Prepublication issue for EPA libraries
and State Sot-id Waste Management Agencies
ABANDONED AUTOMOBILE REMOVAL
This final report (SW-90d) describes work performed
under demonstration grant no. L 004019-01-0
and is reproduced as received from the grantee
Copies will be available from the
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22161
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1977
-------
This report as submitted by the Kentucky Department for Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection, under Grant No. L 004019-01-0, has been
technically reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Publication does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of EPA, nor does mention of commercial products
constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government.
An environmental protection publication (SW-90d) in the solid waste
management series.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I. SUMMARY 1
A. Background 1
B. Project Development 2
II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 5
A. General 5
B. Expected Results 6
III. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 7
A. Equipment and Personnel 7
B. Final Selection of Project Counties 8
C. Vehicle Collection Preparation 8
D. Vehicle Collection 10
E. Vehicle Processing and Sale 11
F. Revenues and Financing 12
G. Project Benefits 12
IV. CONCLUSION 15
A. Future Program Needs 16
B. Legislative Recommendations 16
V. PROJECT CONTINUATION 18
VI. APPENDICES 19
VII. REFERENCES 26
VIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 27
-------
SUMMARY
BACKGROUND
Abandoned automobiles have been a problem in Kentucky for
many years. Eastern Kentucky has earned the name "Detroit's
Graveyard" because of the vast number of abandoned vehicles in
the area. Statewide it is estimated there are 300,000 junked
and abandoned vehicles, many of which are rusted remnants.
"Recycling Solid Waste," a report prepared for the Kentucky
Department for Human Resources, suggested several reasons for
this phenomena:
• Some areas seem to attract "junk vehicles." A
pattern develops. A family is not concerned about
leaving an old car in its yard if neighbors on
either side have old vehicles in their yards.
• A high percentage of the people in the areas
containing a high density of abandoned vehicles
are not overly concerned with the presence of
vehicles. Many want the vehicle for various
reasons, including the availability of spare
parts.
• It costs time and money for the owner to move
a junker from his/her property. Both are scarce
for most of the people in the areas reflecting the
greatest concentration of abandoned vehicles.
-------
It is not unusual for an abandoned vehicle left along a
road or in a field to become a focal point for area residents
to begin a trash and garbage dump. These abandoned vehicles
and associated dumps create unsightly blights on the landscape,
add to environmental degradation and provide breeding and
harborage areas for unwanted pests and disease.
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
The 1972 Kentucky General Assembly created the Department
for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and gave it
several duties and functions, which prior to that time did not
exist. In order to fill an administrative gap not covered by an
existing program, the Division of Special Programs was created.
One of the sub-units of this Division is the Beautification
Section. This section is concerned primarily with cleaning up
roadside areas that were being used for solid waste disposal,
referred to as "orphan dumps."
Mr. E. Thomas Reed, Director of the Division of Special
Programs, developed a keen interest in abandoned vehicle removal
in rural areas. Mr. Reed was able to convince Governor Wendell
Ford of the feasibility of undertaking a pilot project in two (2)
counties: Hardin County in Western Kentucky and Clark County in
Eastern Kentucky.
Since the Division had neither the personnel nor equipment
to recover or retrieve abandoned vehicles, the Fort Knox Military
Installation furnished the necessary manpower and equipment for
-2-
-------
the project in Hardin County. A local environmental organization
coordinated the project and was the beneficiary of revenues
received from the sale of the vehicles to a scrap metal company.
Approximately 600 vehicles were collected with a revenue of about
$9,000 received from sales.
In Clark County, local businesses with access to automobile
wreckers were asked to participate in the project. They received
$5.00 from the County Fiscal Court for each abandoned vehicle
retrieved. The Jaycees were responsible for locating the junked
vehicles and obtaining the legal release from the owner or
individuals on whose land the vehicle rested. Approximately 200
vehicles were collected with a revenue of about $3,400 received
from sales by the Jaycees.
