EPA-AA-IMS/80-11 Data Summary Tables On The Effects Of Specific Maintenance Types On The Emissions From In-Use Light Duty Vehicles Failing Idle Test Outpoints December, 1980 Notice Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or posi- tions. They are intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position or regulatory action. David Brzezinski Inspection/Maintenance Staff Emission Control Technology Division Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- The Tables in this report were compiled from data selected from the computer data records from several testing programs. Except in the Portland Study NOx Analysis Tables, only vehicles which received at least one repair and retest sequence were selected from the testing programs for summary in this report. No effort was made to create a sample which would contain a specific mix of model years or vehicle types. Caution should be used in extrapolating any measured changes from this report to real world changes which might be observed in an in-use fleet. Vehicles which did not receive all test sequences in programs with more than one repair and retest step have had their emission levels from their previous test sequence carried forward to any missing test sequence. This reflects the fact that the repair in the missing sequence was not judged as necessary in the testing program and therefore the previous test sequence would represent the properly "repaired" emission levels of that vehicle for the missing test sequence. This assumption affects Tables 1 through 6. The "as-received" column in Tables 1 through 18 represent the emissions and rates for only those vehicles which received at least one repair and retest sequence in the testing program. This may not reflect the overall emission levels and rates for the test program sample as a whole. ------- INDEX Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Program Restorative Maintenance Restorative Maintenance FY77 Emission Factor FY77 Emission Factor FY77 Emission Factor FY77 Emission Factor Portland Element II Portland Element II Portland Element II Portland Element II Portland Element III Portland Element III Portland Element II Portland Element II Portland Element II Portland Element II Portland Element III Portland Element III Model Years 1975-76 1975-76 1975-79 1975-79 1975-80 1975-80 1972-74 1972-74 1975-77 1975-77 1975-77 1975-77 1972-74 1972-74 1975-77 1975-77 1975-77 1975-77 Idle Cutpoints IHC(PPM)/IC(%) 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 225/1.0 300/3.0 Repairs Three Step Restorative Maintenance Three Step Restorative Maintenance Carburetor Idle Mixture Adjustment Carburetor Idle Mixture Adjustment Three Step Restorative Maintenance Three Step Restorative Maintenance Carburetor Repairs Carburetor Repairs Carburetor Repairs Carburetor Repairs Carburetor Repairs Carburetor Repairs Typical I/M Maintenance Typical I/M Maintenance Typical I/M Maintenance Typical I/M Maintenance Typical I/M Maintenance Typical I/M Maintenance Portland Study - FTP and HFET NOx Measurements 19 20 21 22 23 Effect of Typical I/M Repairs Comparison of NOx Measurements Comparison of NOx Measurements Comparison of NOx Measurements Significance of Changes in NOx on NOx Measurements on 1972-74 Vehicles on 1975-77 Vehicles on 1975-77 Vehicles in Portland. in Eugene and in Eugene and in Eugene and Portland Element II at Quarterly Intervals. Portland Element II at Quarterly Intervals. Portland Element III at Quarterly Intervals. Measurements Between Quarterly Tests in Oregon. ------- Table 1. Restorative Maintenance Sample (195 1975-1976 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: 8070 Miles Idle Idle HC Cutpoint: CO Cutpoint: (Idle Scores Measured As (195 Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (Z) IHC Pass Rate (Z) ICO Pass Rate (Z) Idle Test Pass Rate (X) Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) Average FTP CO (GM/MI) Average FTP NO (GM/MI) FTP HC Pass Rate (%) FTP CO Pass Rate (Z) FTP NO Pass Rate (Z) FTP Test Pass Rate (Z) Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) Average HFET CO (GM/MI) Average HFET NO (GM/MI) Clayton Key Mode: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO «) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (Z) Low Cruise NO (PPM) Received Vehicles)5 158.1 1.86 75.9 52.8 51.3 1.64 28.0 3.11 56.9 41.0 56.9 11.3 .37 4.75 3.55 37.7 .114 1346 42.6 .126 897 225 PPM 1.0 Z in Neutral or Park Gear) Vehicles Which Test As Received RECV 281.1 3.70 50.5 3.2 0.0 2.32 46.3 2.75 26.3 7.4 72.6 2.1 .47 7.68 3.34 42.7 .182 1335 50.1 .186 927 AFT2_1 255.6 3.21 57.9 15.8 9.5 2.13 41.1 2.49 35.8 12.6 85.3 9.5 .44 6.81 3.04 39.5 .164 1211 46.5 .150 814 Fail Idle (95 Vehicles)* AFT32 82.7 .28 93.7 90.5 87.4 1.09 11.7 2.61 84.2 82.1 88.4 66.3 .27 3.72 3.05 34.6 .144 1234 37.2 .048 845 AFT43 76.9 .30 94.7 91.6 88.4 1.02 10.7 2.46 89.5 87.4 92.6 75.8 .25 3.18 2.89 32.8 .131 1145 36.4 .071 764 1: After correction of any disablements and maladjustments other than idle air/fuel mixture and idle speed.