PUBLICATIONS
M1BK ASSESSMENT
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Cincinnati, Ohio
January, 1993
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS ON RISK ASSESSMENT - ENVIRONMENTAL
CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE - CINCINNATI
Summary iii
Publications arranged by author 1-11
Publications arranged by category 12-22
Cancer Risk Assessment 12
Noncancer Risk Assessment 12-14
Mixtures Risk Assessment 14-17
Chemical-specific Risk Assessment 17-19
General Risk Assessment 19-22
Symposia 23-24
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SUMMARY
The Selected Publications on Risk Assessment is a compilation of the published works
of the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office - Cincinnati scientific staff, this
report is arranged into two sections, the first by author and the second by category (i.e.
Cancer Risk Assessment, Noncancer Risk Assessment). These sections are followed by
a listing of symposia at which ECAO staff presented papers on risk assessment.
Currently, there are 149 citations in this listing. Of the 149 citations, 56 are journal
articles; 13 are chapters in books; 38 are papers presented at symposia; 39 are EPA
reports; and 3 are papers submitted for publication.
CONTACT; Erma Durden, Writer-Editor
U.S.Environmental ProtectionAgency
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
26 W. Martin L King Dr.
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513)569-7570
iii
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS ON RISK ASSESSMENT
(by Author)
BARNES, D.G. and M.DOURSON. 1988.
Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in
health risk assessment. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 8:
471-486.
BELCHER, G.D., C.C. TRAVIS and R.F. BRU-
INS. 1991. The food chain as a source of
human exposure from municipal waste com-
bustion: an uncertainty analysis. In: Munici-
pal Waste Incineration Risk Assessment. C.C.
Travis, ed. Plenum Press, NY.
BROWN, K.G. and L.S. ERDREICH. 1989.
Statistical uncertainty in the no-observed-ad-
verse-effect level. Fund. Appl. Tox. 13:235-
244.
BRUINS, R.J.B., L. FRADKIN and J. STARA.
1987. Summary of risk assessment method-
ology for municipal sludge reuse or disposal
options. Proc. National Conference on Mu-
nicipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Man-
agement, Boston, MA, May27-29. Hazardous
Material Control Research lnst.,SilverSprings,
MD. p. 21-24.
CHANEY, R., R. BRUINS, D. BAKER, R.
KORCAK, J. SMITH and D. COLE. 1987.
Transfer of sludge-applied trace elements to
the food chain, in: Land Application of Sludge,
A.L. Page, T.J. Logan and J.A. Ryan, ed.
Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Ml. p. 67-99.
CHOUDHURY, H., J. COLEMAN, C.T.
DeROSA, and J.F. STARA. 1987. Penta-
chlorophenol: Health and Environmental Ef-
fects Profile. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 2(4): 483-571.
CHOUDHURY, H., J. COLEMAN, C.T.
DeROSA, and J.F. STARA. 1987. Health
and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pentachloronitrobenzene. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 3(1):
5-69.
CLEVENGER, M.A., R.M. PUTZRATH, S.L.
BROWN, M.E. GINEVAN, C.T. DeROSA and
M.M. MUMTAZ. 1991. Risk assessment of
mixtures: A model based on mechanisms of
action and interaction. In: Advances in Risk
Anaylsis. Vol.8, Risk Analysis: Prospectsand
Opportunity. C. Zeros, ed. Proceedings of the
Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analy-
sis. Held Oct. 30-Nov. 2,1988, Washington,
DC. Plenum Press, New York.
CLEVERLY, D., R. KELLAM, R. MORRISON,
L. FRADKIN, R. BRUINS, P. McGINNIS and
N. POSSIEL. 1987. Methodology for the
assessment of health risks associated with
multiple pathway exposure to municipal waste
combustor emissions. Presented at the 80th
Ann. Air Pollution Control Assoc. Conf., New
York, June 21-26.
CLEVERLY, D.H., C.C. TRAVIS and G.E.
RICE. 1992. The analysis of indirect expo-
sure to toxic air pollutants emitted from station-
ary combustion sources: a case study. Pre-
sented at the 85th Annual Meeting of the Air &
Waste Management Association, June 21 -26,
1992, Kansas City, MO.
CRUMPLER, E.P. and L. FRADKIN. 1987.
Risk assessment in development of municipal
sludge incineration regulations under 405(d)
of the Clean Water Act. Proceedings National
Conference on Municipal Sewage Treatment
Plant Sludge Management, Boston, MA, May
27-29. Hazardous Material Control Research
Inst., Silver Springs, MD. p. 30-35.
DAWSON, G.W., C.J. ENGLISH and L.
FRADKIN. 1988. The regulation of sludge
disposal through application of risk assess-
ment techniques. Presented at the U.S. EPA/
ASTM Symp. Chemical and Biological
CharacterizationofMunicipal
Sludges,Sediments,Dredge Spoils and Drill-
ing Muds, Cincinnati, OH, May 20-22.
1
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DeROSA, C.T., H. CHOUDHURY and W.B.
PEIRANO. 1991. An integrated expsoure
and pharmacokinetic based approach to the
assessment of complex exposures lead: a
case study. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 7(4): 321-248.
DeROSA, C.T., M.L. DOURSON and R.
OSBORNE. 1989. Risk assessment initiative
for noncancer endpoints: Implications for risk
characterizations of chemical mixtures. Tox.
Ind. Hlth. 5(5): 805-824.
DeROSA, C.T., J. STARA and P. DURKIN.
1985. Ranking chemicals based on toxicity
data. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 1:177-199.
DOURSON, M.L. 1984. Toxicity-based meth-
odology, thresholds and possible approaches,
and uncertainty factors. Jn: Approaches to
risk assessment for multiple chemical expo-
sures. EPA600/9-84-008. p. 2-42.
DOURSON, M.L. 1984. Health risk assess-
ment for less-than-lifetime chemical exposure.
In: Selected Approaches to Risk Assessment
for Multiple Chemical Exposures: Progress
Report on Guideline Development at ECAO-
Cin., J.F. Stara and L.S. Erdreich, Ed. U.S.
EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84/014a. p.
9-15.
DOURSON, M.L. 1986. New approaches in
the derivation of the acceptable daily intake
(ADI). Comments Toxicol. 1: 35-48.
DOURSON, M.L. 1991. Overview of EPA's
quantitative noncancer guidelines. Air and
Waste Management Association. For Pre-
sentation at the 84th Annual Meeting & Exhi-
bition Vancouver, British Columbia, June 16-
21,1991.
DOURSON, M.L. and J.M. BAXTER. 1981.
