposits
and covers 3,496.5 km . The basin has four major drainages: White
River, Piceance Creek, Yellow Creek, and Douglas Creek (Figure 1). Geo-
morphologically, the Green River formation in Piceance basin is composed
of light gray to light brown shale and marlstone with some sandstone and
limestone (CWCB and USGS, 1966). Ground cover consists of browse plants,
Juniper, Douglas fir, and grasses.
Piceance Creek arises from springs located along the basin at an altitude
of 2,050 meters and flows through the center of the basin to the White
River.. Piceance Creek is 80 km long with a discharge of 0.014 to
2.8 m /sec. During summer and fall months the upper fourth is usually dry.
Extremes in width, depth, and discharge occur after heavy rainfalls and
snow melt because of the geologic formation and sparce vegetation. Piceance
Creek is a major source of water for agriculture in the area, and ponds
located along the stream serve as irrigation storage and provide a limited
fishery. The upper 4.8 km of permanent water is cold (0 to 11 C) and
generally clear, while the remaining portion has higher temperatures and
more turbidity.
Five permanent stations were established on Piceance Creek. (Figure 2).
Selection of these stations was based on substrate type and possible var-
iations caused by springs and other water sources.
Station I (NE^ NE^, Sec-18-T35-R95W, 6 PM) was located 120 m from a spring
origin of permanent water. Substrate consisted of gravel with occasional
large rocks (15-18 cm). There was an ooze or mud type bottom in some parts
of the sampling area. Water depth ranged from 8.7 to 26 cm with no deep
pools. Discharge was nearly uniform throughout the year. Water at this
station remained cool and generally clear throughout the sampling period.
Samples were taken at Station I to evaluate the physical and chemical
environment and the macrobenthic community.
Station II, (NE% SE%, Sec-ll-T35-R95W, 6 PM) 2.8 km below Station I, was
similar in substrate composition to Station I. There were more large
rocks (15-18 cm) and deeper pools. Depth ranged (in sampling area) from
8 cm (riffle area) to 60.8 cm (large pool). Discharge was increased
slightly because of several springs entering into Piceance Creek. Water
at Station II remained cool and generally clear. Only samples to evaluate
the macrobenthic community were taken at this station.
Station III (NE% SW%, Sec-26-T25-R97W, 6 PM) was located approximately mid-
way between the upper limits of Piceance Creek and its confluence with
White River. Three intermittent tributary streams enter above this
station adding to discharge and sediment load. Only water samples were
taken to evaluate the physical and chemical environment of this station.
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CD
COLORADO
WHITE RIVER
YELLOW
CREEK
RANGELYl DOUGLAS
CREEK
PICEANCE CREEK
Figure 1. Map of oil shale location in Colorado
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WHITE RIVER
'DENVER
COLORADO
PICEANCE CREEK
Figure 2. Map of Piceance Creek, White River, and Yellow Creek
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Station IV, (SW^ NVfo, Sec-33-TlS-R97W, 6 PM) approximately 8 km below
Station III, was considerably different in substrate composition than
Stations I and II. One tributary and the three intermittent streams
enter Piceance Creek above this station. Bottom composition was com-
prised mostly of fine gravel (shale) with a few large rocks (15-18 cm).
Depth was from 23 to 60.8 cm in large, long pools. There was very little
riffle area at this station. Water samples were taken to evaluate phys-
ical and chemical environment and bottom samples to evaluate the macro-
benthic community at this station.
Station V, (NE% NE%, Sec-ll-TlN-R97W, 6 PM), 1 km above confluence of
Piceance Creek with the White River, was similar to Station IV. At this
station the stream had just emerged from a narrow canyon characterized
by many meanders and increased gradient. Substrate consisted of fine
gravel (shale) which was very unstable. Depth and width varied season-
ally because of the unstable bottom. Samples were taken to evaluate the
physical and chemical environment and macrobenthic community.
White River, largest river in the oil shale area, contributes substan-
tial discharge to the Colorado River system. White River supports a cold-
water fishery in the head waters and a warmwater fishery in the oil shale
area. The river is a source of water for agriculture and fishery and non-
fishery recreation. The White River study area, 25 km long, was located
above and below the confluence with Piceance Creek.
Three stations were located on White River. Station VI, (SW% SE^, Sec-36-
T2N-R97W, 6 PM), was just above the confluence of Piceance Creek and White
River, Station VII, (SW^ NE^, Sec-12-T2N-R98W, 6 PM) , 10 km below, and
Station VIII, (NE^ SE%, Sec-32-T3N-R99W, 6 PM), 25 km below Station VI.
Yellow Creek, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, is a small stream, but discharge
fluctuates greatly. Sediment and chemical components are carried into
the White River during high flows. Low discharge limits Yellow Creek for
agricultural and recreational uses.
One station was located on Yellow Creek near the bridge on Colorado High-
way 64, (NE% SVh, Sec-4-T2N-R98W, 6 PM).
Methods
Sampling Procedure
Physical factors, water samples for chemical analysis and biological
samples were collected monthly. Water samples were collected for physical
and chemical determinations at the stations indicated in Figure 2. Sampl-
ing was hindered by ice conditions in winter and by high discharge in
spring and suimuer. More intensive sampling was conducted during summer,
1969. Some physical and chemical parameters were monitored weekly and bio-
logical sampling was intensified.
10
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Physical Parameters
Physical characteristics have a great influence on species and abundance
of organisms capable of surviving in a given environment. Monitoring
these parameters provides information about the particular aquatic en-
vironment.
Important physical parameters of a stream are water temperature, dis-
charge, and conductivity. Temperature readings were taken with a centi-
grade pocket-type thermometer. Air and water temperatures were taken
monthly. Discharge records were supplied by the United States Geological
Survey. Specific conductance was determined, with a Beckman Model RC-16B2
conductivity bridge and reported asymho cm at 25 C.
Chemical Parameters
All chemical analyses were carried out according to standard method APHA
(1965) unless otherwise stated.
Dissolved oxygen was determined by the Alsterberg modification of the
Winkler Method. Alkalinity was determined by the indicator method titrat-
ing with 0.02N H-SO, to a pH 4.5 endpoint. Hydrogen ion concentration was
determined with a Beckman Electromate glass electrode pH meter. Filtrable
solids include all materials, liquid or solid, in solution or otherwise,
which pass through a 0.45 y filter and are not volatilized during drying
(APHA, 1965). Filtrable solids and total solids were determined by evap-
oration at 103-105 C with filtration (using No. 40 Whatman filter paper)
when sediments were visible. Nonfiltrable solids were calculated as the
difference between filtrable and total solids. Settleable matter was
estimated by volume using an Imhoff cone.
Cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium) and trace elements
(cadmium, copper, chromium, iron, lead,manganese, molybedenum, nickel,
silver, and zinc) were determined by a Perkin-Elmer 303 atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. All samples were preserved by adding hydrochloric acid
to 1% of sample volume (FWPCA, 1969).
Anions (chloride, nitrate, silica, and sulfate) were determined by standard
quantitative techniques. Chlorides were determined by the mercuric nitrate
method. Nitrate was determined by the phenoldisulfonic acid method (APHA,
1965; Rainwater and Thatcher, 1968). Silica was determined by gravimetric
method with ignition of residue; hydrochloric acid was added to prevent
coprecipitation of other ions (APHA, 1965; Rainwater and Thatcher, 1968).
Biological Parameters
Bottom samples were collected from September, 1968 until December, 1969
with a regular sampling design from December, 1968 to December, 1969.
Stream bottom samples were collected with a standard square-foot bottom
sampler (Surber, 1936) with 1 mm mesh. One sample was taken from Stations
I, II, IV, and V, established on Piceance Creek, near the middle of each
11
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2
month. Fifty samples, consisting of one-hundred eighty 0.09m subsamples,
were taken from Piceance Creek (December, 1968 to December, 1969). One
sample (0.36 m ) was taken from Stations I, II, IV, and V except during
the months of October and November (1969) when a sample consisted of
0.19 m . Subsamples were combined to reduce sampling variability. All
organisms were stored in 70% alcohol.
Most organisms were identified to genus with the use of Pennak (1953) and
Usinger (1967). Identifications were confirmed by Dr. T. 0. Thatcher,
Entomology Department, Colorado State University. tt "" ————
Abundance of each kind of organism was determined to establish relative
abundance trends, habitat preference, and linear distribution within
Piceance Creek. Volumes and (wet) weights were taken to estimate biomass
(standing crop).
Fish populations were sampled when conditions permitted with extensive
sampling on Piceance Creek during summer (1969). Portable back-pack
electrofishing gear was used to capture fish.
Macrobenthos and fish populations were sampled on White River and Yellow
Creek when conditions permitted. Qualitative aquatic invertebrates were
collected, in White River and Yellow Creek, with a screen (1 m long,
0.7 m high) constructed from wire screen attached to two poles (1 m long).
Samples were taken from approximately 2 m above the screen by overturning
the bottom substrate causing organisms to drift into the screen.
12
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V RESULTS
Physical parameters
Water temperature readings on Piceance Creek are given in Figure 3.
Differences between stations in a single month depended on the day and
time of day at which readings were taken. Temperatures for White River
and Yellow Creek were similar to Piceance Creek, ranging from 0 to 23 C.
Yellow Creek reached a maximum of 31 C in August (1969) and had a low of
0 C during winter (1968-1969).
Discharge of Piceance Creek is shown in Figure 4. Mean discharge for
White River (near study area) ranged from 6*2 m /sec (February, 1969) to
42.5 m /sec (May, 1969). Yellow Creek discharge rates have not been mon-
tored since 1965.
Specific conductance was measured in the laboratory after adjusting the
water to 25 C (Tables 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 63, 64, 65, and 74).
Variations in specific conductance were similar to those found in 1965
by the United States Geological Survey (Table 1). Specific conductance
in Yellow Creek ranged from 3,000 to 4,000 u mho cm at 25 C. White
River specific conductance was more nearly constant (500-800 y mho cm-1
at 25C) with values increasing with distance down stream.
13
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A ,M J J A
S N
0 N D
Figure 3. Monthly records of water temperatures (one
reading per month) in Piceance Creek from September, 1968
to December, 1969. Roman numerals correspond to sampling sites. Fig. 2
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0.3 _
ASONDJFMAMJJA
Figure 4. Mean discharge records for Piceance Creek from
August, 1968 to September, 1969.
15
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_1
TABLE 1.—Specific conductance (y mho cm at 25 C) from various
locations of Piceance Creek for three different years.
Station
I
II
III
IV
Sample Date
6 Oct. 19651 2 Nov. 1968
986
1,350 1,160
2,010
2,680 2,250
4 Oct. 1969
925
1,265
1,400
2,000
Analysis by USGS. Samples from the stations do not correspond exactly
with those of 1968-69, but they were in the general area.
16
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Chemical Parameters
Field Determinations;
Dissolved oxygen value~s of Piceance Creek were inversely related to
temperature (Figure 5). Dissolved oxygen in White River and Yellow Creek
showed this same inverse relationship. Because of higher concentration
of dissolved salts in Piceance Creek and YeTlow~C*fe"eE7""3llrstrlvedr oxygen
nctJttc~e1ffeffaH!on~^±" saturation was lower than for White River at the same
temperature.
Total alkalinity for Piceance Creek ranged from 300 to 1,600 mg/1.
