vv EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: 9285.2-01
TITLE: FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUALS. FSOP #4
SITE ENTRY
APPROVAL DATE: 01/01/85
EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/01/85
ORIGINATING OFFICE: <*«« of Solid Waste
0 FINAL
D DRAFT
STATUS:
REFERENCE (other documents):
OS WER OS WER OS WER
/£ DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE Di
-------
03/19/87 United States Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D C 20460
EPA OSWER Directive Initiation Request
1 Directive Number
9285.2-01
2. Originator Information
Name of Contact Person
DORRLER
Mail Cod*
Office
OERR/HRSD/
Telephone Number
340-6740
3 Title
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUALS: FSOP #4 -
SITE ENTRY
4 Summary of Directive (Include brief statement of purpose) i
Provides site entry procedures that field response
personnel can use to minimize the risk of exposure
to hazardous substances.(1/85, 38 pp)
5 Keywords
SUPERFUND, CERCLA, SITE SAFETY, EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURES
6a Does this Directive Supercede Previous Dlrectlve(s)?| | yes | X] No What directive (number, title)
b Does it Supplement Previous Directives^)?
J yes I X] No What directive (number, title)
7 Draft Level
A-SlgnedbyAA/DAA
B - Signed by Office Director
C • For Review & Comment
In Developmen
This Request Meets OSWER Directives System Format
8 Signature of Lead Office Directives Coordinator
Date
9 Name and Title of Approving Official
HEDEMAN
Date
01/01/85
OSWER OSWER OSWER
DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
-------
OSWER Directive 9285-2-01
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FOR
SITE ENTRY
F.S.O.P. 4
U S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
HAZARDOUS RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
1/85
-------
The mention of trace names or commercial products in tnis manual is
for illustration purposes ana does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use oy tne Environmental Protection Agency.
Contents of tnis manual do not necessarily reflect tne views ana
policies of tne Environmental Protection Agency.
1/85
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
Objectives 1
Background 1
Brief Description of Site Entry Procedures 1
Site Level Determination 1
Selection of Sampling Equipment 2
II. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 3
Level A Protection 3
Level B Protection 4
Level C Protection 5
Level D Protection 6
III. INITIAL SURVEYS 8
IV. FLOW CHARTS FOR SITE ENTRY 9
Level A Entry 9
Level B Entry 10
Level C Entry 11
V. PROCEDURES FOR DONNING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 12
Level A Donning 12
Level B Donning 13
Level C Donning 14
VI. PROCEDURES FOR DOFFING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 15
Level A Doffing and Decon 15
Level B Doffing and Decon 18
Level C Doffing and Decon 21
VII. SUMMARY OF FIELD EQUIPMENT 24
VIII. SCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES 29
1/85
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SEtTION I
INTRODUCTION
1/85
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F.S.O.P. #4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
I. Oojectives
Tms document provides site entry procedures tnat field response
personnel can use to minimize tne risk of exposure to nazardous
suostances.
II. Background
Tnese proceoures nave oeen derived by reorganizing the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Responses (US EPA, OERR), Wasnington, DC. "Standard
Operating Safety buides", Novemoer 1984, into a format more
appropriate for use in tne field at nazardous materials
responses.
Ill Brief Description of Site Entry Procedures
1 Personnel Entry
Personnel entering sites of nazardous suostance inciaents must
use adequate safety precautions to minimize exposure to a host
of contaminants wnicn may nave long term or immediate nealtn
affects. Tnese precautions include selecting and properly using
anu decontaminating personal protective equipment. Eacn site is
separate and distinct as is each site entry. The EPA (OERR) has
designatea levels of protection, oasea on site cnaractenstics,
for tneir own use. In situations wnere the type(s) of
cnemical(s), conceritration(s), and possioi lities of contact are
not well cnaracterized, experienced professionals must select
tne appropriate level of protection oased on potential exposure,
unti i tne nazaras can oe oetter characterized.
2. Protective Equipment Level
The EPA (OERR) nas classified the equipment to protect tne body
against contact with known or potential chemical hazards into
tour categories according to tne degree of protection afforded.
a. Level A. Affords tne highest available level of
respiratory, smn, and eye protection.
o. Level 8: Affords tne mghest level of respiratory
protection, out a lesser level of skin protection. Level 8
protection is the minimum level recommended on initial site
entries until tne nazaros nave oeen further defined Dy
cm-sue studies.
