vv EPA
             United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
           Office of
           Solid Waste and
           Emergency Response
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: 9285.2-01


TITLE: FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUALS. FSOP #4
    SITE ENTRY
              APPROVAL DATE:  01/01/85

              EFFECTIVE DATE:  01/01/85

              ORIGINATING OFFICE:  <*«« of Solid Waste

              0 FINAL

              D DRAFT

               STATUS:



              REFERENCE (other documents):
 OS WER      OS WER      OS WER
/£   DIRECTIVE   DIRECTIVE   Di

-------
 03/19/87       United States Environmental Protection Agency
                       Washington, D C 20460
  EPA  OSWER Directive Initiation Request
                                                         1  Directive Number

                                                             9285.2-01
                             2. Originator Information
 Name of Contact Person
    DORRLER
                           Mail Cod*
Office
  OERR/HRSD/
Telephone Number
 340-6740
 3 Title
      FIELD STANDARD  OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUALS:  FSOP #4 -
      SITE ENTRY
 4 Summary of Directive (Include brief statement of purpose)                  i

  Provides site entry procedures that field response
  personnel can use to  minimize the  risk of exposure
  to hazardous substances.(1/85, 38  pp)
5 Keywords

    SUPERFUND, CERCLA,  SITE SAFETY,  EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY
    PROCEDURES
6a Does this Directive Supercede Previous Dlrectlve(s)?|   |  yes  |   X] No     What directive (number, title)


b Does it Supplement Previous Directives^)?
                                  J  yes  I	X]  No   What directive (number, title)
7 Draft Level

    A-SlgnedbyAA/DAA
                      B - Signed by Office Director
      C • For Review & Comment
           In Developmen
This Request Meets OSWER Directives System Format
8 Signature of Lead Office Directives Coordinator
                                                        Date
9 Name and Title of Approving Official

    HEDEMAN
                                                        Date

                                                          01/01/85
       OSWER           OSWER             OSWER
                DIRECTIVE        DIRECTIVE

-------
                           OSWER Directive  9285-2-01
   FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES



                  FOR



               SITE  ENTRY





               F.S.O.P.  4





   U S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY



OFFICE OF EMERGENCY  AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE



   HAZARDOUS  RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION



         WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460
                                                    1/85

-------
    The mention of trace names or commercial products in tnis manual  is
for illustration purposes ana does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use oy tne Environmental Protection Agency.

    Contents of tnis manual do not necessarily reflect tne views ana
policies of tne Environmental Protection Agency.
                                                                      1/85

-------
                             TABLE OF CONTENTS
  I.  INTRODUCTION
         Objectives                                         1
         Background                                         1
         Brief Description of Site Entry Procedures         1
         Site Level Determination                           1
         Selection of Sampling Equipment                    2
 II.  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT                         3

         Level A Protection                                 3
         Level B Protection                                 4
         Level C Protection                                 5
         Level D Protection                                 6

III.  INITIAL SURVEYS                                       8

 IV.  FLOW CHARTS FOR SITE ENTRY                            9

         Level A Entry                                      9
         Level B Entry                                     10
         Level C Entry                                     11

  V.  PROCEDURES FOR DONNING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT          12

         Level A Donning                                   12
         Level B Donning                                   13
         Level C Donning                                   14

 VI.  PROCEDURES FOR DOFFING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT          15

         Level A Doffing and Decon                         15
         Level B Doffing and Decon                         18
         Level C Doffing and Decon                         21

VII.  SUMMARY OF FIELD EQUIPMENT                           24

VIII. SCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES                             29
                                                                       1/85

-------
 SEtTION I





INTRODUCTION
                                      1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. #4
PROCESS   SITE ENTRY

  I.  Oojectives

         Tms document provides site entry procedures  tnat  field  response
         personnel  can use to minimize tne risk  of  exposure to  nazardous
         suostances.

 II.  Background

         Tnese proceoures nave oeen derived by reorganizing the U.S.
         Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Emergency and
         Remedial  Responses (US EPA, OERR), Wasnington,  DC.  "Standard
         Operating  Safety buides", Novemoer 1984,  into a format more
         appropriate for use in tne field  at nazardous materials
         responses.

Ill    Brief Description of Site Entry Procedures

     1    Personnel  Entry

         Personnel  entering sites of nazardous suostance inciaents must
         use adequate safety precautions  to minimize exposure to  a host
         of contaminants wnicn may nave long term or immediate  nealtn
         affects.   Tnese precautions include selecting and  properly using
         anu decontaminating personal protective equipment.  Eacn  site  is
         separate  and distinct as is each  site entry.   The  EPA  (OERR) has
         designatea  levels of protection,  oasea  on  site cnaractenstics,
         for tneir  own use.  In situations wnere the type(s) of
         cnemical(s), conceritration(s), and possioi lities of contact  are
         not well cnaracterized, experienced professionals  must select
         tne appropriate level of protection oased  on  potential exposure,
         unti i  tne  nazaras can oe oetter  characterized.