In both pilot projects the vehicles were sold to scrap
metal firms for approximately $8.00 to $10.00 each. The market
for abandoned vehicles has improved markedly since this pilot
project began in 1973. Through the summer of 1973, the Kentucky
Department of Transportation and the Division of Forestry within
the Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
furnished personnel and equipment used in the vehicle retrieval
program. This arrangement, however, was abandoned for several
reasons: (1) During the fall fire season the Division of Forestry
had to keep its personnel and equipment in a state of preparedness;
and (2) Crews from the Department of Transportation were not
allowed to remove vehicles that were not on a publicly owned
highway right-of-way. The Division of Special Programs, however,
'-3-
-------
was able to continue the project through the winter of 1973-74
using its own personnel and two (2) trucks made available from
the Tennessee Valley Authority.
It was apparent that the success of an expanded program
would depend upon the Department for Natural Resources and Environ-
mental Protection being able to provide personnel, equipment and
technical assistance on a continuing basis.
Several lessons were learned from these two pilot projects.
It was determined that in the future only non-profit and non-
governmental groups would be used as county sponsors. This aspect
of the program is its most innovative feature and is primarily
responsible for its success. Persuading citizens to give their
vehicles to the state is a difficult task; however, when a citizen
is approached by a scout, high school band member, or a local
Jaycee who explains the project is for raising funds for field
trips, band uniforms, or providing the community with a public service,
citizens tend to be most cooperative. This approach fosters community
pride and involvement and is one of the keys to the program's success.
The program expanded activities in early 1974 when Governor
Ford gave $40,000 to the Department for Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection to purchase and refurbish ten (10) used
trucks secured from the Department of Transportation. Each truck
was provided with a winch and fabricated loading ramp. These
alternations made each truck capable of independently retrieving,
loading and transporting vehicles.
-4-
-------
During 1973 and 1974, abandoned vehicle projects were
initiated and carried out in Bell, Carroll, Harlan, and Owen
Counties. Approximately 6,425 vehicles were retrieved and the
county sponsors earned $24,900.
The success of the pilot program gave encouragement and
justification to proceed with a full-scale demonstration pro-
ject. Governor Julian Carroll allocated $45,000 which together
with an Environmental Protection Agency grant of $60,000 provided
sufficient funds to purchase and equip twelve (12) more trucks,
and hire and train crews.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
GENERAL
The purpose of the full scale demonstration project was to
improve overall solid waste management in Kentucky by recovering,
for recycling, as many junked and abandoned vehicles as possible
in fifteen (15) selected counties.
An additional objective was to assess the adequacy of present
legislation governing junked and abandoned vehicles. If it was
determined that present legislation was inadequate, then recommenda-
tions were to be made for needed changes and improvements.
Preliminary selection of project counties was based on
exhibited local interest and a willingness to cooperate and play
an active role in the project. Also, priority was given to those
counties that would provide maximum exposure to the program.
-5-
-------
Counties initially selected were: Adair, Anderson, Caldwell,
Graves, Grayson, Hart, Jackson, Jessamine, Lawrence, Logan, Oldham,
Simpson, Trigg, Trimble and Wolfe. However, final selection of
participating counties varied due to practical difficulties in
scheduling, weather conditions, and location to processing centers.
EXPECTED RESULTS
The project goals were to eliminate many adverse health and
environmental problems, such as:
1. While eliminating an aesthetic problem, the
retrieved vehicles would be recycled, thus
preserving and reusing valuable natural
resources;
2. Rodent harborage and breeding habitats would
be eliminated;
3. Mosquito breeding habitats would be eliminated;
4. Hazardous junks and abandoned vehicle hulks
would be removed thereby eliminating a safety
hazard to people, especially curious children;
5. Water pollution attributed to lubricants and
other leakage from the vehicles would be abated;
6. One cause of property devaluation would be
removed; and
7. Through coordination with the Division of Solid
Waste, garbage and trash dumps associated with
abandoned vehicles would be cleaned up and closed.
