HD.V 78-07
Technical Report
August 1978
Draft
Recommended Practice for
Determining Exhaust Emissions
from Heavy-Duty Engines Under
Transient Conditions
by
Chester J. France
and
William Clenmens
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA decisions
or positions. They are intended to present technical analysis of
issues using data which are currently available. The purpose in
the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of tech-
nical information and to inform the public of technical develop-
ments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position
or regulatory action.
Standards Development and Support Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Office of Air and Waste Management
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Foreward 1
II. Heavy-Duty Transient Emission Test Procedure 4
Section
§86.1304 Section numbering; construction. 4
§86.1305 Introduction; structure of subpart. 5
§86.1306 Equipment required and 6
specifications; overview.
§86.1307 [Reserved] 7
§86.1308 Dynamometer and engine equipment 8
specifications.
§86.1309 Exhaust gas sampling system. 9
§86.1310 [Reserved] 16
§86.1311 Exhaust gas analytical system. 17
§86.1312 [Reserved] 21
§86.1313 Fuel specifications. 22
§86.1314 Analytical gases. 26
§86.1315 EPA heavy-duty transient engine 28
cycles.
§86.1316 Calibrations; frequency and overview. 33
§86.1317 [Reserved] ' 35
§86.1318 Engine dynamometer calibration. 36
§86.1319 CVS calibration. 37
§86.1320 [Reserved] 50
§86.1321 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. 51
§86.1322 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration. 53
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Section
§86.1323
'§86.1324
§86.1325
'§86.1326
§86.1327
§86.1328
§86.1329
§86.1330
§86.1331
§86.1332
§86.1333
§86.1334
§86.1335
§86.1336
§86.1337
§86.1338
§86.1339
§86.1340
§86.1341
§86.1342
§86.1343
§86.1344
Appendix XI
Oxides of nitrogen analyzer
calibration.
Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
[Reserved]
Calibration of other equipment.
Engine dynamometer test procedures;
overview.
[Reserved]
[Reserved]
Test sequence; general requirements.
[Reserved]
Pre-test procedures.
[Reserved]
[Reserved]
[Reserved]
Engine starting and restarting.
Engine dynamometer test run.
[Reserved]
[Reserved]
Exhaust sample analysis.
[Reserved]
Information required.
[Reserved]
Calculations; exhaust emissions.
Page
55
60
61
62
63
66
67
68
70
71
78
79
80
81
85
90
91
92
94
95
101
102
115
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I. Foreward
The Emission Control Technology Division (ECTD) of EPA
has been involved in the development of transient engine
cycles and the associated test procedures for some time now.
The attached recommended practice is the culmination of these
efforts. The procedures described in this recommended prac-
tice are currently being used by EPA and a contractor in the
performance of baseline testing of 1969 and 1973 heavy-duty
(HD) engines.
These procedures are expected to form the basis for new
test procedures that will be implemented concurrently with the
new, more stringent emission levels for 1983 model year HD
vehicles. The more stringent emission standards are required
by the Clean Air Act Amendments of August 1977. A Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) incorporating the new standards and
transient test procedure will be forthcoming.
The test procedure consists of a cold start transient
engine test after a minimum 12-hour soak. A hot start test
follows the cold start test after a hot soak of 20 minutes.
The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a
continuous proportional sample is collected for analysis,
during the cold and hot start tests. A constant volume
sampler (CVS) is required to obtain a continuous proportional
emission sample. The recommended practice, as written,
assumes that emissions will .be bagged over the cold start test
and the hot start test. Consequently, only two sample bags
need analyzing. However, any number of bags may be used. A
minimum of two bag samples are required though.
Organizationally, the attached test procedure is arranged
in a format similar to the light-duty vehicle (LDV) emission
regulations. In fact, certain sections are copied nearly
verbatim (e.g., §86.1309 Exhaust gas sampling system and
§86.1319 CVS calibration). The sections that are in common
with LDV are identified with a check mark next to the section
number. In the upcoming NPRM common sections may not be
repeated, instead they may only be referenced. However, for
completeness all common sections are included in this recom-
mended practice.
Finally, EPA has issued a number of technical reports
relating to the development of the transient test procedure.
The following list summarizes all pertinent reports issued to
date. Any report listed may be obtained from the EPA Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michi-
gan.
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EPA Report
Number
Technical Report
Title
Author
Date
HDV 76-03 Engine Horsepower Modeling C. France Oct. 1976
for Diesel Engines
HDV 76-04 Engine Horsepower Modeling L. Higdon Dec. 1976
for Gasoline Engine
HDV 77-01 Selection of Transient Cycles T. Wysor & Nov. 1977
for Heavy-Duty Engines C. Prance
HDV 78-01 Category Selection for Trans- C. France May 1978
ient Heavy-Duty Chassis and
Engine Cycles
HDV 78-02 Selection of Transient Cycles T. Wysor & June 1978
for Heavy-Duty Vehicles C. France
HDV 78-03 Truck Driving Patterns and Lr Higdon May 19/8
Use Survey, Phase II, Final
Report, Part II Los Angeles
HDV 78-04 Transient Cycles Arrangement
for Heavy-Duty Engine and
Chassis Emission Testing
C. France July 1978
HDV 78-05 Analysis of Hot/Cold Cycle
Requirements for Heavy-Duty
Vehicles
C. France July 1978
HDV 78-06 A Preliminary Examination of
the Repeatability of the
Heavy-Duty Transient Dyna-
mometer Emission Test
W. Clemmens June 1978
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Other reports available through the National Technical Information
Servce (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
VA 22161) are:
Report Number Report Title
APT.D-1523 Heavy Duty Vehicle Driving
Pattern and Use Survey,
Final Report Part I, New York
City
Author
J.C. Cosby,
Wilbur Smith
& Associates
Date
May 1973
EPA-460/ Heavy Duty Vehicle Driving
3-75-005 Pattern and Use Survey:
Part II - Los Angeles
Basin Final Report
Wilbur S,mith
& Associates
EPA-460/ Truck Driving Pattern and
3-77-009 Use Survey Phase II - Final
Report, Part I
Wilbur Smith June 1977
& Associates •
NOTE: The draft final report addressing heavy-duty vehicle
cycle development has been submitted to EPA by Olson Labora-
tories (EPA's heavy-duty cycle development contractor). The
report will be available for release about September 1978.
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II. Heavy-Duty Transient Emission Test Procedure
§86.1304-83 Section numbering; construction.
(a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated
by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen
designate the first model year for which a section is effec-
tive. A section remains effective until superseded.
Example: Section §86.1311-83 applies to the 1983 and
subsequent model ye$rs until superseded. If a section
§86.1311-85 is promulgated it would take effect beginning with
the 1985 model year; §86.1311^83 would apply to model years
1983 and 1984.
(b) A section reference without a model year suffix
refers to the section applicable for the appropriate model
year.
(c) Unless indicated, all provisions in this subpart
apply to both gasoline-fueled and diesel heavy-duty engines.
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§86.1305-83 Introduction; structure of subpart.
(a) This subpart describes the equipment required and
the procedures to follow in order to perform exhaust emission
tests on gasoline-fueled and diesel heavy-duty engines.
Subpart A sets forth the testing requirements and test inter-
vals necessary to comply with EPA certification procedures.
(b) Four topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections
86.1306 through 86.1315 set forth specifications and equipment
requirements; §§86.1316 through 86.1326 discuss calibration
methods and frequency; test procedures and data requirements
are listed (in approximately chronological order) in §§86.1327
through 86.1342; and calculation formulas are found in
§86.1344.
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§86.1306-83 Equipment required and specifications;
overview.
(a) This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emis-
sions tests on diesel or gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines.
Equipment required and specifications are as follows:
(1) Exhaust emission tests. All engines subject to this
subpart are tested for exhaust emissions. Diesel and gaso-
line-fueled engines are tested identically with the exception
of hydrocarbon measurements; diesel engines require a heated
hydrocarbon detector, §86.1309. Necessary equipment and
specifications appear in sections 86.1308 through 86.1311.
(2) Fuel, analytical gas, and engine cycle specifica-
tions. Fuel specifications for exhaust emission testing and
for service accumulation for gasoline-fueled and diesel
engines are specified in §86.1313. Analytical gases are
specified in §86.1314. The EPA Heavy-Duty Transient Engine
Cycles for use in exhaust testing are specified in §86.1315
and Appendix XI.
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§86,1307-83 [Reserved]
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S86.13Q8T83 Dynamometer and engine equipment
specifications.
(a) Engine dynamometer.
(1) The engine dynamometer system must be capable of
transiently controlling engine torque and rpm, simultaneously
on a transient cycle. The transient fprque, and rpm schedules
listed in §86.1315 and Appendix XI must be followed within the
accuracy requirements specified in §86.1315. In addition, to
these general requirements, the dynamometer shall meet the
following accuracy specifications:
(i) Engine speed shall be accurate to within 2 percent
of point at all speeds.
(ii) Engine torque at the flywheel shall be accurate to
within 3 percent of point at all torque settings above 10
percent of full-scale. Ilelow 10 percent pf full-scale the
accuracy shall be within 5 percent of point.
(2) Dynamometer calibration weights. A minimum of 6
calibration weights for each range used are required. The
weights must be equally spaced and accurate to 0.5 percent.
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"§86.1309-83 Exhaust gas sampling system.
(a) (1) General. The exhaust gas sampling system is
designed to measure the true mass emissions of engine exhaust.
In the CVS concept of measuring mass emissions, two conditions
must be satisfied; the total volume of the mixture of exhaust
and dilution air must be measured, and a continuously propor-
tioned sample of volume must be collected for analysis. Mass
emissions are determined from the sample concentration and
total flow over the test period.
(2) Positive displacement pump. The positive displace1*
ment pump - constant volume sampler (PDP-CVS), Figure N83-1,
satisfies the first condition by metering at a constant
temperature and pressure through the pump. The total volume
is measured by counting the revolutions made by the calibrated
positive displacement pump. The proportional sample is
achieved by sampling at a constant flow rate.
(3) Critical flow venturi. The operation of the cri-
tical flow venturi - constant volume sampler (CFV-CVS), Figure
N83-2, is based upon the principles of fluid dynamics associ-
ated with critical flow. Proportional sampling throughout
temperature excursions is maintained by use of a small CFV in
the sample line. The variable mixture flow rate is maintained
at s,onic velocity, which is directly proportional to the
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AMBIENT AIR
INLET
<3>
TO
OUTSIDE
VENT
, VEHICLE r\
EXHAUSTI)
1 INLET V
HEATED SAMPLE LINE
HC SPAN GAS
ZERO AIR
TO
DILUTION AIR
SAMPLE BAG(S)
TO
EXHAUST
SAMPLE
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMP
MANOMETER
REVOLUTION
COUNTER
PICKUP
DISCHARGE
• FOR DIESEL HC ANALYSIS ONLY
(SEE FIG. N83-3 FOR SYMBOL LEGEND)
FIGURE N83-1 — EXHAUST GAS SAMPLING SYSTEM PDP-CVS
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AMBIENT AIR
INLET
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
, VEHICLE r\
|EXHAUST )
INLET iy
CYCLONIC
SEPARATOR(S)
CRITICAL
FLOW
VENTURI
CVS COMPRESSOR UNIT
TO
DILUTION AIR
SAMPLE BAG(S)
TO
EXHAUST
SAMPLE BAG(S)
{SEE FIG. N83-3 FOR SYMBOL LEGEND)
FIGURE N83-2 — EXHAUST GAS SAMPLING SYSTEM (CFV-CVS)
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square root of the gas temperature, and is computed continr
uously. Since the pressure and temperature are the same at
both venturi inlets, the sample volume is proportional
to the total volume.