Stations I, III, and IV were more homogeneous with concentration increas-
ing with distance down stream. Station V was more concentrated, reaching
a high in July (1969) of 1,600 mg/1. Total alkalinity values for White
River were lower and more homogeneous (Tables 66, 68, and 70). Yellow
Creek data showed a high degree of variability.
Hydrogen ion concentration in Piceance Creek ranged from pH 7.9 at
Station I, to pH 8.4 at Station V. All pH readings were similar with only
slight variations. This same homogeneity was found in White River and
Yellow Creek. The pH of Yellow Creek was consistently higher (pH 8.5 to
8.8).
Filtrable solids from Piceance Creek showed some seasonal trends. There
was an inverse relationship between discharge and filtrable solids (Figure 6)
Total solids were not analyzed prior to March, 1969, and discharge data from
October, 1969 to December, 1969 were unavailable; however, existing data
indicated a direct relationship between total solids and discharge rate.
(Figure 7). Non-filtrable solids data are listed in(Tables 13, 15, 17, 19,
21, 22, 23, 66, 68, 70, and 75).
Major Cations;
Piceance Creek dissolved calcium values showed a high degree of variability
(26 mg/1 December, 1968 to 180 mg/1 June, 1969). White River and Yellow
Creek calcium data showed similar variability (Tables 67, 69, 71, and 76).
Dissolved magnesium values indicated a seasonal trend. Magnesium concen-
tration, when compared to discharge, indicated an indirect relationship
(Figure 8). White River dissolved magnesium data were less variable, with
concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 mg/1. Yellow Creek dissolved magnesium
values were seven times those of White River (Table 76).
Sodium was the most concentrated cation in Piceance Creek, ranging from 150
to 2,950 mg/1. Station V had the highest concentration. A peak of 2,950
mg/1 sodium was reached at Station V in August (1969), which coincided with
a decrease in discharge. White River dissolved sodium values ranged from
20 to 100 mg/1; the majority of values found at the lower end of the range
(Tables 67, 69, and 71). Yellow Creek had a low of 300 mg/1 and a high of
3,710 mg/1 (Table 76).
Potassium data for all three streams were highly variable (Tables 14, 16,
18, 20, 67, 69, 71, and 76).
IT
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
SNDJFMAMJJASOND
Figure 5. Monthly records of mean dissolved oxygen (one reading per
month) and water temperature in Piceance Creek from September, 1968
to December, 1969.
18
-------
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
3
CD
E
o
o
o
oo
Q
_i
O
oo
ULJ
_l
CD
<
cc
2
I I I I I I I I I
SNDJFMAMJJASOND
Figure 6. Filtrable solids and discharge records from
Piceance Creek.
19
-------
0.9
^0.7
CD
CO
CO
E
cc
CJ
o.:
DISCHARGE
,1
I\TOTAL
/ 1 SOLIDS
1 I
J4
3
O
00
O
n
O
GO
O
o
o
3
CD
2
I I I I
JFMAMJJASOND
Figure 7. Total solids and discharge records from Piceance
Creek from January, 1969 to December, 1969.
20
-------
0.9
OQ7
U>/
CO
LLJ
CD
CC
CJ
§0.5
0.3
T~T
I I I I I I
DISCHARGE
12
10
8
CD
Z
m
oo
O
MAGNESIUM
I I I I I I
I I
SNDJFMAMJJASOND
Figure 8, Magnesium concentration and discharge records
in Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969.
21
-------
Anions:
Slight seasonal trends were observed in dissolved chloride concentra-
tions. Chloride concentrations at Station V were inversely related to
discharge. Chloride ranged from 7 to 135 mg/1 in Piceance Creek, 2 to
25 mg/1 in White River, and 75 to 174 mg/1 in Yellow Creek (Tables 14, 16,
18, 20, 67, 69, 71, and 76).
Dissolved nitrate presented some analytical problems. Piceance Creek and
Yellow Creek were consistently high in chloride which had a masking effect
on nitrate. Colorometric analysis required removal of chloride, which was
only partially possible without causing further sensitivity problems due
to the removal agent. Concentrations of chloride in Piceance Creek and
Yellow Creek ranged from 0.4 to 4.3 mg/1. White River during the winter
(1968-1969) had a high of 6.6 mg/1, but generally remained at 0.2 to 1.2
mg/1.
Dissolved silica in Piceance Creek showed no seasonal trend. There was a
high degree of within month variation between stations on Piceance Creek.
White River and Yellow Creek showed similar results.
Dissolved sulfate values for Piceance Creek indicated seasonal variation.
Concentrations increased with distance down stream (Figure 9). White
River data indicated no seasonal trend. Yellow Creek sulfate values were
highest and ranged from 501 to 892 mg/1.
Trace Elements:
Trace elements (cadmium, copper, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenui
nickel, silver, and zinc) were less than 1 mg/1. There was no indication
of seasonal trends in these elements.
Biological Parameters
Bottom samples yielded 10,505 benthic organisms. Peak total relative abun-
dance of aquatic invertebrates in Piceance Creek occurred during June, 1969
(Figure 10). Mean monthly numbers ranged from 140 organisms per m in
April (1969) to 1,488 organisms per m in June (1969).
Diptera and Ephemeroptera comprised the greatest number of organisms col-
lected (Table 2). Dipterans were greatest in abundance and ranged from 47
to 58% of total organisms collected. Ephemeropterans, second in abundance,
ranged from 17 to 27% of the total. Trichopterans, at Stations I, II, and
V, ranged from 7 to 8% of the total at all stations except IV. Coleopterans
ranged from 1 to 10% of the total. Plecopterans were least abundant of all
aquatic insects collected. Noninsect aquatic invertebrates constituted
the remaining organisms collected (Table 2). Oligochaetes contributed the
largest number to this noninsect group and ranked third in total abundance.
Table 2 also indicates the possibility of spacial distribution of organisms
in Piceance Creek.
22
-------
9
7
Q)
E
o
o
5
LU
3
00
I I I I I I I I I I I I
S N DJ FMAMJJ ASOND
Figure 9. Sulfate concentration record in Piceance Creek
from September, 1968 to December, 1969. Roman numerals indicate
sampling site Fig. 2.
23
-------
0
DJ FMAMJJASON D
Figure 10. Mean numbers of aquatic invertebrates from all
stations in Piceance Creek from December, 1968 to December, 1969
-------
ro
VJl
TABLE 2.—Total number of aquatic invertebrates by major groups from each stream station for a year
period (December, 1968 to December, 1969)
Taxon
Ephemeroptera
Diptera
Trichoptera
Oligochaeta
Coleoptera
Plecoptera
Other
Total
Station I
Number
933
2,650
339
235
176
4
167
4,504
Percent
20.7
58.8
7.5
5.2
3.9
0.1
3.7
Station
II
Number Percent
1,275
2,622
360
194
124
23
38
4,647
27.4
56.4
7.7
4.2
2.7
0.7
0.8
Station IV
Number
188
607
9
187
8
65
16
1,080
Percent
17.4
56.2
0.8
17.3
0.7
6.0
1.5
Station
V
Number Percent
49
129
20
29
28
—
19
274
17.9
47.1
7.3
10.6
10.2
—
6.9
Station III was not sampled.
2
Includes Gastropoda, Amphipoda, Hirudinea, and Odonata.
-------
Tables 3 and 4 give the mean number, mean volume, and mean wet weight
(all stations combined) for the sampling period. These data give a
relative idea of total biomass. Coefficients of variation range from 35
to 92%, indicating the variation between stations.
Monthly biomass (standing crop) of total aquatic invertebrates ranged from
140 to 1,488 organisms per m or from 0.82to 15.0 grams wet weight per
m . Volumes ranged from 1.1 to 16.8 ml/m .
Seasonal Trends
Diptera:
Diptera, represented by 12 families, was the most abundant order collected
reaching its peak population during June (1969) . There was a secondary
peak in population during the months of December and January. A major low
in numbers occurred during April and May and a secondary low in numbers
during September (Figure 11).
Only eight families, of the 12 collected, were identified to genus and only
one to species.
Simuliidae represented the greatest abundance of Dipterans. Individuals
were identified to one genus, Simulium. Seasonal trends were evident
(Figure 12) with a high number of individuals in June and low numbers in
April, May, and September.
Chironomidae, second in dipteran abundance, showed a different type of
seasonal population fluctuation (Figure 13). There were several population
peaks of approximately the same magnitude with definite low numbers occur-
ring during April, May, and September. All individuals were identified to
one genus, Cardiocladius.
Tipulidae, third in dipteran abundance, had population peaks in January,
March, and June (approximately 21 organisms per m ) and low numbers in
December and May (3 organisms per m ). Three genera were identified, Tipula,
Hexatoma, and Erioptera. Tipulidae contributed the greatest amount to the
volume of organisms at each station.
Rhagionidae, fourth in dipteran abundance, peaked during summer months, and
declined during the winter. The genus, Atherix, comprised the majority of
individuals.
Tetanoceridae, Ephyridae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Syphidae,
and Stratiomyidae were collected in such small numbers they did not con-
tribute to abundance or biomass. Seasonal trends were not apparent.
Ephemeroptera:
Ephemeroptera, represented by two families, Baetidae and Heptageniidae, were
second in total abundance. Ephemeroptera populations had a primary high
during June (1969) and a secondary high in January (1969). Low numbers were
recorded during February, April, May, and September (1969).
26
-------
TABLE 3.— Mean number, volume, and wet weight of macrobenthos collected from stations on Piceance Creek,
Rio Blanco County, Colorado (December, 1968 to June, 1969) Standard error values are between stations
for a given month.
ro
Month
December (1968
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
Total No.
samples
4(4)a
4(4)
4(4)
4(4)
3(4)
4(4)
4(4)
Mean No .
per m
356
830
280
550
140
183
1488
Standard
error
326.52
556.54
192.64
194.59
65.39
123.02
851.41
Mean Vol..
ml per m
4.6
4.5
1.1
2.5
3.8
2.0
16.8
Mean Wt.»
mg per m
823.6
3663.0
686.7
2183.6
472.7
643.5
15008.3
number of square feet per sample
-------
TABLE 4.—Mean number, volume, and wet weight of macrobenthos collected from stations on Piceance Creek,
Rio Blanco County, Colorado (July, 1969 to December, 1969)
ro
Co
Month
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total No.
samples
3(4)a
4(4)
4(4)
4(2)
4(2)
4(4)
Mean No.
per m
1421
550
216
302
1078
776
Standard
error
1237.59
285.22
129.65
160.65
631.30
422.88
Mean Vol*
ml per m
4.7
1.7
1.6
8.9
8.7
4.2
Mean Wet Wt.
mg per m
7102.8
1298.2
1846.8
3412.5
5492.4
864.2
Number of square feet per sample
-------
'» // \V
1 x // \v
/ \ / \
' \ n \\
/ - w V
o
DJFMAMJ JASON D
Figure 11. Monthly mean record for Diptera in Piceance Creek
from December, 1968 to December, 1969. Roman numerals refer to
sampling sites Fig. 2.
29
-------
0
DJFMAMJJASOND
Figure 12. Monthly mean record of Simuliidae in Piceance Creek
from Stations I and II.
30
-------
4
CN
C/5
8 2
0
CHIRONOMIDAE
I I I I I I I I I I I
DJFMAMJJASOND
Figure 13. Monthly mean record of Chironomidae in Piceance
Creek from Stations I and II.
