vvEPA
             United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
          Office of
          Solid Waste and
          Emergency Response
DIRECTIVE NUMBER:  ?487.oi(83)
    - "  > ^ -~
TITLE: Landfills and Land Disposal Standards
             APPROVAL DATE: 12-5-33
             EFFECTIVE DATE: - 12-5-831
             ORIGINATING OFFICE: office o
             0 FINAL
             D DRAFT
              STATUS:

             REFERENCE (other documents):
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 PARTS  264 AND  265  SUBPART N - LANDFILL                       DOC:  9437.01(33)


 Key Words:     Landfill

 Regulations:   40 CFR 264, Subparc N

 Subject:       Landfills and Land Disposal Standards

 Addressee:     Paul D. Duggar, P.E., AMI Engineering, 1015 Louisiana,
               P.O. Box L539, Little Rock, Arkansas 72203

 Originator:    John H.' Skinner, Director, Office of Solid Waste

 Source Doc:    #9487.01(83)

 Date:          12-5-83;

 Summary:

     The major problem with landfills is the lack of proper use of state-of-
 the-art technology in the design, construction, and operation of the facilities.
 EPA is considering a quality control program to cover these problems.  In Julyr
 1982, EPA issued some standards, to protect both surface and ground water through
 performance and design requirements.  Both above and below—ground landfills are
 permitted if they meet the required objectives for protection of human health
 and the environment.

     It is not clear that there are substantial advantages in above-ground
 landfills as compared to landfills of other elevations relative to the ground
 surface. There are certain unique problems that are encountered in above-ground
 landfills, e.g. steeper side slopes thus increasing the chance of erosion of
 the final cover.  In addition, such a landfill would not necessarily be  isolated
 from ground water and if the liner was breached, contaminants could reach the
ground water and such a failure might not be detected by the presence of leachate
on the ground surface.

     Leachate collection and removal in above-ground landfills solely by gravity
 is somewhat of an advantage.  However, alternative methods such as pumps are
 reliable for leachate removal. As far as land "reuse advantages^ ifis not clear
that above-ground landfills are an advantage.  Re-vegetation and landscaping
techniques are equally available for landfills of different elevations.  Further,
recreation areas would not be limited by the elevation of the land surfaces,
but rather by their slope.

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                                                             9^87.01  (83)
                               DEC  5 1983
  Mr.  Paul  D.  Cuggar.  ?.£.
  AMI  Engineering
  1015 Louisiana
  P.O. Box  1539
  Little  Rock, Arkansas   72203

  Doar Mr.  Duggar:

       Mr.  Thonas  has  ashed  n\<»  to  respond  to your November 3,
  l'?32>  letter and  the paper you enclosed  entitled "Hazardous
  Wast"  Landfill Design."

      We agree that the main problem  with landfills is not the
  inadequacy of current technology to  prevent or minimize migra-
  tion of hazardous wastes,  but rather the lac* of proper use  of
  state-of-the-art  technology in the design/ construction, and
  operation of these facilities.   In an effort: to reduce failures
  at land disposal  facilities,  the Agency  is considering a quality
  assurance and quality control program covering a 1.1 ^««pects of
  facility  design,  construction, operation,  and maintenance as
  part of the permit orocess.
                                                      >
      On July 26,  198?, F?A issued land disposal standards (copy
  enclosed) that ve believe  protect both surface and ground water
  through serf crmar.ce  and desicrn recrui rements.   In your paper,
 .you  suggest the concept of an above-ground landfill for safer
/disposal  of hazardous waste.  Our. regulations do not discourage
  above-ground landfills." Above and below-ground landfills are
  permitted if they zteet the required  objectives for protection
  of human  health and  the environnent.

      It is not clear that  there  are  substantial advantages in
  above-ground landfills as  compared to landfills of other eleva-
  tions relative to the ground surface. In  fact/ as with any
  design, there are certain  unique problems  that are encountered.
  For  example, an above-ground landfill is likely to have st-ecer
  side slopes than other designs,  thus, increasing the problem
 of erosion of the final landfill cover.

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