Page 1
1/35
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F.S.O.P. # 4
c. Level C. Afforas appropriate protection wnen tne type(s) of
airoorne substance(s) is Known, the concentration(s) is
measurea, and experienceu professionals judge that the criteria
for using air-purifying respirators are met.
d. Level D. Afforos minimal protection. Level 0 is primarily a
wurK uniform and should not oe worn on any site with respiratory
or skin hazards.
3. Selection of Level of Protection
Tne Level of Protection selected snould be oased primarily on
tne following.
Type(s) and measured concentration(s) of tne chemical
suostance(s) in the ambient atmosphere and its toxicity.
Potential exposure to suostances in air, splasnes of liquids, or
otner direct contact with material aue to war* being performed.
4. Selection of Sampling Equipment
Sampling equipment used on site snould be selected to meet the
fol lowing criteria
- Provides information useful for protecting personnel.
- Is convenient to use and maintain.
- Is disposaole if possiole.
- Can be oagged witn plastic to avoid the need for
decontamination.
- Will not initiate on explosion if used in an explosive
atomosphere.
- Can be easily decontaminated.
Page 2
1/85
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SECTION II
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
1/85
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F.S.O.P. I 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
III. Levels of Protection
A. Level A Protection
I. Personal protective equipment
Supplied-air respirator approved oy tfe Mine Safety and
Healtn Aannnistration (MSHA) and National Institute of
Occupational Safety ana Healtn (NIOSH).
Respirators may oe
pressure-demand, self-contained breatning apparatus
(SCBA)
or
pressure-aemand, airline respirator (with escape
oottle for Immeaiately Dangerous to Life ana riealtn
(IDLh) or potential for ILDH atmosphere)
Fully encapsulating cnemicai-resistant suit
Loverails*
Long cotton unuerwear*
Gloves (inner), cnemicai-resistant
Boots, cnemical-resistant, steel toe ana snan* (Depending
on suit construction, worn over or under suit boot)
Hard nat* (unaer suit)
Disposaole gloves ana ooot covers* (Worn over fully
encapsulating suit)
Cooling unit*
2-Way raaio communications (innerently safe)
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of tne following criteria warrants use of Level A
Protection.
Tne cnemical suostance(s) nas oeen laentifiea and requires
tne nignest level of protection for skin, eyes, and tne
respiratory system cased on
measurea (or potential for) mgn concentrations of
atmospneric vapors, gases, or particulates
"Optional Page 3
1/85
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F.S.O.P. #4
or
site operations and work functions involves hign
potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to un-
expected vapors, gases, or participates of materials
mgnly toxic to tne s
-------
F.S.O.P. #4
2. Criteria for selection.
Meeting any one of these criteria warrants use of Level B
protection:
Tne type ana atmospnenc concentration of toxic substances
have oeen identified and requires a nigh level of
respiratory protection, out less SKin protection than Level
A. Tnese would oe atmospneres.
witn concentrations Immediatly Dangerous to Life and
Healtn, out substance or concentration in the air does
not represent a severe SKin nazard
or
that do not meet the selection criteria permitting the
use of air-purifying respirators.
The atmosphere contains less tnan ly.5% oxygen.
It is mgnly unliicely tnat the work being done will
generate mgn concentrations of vapors, gases or
particulates, or splasnes of material tnat will affect tne
siun of personnel wearing Level B protection.
Atmospnenc concentrations of unidentified vapors or gases
are indicated o-y direct reaaings o'n instruments such as tne
FID or PID or similar instruments, out vapors and gases are
not suspected of containing high levels of cnemicals toxic
to stein.
C. Level C Protection
1. Personal protective equipment
Air-purifying respirator, full-face, canister-equippeo
(MSHA/NIOSH approved)
Chemical-resistant clothing (coveralls, nooded, one-piece
or two piece chemical splash suit, chemical-resistant hood
ana apron; disposable cnemical-resistant coveralls)
Coveralls*
Long cotton underwear*
Gloves (outer), cnermcal-resistant
Gloves (inner), cnemical-resistant
Boots (outer), cneimcal-resistant, steel toe ana snann-
Page 5
I/So
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F.S.O.P. #4
Soots (outer), chemical-resistant, (disposaole)*
Boot covers (outer), chemical-resistant (disposable)*
Hard nat (face shield*)
Escape mas**
2-Way radio communications* (innerently safe)
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of tne following criteria permits use of Level C
protection
Oxygen concentrations are not less than 19.5X- oy volume.