31
-------
Baetidae, the most abundant family, was represented by four genera, Ephemer-
ella, Ameletus, Baetis, and Caenis. Figure 14 shows seasonal population
trends exist for Baetidae,but there was variation between stations.
Ameletus and Epheinerella comprised the majority of individuals in Baetidae.
Heptageniidae were collected to a lesser extent and Heptagenia was the
only genus identified.
Trichoptera:
Trichoptera, third in total abundance, contained three families, Limneph-
ilidae, Hydropsychidae, and Hydroptilidae. Each family contained one genus,
Hesperophylax, Hydropsyche, and Hydroptila in order of families listed above,
Peak abundance, for Trichoptera, was reached during December and January
(1969) with low numbers occurring during March, April, and May (1969). Sec-
ondary population peaks were reached during the summer months (June and
August, 1969).
Hydropsychidae were the most abundant Trichopterans collected. Seasonal
trends were evident in this family (Figure 15). December and January
(1969) exhibited the peak in abundance (260 organisms per m ) with low
number in April (1969).
Limnephilidae ranged from 0 to 76 organisms collected at Station II. Lim-
nephilidae were generally less abundant than Hydropsychidae, with Stations
I and II producing the majority of organisms.
Hydroptilidae did not contribute much to abundance or biomass.
Coleoptera:
Coleopterans showed a peak population during winter months (December, 1968
and January, 1969). A maximum of 194 organisms per m was collected at
Station I in January (1969). Secondary population peaks occurred during
summer and early fall months. Few organisms were found in samples during
March, April, and May; these months represented a seasonal low in numbers.
Oligochaeta:
Oligochaeta comprised a considerable portion of total biomass and abundance.
Oligochaetes as a major group ranked fourth in abundance and ranged from
4.2 to 10.6% of total organisms collected. December (1968) samples pro-
duced no oligochaetes; this low was followed by an increase to a peak pop-
ulation in April (216 organisms per m ). May, July, August, and December
showed low numbers again with few organisms being collected.
Others:
Members of this group were: Gastropoda, Amphipoda, Hirudinea, and Odonata.
No single component of the group was most abundant, but all seemed to appear
occasionally during the sampling period. Station I produced the greatest
abundance of this group.
32
-------
0
DJFMAMJJASOND
Figure 14. Monthly mean record of Baetidae in Piceance Creek
from Stations I and II.
33
-------
HYDROPSYCHIDAE
0
DJFMAMJ JASON D
Figure 15. Monthly mean record of Hydropsychidae in Piceance
Creek from Stations I and II.
-------
Spatial Distribution
Aquatic invertebrates collected from Piceance Creek were generally equally
abundant at Stations I and II, but this trend did not exist for the re-
maining stations. Abundance and composition tended to decrease from
Station I to V in all the major groups (Tables 5-7).
Ten families of Diptera (Table 5) were found at Station I; only six
families were found at Station IV. Simuliidae, most abundant dipteran,
showed a marked spatial distribution between Stations I and V. Chiron-
omidae (Table 1) showed this same distribution trend. Dipterans (Tetan-
oceridae, Ceratopogonidae, Tabanidae, and Stratiomyidae) were present at
the upper stations (I and II) only, demonstrating a preference for the
particular habitats at these stations.
Ephemeropterans (Table 1) ranged from four genera at Station I to two
genera at Station V. Ameletus showed the greatest habitat tolerance, hav-
ing higher numbers at all stations than other Ephemeropterans. Baetis and
Caenis showed the least tolerance and inhabited Stations I and II respec-
tively.
Trichopterans (Hesperophylax, Hydropsyche, and Hydroptila) were generally
found in upper portions of Piceance Creek (Stations I and II). However,
representatives of Hesperophylax and Hydropsyche (Table 6) were found in
small numbers at Station IV and in even smaller numbers at Station V.
Six genera of Coleoptera were found at Station I, with only three genera
found at Station V (Table 6). Halipus seemed to be more habitat tolerant,
being found at all stations. Representatives of Elmidae and Dytiscidae were
found primarily in the cooler, clear water of Stations I and II.
Isoperla (Plecoptera) showed the only reversal of spatial distribution in
Piceance Creek (Table 6). Isoperla showed a definite increase in numbers
from Stations I to IV. This trend, however, did not persist to Station V
(no Plecopterans being found).
Gyraulus, a Gastropod, was confined to Stations I and II and also showed a
decrease from Station I to Station II.
Hyalella, an Amphipod, was found at all four stations, but there was a
marked decrease in numbers from Station I (49 organisms) to Station V (3
organisms).
Representatives of Odonata, Hirudinea, Pelecypoda, and Hydracarina (Table 7)
were collected in such few numbers that spatial distribution was not evident,
Total monthly biomass indicated the same spatial distribution as abundance
(Table 8). Total monthly volume was also quite similar with regard to
spatial differences. For all months sampled, Stations I and II were higher
in biomass than Stations IV and V.
35
-------
TABLE 5.—Spatial distribution of Diptera and Ephemeroptera in
Piceance Creek, from December. 1968 to December, 1969 on basis
of total organisms collected.1 *, <25; **, 25-100; ***,
101-200; 8888, >200; --, not observed.
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Erioptera
Tetanoceridae
Ephydridae
Chironomidae
Cardioeladius
Simuliidae
Simulium
Ceratopogonidae
Culicidae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Tabanidae
Syphidae
Eristalis teanix
Stratiomyidae
Pachgaster
Stations
I II IV V
* ** * *
A ft* *
A — — ft
A — —
* — * ft
ftftftft ftftftft ftftftft ft*
ftftftft ftftftft ft ft
ft ft
ft — — ft
**ft A* ft ft
ft — —
*
ft ft
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ephemerella
Ameletus
Baetis
Caenis
Heptageniidae
Heptagenia
ftftftft
ftftftft
ft
Aft
*ftft*
****
ft*
*ftft
*
ftftft
Station III was not sampled.
36
-------
TABLE 6.—Spatial distribution ofirichoptera, Plesiopora, Coleoptera,
and Odonata in Piceance Creek, from December, 1968 to December,
1969 on basis of total organisms collected. *, <25; **, 26-100;
101-200; ****, >200; —, not observed.
AAA
Taxon
Stations
II
IV
V
Trichoptera
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
Coleoptera
Halipidae
Halipus
Brychius
Elmidae
Limnius
Lara
Dytiscidae
Agabus
Hydrovatus
Hydrophilidae
Helophorus
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Odonata
Aeschnidae
Coengrionidae
Ischnura
Gomphidae
Ophiogomphus
Plesiopora
Tubificidae
AAAA
A
**
A
AA
A
A
A
AA
AAAA
AA
A
AA
AA
A
A
AAAA
AAA
AAA
"Station III was not sampled,
37
-------
TABLE 7.—Spatial distribution of Amphipoda, Pulmonata, Hirudinea,
Pelecypoda, and Hydracarina in Piceance Creek, from December, ±
1968, to December, 1969 on basis of total organisms collected.
*, <25; **, 26-100; ***, 101-200; ****, >200; —, not observed.
Taxon
Stations
II
IV
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Parapholyx
Lymnaeidae
Lymnea
Physidae
Physa
Hirudinea
Rhynchobdellida
Pelecypoda
Heterodonata
Shaeriidae
Hydracarina
Trombidiidae
A
A
A
A
Station III was not sampled.
38
-------
TABLE 8.— Biomass (mg wet weight) of aquatic invertebrates from
each station . (December, 1968 to December, 1969).
Month
December (1968)
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Stations
I
2,766
10,646
2,253
743
—
2,037
3,826
5,001
1,185
3,913
636
10,456
1,894
II
26
3,414
334
4,851
1,196
183
44,003
14,865
3,158
6,123
9,862
10,941
4,117
IV
—
711
86
2,457
140
107
16,525
1,670
366
10
2,630
474
937
V
34
64
21
86
86
194
21
—
743
—
—
14
571
Station III was not sampled.
39
-------
Macrobenthos samples taken from White River (Tables 72 and 77) indi-
cated that diversity was uniform throughout the study area. Yellow
Creek macrobenthos were less diverse than Piceance Creek or White River.
Fish
Species diversity of fish in Piceance Creek was low throughout the stream.
Mountain sucker (Catostomus platyhynchus) and speckled dace (Rhinichthys
osculus) were the predominant species present and existed along the length
of Piceance Creek. Salmo gairdneri and Salvelinus fontinalis, occurred
in the upper portion (4.8 km) of permanent water. Other species were
found to a lesser extent in Piceance Creek (Table 62).
Fish populations sampled in White River were slightly more diverse than
Piceance Creek (Table 73). There was a uniform distribution of species
throughout the study area. Mountain whitefish were found at Station V
Piceance Creek not in great numbers in either stream.
-------
SECTION VI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology, Colorado State
University, initiated the grant proposal, and handled the admin-
istration. Dr. W. Harry Everhart, Professor and Chairman Fishery
Major, was Project Director. Mr. Bruce May, Florida Game and
Fresh Water Fish Commission, Eustis, Florida, completed the field
work as part of his graduate work, and submitted the report as
his Master's thesis to the Graduate School.
Colorado Division of Wildlife provided laboratory facilities at
their Little Hills Field Station.
The support of the project by the Water Quality Office,
Environmental Protection Agency, and assistance from Mr. J. Howard
McCormick, Grant Project Officer, are acknowledged.
-------
SECTION VII
REFERENCES
1. American Public Health Association. 1965. Standard methods for
the examination of water and waste water, 12th ed. A.P.H.A.,
New York. 769 pp.
2. Anon. 1966. Water and related land resources White River Basin
in Colorado. Colorado Water Conservation Board and United States
Department of Agriculture. 92 pp.
3. Davis, H. S. 1938. Instructions for conducting stream and lake
surveys. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Fishery Circular 26. 55 pp.
4. Doudoroff, P. and C. E. Warren. 1957. Biological indices of
water pollution, with special reference to fish populations. In
Biological problems in water pollution. U.S. Public Health Serv.
Publ. pp. 144-163.
5. Ellis, R. J. and H. W. Cowing. 1957- Relationship between food
supply and condition of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta Linn.) in
a Michigan stream. Limnology and Oceanography. 2(4):299-308.
6. Gaufin, A. R. 1957. The use and value of aquatic insects as
indicators of organic enrichment. In Biological problems in water
pollution. U.S. Public Health Serv. Publ. pp. 136-143.
7. Gaufin, A. R. and C. M. Tarzwell. 1952. Aquatic invertebrates as
indicators of stream pollution. Public Health Reports. 67: 57-64.
8. Hazzard, A. S. 1935. Instructions for lake and stream survey
work. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. 34 pp. (Mimeo.)
9. Hynes, H.B.N. 1960. The biology of polluted waters. Liverpool
Univ. Press, Liverpool. 202 pp.
10. Kennedy, H. D. 1967. Seasonal abundance of aquatic invertebrates
and their utilization by hatchery-reared rainbow trout. Technical
Paper 12, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. 41 pp.
11. Lackey, J. B. 1957. Protozoa as indicators of the ecological con-
dition of a body of water. In Biological problems in water pollution,
U.S. Public Health Serv. Publ. pp. 50-59.
12. Mackey, R. J. 1969. Aquatic insect communities of a small stream
on Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 26:1157-1183.
-------
13. Madsen, M. J. 1935. A biological survey of streams and lakes of
Fort Apache and San Carolos Indian Reservation, Arizona. U.S.
Bureau of Fisheries. 16 pp. (Mimeo.)