-6-
-------
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL
Beginning with the grant award received from the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency on January 1, 1975, the
Department initiated purchase procedures for trucks. Bids
revealed that sufficient funds were available to purchase twelve (12)
trucks and associated equipment instead of the original estimate
of seven (7). Additional equipment purchased included winches
and power take-offs for each truck. Fabrication and reinforce-
ment of truck beds along with installation of winches and power
take-offs were completed in time for project initiation in the
spring.
The Department employed four (4) field supervisors to manage
the project on a day-to-day basis. Because of high travel costs,
a decision was made to employ local drivers who would be paid
only for hours actually worked. Therefore, savings were realized
when all trucks were not working and bad weather delayed project
operations. A significant amount of time was required to instruct
employees in the proper method of truck operation as the project
progressed from county to county and new employees were hired.
Another disadvantage of this approach was that truck maintenance
was probably higher than if full-time, experienced drivers were
employed. During the project year, a total of 168 people were
provided temporary employment.
-7-
-------
FINAL SELECTION OF PROJECT COUNTIES
Counties selected for the demonstration project differed
from the initial list because local response changed. The
project counties finally selected were: Allen, Galloway, Carlisle,
Crittenden, Daviess, Franklin, Fulton, Hancock, Hickman, Hopkins,
Magoffin, Muhlenberg, Simpson, and Union. The primary reason for
the change was that some counties originally selected were not
ready to proceed as equipment became available to begin work. In
order to keep the project moving, counties that were best prepared
to proceed were selected.
VEHICLE COLLECTION PREPARATION
The first procedure in initiating the project in a county
was to make contact with the highest ranking elected officer--
usually the County Judge--and explain the project to him in
order to obtain maximum cooperation. This was done sufficiently
in advance to allow for designation of public organizations to
conduct a survey of vehicles, originate and distribute public
information, develop collection procedures, and obtain legal
releases for processing vehicles as required.
In some instances, only four or five (4 or 5) days were
needed to locate and secure releases for 200 or 300 junked
vehicles. It was required that a minimum of 200 releases be
obtained prior to bringing collection equipment into a county.
An enthusiastic sponsoring organization was an essential element in
-8-
-------
the early stages of a county project. It was found that groups
such as the Jaycees and the Chamber of Commerce tended to be
city oriented and were difficult for rural residents to identify
with. The most successful groups were county high school bands
and sponsors, scouts and similar organizations that have a county-
wide orientation.
Generally, the procedure utilized in locating vehicles
was by using county maps and assigning sections of the county to
one or two (1 or 2) individuals. Vehicles were than pinpointed
on maps and landowners were contacted regarding releases. As
public awareness progressed, many citizens made contact with the
sponsoring groups about the location of other vehicles.
When a sponsoring group failed to get an early start in
locating vehicles, the project would often bog down. In some
instances counties would procrastinate in beginning preparations,
perhaps feeling the Department would do this work for them. In
other instances, counties would say there were no abandoned
vehicles in their county. In these extreme cases, the Department's
vehicle retrieval crew might take a few days to canvass the county
to see if they could locate a significant number of vehicles and
then provide the data to the county. Usually, the county would then pro-
ceed as a cooperating partner in the project. Prior to bringing the
retrieval equipment into a county, a central, temporary vehicle
storage site would have to be located. County landfills proved
to be suitable storage areas in most instances.
-9-
-------
Temporary, overnight storage of departmental vehicles was
handled by county Department of Transportation garages, which
usually had protection fences around them. Leaving the trucks
in the field would reduce fuel costs; however, one act of
vandalism could easily eliminate any savings.
VEHICLE COLLECTION
During the project period fourteen (14) counties participated
in the program and a total of 5,045 junked vehicles were collected.
A low number of 125 vehicles was collected in Franklin County to
a high of 751 in Muhlenberg County. The average collected per
county was about 360.