Reduced incidence and growth rate of ure-
thane induced lung adenomas in aging adult
strain A mice. Toxicology. 20:161-178.
DOURSON, M.L. and J.M. CLARK. 1990.
Fish consumption advisories: Toward a uni-
fied, scientifically credible approach. Reg.
Tox. Pharm. 12:165-172.
DOURSON, M.L. and C.T. DeROSA. 1991.
The use of uncertainty factors in establishing
safe levels of exposure, in: Statistics in
Toxicology. Ed., D. Kreski and C. Franklin.
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New
York, NY.
DOURSON, M.L., R. HERTZBERG, R.
HARTUNG and K. BLACKBURN. 1985.
Novel methods for the estimation of accept-
able daily intake. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 1(4):23-33.
DOURSON, M.L., R.C. HERTZBERG and
J.F. STARA. 1986. Letters to the Editor.
Fund. Appl. Tox. 6:182-184.
DOURSON, M.L. and W. L. JORDAN. 1989.
How "safe" is ground water Americans drink?
GWMR. Fall: 73-74.
DOURSON, M.L., L. KNAUF and J.
SWARTOUT. 1991. On reference dose (RfD)
and its underlying toxicity data base. Tox. Ind.
Hlth. 8(3): 171-189.
DOURSON, M.L. and E.J. O'FLAHERTY.
1982. Relationship of lung adenoma preva-
lence and growth rate to acute urethane dose
and target cell number. J. Nat. Can. Inst.
69(4): 851-857.
DOURSON, M.L. and J. STARA. 1983. Regu-
latory history and experimental support of un-
certainty (safety) factors. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 3:
224-238.
DOURSON, M.L., B. STERN, S. GRIFFIN,
and K. BAILEY. 1991. Impact of risk-related
concerns on U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Prog rams. In: Nitrate Contamination:
Exposure, Consequence and Control. I.
Bogardi and P.O. Kuzella, ed. NATO ASI
Series. Series G: Ecological Sciences, Vol.
30.
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DU, J.T., S.F. VELAZQUEZ and C. SONICH-
MULLIN. 1991. Risk assessment of manga-
nese (Mn) in drinking water. The 1991 Annual
Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. Held at
Loews Anatole Hotel, Dallas, Texas, February
25-March 1,1991.
ERDREICH, L.S. 1983. Comparing
epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos
for use in risk assessment. Env. Hlth. Persp.
43:99-104.
ERDREICH, L.S. 1988. Combining animal
and human studies. Resolving conflicts, sum-
marizing the evidence. IQ: Epidemiology and
Health Risk Assessment, L.Gordia, ed. Ox-
ford University Press.
ERDREICH, L.S. 1985. Epidemiologic data
for health risk assessment. Am. J. Epidem.
122(3): 551 (abstract).
ERDREICH, L.S. and C. BURNETT. 1985.
Improving the use of epidemiologic data in
health risk assessment. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 1:65-
81.
ERDREICH, L.S. and E. LEE. 1981. Use of
relative operating characteristic analysis in
epidemiology. Am. J. Epidem. 114(5): 649-
662.
ERDREICH, L.S. and C. SON1CH-MULLIN.
1984. Hypersusceptible subgroups of the
population in multiple chemical risk assess-
ment. IQ: Approaches to Risk Assessment of
Multiple Chemical Exposures, J.F. Stara and
LS. Erdreich, Ed., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH.
EPA 600/9-84-008.
ERDREICH, L.S. and C. SONICH-MULLIN.
1984. Health assessment of exposures to
chemical mixtures: Subpopulations at Greater
Risk. IQ: Approaches to Risk Assessment for
Multiple Chemical Exposures. EPA 600/9-84-
008.
FARLAND, W. and M.L. DOURSON. 1992.
Noncancer Health Endpoints: Approaches to
quantitative risk assessment, (in press)
FARREN, B. and R. HERTZBERG. 1986.
The STARAToxicity Data Base. Environmen-
tal Research Brief. U.S. EPA. Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. EPA600/M-86-016.
FAROOQUI, M.Y.H. and M.M. MUMTAZ.
1990. Toxicology of methacrylonitrile. Toxi-
cology 65: 239-250.
FAROOQUI, M.Y.H., MM. MUMTAZ, B.I.
GHANAYEM and A.E. AHMED. 1990. He-
moglobin degradation lipid peroxidation, and
inhibition of Na/K+-ATPase in rat erythrocytes
exposed to acrylonitrile. J. Bio. Tox. 5(4): 221 -
227.
FRADKIN, L, R. BRUINS, S. LUTKENHOFF,
J. STARA, E. LOMNITZand A. RUBIN. 1987.
Screening methodology for assessing poten-
tial health effects from municipal sludge incin-
erators. J. Air Poll. Con. Assoc. 37:395-399.
FRADKIN, L, R. BRUINS, B. PEIRANO,
S.LUTKENHOFF, J. STARA, G. DAWSON
and J. ENGLISH. 1986. Risk assessment
methodology for determining groundwater
contamination from landfilling sludge. IQ: Proc.
American Society of Civil Engineers s(ASCE)
Environmental Engineering Conf., Cincinnati,
OH, July 8-10,1986.
FRADKIN, L., C. GERBA, S. GOYAL, P.
SCARPINO, R. BRUINSand J. STARA. 1989.
Potential public health concerns from patho-
gens in municipal wastewater sludge. J. Env.
Hlth. 51 (3): 148-152.
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FRADKIN, L., T. HARTLAGE, R. HARLESS,
J. WALLINGS and D. CLEVERLY. 1988.
Multimedia, multipollutant field study to estab-
lish levels of toxic contaminants in air, soil,
sediment, waterand agricultural products from
a model municipal waste combustor. Pre-
sented at the 1988 EPA/APCA Symposium on
Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollut-
ants, Raleigh, NC. May 1-4,1988.
FRADKIN, L, N. KOWALand P. SCARPING.
1987. Multi-media microbiological risk as-
sessment methodology for municipal waste-
water sludges. Proc. National Conference on
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge
Management. Boston, MA, May 27-29. Haz-
ardous Material Control Research Inst., Silver
Springs, MD. p.25-29.
FRADKIN, L., S. LUTKENHOFF, J. STARA,
E. LOMNITZand B. CORNABY. 1985. Fea-
sibility for performing and risk assessment on
pathogens. J. Water Poll. Con. Fed. 57:1183-
1188.
GHANAYEM, B., M.Y.H. FAROOQUI, O.
ELSHABRAWY, M. M. MUMTAZ and A.E.
AHMED. 1991. Assessment of the acute
acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Neurotox. and Terat. 13: 499-502.