14. Patrick, Ruth. 1948. Factors affecting the distribution of diatoms.
Bot. Rev. 14(8): 473-524.
15. . 1957. Diatoms as indicators of changes in environ-
mental conditions. Ln Biological problems in water pollution. U.S.
Public Health Serv. Publ. pp. 71-83.
16. Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh water invertebrates of the United States.
The Ronald Press Company, New York. 769 pp.
17. Pennak, R. W. and E. D. VanGerpen. 1947. Bottom fauna production
and physical nature of the substrate in a northern Colorado trout
stream. Ecology. 28: 42-48.
18. Rainwater, F. H. and L. L. Thatcher. 1968. Methods for collection
and analysis of water samples. U.S. Geological Survey, water-supply
paper 1454. 301 pp.
19. Reid, G. K. 1966. Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. Rein-
hold Publishing Corporation, New York. 375 pp.
20. Ross, H. H. 1944. The caddis flies or Trichoptera of Illinois. 111.
Nat. History Surv. Bull. 23: 10326.
21. Tebo, L. B. and N. W. Hassler. 1961. Seasonal abundance of aquatic
insects in western North Carolina trout streams. Journal, Elisha
Mitchell Scientific Society. 77(2): 249-259.
22. Usinger, R. L. 1956. Aquatic insects of California. University
Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 508 pp.
23. Wiggins, G. B. 1960. A preliminary systematic study of the North
American larvae of the caddis fly family Phryganeidae (Trichoptera).
Canadian J. Zool. 38: 1153-1170.
-------
SECTION IX
APPENDICES
-------
TABLE 9.—Physical data collected at station I on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
-t-
o\
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
—
—
29
21
9
1
38
—
60
73
67
65
54
53
49
Water
Temperature
(C)
15
—
0
1
0
0
2
5
10
11
12
11
8
5
5
Specific
Conductance
(y mho cm )
—
—
1,000
950
1,000
756
750
—
920
860
960
890
925
860
830
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
-------
TABLE 10.—Physical data collected at station III on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
—q
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
52
47
36
39
20
26
42
—
62
84
78
75
46
58
48
Water
Temperature
(C)
12
6
1
1
0
0
5
5
15
19
17
14
9
5
5
Specific
Conductance ..
(y mho cm )
1,000
1,100
1,300
1,250
1,300
1,400
1,150
„_
1,400
15440
1,260
1,140
1,265
1,240
1,075
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
-------
TABLE 11.— Physical data collected at station IV on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Co
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
—
32
36
35
22
30
48
—
70
84
78
76
38
37
46
Water
Temperature
(C)
15
5
1
1
0
0
5
6
15
15
15
14
7
3
4
Specific
Conductance,
(u mho cm )
2,200
2,250
1,000
1,450
1,454
1,506
1,450
—
1,760
1,750
1,360
1,270
1,400
1,360
1,190
Turbidity
(JTU)
__
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
<25
<25
32
<25
28
Discharge
(cfs)
20.2
16.7
17.8
17.2
15.6
22.6
28.8
24.3
12.4
15.2
25.3
22.4
—
—
-------
TABLE 12.—Physical data collected at station V on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
-p-
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
45
54
32
37
32
38
49
—
68
89
84
76
34
28
38
Water
Temperature
(C)
7
9
0
0
0
3
6
6
15
25
22
17
6
0
0
Specific
Conductance..
( y mho cm )
2,000
2,250
2,400
2,200
2,510
2,400
2,515
—
2,500
3,800
1,875
1,850
2,000
1,750
1,525
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
63
38
36
28
110
-------
List of Abbreviations and Their Meanings
DO - Dissolved Oxygen concentration (mg/1)
pH - Hydrogen ion concentration
phth - phenophthalein alkalinity (mg/1 CaCO.,)
TA - Total Alkalinity (mg/1 CaCO.,)
FS - Filtrable Solids (mg/1)
NFS - Nonfiltrable Solids (mg/1)
TR - Total Residue (mg/1)
SS - Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Ca - Calcium (mg/1)
Mg - Magnesium (mg/1)
Na - Sodium (mg/1)
K - Potassium (mg/1)
Cl - Chloride (mg/1)
SO^ - Sulfate (mg/1)
Si02 - Silica (mg/1)
N03 - Nitrate (mg/1)
SC - Specific Conductance (y mho cm" )
T - Turbidity (JTU)
-------
TABLE 13.—Chemical data from station I on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DO
10.2
7.7
10.3
6.5
10.1
11.2
9.0
9.6
8.3
10.4
9.4
10.0
10.0
10.6
10.2
PH
8.4
8.2
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.6
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.8
phth
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
TA
270.0
500.0
376.0
436.0
400.0
380.0
304.0
350.0
392.0
368.0
396.0
412.0
406.0
400.0
404.0
FS
480.0
728.0
674.0
706.0
660.0
688.0
506.0
598.0
656.0
614.0
653.0
647.0
675.0
661.0
542.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,014.0
70.0
4.0
12.0
2.0
5.0
53.0
3.0
128.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,520.0
668.0
660.0
626.0
655.0
652.0
718.0
664.0
670.0
SS
—
—
—
—
—
0.1
1.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
TABLE 14.—Chemical data from station I on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December,1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
Augus t
September
October
November
December
Ca
49
81
—
75
79
79
77
90
99
94
110
82
85
64
61
.9
.1
.0
.3
.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
.6
.6
Mg
27
34
—
31
32
33
32
50
47
44
48
48
60
53
46
.7
.0
.9
.2
.0
.0
.0
.6
.8
.7
.1
.6
.9
.4
Na
7.
133.
—
107.
107.
111.
97.
131.
110.
105.
129.
107.
235.
197.
202.
8
5
7
1
6
9
3
0
7
2
9
0
0
0
K
3.2
10.0
—
3.7
4.2
4.0
2.4
4.0
2.8
2.4
3.1
0.6
6.0
5.1
5.8
Cl
6.8
13.0
11.4
12.0
11.0
11.0
8.0
8.5
10.5
10.8
11.5
10.8
11.0
11.0
10.5
S°4
65.6
139.9
125.4
150,1
148.7
283.0
91.1
146.5
141.0
147.3
134.4
153.4
154.9
128.6
139.2
Si02
15.5
21.0
21.3
15.5
15.0
16.0
18.0
16 ..0
16.5
16.5
18.0
15.5
25.0
20.0
19.5
N03
1.2
0.9
2.2
0.9
2.1
0.5
3.0
3. -8
3.2
1.7
0.8
0.7
2.5
0.5
2.9
-------
TABLE 15.—Chemical data from station III on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DO
8.1
7.7
10.3
7.0
10.4
10.7
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
10.8
10.0
pH
8.2
8.2
7.8
8.2
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.9
phth
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
TA
396.0
500.0
376.0
480.0
500.0
492.0
424.0
496.0
552.0
532.0
496.0
468.0
582.0
508.0
496.0
FS
650.0
728.0
674.0
454.0
948.0
1,014.0
760.0
902.0
1,064.0
1,122.0
900.0
837.0
954.0
945.0
842.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
—
—
865.0
178.0
4.0
13.0
200.0
101.0
135.0
49.0
116.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,625.0
1,080.0
1,108.0
1,135.0
1,100.0
938.0
1,089.0
994.0
958.0
SS
—
—
—
—
-_
0.8
1.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
-------
TABLE 16.--Chemical data from station III on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
VJ1
-p"
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
Augus t
September
October
November
December
Ca
73
102
—
82
99
95
91
89
101
108
100
99
74
72
70
.5
.0
.7
.4
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.3
.6
.8
Mg
32
44
—
38
40
41
56
67
91
84
74
69
78
74
76
.3
,7
.4
.4
.1
.0
.0
.4
.7
.4
.4
.4
.7
.9
Na
10
308
—
129
138
176
155
195
199
242
171
155
293
253
276
,5
,0
.1
.8
.0
.6
.5
.2
.3
.3
.1
.0
.0
.0
K
4eO
3.6
—
4.0
4.7
5.4
3.6
3.5
4.8
4.6
3.8
0.7
7.1
7.0
6.0
Cl
11.1
16.3
11.4
13.0
13.0
14.0
13.0
14.5
17.0
14.0
11.0
12.5
14.3
14.0
13.3
S°4
118.8
676.9
125.4
269.7
305.0
401.0
177.5
305.0
337.2
319.9
226.1
229.6
269.1
254,6
248.2
Si02
17.9
22.0
21.3
16.5
16.5
16.5
19.5
19.0
20.0
20.0
19.5
16.5
26.0
17.0
25.5
N03
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.4
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.5
2.6
-------
TABLE 17.—Chemical data from station IV on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
Augus t
September
October
November
December
DO
6.0
6.1
10.9
7.3
10.5
11.0
9.0
8.2
8.5
9,2
8.0
8.8
10.0
11.0
8.0
PH
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.3
8.2
8.2
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.0
phth
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.0
32.0
20.0
12.0
0.0
4.0
16.0
10.0
35.0
TA
630.0
632.0
548.0
532.0
548.0
544.0
508.0
592.0
608.0
620.0
504.0
500.0
532.0
552.0
524.0
FS
1,828.0
1,846.0
1,100.0
1,028.0
1,066.0
1,106.0
1,004.0
1,022.0
1,376.0
1,482.0
1,010.0
973.0
1,053.0
1,090.0
952.0
NFS
—
—
—
-
—
—
1,016.0
7,096.0
4.0
18.0
222.0
205.0
88.0
190.0
168.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,020.0
8,098.0
1,340.0
1,500.0
1,232.0
1,178.0
1,141.0
1,199.0
1,120.0
SS
—
—
—
—
—
0.3
1.4
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
-------
TABLE 18.—Chemical data from station IV on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
_
0\
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ca
100
76
—
75
95
88
93
100
113
95
86
96
100
76
73
.7
.0
.0
.1
.2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.4
.7
.2
Mg
44.
42.
—
31.
41.
41.
80.
87.
119.
109.
83.
85.
101
91.
83.
6
3
9
6
9
0
0
9
0
8
2
.4
2
2
Na
308.
528.
—
107.
202.
268.
199.
190.
233.
242.
165.
164.
287.
274.
281.
5
0
7
0
5
7
8
7
3
0
2
0
0
0
K
3.7
7.6
—
3.7
4.9
5.1
4.3
5.7
4.9
4.5
3.4
0.8
7.3
7.8
7.6
Cl
16.5
53.5
11,4
12.0
14.5
15.0
15.8
16.8
19.0
19.8
11.8
9.5
13.3
15.0
14.5
SO.