(A) Diesel sampling. Diesel engines require a heated
flame ionization detector (HFID) for hydrocarbon analysis.
The sample must be taken as close as practical to the mixing
point of the dilution air and exhaust sample. The HFID, by
design, draws its sample at a constant flow rate. Unless
compensation for varying flow is made the HFID must be used
with a constant flow system to insure a representative sample.
(5) Other systems. Other sampling systems may be used
if shpwn to yield.equivalent results, and if approved in
advance by the Administrator (e.g., a heat exchanger with the
CFV-CVS; an electronic flow integrator without a heat exchan-
ger, with the PDP-CVS; or, for die^el HC measurements, an
electronic flow compensator with the CFV-CVS).
(b) Component description, PDP-CVS. The PDP-CVS, Figure
D83-1, consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly,
heat exchanger, positive displacement pump, sampling system,
and associated valves, pressure and temperature sensors.
The PDP-CVS shall conform to the following requirements:
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(1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the
engine shall remain within _+_ 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of
the static pressure variations measured during a dynamometer
engine cycle with no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Samp-
ling systems capable of maintaining the static pressure to
within +_ 1 inch of water (0.25 kPa) will be used by the
Administrator if a written request substantiates the need for
this closer tolerance.)
(2) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point
immediately ahead of the positive displacement pump, shall be
within _+_ 10°F (5.6°C) of the designed operating temperature at
the start of the test. The gas mixture temperature variation
frpm its value at the start of the test shall be limited to t
10°F (5.6°C) during the entire test. The temperature mea-
suring system shall have an accuracy and precision of + 2°F
(3) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and
precision of j^ 3 mm Hg (0.4 kPa).
(4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough
to eliminate water condensation in the system.
(5) Sample collection bags fpr dilution air and exhaust
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samples shall be sufficient size so as not to impede sample
flow.
(c) Component description, CFV-CVS. The CFV-CVS, Figure
D83-2 consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly,
cyclone particulgte separatqr(s), sampling venturi, critical
flow venturi, sampling system, and assorted valves, pressure
and temperature sensors.
The CFV-CVS shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the
vehicle shall remain within +_ 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of
the static pressure variations measured during a dynampmeter
engine cycle wth no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Sampling
systems capable of maintaining the static pressure to within +
1 inch of water (0,25 kPa) will b.e used by the Administrator
if a written request substantiates the need for this closer
tolerance.)
(2) The temperature measuring system shall have an
accuracy and precision of _+_ 2°F (1.1°C) and a response time of
0.100 seconds to 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as
measured in hot silicone oil).
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(3) The pressure measuring system shall have an accuracy
and precision of _+ 3 mm Hg (0.4 kPa).
(4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to
virtually eliminate water condensation in the system.
(5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust
samples shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample
flow.
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§86.1310-83 [Reserved]
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§86.1311-83 Exhaust gas analytical system.
(a) Schematic drawings. Figure N83-3 is a schematic
drawing of the exhaust gas analytical system. The schematic
of the hydrocarbon analysis train for diesel engines is shown
as part of Figure N83-1. Since various configurations can
produce accurate results, exact conformance with either
drawing is not required. Additional components such as
instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches may be used
to provide additional information and coordinate the functions
of the component systems.
(b) Major component description. The analytical system,
Figure N83-3, consists of a flame ionization detector (FID?
for the determination of hydrocarbons, nondispersive infrared
analyzers (NDIR) for the detepminatiop of qarbon raonpxjLde and
carbon dioxide and a chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for the
determination of oxides of nitrogen. A heated flame ioniza-
tion detector (HFID) is used for the continuous determinatipn
of hydrocarbons from diesel engines, Figure N83-1.
The exhaust gas analytical system shall conform to the
following requirements:
(1) The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in
the sample be converted to nitric oxide before analysis.
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FOR DIESEL HC ANALYSIS
SEE FIG. N83-1
OPEN TO ATMOSPHERE
CONDITIONING
COLUMNS
FLOW CONTROL VALVE
SELECTION VALVE
PARTICULATE FILTER
PUMP
FLOWMETER
PRESSURE GAUGE
RECORDER
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TO OUTSIDE VENT
FIGURE N83-3 EXHAUST GAS ANALYTICAL SYSTEM
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Other types of analyzers may be used if shown to yield equiva-
lent results and if approved in advance by the Administrator.
(2) The carbon monoxide (NDIR) analyzer may require a
sample conditioning column containing CaSO,t or indicating
silica gel to remove water vapor and containing ascarite to
remove carbon dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
(i) If CO instruments wh^ch are essentially free of
CO and water vapor interference are used, the use of the
conditioning column may be deleted, see §86.1322 and §86.1344.
(ii) A CO instrument will be considered to be essenti-
ally free of C02 and water vapor interference if its re-
sponse to a mixture of 3 percent CO. in N? which has been
bubbled through water at room temperature produces an equiva-
lent CO response, as measured on the most sensitive CO range,
which is less than 1 percent of full scale CO concentration on
ranges above 300 ppm full scale or less than 3 ppm on ranges
below 300 ppm full scale, see §86.1322.
(3) For diesel engines a continuous sample shall be
measured using a heated analyzer train as shown in Figure
N83-1. The train shall include a heated continous sampling
line, a heated particulate filter, and a heated hydrocarbon
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instrument (HFID) complete with heated pump, filter and flow
control system.
(i) The response time of £his instrument shall be less
than 1.5 seconds for 90 percent of full-scale response.
(ii) Sample transport time from sampling point to inlet
of instrument shall be less than A seconds.
(iii) The sample fine and filler shall be heated to a set,
point +. 10°F (+_ 5.6°C) between 300 and 390°F (149 and 199°C).
(c) Other analyzers and equipmentt Other types of
analyzers and equipment may be used if shown to yield equiva-
lent results and if approved in advance by the Administrator.
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§86,1312^8? [Reservec}]
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§86.1313-83 Fuel specifications.
(a) Gasoline.
(1) Gasoline having the following specifications will be
used by the Administrator in exhaust emission testing.
Gasoline having the following specifications or substantially
equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall
be used by the manufacturer in exhaust testing, except that
the lead and octane specifications do not apply.
Item ' ' ASTM "~ Leaded '''"'""Unleaded
Octane, research, minimum ---- :-D2699- ------ 98 -------- 93
Pb. (organic), gm/U.S. gallon ----------- 1.4(1) --- 0.00-0.05
Distillation range:
10 percent point, °F— ---- D86— r— -"-^120-135-- — r!20-135
50 percent point, °F ----- D86 ------- 200-230 ---- -200-230
90 percent point, °F -- ' ---- D86 ------- 300-325 --- 300-325
EP, °F (maximum)--^ -------- 086-"— -- -r-r— 4 1 5-—r:~-'"Tr4 1 5
Sulphur, weight percent, (max) — D1266 ------- 0.10 ---- • --- 0.10
Phosphorus, gm/U.S. gallon (max) ----------- 0.01 ------ 0.005
RVP, psi -—T-T--— ---- '. — i-i-:n --- -D323 — TT^-r8.7-9T2— r-^-8.7-9.2
Hydrocarbon composition:
Olefins, percent, (max) ---- D1319 -------- 10 -------- 10
Aeromatics, percent (max)-rD!319-'T~''~~^T*"35i— T— — f-- -35
Sa tur a t e s ------------------ D 1319 ------- ( 2 ) -------- ( 2 )
(1) Minimum.
(2) Remainder.
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(2) Gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be
used in service accumulation. For leaded gasoline the minimum
lead content shall be 1.4 grams per U.S. gallon, except that;
where the Administrator determines that vehicles represented
by a test vehicle will be operated using gasoline of different
lead content than that prescribed in this paragraph, he may
consent in writing to use of a gasoline with a different lead
content. The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be not
higher than 1.0 Research octane number above the minimum
recommended by the manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity
of 7.5 octane numbers, where sensitivity is defined as the
Research octane number minus the Motor octane number. The
Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be character-
istic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the
service accumulation takes place.
(3) The specification range of the gasoline to be used
under paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be reported in
accordance with §86.083-21(b) (3).
(b) Diesel fuel.
(1) The diesel fuels employed for testing shall be clean
and bright, with pour and cloud points adequate for operabil-
ity. The diesel fuel may contain nonmetallic additives as
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follows: Cetane improver, metal deactivator, antioxidant,
dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, and dispersant.
(2) Diesel fuel meeting the following specifications, or
substantially equivalent specifications approved by the
Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emissions testing.
The grade of diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufac-
turer commercially designated as "Type 1-D" or "Type 2-D"
grade diesel fuel shall be used.
Item ASTM Type 1-D Type 2-D
Cetane •• '0613——n~-48-54-r-]-- ~j- —42-50
Distillation range:
IBP °F -. D86 330-390 340-400
10 percent point, °F D86 370-430 400-460
50 percent point, °F rD86-r-—<~*410-480-rr-— 47Q-r540
90 percent point, °F D86 460-520 550T610
EP, °F D86 500-560 580-660
Gravity, "API D287 40-44 33-37
Total Sulfur, percent —D129 or D2622-0.05-0.20 0.2-0.5
Hydrocarbon composition:
Aromatics, percent D1319 8 (1) 27 (1)
Parafins, Naphthenes,
0 le f ins Dl 319 (2 )- (2)
Flashpoint, °F (minimum) D93i—' rr rl20rr~!—™n*r—-i—i—130
Viscosity, Centistokes D445 1.6-2.0 2.0-3.2
(1) Minimum.
(2) Remainder.
(3) Diesel fuel meeting the following specifications, or
substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Admin-
istrator, shall be used in service accumulation. The grade of
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diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, commer-
cially designated as "Type 1-D" or "Type 2-D" grade diesel
fuel shall be used.
Item ASTM Type 1-D Type 2-D
Cetane (minimum) r : D613 42-56 30-58
Distillation range:
90 percent point, °F D86 440-530 540-630
Gravity °APM D287 39-45 30-42
Total sulfur, percent (minimum) -D129 or D2622 0.05(1) 0.2
Flashpoint, °F (minimum) D93 —120—^r 130
Viscosity, centistokes D455 1.2-2.2 1.5-4.5
(1) Minimum.
(4) Other petroleum distillation fuel specifications:
(i) Other petroleum distillate fuels may be used for
testing and service accumulation provided they are c.pmmer-
cially available, and
(ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is
provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in
customer service, and
(iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(2) and
(b)(3) of this section would have a detrimental effect on
emissions or durability, and
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(iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
(5) The specification range of the fuels to be used
under paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) of this section
shall be reported in accordance with §86.083-21(b) (3).
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§86.1314-83 Analytical gases.
(a) Analyzer gases.