Measured air concentrations of identified substances will
oe reduced oy tne respirator oelow tne suostance's
tnresnold limit value (TLV) and the concentration is witnin
the service limit of the canister.
Atmospneric contaminant concentrations do not exceed IDLH
levels.
Atmospneric contaminants, liquid splashes, or other oirect
contact will not aaversely affect the small area left
unprotected oy cnemical-resistant clotning.
Joo functions oo not require self-contained breathing
apparatus.
Direct readings are a few ppms above oackground on
instruments sucn as tne FID or PIO. (See Appendices I and
II.)
D. Level 0 Protection
1. Personal protective equipment
Coveralls
Gloves*
Boots/shoes, leather or chemical-resistant, steel toe and
snank
Safety glasses or cnemical splash goggles*
Hard nat (face Shield)*
'Optional
Page b
1/S5
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F.S.O.P. #4
d. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of the following criteria allows use of Level 0
protection.
- No contaminants are present.
- Woric functions preclude splashes, immersion, or potential for
unexpected innalation of any cnemicals.
Level 0 protection is primarily a wortc uniform. It can be worn
only in areas, wnere tnere is no possioility of contact with
contamination.
Page 7
1/85
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SECTION III
INITIAL SURVEYS
1/85
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F.S.O.P. f4
PROCESS. SITE ENTRY
III. INITIAL SURVEYS
In general, tne initial entry is considered a relatively rapid
screening process for collecting preliminary data on site
nazaras.
Or immediate concern to initial entry personnel are atmospneric
conditions *nvcn could affect tneir immediate safety. Tnese
conditions are. airoorne toxic suostances, comoustiole gases or
vapors, UCK of oxygen, and to a lesser extent, ionizing
radiation. Priorities for monitoring tnese potential nazards
snould be estaolished after a careful evaluation of conditions.
Page 8
l/Ss
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F.S.O.P. No. 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
Flow Sheet
SITE ENTRY
1
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL A PROTECTION
EXCLUSION ZONE
t
SITE ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
0
COMPLETE CLOSING SUIT
CONNECT BREATHING HOSE/OPEN
MAIN LINE
CLOSE ALL FASTENERS EXCEPT
NEAR BREATHING HOSE
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
i
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP #7)
EQU
CONTAMINATION
0 REDUCTION
ZONE
0
0
0
t
IPMENT PE
*0rder may be reversed depending on suit type.
L8J
so-;
0
0
CO
0
0
0
0
1
RSONN
Steps
GET INTO SLEEVES A DON SUIT
PUT ON INNER GLOVES
OPEN VALVE TO AIR TANK
DON FACEPIECE
OON SCBA
PUT ON BOOTS*
STEP INTO LEGS OF SUIT*
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
SUPPORT
ZONE
EL
#1-11 may be done outside but
adjacent to the contamination reduction zone.
age q
1/85
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SECTION IV
FLOW CHARTS
FOR
SITE ENTRY
1/85
-------
F.S.O.H. No. 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
Flow Sheet
SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL 8 PROTECTION
I EXCLUSION ZONE
t
MM MlJ SITE ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP »7)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
0
0
CONNECT BREATMNG TUBE WHILE
OPENING MAIN LINE VALVE
PUT ON HOOO A SECURE
DON SCBA AND FACEMASK
TAPE GLOVES TO SUIT
PUT ON OUTER GLOVES
PUT ON INNER GLOVES
TAPE BOOTIES TO SUIT
PUT ON BOOTS AND LATEX BOOTIES
DON CHEMICAL SUIT
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
t
t
SUPPORT
ZONE
EQUIPMENT PERSONNEL
may be done outside but adjacent to the contamination reduction zone.
Steps #1-
*May be donned before outer gloves.