GREIFE, A, R. SCHOENY and D.
WARSHAWSKY. 1986. Alveolar macroph-
age metabolism of benzo-a-pyrene in the pres-
ence of the cocarcinogen ferric oxide. Sev-
enty-seventh Annual Meeting of the American
Association for Cancer Research, Los Ange-
les, Calif., USA< May 7-10, 1986. Proc.
Am.Assoc. Cancer Res. Annu. Meet. 27(0):
118.
GREIFE, A., R. SCHOENY and D.
WARSHAWSKY. 1988. Effect of the
cocarcinogen ferric oxide on benzo(a)pyrene
metabolism by hamster alveolar macrophages.
In: Polynuclear Aromattic Hydrocarbons: A
Decade of Progress. M.Cooke and A. J.
Dennis.ed. Tenth International Syposium,
Battelle Press, Columbus, OH., pp. 317-327.
GUTH, D.J., A.M. JARABEK, L. WYMER,
R.C. HERTZBERG. 1991. Evaluation of risk
assessment methods for short-term inhalation
exposure. Presentation at the 84th Annual
Meeting of the Air & Waste Management As-
sociation, June 16-21,1991, Vancouver, Brit-
ish Columbia.
HATTIS, D., L ERDREICH and M. BALLEW.
1987. Human variability in susceptibility to
toxic chemicals - a preliminary analysis of
pharmacokinetic data from normal volunteers.
Risk Analysis. 7(4): 415-424.
HERTZBERG, R.C. 1984. Use and biological
justification of mathematical models, la: Se-
lected Approaches to Risk Assessment for
Multiple Chemical Exposures: Progress Re-
port on Guideline Development at ECAO-Cin,
J.F. Stara and LS. Erdreich, Ed., U.S. EPA,
Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84-014a.
HERTZBERG, R.C. 1984. Risk assessment
for less-than-lifetime exposure. In: Selected
Approaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple
Chemical Exposures: Progress Report on
Guideline Development at ECAO-Cin, J.F.
Stara and LS. Erdreich, Ed., U.S. EPA, Cin-
cinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84-008.
HERTZBERG, R.C. 1988. Studies on toxicity
applicable to risk assessment (STARA) user's
guide. Quantitative toxicity data and graphics
on environmental chemicals. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. EPA,
Cincinnati, OH. February, 1988.
HERTZBERG, R.C. 1989. Fitting a model to
categorical response data with application to
special extrapolation to toxicity. Health Phys-
ics. 57(Suppl. 1): 404-409.
HERTZBERG, R.C. 1992. Studies on toxicity
of mixtures and interacting chemicals user's
guide. (MIXTOX) U.S. EPA, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. 45268. Available on diskette.
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HERTZBERG, R.C. 1991. Quantitative ex-
trapolation of toxicological findings. In: Statis-
tics in Toxicology. D. Krewski and C. Franklin,
ed. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
New York, NY.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and T. CLARKSON.
1984. Interspecies conversion of dose and
duration exposure - noncarcinogenictoxicants.
in: Selected Approaches to Risk Assessment
for Multiple Chemical Exposures: Progress
Report on Guideline Development at ECAO-
Cin, J.F. Stara and L.S. Erdreich, Ed. U.S.
EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84-014a.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and P. DURKIN. 1984.
Multiple chemical assessment. in: Selected
Approaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple
Chemical Exposures: Progress Report on
Guideline Development ECAO-Cin, J.F. Stara
and L.S. Erdreich, Ed. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati,
OH. EPA 600/9-84/0143.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and M. MILLER. 1985. A
statistical model for species extrapolation us-
ing categorical response data. Tox. Ind. Hlth.
1:43-57.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and J. PATTERSON.
1987. Approaches to the quantitative estima-
tion of health risk from exposure to chemical
mixtures. Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth
Hanford Life Sciences Symposium on Health
and Environmental Research on Complex
Organic Mixtures. Oct. 20-24,1985, Richland,
Washington.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and L. WYMER. 1991.
Modeling the severity of toxic effects. Air &
Management Association. In: Proceedings
papers from the 84th Annual Meeting and
Exhibition, June 16-21, 1991, British Colum-
bia. Air and Waste Management Association.
HILL, R.N., L.S. ERDREICH, O.E. PAYNTER,
P.A. ROBERTS, S.L. ROSENTHALand C.F.
WILKINSON. Thyroid follicular cell
carcinogenesis. Fund. Appl. Tox. 12: 629-
697.
JARABEK, A.M., M.G. MENACHE, J.H.
OVERTON, Jr., M.L. DOURSON, and F.J.
MILLER. 1989. Inhalation Reference Dose
(RfD): An application of interspecies dosim-
etry modeling for risk assessment of insoluble
particles. Health Physics. 57(Suppl. 1): 177-
183.
JARABEK, A.M., M.G. MENACHE, J.H.
OVERTON, Jr., M.L. DOURSON and F.J.
MILLER. 1990. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's inhalation RfD methodol-
ogy: Risk assessment for air toxics. Tox. Ind.
Hlth. 6(5): 279-301.
KOOYOOMIJIAN, J., C. DeROSA, and M.
CHU. 1986. The use of potential carcinoge-
nicity and chronic toxicity primary criteria for
RA. In: Proc. 1986 Hazardous Waste Spills
Conf., St. Louis, MO, May 5-8.
KOWAL, N.E., R.J.F. BRUINS and C.
SONICH-MULLIN. 1989. Overview of risk
assessment for toxic and pathogenic agents.
Proceedings: Water Quality Technology Con-
ference, American Water Works Association.
Held in Philadelphia, PA., November 12-16,
1989. p. 905-919.
LEE, S.D., D. MUKERJEE, et al. 1983. As-
sessment of benzene health effects in ambi-
ent water. IQ: Advances in Modern Environ-
mental Toxicology, Vol. 4. Carcinogenicity
and Toxicity of Benzene. M.A. Mehlman, ed.
Chapters, p. 91-125.
LOMNITZ, E., R. BRUINS and L. FRADKIN.
1985. Screening chemicals in municipal slud-
ges. Biocycle 26: 52-54.
LOPER, J.C., D.R. LANG, R.S. SCHOENY,
B.B. RICHMOND, P.M. GALLAGHER and
C.C. SMITH. 1978. Residue organic mixtures
from drinking water show in vitro mutagenic
and transforming activity. J.Tox. Env. Hlth.
4(5-6): 919-938.
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LU, F.C., and M.L. DOURSON. 1992. Safety
risk assessment of chemicals: principles, pro-
cedures and examples. J. Occ. Med. Tox.
1(4) :321-335.
