vv EPA
              United States
              Environmental Protection
              Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
DIRECTIVE NUMBER:
    9431.00-6
                    RCRA Regulatory Status of Contaminated Ground Wacei
               APPROVAL DATE   1 1/13/86

               EFFECTIVE DATE:  ^ 11/13/86

               ORIGINATING OFFICE: : C°sw
               0 FINAL

               D DRAFT

                STATUS
               REFERENCE (other documents):
[  ] "A- Pending OMB approval
[ - ]  B- Pending AA-OSWER approval ' "
  ]  C- For review &/or comment
  ] • D- In development or circulatir

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         RCRA Regulatory  Status  of Contaminated  Ground  Water
Summary Of Directive

          This memorandum  addresses the  regulatory status of ground water contaminated
  with hazardous  waste leachate.   Ground  Water  contaminated with hazardous waste
  leachate  is still subject to regulation since it contains a  hazardous waste.
Key  Words:
                   Groundwater
Type oi Directive /Manual. Policy Directive. Announcement, etc./

             Policy  Directive
                                                  ' Status
                                                  |    LJ Draft
                                                  j    Q Fmai
                                                  i    D New
                                                  I    I	I Revision
Does this Directive Supersede Previous Directive!*;'   |  | Yes   fyl  No   Does It Supplement Previous Directive   I  i Yes
If "Yes" to Either Quesdon. What Directive Inumber. titlel
Review Plan
   LJ AA-OSWER
   D OERR
   D OSW
Q O'JST
D OWPE
LJ Regions
D OECM
D OGC
a
Otrier;Specify!
    Request Meets 05WEH Directives System Format
    J--  j  —	'^—•	—	— __ __	
    3ture of Leao Office Directives Officer
                                                                1 Date
Signature of OSWER Directives Officer
                                                                                 • Date

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                                                OSWER POLii.; • .......icnVE NO.

       UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY       1O-T
                   WASHINGTON D.C. 20460         9481  * U U " O
 NOV  I 3 1986                    '                     OF..CEOF
  w   ^ ,+s^j                                SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE


 MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT    RCRA  Regulatory  Status  of  Contaminated Ground Water

FROM:      Marcia E. Williams,  Director
           Office of Solid  Waste

TO:        Patrick Tobin, Director
           Waste Management Division,  Region  IV
     This is  in response  to your memorandum of  September 13,
1986, regarding the  regulatory  status  of  ground water
contaminated  with hazardous waste  leachate.   To answer this
question, one first  has to determine the  status of  ground
water.  Under the regulations,  ground  water contained  in the
aquifer is not considered a solid  waste,  since  it  is not
"discarded" in the sense  of being  abandoned,  recycled,
or inherently waste-like  as those  terms are defined in the
regulations.   See 40 CFR  261•2(a)-(d).  Therefore,  contami-
nated ground  water cannot be  considered a hazardous waste
via the mixture rule (i.e., to  have a  hazardous waste
mixture, a hazardous waste must be mixed  with a solid  waste;
see 40 CFR 261. 3(a)(2)(iv)).  Nevertheless,  ground  water
contaminated  with hazardous waste  leachate is still subject
to regulation since  it contains a  hazardous waste.   Therefore,
the treatment, storage,~~or disposal of ground water contaminated
with hazardous waste leachate must be  handled as _if the
ground water  itself  were  hazardous since  hazarcfous  waste   _!/
leachate is subject  to regulation  under Subtitle C  of  RCRA.
However, if the ground water  is treated such that  it no
longer contains a hazardous waste, the ground water would no
longer be subject to regulation under  Subtitle  C of RCRA.
I/  This memo more precisely explains the position  on  ground
~~   water contamination presented in John Skinner's memo  dated
    December 26, 1984.

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                                                  OSWER POLICY DIRECTIVE NO.

                                                 9481.00-6  --
     Taking this interpretation and applying it to the example-
in your memorandum, the ground water containing a listed
hazardous waste, once collected, is subject to regulation
under the hazardous waste regulations.  However, if as a
result of treatment, the ground water no longer contains the
hazardous waste leachate, the ground water would no longer be
subject to the hazardous waste rules.

     Your letter also raises the question of treatment of
ground water within the context of corrective action.  If the
corrective action is taken at an interim status facility in
compliance with a §3008(h) order, treatment can take place.
We are considering the possibility of amending the regulations
to clarify the relationship between corrective action and
the reconstruction ban (§270.72(e)).  More broadly, the
Agency is currently examining the issue of whether permits
should be required for any corrective actions.  We are also
developing rules for corrective action under RCRA §3004(u).
Until this analysis is completed, if the corrective action
takes place at a permitted facility, it can be handled as a
permit modification.

     Please feel free to call Matt Straus, of my staff, if
you have any further questions; his telephone number is ^75-
8551 (FTS).

cc:  Hazardous Waste Division Directors,
       Regions I-III and V-X
     Gene Lucero, OWPE
     Lloyd Guerci, OWPE
     Mark Greenwood, OGC
     Steve Silverman, OGC

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