* 2: After adjustment of idle speed and idle air/fuel mixture.* 3: After replacement of any defective components and a major tune-up.* 4: Some vehicles do not complete all test sequences. The emission values for these vehicles are carried forward from the previously completed test sequence. 5: The total Restorative Maintenance program included 300 1975-1976 vehicles. These 195 vehicles are those which have received at least one additional test sequence besides the as-received tests. All repairs performed by laboratory mechanics. ------- Table 2. Restorative Maintenance Sample (195 1975-1976 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: 8070 Miles Idle HC Outpoint: 300 PPM Idle CO Outpoint: 3.0 % (Idle Scores Measured in Neutral or Park Gear) As Received (195 Vehicles)5 Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) 158.1 Average Idle CO (Z) 1.86 IHC Pass Rate (Z) 81.5 ICO Pass Rate (Z) 70.8 Idle Test Pass Rate (Z) 67.2 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (64 Vehicles)4 RECV 362.9 4.60 28.1 3.1 0.0 AFT21 322.2 3.86 40.6 17.2 9.4 AFT32 97.0 .33 92. 87. 84.4 AFT43 94.0 .35 92.2 90.6 85.9 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 1.64 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 28.0 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 3.11 FTP HC Pass Rate «) 56.9 FTP CO Pass Rate (Z) 41.0 FTP NO Pass Rate (Z) 56.9 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) U.3 2.62 52.6 2.75 12.5 4.7 78.1 1.6 2.32 45.2 2.40 25.0 12.5 93.8 10.9 1.12 12.5 2.59 79. 79. 92. 65.6 1.06 11.1 2.41 85.9 85.9 95.3 75.0 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .37 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 4.75 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.55 .53 8.91 3.37 .48 7.73 2.97 .28 4.50 3.06 .26 3.66 2.83 Clayton Key Mode: High Cruise HC (PPM) 37.7 51.7 46.2 38.6 37.3 High Cruise CO (%) .114 .240 .213 .187 .165 High Cruise NO (PPM) 1346 1516 1333 1386 1265 Low Cruise HC (PPM) 42.6 60.9 55.0 40.9 41.6 Low Cruise CO (Z) .126 .248 .196 .050 .079 Low Cruise NO (PPM) 897 1037 872 937 841 1: After correction of maladjustments and disablements other than idle air/fuel mixture and idle speed.* 2: After adjustment of idle speed and idle air/fuel mixture.* 3: After replacement of any defective components and a major tune-up.* 4: Some vehicles do not complete all test sequences. The emission values for these vehicles are carried forward from the previously completed test sequence. 5: The total Restorative Maintenance program included 300 1975-1976 vehicles. These 195 vehicles are those which have received at least one additional test sequence besides the as-received tests. * All repairs performed by laboratory mechanics. ------- Table 3. Emission Factor FY77 Sample Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (Z) Federal Test Procedure; Average FTP HC (GM/MI) Average FTP CO (GM/MI) Average FTP NO (GM/MI) FTP HC Pass Rate (Z) FTP CO Pass Rate (Z) FTP NO Pass Rate (Z) FTP Test Pass Rate (Z) Highway Fuel Economy Test Average HFET HC (GM/MI) Average HFET CO (GM/MI) Average HFET NO (GM/MI) Federal 3-Mode Test: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO (Z) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (Z) Low Cruise NO (PPM) (71 1975-1979 Model Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint Idle CO Cutpoint As Received (71 Vehicles)* 397.3 3.55 39.4 32.4 23.9 2.44 37.8 2.06 25.4 12.7 70.4 1.4 .71 9.54 2.55 (20 Vehicles)3 100.5 .409 720 98.7 .507 824 Year Vehicles) 25003 Miles : 225 PPM : 1.0 Z Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (54 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance^ 499.7 241.5 4.59 .42 20.4 68.5 11.1 87.0 0.0 59.3 2.75 1.43 42.2 14.6 2.10 2.10 13.0 70.4 9.3 72.2 70.4 75.9 0.0 40.7 .73 .51 8.76 6.48 2.54 2.29 (10 Vehicles)3 95.4 74.1 .244 .456 867 730 87.4 116.9 .352 .410 865 788 1: Those vehicles in the FY77 Emission Factor Program which were tested after only carburetor air/fuel mixture related repairs.* 2: Adjustment of the carburetor air/fuel mixture and related adjustment (timing, idle speed).* 3: Only some of the vehicles selected for this analysis also received the loaded mode testing. * All repairs performed by laboratory mechanics. ------- Table 4. Emission Factor FY77 Sample (71 1975-1979 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: 25003 Miles Idle HC Outpoint: 300 PPM Xdle CO Outpoint: 3.