(1) Gases for the CO and C02 analyzers shall be single
blends of CO and COj respectively using nitrogen as the di-
luent.
(2) Gases for the hydrcarbon analyzer shall be single
blends of propane using air as the diluent.
(3) Gases for the NOx analyzer shall be single blends of
NO named as NOx with a maximum N02 concentration of 5 percent
of the nominal value using nitrogen as the diluent.
(4) Fuel for the FID shall be a blend of 40 +_ 2 percent
hydrogen with the balance being helium. The mixture shall
contain less than 1 ppm equivalent carbon response. 98 to
100% hydrogen fuel may be used with advance approval of the
Administrator.
(5) The allowable zero gas (air or nitrogen) impurity
concentrations shall not exceed 1 ppm equivalent carbon
response, 1 ppm carbon monoxide, 0.04 percent (400 ppm) carbon
dioxide and 0.1 ppm nitric oxide.
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(6)(a) "Zero-grade air" includes artificial "air" consis-
ting of a blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentra-
tions between 18 and 21 mole percent.
(b) Calibration gases shall be traceable to within 1
percent of NBS gas standards, or other gas standards which
have been approved by the Administrator.
(c) Span gases shall be accurate to within 2 percent of
true concentration, where true concentration refers to NBS gas
standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by
the Administrator.
(7) The use of proportioning and precision blending
devices to obtain the required gas concentrations is allowable
provided their use has been approved in advance by the Admin-
istrator.
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§86.1315-83 Heavy-duty transient engine cycle.
(a) The heavy-duty transient engine cycles for gasoline-
fueled and diesel engines are listed in Appendix XI. These
second-by-second listings are designed to represent transient
torque and rpm maneuvers characteristic of heavy-duty vehicles.
Both rpm and torque are normalized in these listings. To
unnormalize rpm use the following equation:
Actual RPM = ^(Measured **tedflRPM - Curb Idle RPM) + Curb Mle
Torque is normalized to the maximum torque at the rpm listed
with it. Therefore, to unnormalize the torque values in the
cycle, the maximum torque curve for the engine in question
must be used. The generation of the maximum torque curve is
described in §86.1332.
(b) Example of the unnormalization procedure. The
following test point shall be unnormalized:
%RPM %Torque
43 81
The test engine has these values:
Measured Rated RPM = 3800
Curb Idle RPM =600
Maximum Torque = -.823 x 10"11 RPM4 + .709 x 10~7 RPM3
-.220 x 10~J RPM + .286 RPM + 25.031
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Calculate actual RPM:
Actual RPM = %RPM(RatedQRPM - Idle RPM) + ^ RpM
Actual RPM = 43(3800^600)
Actual RPM = 1976
Calculate actual torque;
Maximum torque at 43% RPM or 1976 RPM =
-.823 x 10~n(19764) + .709 x 10~7(19763)
-.220 x 10~3(19762) + .286(1976) + 25.031 = 153 ft-lbs,
(c) Engine speed and torque shall be recorded at least
once every second during the cold start test and hot start
test. The torque and rpm feedback signals may be electrically
filtered.
(d) Cycle validation.
(1) To reduce errors between the feedback and reference
(cycle trace) values the engine speed and torque feedback
signals may be shifted a maximum of +_ 5 seconds with respect
to the reference speed and torque traces. If the feedback
signals are shifted, both must be shifted the same amount.
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-30-
(2) Calculate the brake horsepower for each pair of
engine speed and torque values recorded. Also calculate the
reference brake horsepower for each pair of engine speed and
torque reference values.
(3) Linear regressions of feedback value on reference
value shall be performed for speed, torque and brake horse-
power. The method of least-square shall be used. The
equation shall have the form:
y = mx + b
where:
y = The estimated feedback (actual) value of speed (in
rpm), torque (in ft-lbs.), or brake horsepower.
m = Slope of the regression line.
x = The reference value (speed, torque, or brake horse-
power) .
b = The y intercept of the regression line.
(4) The standard error of estimate (SE) of y on x and
o
the coefficient of determination (r ) shall be calculated
for each regression line.
(5) All speed points except the initial 24 +_ 1 second
idle period of the cold and hot start cycles shall be included
when performing the speed regression.
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-31-
(6) All torque points except the following points shall
be included when performing the torque regression:
(i) All torque points measured during the initial 24 _+_
1 second idle period of the cold and hot start cycle.
(ii) All torque points where the throttle is wide-open
and negative torque error occurs.
(7) All points included in the regression on torque
shall be used when performing the regression on brake horse-
power .
(8) For a valid test the following criteria must be met
for both cycles (cold start and hot start), individually:
(i) Regression line tolerances.
Speed Torque Brake Horsepower
Standard Error
of Estimate (SE) 100 rpm 10% of max. 5% of maximum
of y on x engine torque brake horsepower
(in ft-lbs)
Slope of the .970-1.020 .850-1.020 .900-1.020
Regression Line, m
Coefficient of .9700(1) .8800(1) .9200(1)
2
Determination, r
y Intercept of
the Regression +_ 50 rpm ^ 10.0 ft-lbs. +^5.0 BHP
Line, b
(1) Minimum.
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-32-
(ii) The integrated brake horsepower-hour for each cycle
(cold and hot start) shall be between -15% and +5% of the
integrated brake horsepower-hour for the reference cycle or
the test is void. Ml torque and speed data points including
closed throttle and wide-open throttle must be used to calcu-
late the integrated brake horsepower-hour. The free idle
points do not have to be included in the calculation, however
if included, the reference cycle and the engine data must be
treated in a consistent manner. For the purposes of this
calculation, negative torque values (i.e., motoring horse-
power) shall be set equal to zero and included.
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-33-
§86.1316-83 Calibrations; frequency and overview.
(a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in
§§86.1318 through 86.1326.
(b) At least monthly or after any maintenance which
could alter calibration, the following calibrations and checks
shall be performed:
(1) Calibrate the hydrocarbon analyzer, carbon dioxide
analyzer, carbon monoxide analyzer, and oxides of nitrogen
analyzer.
(2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and
speed measurement transducers.
(3) Calibrate the engine flywheel torque and speed
feedback signals.
(c) At least weekly or after any maintenance which could
alter calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall
be performed:
(1) Check the oxides of nitrogen converter efficiency,
and
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-34-
(2) Perform a CVS system verification.
(d) The CVS positive displacement pump or critical flow
venturi shall be calibrated following initial installation,
major maintenance or as necessary when indicated by the CVS
system verification (described in §86.1319).
(e) Sample conditioning columns, if used in the CO
analyzer train, should be checked at a frequency consistent
with observed column life or when the indicator of the column
packing begins to show deterioration.
-------
-35-
§86.1317-83 [Reserved]
-------
-36-
§86.1318-83 Engine dynamometer system calibration.
(a) The engine flywheel torque and engine speed measure-
ment transducers shall be calibrated at least once each month.
(b) The engine flywheel torque and engine speed feedback
signa'l shall be within ^3% and +2% of the engine flywheel
torque and engine speed transducer values, respectively. The
torque and speed feedback signals" shall be calibrated at least
once each month.
(c) Other engine dynamometer system calibrations shall
be performed as dictated by good engineering practice and
manufacturer's recommendations.
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-37-
§86.1319-83 CVS calibration.
The CVS is calibrated using an accurate flowmeter and
restrictor valve. Measurements of various parameters are made
and related to flow through the unit. Procedures used by EPA
for both PDF and CFV are outlined below. Other procedures
yielding equivalent results may be used if approved in advance
by the Administrator.
After the calibration curve has been obtained, verifica-
tion of the entire system can be performed by injecting a
known mass of gas into the system and comparing the mass
indicated by the system to the true mass injected. An indi-
cated error does not necessrily mean that the calibration is
wrong, since other factors can influence the accuracy of the
system, e.g. analyzer calibration. A verification procedure
is found in paragraph (c) of this section.
(a) PDP calibration.
(1) The following calibration procedure outlines the
equipment, the test configuration, and the various parameters
which must be measured to establish the flow rate of the CVS
pump. All the parameters related to the pump are simultan-
eously measured with the parameters related to a flowmeter
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-38-
which is connected in series with the pump. The calculated
flow rate, ft /min., (at pump inlet absolute pressure and
temperature) can then be plotted versus a correlation function
which is the value of a specific combination of pump para-
meters. The linear equation which relates the pumpflow and
the correlation function is then determined. In the event
that a CVS has a multiple speed drive, a calibration for each
range used must be performed.
(2) This calibration procedure is based on the measure-
ment of the absolute values of the pump and flowmeter para-
meters that relate the flow rate at each point. Three condi-
tions must be maintained to assure the accuracy and integrity
of the calibration curve. First, the pump pressures should be
measured at taps on the pump rather than at the external
piping on the pump inlet and outlet. Pressure taps that are
mounted at the top center and bottom center of the pump drive
headplate are exposed to the actual pump cavity pressure, and
therefore reflect the absolute pressure differentials.
Secondly, the temperature stability must be maintained during
calibration. The laminar flowmeter is sensitive to inlet
temperature oscillations which cause the data points to be
scattered. Gradual changes (+^ 2°F (1.1°C)) in temperature are
acceptable as long as they occur over a period of several
minutes. Finally, all connections between the flowmeter and
the CVS pump must be absolutely void of any leakage.
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-39-
(3) During an exhaust emission test the measurement of
these same pump parameters enables the user to calculate the
flow rate from the calibration equation.
(4) Connect a system as shown in Figure N83-4. Although
particular types of equipment are shown, other configurations
that yield equivalent results may be used if approved in
advance by the Administrator. For the system indicated, the
following data with given accuracy are required:
CALIBRATION DATA MEASUREMENTS
Parameter
Barometric pressure
(corrected)
Ambient temperature
Sym
PB
T
Units
in. Hg (kPa)
°F (°C)
Tolerances
+^.01 in.
+.5°F (+
Hg (jf.034
.28°C)
kPa)
F ( C) +.25 F ( + .14 C)
Pressure depression up-
stream of LFE EPI in. H2o (kPa) j+.05 in. H20 (_+.001 kPa)
Pressure drop across the
LFE matrix EDP in. HO (kPa) +^005 in. H.O (+_.001 kPa)
Air temperature at CVS
pump inlet PTI °F (°C) ^.5°F (+_.28°C)
Pressure depression at
CVS pump inlet PPI in. Fluid (kPa) +^05 in. Fluid (+^.022 kPa)
Specific gravity of mano-
meter fluid (1.75 oil) Sp. G -
Pressure head at CVS
pump outlet PPO in. Fluid (kPa) +^05 in. Fluid (+^022 kPa)
Air Temperature at CVS
pump outlet (optional) PTO °F (°C) +_.5°F (^.28°C)
Pump revolutions during
test period N Revs +_ 1 Rev.
Elapsed time for test
period t s +.05 s
(5) After the system has been connected as shown in
Figure N83-4, set the variable restrictor in the wide open
-------
VARIABLE FLOW
RESTRICTOR
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
INDICATOR
REVOLUTIONS N
SECONDS t
ETM—
SURGE
CONTROL
VALVE
-- ^MANOMETER
FIGURE N83-4 — PDP-CVS CALIBRATION CONFIGURATION
-------
-41-
position and run the CVS pump for 20 minutes. Record the
calibration data.