LUTKENHOFF, S., R. HERTZBERG, C.
SONICH-MULLIN. 1988. Applicability of U.S.
EPA risk assessment guidelines for chemical
mixtures. IQ: Trace Substances in Environ-
mental Health-XXII, Proc. University of
Missouri's 22nd Ann. Conf. TRace Substances
in Environmental Health, St. Louis, Missouri,
May 23-26.
MEYLAN, W., L. PAPA, C.T. DeROSA and
J.F. STARA. 1986. Chemical of current
interest propylene oxide: Health and Environ-
mental Effects Profile. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 2(3):
219-260.
MUKERJEE, D. and D. H. CLEVERLY. 1987.
Riskfrom exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-
p-dioxins and dibenzofurans emitted from
municipal incinerators. Waste Management
and Research 5: 269-283.
MUKERJEE, D., and D. H. CLEVERLY. 1987.
Strategies for assessing risk from exposure to
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
dibenzofurans emitted from municipal incin-
erators. Waste Management and Research 5:
269-283.
(Please note: this paper was discussed exten-
sively in an editorial in BioCycle 29(2): 58-59,
1988.)
MUKERJEE, D., C. DeROSA and J.F.
STARA. 1987. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxina: (in Spanish). Published by Centro
Panamericano de Ecologia Humana y Salud.
Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud.
MUKERJEE, D. L. FRADKIN and D.H. CLEV-
ERLY. 1988. Multimedia impact of chlroinated
polycyclic hydrocarbon emission from com-
bustion sources. Proc. Dioxin - 8th. Interna-
tional Synmposium of chlorinated dioxins and
related compounds, p. 330.
MUKERJEE, D, S. MUKERJEE and T.J.
POWERS. 1991. Sanierungspraxisin den
USA. In: Herausforderung. Herausgeber: G.
Albracht, O.A.Schwerdtfeger. Verlag:
Universum Verlagsanstalt GmbH KG,
Wiesbaden. (No English translation available).
MUKERJEE, S., D. MUKERJEE, T. J. POW-
ERS and O.WASSERMANN. 1991. Strategy
to reduce risk of asbestos in the United States.
J. Clean Tech. Env. Sci. 1(324): 193-207.
MUKERJEE, D., O. PAPKE and W.
KARMAUS. 1988. Indoor Air Contamination
with Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and
Dibenzofurans. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 2(3): 219-260.
MUKERJEE, D., S. QUE HEE and O.
WASSERMANN. 1990. Rationale for consid-
ering PCB mixture as carcinogenic in risk
assessment. Proc. Dioxin '90.
MUKERJEE, D. and J.F. STARA. 1981.
Asbestos and its threats. Chemical Week
129:5.
MUKERJEE, D. and J.F. STARA. 1982.
Rationale for quantitative risk assessment for
carcinogens at uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites. Proceedings of the XIII International
Cancer Congress. Statistical Issues in Can-
cer Etiology and Survival. Held in Seattle,
Washington, September 8-15. p. 35.
MUKERJEE, D. and J.F. STARA. 1983.
Rationale for developing criteria for carcino-
gens. Proc. 76th Ann. Meeting - Air Pollution
Control Association. Held in Atlanta, Georgia,
June 19-24,1983. p. 1-8.
MUKERJEE, D., J.F. STARA, C.H. RIS and
J.L. SCHAUM. 1985. Rationale for assess-
ment of risk from exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Proc. of Dioxin 85 - 5th Int'l Symposium on
Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Com-
pounds. Held in Bayreuth, West Germany,
September 16-19,1985. Chemosphere.
15:9-12,1986.
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MUKERJEE, D., J.F. STARA and J.L.
SCHAUM. 1986. Rationale for assessment of
risk from exposure to 2,3,7,.8-TCDD. Chemo-
sphere. 15(9-12): 1805-1813.
MUKERJEE, D. and O. Wassermann. 1990.
Rationale for risk assessment of environmen-
tal carcinogens. Proc. XIX Congreso
Lationamericano de Quimica.
MUMTAZ,M.M.andP.DURKIN. 1992. Regu-
latory approaches and problems in risk as-
sessment of chemical mixtures. In: Toxicol-
ogy of Chemical Mixtures: from real life ex-
amples to mechanisms of toxicologic interac-
tions, R. Yang, ed. (in press)
MUMTAZ, M.M., M.Y.H. FAROOQUI, B.I.
GHANAYEM and A.E. AHMED. 1991. The
urotoxic effects of N,N'-
Dimethylaminopropionitrila. 2. In vivo and in
vitro metabolism. Tox. Appl. Pharm. 110:61-
69.
MUMTAZ, M.M., M.Y.H. FAROOQUI, B.I.
GHANAYEM, S. RAJARAMAN, L.
FRANKENBERG, and A.E. AHMED. 1990.
Studies on the mechanism of urotoxic effects
of N.N'-Dimethylaminopropionitrile in rats and
mice. 1. Biochemical and morphologic char-
acterization of the injury and its relationship to
metabolism. J. Tox. Env. Hlth. 33:1-17.
MUMTAZ, M.M. and R.C. HERTZBERG
1992. The status of interactions data in risk of
chemical mixtures. In: Hazard Assessment
Chemicals, Vol. 8. J. Sexena, ed. Hemi-
sphere Publishing Co., Washington, D.C. (in
press)
MUMTAZ, M.M., D.L. McKEAN, R.J. BRU-
INS, R.S. SCHOENY and C.T. DeROSA.
1991. Research strategy for risk characteriza-
tion of complex exposures. Proceedings of
the Fourth International Conference on the
Combined Effects of Environmental Factors.
Held in Baltimore, Maryland Sept. 30,1990 -
Oct.3, 1990. Published by Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public
Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
MURPHY, P.A. 1990. Avoiding bias: system-
atic and random error, in: Methods for the
Investigation and Prevention of Waterborne
Disease Outbreaks. G.F. Craun, ed.
Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH.
MURPHY, P.A. and G.F. CRAUN. 1989. A
review of recent epidemiologic studies report-
ing associations between drinking water Chlo-
rination disinfection and cancer. In: Water
Chlorination - Chemistry, Environmental Im-
pact and Health Effects. Vol 6. Proceedings
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Ridge, Tennessee, May 3-8, 1987. Lewis
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NEWMAN, M.A., S.Q. HEE, R. SCHOENY
and L LOWRY. 1990. Biological monitoring
screening of patients provided antineoplastic
drugs including adriamycin, cyclophospha-
mide, 5-fluorouracill, methotreaxate, and
vincristine. Cancer Res. June 1; 50(11):
3351-66.