Following is the county-by-county total of vehicles collected
and revenues received from metal dealers:
COUNTY
Allen
Galloway
Carlisle
Crittenden
Daviess
Franklin
Fulton
Hancock
Hickman
Hopkins
Magoffin
Muhlenberg
Simpson
Union
TOTAL 5,045 $94,280 $18.68
The general procedure followed on vehicle pickup was to back
the truck up to the vehicle, winch it onto the bed, secure it,
VEHICLES
COLLECTED
275
156
185
351
486
125
340
650
438
425
200
751
308
355
REVENUES
RECEIVED
$ 6,500
1,800
5,000
7,400
8,200
2,000
6,100
6,500
8,500
14,580
3,800
10,300
5,700
7,900
AVERAGE REVENUE
PER VEHICLE
$25.63
11.53
27.02
21.08
16.87
16.00
17.94
10.00
19.40
34.30
19.00
13.71
18.50
22.25
-10-
-------
and transport it to the temporary storage site. When all of the
vehicles in a county had been collected, the winning bidder would
then arrange to crush and transport the vehicles to a recycling
facility.
VEHICLE PROCESSING AND SALE
County sponsors were provided a list of scrap metal companies
in Kentucky and surrounding states prior to the completion of
the retrieval phase of the project. It was recommended that sealed
bids be requested from these firms and that terms of bid arrange-
ment should specify that the sponsor be paid a standard price per
vehicle, and not per ton. It was also recommended that the terms
state that the highest bid could be rejected if it was felt the price
did not reflect the true market value of the vehicles. Another
condition recommended was that payment be made prior to vehicle
removal or at least before the selected bidder removed his or her
equipment from the county.
Vehicles collected during the project were all recycled for
the valuable ferrous and non-ferrous metals which they contained.
When vehicles are processed for recycling, there are essentially
two methods. One method is to compress the vehicle into a
rectangular shape by a powerful compaction unit and ship it
directly to a steel mill. This method is not an efficient means
of processing a junk auto since extraneous components, such as
seats and dashboards are shipped to the steel mills, thus
reducing its monetary and recycling value.
-11-
-------
The other method of processing a junk car is to shred it.
A shredder is a large machine resembling a storage building.
The auto is dropped into the top where it is shredded by giant
hammers mounted on a rotating shaft. After the auto is shredded,
the ferrous metals are separated from the non-ferrous metals
usually by magnets, thus reducing the impurities and increasing
the value of material shipped to a steel mill.
REVENUES AND FINANCING
Total cost to the Department for the project was $197,578
of which the Federal Grant provided $60,000. A considerable
amount of this total expenditure was for equipment that will be
utilized beyond the demonstration project period; therefore, the
actual project cost can be considered less. Considering that
the life of a vehicle used for retrieval and transporting is
approximately ten (10) years, it is evident that the citizens of
Kentucky will benefit from this grant for many years to come.
During the project year, local sponsors received approximately
$100,000 from the sale of junked cars to recycling firms. All of
the benefits of this project cannot be converted into dollars and
will be dealt with in the following section.
PROJECT BENEFITS
In order to adequately evaluate the benefits derived from
the project, the proposed achievements should be weighed against
actual results. Although the goals delineated in the grant
-12-
-------
application were very ambitious, they were for the most part
achieved.
The project benefits can be placed into four (4) major
categories: (1) environmental; (2) public health and safety;
(3) monetary; and (4) aesthetic.
The primary goal of the project, as stated in the grant
application, was to improve the overall solid waste management
program in the state by recovering as many junked automobiles
as possible on a statewide basis. Besides recovering the
vehicles, the Division of Special Programs naturally wanted to
have all of these vehicles recycled. Another objective of the
project was to review current solid waste statutes governing
abandoned vehicle disposal and recommend amendments if necessary.
The major goal of the project was achieved as over 5,000
abandoned vehicles were collected and recycled. Each car was
converted into approximately one (1) ton of steel.