Page 1
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F.S.O.P. No. 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL C PROTECTION
Flow Sheet
SITS ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP #7)
EQU
'Boots donned first only
I EXCLUSION
..0 1
0
0
0 CONTAMINATION
•REDUCTION-
ZONE
0
0
0
t
ZONE
t
noj
0
0
0
0
Cv
0
0
0
0
1
SITE ENTRY
PUT ON HOOD & SECURE
DON FACEPIECE
TAPE GLOVES TO SUIT
PUT ON INNER AND OUTER GLOVES
TAPE BOOTIES TO SUIT
DON SPLASH SUIT AND LATEX*
BOOTIES
DON STEEL-TOED BOOTS*
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
CONNECT CANISTER TO FACEPIECE
SUPPORT
ZONE
IPMENT PERSONNEL
when using dispensable
Steps #1-11 may be done outside but adjacent to
coveralls with attached booties.
the contamination reduction zone.
Page 11
1/85
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SECTION VII
SUMMARY
OF
FIELD EQUIPMENT
1/85
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FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
OPERATING PROCEDURES
Prepared by:
Approved by:
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
Date:
Level A Donning
TRAINING
Gil IDF/NOTES
Measures Taken
-~^ a>
coin
01 n>
Station 1: Apply Antifog
Station 2: Step Into Legs of
Suit
Station 3: Put On Boots
Station 4: Don SCBA
Station 5: Don Faceplece
Station 6: Open Valve
Station 7: Don Inner Gloves
Station 8: Get Into Sleeves
Station 9: Close Fasteners
Station 10: Connect Breathing
Hose
Station 11: Don Suit and Close
Station 12- Check Equipment
Use antlfog on suit and mask facepieces (nose cups
may be applicable).
While sitting, step Into legs, place feet properly,
and gather suit around waist.
While sitting, cover feet of suit, put on steel
toe and shank boots.
Put on SCBA and harness assembly.
Put on faceplece and adjust to be secure - do not
connect breathing hose.
Open valve to air tank.
Put on Inner gloves.
Helper pulls suit up and over SCBA, adjusting suit
around SfRA backpack and user's shoulders.
Close all fasteners until there Is only room
to connect breathing hose. Secure belts
and adjustments.
Connect breathing hose while opening main valve.
When properly breathing In SCBA, complete closing
suit.
Check'equipment (e.g. communication, etc.)
[
Fntpr site with necessary monitoring equipment
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date.
OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
TRAINING
GUIDF/NOTES
7T. Level B Donning
Measures Taken
Station 1:Apply Antlfog
Station 2: Don Suit
Station 3: Don Boots
Station 4: Taping
Station 5: Don Inner
Gloves
Station 6: Don Outer
Gloves
Station 7: Taping
Station 8: Don SCBA
Station 9: Connect Breathing
Tube
Station 10: Site Entry
Use antlfog on facepiece (nose cups may be applicable).
Put on chemical resistant splash suit, tape
around waist if necessary.
Put on steel-toed and shanked boots and latex booties.
Make sure booties are outside of suit.
Tape booties to suit. Also tape around the arch
of the boot to keop booties In place.
Put on Inner gloves.
Put on outer gloves. Make sure gloves are outside of sleeves.
Tape gloves to suit.
Put on SCBA and facemask. Open tank valve.
Connect breathing tube while opening
main line valve.
Enter site with necessary monitoring equipment.
CD IO
cn ft>
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date-
OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
Level L Donning
Measures Taken
Station 1: Canister Application
Station 2: Apply Ant1 fog
Station 3: Don Roots
Station 4: Don Splash Suit
Station 5: Taping
Station 6: Glove Donning
Station 7: Taping
Station 8: Don Facepiece
Station 9: Site Entry
Screw appropriate canister to facepiece.
Use antifog on fareploce (nose cup may be applicable).
Put on steel-toed and shanked boots.
Put on splash suit and latex booties.
Be sure booties are outside of suit.
Tape booties to suit.
Put on inner and outer gloves. Be sure outer
gloves are outside of sleeves.
Tape gloves to suit.
Put on and secure facepiece.