NEWMAN, M.A., S.S. HEE and R.S.
SCHOENY. 1990. Mutagenesis assays on
urines produced by patients administered
adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. Env. Mol.
Mut. 16(3): 189-203.
O'FLAHERTY, E.J. and M.L. DOURSON.
1982. Relationship between urethane dose
rate and adenoma latency: relevance of tumor
growth rate and target cell number. J. Nat.
Can. Inst. 69(4): 859-865.
O'FLAHERTY, E.J. and M.L. DOURSON.
1983. A reply to the letter to the Editor" Cells
of Origin of Lung Tumors in Mice". J. Nat. Can.
Inst. 70(6): 991-992.
ORME, J. E. OHANIAN, L. PAPA and C.
SONICH-MULLIN. 1989. Advantages and
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PATTERSON, J., R. SCHOENY and P.
DAUNT. 1991. The U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS), in: Regulating Drinking Water
Quality. C. Gilbert and E. Calabrese, ed.
Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan.
POIRIER, K.A. and S.F. VELAZQUEZ. 1991.
Risk assessment of manganese: a compari-
son of oral and inhalation derivations. 75th
Annual Meeting of the Federation of American
Societies for Experimental Biology, Atlanta,
GA. April 21-25. FASEB 5(4): A486.
RICE, G.E. and R.J.F. BRUINS. 1991. Indi-
rect exposure: a comparison of two method-
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cials. Washington, DC.
RYAN, J.J., D. MUKERJEE et al. 1987.
Estimation of total body burden of PCDFs
associated with chloracne in humans based
ontheYushoand Yucheng poinsonings. Proc.
7th Interntaional Sumposium on Chlorinated
Dioxins and related compounds. Vo. I. Hto3.
SCARPING, P., L. FRADKIN, C. CLARK, N.
KOWAL, E. LOMNITZ, M. BASEHEART, J.
PETTERSON, R.L. WARD and M. HESFORD.
1988. Microbiological risk assessment for
land application of municipal sludge. Pre-
sented at the U.S. EPA/ASTM Symposium on
Chemical and Biological Characterization of
Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils
and Drilling Muds, Cincinnati, OH, May 20-22.
SCHOENY, R.S. 1982. Mutagenicity testing
of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated
dibenzofurans. Mut. Res. Mar.; 101(1): 45-
56.
SCHOENY, R.S. 1990. U.S. Environmental
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building for hazard identification, in: Pesticide
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Viewpoints. B.G. Tweedym H.J. Dishburger,
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SCHOENY, R., T. CODY, D. WARSH AWSKY
and M. RADIKE. Metabolism of mutagenic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by photo-
synthetic algal species. Mut. Res. Feb.;
197(2): 289-302.
SCHOENY, R.S. and E. MARGOSCHES.
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developing approaches to risk assessment of
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SCHOENY, R.S., J. PATTERSON, J.
SWARTOUTandL.TUXEN. 1989. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated
Risk Information System. Proceedings of the
5th International Conference on Environmen-
tal Mutagens. Held in Cleveland, Ohio, July
10-15, 1989. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 340D: 1-
387, 1990.
SCHOENY, R., D. WARSHAWSKY, L.
HOLLINGSWORTH, M. HUND and G.
MOORE. 1981. Mutagenicity of products
from coal gasification and liquefaction in the
Salmonella/microsome assay. Env. Mut. 3(2):
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SONICH-MULLIN and L.R. PAPA. 1990.
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220-233.
STARA,J.F. 1989. First generation of an new
science: risk assessment in transition. Tox.
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STARA, J., M. DOURSON and D. DeROSA.
1980. Water Quality Criteria: applications, in:
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Risk Assessment: How New Regulations will
Affect the Utility Industry. Held in New Or-
leans, Louisiana, Dec. 10-11,1980. Prepared
forthe Electric Power Research Institute, Palo
Alto, CA.
STARA, J.F., R.C. HERTZBERG, R. J.F. BRU-
INS, M.L. DOURSON, R.P. DURKIN, L.S.
ERDRIECH and W.E. PEPELKO. 1985. Ap-
proaches to risk assessments of chemical
mixtures. In: Karger Continuing Education
Series Vol. 8: Safety Regulation of Chenmicals
inthe U.S.A. S. Karger AG: Basel.
STARA, J.F., D. MUKERJEE, R.
McGAUGHY, P. DURKIN and M. DOURSON.
1983. The current use and studies on promot-
ers and cocarcinogens in quantitative risk as-
sessment. Env. Hlth. Persp. 50: 359-368.
STARA, J., J. PATTERSON, K.
BLACKBURN, R. HERTZBERG and C.
DeROSA. 1985. Health risk assessment of
chemical mixtures. In: Trace Substances in
Environmental Health - XIX, D. Hemphill, Ed.
19th Ann. Conf. Trace Substances in Environ-
mental Health, Columbia, MD, June 3-6.1985.
STARA, J.F., J. PATTERSON and M.L.
DOURSON. 1986. Risk assessment ap-
proaches for ground water contamination by
pesticides and other organic substances. ACS
Symposium organic substances. ACS Sym-
posium Series: Evaluation of Pesticides in
Ground Water. W.Y. Garner, R.C. Honecycutt,
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Washington, DC.
U.S.EPA. 1980. Appendix C. Guidelines and
methodology used in the preparation of health
effects assessment chapters of the consnet
decree water criteria documents. Fed. Reg.
45: 79347-79357.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Approaches to risk assess-
ment for multiple chemical exposures. J.F.
Stara and L.S. Erdreich, ed. Cincinnati, OH.
EPA 600/9-84-008. NTIS PB84-1B2369.
U.S.EPA. 1984. Selected approaches to risk
assessment for multiple chemical exposures:
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Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84-014a. NTIS
PB84-226992.
U.S.EPA. 1986. Development of a qualitative
pathogen risk assessment methodology for
municipal sludge landfilling. Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. NTISPB88-198544/AS.)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health effects assessment
documents. 1986. Project Summary. Epa/
540/S1-86/059.
U.S.EPA. 1986. Workshops for the develop-
ment of methodology for health risk assess-
ment. Office of Health and Enviromental As-
sessment. Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office. U.S. EPA/ Cincinnati, OH.
Project Summary. EPA 600.S9-85027.
U.S. EPA. 1987. The risk assessment guide-
lines of 1986. Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA
600/S9-85-027.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health assessment docu-
ment for carbon tetrachloride. Project Sum-
mary. EPA/S8-82/001F.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Human variability in suscep-
tibility to toxic chemicals -!. Noncarcinogens.
Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. Project
Summary. EPA 600/S8-86-033.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Issues on review in ECAO.
Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA 1988. Reference dose (RfD): De-
scription assessments. Integrated Risk Infor-
mation System (IRIS). Intra-Agency Refer-
ence Dose (RfD) WorkGroup, Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. February.
U.S. EPA. 1988. EPA approach for assessing
the risks associated with chronic exposures to
carcinogens. Integrated Risk Information Sys-
tem (IRIS). Online. Intra-Agency Carcinogen
Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor
(CRAVE) Work Group, Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. February.
U.S.EPA. 1988. Office of drinking water health
advisories. Integrated Risk Information Sys-
tem (IRIS). Online. Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. February.
U.S.EPA. 1988. Development of a qualitative
pathogen risk assessment methodology for
municipal sludge landfilling. Project Sum-
mary. EPA 600/S6-88/006.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health assessment docu-
ment for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.
Project Summary. EPA600/S8-84/014F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Recommendations for and
documentation of biological values for use in
risk assessment. Project Summary. EPA 6007
S6-876/008.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Interim methods for devel-
opment of inhalation references doses. EPA/
600/8-88/006F. August.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Statistical methods for
estimating risk for exposure above the refer-
ence dose. Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S.EPA. 1989. Development of risk assess-
ment methodology for land application and
distribution and marketing of municipal sludge.
EPA/600/6-89/001.
U.S.EPA. 1989. Development of risk assess-
ment methodology for municipal sludge
landfilling. EPA600/6-90/008.
U.S.EPA. 1989. Pathogen risk assessment
for land application of municipal sludge, Vol. 1:
Methodology and computer model. EPA 600/
6-90/002A.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Pathogen risk assessment
for land application of municipal sludge, Vol. 2:
User's manual. EPA 600/6-90/002B.
U.S.EPA. 1990. Development of risk assess-
ment methodology for surface disposal of
municipal sludge. EPA 600/6-90/001.
U.S.EPA. 1990. Development of risk assess-
ment methodology for municipal sludge incin-
eration. EPA 600/6-90/004.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Interim methods for devel-
opment of inhalation reference concentrations.
EPA/600/8-90/066A.
U.S. EPA. 1991. Preliminary risk assessment
for parasites in municipal sewage sludge ap-
plied to land. EPA600/6-91/001.
U.S. EPA. Preliminary risk assessment for
bacteria in municipal sewage sludge applied
to land. EPA600/6-91/006.
U.S. EPA. 1991. Preliminary risk assessment
for viruses in municipal sewage sludge ap-
plied to land.
10
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VANDERSLICE, P.P., J. ORME, E.V.
O'HANIAN and C. SONICH-MULLIN. 1989.
Problems in assessing the risks of mixtures of
contaminants in drinking water. Tox. Ind.Hlth.
5(5): 747-756.
VELAZQUEZ, S.F. VELAZQUEZ, S.F., C.
SONICH-MULLIN and J.T. DU. Risk assess-
ment of manganese: the essentiality of man-
ganese. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environ-
mental Health. Held in the Hotel Westin in
Cincinnati, OH, May 29-June 1989.
ZAMUDA, C., C. DeROSA, H. HUIZENGA, B.
JONES and J.LONGSTRETH. 1985. Devel-
opment of chemical-specific parameters for
the superfund risk assessment process. IQ:
Proc. 6th National HMCRI Conf. on the Man-
agement of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste
Sites. Held in Washington, DC., November 4-
6,1985.
11
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS ON RISK ASSESSMENT
(arranged by Category)
CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT
DOURSON, M.L. and J.M. BAXTER. 1981.
Reduced incidence and growth rate of ure-
thane induced lung adenomas in aging adult
strain A mice. Toxicology. 20:161-178.
DOURSON, M.L. and E.J. O'FLAHERTY.
1982. Relationship of lung adenoma preva-
lence and growth rate to acute urethane dose
and target cell number. J. Nat. Can. Inst.
69(4) :851-857.
HILL, R.N., L.S. ERDREICH, O.E. PAYNTER,
P.A. ROBERTS, S.L. ROSENTHAL and C.F.
WILKINSON. Thyroid follicular cell
carcinogenesis. Fund. Appl. Tox. 12: 629-
697.
KOOYOOMIJIAN, J., C. DeROSA, and M.
CHU. 1986. The use of potential cardnoge-
nicity and chronic toxicity primary criteria for
RA. la: Proc. 1986 Hazardous Waste Spills
Conf., St. Louis, MO, May 5-8.
MUKERJEE, D. and J.F. STARA. 1983.
Rationale for developing criteria for carcino-
gens. Proc. 76th Ann. Meeting - Air Pollution
Control Association. Held in Atlanta, Georgia,
June 19-24,1983. p. 1-8.
MUKERJEE, D. and J.F. STARA. 1982.
Rationale for quantitative risk assessment for
carcinogens at uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites. Proceedings of the XIII International
Cancer Congress. Statistical Issues in Can-
cer Etiology and Survival. Held in Seattle,
Washington, September 8-15. p. 35.
MUKERJEE, D. and O. Wassermann. 1990.
Rationale for risk assessment of environmen-
tal carcinogens. Proc. XIX Congreso
Lationamericano de Quimica.
O'FLAHERTY, E.J. and M.L. DOURSON.
1982. Relationship between urethane dose
rate and adenoma latency: relevance of tumor
growth rate and target cell number. J. Nat.
Can. Inst. 69(4): 859-865.
O'FLAHERTY, E.J. and M.L. DOURSON.
1983. A reply to the letter to the Editor" Cells
of Origin of Lung Tumors in Mice". J. Nat. Can.
Inst. 70(6): 991-992.
STARA, J.F., D. MUKERJEE, R.
McGAUGHY, P. DURKIN and M. DOURSON.
1983. The current use and studies on promot-
ers and cocarcinogens in quantitative risk as-
sessment. Env. Hlth. Persp. 50: 359-368.
U.S. EPA. 1988. EPA approach for assessing
the risks associated with chronic exposures to
carcinogens. Integrated Risk Information Sys-
tem (IRIS). Online. Intra-Agency Carcinogen
Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor
(CRAVE) Work Group, Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. February.
NONCANCER RISK ASSESSMENT
BARNES, D.G. and M.DOURSON. 1988.
Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in
health risk assessment. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 8:
471-486.
BROWN, K.G. and L.S. ERDREICH. 1989.
Statistical uncertainty in the no-observed-ad-
verse-effect level. Fund. Appl. Tox. 13:235-
244.
DeROSA, C.T., J. STARA and P. DURKIN.
1985. Ranking chemicals based on toxicity
data. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 1:177-199.