According to the Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel, when
1,000 tons of steel are made with scrap, the energy saved is
equivalent to the energy contained in 140,000 gallons of
gasoline. By extending this to the 51.3 million tons of scrap
metal purchased during 1974 for use in the United States, we find
that the energy savings recycled from using the scrap iron
was equivalent to the energy contained in nearly 7.2 billion
gallons of gasoline, enough energy to power 20 million automobiles
(30 miles to the gallon) nearly 11,000 miles.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has
identified six (6) additional benefits when scrap is used
-13-
-------
instead of virgin materials: (1) 90% savings in virgin materials
use (one ton of scrap conserves 1% tons of iron ore and 1/3 ton
of coal/coke); (2) 867, reduction in air pollution; (3) 767, re-
duction in water pollution; (4) 407, reduction in water use;
(5) 9770 reduction in mining waste; and (6) 10570 reduction in
consumer wastes generated.
Manufacturing steel from scrap metal is a good example of
converting a liability into an energy saving natural resource
with a minimum environmental impact.
Besides the environmental benefits, there were public health
and safety benefits derived from this project. Abandoned vehicles
are natural breeding grounds and habitats for insects, reptiles,
and rodents. Removing abandoned vehicles also dramatically reduces
the number of unpermitted garbage dumps in a county. Aside from
the public health aspect, there is always a danger that children's
natural curiosities will cause them to be injured while playing in
an abandoned auto.
Improving water quality in an area by removing junk cars
from streams improves both the environmental quality and the public
health and safety in an area. With municipalities spending thousands
of dollars in an effort to clean up streams, every effort should be
made to eliminate potential causes of water pollution, thus decreasing
the already heavy burden that is being placed on municipal water
treatment plants.
The monetary benefits of this kind of project to a county are
threefold: (1) it serves to raise funds for civic or school groups;
-14-
-------
(2) it creates employment in the area; and (3) it raises the
value of property where junked automobiles accumulated.
The aesthetic benefits derived from this project are
difficult to quantify. How much more pleasure does an individual
derive from an environment that is free from litter as opposed
to one that is strewn with junked cars and trash? Few would
disagree that most people prefer a clean environment and this
is one of the basic principles on which the abandoned vehicle
removal program is based.
Another intangible benefit derived from the project is the
enjoyment and cultural enrichment that resulted from revenues that
were raised; that enabled, for instance, a girl scout troop taking
a field trip to Philadelphia or Jaycees sponsoring toys-for-tots
and birthday parties for handicapped children. High school bands
have proved to be one of the best sponsors for the program and in
return they are able to take trips or to buy new band uniforms.
In the event that excess funds exist, they are often expended
for a community beautification project or an environmentally related
project, such as films promoting environmental awareness that could
be shown in schools or to community action groups.
CONCLUSION
The ultimate success or value of a project must be judged
in terms of the overall benefits derived from the project versus
-15-
-------
its cost. Many of the benefits derived from this project cannot
be given monetary value. It is clear, however, that nearly $100,000
was made by sponsors during the grant period. Nearly $200,000 was
spent on the program from January, 1975, through December, 1975,
(the grant period). Twelve (12) trucks were bought and retooled
with these funds. The estimated life of these trucks is ten (10)
years. So, clearly, Kentuckians will be benefiting from the grant
for many years.
FUTURE PROGRAM NEEDS
In the future, the Department intends to operate the
program in a manner similar to the past. One of the minor changes
planned is to hire drivers on a permanent basis. By having
permanent drivers, the life expectancy of the retrieval vehicles
should be extended. The Department does not anticipate any major
equipment needs in the future.
LEGISLATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS
Kentucky has an adequate junk car law, KRS 177.905-990.
If there has been deficiency in the past, it has been in the
area of enforcement; however, the Kentucky Department of
Transportation which is charged with enforcing this law has
recently initiated an ambitious, statewide enforcement program. The
statewide priorities that have been established are to begin with
federal highways, then work down to federal-state roads, then
to state and finally to county roads. The Kentucky Law states
-16-
-------
that if five (5) inoperable cars are within 200 feet of the
center line of the highway, a screen must be erected. Those
found to be in noncompliance must submit a compliance schedule
or be fined.