(6) Reset the retrictor valve to a more restricted
condition in an increment of pump inlet depression (about 4"
HO (1.0 kPa)) that will yield a minimum of six data points
for the total calibration. Allow the system to stabilize for
3 minutes and repeat the data acquisition.
(7) Data analysis:
(i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is
calculated in standard cubic feet per minute from the flow-
meter data using the manufacturer's prescribed method.
(ii) The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow,
V , in cubic feet per revolution at absolute pump inlet
temperature and pressure.
v Qs x ^p x 29.92
Vo n 528 —
P
Where:
3 . 3
V = Pump flow, ft /revolution (m /revolution) at T P .
o P P
Qs = Meter air flow rate in standard cubic feet per
minute, standard conditions are 68°F, 29.92 in. Hg (20°C,
101.3 kPa).
n = Pump speed in revolutions per minute.
-------
-42-
T = Pump inlet temperature R(K)
p - PTI + 460
for SI units, T - PTI + 273
P
P = Absolute pump inlet pressure, in. Hg (kPa)
P = PB " PPI (Sp* Gr'/13'57>
for SI units, P = P •- PPI
P B
Where:
P = barometric pressure, in. Hg (kPa).
B
PPI e Pump inlet depression, in. fluid (kPa),
Sp. Gr. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid relative to
water.
(iii) The correlation function at each test point is then
calculated from the calibration data.
x = 1
o —
n\
Where:
x = correlation function.
o
p = The pressure differential from pump inlet to
P pump outlet, in. Hg (kPa).
= P - P
e p
P = Absolute pump outlet pressure, in. Hg (kPa)
e = P + PPO (Sp. Gr./13.57)
for SI units, P = P + PPO
e B
-------
-43-
Where:
PPO = Pressure head at pump oulet, in. fluid (kPa).
(iv) A linear least squares fit is preformed to generate
the calibration equations which have the forms:
V = D - M(X )
O 0 O
n = A- B(APp)
D , M, A, and B are the slope-intercept constants de-
sSribing the lines.
(8) A CVS system that has multiple speeds should be
calibrated on each speed used. The calibration curves gener-
ated for the ranges will be approximately parallel and the
intercept values, D , will increase as the pump flow range
decreases.
(9) If the calibration has been performed carefully, the
calculated values from the equation will be within +0.50
percent of the measured value of V . Values of M will
vary from one pump to another, but values of D for pumps
of same make, model, and range should agree within +_ 3
percent of each other. Particulate influx from use will cause
the pump slip to decrease as reflected by lower values for M.
Calibrations should be performed at pump start-up and after
major maintenance to assure the stability of the pump slip
rate. Analysis of mass injection data will also reflect pump
slip stability.
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-44-
(b) CVF calibration
(1) Calibration of the CFV is based upon the flow
equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow is a function of
inlet pressure and temperature:
K P
Q
x
s
Where:
Q = flow,
s
K = calibration coefficient,
v
P = absolute pressure,
T = absolute temperature.
The calibration procedure described below establishes the
value of the calibration coefficient at measured values of
pressure, temperature and air flow.
(2) The manufacturer's recommended procedure shall be
followed for calibrating electronic portions of the CFV.
(3) Measurements necessary for flow calibration are as
follows:
-------
-44a-
Calibration Data Measurements
PARAMETER
SYM
UNITS
TOLERANCES
"Barometric Pressure
(corrected)
"Air temperature,
flowmeter
"Pressure depression
upstream of LFE
Pg in. Hg (kPa) _+.01 in. Hg (+^.034 kPa)
ETI
+.25°F
EPI in. HO (kPa) +^05 in. H-0 (^.012 kPa)
'Pressure drop across EDP in. HO (kPa) +.005 in. H.O (+.001 kPa)
LFE matrix
°Air flow
3 3
ft /min. (m /min.)
. ^.
+.5%
CFV inlet depression PPI in. fluid (kPa) _+.05 in. fluid (^.022 kPa)
°Temperature at
venturi inlet
Specific gravity of
manometer fluid
(1.75 oil)_
+.5°F (+.28°C)
Sp. Gr.
(4) Set up equipment as shown in Figure N83-5 and check
for leaks. Any leaks between the flow measuring devices and
the critical flow venturi will seriously affect the accuracy
of the calibration.
(5) Set the variable flow restrictor to the open posi-
tion, start the blower, and allow the system to stabilize.
Record data from all instruments.
(6) Vary the flow restrictor and make at least 8 readings
across the critical flow range of the venturi.
-------
CVS DUCT
ETI
SAMPLER DUCT
SURGE CONTROL
VALVE
X
VARIABLE FLOW
RESTRICTOR
MANOMETER
FIGURE N83-5 — CFV-CVS CALIBRATION CONFIGURATION
-------
-46-
(7) Data analysis. The data recorded during the cali-
bration are to be used in the following calculations:
(i) The air flow rate, Q , at each test point is cal-
culated in standard cubic feet per minute from the flow meter
data using the manufacturer's prescribed method.
(ii) Calculate values of the calibration coefficient for
each test point:
Q / T
K -
P
V
Where:
Q = Flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute,
8 standard conditions are 68 °F, 29.92 in. Hg
(20°C, 101.3 kPa).
T = Temperature at venturi inlet, R(K).
P = Pressure at venturi inlet, mm Hg (kPa).
= PB - PPI (Sp. Gr./13.57).
for SI units: P = P_ - PPI
v B
Where:
PPI = Venturi inlet pressure depression, in. fluid (kPa),
Sp. Gr. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid, relative to
water.
(iii) Plot K as a function of venturi inlet pressure.
For sonic flow, K will have a relatively constant value. As
pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes
unchoked and K decreases. See Figure N83-6.
-------
.OPERATING
RANGE
Kv
INLET DEPRESSION ("H2O)
FIGURE N83-6 — SONIC FLOW CHOKING
-------
-48-
(iv) For a minimum of 8 points in the critical region
calculate an average K^ and the standard deviation.
(v) If the standard deviation exceeds 0.3% of the
average KV take corrective action.
(c) CVS system verification.
The following "gravimetric" technique can be used to
verify that the CVS and analytical instruments can accurately
measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system.
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow
metering using critical flow orifice devices.)
(1) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with
pure propane or carbon monoxide gas (caution - carbon monoxide
is poisonous).
(2) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the
nearest 0.01 grams.
(3) Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a
quantity of pure propane or carbon monoxide into the system
during the sampling period (approximately 5 minutes).
(4) The calculations of §86.1344 are performed in the
normal way except in the case of propane. The density of
-------
-49-
3 3
propane (17.30 g/ft /carbon atom (0.6109 kg/m /carbon atom))
is used in place of the density of exhaust hydrocarbons. In
3
the case of carbon monoxide, the density of 32.97 g/ft (1.164
kg/m ) is used.
(5) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS
measured mass and then divided by the gravimetric mass to
determine the percent accuracy of the system.
(6) The cause for any discrepancy greater than +2
percent must be found and corrected.
-------
-50-
§86.1320-83 [Reserved]
-------
-51-
§86.1321-83 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall receive the following
initial and periodic calibration. The HFID shall be operated
to a set point +_ 10°F (^5.5°C) between 300 and 390°F (149 and
199°C).
(a) Initial and period optimization of detector response.
Prior to its introduction into service and at least annually
thereafter the FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be adjusted for
optimum hydrocarbon response. Alternate methods yielding
equivalent results may be used, if approved in advance by the
Administrator.
(1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument
start-up and basic operating adjustment using the appropriate
fuel (see §86.1314) and zero-grade air.
(2) Optimize on the most common operating range.
Introduce into the analyzer, a propane in air mixture with a
propane concentration equal to approximatley 90% of the most
common operating range.
(3) Select an operating fuel flow rate that will give
near maximum response and least variation in response with
minor fuel flow variations.
-------
-52-
(4) To determine the optimum air flow, use the fuel flow
setting determined above and vary air flow.
(5) After the optimum flow rates have been determined,
they are recorded for future reference.
(b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its
introduction into service and monthly thereafter the FID
hydrocarbon analyzer shall be calibrated on all normally used
instrument ranges. Use the same flow rate as when analyzing
samples.
(1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
(2) Zero the hydrocarbon anlyzer with zero-grade air.
(3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with
propane in air calibration gases having nominal concentrations
of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of that range. For each
range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-
fit straight line is 2% or less of the value at each data
point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a
single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation
exceeds 2% at any point, the best-fit non-linear equation
which represents the data to within 2% of each test point
shall be used to determine concentration.
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-53-
§86.1322-83 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
The NDIR carbon monoxide analyzer shall receive the
following initial and periodic calibrations:
(a) Initial and periodic interference check. Prior to
its introduction into service and annually thereafter the NDIR
carbon monoxide analyzer shall be checked for response to
water vapor and C0_;
(1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instru-
ment start-up and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize
performance on the most sensitive range to be used.
(2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either
zero-grade air or zero-grade nitrogen.
(3) Bubble a mixture of 3 percent CO in N7 through
water at room temperature and record analyzer response.
(4) An analyzer resonse of more than 1 percent of full
scale for ranges above 300 ppm full scale or more than 3 ppm
on ranges below 300 ppm full scale will require corrective
action. (Use of conditioning columns is one form of correc-
tive action which may be taken.)
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-54-
(b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its
introduction into service and monthly thereafter the NDIR
carbon monoxide analyzer shall be calibrated.
(1) Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
(2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either
zero-grade air or zero-grade nitrogen.
(3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with
carbon monoxide in N calibration gases having nominal concen-
trations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range.
Additional calibration points may be generated. For each
range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-
fit straight line is 2 percent of less of the value at each
data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of
a single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation
exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear equa-
tion which represents the data to within 2% of each test point
shall be used to determine concentration.
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-55-
§86.1323-83 Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
The chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen analyzer shall
receive the following initial and periodic calibration.
(a) Prior to its introduction into service and weekly
thereafter the chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen analyzer
shall be checked for NO- to NO converter efficiency. Figure
N83-7 is a reference for the following steps:
(1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instru-
ment start-up and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize
performance.
(2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero-grade
air or zero-grade nitrogen.
(3) Connect the outlet of the NOx generator to the
sample inlet of the oxides of nitrogen analyzer which has been
set to the most common operating range.
(4) Introduce into the NOx generator analyzer-system an
NO in nitrogen (N ) mixture with a NO concentration equal to
approximately 80 percent of the most common operating range.
The N0£ content of the gas mixture shall be less than 5 percent
of the NO concentration.
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-56-
FLOW CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
OaOR AIRf—1
SUPPLY L_T
OZONATOR
ANALYZER
INLET
CONNECTOR
NO/N2 i—i
SUPPLY LJ
(SEE FIG. N83-3 FOR SYMBOL LEGEND)
FIGURE N83-7 — NOx CONVERTER EFFICIENCY DETECTOR
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-57-
(5) With the oxides of nitrogen analyzer in the NO mode,
record the concentration of NO indicated by the analyzer.
(6) Turn on the NOx generator 0 (or air) supply and
adjust the 0? (or air) flow rate so that the NO indicated by
the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in step
(5). Record the concentration of NO in this NO + 0 mixture.