12
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DOURSON.M.L. 1984. Toxicity-based meth-
odology, thresholds and possible approaches,
and uncertainty factors. Jn: Approaches to
risk assessment for multiple chemical expo-
sures. EPA600/9-84-008. p. 2-42.
DOURSON, M.L. 1984. Health risk assess-
ment for less-than-lifetime chemical exposure.
In: Selected Approaches to Risk Assessment
for Multiple Chemical Exposures: Progress
Report on Guideline Development at ECAO-
Cin., J.F. Stara and LS. Erdreich, Ed. U.S.
EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84/014a. p.
9-15.
DOURSON.M.L. 1986. New approaches in
the derivation of the acceptable daily intake
(ADI). Comments Toxicol. 1: 35-48.
DOURSON.M.L. 1991. Overview of EPA's
quantitative noncancer guidelines. Air and
Waste Management Association. For Pre-
sentation at the 84th Annual Meeting & Exhi-
bition VAncouver, British Columbia, June 16-
21,1991.
DOURSON, M.L. and C.T. DeROSA. 1991.
The use of uncertainty factors in establishing
safe levels of exposure. In: Statistics in
Toxicology. Ed., D. Kreski and C. Franklin.
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New
York, NY.
DOURSON, M.L., R. HERTZBERG, R.
HARTUNG and K. BLACKBURN. 1985.
Novel methods for the estimation of accept-
able daily intake. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 1(4):23-33.
DOURSON, M.L., R.C. HERTZBERG and
J.F. STARA. 1986. Letters to the Editor.
Fund. Appl. Tox. 6:182-184.
DOURSON, M.L., L. KNAUF and J.
SWARTOUT. 1991. On reference dose (RfD)
and its underlying toxicity data base. Tox. Ind.
Hlth. 8(3): 171-189.
DOURSON, M.L and J. STAR A 1983. Regu-
latory history and experimental support of un-
certainty (safety) factors. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 3:
224-238.
FARLAND, W. and M.L. DOURSON. 1992.
Noncancer Health Endpoints: Approaches to
quantitative risk assessment, (in press)
FRADKIN, L., S. LUTKENHOFF, J. STARA,
E. LOMNITZand B. CORNABY. 1985. Fea-
sibility for performing and risk assessment on
pathogens. J. Water Poll. Con. Fed. 57:1183-
1188.
GUTH, D.J., A.M. JARABEK, L. WYMER,
R.C. HERTZBERG. 1991. Evaluation of risk
assessment methods for short-term inhalation
exposure. Presentation at the 84th Annual
Meeting of the Air & Waste Management As-
sociation, June 16-21,1991, Vancouver, Brit-
ish Columbia.
HATTIS, D., L. ERDREICH and M. BALLEW.
1987. Human variability in susceptibility to
toxic chemicals - a preliminary analysis of
pharmacokinetic data from normal volunteers.
Risk Analysis. 7(4): 415-424.
HERTZBERG, R.C. 1984. Risk assessment
for less-than-lifetime exposure, in: Selected
Approaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple
Chemical Exposures: Progress Report on
Guideline Development at ECAO-Cin, J.F.
Stara and LS. Erdreich, Ed., U.S. EPA, Cin-
cinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84-008.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and T. CLARKSON.
1984. Interspecies conversion of dose and
duration exposure - noncarcinogenictoxicants.
in: Selected Approaches to Risk Assessment
for Multiple Chemical Exposures: Progress
Report on Guideline Development at ECAO-
Cin, J.F. Stara and LS. Erdreich, Ed. U.S.
EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/9-84-014a.
13
Materials Belong
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HERTZ BERG, R.C. 1989. Fitting a model to
categorical response data with application to
special extrapolation to toxicity. Health Phys-
ics. 57(Suppl. 1): 404-409.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and M. MILLER. 1985. A
statistical model for species extrapolation us-
ing categorical response data. Tox. Ind. Hlth.
1:43-57.
HERTZBERG, R.C. and L. WYMER. 1991.
Modeling the severity of toxic effects. Air &
Management Association. In: Proceedings
papers from the 84th Annual Meeting and
Exhibition, June 16-21, 1991, British Colum-
bia. Air and Waste Management Association.
JARABEK, A.M., M.G. MENACHE, J.H.
OVERTON, Jr., M.L. DOURSON, and F.J.
MILLER. 1989. Inhalation Reference Dose
(RfD): An application of interspecies dosim-
etry modeling for risk assessment of insoluble
particles. Health Physics. 57(Suppl. 1): 177-
183.
JARABEK, A.M., M.G. MENACHE, J.H.
OVERTON, Jr., M.L. DOURSON and F.J.
MILLER. 1990. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's inhalation RfD methodol-
ogy: Risk assessment for air toxics. Tox. Ind.
Hlth. 6(5): 279-301.
LU, F.C., and M.L. DOURSON. 1992. Safety
risk assessment of chemicals: principles, pro-
cedures and examples. J. Occ. Med. Tox.
1(4): 321-335.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Human variability in suscep-
tibility to toxic chemicals -!. Noncarcinogens.
Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. Project
Summary. EPA 600/S8-86-033.
U.S. EPA 1988. Reference dose (RfD): De-
scription assessments. Integrated Risk Infor-
mation System (IRIS). Intra-Agency Refer-
ence Dose (RfD) Work Group, Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH. February.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Interim methods for devel-
opment of inhalation references doses. EPA/
600/8-88/006F. August.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Interim methods for devel-
opment of inhalation reference concentrations.
EPA/600/8-90/066A.
MIXTURES RISK ASSESSMENT
BRUINS, R.J.B., L. FRADKIN and J. STARA.
1987. Summary of risk assessment method-
ology for municipal sludge reuse or disposal
options. Proc. National Conference on Mu-
nicipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Man-
agement, Boston, MA, May27-29. Hazardous
Material Control Research Inst., Silver Springs,
MD. p. 21-24.
CHANEY, R., R. BRUINS, D. BAKER, R.
KORCAK, J. SMITH and D. COLE. 1987.
Transfer of sludge-applied trace elements to
the food chain. In: Land Application of Sludge,
A.L. Page, T.J. Logan and J.A. Ryan, ed.
Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Ml. p. 67-99.
CLEVENGER, M.A., R.M. PUTZRATH, S.L.
BROWN, M.E. GINEVAN, C.T. DeROSA and
M.M. MUMTAZ. 1991. Risk assessment of
mixtures: A model based on mechanisms of
action and interaction. IQ: Advances in Risk
Anaylsis. Vol.8, Risk Analysis: Prospectsand
Opportunity. C. Zeros, ed. Proceedings of the
Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analy-
sis. Held Oct. 30-Nov. 2,1988, Washington,
DC. Plenum Press, New York.