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (71 Vehicles)1 397.3 3.55 50, 49, Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (44 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance^ 572.8 5.30 20, 18, 38.0 0.0 242.6 .38 81.8 100.0 81.8 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.44 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 37.8 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.06 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 25.4 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 12.7 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 70.4 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 1.4 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .71 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 9.54 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 2.55 2.98 47.6 1.91 6.8 6.8 75.0 0.0 .74 9.41 2.20 1.42 15.2 1.94 72.7 68.2 79.5 45.5 .48 6.88 1.97 Federal 3-Mode Test: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO «) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (%) Low Cruise NO (PPM) (20 Vehicles)3 100.5 .409 720 98.7 .507 824 (9 Vehicles)3 100.6 .231 867 85.3 .380 814 77.0 .462 724 118.1 .442 758 1: Those vehicles in the FY77 Emission Factor Program which were tested after only carburetor air/fuel mixture related repairs.* 2: Adjustment of the carburetor air/fuel mixture and related adjustment (timing, idle speed).* 3: Only some of the vehicles selected for this analysis also received the loaded mode testing. * All repairs performed by laboratory mechanics. ------- Table 5. Emission Factor FY79 Sample (91 1975-1980 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Outpoint: As Received (91 Vehicles)5 20020 Miles Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) 189.7 Average Idle CO (2) 2.02 IHC Pass Rate (%) 73.6 ICO Pass Rate (%) 56.0 Idle Test Pass Rate (%) 52.7 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 1.75 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 27.6 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.21 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 47.3 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 31.9 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 58.2 FTP Test Pass Rate U) 0.0 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .42 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 6.41 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 2.67 Federal 3-Mode: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO U) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (2) Low Cruise NO (PPM) (30 Vehicles)6 40.1 .112 950 56.7 .385 681 225 PPM 1.0 % Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (43 Vehicles)4 RECV 350.5 4.13 44.2 7.0 0.0 2.10 33.7 2.05 14.0 20.9 67.4 0.0 .50 6.41 2.49 52.2 .121 874 73.5 .463 667 AFT21 319.0 3.61 48.8 16.3 9.3 1.93 28.4 1.96 39.5 30.2 69.8 7.0 .45 5.23 2.45 /in \ 19 44.5 .077 704 63.8 .422 504 AFT32 159.6 .64 88.4 88.4 79.1 1.27 13.7 2.04 74.4 60.5 69.8 39.5 .35 3.78 2.43 Vehicles)6— 27.5 .071 716 35.9 .235 511 AFT43 119.8 .58 86.0 86.0 76.7 1.17 13.2 2.03 74.4 67.4 72.1 44.2 .34 3.79 2.41 28.3 .071 739 35.7 .221 508 1: After correction of any disablements and maladjustments other than idle air/fuel mixture and idle speed.* 2: After adjustment of idle speed and idle air/fuel mixture.* 3: After replacement of any defective components and a major tune-up.* 4: Some vehicles do not complete all test sequences. The emission values for these vehicles are carried forward from the previously completed test sequence. 5: Only those vehicles in the FY79 Emission Factor Program which received at least one of the subsequent repair sequences were chosen for this analysis. 6: Only some of the vehicles selected for this analysis also received the loaded-mode testing. * All repairs performed by laboratory mechanics. ------- Table 6. Emission Factor FY79 Sample (91 1975-1980 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Outpoint: As Received (91 Vehicles)5 20020 Miles Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) 189.7 Average Idle CO (%) 2.02 IHC Pass Rate (%) 78.0 ICO Pass Rate (%) 74.7 Idle Test Pass Rate (%) 69.2 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 1.75 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 27.6 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.21 FTP HC Pass Rate (Z) 47.3 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 31.9 FTP NO Pass Rate U) 58.2 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 0.0 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .42 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 6.41 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 2.67 Federal 3-Mode: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO (%) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (%) Low Cruise NO (PPM) (30 Vehicles)6 40.1 .112 950 56.7 .385 681 300 PPM 3.0 % Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (28 Vehicles)4 RECV 465.9 5.41 28.6 17.9 0.0 2.33 36.2 1.90 35.7 28.6 78.6 0.0 .46 4.45 2.29 61.6 .068 813 79.3 .273 674 AFT2* 426.5 4.75 46.4 32.1 14.3 2.09 28.7 1.96 39.3 35.7 71.4 3.6 .39 3.25 2.47 -(12 Vehi( 54.9 .058 774 62.0 .188 576 AFT32 209.3 .92 89.3 85.7 78.6 1.34 13.0 2.06 75.0 64.3 71.4 42.9 .29 1.82 2.43 33.8 .058 784 38.4 .140 584 AFT43 145.0 .82 85.7 89.3 78.6 1.18 12.6 2.04 75.0 75.0 71.4 50.0 .30 2.14 2.39 33.8 .055 816 35.9 .111 598 1: After correction of any disablements and maladjustments other than idle air/fuel mixture and idle speed.