In view of the recent increased effort by the state, the
Division of Special Programs is being required by the state to
post a sign in front of their temporary storage site within a
county, identifying what it is and giving an estimated time when
the cars will be removed.
There are several other legislative alternates that need
to be considered in order to improve the national recycling effort.
One major problem is the inconsistency in the freight charges
that scrap metal haulers must pay as opposed to those shipping
iron ore. The Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel, Inc., estimates
that it costs almost three (3) times as much to haul scrap iron
as it does the virgin material. This naturally has a dramatic
effect on the supply and demand quotients of these two commodities.
The federal government is in effect encouraging the un-
necessary use of some of our natural resources and thus encouraging
the growth of abandoned vehicle graveyards. In terms of reducing
and rechanneling the stream of solid waste, it is the federal
government which should set the example. Many of the solutions to the
critical problem of reducing and rechanneling the stream of solid
waste are regional or national and difficult or impossible for a
city or state to deal with in a comprehensive fashion.
-17-
-------
PROJECT CONTINUATION (results from January - June, 1976)
During the first six (6) months of this year, 2,200
vehicles were retrieved and sold to scrap metal firms for
approximately $53,000. Although the Department has not
substantially altered the abandoned auto retrieval program,
there are plans to study and consider the possibility of
collecting valuable white goods, such as the ferrous metals found
in kitchen appliances. There are several problems related to
physically removing these appliances from creeks, ravines, etc.,
which will require some study and experimentation. There is
definitely a need to address this problem, especially in
Eastern Kentucky where there are a limited number of sanitary
landfills in which to dispose of these appliances.
This program could be handled as follows: initially,
the Division would allow the local sponsors to advertise their
willingness to come to a person's home and pick up the old
appliances. If there is a favorable response, the possibility
exists for retrieving these appliances from areas where they
present a real environmental or public health and safety hazard.
At the moment, this idea is still in the planning stages, although
we feel there is a real possibility for its implementation.
-18-
-------
APPENDIX A
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IN THREE-COUNTY AREA
The chart on the following page visually delineates the
timing of various phases in the development of this project and
illustrates how important timing and momentum are to the success
of the program. Listed below are the phases referred to on the
chart.
(1) Departmental official makes initial contact with
highest ranking elected official in the county;
(2) Initial contact with county sponsor (after
designation);
(3) Sponsor orientation session; location of temporary
storage areas for the cars;
(4) Publicity for the project should be initiated;
(5) Canvassing county; identifying abandoned autos
and obtaining their legal release;
(6) Training period for local truck drivers;
(7) Retrieval process begins after minimum number of
releases have been secured; and
(8) Portable crusher is brought into county (usually
after the retrieval process is complete).
Naturally this program does not always run this smoothly.
There is a potential for delay throughout the entire process. It
is the responsibility of the project manager to anticipate and
deal with these situations as they may arise.
-19-
-------
ro
o
i
REPRESENTATl
WEEKS
Phases
i
X
County A 2
Crew I 3
4
6
7
8
1
County B 2
Crew II 3
4
5
6
7
8
1
County C 2
Crew I 3
4
5
6
7
8
1
VE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT (THREE-COUNTY AREA)
2
^^MHBB
•
3
^••••^B
- _
4
_
—
5
M__
^^
6
M^HV
7
•—
^•^HIBMI
8
««^_
9
10
11
12
13
14
Ib
Lb
^^^
-------
APPENDIX B
RELEASE OF LIABILITY
In CONSIDERATION OF THE REMOVAL of a
year model
make body style serial number
(Body, Chassis, with or without motor), I,
release the State of Kentucky and/or their agents from all liability which
may be caused from any person who may at -any time claim ownership or a
lien of any nature matured or not matured upon said vehicle or any
accessories thereon including the engine.
This release encompasses any and all claims.
Witness my signature this ;iay of , 197 ,
at , , Kentucky.
city county
Witness:
Exact location of car
Is car towable?
Does car have a front and/or rear axle on it?