4
656.3
320.1
125.4
150.1
358.0
441.0
294.3
358.0
471.3
460.6
314.7
302.3
344.0
341.8
320.4
Si02
22.0
29.0
21.3
15.5
16.5
16.5
20.0
19.0
20.0
19.5
20.0
19.5
30.0
17.0
24.0
N03
4.3
1.8
2.2
0.9
3.3
1.5
1.8
2.6
0.3
0.4
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.6
2.6
-------
TABLE 19.—Chemical data from station V on Piceance Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1958)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
Augus t
September
October
November
December
DO
9.7
9.1
10.9
6.8
10.6
9.5
8.8
7.6
7.4
6.8
6.2
7.2
9.6
11.4
8.0
PH
8.2
8.2
8.0
8.3
8.3
8.4
8.1
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.2
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.0
phth
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.0
0.0
44.0
48.0
6.0
44.0
90.0
28.0
20.0
36.0
44.0
48.0
TA
834.0
1,036.0
976.0
888.0
888.0
942.0
836.0
800.0
916.0
1,620.0
716.0
768.0
856.0
810.0
738.0
FS
1,654.0
1,930.0
1,794.0
1,610.0
1,682.0
1,786.0
1,562.0
1,640.0
1,911.0
3,159.0
1,560.0
1,530.0
1,621.0
1,480.0
1,266.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
—
1,806.0
1,358.0
708.0
379.0
16.0
2,780.0
1,438.0
471.0
491.0
1,240.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
3,592.0
2,920.0
2,348.0
2,290.0
3,175.0
4,340.0
2,168.0
2,150.0
1,971.0
3,506.0
SS
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.4
0.7
0.6
0.0
17.0
0.7
0.5
0.6
3.0
-------
TABLE 20.-— Chemical data from station V on Piceance Creek from September 1968 to December, 1969
vn
Co
Month
September (1968)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ca
53.5
78.4
54.8
71.0
67.0
180.0
82.0
74.0
89.0
115.6
67.3
25.5
Mg
61.3
41.7
41.6
90.0
101.0
117.7
105.1
80.1
88.4
101.5
93.9
2910
Na
411.5
494.0
385.1
394.1
512.0
1,544.0
295.7
325.3
400.0
365.0
87.4
K
6.1
6.2
6.8
5.1
0.9
6.0
7.6
5.6
1.4
8.1
8.4
4.4
Cl
40.7
55.0
63.0
44.5
39.5
49.8
136.0
37.0
38.5
13.3
39.0
36.0
so4
409.0
338.0
885.0
392.0
348.0
538.2
584.3
327.6
395.9
344.0
352.2
322.9
Si02
21.0
16.5
16.3
19.5
19.5
20.0
15.5
19.5
19.5
30.0
17.0
24.0
N03
2.2
—
1.6
1.4
0.7
0.5
1.1
0.7
0.6
0.7
2.2
-------
TABLE 21.—Weekly sampling data from all stations June 10, 1969 to June 23, 1969
Date
1969
June 10
June 16
June 23
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PH
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.6
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.8
8.0
7.9
8.1
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.8
SC
889
1,550
1,900
3,800
410
439
450
3,850
1,040
1,540
1,860
2,810
465
525
520
3,750
920
1,400
1,760
2,500
479
480
485
3,550
FS
714
1,041
1,352
2,946
216
—
—
2,565
661
1,100
1,409
2,520
329
367
350
2,949
656
1,104
1,336
1,911
300
337
336
2,914
NSF
6
93
6
262
2
—
—
545
109
154
156
664
261
240
746
335
4
4
4
379
54
47
60
146
TR
720
1,134
1,358
3,208
218
—
—
3,110
770
1,254
1,560
3,184
590
616
1,096
3,284
660
1,108
1,340
2,290
354
384
396
3,060
T
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
30
<25
30
40
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
59
-------
TABLE 22.—Weekly sampling data from all stations July 10, 1959 to July 31, 1969
Date
1969
July 10
July 17
July 23
July 31
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PH
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.5
8.1
8.3
8.4
8.9
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.5
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.6
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.6
SC
860
1,440
1,750
3,800
498
520
510
3,850
880
1,490
1,790
3,600
580
615
605
3,800
940
1,430
1,775
3,005
640
690
725
4,019
938
1,290
1,460
2,450
590
700
730
3,750
FS
614
1,122
1,482
3,159
338
356
344
3,178 ,
648
1,048
1,398
2,948
418
450
448
3,070
645
880
1,260
2,225
415
445
447
3,056
662
894
1,082
1,816
414
491
539
2,879
NSF
12
13
18
16
14
44
10
70
8
44
6
144
8
26
28
10
19
208
536
153
60
83
137
200
2
47
434
329
67
218
605
425
TR
626
1,135
1,500
3,175
352
400
354
3,248
656
1,122
1,404
3,092
426
476
446
3,080
664
1,088
1,796
2,378
475
527
584
3,256
664
941
1,516
2,145
481
709
1,144
3,304
T
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
31
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
50
<25
60
-------
TABLE 23.—Weekly sampling data from all stations August 7, 1969 to August 29, 1969
Date
1969
Aug. 7-8
Aug. 19
Aug. 29
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PH
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.6
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.9
7.8
8.1
8.2
8.4
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.8
SC
940
1,310
1,450
2,150
580
665
665
3,450
920
1,215
1,360
1,810
690
700
800
3,015
880
1,080
1,150
1,825
580
640
680
3,500
FS
628
986
1,024
1,664
471
369
462
2,890
—
—
—
—
410
465
—
—
646
849
916
1,522
444
457
480
3,054
NSF
6
66
686
253
17
123
88
144
—
—
—
—
310
2,019
—
—
35
261
890
1,082
215
823
347
246
TR
634
1,052
1,710
1,917
488
492
550
3,034
—
—
—
—
720
2,484
—
—
681
1,110
1,806
2,604
659
1,280
827
3,300
T
<25
<25
28
32
<25
<25
<25
<25
<25
118
255
2,000
162
800
1,400
<25
<25
52
38
53
27
70
40
25
61
-------
TABLE 24.—Macrobenthic data fronustation I on Piceance Creek,
December, 1968. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Tetanoceridae
Ephydridae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elmidae
Limnius
Lara
Odonata
Aeschnidae
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Rhynochobdellida
Plesiopora
No.
2
1
90
112
1
1
2
92
7
10
95
18
8
34
1
1
1
5
11
1
2
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
, <0.1 11.6
<0.1 2.4
<0.1 5.6
0.5 76.4
<0.1 12.6
<0.1 2.6
<0.1 0.1
0.1 84.1
<0.1 6.7
0.3- 61.9
6.0 603.2
<0.1 7.6
<0.1 25.1
<0.1 42.7
<0.1 40.2
<0.1 3.0
<0.1 6.0
<0.1 20.1
<0.1 22.0
<0.1 8.5
<0.1 22.3
Dry Wtl
(mg)
10.4
1.7
4.7
13.1
11.4
2.5
0.0
24.1
4.8
10.1
72.4
1.8
12.8
16.2
5.6
2.5
4.3
10.5
5.8
2.0
1.3
62
-------
TABLE 25.—Macrobenthlc data from stations II, IV, and V on
Piceance Creek, December, 1968. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon No. Vol. Wet Wt. Dry Wt.
(ml) (mg) (mg)
Station II
Diptera
Chironomidae 13 <0.1 9.8 1.8
Station IV
No organisms collected in any sample
Station V
Diptera
Chironomidae 10 <0.1 5.9 1.4
Simuliidae 2 <0.1 0.6 0.1
Tipulidae
Tipula 1 <0.1 6.0 1.3
63
-------
TABLE 26.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
January, 1969. Based on 4 ft (036 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chlronomidae
Simuliidae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ceratopogonidae
Tetanoceridae
Ephemeroptera
Baetldae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Baetis
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Llmnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elmidae
Limnius
Lara
Dytiscidae
Hydrovatus
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Lynmaeidae
Lymnaea
Amphlpoda
Talltrldae
Hyalella
Rhynchobdellida
No.
12
5
137
241
20
3
5
97
34
3
92
9
18
19
47
3
1
19
2
25
1
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
1.5 1,377.9
0.2 277.7
0.5 162.5
1.0 289.9
0.5 407.7
<0.1 4.9
<0.1 17.4
0.1 68.8
<0.1 36.6
<0.1 0.6
0.5 534.2
<0.1 31.2
<0.1 6.1
0.1 70.5
0.2 66.5
<0.1 4.4
<0.1 7.3
<0.1 114.3
<0.1 10.7
<0.1 75.3
<0.1 10.5
Dry Wt
(mg)
67.0
21.4
17.4
44.3
63.9
3.9
3.7
12.2
5.5
0.2
53.9
4.0
1.7
31.7
20.7
0.4
0.6
43.5
7.2
7.1
1.2
Oligochaeta
Plesiopora
28
0.5
248.8
24.4
-------
TABLE 27.—Macrobenthic data from statioiull on Piceance Creek,
January, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tlpula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Limnephllidae
Hesperophylax
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Limnius
Lara
Amphipoda
Talifridae
Hyalella
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
T>1 oci rmnvfl
No.
15
2
80
29
3
120
71
16
6
5
14
1
5
2
1
22
Vol . Wet Wt .
(ml) (mg)
0.6 637.9
<0.1 8.3
<0.1 15.3
<0.1 30.2
<0.1 43.8
0.2 176.1
0.1 109.8
0.1 141.8
<0.1 35.9
<0.1 7.5
<0.1 19.0
<0.1 1.8
<0.1 7.2
<0.1 14.9
<0.1 4.2
<0.1 8.6
Dry Wt.
(mg)
55.0
0.3
3.5
4.9
7.1
25.8
17.3
14.7
3.3
0.8
5.4
0.0
1.2
5.3
1.3
1.4
65
-------
TABLE 28.—Macrobenthic data from station_IV and V on Piceance Creek,
January, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Plesiopora
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Erioptera
Chironomidae
Simnliidae
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Plesiopora
No. Vol.
(ml)
Station IV
1 ->0.1
3 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
28 <0.1
Station V
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
16 <0.1
5 <0.1
1 <0.1
4 <0.1
Wet Wt. Dry W
1
206.7 8.1
4.1 0.6
0.2 0.0
1.1 0.1
25.2 5.0
1.2 0.0
3.2 0.0
2.4 0.4
0.0 0.0
3.9 0.7
-------
TABLE 29.—Macrobenthic data from station I pn Piceance Creek,
February, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m')
Taxon
Dipt era
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ceratopogonidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elmidae
Limnius
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
Ischnura
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Plesiopora
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Parapholyx
No
2
1
91
72
8
1
17
23
11
1
1
13
12
1
10
39
12
1
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0,1 47.2,
<0.1 56.3
<0.1 51.3
0.3 107.0
0.1 180.9
<0.1 0.9
>
<0.1 27.2
<0.1 27.2
<0.1 122.2
<0.1 34.6
<0.1 0.7'
<0.1
<0.1 19.6
<0.1 0,7
<0.1 14.0
<0,1 31.6
<0.1 76.2
<0.1 1.3
Dry Wt.
(mg)
13,8
4.7
8.5
16.2
32.8
0.1
4.8
5.0
16,3
4.3
0.2
— —
6.6
0.0
2.3
7.5
34.4
0,6
Pelecypoda
Sphaeriidae 1 <0.1 ^.b *•»
67
-------
TABLE 30.—Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek,
February, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Dlptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ephemer op t er a
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Limnius
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Pelecypoda
Sphaeriidae
Plesiopora
No Vol .
(ml)
4 <0.1
21 <0.1
9 <0.1
3 <0.1
2 <0.1
2 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
3 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
73.0
4.5
4.7
2.4
3.1
26.0
0.3
0.6
6.8
7.7
0.6
Dry Wt
(mg)
7.4
1.1
2.0
0.1
0.3
6.1
0.0
0.0
1.9
4.1
0.0
-------
TABLE 31.--Macrobenthic data from stations,,IV and V on Piceance Creek,
February, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Rhynchobdellia
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Parapholyx
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
No Vol.
(ml)
Station IV
32 <0.1
1 <0.1
3 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
Station V
3 <0.1
2 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
9.5
0.9
2.4
10.6
3.7
7.3
0.6
0.8
0.7
Dry Wt.