(7) Switch the NOx generator to the generation mode and
adjust the generation rate so that the NO measured on the
analyzer is 20 percent of that measured in step (5). There
must be at least 10 percent unreacted NO at this point.
Record the concentration of residual NO.
(8) Switch the oxides of nitrogen analyzer to the NOx
mode and measure total NOx. Record this value.
(9) Switch off the NOx generator but maintain gas flow
through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will
indicate the NOx in the NO + 0 mixture. Record this value.
(10) Turn of the NOx generator 0 (or air) supply. The
analyzer will now indicate the NOx in the original NO in N
mixture. This value should be no more than 5 percent above
the value indicated in step (4).
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-58-
(11) Calculate the efficiency of the NOx converter by
substituting the concentrations obtained into the following
equation:
Percent Efficiency = [1 + (a " .) ] x 100
c — a
where: a = concentration obtained in step (8),
b = concentration obtained in step (9),
c c concentration obtained in step (6),
d = concentration obtained in step (7).
If converter efficiency is not greater than 90% corrective
action will be required.
(b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its
introduction into service and monthly thereafter the chemilum-
inescent oxides of .nitrogen analyzer shall be calibrated on
all normally used instrument ranges. Use the same flow rate
as when analyzing samples. Proceed as follows:
(1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
(2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero-grade
air or zero-grade nitrogen.
(3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with
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-59-
NO in N calibration gases with nominal concentrations of 15,
30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of that range. For each range
calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit
straight line is 2% of less of the value at each data point,
concentration values may be calculated by use of a single
calibration factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds
2% at any point, the best-fit non-linear equation which
represents the data to within 2% of each test point shall be
used to determine concentration.
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-60-
$86.1324-83 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
Prior to its introduction into service and monthly there-
after the NDIR carbon dioxide analyzer shall be calibrated as
follows:
(a) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instru-
ment start-up and operation* Adjust the analyzer to optimize
performance.
(b) Zero the carbon dioxide analyzer with either zero-
grade air or zero-grade nitrogen.
(c) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with
carbon dioxide in Nj calibration gases having nominal concen-
trations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range.
Additional calibration points may be generated. For each
range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-
fit straight line is 2 percent of less of the value at each
data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of
a single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation
exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear equa-
tion which represents the data to within 2% of each test point
shall be used to determine concentration.
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-61-
§86.1325-83 [Reserved]
-------
-62-
§86.1326-83 Calibration of other equipment.
Other test equipment used for testing shall be calibrated
as often as required by the manufacturer or as necessary
according to good practice.
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-63-
§86.1327-83 Engine dynamometer test procedures;
overview.
(a) The engine dynamometer test procedure is designed to
determine the brake-specific emission of hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. The test procedure
consists of a "cold" start test after a minimum 12-hour and a
maximum 36-hour soak as described in §86.1332. A "hot" start
test follows the "cold" start test after a hot soak of 20
minutes. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air
and a continuous proportional sample is collected for analysis
during the cold and hot start tests. The composite samples
collected in bags are analyzed for hydrocarbons (except diesel
hydrocarbons which are analyzed continuously), carbon mon-
oxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. A parallel
sample of the dilution air is similarly analyzed for hydro-
carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of
nitrogen.
(b) Engine torque and rpm shall be recorded continuously
during both the cold and hot start tests. Data points shall
be recorded at least once every second.
(c) Using the torque and rpm feedback signals the brake
horsepower is integrated with respect to time for the cold and
hot cycles. This produces a brake horsepower-hour value that
enables the brake-specific emissions to be determined (see
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-64-
§86.1344, Calculations; exhaust emissions).
(d)(l) When an engine is tested for exhaust emissions or
is operated for service accumulation on an engine dynamometer,
the complete engine shall be tested, with all emission control
devices installed and functioning.
(2) Evaporative emission controls need not be connected
if data are provided to show that normal operating conditions
are maintained in the engine induction system.
(3) On air cooled engines, the fan shall be installed.
(4) Additional accessories (e.g., oil cooler, alterna-
tors, air compressors, etc.) may be installed with advance
approval by the Administrator.
(5) The engine must be equipped with a production type
starter.
(e) Engine cooling. Means of engine cooling which will
maintain the engine operating temperatures (e.g., intake air,
oil, water, etc.) at approximately the same temperature as
specified by the manufacturer shall be used. Auxiliary fan(s)
may be used to maintain engine cooling during operation on the
dynamometer.
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-65-
(f) Exhaust system.
(1) A chassis-type exhaust system shall be used. The
exhaust system shall meet the following requirements.
(i) For all catalyst systems, the distance from the
exhaust manifold flange(s) to the catalyst shall be the same
as in the vehicle configuration unless the manufacturer pro-
vides data shoving equivalent performance at another location.
(ii) The exhaust back pressures shall typify those seen
in the actual vehicle exhaust system configuration.
-------
-66-
§86.1328-78 [Reserved]
-------
-67-
§86.1329-83 [Reserved]
-------
-68-
§86.1330-83 Test sequence, general requirements.
The test sequence shown in Figure N83-8 shows thp major
steps encountered as the test engine undergoes the procedures
subsequently described. The average ambient temperature of
the engine intake air shall be maintained at 25°C _+5°C (77"F +_
9°F) throughout the test sequence. During the generation of
the maximum torque curve and the exhaust emission test runs,
the humidity level shall be maintained at 75 +_ 15 grains of
water per pound of dry air and the barometer pressure shall
not deviate more than 1 in. Hg from the value measured at the
beginning of the test sequence.
-------
-69-
72 HR.
MAX.
GENERATE MAXIMUM TORQUE CURVE
PRACTICE CYCLE RUNS
COLD SOAK
8 HR. MAX.
HR. MIN.
COLD START EXHAUST EMISSION TEST
HOT SOAK
•20 MINUTES
HOT START EXHAUST EMISSION TEST
(END)
FIGURE N83-8 — TEST SEQUENCE
-------
-70-
§86.1331-83 [Reserved]
-------
-71-
§86.1332-83 Pre-test procedures.
(a) Mount test engine on the engine dynamometer.
(b) Determine maximum engine speed.
(1) Gasoline-fueled.
(i) For ungoverned engines the maximum engine speed
shall be the manufacturer's recommended maximum safe operating
speed.
(ii) For governed engines the maximum engine speed shall
be the speed at which there is at least a 50 percent drop-off
in torque.
(2) Diesel fueled. The maximum engine speed shall be
the manufacturer's rated speed.
(c) Determine minimum engine speed.
(1) Gasoline-fueled. The minimum engine speed is calcu-
lated from the following equation:
minimum speed = (curb idle - 200 rpm) or 400 rpm,
whichever is greater.
-------
-72-
(2) Diesel fueled. The minimum engine speed is calcu-
lated from the following equation:
minimum speed = 0.6(rated speed).
(d) Determine maximum torque curve.
(1) Gasoline-fueled.
(i) Start the engine and operate at zero load in
accordance with the manufacturer's start-up and warm-up
procedures for 1 minute +_ 30 seconds.
(ii) Operate the engine at a torque equivalent to 10 _+_ 3
percent of the most recent determination of maximum torque for
A minutes +_ 30 seconds at 2000 rpm.
(iii) Operate the engine at a torque equivalent to 55 _+_ 5
percent of the most recent determination of maximum torque for
35 minutes _+_ 1 minute at 2000 rpm.
(iv) Option. If the engine has been operating on
service accumulation for a minimum of 40 minutes, the service
accumulation may be substituted for step (l)(i) through
(v) Operate the engine at idle.
-------
-73-
(vi) Open the throttle fully.
(vii) While still maintaining wide-open throttle and
full-load obtain minimum engine speed. Maintain minimum
engine speed for 15 seconds.
(viii) Record the average torque during the last 5 seconds.
(ix) In 100 rpm increments determine the maximum torque
curve from minimum speed to maximum speed. Hold each test
point for 15 seconds and record the average torque over the
last 5 seconds.
(2) Diesel fueled.
(i) Start the engine and operate at idle for 2 to 3
minutes.
(ii) Operate the engine at approximately 50 percent
power at the peak torque speed for 5 to 7 minutes.
(iii) Operate the engine at rated speed and maximum
horsepower for 25 to 30 minutes.
-------
-74-
(iv) Option. It is permitted to pre-condition the
engine at rated speed and maximum horsepower until the oil and
water temperatures are stabilized. The temperatures are
defined as stabilized if they are maintained within 2 percent
of point for 2 minutes. The engine must be operated a minimum
of 10 minutes for this option. This optional procedure may be
substituted for step (iii).
(v) Option. If the engine has been operating on
service accumulation for a minimum of 40 minutes, the service
accumulation may be substituted for steps (i) through (iii).
(vi) Unload the engine and measure the curb idle speed.
(vii) Operate the engine at wide-open throttle and
minimum engine speed. Maintain minimum engine speed for 30
seconds.
(viii) Record the average torque over the last 5 seconds.
(ix) In 200 rpm increments determine the maximum torque
curve from minimum speed to the maximum speed (rated speed).
Hold each test point for 30 seconds and record the average
torque over the last 5 seconds.
(x) Unload the engine, maintain wide-open throttle,
-------
-75-
and measure the high idle speed.
(e) Mapping curve generation.
(1) Gasoline-fueled.
(i) Fit all data points recorded under (d)(l) of this
section with a cubic spline curve generation technique. The
resulting curve is the mapping curve and will be used to
convert the normalized torque values in the engine cycles
(see Appendix I) to actual torque values.
(2) Diesel.
(i) Calculate the torque at curb idle using the equa-
tion below. Assume a BMEP of 90 PSI.
T = (BMEP)D 5252
where: BMEP = brake mean effective pressure, psi;
T = engine torque, lb.-ft.;
D = total piston displacement, cubic inches;
x = number of revolutions required for each power
stroke delivered per cylinder - 2 for a
four-stroke cycle engine and 1 for a two-
stroke cycle engine.
(ii) Fit all the torque values recorded under Cd)(2) of
this section with a cubic spline curve generation technique.
-------
-76-
(iii) Draw a straight-line from the maximum torque at
curb idle (as calculated in (e)(2)(i) of this section) to the
maximum torque at minimum speed (as calculated from t;he
cubic spline curve generated in (e)(2)(ii) of this section).
(iv) Draw a straightrline between the maximum torque at
rated speed (curve value) and zero torque at high idle rpm.
(v) The complete mapping curve is shown in figure
N83-9.
The resulting mapping curve is used to convert the
normalized torque values in the engine cycles (see Appendix I)
to actual torque values.
(f) Engine preparation.
(i) Before the cold soak, practice cycle runs may be
performed, but emissions may not be measured. A maximum of 8
hours of practice is allowed.
(ii) After any practice runs turn the engine off and
allow to cold soak at 60° to 80°F for a minimum of 12 hours
and a maximum of 36 hours.
-------
ORQUE
LB.-FT.)