Enter site with necessary monitoring
equipment.
cn n>
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO: 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Level A Doffing
Prepared by:
Approved by:
STEP SEQUENCE INFORMATION/OPERATING COALS/SPECIFICATIONS
Date:
TRAINING
GUIPE/NOTES
Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Station 1:Segregated Equipment
Drop
Station 2: Boot Cover and
Glove Wash
Station 3: Boot Cover and
Glove Rinse
Station 4: Tape Removal
Station 5: Boot Cover
Removal
Station 6: Outer Glove
Removal
Station 7: Suit and Boot
Wash
Station 8- Suit and Boot
Rinse
T!Deposit equipment used on site (tools, sampling
devices and containers, monitoring Instruments,
radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths
or in different containers with plastic liners.
During hot weather operations, a cooldown station
may be set up within this area.
2. Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
solution or detergent/water.
3. Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 usinq
copious amounts of water.
4. Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
in container with plastic liner.
5. Remove boot covers and deposit in container
with plastic liner.
6. Remove outer gloves and deposit in container
with plastic liner.
7. Wash encapsulating suit and boots using scrub brush
and decon solution or detergent/water. Repeat
as many times as necessary.
8. Rinse off decon solution using water. Repeat
as many times as necessary.
CD
cn
at
«o
ro
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO: 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Level A Doffing
Prepared by:
Approved by:
STEP SEQUENCE INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
Date.
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Tank Change
Station 10: Safety Boot
Removal
Station 11: Fully-Encapsulating
Suit and Hard Hat
Removal
Station 12: SCBA Backpack
Removal
Station 13: Inner Glove Wash
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Station 15: Face Piece Removal
9. If an air tank change is desired, this is the
last step in the decontamination procedure.
Air tank is exchanged, new outer gloves and
boot covers donned, and joints taped. Worker
returns to duty.
10. Remove safety boots and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
11. Fully-encapsulated suit is removed with
assistance of a helper and laid out on a drop
cloth or hung up. Hard hat Is removed. Hot
weather rest station may be set up within this
area for personnel returning to site.
12. While still wearing facepiece, remove backpack
and place on table. Disconnect hose from
regulator valve and proceed to next station.
13. Wash with decon solution that will not
harm the skin. Repeat as often as necessary.
14. Rinse with water. Repeat as many times as
necessary.
15. Remove face piece. Deposit in container with
plastic liner. Avoid touching face with
fingers.
--» 01
CO IO
en to
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by.
Date:
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATTWr PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
W. Level * Doffing
I.Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Station 16: Inner Glove
Removal
Station 17. Inner Clothing
Removal
Station 18: Field Wash
Station 19: Redress
16. Remove inner gloves and deposit in container
with liner.
17. Remove clothing snaked with perspiration and
place In lined container. Do not wear inner
clothing off-site since there is a possibility
that small amounts of contaminants might have
been transferred in removing the fully-
encapsulated suit.
18. Shower If highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skln-
absorbable materials are known or suspected
to be present Wash hands and face If shower
Is not available.
19. Put on clean clothes.
t— • TJ
CD m
in rt>
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
7(1 Level B Doffing
TRAINING—
GUIDE/NOTES
1. Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
t— -a
Station i: Segregated Equipment
Drop
Station 2: Boot Cover and
Glove Wash
Station 3: Boot Cover and
Glove Rinse
Station 4: Tape Removal
Station 5: Boot Cover
Removal
Station 6: Outer Glove
Removal
Station 7: Suit and Safety
Boot Wash
1. Deposit equipment used on site (tools, sampling
devices and contaners, monitoring instruments,
radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths
or in different containers with plastic liners.
Segregation at the drop reduces the probability
of cross-contamination. During hot weather
operations, cool down stations may be set up within
this area.
2. Scrub outer boot covers and qloves with decon
solution or detergent and water.
3. Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using
copious amounts of water.
4. Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
In container with plastic liner.
5. Remove boot covers and deposit in container
with plastic liner.
6. Remove outer gloves and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
7. Wash chemical-resistant splash suit, SCBA,
gloves, and safety boots. Scrub with long-handle
scrub brush and decon solution. Wrap SCBA
regulator (if belt mounted type) with plastic
to keep out of water. Wash backpack assembly
with sponges or cloths.
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPFRATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCFSS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
A. Level B Doffing
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
\.Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Station^:
Suit, SCBA, Boot,
and Glove Rinse
Station 9: Tank Change
Station 10: Safety Boot
Removal
Station 11: SCBA Backpack
Removal
Station 12: Splash Suit
Removal
Station 13: Inner Glove Wash
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Station 15: Face Piece Removal
8. Rinse off decon solution using copious amounts
of water.