(mg)
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.2
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Parapholyx
10.9
8.3
-------
TABLE 32.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
March, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulldae
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ephemerella
Ameletus
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Liiraiius
Haliplldae
Maliplus
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
Rhynchobdellida
Plesiopora
No.
2
114
18
2
6
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
58
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0.1 58.1
<0.1 56.7
<0.1 34.5
<0.1 0.3
<0.1 9.0
<0.1 7.4
<0.1 1.2
<0.1 3.6
<0.1 3.2
<0.1 1.5
<0.1 1.8
<0.1 1.9
<0.1 46.7
<0.1 57.2
Dry Wt.
(mg)
5.6
10.3
6.2
0.3
1.4
1.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.7
1.2
1.1
3.6
11.2
TO
-------
TABLE 33.-- Macrobenthic
March, 1969. Based on
Taxon
Dipt era
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Odonata
Gomphidae
Ophiogomphus
Plesiopora
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
Physidae
~D VITTO o
data^from station
4 ft (0.36 in )
No. Vol.
(ml)
9 0.9
15 0.7
139 <0.1
13 <0.1
1 <0.1
44 0.1
93 <0.1
8 <0.1
1 <0.1
66 <0.1
6 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
It, on Piceance Creek,
Wet Wt.
(tag)
744.2
566.8
30.6
38.0
•"—
133.6
93.8
37.4
71.8
28.5
8.6
13.2
1.1
37.1
i
Dry Wt
(tag)
55.6
59.5
5.8
4.2
— —
20.2
15.7
4.0
6.0
6.2
0.0
4.2
0.0
8.3
71
-------
TABLE 34.—Macrobenthic data?from station IV on Piceance Creek,
March 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Caenis
Plesiopora
Rhynchobdellida
Odonata
Gomphidae
Ophiogomphus
Trichoptera
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
No. Vol.
(ml)
6
1
24 <0.1
1 <0.1
25 <0.1
3 <0.1
2 <0.1
17 <0.1
4 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
319.0
50.9
12.2
—
68.3
5.4
1.1
98.3
56.9
11.9
42.8
Dry Wt.
(mg)
16.0
4.8
1.9
—
9.5
0.3
0.0
10.1
4.4
0.0
3.0
Pelecypoda
Phaerlidae 1 <0.1 26.4 12.4
-------
TABLE 35.—Macrobenthic data from station V on Piceance Creek,
March, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon No. Vol. Wet Wt. Dry Wt.
(ml) (mg) (mg)
Diptera
Tipulidae
Erioptera 1 <0.1 1.7 0.2
Chironomidae 26 <0.1 5.3 0.3
Simuliidae 3 <0.1 7.8 0.5
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus 2 <0.1 8.3 0.2
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus 1 <0.1 1.6 0.1
Plesiopora 4 <0.1 13.2 1.5
73
-------
TABLE 36.—Macrobenthic data firotn stations I and II on Piceance Creek,
April, 1969. Based on,4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
No samples collected
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Ephemer op t era
Baetidae
Ephemerella
Ameletus
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Plesiopora
No. Vol.
(ml)
Station I
Station II
9 1.5
4 <0.1
3 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
8 <0.1
80 1.5
Wet Wt.
(mg)
117.1
66.4
16.9
7.8
1.6
49.0
190.4
Dry Wt.
(mg)
5.6
3.6
0.6
0.2
0.0
22.5
17.6
-------
TABLE 37.—Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance Creek,
April, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Chironomidae
Ephydridae
Simuliidae
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Plesiopora
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
No. Vol.
(ml)
Station IV
1 <0.1
15 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
3 <0.1
8 0.5
'"Station V "'-
1 <0.1
2 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
2 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
0.9
27.7
1.1
0.0
9.8
17.5
0.0
5.7
3.7
2.9
1.9
Dry Wt.
(mg)
0.4
4.5
0.4
0.0
0.5
2.4
0.0
0.5
0.7
1.3
0.1
Plesiopora
5.9
0.9
75
-------
TABLE 38.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
May, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Erioptera
Chironomidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
j^meletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Plecoptera
Perlodldae
Isoperla
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elmidae
Limnius
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
No.
1
2
1
26
112
30
11
1
3
1
3
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0.1 7.3
<0.1 7.5
<0.1 3.1
<0.1 13.8
0.2 302.0
0.2 152.2
0.2 180.5
<0.1 20.0
<0.1 4.1
<0.1 2.3
<0.1 25.0
Dry Wt
(mg)
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.8
27.0
15.9
23.6
1.2
0.1
0.0
6.6
Pelecypoda
Shaeriidae
0.5
4.0
1.4
-------
TABLE 39.—Macrobenthic data from stations II and IV on Piceance Creek,
May, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon No. Vol.
(ml)
Station II
Diptera
Chironomidae 2 <0 . 1
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ephemerella 2 <0.1
Ameletus 4 <0.1
Trichoptera
Hydrqpsychidae
Hydropsyche 1 <0 . 1
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus 4 <0.1
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea 1 <0 . 1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
1.4
4.8
8.9
20.7
5.5
30.0
Dry Wt.
(mg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.7
9.5
Station IV
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Chironomidae
1
1
0.1
25.6
3.7
2.4
0.4
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
4.1
0.5
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Hydracarina
3
1
9.5
1.2
1.5
0.8
-------
TABLE 40.—Macrobenthic data from station V on Piceance Creek,
May, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Culicidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
No.
33
4
1
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0.1 34.8
<0.1 2.0
<0.1 2.3
Dry Wt
(mg)
4.9
0.7
0.0
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea 4 <0.1 30.7 12.3
Pelecypoda
Shaeriidae 3 <0.1 4.4 4.4
Plesiopora 1 <0.1 1.0 0.2
78
-------
TABLE 41.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
June, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemeroptera
Hep tag eni ida e
Heptagenia
No. Vol.
(ml)
4 0.2
180 <0.1
16 <0.1
19 <0.1
55 <0.1
23 <0.1
25 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
116.0
36.5
78.5
60.5
130.8
196.2
66.6
Dry Wt.
(mg)
7.0
1.9
3.9
24.1
37.4
8.9
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche 1 <0.1 1.9 1.4
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Agabus 1 <0.1 29.2 6.3
Haliplidae
Haliplus 3 <0.1 0.2 0.0
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea 10 0.6 571.0 206.5
Planorbidae
Gyraulus 32 <0.1 140.7 46.5
Plesiopora 34 <0.1
79
-------
TABLE 42.—Macrobenthic data_from station II on Piceance Creek,
June, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Trichoptera
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Odonata
Aeschnidae
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Rhynchobdellida
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Lara
Haliplidae
Haliplus
No.
9
11
9
102
1000
134
124
14
24
2
2
1
1
18
1
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
8.0 7,597.0
0.6 639.5
0.1 182.8
0.1 1,738.1
2.4 28.4
0.2 816.2
0.2 1,249.7
1.2 1,183.6
1.4 1,099.9
<0.1 130.2
4.0 1,568.3
<0.1 12.1
<0.1 8.7
<0.1 23.2
<0.1 7.6
Dry Wt.
(mg)
563.8
72.3
21.7
278.4
5.0
152.3
230.0
191.2
208.3
22.5
176.3
0.8
0.6
8.2
1.0
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
-------
TABLE 43.— Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance Creek,
June, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
No .
Vol .
(ml)
Wet Wt.
(mg)
Dry Wt.
(mg)
Station IV
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Simuliidae
Chironomidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Heptageniidae
Heptagenia
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Plesiopora
Diptera
Chironomidae
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
Plesiopora
6.0
1 <0.1
1 <0.1
50 <0.1
Station V
1
2
5,677.3
17.3
2.3
80.6
1.4
4.3
4.9
525.6
5
1
232
18
1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
33.6
0.4
47.6
137.8
10.2
6.9
0.2
11.5
22.8
1.1
8.8
0.6
16.5
1.1
0.0
1.6
81
-------
TABLE 44.—Macrobenthic data from stations I and II on Piceance
Creek, July, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Simuliidae
Chironomidae
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Heptageniidae
Heptagenia
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Limnius
Hydracarina
Plesiopora
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Heptageniidae
Heptagenia
No . Vol .
(ml)
Station I
360 0.1
40 <0.1
4 <0.1
116 <0.1
1 <0.1
14 <0.1
3 <0.1
1 <0.1
3 <0.1
Station II
70 <0.1
444 0.3
4 3.0
7 0.8
4 <0.1
100
-------
TABLE 45.—Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance
Creek, July, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Plesiopora
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ceratopogonidae
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Limnephilidae
Hesperphylax
No. Vol.
(ml)
Station IV
3 <0.1
44 <0.1
6 <0.1
28 <0.1
250 <0.1
3 <0.1
1 <0.1
2 <0.1
1 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
15.7
87.5
147.6
29.4
206.4
0.7
0.7
9.9
2.9
Dry Wt.
(mg)
0.3
12.5
20.9
5.2
36.5
0.0
0.0
—
—
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
0.2
Station V
27.3
Improper preserving of sample
83
-------
TABLE 46.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
August, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Haptageniidae
Haptagenia
Diptera
Rhadionidae
Atherlx
Simulildae
Chironomidae
Rhynchobdellida
No.
58
3
5
2
98
2
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0.1 5.3
<0.1 134.9
<0.1 186.2
<0.1
<0.1 32.1
<0.1 82.6
Pulmonata
Planorbldae
Gyraulus 5 <0.1 1.3
-------
TABLE 47-—Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek,
August, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
No,
Vol.
(ml)
Wet Wt.
(mg)
Plesiopora
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Acilius
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elmidae
Limnius
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
10
29
132
1
18
4
6
10
15
206
80
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.2
3.8
4.5
12.2
110.6
4.1
22.4
0.6
411.4
251.3
121.3
123.3
112.4
85
-------
TABLE 48.—Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance
Creek, August, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
No.
Vol.
(ml)
Wet Wt.
(mg)
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
Plesiopora
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
1
15
38
25
Station IV
1.4
33.9
102.2
102.2
Station V
Plesiopora
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Diptera
Ephydridae
Simuliidae
Rhadionidae
Atherix
Chironomidae
2
2
1
1
0.2
10.3
7.8
5.0
1.6
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Limnius
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Odonata
Aeschnidae
40
175.1
79.8
-------
TABLE 49.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
September, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon No. Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
Diptera
Rhagionidae
Atherix 30 0.5 365.3
Simuliidae 2 <0.1 0.2
Chironomidae 38 <0.1 0.5
Plesiopora 46 <0.1 12.8
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae 5 <0.1 1.9
Haliplidae
Haliplus 6 <0.1 1.6
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus 3 <0.1 3.5
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus 80 <0.1 71.2
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche 1 <0-1 °-2
87
-------
TABLE 50.—Macrobenthic data from-station II on Piceance Creek,
September, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplidae
Elmidae
Limnius
Plesiopora
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Simuliidae
Chironomidae
No.
15
7
2
5
30
3
16
5
3
15
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
0.1 42.9
<0.1 3.0
0.1 216.9
<0.1 102.7
<0.1 12.8
0.2 976.0
1.0 801.5
0.1 121.1
<0.1 0.2
<0.1 0.7
Pulmonata
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
0.0
-------
TABLE 51.—Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance
Creek, September, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
No.
Vol.
(ml)
Wet Wt.