     2.   Protective  Equipment Level

         The EPA (OERR) nas classified the equipment to protect tne body
         against contact with known or potential chemical hazards  into
         tour categories according to tne  degree of protection  afforded.

         a.   Level  A.  Affords tne highest available  level of
              respiratory, smn, and eye  protection.

         o.   Level  8:  Affords tne mghest level  of respiratory
              protection, out a lesser level of  skin protection.   Level  8
              protection is the minimum level recommended on initial  site
              entries until tne nazaros nave oeen further defined Dy
              cm-sue studies.
                                                                   Page 1
                                                                   1/35

-------
F.S.O.P. # 4
     c.  Level  C.   Afforas appropriate protection  wnen  tne type(s)  of
         airoorne  substance(s)  is Known,  the concentration(s)  is
         measurea, and experienceu professionals judge  that the criteria
         for using air-purifying respirators are met.
     d.  Level  D.   Afforos minimal protection.  Level 0 is primarily a
         wurK uniform and should not oe worn on any site with  respiratory
         or skin hazards.
     3.  Selection of Level  of  Protection
         Tne Level of Protection selected snould be oased primarily on
         tne following.
         Type(s) and measured concentration(s) of  tne chemical
         suostance(s) in  the ambient atmosphere and its toxicity.
         Potential exposure to  suostances in air,  splasnes of  liquids,  or
         otner  direct contact with material  aue to war* being  performed.
     4.  Selection of Sampling  Equipment
         Sampling  equipment  used on site  snould be selected to meet the
         fol lowing criteria
         -   Provides information useful for  protecting  personnel.
         -   Is  convenient to use and maintain.
         -   Is  disposaole if possiole.
         -   Can be oagged witn  plastic to avoid the need for
            decontamination.
         -   Will not initiate on explosion if used in  an explosive
            atomosphere.
         -   Can be easily decontaminated.
                                                                    Page 2
                                                                    1/85

-------
    SECTION  II





PERSONAL PROTECTIVE



     EQUIPMENT
                                           1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. I 4
PROCESS   SITE ENTRY

III.  Levels of Protection

A.   Level A Protection

     I.  Personal  protective equipment

              Supplied-air respirator approved oy tfe Mine Safety and
              Healtn Aannnistration (MSHA)  and National  Institute of
              Occupational Safety ana Healtn (NIOSH).
              Respirators may oe

                   pressure-demand, self-contained breatning apparatus
                   (SCBA)

                                      or

                   pressure-aemand, airline respirator (with escape
                   oottle for Immeaiately Dangerous to Life ana  riealtn
                   (IDLh) or potential for  ILDH atmosphere)

              Fully encapsulating cnemicai-resistant suit

              Loverails*

              Long cotton unuerwear*

              Gloves (inner), cnemicai-resistant

              Boots, cnemical-resistant, steel toe ana snan* (Depending
              on suit construction, worn over or under suit boot)

              Hard nat* (unaer suit)

              Disposaole gloves ana ooot covers*  (Worn over fully
              encapsulating suit)

              Cooling unit*

              2-Way raaio communications (innerently safe)

     2.  Criteria  for selection

         Meeting any of tne following criteria warrants use of Level  A
         Protection.

              Tne  cnemical suostance(s) nas oeen laentifiea and  requires
              tne  nignest level of protection for skin, eyes, and tne
              respiratory system cased on

                   measurea (or potential for) mgn concentrations of
                   atmospneric vapors, gases, or particulates
"Optional                                                            Page 3
                                                                    1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. #4

                                            or

                   site operations and work functions involves hign
                   potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to un-
                   expected vapors, gases, or participates of materials
                   mgnly toxic to tne s
-------
F.S.O.P. #4

     2.  Criteria for selection.

         Meeting any one of these criteria warrants  use of  Level  B
         protection:

              Tne type ana atmospnenc concentration of toxic  substances
              have oeen identified and requires  a nigh  level of
              respiratory protection, out less  SKin  protection than  Level
              A.  Tnese would oe atmospneres.

                   witn concentrations Immediatly Dangerous to Life  and
                   Healtn, out substance or concentration in the  air does
                   not represent a severe SKin  nazard

                                       or

                   that do not meet the selection criteria permitting the
                   use of air-purifying respirators.

              The atmosphere contains less tnan ly.5% oxygen.

              It is mgnly unliicely tnat the work being done will
              generate mgn concentrations of vapors, gases or
              particulates, or splasnes of material  tnat will  affect tne
              siun of personnel wearing Level  B protection.

              Atmospnenc concentrations of unidentified vapors  or  gases
              are indicated o-y direct reaaings  o'n instruments  such  as tne
              FID or PID or similar instruments, out vapors and  gases are
              not suspected of containing high  levels of cnemicals  toxic
              to stein.
C.   Level C Protection

     1.  Personal  protective equipment

              Air-purifying respirator, full-face, canister-equippeo
              (MSHA/NIOSH approved)

              Chemical-resistant clothing (coveralls, nooded, one-piece
              or two piece chemical splash suit, chemical-resistant hood
              ana  apron; disposable cnemical-resistant coveralls)