9. If worker leaves exclusion zone to change air
tank, this Is the last step In the decon-
tamination procedure. Worker's air tank Is
exchanged, new outer gloves and boot covers
donned, and joints taped. Worker returns to
duty.
10. Remove safety boots and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
11. While still wearing faceplece, remove back-
pack and place on table. Disconnect hose from
regulator valve.
12. With assistance of helper, remove splash suit.
Deposit In container with plastic liner.
13. Wash Inner gloves with decon solution.
14. Rinse Inner gloves with water.
15. Remove face piece. Deposit In container with
plastic liner. Avoid touching face with fingers.
-^ Ot
COU3
171 (D
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING PROCEDURES
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
A:Level B Doffing
T.Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Station 16:
Station 17:
Inner Glove
Removal
Inner Clothing
Removal
Station 18: Field Mash
Station 19. Redress
16. Remove inner gloves and deposit in container
with liner.
17. Remove clothing soaked with perspiration.
Place in container with liner. Do not wear
inner clothing off-site since there is a
possibility that small amounts of contaminants
might have been transferred in removing the
fully-encapsulated suit.
•
18. Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skin-
absorbable materials are known or suspected
to be present. Wash hands and face if shower
is not available.
19. Put on clean clothes.
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FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO: 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Level C Doffing
1. Maximum Measures
STEP SEQUENCE
Station 1 : Segregated
Prepared by:
Approved by:
INFORMAIlON/OPtRAMNG GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
Equipment 1. Deposit equipment used on site (tools, sar
Date.
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
npling
Taken for
Decontamination
Drop
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Station 2:
Station 3:
Station 4:
Station 5.
Station 6:
Station 7:
Station 8:
Boot Cover and
Glove Wash
Boot Cover and
Glove Rinse
Tape Removal
Boot Cover
Removal
Outer Glove
Removal
Suit and Boot
Wash
Suit and Boot,
and Glove Rinse
devices and containers, monitoring Instruments,
radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop
cloths or in different containers with plastic
liners. Segregation at the drop reduces the
probability of cross contamination. During hot
weather operations, a cool down station may be
set up within this area.
2. Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
solution or detergent and water.
3. Rinse off decon solution from station 2 using
copious amounts of water.
4. Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
1n container with plastic liner.
5. Remove boot covers and deposit in container
with plastic liner.
6. Remove outer gloves and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
7. Wash splash unit, gloves, and safety boots.
Scrub with long-handle scrub brush and decon
solution.
8. R'inse off decon solution using water. Repeat as
many times as necessary.
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FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date.
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING PROCEDURES
TRAINING
GUIPE/NOTES
A. Level C Doffing
Maximum Measures
Take for
Decontamination
btation 9: Canister or
Mask Change
Station 10: Safety Boot
Removal
Station 11: Splash Suit
Removal
Station 12: Inner Glove
Wash
Station 13: Inner Glove
Rinse
Station 14: Face Piece
Removal
Station 15: Inner Glove
Removal
9. If worker leaves exclusion zone to change
canister (or mask), this Is the last step
In the decontamination procedure. Worker's
canister is exchanged, new outer gloves and
boot covers donned, and joints taped worker
returns to duty.
10. Remove safety boots and deposit In container
with plastic Uner.
11. With assistance of helper, remove splash suit.
Deposit In container with plastic Uner.
12. Wash Inner gloves with decon solution.
13. Rinse Inner gloves with water.
14. Remove face piece. Deposit In container with
plastic liner. Avoid touching face with
fingers.
15. Remove Inner gloves and deposit In lined
container.
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FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO:
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
INFORMATION/OPEKAI1HG GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
A.Level C Doffing
T.Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Station 16:Inner Clothing
Removal
Station 17: Field Wash
Station 18: Redress
16. Remove clothing soaked with perspiration and
place 1n lined container. Do not wear inner
clothing off-site since there Is a possibility
that small amounts of contaminants might have
been transferred In removing the fully-
encapsulated suit.
17. Shower If highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skin-
absorbable materials are known or suspected to
be present. Wash hands and face if shower is
not available.