CURB
IDLE
MINIMUM
SPEED
SPEED
(RATED
SPEED)
ENGINE SPEED (RPM)
FIGURE N83-9 — MAPPING CURVE FOR DIESEL
ENGINES
HIGH IDLE
SPEED
CUBIC
SPLINE
CURVE
STRAIGHT-LINE
STRAIGHT-LINE
-------
-78-
§86.1333-83 [Reserved]
-------
§86.1334-83 [Reserved]
-------
-80-
§86.1335-83 [Reserved]
-------
-81-
§86.1336-83 Engine starting and restarting.
(a) Gasoline-fueled engines. This paragraph (b) applies
to gasoline- fueled engines only.
(1) The engine shall be started with a production engine
starting-motor according to the manufacturer's recommended
starring procedures in t;he owner Is manual. The 24 +_ 1 aepond
free idle period shall begin yhep fhe engine starts.
(2) Choke operation I
Enginep equipped w£t;h automatic ch,okes shall b^
operated according tp the manufacturer's operating instruc-
It^qnis in the p^n^r'^ manual, including choke setting and
"kick-down" from cold fast idle.
(ii) Engine^ equipped, with manual chokes shall be
operated according to the manufacturer's operating instruc-
tions in the owner's manual.
(3) The operator may use the choke, throttle, etc. where
necessary to keep the engine running.
(4) If the manufacturer's operating instructions in the
owner's manual dp not specify a warm engine starting prpcedure,
the enginp (au^omatiq- and manual-choke engines) shall be
-------
-82-
smarted by depressing the throttle about half way and cranking
the engine until it starts.
(b) Diesel engines. The engine shall be started with a
production engine starting-motor according to the manufac-
turer's recommended smarting procedures in the owner's manual.
The 24 +_ 1 second free idle period shall begin when the engine
starts.
(c)(l) If the engine does not start after 15 seconds of
cranking, cranking shall cease and the reason for failure to
start shall be determined. The gas flow measuring device (or
revolution counter) on the constant volume sampler (and the
hydrqcarbqn integrator when testing di,espl vehicles f see
§86.1337, Engine dynamometer test run) shal}. be turned off and
the sample selector valves placed in the "standby" position
during this diagnpstic period. In addition, e^her fhe £V£
should be turned off or the ejchaust tube disconnected from the.
tailpipe during the diagnostic period. If failure to start is
an operational error, the engine shall be rescheduled for
testing from a cold start.
(2) Jf a failure to start occurs during the cold portion
of the test and is caused by an engine malfunction, corrective
action of less than 30 minutes duratipn may be taken (accor-
ding to §86.083-25), and the test continued. The sampling
system shall be reactivated at the same time cranking begins.
-------
-83-
When the engine starts, the timing sequence shall begin. If
failure to start is caused by engine malfunction and the
engine cannot be started, the test shall be voided and correc-
tive action may be taken according tp §86.083-25. The reasons
for the malfunction (if determined) and the corrective action
taken shall be reported to the Administrator.
(3) If a failure to start occurs during the hot start
portion of the test and is caused by engine malfunction, the
engine must be started within one minute of key on. The
sampling system shall be reactivated at the same time cranking
begins. When the engine starts, the transient engine cycle
timing sequence shall begin. If the engine cannot be started
within one minute of key on, the test shall be voided, correc-
tive action taken, (according to §86.083-25), and the engine
rescheduled for testing. The reason for the malfunction (if
determined) and the corrective action taken shall be reported
to the Administrator.
(d) If the engine "false starts", the operator shall
repeat the recommended starting procedure (such as resetting
the choke, etc.).
(e) Engine stalling.
(1) If the engine stalls during the initial idle period
-------
-84-
of either the cold or hot start test, the engine shall be
restarted immediately and the test continued. If the engine
cannot be started before the first non-idle record of the
cycle, the test shall be voided.
(2) If the engine stalls anywhere in the cycle, except
the initial idle period, the tept shall b,e voided.
-------
-85-
§86.1337-'83 Engine dynamometer test run.
(a) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
(1) Prepare the engine and dynamometer for the cold start
test.
(2) With the sample selector valves in the "standby*1
position, connect evacuated sample collection bags to the
dilute exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
(3) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps,
the temperature recorder, the engine cooling fan(s) and the
heated hydrocarbon.analysis recorder (diesel only). (The heat;
exchanger of the constant volume sampler, if used, diesel
hydrocarbon analyzer continuous sample line and filter (if
applicable) shall be preheated to their respective operating
temperatures before the test begins.)
(A) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow
rate and set the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
NOTE: CFV-CVS sample flowrate is fixed by the venturi
design.
-------
-se-
es) Attach the CVS flexible exhaust tube to engine
tailpipe(s).
(6) Follow the manufacturer's choke and throttle in-
structions for cold starting. Simultaneously start the engine
and begin exhaust and dilution air sampling. For Diesel
engines, turn on the hydrocarbon analyzer system integrator
and mark the recorder chart.
(7) As soon as it is determined that the engine is
started, start a "free idle" timer.
(8) Allow the engine to idle freely wi£h no-load for 24
+_ 1 seconds.
(9) Begin the transient engine cycles such that the
first non-idle record of the cycle occurs at 25 _+_ 1 seconds.
The free idle time is included in the 25 _+_ 1 seconds.
(10) On the last record of the cycle cease sampling,
immediately turn the engine off, and start a hot soak timer.
(11) Immediately after the engine is turned off, turn off
the engine cooling fan(s) if used, and the CVS blower. A?
soon as possible transfer the "cold start cycle" exhaust and
dilution air samples to the analytical system and process the
-------
-87-
samples according to §83.1340 obtaining a stabilized reading of
the exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the
end of the sample collection phase of the test.
(12) Allow the engine to soak for 20 ^ 1 minutes.
(13) Prepare the engine and dynamometer for the hot start
test.
(14) With the sample selector valves in the "standby"
position, connect evacuated sample collection bags to the
dilute exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
(15) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps,
the temperature recorder, the engine cooling fan and the
heated hydrocarbon analysis recorder (diesel only). (The heat
exchanger of the constant volume sampler, if used, diesel
hydrocarbon analyzer continuous sample line and filter (if
applicable) shall be preheated to their respective operating
temperatures before the test begins.)
(16) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow
rate and set the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
NOTE: CFV-CVS sample flowrate is fixed by the venturi
-------
-88-
design.
(17) Follow the manufcturer1s choke and throttle instruc-
tion for hot starting. Simultaneously start the engine and
begin exhaust and dilution air sampling.
(18) As soon as it is determined that the engine is
started, start a "free idle" timer.
(19) Allow the engine to idle freely with no-load for 24
_+_ 1 seconds.
(20) Begin the transient engine cycle such that the first
non-idle record of the cycle occurs at 25 +_ 1 seconds. The
free idle is included in the 25 +_ 1 seconds.
(21) On the last record of the cycle cease sampling and
turn off the engine.
(22) As soon as possible transfer the "hot start cycle"
exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system and
process the samples according to §86.1340 obtaining a stabil-
ized reading of the exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20
minutes of the end of the sample collection phase of the test.
(23) Disconnect the exhaust tube from the engine tail-
-------
-89-
pipe(s).
(24) The CVS may be turned off, if desired.
-------
-90-
§86.1338-83 [Reserved]
-------
-91-
§86.1339-83 [Reserved]
-------
-92-
§86.1340-83 Exhaust sample analysis.
The following sequence of operations shall be performed
in conjunction with each series of measurements:
(a) Zero the analyzers and obtain a stable zero reading.
Recheck after tests.
(b) Introduce span gases and set instrument gains. In
order to avoid corrections, span and calibrate at the same
flow rates used to analyze the test sample. Span gases should
have concentrations equal to 75 to 100 percent of full scale.
If gain has shifted significantly on the analyzers, check the
calibrations. Show actual concentrations on chart.
(c) Check zeros; repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a)
and (b) of this section if required.
(d) Check flow rates and pressures.
(e) Measure HC, CO, C02 and NOx concentrations of
samples.
(f) For diesel engines, continuously record (integrate
electronically if desired) dilute hydrocarbon emission levels
during test. Background samples are collected in sample bags
-------
-93-
and analyzed as above.
(g) Check zero and span point. If difference is greater
than 2% of full scale, repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a)
through (f).
-------
-94-
§86.1341-83 [Reserved]
-------
-95-
§86.1342-83 Records required.
The following information, as applicable, shall be
recorded for each test:
(a) Engine description and specification. A copy of the
information specified in this paragraph must accompany each
engine sent to the Administrator for compliance testing. The
manufacturer need not record the information specified in this
paragraph for each test if the information, with the exception
of subparagraph (3) is included in the manufacturer's Part I.
(1) Engine-system combination.
(2) Engine identification numbers.
(3) Number of hours of operation accumulated on engine.
(4) Manufacturer's rated maximum horsepower and torque.
(5) Manufacturer's rated maximum horsepower and torque
speeds.
(6) Engine displacement.
(7) Governed speed.
(8) Maximum safe engine speed (ungoverned engines).
-------
-96-
(9) Manufacturer's start-up procedure.
(10) Curb-idle rpm.
(11) Maximum exhaust system back pressure (Diesel engines
only).
(b) Test data; general. This information may be recorded
at any time between 4 hours prior to the test and 4 hours
after the test.
(1) Engine-system combination.
(2) Engine identification number.
(3) Instrument operator(s).
(4) Engine operator(s).
(5) Number of hours of operation accumulated on the
engine prior to beginning the test sequence (Figure N83-8).
(6) Fuel identification, including H/C ratio.
(7) Date of most recent analytical assembly calibration.
-------
-97-
(8) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning,
gain, serial numbers, detector number, calibration curve
numbers, etc. As long as this information is traceable, it
may be summarized by system number or analyzer identification
numbers.
(c) Test data; pre-test.
(1) Date and time of day.
(2) Test number.
(3) Engine intake air temperature.
(4) Barometric pressure.
(5) Engine intake humidity.
(6) Maximum torque curve as determined in §86.1332.
(7) Measured maximum horsepower and torque speeds.
(8) Measured maximum horsepower and torque.
(9) Maximum engine speed.
-------
-98-
(10) Minimum engine speed.
(11) High idle engine speed (diesel engines only).
(12) Calculated torque at curb-idle (diesel engines
only).
(13) Fuel consumption at maximum power and torque (diesel
engines only).
(14) Curb-idle fuel flow rate.
(d) Test data.
(1) Total number of hours of operation accumulated on
the engine prior to starting emission test.
(2) Cold soak time interval.
(3) Recorder charts: Identify zero, span, exhaust gas,
and dilution air sample traces.
(4) Test cell barometric pressure.
NOTE: A central laboratory barometer may be used:
-------
-99-
Provided, That individual test cell barometric pressure are
shown to be within ^0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at
the central barometer location.
(5) Engine intake air temperature and humidity.
(6) Pressure of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air
entering the CVS metering device, the pressure increase
across the device, and the temperature at the inlet. The
temperature maybe recorded continuously or digitally to
determine temperature variations.
(7) The number of revolutions of the positive displace-
ment pump accumulated during each test phase while exhaust
samples are being collected. The number of standard cubic
feet metered by a critical flow venturi during each test phase
would be the equivalent record for a CFV-CVS.
(8) The humidity of the dilution air.