              Coveralls*

              Long cotton underwear*

              Gloves (outer), cnermcal-resistant

              Gloves (inner), cnemical-resistant

              Boots (outer), cneimcal-resistant, steel toe ana snann-

                                                                    Page 5
                                                                    I/So

-------
F.S.O.P. #4
              Soots (outer), chemical-resistant, (disposaole)*
              Boot covers (outer), chemical-resistant (disposable)*
              Hard nat (face shield*)
              Escape mas**
              2-Way radio communications* (innerently safe)
     2.  Criteria for selection
         Meeting any of tne following criteria permits use of Level C
         protection
              Oxygen concentrations are not less than 19.5X- oy volume.
              Measured air concentrations of identified substances will
              oe reduced oy tne respirator oelow tne suostance's
              tnresnold limit value (TLV) and the concentration is witnin
              the service limit of the canister.
              Atmospneric contaminant concentrations do not exceed IDLH
              levels.
              Atmospneric contaminants, liquid splashes, or other oirect
              contact will not aaversely affect the small area left
              unprotected oy cnemical-resistant clotning.
              Joo functions oo not require self-contained breathing
              apparatus.
              Direct readings are a few ppms above oackground on
              instruments sucn as tne FID or PIO.  (See Appendices I and
              II.)
D.   Level  0 Protection
     1.  Personal protective equipment
              Coveralls
              Gloves*
              Boots/shoes, leather or chemical-resistant, steel toe and
              snank
              Safety glasses or cnemical splash goggles*
              Hard nat (face Shield)*
'Optional
                                                                    Page b
                                                                    1/S5

-------
F.S.O.P. #4

    d.  Criteria for selection

        Meeting any of the following criteria allows use of Level 0
        protection.

        -  No contaminants are present.

        -  Woric functions preclude splashes, immersion, or potential for
           unexpected innalation of any cnemicals.

        Level 0 protection is primarily a wortc uniform.  It can be worn
        only in areas, wnere tnere is no possioility of contact with
        contamination.
                                                                    Page  7
                                                                    1/85

-------
  SECTION III





INITIAL SURVEYS
                                        1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. f4
PROCESS.  SITE ENTRY

III.  INITIAL SURVEYS

      In general,  tne initial  entry is considered a relatively rapid
      screening process for collecting preliminary data on site
      nazaras.

      Or immediate concern to  initial  entry personnel  are atmospneric
      conditions *nvcn could affect tneir immediate safety.   Tnese
      conditions are.  airoorne toxic  suostances, comoustiole gases  or
      vapors, UCK of oxygen,  and to a lesser extent,  ionizing
      radiation.  Priorities for monitoring tnese potential  nazards
      snould be estaolished after a careful evaluation of conditions.
                                                                    Page 8
                                                                    l/Ss

-------
           F.S.O.P.  No. 4

           PROCESS   SITE ENTRY
           Flow Sheet

           SITE ENTRY
1
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL A PROTECTION

        EXCLUSION  ZONE

                   t
                          SITE  ENTRY
          DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
          DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
          EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
          ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
          EQUIPMENT
          TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
          IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
                  0
                          COMPLETE  CLOSING SUIT
                          CONNECT BREATHING HOSE/OPEN
                          MAIN LINE
CLOSE ALL FASTENERS EXCEPT
NEAR BREATHING HOSE


CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
i
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY

LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP #7)

EQU

CONTAMINATION
0 REDUCTION
ZONE

0

0
0

t
IPMENT PE
*0rder may be reversed depending on suit type.
L8J
so-;
0
0
CO
0
0
0
0
1
RSONN
Steps
GET INTO SLEEVES A DON SUIT

PUT ON INNER GLOVES
OPEN VALVE TO AIR TANK
DON FACEPIECE
OON SCBA
PUT ON BOOTS*
STEP INTO LEGS OF SUIT*
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
SUPPORT
ZONE
EL
#1-11 may be done outside but
adjacent to the contamination reduction zone.



age q
1/85

-------
 SECTION  IV





FLOW CHARTS



    FOR



SITE ENTRY
                                  1/85

-------
F.S.O.H. No. 4

PROCESS  SITE ENTRY
Flow Sheet

SITE ENTRY
                             SITE ENTRY - LEVEL 8 PROTECTION

I                                      EXCLUSION ZONE

                                                t
                          MM                 MlJ    SITE  ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP »7)
0


0

0
0

0

0
                                               0
                                               0
                                CONTAMINATION
                                  REDUCTION
                                     ZONE
                                               0
                                               0
                                                       CONNECT  BREATMNG TUBE WHILE
                                                       OPENING  MAIN  LINE VALVE
                                                       PUT ON  HOOO  A  SECURE
                                                       DON SCBA AND FACEMASK
                                                       TAPE  GLOVES  TO  SUIT
                                                       PUT ON OUTER GLOVES
                                                       PUT ON INNER GLOVES
                                                       TAPE BOOTIES TO SUIT
                                                       PUT ON BOOTS AND LATEX BOOTIES
                                                       DON CHEMICAL SUIT
                                                       APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
                            t
                                                 t
                                                       SUPPORT
                                                        ZONE
                      EQUIPMENT           PERSONNEL
            may be done outside but adjacent  to the contamination reduction zone.
Steps #1-

*May be donned before outer gloves.
                                                                                  Page  1

-------
F.S.O.P. No. 4



PROCESS  SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL C PROTECTION

Flow Sheet
SITS ENTRY

DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY

CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP #7)

EQU
'Boots donned first only
I EXCLUSION

..0 	 1

0

0

0 CONTAMINATION
•REDUCTION-
ZONE
0
0
0



t
ZONE
t
noj
0
0
0
0
Cv
0
0
0
0



1


SITE ENTRY
PUT ON HOOD & SECURE
DON FACEPIECE
TAPE GLOVES TO SUIT
PUT ON INNER AND OUTER GLOVES
TAPE BOOTIES TO SUIT
DON SPLASH SUIT AND LATEX*
BOOTIES
DON STEEL-TOED BOOTS*
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
CONNECT CANISTER TO FACEPIECE



SUPPORT
ZONE
IPMENT PERSONNEL
when using dispensable
Steps #1-11 may be done outside but adjacent to




coveralls with attached booties.
the contamination reduction zone.