* 2: After adjustment of idle speed and idle air/fuel mixture.* 3: After replacement of any defective components and a major tune-up.* 4: Some vehicles do not complete all test sequences. The emission values for these vehicles are carried forward from the previously completed test sequence. 5: Only those vehicles in the FY79 Emission Factor Program which received at least one of the subsequent repair sequences were chosen for this analysis. 6: Only some of the vehicles selected for this analysis also received the loaded-mode testing. * All repairs performed by laboratory mechanics. ------- Table 7. Portland Element II Sample (16 1972-1974 Model Year Vehicles Which Received Only Carburetor Maintenance) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 50970 Miles 225 PPM 1.0 % Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (16 Vehicles) 465.9 5.01 37.5 6.3 0,0 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (16 Vehicles) As After Carb. Received Maintenance* 465.9 5.01 37.5 6.3 0.0 260.9 1.06 62. 62. 43.8 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 3.53 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 61.7 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.87 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 50.0 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 6.3 FTP NO Pass Rate U) 75.0 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 0.0 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) 2.25 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 21.44 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 4.24 3.53 61.7 2.87 50.0 6.3 75.0 0.0 2.25 21.44 4.24 4.35 36.2 3.28 68.8 68.8 75.0 31.3 2.33 13.87 4.75 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- Table 8. Portland Element II Sample (16 1972-1974 Model Year Vehicles Which Received Only Carburetor Maintenance) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 50970 Miles 300 PPM 3.0 % Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (16 Vehicles) 465.9 5.01 37. 12. Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (15 Vehicles) As After Garb. Received Maintenance* 6.3 492.0 5.17 33.3 6.7 0.0 272.0 1.07 80,0 93.3 73.3 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 3.53 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 61.7 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.87 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 50.0 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 6.3 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 75.0 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 0.0 Highway Fuel Economy Test; Average HFET HC (GM/MI) . 2.25 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 21.44 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 4.24 3.50 57.8 2.86. 53.3 6.7 80.0 0.0 2.32 19.81 4.29 4.50 35.7 3.27 66.7 73.3 80.0 33.3 2.44 14.12 4.76 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- Table 9. Portland Element II Sample (26 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles Which Received Only Carburetor Maintenance) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 29821 Miles 225 PPM 1.0 % Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (26 Vehicles) 248.5 2.92 57.7 15.4 7.7 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (24 Vehicles) As Received 264.8 3.15 54.2 8.3 0.0 After Carb. Maintenance* 102.3 .42 91.7 83.3 75.0 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.27 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 38.6 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.61 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 38.5 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 26.9 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 69.2 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 11.5 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .67 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 9.86 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.71 2.39 40.9 2.63 33.3 20.8 66.7 4.2 .69 10.53 3.66 1.70 21.4 2.74 58. 58. 58. 12.5 .64 9.29 3.80 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 10 Table 10. Portland Element II Sample (26 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles Which Received Only Carburetor Maintenance) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 29821 Miles 300 PPM 3.