14
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CLEVERLY, D., R. KELLAM, R. MORRISON,
L. FRADKIN, R. BRUINS, P. McGINNIS and
N. POSSIEL. 1987. Methodology for the
assessment of health risks associated with
multiple pathway exposure to municipal waste
combustor emissions. Presented at the 80th
Ann. Air Pollution Control Assoc. Conf., New
York, June 21-26.
CLEVERLY, D.H., C.C. TRAVIS and G.E.
RICE. 1992. The analysis of indirect expo-
sure to toxic air pollutants emitted from station-
ary combustion sources: a case study. Pre-
sented at the 85th Annual Meeting of the Air &
Waste Management Association, June 21 -26,
1992, Kansas City, MO.
CRUMPLER, E.P. and L. FRADKIN. 1987.
Risk assessment in development of municipal
sludge incineration regulations under 405(d)
of the Clean Water Act. Proceedings National
Conference on Municipal Sewage Treatment
Plant Sludge Management, Boston, MA, May
27-29. Hazardous Material Control Research
Inst., Silver Springs, MD. p. 30-35.
DAWSON, G.W., C.J. ENGLISH and L.
FRADKIN. 1988. The regulation of sludge
disposal through application of risk assess-
ment techniques. Presented at the U.S. EPA/
ASTM Symp. Chemical and Biological Char-
acterization of Municipal
Sludges,Sediments,Dredge Spoils and Drill-
ing Muds, Cincinnati, OH, May 20-22.
DeROSA, C.T., H. CHOUDHURY and W.B.
PEIRANO. 1991. An integrated expsoure
and pharmacokinetic based approach to the
assessment of complex exposures lead: a
case study. Tox. Ind. Hlth. 7(4): 321-248.
DeROSA, C.T., M.L. DOURSON and R.
OSBORNE. 1989. Risk assessment initiative
for noncancer endpoints: Implications for risk
characterizations of chemical mixtures. Tox.
Ind. Hlth. 5(5): 805-824.
ERDREICH, L.S. and C. SONICH-MULLIN.
1984. Hypersusceptible subgroups of the
population in multiple chemical risk assess-
ment. In: Approaches to Risk Assessment of
Multiple Chemical Exposures, J.F. Stara and
LS. Erdreich, Ed., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH.
EPA 600/9-84-008.
ERDREICH, L.S. and C. SONICH-MULLIN.
1984. Health assessment of exposures to
chemical mixtures: Subpopulations at Greater
Risk. In: Approaches to Risk Assessment for
Multiple Chemical Exposures. EPA 600/9-84-
008.
FRADKIN, L, R. BRUINS, S. LUTKENHOFF,
J. STARA, E. LOMNITZand A. RUBIN. 1987.
Screening methodology for assessing poten-
tial health effects from municipal sludge incin-
erators. J. Air Poll. Con. Assoc. 37:395-399.
FRADKIN, L, R. BRUINS, B. PEIRANO,
S.LUTKENHOFF, J. STARA, G. DAWSON
and J. ENGLISH. 1986. Risk assessment
methodology for determining groundwater
contamination from landfilling sludge, in: Proc.
American Society of Civil Engineers s(ASCE)
Environmental Engineering Conf., Cincinnati,
OH, July 8-10,1986.
FRADKIN, L, C. GERBA, S. GOYAL, P.
SCARPING, R.BRUINSandJ.STARA. 1989.
Potential public health concerns from patho-
gens in municipal wastewater sludge. J. Env.
Hlth. 51 (3): 148-152.
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SYMPOSIA
Conference on Environmental Risk Assessment: How New Regulations
Will Affect the Utility Industry
New Orleans, Louisiana, December 10-11,1990
Approaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple Chemical Exposures
Cincinnati, Ohio, September 29-30,1982
XII International Cancer Congress, Statistical Issues in Cancer
Etiology and Survival
Seattle, Washington, September 8-15,1983.
The 76th Annual Meeting - Air Pollution Control Association
Atlanta, Georgia, June 19-24,1983
The 19th Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental Health
Columbia, Missouri, June 3-6,1985
Advance in Health Risk Assessment for Systemic Toxicants andchemical Mixtures
Cincinnati, Ohio, October23-25,1985
The 6th National HMCRI Conference on the Management
of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
Washington, DC, November 4-6,1985
The 24th Hanford Life Sciences Symposium on Health and Environmental
Research on Complex Organic Mixtures
Richland, Washington, October 20-24,1985
The 5th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds
Bayreuth, W. Germany, September 16-19,1986
The 1986 Hazardous Waste Spills Conference
St. Louis, Missouri, May 5-8, 1986
Seventy-seventh Annual Meeting of the American Association
for Cancer Research
Los Angeles, Califormia, May 7-10,1986
The American Society of Civil Engineers Environmental Engineering Conference
Cincinnati, Ohio, July, 8-10,1986
The 6th Annual Conference on Water Chlorination:
Environmental and Health Effects
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, May 3-8,1987
23
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National Conference on Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Management
Boston, Massachusetts, May 27-29,1987
The 80th Annual Air Pollution Control Association Conference
New York, New York, June 21 -26,1987
The U.S. EPA/ASTM Symposium on Chemical and Biological Characterization
of Municipal Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils and Drilling Muds
Cincinnati, Ohio, May 20-22,1988
The 22nd Annual Conference Trace Substancesin Environmental Health
University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, May 23-26,1988
The Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis
Washington, DC, Oct. 30-Nov. 2,1988
Water Quality Technology Conference, American Water Works Association
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 12-16,1989
The 5th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds
Las Vegas, Nevada, October 4-9,1989
The 5th International Conference on Environmental Mutagens
Cleveland, Ohio, July 10-15,1989
The 23rd Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental Health
Hotel Westin, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 29-June1,1989
The 24th Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental Health
Hotel Westin, Cincinnnati, Ohio, July 8-12,1990
The NATA ARW "Nitrate Contamination: Exposure, Consequence and Control"
University of Nebrask - Lincoln, September 10-14,1990
The 1991 Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology
Loews Anatole Hotel, Dalla, Texas, February 25 - March 1,1991
The 75th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies
for Experimental Biology
Atlanta, Georgia, April 21-25,1991
The 1991 National Solid WAste Forum on Integrated
Municipal Waste Management
Las Vegas, Nevada, July 15-17,1991
The 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association
Vancouver, British Columbia, June 16-21,1991
The 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association
Kansas City, Missouri, June 21-26,1992
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