NOTE: If conditioning columns are not used (see §86.1322
and §86.1344) this measurement can be deleted. If the condi-
tioning columns are used and the dilution air is taken from
the test cell, the ambient humidity can be used for this
measurement.
-------
-100-
(9) Temperature set point of the heated sample line and
heated hydrocarbon detector temperature control system (for
diesel engines only).
(10) Integrated brake horsepower-hours for each test
phase.
(11) Record engine torque and engine rpm continuously.
The maximum time interval between recorded data points is one
second.
(12) Total number of hours of operation accumulated on the
engine after completing the test sequence described in Figure
N83-8.
-------
-101-
§86.1343-83 [Reserved]
-------
-102-
§86.1344-83 Calculations;exhaust emissions.
(a) The final reported emission test results shall be
computed by use of the following formula:
l/7(gc) + 6/7(gR)
A =
l/7CBHP-Hrc) + 6/7(BHP-HrR)
Where:
A = Weighted mass emission level (HC, CO, C00. or
wm 2.
NOx) in grams per brake horsepower hour.
g = Mass emission level in grams, measured during
C
the cold start test.
g = Mass emissions level in grams, measured during
the hot start test.
BHP-HR = Total brake horsepower-hour (brake horsepower
C
integrated with respect to time) for the cold
start test.
BHP
'-HR,. = Total brake hors power-hour (brake horsepower
integrated with respect to time) for the hot
start test.
(b) The mass of each pollutant for the cold start test
-------
-103-
and the hot start test is determined from the following
equations:
(1) Hydrocarbon mass:
HCmass = Vmix X Den8ityHC X
NOx - V . X DensityMn X K X (NOx 71,000,000)
mix NO- H cone
(2) Oxides of nitrogen mass:
x - V .
mass mix
(3) Carbon monoxide mass:
CO = V . X Density.,, X (CO /1, 000, 000)
mass mix CO cone
(4) Carbon dioxide mass:.
CO. = V . X Density^ X (CO- /100)
2mass mix C0« 2conc
(c) Meaning of symbols:
(1) HC = Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per test
tnd s s
phase.
3
Density = Density of hydrocarbons is 16.33 g/ft (.5767
3
kg/m ), assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio
of 1:1.85, at 68°F (20°C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)
pressure.
-------
-104-
HC = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute
cone J
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon
equivalent, i.e., equivalent propane X 3.
HCconc = HCe ' HCd[1 ' (1/DF)]
where:
HC = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust
sample or, for diesel, average hydrocarbon concentration
of the dilute exhaust sample as calculated from the
integrated HC traces, in ppm carbon equivalent.
HC = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution air
d
as measured, in ppm carbon equivalent.
(2) NOx - Oxides of nitrogen emissions, in grams per
THclS S
test phase.
DensityNQ2 = Density of oxides of nitrgen is 54.16 g/ft
(1.913 kg/m ), assuming they are in the form of
nitrogen dioxide, at 68°F (20°C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3
kPa) pressure.
NOx = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute
cone
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm.
NOx = NOx - NOx. [1 - (1/DF)]
cone e d
-------
-105-
where:
NOx = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute
exhaust sample as measured, in ppm.
NOx « Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute
d
air as measured, in ppm.
(3) CO = Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams per test
mass ' 6 K
phase*
Density " Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 g/ft
CO
(1.164 kg/m3), at 68°F (20°C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)
pressure.
CO = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute ex-
cone
haust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and CO
extraction, in ppm.
CO - CO - CO. [1 - (1/DF)]
cone e d
where:
CO = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute exhaust
e
sample volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide
extraction, in ppm. The calculation assumes the carbon
to hydrogen ratio of the fuel is 1:1.85.
CO = [1 - 0.01925CO. - 0.000323R]CO
e 2e em
-------
-106-
Where:
CO « Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute ex-
haust sample as measured, in ppm.
CO = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute exhaust
sample, in percent.
R = Relative humidity of the dilution air, in percent
(see §86.1342).
CO, = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution air
corrected for water vapor extraction, in ppm.
C0d = (1 - 0.000323R)COdm
Where:
CO. = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution air
sample as measured, in ppm.
NOTE: If a CO instrument which meets the criteria speci-
fied in §86.1311 is used and the conditioning column has been
deleted, C0em can be substituted directly for C0g and C0dm can
be substituted directly for CO..
(4) ^2mass = Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams per test
phase.
-------
-107-
3
Density « Density of carbon dioxide is 51.85 g/ft
(1.843 kg/m3), at 68°F (20°C) and 760 nnn Hg (101.3 kPa)
pressure.
CO = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute ex-
Zconc
haust sample corrected for background, in percent.
C°2conc = C°2e '
Where:
CO-, = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution air
as measured, in percent.
(5) DF - 13.4[CO, + (HC «• CO ) x 10"4]
2e e e
K = Humidity correction factor.
- 0.0047(H - 75)]
for SI units • 1/[1 - 0.0329(H - 10.71)]
Where:
H = Absolute humidity in grains (grams) of water per
pound (kilogram) of dry air.
H = [(43.478)Rfl x Pdl/[PB - (Pd x Ra/100)]
.for SI units, H = [(6.211)Rfl x Pd]/[PB - (Pd x Ra/100)]
R = Relative humidity of the ambient air, in percent.
-------
-108-
P = Saturated vapor pressure, in mm Hg (kPa) at the am-
d
blent dry bulb temperature.
P - Barometric pressure, in mm Hg (kPa).
B
V . = Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic feet per test
mix r
phase corrected to standard conditions (528°R (293°K) and
760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)).
For PDP-CVS, V . is:
mix
N(P - P )(528 R)
V . = V x - - - - -
mlx ° (760 mm Hg)(T )
P
for SI units,
N(P - P.X293.15 K)
V . = v x - = - - -
mlx ° (101.3 kPa)(T )
P
Where:
V = Volume of gas pumped by the positive displacement
o
pump, in cubic feet (cubic metres) per revolution). This
volume is dependent on the pressure differential across
the positive displacement pump.
N = Number of revolutions of the positive displacement
pump during the test phase while samples are being
collected.
-------
-109-
P = Barometric pressure, in mm Hg (kPa).
B
P = Pressure depressions below atmospheric measured at
the inlet to the positive displacement pump, in mm Hg
(kPa) (during an idle mode).
T = Average temperature of dilute exhaust entering posi-
P
tive displacement pump during test, CR (°K).
(d)
(1)
Sample calculation of mass values of exhaust emissions:
Assume the following test results:
V .
mix
R
R
a
PB
Pd
HC
e
NOx
CO
em
CO
2e
HCd
NOx
CO
dm
C°2d
BHP-HR
Cold Start Cycle
Test Results
6924 ft3
30.2%
30.2%
735 mm Hg
22.676 mm Hg
132.07 ppm C equiv.
7.86 ppm
171.22 ppm
.178%
3.60 ppm C equiv.
0.0 ppm
0.89 ppm
0.0%
0.259
Hot Start Cycle
Test Results
6873 ft3
30.2%
30.2%
735 mm Hg
22.676 mm Hg
86.13 ppm C equiv.
10.98 ppm
114.28 ppm
.381%
8.70 ppm C equiv.
0.10 ppm
0.89 ppm
0.038%
0.347
-------
-110-
Th en:
Cold Start Test
H = [(43.478X30.2)(22.676)]/[735 - (22.676)(30.2)/100]
= 41 grains of water per pound of dry air.
Ku = 1/[1 - 0.0047(41-75)] - 0.862
n
C0g = [1 - 0.01925C.178) - 0.000323(30.2)]171,22
= 169.0 ppm
C0d = [1 - 0.000323(30.2)10.89 = .881 ppm
DF = 13.4/[.178 + (132.1 + 168.9)(10~4) 1 = 64.265
HCconc = 132>1 " 3-611-U/64.265)] • 128.6 ppm
HC = 6924(16.33X128.6/1,000,000) = 14.53 grams
mass ' °
NOx = 7.86 - 0.0[1 - (1/64.265)] = 7.86 ppm
cone
NOx » 6924(54.16)(.862)(7.86/1 ,000,000) = 2.54 grains
mass
CO = 169.0 - .881[1 - (1/64.265)] = 168.0 ppm
cone
CO = 6924(32.97)(168<0/1,000,000) = 38.35 grams
in 3 S S
C02conc = *178 ~
C°
2mass = 6924(51 .85) ( .178/100) = 639 grams
Hot Start Test
Assume similar calculations result in the following:
-------
-111-
HC =8.72 grams
mass
NOx = 3.49 grams
mass
C0mass = 25'70
C°2mass = 1226
(2) Weighted mass emission results:
1/7(14.53) + 6/7(8.72)
HCwm e 1/7(0.259) + 6/7(0.347)
= 28.6 grams/BHP-HR
1/7(2.54) + 6/7(3.49)
N0xwm = 1/7(0.259) + 6/7(0.347)
=10.0 grams/BHP-HR
_ 1/7(38.35) + 6/7(25.70)
C0wm ~ 1/7(0.259) + 6/7(0.347)
=82.2 grams/BHP-HR
1/7(639) + 6/7(1226)
C02wm = 1/7(0.259) + 6/7(0.347)
=3415 grams/ BHP-HR
(e) The final reported brake-specific fuel consumption
(BSFC) shall be computed by use of the following formula:
1/7(MC) + 6/7 OO
BSFC =
1/MBHF-HRC) + 6/7(BHP-HRH)
-------
Where:
-BSFC = brake-specific fuel consumption in pounds of fuel
per brake horsepower-hour (Ibs/BHP-HR)
M = mass of fuel, in pounds, used by the engine
C
during the cold start test.
ne
M = mass of fuel, in pounds, used by the engi
during the hot start test.
BHP-HR «? total brake horsepower-hours (brake horsepower
C
integrated with respect to time) for the cold
start test.
BHP-HR = total brake horsepower-hours (brake horsepower
H
integrated with respect to time) for the hoi;
start test.
(f) The mass of fuel for the cold start and hot start
test is determined from the following: equation:
M = (G /RXl/453.6)
s
(g) Meaning of symbols:
-------
-113-
M = Mass of fuel, in pounds, used by the engine during
the cold or hot start test.
G = Grams of carbon measured during the cold or hot
s
start test.
Gf = [12.011/U2.011 + 0(1.008))]HC
+ °'429C°mass +
where:
HC ___ = Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams for cold
do 5 S
or hot start test.
CO = Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams for cold
nt& s s
or hot start test.
= Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams for cold
or hot start test.
a = The measured hydrogen to carbon ratio of
the fuel.
R = The grams of carbon in the fuel per gram
of fuel
R = 12.011/[12.011 + a(1.008)]
(h) Sample calculation of brake-specific fuel consump-
tion:
-------
-U-4-
(1) Assume the following test results:
Cold Start Cycle Hot Start Cycle
Test Results Test Results
BHP-HR 6.945 7.078
a 1.85 1.85
HCmass 37.08 grams 28.82 grams
CO 357.69 grams 350.33 grams
mass
C°2mass 5419.62 grams 5361.32 grams
Then:
for cold start test =
8 [12.0117(12.011 + (1.85)(1.008))](37.08) + 0.429(357.69)
+ 0.273(5419.62) « 1665.10 grams
G for hot start test =
8 [12.0117(12.011 + (1.85)(1.008))](28.82) + 0.429(350.33)
+ 0.273(5361.32) = 1638.88 grams
R - 12.011/112.Oil + 1.85(1.008)] = .866
M • (1665.10/.866)(l/453.6) = 4.24 Ibs,
c
(1638.88/.866)(l/453.6) «= 4.17 Ibs.