18. Put on clean clothes.
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F.S.O.P. #4
PROCESS. SITE ENTRY
IV. SUMMARY OF FIELD EQUIPMENT
A. Initial Site Entry
The initial on-site entry is to determine, on a preliminary oasis,
nazardous or potentially nazaraous conditions. The main effort is to
rapialy identify tne immediate nazaras tnat may affect tne public,
response personnel, and the environment. Of major concern are tne real
or potential Gangers - for example, fire, explosion, oxygen-deficient
atmospneres, radiation, airoorne contaminants, containerized or pooled
nazaraous suostances tnat could affect workers during subsequent
operations.
1. Organic Vapors and Gases
If tne type(s) of organic substance(s) involved in an incident is
Known ana tne material is volatile or can oecome airborne, air
measurements for organics snould oe made witn one or more
appropriate, properly caliorated survey instruments.
When tne presence or types of organic vapors/gases are unknown, field
analyzers using pnotoiomzation and/or flame lomzation detectors
(PIO/FIO), operated in tne total readout mode, snould oe used to
detect organic vapors. Until specific constituents can oe
laentifiea, tne reaaout indicates total airborne suostances to whicn
tne instrument is responding. Identification of tne inoividual
vapor/gas constituents permits tne instruments to be calibrated and
used for more specific analysis wnen used witn cnromatograpn columns.
Sufficient data should be obtained during tne initial entry to map or
screen tne site for various levels of organic vapors. These gross
measurements can oe used on a preliminary oasis to: 1) determine
levels of personnel protection, 2) estaolisn site worn zones, and
3) select candioate areas for more tnorougn qualitative ana
quantitative studies.
2. Inorganic Vapors and Gases
Tne ability to detect ana quantity nonspecific inorganic vapors and
gases is extremely limited. Presently, tne pnotoionization detector
nas limitea detection capaoihty wmle tne flame lonization detector
has none. (See Appenoix I for cnaracteristics). If specific
inorganics are Known or suspectea to oe present, measurements should
oe made witn appropriate instruments, if available. Colonmetric
tuoes can oe usea if substances present are
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F.S.O.P. #4
C. Radiation
Aitnougn radiation monitoring is not necessary for all responses, it
snould oe incorporated in tne initial survey where radioactive
materials may oe present - for example, fires at warehouses or
nazardous material storage facilities, transportation incidents
involving unknown materials, or aoandoned waste sites.
Normal gamma radiation background is approximately 0.01 to 0.02
milliroentgen per hour (mR/nr) on a gamma survey instrument. Work
can continue with elevated radiation exposure rates, however, if tne
exposure rate increases two times aoove gamma oacicground, a qualified
healtn pnysicist should oe consulted. At no time should work
continue with an exposure rate of 10 mR/nr or aoove without the
advice of a healtn pnysicist. EPA's Office of Air, Noise, ana
Radiation has radiation specialists in each Region, as well as at
facilities in Montgomery, Alaoama, and Las Vegas, Nevada, to assist.
Tne aosence of gamma readings aoove oackground should not oe
interpreted as tne complete aosence of radioactivity. Radioactive
materials emitting alpha, or oeta radiation may oe present, but
virtually all alpha and oeta emitters tnat you can reasonably expect
to ue found at incident sites will also oe ga/nma emitters and
therefore be measured witn tne gamma survey.
'» *
U. Oxygen Deficiency
At sea level, ambient air contains at least ly.5% oxygen by volume.
At lower percentages, air-supplied respiratory protective equipment
is needed. Oxygen measurements are of particular importance for woric
in enclosed spaces, low-lying areas, or in the vicinity of accidents
tnat nave produced neavier-than-air vapors, wnicn could displace
amoient air. These oxygen-deficient areas are also prime locations
for taking further organic vapor ana combustible gas measurements,
since the air tnat nas been displaced oy other substances will affect
tne readings of some instruments (e.g. comoustible gas meters need
normal oxygen levels for accurate results). Oxygen-enriched
atmospneres increase tne potential for fires.
E. Combustible Gases
Tne presence or aosence of comoustible vapors or gases must be
determined. If readings approacn or exceed 10% of the lower
explosive limit (LEL), extreme caution should oe exercised in
continuing the investigation. If readings approacn or exceed 253.