(mg)
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Pulmonata
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
2
8
Station IV
0.1
6.2
0.0
Station V
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Plesiopora
1
5
0.0
0.1
-------
TABLE 52.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
October, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0,19 m )
Taxon No. Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche 1 <0.1 0.3
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus 5 <0.1 1.2
Ephemerella 3 <0.1 0.8
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula 1 0.5 101.0
Rhagionidae
Atherix 17 0.5 97.5
Chironomidae 7 0.1 0.0
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus 8 <0.1 5.9
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella 3 <0.1 1.0
Plesiopora 19 <0.1 5.9
90
-------
TABLE 53.—Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek,
October, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19 m )
Taxon
No.
Vol.
(ml)
Wet Wt.
(mg)
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Llmnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Simuliidae
Chironomidae
42
4
3
3
15
1
25
0.5
0.0
0.5
50.7
0.9
0.2
1,487.4
96.4
179.8
0.0
0.5
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemeralla
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elmidae
Plesiopora
15
3
10
5
6
1.0
0.3
14.5
1.7
91
-------
TABLE 54.—Macrobenthic data from stations IV and V on Piceance
Creek, October, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19 m )
Taxon No. Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
Station IV
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus 2 <0.1 0.1
Ephemerella 3 <0.1 0.2
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla 1 <0.1 0.6
Odonata
Aeschnidae 1 <0.1 486.6
Plesiopora 15 <0.1 2.2
Station V
No organisms collected in samples
92
-------
TABLE 55.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
November, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19 m )
Taxon
No,
Vol.
(ml)
Wet Wt.
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
9
60
274
0.6
0.2
0.5
294.5
219.8
269.6
432.8
Trichoptera
Hychopsychidae
Hydropsyche
47
672.4
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
0.8
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
31
65
10.5
44.1
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Pleslopora
1
6
0.6
0.8
93
-------
TABLE 56.—Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek,
November, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19 m )
Taxon
Trichoptera
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Diptera
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Elm id a e
No.
5
60
1
11
3
4
15
29
1
120
15
6
4
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0.1 11.0
1.5 951.7
<0.1 1.0
0.5 271.4
0.7 464.3
0.5 221.9
<0.1 1.1
<0.1 1.6
<0.1 0.7
0.2 88.2
<0.1 0.1
0.2 16.9
<0.1 4.1
Plesiopora
1.8
-------
TABLE 57.—Macrobenthic data from stations IV and^V on Piceance
Creek, November, 1969. Based on 2 ft (0.19 m )
Taxon
Plesiopora
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Rhagionidae
Atherix
Chironomidae
No. Vol.
(ml)
Station IV
7 <0.1
1 <0.1
1 0.2
1 <0.1
2 <0.1
Wet Wt.
(mg)
0.0
2.5
86.4
0.4
0.0
Trichoptera
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
<0.1
0.9
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
<0.1
0.6
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
0.0
Pulmonata
Piano rbidae
Station V
Diptera
Simuliidae
Chironomidae
4
2
0.9
0.1
Odonata
Aeschnidae
0.2
2.6
95
-------
TABLE 58.—Macrobenthic data from station I on Piceance Creek,
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon No. Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
Diptera
Rhagionidae
Atherix 4 <0.1 42.5
Simuliidae 408 <0.1 260.6
Chironomidae 99 <0.1 211.9
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus 75 <0.1 32.4
EPhemerella 15 <0.1 3.5
Heptageniidae
Heptagenia 1 <0.1 0.7
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla 2 <0.1 2.0
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche 17 <0.1 145.8
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella 1 <0.1 0.0
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Acilius 1 <0.1 1.0
Haliplidae
Haliplus 2 <0.1 2.7
-------
TABLE 59.—Macrobenthic data from station II on Piceance Creek,
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Tipulidae
Tipula.
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Ephemerella
Heptagenidae
Heptagenia
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Limnephllidae
Hesperophylax
No.
59
60
1
124
84
1
92
28
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
<0.1 28.8
<0.1 12.1
<0.1 26.8
<0.1 106.9
<0.1 48.5
<0.1 0.0
3.0 137.1
1.0 139.2
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Ac11ius
Haliplidae
Haliplus
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella^
8
6
6.9
7.9
20.8
0.0
91
-------
TABLE 60.—Macrobenthic data from station IV on Piceance Creek,
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula
Chironomidae
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Ameletus
Heptageniidae
Heptagenia
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Trichoptera
Hydropsychiidae
Hydropsyche
Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Plesiopora
Rhynchobdellida
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Hyalella
No.
5
1
3
1
12
2
1
15
1
1
Vol. Wet Wt.
(ml) (mg)
0.4 216.3
<0.1 0.0
<0.1 0.0
0.2 82.1
0.1 45.2
<0.1 0.0
<0.1 5.0
<0.1 0.0
<0.1 0.0
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Haliplus 1 <0.1 0.0
-------
TABLE 61.—Macrobenthic data from station Y on Piceance Creek,
December, 1969. Based on 4 ft (0.36 m )
Taxon
No
Vol.
(ml)
Wet Wt.
(mg)
Trichoptera
Hydropsychiidae
Hydropsyche
Odonata
Aeschridae
46.6
166.7
Diptera
Chironomidae
Simuliidae
4
1
0.0
0.0
-------
TABLE 62.—:Fish sampled from Piceance Creek
Specific Name
Catostomus latipinnis
Catostomus platyrhynchus
Cottus bairdi
Gila elegans
Ictalurus melas
Notropis lutrensis
Prosopium williamsoni
Rhinichthys osculus
Salmo gairdneri
Salvelinus fontinalis
Common Name
Flannelmouth sucker
Mountain sucker
Mottled sculpin
Bonytail chub
Black bullhead
Red shiner
Mountain whitefish
Speckled dace
Rainbow trout
Brook trout
100
-------
TABLE 63.—Physical data collected at station VI on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
o
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
59
52
28
40
36
38
48
—
68
89
85
76
49
52
12
Water
Temperature
(C)
12
7
0
0
0
1
5
5
15
21
20
17
8
4
0
Specific
Conductance
(y mho cm )
700
665
700
650
585
658
450
—
479
498
650
550
512
490
465
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
32
<25
<25
<25
<25
Discharge
(cfs)
335
383
394
353
294
356
769
2,024
1,224
644
423
420
—
—
__
-------
TABLE 64.—Physical data collected at station VII on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
H
o March
April
May
June
July
Augus t
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(f)
65
46
24
36
36
36
42
—
67
86
86
75
45
52
12
Water
Temperature
(C)
11
7
0
0
0
1
5
5
15
22
20
17
8
4
0
Specific
Conductance
(y mho cm )
748
710
750
715
550
720
450
—
480
520
700
605
590
590
520
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
45
<25
<25
<25
<25
-------
TABLE 65.—Physical data collected from station VIII on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January
February
March
o April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
75
32
28
32
34
35
42
—
68
83
70
74
44
46
12
Water
Temperature
(C)
12
4
0
0
0
0
5
5
15
24
21
20
8
4
0
Specific
Conductance
(p mho cm )
700
710
760
750
650
690
500
—
485
510
800
610
600
620
522
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
105
<25
<25
<25
<25
-------
List of Abbreviations and Their Meanings
DO - Dissolved Oxygen concentration (mg/1)
pH - Hydrogen ion concentration
phth - phenophthalein alkalinity (mg/1 CaCO )
TA - Total Alkalinity (mg/1 CaCO-)
FS - Filtrable Solids (mg/1)
NFS - Nonfiltrable Solids (mg/1)
TR - Total Residue (mg/1)
SS - Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Ca - Calcium (mg/1)
Mg - Magnesium (mg/1)
Na - Sodium (mg/1)
K - Potassium (mg/1)
Cl - Chloride (mg/1)
S04 - Sulfate (mg/1)
Si02 - Silica (mg/1)
N03 - Nitrate (mg/1)
10k
-------
TABLE 66.—Chemical data from station VI on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
H March
o
vn
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DO
9.9
9.9
11.7
5.9
10.8
11.9
11.0
8.8
8.6
7.8
7.2
9.4
10.4
11.0
12.0
PH
8.3
8.2
8.0
7.8
8.1
8.2
7.5
7.6
8.3
8.1
8.0
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.0
phth
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
TA
164.0
160.0
144.0
140.0
74.0
132.0
106.0
182.0
152.0
152.0
190.0
176.0
144.0
140.0
152.0
FS
396.0
362.0
384.0
394.0
364.0
388.0
204.0
178.0
300.0
338.0
444.0
426.0
384.0
350.0
320.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
—
4.0
316.0
222.0
54.0
14.0
304.0
12.0
234.0
12.0
38.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
392.0
52.0
400.0
354.0
352.0
748.0
438.0
618.0
362.0
358.0
SS
—
—
—
—
—
__
—
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
TABLE 67.—Chemical data from station VI on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
H April
o
o\
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ca
84
77
-
73
77
84
37
37
63
67
81
76
63
64
60
.1
.9
-
.8
.0
.6
.9
.1
.8
.8
.3
.9
.0
.1
.9
Mg
21.
18.
—
18.
17.
18.
8.
8.
17.
18.
24.
21.
17.
17.
16.
2
9
5
8
4
8
0
0
8
0
6
9
9
9
Na
3.0
29.2
—
31.5
28.8
28.1
16.4
13.6
17,2
72.2
30.3
25.6
26.9
24.7
28.3
K
1.8
2.0
—
3.2
2.1
2.2
0.8
0.9
1.5
1.3
3.9
0.5
4.4
4.2
5.0
Cl
12.3
11.3
13.8
15.5
14.5
12.0
5.3
3.8
19.8
12.8
19.5
18.5
17.3
17.0
20.5
so4
98.
22.
141.
149.
123.
170.
51.
116.
83.
108.
124.
130.
115.
110.
118.
2
9
0
8
0
0
6
0
9
4
3
9
2
0
9
Sio2
18.0
15.5
15.2
15.4
14.5
15.0
14.5
12.0
15.5
15.5
21.0
13.5
22.5
14.5
18.5
»3
0.0
0.5
0.4
6.5
0.9
0.2
1.4
1.0
0.2
0.2
1.2
0.6
0.3
1.2
0.2
-------
TABLE 68.—Chemical data from station VII on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
H
O
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DO
9.8
10.2
12.3
6.2
10.5
11.3
10.1
8.6
8.7
7.8
6.6
9.2
10.4
11.8
12.0
PH
8.4
8.4
8.2
7.8
8.1
8.2
7.4
7.7
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.1
phth
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
TA
198.0
178.0
344.0
180.0
166.0
183.0
120.0
154.0
154.0
166.0
210.0
196.0
172.0
178.0
204.0
FS
432.0
444.0
460.0
448.0
374.0
440.0
193.0
210.0
300.0
356.0
475.0
447.0
430.0
402.0
356.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
27.0
1,117.0
80.0
47.0
44.0
1,044.0
38.0
81.0
35.0
12.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
467.0
1,310.0
290.0
384.0
400.0
1,519.0
485.0
511.0
437.0
368.0
SS
—
—
—
--
.—
—
0.1
0.1
2.5
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
-------
TABLE 69.—Chemical data from station VII on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
H
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
Augus t
September
October
November
December
Ca
80.
77.
—
76.
76.
80.
40.
41.
59.
68.
77.
76.
62.
47.
66.