Page 11
1/85

-------
  SECTION VII





    SUMMARY



      OF



FIELD EQUIPMENT
                                     1/85

-------
                                                   FIELD  STANDARD  OPERATING  PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
  OPERATING PROCEDURES
                                                  Prepared by:

                                                  Approved by:
       STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
                                                     Date:
    Level A Donning
 TRAINING
Gil IDF/NOTES
Measures Taken
       -~^ a>
       coin
       01 n>
 Station 1:  Apply Antifog
                        Station 2:   Step  Into  Legs  of
                                     Suit

                        Station 3:   Put On Boots
                        Station 4:  Don SCBA

                        Station 5:  Don Faceplece


                        Station 6:  Open Valve

                        Station 7:  Don Inner Gloves

                        Station 8:  Get Into Sleeves


                        Station 9:  Close Fasteners
Station 10:  Connect Breathing
             Hose

Station 11:  Don Suit and Close


Station 12-  Check Equipment
    Use antlfog on suit and mask  facepieces  (nose cups
    may be applicable).

    While sitting, step Into legs,  place  feet properly,
    and gather suit around waist.

    While sitting, cover feet of  suit,  put on steel
    toe and shank  boots.

    Put on SCBA and harness assembly.

    Put on faceplece and adjust to  be  secure - do not
    connect breathing hose.

    Open valve to  air tank.

    Put on Inner gloves.

    Helper pulls suit up and over SCBA, adjusting suit
    around SfRA backpack  and user's shoulders.

    Close all  fasteners until there Is  only  room
    to connect breathing hose.  Secure  belts
    and adjustments.

    Connect breathing hose while  opening  main valve.


    When properly  breathing In  SCBA, complete closing
    suit.
   Check'equipment (e.g.  communication, etc.)
       [
    Fntpr site with necessary monitoring  equipment

-------
                                                   FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                 Prepared by:

                                                 Approved by:
                                                     Date.
  OPERATING PROCEDURES
      STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
 TRAINING
GUIDF/NOTES
7T.  Level B Donning

Measures Taken
Station 1:Apply Antlfog

Station 2:  Don Suit


Station 3:  Don Boots


Station 4:  Taping


Station 5:  Don Inner
            Gloves

Station 6:  Don Outer
            Gloves

Station 7:  Taping

Station 8:  Don SCBA

Station 9:  Connect Breathing
            Tube

Station 10:  Site Entry
    Use antlfog on facepiece (nose cups  may be applicable).

    Put on chemical  resistant splash suit,  tape
    around waist if necessary.

    Put on steel-toed and shanked boots  and latex booties.
    Make sure booties are outside of suit.

    Tape booties to suit.  Also tape around the arch
    of the boot to keop booties In place.

    Put on Inner gloves.
                                                             Put on outer gloves.   Make sure  gloves  are  outside  of sleeves.


                                                             Tape gloves to suit.

                                                             Put on SCBA and facemask.   Open  tank  valve.

                                                             Connect breathing tube while opening
                                                             main line valve.

                                                             Enter site with necessary  monitoring  equipment.
         CD IO
         cn ft>

-------
                                                   FIELD  STANDARD  OPERATING  PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                 Prepared by:
                                                 Approved by:
                                                     Date-
  OPERATING PROCEDURES
      STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
 TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
    Level L Donning
Measures Taken
Station 1:  Canister Application
Station 2:  Apply Ant1 fog
Station 3:  Don Roots
Station 4:  Don Splash Suit

Station 5:  Taping
Station 6:  Glove Donning

Station 7:  Taping
Station 8:  Don Facepiece
Station 9:  Site Entry
    Screw appropriate canister to facepiece.
    Use antifog on fareploce (nose cup may  be applicable).
    Put on steel-toed and shanked boots.
    Put on splash suit and latex booties.
    Be sure booties are outside of suit.
    Tape booties to suit.
    Put on inner and outer gloves.  Be sure outer
    gloves are outside of sleeves.
    Tape gloves to suit.
    Put on and secure facepiece.
    Enter site with necessary monitoring
    equipment.
      cn n>

-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO: 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY

OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Level A Doffing
Prepared by:
Approved by:

STEP SEQUENCE INFORMATION/OPERATING COALS/SPECIFICATIONS

Date:


TRAINING
GUIPE/NOTES

Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
                   Station 1:Segregated Equipment
                               Drop
                    Station 2:  Boot Cover and
                                Glove Wash

                    Station 3:  Boot Cover and
                                Glove Rinse

                    Station 4:  Tape Removal
                    Station 5:  Boot Cover
                                Removal

                    Station 6:  Outer Glove
                                Removal

                    Station 7:  Suit and Boot
                                Wash
                    Station 8-  Suit and Boot
                                Rinse
T!Deposit equipment used on site (tools, sampling
    devices and containers, monitoring Instruments,
    radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths
    or in different containers with plastic liners.
    During hot weather operations, a cooldown station
    may be set up within this area.