LEL, personnel snould oe withdrawn immediately. Before resuming any
on-site activities, project personnel in consultation with experts in
fire or explosion prevention must develop procedures for continuing
operations. Also, levels in this range are sure to oe quite high
witn respect to initial action exposure limits.
Page 25
1/85
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F.S.O.P. #*
F. Visual Observations
Wmle on-site, tne initial entry team snould make visual ooservations
which would nelp in evaluating site nazards - for example, dead fisn
or otner animals, land features, wind direction, labels on containers
indicating explosive, flammaole, toxic, or corrosive material,
conditions conuucive to splasn or contact with unconfined liquids,
sludges, or solids, and otner general conditions.
(a. Direct-Reading Instruments
A variety of airborn toxics, (including organic and inorganic vapors,
gases, or particulates) can be produced at, ror example, abandoned
waste sites, fires at cnemical manufacturing, storage, reprocessing,
or formulating facilities; or fires involving pesticides.
Direct-reading field instruments will not detect or measure all of
tnese substances. Tnus, negative readings snould not be interpreted
as tne complete absence of airborne toxic substances. Verification
of negative results can only be oone by collecting air samples and
analyzing tnem in a laooratory.
H. Altnough it may seem tnat tne process of transporting sampling
equipment into a nazardous waste site would primarily rely on common
sense, there are some general guidelines wnich should be followed.
Tnese are.
1. Set up decontamination stations for sampling equipment before
moving equipment into contaminated area, (see FSOP #7)
i. Laoel all sampling containers.
3. Warm up equipment if necessary.
4. Calibrate equipment before ano after use.
5. Test equipment to see if it is functioning properly.
t>. Double bag all non-disposable sampling equipment as well as
electrical and camera equipment.
Page 26
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F.S.O.P. #4
TABLE 4-1
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARD GUIDELINES
Monitoring Equipment
Hazard
Amoient Level
Action
Comoustiole gas indicator
Explosive
atmospnere
Oxygen concentration meter Oxygen
Radiation survey
Raaiation
Colorimetnc tuoes
Organic and
inorganic
vapors/gases
1UX LEL Continue investigation
10%-25X Continue on-site
monitoring witn extreme
caution as higner levels
are encountered.
25% LEL Potential explosion
hazard, withdraw from
area immediately.
19.5X Monitor wearing SCBA.
NOTE Comoustiole gas
readings are not valid
in atmospneres witn less
tnan 19.5% oxygen.
19.b-25% Continue investigation
witn caution. SCBA not
needed, cased on oxygen
content only.
"7^5.00% Discontinue inspection;
fire nazard potential.
Consult specialist.
1 mR/nr Continue investigation.
If radiation is detected
aoove oactcground levels,
the presence of possible
radiation sources is
indicated, at tnis
level, more thorough
monitoring is advisable.
Consult with a health
physicist.
10 mR/hr Potential radiation
nazard; evacuate site.
Continue monitoring only
upon the advice of a
health physicist.
Depends on Consult standard
species reference manuals for
air concentrations/
toxicity oata.
Page il
1/85
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F.S.O.P. #4
TABLE 4-1 (Continued)
HNU pnotoionizer
Pnotoiomzation detector
Organic vapor analyzer/
Flame lonuation detector
Organic
vapors/gases
1) Depends on
species
2)
Total
response
mode
Organic
1) Depends on
species
2) Total
response
mooe
Consult standard
reference manuals for
air concentrations/
toxicity data.
Consult EPA Standard
Operating Procedures.
Consult standard
reference manuals for
air concentratons/
toxicity data.
Consult EPA Standard
Operating Procedures.
Page 28
1/35
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SECTION VIII
SC8A CHECKOUT PROCEDURES
1/35
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F.S.O.P. *4
PROCESS. SITE ENTRY
I. INTRODUCTION
iCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES
Before a self-contained oreatning apparatus can oe usea, it must be
properly inspected. Botn of tne checklists tnat follow can nelp
ensure proper inspection. Tne first cnecxhst is for
pressure-demand SC8A units witn no mode-select lever, sucn as tne
MbA 401. Tne second cnecxhst is for SCBAs witn mode-select levers,
sucn as Scott Airpaics and Survivair units. ,
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