4
6
7
8
3
8
9
9
9
5
1
7
3
4
Mg
23.5
21.8
—
21.6
19.9
22.4
10.7
9.6
18.8
19.5
26.4
24.6
20.3
21.1
21.5
Na
5
51
—
51
46
59
22
19
25
29
80
118
33
43
50
.0
.1
.9
.3
.6
.6
.0
.8
.1
.2
.2
.8
.4
.8
K
3.1
2.4
—
4.0
2.6
2.9
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.4
0.8
0.5
4.5
4.9
4.5
Cl
14.2
15.6
17.7
17.5
16.0
19.5
6.3
4.8
10.0
13.4
22.0
20.0
19.3
19.5
22.0
so4
128
148
158
154
116
188
52
132
98
109
145
142
135
143
174
.1
.4
.6
.4
.8
.0
.9
.5
.2
.5
.1
.9
.4
.2
.6
Si02
20.0
16.4
17.1
15.5
14.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
14.5
18.0
18.0
13.5
27.0
13.5
21.0
N03
0.3
0.5
0.4
1.1
0.9
0.2
1.6
1.2
0.2
0.3
1.0
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.1
-------
TABLE 70.—Chemical data from station VIII on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
o
MD
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DO
9.8
9.7
11.8
6.3
10.9
10.5
9.0
8.6
8.1
7.8
5.6
9.0
10.0
11.2
11.8
pH
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
8.3
8.2
7.5
7.8
8.2
8.4
8.1
8.3
8.2
8.3
8.2
phth
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
2.0
22.0
4.0
4.0
12.0
TA
200.0
185.0
95.0
182.0
210.0
70.0
124.0
156.0
156.0
156.0
240.0
190.0
178.0
188.0
206.0
FS
482.0
312.0
488.0
482.0
534.0
450.0
209.0
234.0
336.0
344.0
572.0
436.0
442.0
417.0
354.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
—
—
891.0
298.0
60.0
10.0
3,989.0
54.0
97.0
26.0
20.0
TR
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,100.0
532.0
396.0
354.0
4,561.0
490.0
539.0
443.0
374.0
SS
—
—
—
—
—
0.1
1.2
0.6
0.1
0.1
18.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
-------
TABLE 71.—Chemical data from station VIII on White River from September, 1968 to December, 1969
o
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ca
82
77
—
70
90
80
36
40
60
62
83
76
76
62
37
.7
.4
.3
.1
.9
.4
.8
.3
.5
.7
.4
.2
.4
.7
Mg
24.2
21.8
—
28.9
24.8
21.4
9.7
9.8
18.9
18.6
27.9
25.7
21.2
21.4
12.9
Na
5
55
—
58
63
52
21
21
27
28
101
61
3
46
25
.3
.7
.2
.8
.9
.7
.0
.9
.8
.4
.4
.9
.4
.5
K
3.1
3.6
—
4.6
3.5
2.6
4.1
1.1
1.5
1.3
0.6
0.7
5.3
4.9
3.7
Cl
15.6
16.7
20.6
18.0
23.0
19.5
6.8
5.3
12.0
14.5
23.0
20.7
25.0
20.0
22.0
S°4
98
146
161
165
186
184
,54
177
101
109
179
142
130
128
129
.2
.8
.9
.9
.8
.0
.6
.5
.2
.7
.1
.9
.6
.1
.0
Si02
19.5
16.4
16.9
15.8
17.5
15.5
14.5
13.0
15.5
15.5
18.0
13.5
22.5
13.5
23.5
NO,
0.3
05
6.7
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.5
0.9
0.2
0.2
1.3
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.2
-------
TABLE 72.—Aquatic invertebrates recorded from White River.
ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA
(Mayflies)
Family Baetidae
Ephemerella
Ameletus
Bactis
ORDER DIPTERA
(Flies)
Family Tipulidae
Tipula
Hexatoma
Family Tetanoceridae
Family Ephydridae
Family Chironomidae
Family Simuliidae
Family Anthomyiidae
Family Ceratopogonidae
Family Rhadionidae
Atherix
ORDER TRICHOPTERA
(Caddis flies)
Family Limnephilidae
Hesperophylax
Family Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Family Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila
ORDER PLECOPTERA
(stone flies)
Family Perlodidae
Isoperla
Family Taeniopterygidae
Brachyptera
ORDER COLEOPTERA
Family Halipidae
Ha11pus
Brychius
Family Elmidae
Limnius
Lara
Family Dytiscidae
Hydrovatus
ORDER PLESIOPORA
Family Tubificidae
SUBORDER ODONATA
Family Aeschnidae
Family Coenagrionidae
Ischnura
Family Gomphidae
Ophiogomphus
ORDER AMPHIPODA
Family Talitridae
Hyalella
ORDER PULMONATA
Family Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Paraphalyx
Family Lymnaeidae
Lymnea
ORDER HIRUDINEA
Family Rhynochobdellida
111
-------
TABLE 73.—Fish sampled from White River.
Specific Name
Common Name
Catostomus latipinnis
Catostomus platyrhynchus
Cottus bairdi
Gila elegans
Ictalurus melas
Ictalurus punctatus
Notropis lutrensis
Prosopium williamsoni
Ptychocheilus lucius
Rhinichthys osculus
Salmo trutta
Salmo gairdneri
Flannelmouth sucker
Mountain sucker
Mottled sculpin
Bonytail chub
Black bullhead
Channel catfish
Red shiner
Mountain whitefish
Colorado squawfish
Speckled dace
Brown trout
Rainbow trout
112
-------
TABLE 74.—Physical data collection at station IX on Yellow Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
u>
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Air
Temperature
(F)
73
44
14
29
32
32
42
—
68
83
87
72
44
45
16
Water
Temperature
(C)
19
2
0
0
0
0
—
24
19
30
31
24
11
6
0
Specific
Conductance..
(y mho cm )
3,400+
3,400+
3,400+
3,400+
3,400+
3,400+
3,400+
—
3,550
3,850
3,000
3,650
3,500
3,220
3,040
Turbidity
(JTU)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
<25
<25
<25
<25
30
<25
-------
List of Abbreviations and Their Meanings
DO - Dissolved Oxygen concentration (mg/1)
pH - Hydrogen ion concentration
phth - phenophthalein alkalinity (mg/1 CaCO_)
TA - Total Alkalinity (mg/1 CaC03)
FS - Filtrable Solids (mg/1)
NFS - Nonfiltrable Solids (mg/1)
TR - Total Residue (mg/1)
SS - Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Ca - Calcium (mg/1)
Mg - Magnesium (mg/1)
Na - Sodium (mg/1)
K - Potassium mg/1)
Cl - Chloride (mg/1)
S04 - Sulfate (mg/1)
Si02 - Silica (mg/1)
N03 - Nitrate (mg/1)
-------
TABLE 75.—Chemical data from station IX on Yellow Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
H
vn
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DO
8.8
11.7
11.4
6.9
11.6
10.6
8.2
7.2
9.3
7.6
7.0
6.8
10.5
9.6
12.0
PH
8.7
8.5
8.3
8.3
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.6
8.8
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.5
8.4
phth
141.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
15.0
64.0
176.0
152.0
152.0
264.0
128.0
240.0
174.0
100.0
112.0
TA
1,948.0
1,847.0
1,544.0
1,520.0
912.0
1,108.0
1,420.0
1,464.0
1,464.0
1,600.0
1,052.0
1,888.0
1,616,0
1,464.0
1,716.0
FS
2,816.0
2,780.0
2,838.0
3,092.0
2,648.0
2,312.0
2,556.0
2,370.0
2,914.0
3,178.0
2,446.0
3,043.0
2,860.0
2,600.0
3,016.0
NFS
—
—
—
—
—
48.0
1,644.0
678.0
146.0
70.0
144.0
152.0
115.0
512.0
60.0
TR
—
.
—
—
—
2,360.0
4,200.0
3,048.0
3,060.0
3,248.0
2,590.0
3,195.0
2,975.0
3,112.0
3,076.0
SS
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
-------
TABLE 76.—Chemical data from station IX on Yellow Creek from September, 1968 to December, 1969
Month
September (1968)
November
December
January (1969)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ca
28.4
40.5
—
25.6
41.1
37.2
31.0
24.0
30.0
41.0
31.0
22.0
28.0
42.3
15.7
Mg
43.2
43.4
—
43.5
43.4
43.4
115.0
145.0
121.8
117.0
117.6
111.7
93.2
142.8
50.5
Na
947.0
855.0
—
929.0
883.0
683.0
—
934.0
1,208.0
1,643.0
3,711.0
1,098.0
632.0
676.0
303.0
K
8.4
7.3
—
7.6
7.9
7.3
2.5
5.3
5.2
5.5
1.4
2.4
7.4
10.4
5.1
Cl
174.3
134.2
152.2
150.0
—
75.9
110.8
106.4
139.8
169.8
90.0
164.0
135.8
101.5
153.5
so4
—
405.9
505.3
—
—
892.0
553.8
570.0
660.9
667.3
670.7
501.2
653.5
603.3
665.5
Si02
9.0
14.5
19.5
12.2
11.4
14.5
14.0
23.0
6.1
4.7
9.7
3.2
6.0
8.2
10.0
N03
0.5
2.5
—
—
—
—
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.4
1.0
0.5
0.5
1.2
3.6
-------
TABLE 77-—Aquatic invertebrates recorded from Yellow Creek
ORDER DIPTERA
(flies)
Family Tipulidae
Tipulae
Hexatoma
Family Tetanoceridae
Family Ephydridae
Family Chironomidae
Family Simuliidae
Family Anthornyiidae
Family Ceratopogonidae
Family Rhagionidae
Atherix
ORDER COLEOPTERA
Family Halipidae
Halipus
Brychius
Family Elmidae
Limnius
Lara
Family Dytiscidae
Hydrovatus
ORDER PLESIOPORA
Family Tubificidae
SUBORDER ODONATA
Family Aeschnidae
Family Coenagrionidae
Ischnura
Family Gomphidae
Ophiogomphus
ORDER AMPHIPODA
Family Talitridae
Hyalella
ORDER PULMONATA
Family Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Paraphalyx
Family Lymnaeidae
Lymnea
ORDER HIRUDINEA
Family Rhynochobdellida
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-514-154/265
117
-------
1
Accession Number
w
5
2
Subject Field & Group
O5C
SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
Organization
Denflvfmpnt r>f Fis'hp'Txr anrl WilHlifp Rinloo-v
Colorado State University
Fort Colllins, Colorado 80521
Title
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL VARIATIONS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS:
Biota and Chemistry of Piceance Creek
10
Authors)
Everhart, W
May, Bruce
. Harr^ and
E.
16
21
Project Designation
EPA WQO
18050-1DYC
Note
22
Citation
Environmental Protection Agency report
number, EPA-R3-73-011a, February 1973.
23
Descriptors (Starred First)
*Aquatic Insects, oligochaetes, gastropods, amphipods, leeches,
*water properties
25
Identifiers (Starred First)
*Stream fauna, *water chemistry, * Colorado oil shale
27
Abstract
Sampling a small stream in the rich oil shale country of northwestern
Colorado confirmed distinct seasonal trends and habitat preference in
invertebrate populations. Discharge was a major influence on invertebrates
and chemical composition of the stream. Seasonal variations, biomass, and
species composition of invertebrates appear characteristic of oil shale area
streams.
Abstractor
W. Harry Everhart
Institution
Cornell University
WR. 102 (REV. JULY 1969)
//RSI C
SEND, WITH COPY OF DOCUMENT, TO: WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20240
------- |