2.  Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
    solution or detergent/water.

3.  Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 usinq
    copious amounts of water.

4.  Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
    in container with plastic liner.

5.  Remove boot covers and deposit in container
    with plastic liner.

6.  Remove outer gloves and deposit in container
    with plastic liner.

7.  Wash encapsulating suit and boots using scrub brush
    and decon solution or detergent/water.  Repeat
    as many times as necessary.

8.  Rinse off decon solution using water.  Repeat
    as many times as necessary.
CD
cn
    at
    «o
    ro

-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO: 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY

OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Level A Doffing
Prepared by:
Approved by:

STEP SEQUENCE INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS

Date.


TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES

Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Tank Change
                   Station 10:  Safety Boot
                                Removal

                   Station 11:  Fully-Encapsulating
                                Suit and Hard Hat
                                Removal
                   Station 12:  SCBA Backpack
                                Removal
                   Station 13:  Inner Glove Wash
                   Station 14:  Inner Glove Rinse
                   Station 15:  Face Piece Removal
 9. If an air tank change is desired, this is the
    last step in the decontamination procedure.
    Air tank is exchanged, new outer gloves and
    boot covers donned, and joints taped.   Worker
    returns to duty.

10. Remove safety boots and deposit In container
    with plastic liner.

11. Fully-encapsulated suit is removed with
    assistance of a helper and laid out on a drop
    cloth or hung up.  Hard hat Is removed.  Hot
    weather rest station may be set up within this
    area for personnel returning to site.

12. While still wearing facepiece, remove  backpack
    and place on table.  Disconnect hose from
    regulator valve and proceed to next station.

13. Wash with decon solution that will not
    harm the skin.  Repeat as often as necessary.

14. Rinse with water.  Repeat as many times as
    necessary.

15. Remove face piece.  Deposit in container with
    plastic liner.  Avoid touching face with
    fingers.
  --» 01
  CO IO
  en to

-------
                                                  FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                                       Prepared by:

                                                                       Approved by.
                                                                                     Date:
                                                        INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATTWr PROCEDURES
       STEP SEQUENCE
 TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
W.  Level * Doffing
I.Maximum Measures
    Taken for
    Decontamination
Station 16:  Inner Glove
             Removal

Station 17.  Inner Clothing
             Removal
                       Station 18:  Field Wash
                       Station 19:  Redress
                                                         16. Remove inner gloves and deposit in container
                                                             with liner.

                                                         17. Remove clothing snaked with perspiration  and
                                                             place In lined container.   Do not  wear inner
                                                             clothing off-site since there is a possibility
                                                             that small amounts of contaminants might  have
                                                             been transferred in removing the fully-
                                                             encapsulated suit.

                                                         18. Shower If highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skln-
                                                             absorbable materials are known or  suspected
                                                             to be present   Wash hands and face If shower
                                                             Is not available.

                                                         19. Put on clean clothes.
        t— • TJ
        CD m
        in rt>

-------
                                                  FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                 Prepared by:

                                                 Approved by:
                                                    Date:
  OPERATING PROCEDURES
      STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
7(1  Level B Doffing
 TRAINING—
GUIDE/NOTES
1.  Maximum Measures
    Taken for
    Decontamination
      t— -a
Station i:   Segregated Equipment
            Drop
                        Station  2:  Boot Cover and
                                    Glove Wash

                        Station  3:  Boot Cover and
                                    Glove Rinse

                        Station  4:  Tape Removal
                        Station  5:  Boot Cover
                                    Removal

                        Station  6:  Outer Glove
                                    Removal

                        Station  7:  Suit and Safety
                                    Boot Wash
   1.   Deposit equipment used  on  site  (tools,  sampling
       devices and contaners,  monitoring  instruments,
       radios, clipboards,  etc.)  on  plastic drop cloths
       or in different containers with plastic  liners.
       Segregation at the drop reduces the probability
       of cross-contamination.  During hot weather
       operations, cool down stations may  be set up within
       this area.

   2.   Scrub outer boot covers and qloves with  decon
       solution or detergent and  water.

   3.   Rinse off decon solution from Station 2  using
       copious amounts of water.

   4.   Remove tape around boots and  gloves and  deposit
       In container with plastic  liner.

   5.   Remove boot covers and  deposit  in  container
       with plastic liner.

   6.   Remove outer gloves  and deposit In container
       with plastic liner.

   7.   Wash chemical-resistant splash  suit, SCBA,
       gloves, and safety boots.  Scrub with long-handle
       scrub brush and decon solution.  Wrap SCBA
       regulator (if belt mounted type) with plastic
       to keep out of water.   Wash backpack assembly
       with sponges or cloths.

-------
                                                  FIELD STANDARD OPFRATING PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCFSS: SITE ENTRY
                                           Prepared by:

                                           Approved by:
                                                                                      Date:
  OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
                                 INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
A.  Level B Doffing
                                                           TRAINING
                                                          GUIDE/NOTES
\.Maximum Measures
    Taken for
    Decontamination
Station^:
      Suit, SCBA, Boot,
      and Glove Rinse
                       Station 9:   Tank Change
                       Station 10:  Safety Boot
                                    Removal

                       Station 11:  SCBA Backpack
                                    Removal
                       Station 12:  Splash Suit
                                    Removal

                       Station 13:  Inner Glove Wash

                       Station 14:  Inner Glove Rinse

                       Station 15:  Face Piece Removal
 8. Rinse off decon solution using copious  amounts
    of water.