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (26 Vehicles) 284.5 2.92 73.1 50.0 42.3 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (15 Vehicles) As After Carb. Received Maintenance* 339.0 3;95 53.3 13.3 0.0 128.3 .41 93.3 100.0 93.3 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.27 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 38.6 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.61 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 38.5 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 26.9 FTP NO Pass Rate CO 69.2 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 11.5 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .67 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 9.86 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.71 2.65 40.1 2.38 20.0 26. 73. 6.7 .73 8.44 3.25 1.69 16.9 2.75 60.0 66.7 53.3 6.7 .61 6.90 3.65 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 11 Table 11. Portland Element III Sample (55 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles Which Received Only Carburetor Maintenance) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 37732 Miles 225 PPM 1.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (55 Vehicles) 287.2 3.71 58.2 18.2 12.7 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (48 Vehicles) As After Carb. Received Maintenance* 321.4 4.22 58.3 6.3 0.0 101.5 .40 93.8 85.4 79.2 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.48 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 37.2 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.54 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 30.9 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 18.2 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 72.7 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 10.9 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .68 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 9.21 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.71 2.66 40.6 2.36 20.8 12.5 77.1 8.3 .70 9.61 3.41 1.60 18.4 2.47 54.2 54.2 68.8 31.3 .48 6.34 3.49 Federal 3-Mode Test: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO (%) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (%) Low Cruise NO (PPM) 63.8 .373 1473 100.3 .720 956 65.2 .377 1387 106.2 .792 883 53.2 .275 1309 70.4 .333 909 * Repairs performed by field mechanics, ------- 12 Table 12. Portland Element III Sample (55 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles Which Received Only Carburetor Maintenance) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 37732 Miles 300 PPM 3.0 % Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate U) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (55 Vehicles) 287.2 3.71 67.3 40.0 34.5 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (36 Vehicles) As After Garb. Received Maintenance* 381.1 4.98 50.0 8.3 0.0 108.2 .46 97.2 100.0 97.2 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) Average FTP CO (GM/MI) Average FTP NO (GM/MI) FTP HC Pass Rate (%) FTP CO Pass Rate (%) FTP NO Pass Rate (%) FTP Test Pass Rate (%) Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) Average HFET CO (GM/MI) Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 2.48 37.2 2.54 30.9 18. 72. 10.9 .68 9.21 3.71 3.01 46.3 2.34 11.1 5.6 77.8 2.8 .77 10.53 3.35 1.70 19.6 2.41 47.2 44.4 69.4 25.0 .51 7.08 3.31 Federal 3-Mode Test: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO (%) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (%) Low Cruise NO (PPM) 63.8 .373 1473 100.3 .720 956 70.0 .414 1387 122.4 .992 867 57.2 .294 1304 77.4 .406 866 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 13 Table 13. Portland Element II Sample (62 1972-1974 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 53735 Miles 225 PPM 1.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (62 Vehicles) 406.7 4.51 38.7 9.7 0.0 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (62 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance* 406.7 4.51 38.7 9.7 0.0 199.3 .95 75.8 61.3 50.0 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 4.07 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 55.7 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 3.22 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 51.6 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 22.6 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 66.1 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 9.7 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) 1.97 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 15.95 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 5.34 4.07 55.7 3.22 51.6 22.6 66.1 9.7 1.97 15.95 5.34 3.12 32.7 3.31 82.3 72.6 69.4 45.2 1.55 12.20 5.11 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 14 Table 14. Portland Element II Sample (62 1972-1974 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 53735 Miles 300 PPM 3.0 % Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (62 Vehicles) 406.7 4.51 59.7 25.8 14.5 . Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (53 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance* 452.1 4.91 52.8 13.2 0.0 198.2 .91 84.9 98.1 83.0 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 4.07 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 55.7 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 3.22 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 51.6 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 22.6 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 66.1 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 9.7 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) 1.97 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 15.95 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 5.34 4.28 56.3 3.23 50.9 22.6 67.9 9.4 2.09 15.93 5.46 3.22 31.8 3.38 84.9 77.4 71.7 49.1 1.63 12.55 5.28 * Repairs performed by field mechanics, ------- 15 Table 15. Portland Element II Sample (99 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Cutpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 26050 Miles 225 PPM 1.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (99 Vehicles) 329.0 3.23 42.4 19.2 7.1 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (92 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance* 351.2 3.45 38.0 13.0 0.0 95.4 .36 94.6 87.0 81.5 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.59 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 37.2 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.47 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 31.3 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 24.2 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 73.7 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 11.1 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .61 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 8.46 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.53 2.70 38.9 2.49 28, 20. 71. 7.6 .61 8.61 3.48 1.53 19.5 2.60 64.1 59.8 65.2 31.5 .51 7.68 3.50 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 16 Table 16. Portland Element II Sample (99 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 26050 Miles 300 PPM 3.0 % Idle Test; Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (99 Vehicles) 329.0 3.23 55.6 53.5 35.4 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (64 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance* 432.4 4.15 31 28 0.0 99.2 .31 95.3 100.0 95.3 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.59 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 37.2 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.47 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 31.3 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 24.2 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 73.7 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 11.1 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .61 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 8.46 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.53 3.12 43.0 2.36 15.6 15.6 73.4 4.7 .68 9.25 3.30 1.57 19.4 2.49 60.9 59.4 62.5 26.6 .54 8.16 3.30 * Repairs performed by field mechanics, ------- 17 Table 17. Portland Element III Sample (108 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Outpoint: 35756 Miles 225 PPM 1.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (108 Vehicles) 317.1 3.80 48.1 12.0 7.4 Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (100 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance* 338.3 4.09 44.0 5.0 0.0 95 ,2 ,33 94.0 89.0 83.0 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.78 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 42.0 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.29 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 22.2 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 14.8 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 77.8 .FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 9.3 Highway Fuel Economy Test: Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .85 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 12.75 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.27 2.91 44.4 2.18 16.0 11.0 80.0 7.0 .88 13.32 3.08 1.55 20.8 2.40 57.0 53.0 72.0 31.0 .51 8.67 3.29 Federal 3-Mode Test; High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO (%) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (%) Low Cruise NO (PPM) 77.7 .522 1285 105.8 .767 844 79.6 .540 1226 109.7 .812 801 55.8 .396 1190 64.7 .346 867 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 18 Table 18. Portland Element III Sample (108 1975-1977 Model Year Vehicles) Average Mileage: Idle HC Outpoint: Idle CO Cutpoint: 35756 Miles 300 PPM 3.0 % Idle Test: Average Idle HC (PPM) Average Idle CO (%) IHC Pass Rate (%) ICO Pass Rate (%) Idle Test Pass Rate (%) As Received (108 Vehicles) 317.1 3.80 58. 41, Vehicles Which Fail Idle Test As Received (77 Vehicles) As After Received Maintenance* 398.7 4.70 41. 18. 