Does car have front and/or rear wheels and tires on it?
-21-
-------
APPENDIX C
FINANCIAL REPORT
BUDGET
A. Personnel $75,498.
(environmental supervisor,
equipment operators)
B. Fringe Benefits 7,788.
(FICA, insurance, retirement)
C. Travel -0-
(meals, lodging, mileage)
D. Equipment 78,416.
(trucks, winches, power
take-off, truck bed fabrication)
TOTAL $161,702.
EXPENDITURES
A. Personnel $ 75,498.
B. Fringe Benefits 7,788,
C. Equipment 78,416,
SUB-TOTAL $161,702,
(Program Expenditures)
* SUB-TOTAL 35,876
(Non-Program Expenditures)
TOTAL EXPENDITURES $197,578.
Breakdown of Non-Program Expenses include: travel, fuel,
maintenance, and part-time labor, which were not reimbursed
through grant.
-22-
-------
D A V I E S S <
CHRISTIAN
* Counties cleaned up during grant period
+ Other counties cleaned up
KENTUCKY Base Map Series 8-5
Compiled ord cistributed by
Kentucky De^rtnent of Commerce
Frankfort, Kentucky
SHELBY I FRANKLIN!
-------
JUNK CARS BEING LOADED WITH WINCH AND INCLINED LOADING RAMP
THIS VEHICLE IS AMOST LOADED, WINCH IS MOUNTED BEHIND TRUCK CAB.
CHAIN WITH LOAD BINDER ARE USED TO SECURE VEHICLE AFTER LOADING,
CAB PROTECTOR AND LOADING RAMP EASILY SEEN ALSO FROM THIS VIEW.
-24-
-------
ANOTHER VEHICLE BEING PLACED IN PORTABLE CRUSHER BY FORK-LIFT
WITH ONE CRUSHED VEHICLE REMAINING.
CRUSHED VEHICLES, APPROXIMATELY 20, BEING LOADED FOR TRIP TO
METAL SHREDDER AND FURTHER PROCESSING-RECYCLING. U.S. STEEL
PRODUCTION CONTAINS 55% SCRAP AT PRESENT.
-25-
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Base Data Regarding Recycling Solid Waste: Sixteen
Southeastern Kentucky Counties", prepared by Parrot,
Ely, and Hurt Consultant Engineers, Lexington,
Kentucky; under a grant from the Kentucky Department
of Health, Appalachian Environmental Health Demon-
stration Project and financed by the Appalachian
Regional Commission, February, 1973.
2. "Reclamation, Conservation, Beautification", The
Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel, Inc.
-26-
-------
Acknowledgments
There are several organizations that were instrumental
in the success of this project. On the local level, numerous
organizations should be recognized. The members of the Kentucky
Association of County Judges have always cooperated with Depart-
mental personnel in all phases of this project.
In addition, the following organizations served as county
sponsors for this project:
The Allen County High School Band,
The Galloway County 4-H Club,
The Crittenden County 4-H Club,
The Daviess County High School Band,
The Bluegrass Area Development District for the Senior
Citizens Project in Franklin County,
The Hancock County High School Band,
The Girl Scouts in Hickman County,
The Kiwanis Club in Hopkins County,
The Future Farmers of America in Magoffin County,
The Senior Class of Hughes-Kirk High School,
The Franklin-Simpson High School Band, and
The Union County High School Band.
On the state level, assistance from personnel within the
Division of Solid Waste schould be acknowledged in the develop-
ment phase of this project. The staff of the Office of Planning
and Research is primarily responsible for organizing and writing
this demonstration manual.
Mr. Elmer Cleveland, grant project officer in the Solid
Waste Management Program in the Environmental Protection Agency,
played a major role in developing and managing this project. On
several occasions he came to Kentucky and offered timely advice.
Mr. William Holland, also in the Solid Waste Management Program,
played a role in securing this grant for Kentucky while he was
assigned to the Division of Solid Waste.
Vial546
SW-90d
-27-
------- |