 9. If worker leaves exclusion zone to change  air
    tank, this Is the last step In the decon-
    tamination procedure.   Worker's air tank  Is
    exchanged, new outer gloves and boot covers
    donned, and joints taped.  Worker returns  to
    duty.

10. Remove safety boots and deposit In container
    with plastic liner.

11. While still wearing faceplece, remove back-
    pack and place on table.  Disconnect hose  from
    regulator valve.

12. With assistance of helper, remove splash  suit.
    Deposit In container with plastic liner.

13. Wash Inner gloves with decon solution.

14. Rinse Inner gloves with water.

15. Remove face piece.  Deposit In container  with
    plastic liner.  Avoid touching face with  fingers.
       -^ Ot
       COU3
       171 (D

-------
                                                  FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                  Prepared by:

                                                  Approved by:
                                                                                                           Date:
                               STEP  SEQUENCE
                                 INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING PROCEDURES
                                                          TRAINING
                                                          GUIDE/NOTES
A:Level B Doffing
T.Maximum Measures
    Taken for
    Decontamination
Station 16:
                        Station 17:
                                  Inner Glove
                                  Removal

                                  Inner Clothing
                                  Removal
                       Station  18:  Field Mash
                        Station  19.   Redress
16. Remove inner gloves and deposit in container
    with liner.

17. Remove clothing soaked with perspiration.
    Place in container with liner.   Do not wear
    inner clothing off-site since there is a
    possibility that small amounts  of contaminants
    might have been transferred in  removing the
    fully-encapsulated suit.
•
18. Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive or  skin-
    absorbable materials are known  or suspected
    to be present.  Wash hands and  face if shower
    is not available.

19. Put on clean clothes.
       o»
   CD
   cn
      IX)
      o

-------
                                              FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FSOP NO: 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY

OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Level C Doffing
1. Maximum Measures


STEP SEQUENCE

Station 1 : Segregated
Prepared by:
Approved by:

INFORMAIlON/OPtRAMNG GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS

Equipment 1. Deposit equipment used on site (tools, sar
Date.

TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES

npling
Taken for
Decontamination
Drop
    -•*. o>
    CD (O
    <_n (D
Station 2:


Station 3:


Station 4:


Station 5.


Station 6:


Station 7:



Station 8:
                                  Boot Cover and
                                  Glove Wash

                                  Boot Cover and
                                  Glove Rinse

                                  Tape Removal
                                  Boot Cover
                                  Removal

                                  Outer Glove
                                  Removal

                                  Suit and Boot
                                  Wash
Suit and Boot,
and Glove Rinse
     devices and containers, monitoring Instruments,
     radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop
     cloths or in different containers with plastic
     liners.  Segregation at the drop reduces the
     probability of cross contamination.   During hot
     weather operations, a cool down station may be
     set up within this area.

2.   Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
     solution or detergent and water.

3.   Rinse off decon solution from station 2 using
     copious amounts of water.

4.   Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
     1n container with plastic liner.

5.   Remove boot covers and deposit in container
     with plastic liner.

6.   Remove outer gloves and deposit In container
     with plastic liner.

7.   Wash splash unit, gloves, and safety boots.
     Scrub with long-handle scrub brush and decon
     solution.

8.   R'inse off decon solution using water.   Repeat as
     many times as necessary.

-------
                                                  FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                 Prepared by:

                                                 Approved by:
                                                                                                           Date.
                              STEP SEQUENCE
                                INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING PROCEDURES
 TRAINING
GUIPE/NOTES
A.  Level C Doffing
    Maximum Measures
    Take for
    Decontamination
btation  9:  Canister or
             Mask Change
                        Station 10:  Safety Boot
                                     Removal

                        Station 11:  Splash Suit
                                     Removal

                        Station 12:  Inner Glove
                                     Wash

                        Station 13:  Inner Glove
                                     Rinse

                        Station 14:  Face Piece
                                     Removal
                        Station 15:  Inner Glove
                                     Removal
                                                          9.  If worker leaves exclusion zone to change
                                                              canister (or mask), this Is the last step
                                                              In the decontamination procedure.   Worker's
                                                              canister is exchanged, new outer gloves and
                                                              boot covers donned, and joints taped worker
                                                              returns to duty.

                                                         10.  Remove safety boots and deposit In container
                                                              with plastic Uner.

                                                         11.  With assistance of helper, remove splash suit.
                                                              Deposit In container with plastic  Uner.

                                                         12.  Wash Inner gloves with decon solution.
                                   13.  Rinse Inner gloves with water.
                                   14.  Remove face piece.   Deposit In container with
                                        plastic liner.   Avoid touching face with
                                        fingers.