28.7 0.0 101.4 .34 97.4 100.0 97.4 Federal Test Procedure: Average FTP HC (GM/MI) 2.78 Average FTP CO (GM/MI) 42.0 Average FTP NO (GM/MI) 2.29 FTP HC Pass Rate (%) 22.2 FTP CO Pass Rate (%) 14.8 FTP NO Pass Rate (%) 77.8 FTP Test Pass Rate (%) 9.3 Highway Fuel Economy Test; Average HFET HC (GM/MI) .85 Average HFET CO (GM/MI) 12.75 Average HFET NO (GM/MI) 3.27 3.28 50.3 2.16 6.5 5.2 80.5 1.3 .98 15.24 3.03 1.63 22.7 2.36 51.9 45. 72. 26.0 .55 10.17 3.16 Federal 3-Mode Test: High Cruise HC (PPM) High Cruise CO (%) High Cruise NO (PPM) Low Cruise HC (PPM) Low Cruise CO (%) Low Cruise NO (PPM) 77.7 .522 1285 105.8 .767 844 86.2 .614 1204 125.9 1.003 780 60.3 .449 1171 70.3 .417 819 * Repairs performed by field mechanics. ------- 19 Table 19. Effect of Typical I/M Repairs on NOx Measurements in Portland (Repairs performed by field mechanics) Initial Test Element III (1975-1977 Vehicles) Pass (179) Fail (108) Element II (1975-1977 Vehicles) Pass (123) Fail (117) Element II (1972-1974 Vehicles) Pass (113) Fail (95) FTP NOx (gm/mi) HFET NOx (gm/mi) After Maintenance 2.44 3.49 2.29 3.27 2.62 3.72 2.47 3.52 3.42 5.09 3.15 5.13 FTP NOx (gm/mi) HFET NOx (gm/mi) Significance of the Change* FTP NOx HFET NOx 2.50 3.45 2.56 3.55 .0274 .2143 .3070 .7543 3.25 4.96 .2280 .4565 * A value of .05 or less indicates a significant change. ------- 20 Table 20. Comparison of NOx Measurements in the Eugene and Portland Element II Samples (1972-1974 Vehicles) I/M Area Initial Test hJ (Portland) N FTP NOx (gm/mi) 219 3.30 113 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 5.11 1st Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 202 3.41 98 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 5.04 2nd Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 197 3.41 93 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 4.75 3rd Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 187 3.34 88 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 5.13 4th Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 174 3.16 80 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 5.13 Non-I/M Area (Eugene) 3.63 5.41 3.70 5.40 3.56 5.18 3.53 5.48 3.40 5.10 Significance of the Difference* .0674 .2432 .0877 .1893 .3728 .0905 .3277 .2416 .1952 .9450 * A value of .05 or less indicates a significant difference between the samples. ------- 21 Table 21. Comparison of NOx Measurements in the Eugene and Portland Element II Samples (1975-1977 Vehicles) I/M Area Initial Test N (Portland) N FTP NOx (gm/mi) 257 2.55 126 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.63 1st Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 235 2.61 113 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.64 2nd Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 221 2.58 95 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.46 3rd Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 209 2.56 78 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.74 4th Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 199 2.46 75 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.74 Non-I/M Area (Eugene) 2.70 3.76 2.73 3.85 2.53 3.37 2.72 3.72 2.51 3.71 Significance of the Difference* .2755 .5327 .4257 .3664 .7501 .6992 .3315 .9368 .7837 .9039 * A value of .05 or less indicates a significant difference between the samples. ------- 22 Table 22. Comparison of NOx Measurements in the Eugene and Portland Element III Samples (1975-1977 Model Years) I/M Area Initial Test N (Portland) N FTP NOx (gm/mi) 292 2.40 126 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.44 1st Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 276 2.44 113 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.31 2nd Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 258 2.45 95 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.23 3rd Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 229 2.52 78 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.73 4th Quarterly Test FTP NOx (gm/mi) 228 2.55 75 HFET NOx (gm/mi) 3.61 Non-I/M Area (Eugene) 2.70 3.76 2.73 3.85 2.53 3.37 2.72 3.72 2.51 3.71 Significance of the Difference* .0356 .1130 .0562 .0112 .6135 .5250 .2494 .9530 .8070 .6931 * A value of .05 or less indicates a significant difference between the samples. ------- Table 23. Significance of Changes in the NOx Measurements Between Quarterly Tests in Oregon Init/lst Quarter* 1st Quarter/2nd Quarter* 2nd Quarter/3rd Quarter* 3rd Quarter/Ath Quarter* Portland Element III (1975-1977 Vehicles) FTP NOx .3317 HFET NOx .1298 Portland Element II (1972-1974 Vehicles) FTP NOx .0622 HFET NOx .5553 Portland Element II (1975-1977 Vehicles) FTP NOx .4480 HFET NOx .9076 Eugene Sample (1972-1974 Vehicles) FTP NOx .8758 HFET NOx .9540 Eugene Sample (1975-1977 Vehicles) FTP NOx .6537 HFET NOx .8963 .0702 .7773 .5678 .0001 .3618 .0026 .0695 .1206 .0075 .0017 .0594 .0000 .1017 .0002 .8231 .0015 .5480 .0310 .0104 .0190 .3910 .2371 .0023 .9346 .0122 .7325 .1745 .0274 .0249 .9208 * A value of .05 or less indicates a significant difference between the samples. ------- |