                                   15.  Remove Inner gloves and deposit In lined
                                        container.
        >-• TJ
        •^ Ol
        OOU3
        in co

-------
                                                   FIELD  STANDARD  OPERATING  PROCEDURES
  FSOP NO:
  PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
                                                                       Prepared by:

                                                                       Approved by:
                                                                               Date:
                                                         INFORMATION/OPEKAI1HG GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
 TRAINING
GUIDE/NOTES
A.Level C Doffing
T.Maximum Measures
    Taken for
    Decontamination
                      Station 16:Inner Clothing
                                   Removal
                         Station  17:   Field  Wash
                         Station  18:   Redress
                             16.  Remove clothing soaked with perspiration and
                                  place 1n lined container.  Do not wear inner
                                  clothing off-site since there Is a possibility
                                  that small amounts of contaminants might have
                                  been transferred In removing the fully-
                                  encapsulated suit.

                             17.  Shower If highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skin-
                                  absorbable materials are known or suspected to
                                  be present.  Wash hands and face if shower is
                                  not available.

                             18.  Put on clean clothes.
        --^ Di
        CD 10
        cn tt>


          IS)
          OJ

-------
F.S.O.P. #4
PROCESS.  SITE ENTRY


IV.  SUMMARY OF FIELD EQUIPMENT

     A.  Initial  Site Entry

     The initial  on-site entry is  to determine,  on  a  preliminary oasis,
     nazardous or potentially nazaraous  conditions.   The main effort  is to
     rapialy identify tne immediate nazaras  tnat may  affect  tne public,
     response personnel, and  the environment.  Of major concern are tne real
     or potential Gangers - for example,  fire, explosion,  oxygen-deficient
     atmospneres, radiation,  airoorne contaminants, containerized or  pooled
     nazaraous suostances tnat could affect  workers during subsequent
     operations.

     1.  Organic  Vapors  and Gases

         If tne type(s)  of organic substance(s)  involved  in  an  incident is
         Known ana tne material is volatile  or can  oecome  airborne, air
         measurements for organics snould oe made witn one or more
         appropriate, properly caliorated survey instruments.

         When tne presence or types of organic vapors/gases  are unknown,  field
         analyzers using pnotoiomzation  and/or  flame lomzation detectors
         (PIO/FIO),  operated  in tne total readout mode, snould  oe used  to
         detect organic  vapors.  Until specific  constituents can oe
         laentifiea,  tne reaaout  indicates total airborne  suostances  to whicn
         tne instrument  is responding.  Identification of  tne  inoividual
         vapor/gas constituents permits  tne  instruments to be  calibrated  and
         used for more specific analysis  wnen used  witn cnromatograpn columns.

         Sufficient data should be obtained  during  tne  initial  entry  to map or
         screen tne site for  various levels  of organic vapors.  These gross
         measurements can oe  used  on a preliminary  oasis  to:  1)  determine
         levels of personnel  protection,  2)  estaolisn site  worn zones, and
         3)   select candioate areas for  more tnorougn qualitative ana
         quantitative studies.

     2.  Inorganic Vapors and Gases

         Tne ability to  detect ana quantity  nonspecific  inorganic vapors  and
         gases is extremely limited.  Presently, tne  pnotoionization  detector
         nas limitea detection capaoihty wmle  tne flame  lonization  detector
         has none.  (See Appenoix  I for  cnaracteristics).   If  specific
         inorganics are  Known or suspectea to oe present,  measurements  should
         oe  made  witn appropriate  instruments, if available.  Colonmetric
         tuoes can oe usea if substances  present are  
-------
F.S.O.P.  #4

     C.   Radiation

         Aitnougn radiation monitoring is  not necessary for  all  responses,  it
         snould oe incorporated in tne initial  survey where  radioactive
         materials may oe present - for example,  fires at  warehouses  or
         nazardous material storage facilities,  transportation  incidents
         involving unknown materials,  or aoandoned  waste sites.

         Normal gamma radiation background is approximately  0.01  to 0.02
         milliroentgen per hour (mR/nr) on a gamma  survey  instrument.  Work
         can continue with elevated radiation exposure rates, however, if  tne
         exposure rate increases two times aoove  gamma oacicground, a  qualified
         healtn pnysicist should oe consulted.  At  no time should work
         continue with an exposure rate of 10 mR/nr or aoove without  the
         advice of a healtn pnysicist.   EPA's Office of Air, Noise, ana
         Radiation has radiation specialists in  each Region, as  well  as at
         facilities in Montgomery, Alaoama,  and  Las Vegas, Nevada, to assist.

         Tne aosence of gamma  readings aoove oackground should  not oe
         interpreted as tne complete aosence of  radioactivity.   Radioactive
         materials emitting alpha, or  oeta radiation may oe  present,  but
         virtually all  alpha and oeta  emitters  tnat you can  reasonably expect
         to ue  found at incident sites will  also  oe ga/nma  emitters and
         therefore be measured witn tne gamma survey.
               '»   *
     U.   Oxygen Deficiency

         At sea level,  ambient air contains  at least ly.5% oxygen by  volume.
         At lower percentages, air-supplied  respiratory protective equipment
         is needed.  Oxygen measurements are of particular importance for  woric
         in enclosed spaces, low-lying areas, or  in the vicinity of accidents
         tnat nave produced neavier-than-air vapors, wnicn could displace
         amoient air.   These oxygen-deficient areas are also prime  locations
         for taking further organic vapor  ana combustible  gas measurements,
         since  the air tnat nas been displaced oy other substances will affect
         tne readings of some  instruments  (e.g.  comoustible  gas  meters need
         normal  oxygen levels  for accurate results).  Oxygen-enriched
         atmospneres increase  tne potential  for fires.

     E.   Combustible Gases

         Tne presence or aosence of comoustible vapors or  gases  must  be
         determined.  If readings approacn or exceed 10% of  the lower
         explosive limit (LEL), extreme caution  should oe  exercised  in
         continuing the investigation.   If readings approacn or exceed  253.
         LEL, personnel  snould oe withdrawn  immediately.  Before resuming  any
         on-site activities, project personnel  in consultation  with experts in
         fire or explosion prevention  must develop  procedures  for continuing
         operations.  Also,  levels in  this range  are sure  to oe quite high
         witn respect to initial action exposure  limits.

                                                                   Page  25
                                                                   1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. #*

     F.  Visual  Observations

         Wmle on-site,  tne initial  entry team snould  make visual  ooservations
         which would nelp in evaluating site nazards  - for example,  dead  fisn
         or otner animals,  land features, wind direction,  labels on  containers
         indicating explosive,  flammaole, toxic,  or corrosive  material,
         conditions conuucive to splasn or contact with unconfined liquids,
         sludges, or solids, and otner general  conditions.

     (a.  Direct-Reading  Instruments

         A variety of airborn toxics,  (including  organic and inorganic  vapors,
         gases,  or particulates) can be produced  at,  ror example,  abandoned
         waste sites, fires at  cnemical manufacturing, storage,  reprocessing,
         or formulating  facilities;  or fires involving pesticides.
         Direct-reading  field instruments will not detect or measure all  of
         tnese substances.   Tnus,  negative readings snould not be  interpreted
         as tne  complete absence of  airborne toxic substances.  Verification
         of negative results can only be oone by  collecting air samples  and
         analyzing tnem  in  a laooratory.

     H.  Altnough it may seem tnat tne process of transporting sampling
         equipment into  a nazardous  waste site would  primarily rely on  common
         sense,  there are some  general guidelines wnich should be  followed.
         Tnese are.

         1.  Set up decontamination  stations for  sampling equipment before
             moving equipment into contaminated area,   (see FSOP #7)

         i.  Laoel  all sampling containers.

         3.  Warm up equipment  if necessary.

         4.  Calibrate equipment before ano after use.

         5.  Test equipment to  see if it is functioning properly.

         t>.  Double bag  all non-disposable sampling equipment as well as
             electrical  and camera equipment.
                                                                   Page 26
                                                                   1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. #4
                                    TABLE  4-1

                         ATMOSPHERIC  HAZARD GUIDELINES
Monitoring Equipment
 Hazard
Amoient Level
Action
Comoustiole gas indicator
Explosive
atmospnere
Oxygen concentration meter  Oxygen
Radiation survey
Raaiation
Colorimetnc tuoes
Organic and
inorganic
vapors/gases
   1UX LEL    Continue investigation

  10%-25X     Continue on-site
              monitoring witn extreme
              caution as higner levels
              are encountered.

   25% LEL    Potential explosion
              hazard, withdraw from
              area immediately.

  19.5X       Monitor wearing SCBA.
              NOTE   Comoustiole gas
              readings are not valid
              in atmospneres witn less
              tnan 19.5% oxygen.

  19.b-25%    Continue investigation
              witn caution.  SCBA not
              needed, cased on oxygen
              content only.

 "7^5.00%     Discontinue inspection;
              fire nazard potential.
              Consult specialist.

  1 mR/nr     Continue investigation.
              If radiation is detected
              aoove oactcground  levels,
              the presence of possible
              radiation sources  is
              indicated, at tnis
              level, more thorough
              monitoring is advisable.
              Consult with a health
              physicist.

   10 mR/hr   Potential radiation
              nazard; evacuate  site.
              Continue monitoring only
              upon the advice of a
              health physicist.

  Depends on  Consult  standard
  species     reference manuals  for
              air concentrations/
              toxicity oata.
                                                                     Page il
                                                                     1/85

-------
F.S.O.P. #4
                              TABLE 4-1  (Continued)
HNU pnotoionizer
Pnotoiomzation detector
Organic vapor analyzer/
Flame lonuation detector
Organic
vapors/gases
1)  Depends on
   species
              2)
   Total
   response
   mode
Organic
1)  Depends on
   species
                                          2) Total
                                             response
                                             mooe
Consult standard
reference manuals for
air concentrations/
toxicity data.

Consult EPA Standard
Operating Procedures.
Consult standard
reference manuals for
air concentratons/
toxicity data.

Consult EPA Standard
Operating Procedures.
                                                                   Page  28
                                                                   1/35

-------
      SECTION VIII



SC8A CHECKOUT PROCEDURES
                                            1/35

-------
F.S.O.P. *4
PROCESS.  SITE ENTRY
 I.  INTRODUCTION
                         iCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES
     Before a self-contained oreatning apparatus  can  oe usea,  it must  be
     properly inspected.   Botn  of tne checklists  tnat follow can nelp
     ensure proper inspection.   Tne first cnecxhst is for
     pressure-demand SC8A units witn no mode-select lever, sucn as  tne
     MbA 401.  Tne second cnecxhst is for SCBAs  witn mode-select levers,
     sucn as Scott Airpaics and  Survivair units.   ,
-------