(2) Brake-specific fuel consumption results:
1/7(4.24) + 6/7(4.17)
BSFC = = .592 Ibs.of fuel/BHP-HR
1/7(6.945) + 6/7(7.078)
-------
-115-
APPENDIX XI
Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycles
(Gasoline and Diesel)
-------
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
*RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.78
0.0
4.25
27.47
42.96
45.7^
4R.11
50.42
52.74
54.00
44.4,?
45.05
46.00
37.6^
31.61
22.94
24.00
20. 8b
12. 45
6.00
6.5?
7.17
?.56
0.0
0.0
%POWFR
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.n
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
o.o
0.0
44.40
85*35
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
99.46
90.00
75.23
50.00
8.96
MOTORING
9.99
MOTORING
5.68
35.29
4.87
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC»
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
4.32
8.90
1.9S
3.33
4.00
13.76
26.43
33.85
36.00
34.45
34.00
35.64
32.99
36.00
41.63
60.4]
48.44
43.86
40.39
38.50
35.05
40.66
43.64
45.96
47.10
49.29
37.10
36.00
34.47
32.15
31.67
28. 4R
32.38
36.00
41.69
45.74
49.95
49.10
50.59
45. 99
42.76
35.12
32.06
35.53
46.57
49.7?
52.00
58.06
%POWER
0.0
10.11
46.40
45.17
bO.OO
41.68
U9.46
55.60
26.96
6.16
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
27.39
dO.OO
74.37
26.76
MOTOKING
MOTORING
MOTORING
4.01
JO. 00
i6.70
26.45
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
13.89
VO.OO
90.00
90.00
90.00
80.00
BO. 00
b2.97
34.98
7.23
MOTORING
67.92
62.55
68.60
48.85
60.00
60.00
RECORD
(SEC)
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
%RPM
63.66
64.14
59.58
38.00
39.09
40.00
34.85
32. OJ
34.00
34.00
33.02
25.54
15.57
14.00
14.47
18.00
17.13
16.00
10.02
9.81
5. 86
4.00
4.00
2.93
0.62
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
1.38
0.0
0.0
ftPOWER
23.42
17.84
3.76
42.26
30.00
30.00
47.18
10.33
33.48
50.00
20.69
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
27.64
4.49
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
10.00
10.00
29.02
27.83
7.34
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.27
RECORD
(SEC)
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174*
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
%HPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.83
2.00
0.54
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.23
6.63
17.29
22.17
24.00
24.00
24.00
22.57
22.00
13.86
10.00
9.31
3.99
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
*POWER
2.16
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
22.01
72.29
80.00
89.29
90.00
82.70
31.96
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
'"ENDI" •"';
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-2.52
-4.2
-------
iEND,
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
445.
446.
447.
448.
449.
*RPM
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
2.27
2.«2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.26
16.60
45.32
43.00
40.64
35.12
28.18
28.26
30.00
30.00
30.00
34.54
36.00
36.43
43.84
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
%POWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
n.o
0.0
20.00
14.11
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.78
31.83
29.78
10.00
10.00
10.00
19.70
47.45
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
24.56
20.00
MOTORING
RECORD
(SEC)
450.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
%RPM
37.97
35.30
30.68
27.02
26.00
26.00
20.24
14.00
13.45
9.40
10.72
15.50
19.62
20.25
25.76
35.02
42.14
44.00
45.70
51.99
50.00
51.29
54.96
56.00
62.35
71.61
76.22
78.00
78.00
55.93
38.5?
34.4?
36.11
38.84
42.74
44.00
49.46
52.00
32.05
25.69
24.00
24.00
20.24
10.16
8.00
10.20
13.54
18.00
20.28
22.00
%HOWER
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
18.27
b2.99
81.81
97.48
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
94.65
90.00
90.00
60.00
60.00
63.22
70.00
70.00
38.25
30.00
50.00
SO. 00
41.53
12.58
0.0
71.65
79.47
67.90
bO.OO
54.75
36.35
30.00
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
68.43
80.58
80.99
90.00
94.13
100.00
100.00
RECORD
(SEC)
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
532.
533.
534.
535.
536.
537.
538.
539.
540.
541.
542.
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
%RPM
23.77
28.08
30.00
32.85
32.86
33.37
36.00
51.77
60.57
64.00
64.91
75. 8J
82.00
85.72
86.17
88.49
90.00
91.12
92.00
93.74
89.29
66.00
67.38
80.02
93.95
97.63
94.11
85.66
70.00
69.11
66.80
64.48
53.00
52.73
62.00
62.00
64.18
53.36
46.28
46.00
45.65
45.99
48. OS
44.71
48.82
51.92
47.53
36.31
17.73
29.43
%POWER
91.15
90.00
86.01
80.70
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
95.72
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
51.42
49.14
35.13
15.99
26.74
32.85
30.00
MOTORING
41.87
56.88
54.96
66.34
63.69
60.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
44.98
49.27
40.00
43.88
44.55
4.88
15.79
19.83
10.00
10.00
10.00
3.54
MOTORING
66.82
MOTORING
9.23
55.68
38.22
RECORD
(SEC)
550.
551.
552.
553.
554.
555.
556.
557.
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565.
566.
567.
568.
569.
570.
571.
572.
573.
574.
575.
576.
577.
578.
579.
580.
581.
582.
563.
584.
585.
586.
587.
588.
589.
590.
591.
592.
593.
594.
595.
596.
597.
598.
599.
%RPM
36.00
36.00
34.00
34.00
34.00
38.2*
43.33
50.78
52.00
52.32
52.09
48.00
48.00
48.00
30.94
28.00
28.00
2B.OO
28.00
26.53
26.00
23.71
17. 5=)
11.65
1.92
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2f
6.72
13.67
16.20
18.52
25.83
35.15
38.93
41.78
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
38.30
%POWER
37.46
40.00
40.00
40.00
36.25
24.68
61.38
46.12
19.92
0.0
3.19
10.00
10.00
10.00
19.48
20.00
20.00
15.81
10.00
10.00
10.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.19
47.87
40.56
80.00
80.00
75.83
70.00
77.31
80.00
10.00
20.18
52.78
34.82
30.00
38.33
30.09
100.00
1°
-------
?END|
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
600.
601.
602.
603.
604.
605.
606.
607.
608.
609.
610.
611.
612.
613.
614.
615.
616.
617.
618.
619.
620.
621.
622.
623.
624.
625.
626.
627.
628.
629.
630.
631.
632.
633.
634.
635.
636.
637.
638.
639.
640.
641.
642.
643.
644.
645.
646.
647.
648.
649.
*RP"I
40.61
42.00
42.00
42.00
42.00
42.00
42.50
43.19
43.13
44.00
44. 00
44.00
44.00
44.70
46.00
46.00
46.00
46.00
44.00
44.00
43.09
42.00
42.00
43. 8S
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
48.26
48.00
48.37
49.32
48.00
48.00
48.00
48.00
48.00
48.00
48.00
48.00
49.52
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.78
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.04
%POWER
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
97.50
85.93
85.65
90.00
90.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
74.91
63.34
60.00
60.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
19.26
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
89.73
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
70.28
70.00
70.00
74.44
61.96
50.00
50.00
40.00
44.62
60.00
49.09
40.00
40.00
40.89
RECORD
(SEC)
650.
651.
652.
653.
654.
655.
656.
657.
658.
659.
660.
661.
662.
663.
664.
665.
666.
667.
668.
669.
670.
671.
672.
673.
674.
675.
676.
677.
678.
679.
680.
681.
682.
683.
684.
685.
686.
687.
668.
689.
690.
691.
692.
693.
694.
695.
696.
697.
698.
699.
%RPM
54.00
54.00
54.00
55.29
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.00
54.96
57.28
56.41
57.91
58.22
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.4?
62.74
65.05
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66,00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
68.20
70.00
70.00
70.00
74.38
76.00
95POWER
VO.OO
90.00
85.10
73.53
70.00
70.00
60.00
57.23
50.00
38.17
30.00
30.00
39.36
27.79
20.00
20.00
20.00
11.49
0.08
13.31
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
36.60
90.00
90.00
95.82
92.60
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
83.16
71.59
70.00
70.00
73.14
ao.oo
86.28
90.00
90.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
RECORD
(SEC)
700.
701.
702.
703.
704.
705.
706.
707.
708.
709.
710.
711.
712.
713.
714.
715.
716.
717.
718.
719.
720.
721.
722.
723.
724.
725.
726.
727.
728.
729.
730.
731.
732.
733.
734.
735.
736.
737.
738.
739.
740.
741.
742.
743.
744.
745.
746.
747.
748.
749.
95RPM
72.09
73.60
72.00
72.00
72.00
72.00
72.00
72.29
73.39
72.92
74.00
74.00
77.73
78.00
77.50
76.00
76.00
76.00
72.49
71.79
67.16
72.70
75.02
73.34
73.64
74.00
78.27
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
84.00
85.43
87.62
84.00
84.00
84.00
86.00
86.73
90.00
91.99
94.00
95.63
96.00
100.00
100.57
102.88
104.00
104.00
ftPOWER
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
91.78
31.21
28.63
17.05
5.48
MOTORING
MOTORING
63.93
80.00
82.39
93.96
100.00
100*00
91.32
100.00
100.00
96.59
90.00
90.00
81.87
89.70
98.72
78.60
50.00
73.99
90.00
RECORD
(SEC)
750.
751.
752.
753.
754.
755.
756.
757.
758.
759.
760.
761.
762.
763.
764.
765.
766.
767.
768.
769.
770.
771.
772.
773.
774.
775.
776.
777.
778.
779.
780*
781.
782.
783.
784.
785.
786.
787.
788.
789.
790.
791.
792.
793.
794.
795.
796.
797.
798.
799.
«RPM
104.00
103.71
99.54
96.00
99.09
98.60
103.1?
100.03
102.35
104.00
104.00
101.42
98.39
57.65
58.00
57,45
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
56.00
60.15
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
62.00
61.15
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
62.31
64.00
64.00
64.00
%POWER
25.98
20.00
20.00
20.00
25.44
65.08
80.00
80.00
80.00
73.38
55.11
30.62
11.97
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
27.39
40.00
50.00
45.60
33.77
40.00
5.40
MOTORING
MOTORING
41.64
59.65
75.21
76.36
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
87.38
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
83.17
80.00
69.97
90.00
86.88
80.00
80.00
-------
APPENDIX XI
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
800.
801.
802.
803.
804.
805.
806.
B07.
808.
809.
810.
811.
812.
813.
814.
815.
816.
817.
818.
819.
820.
821.
822.
823.
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
830.
831.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840.
841.
842.
843.
844.
845.
846.
847.
848.
849.
%RPM
64.00
64.00
66.00
66.51
68.00
68.00
68.00
73.31
74.00
74.00
73.29
72.00
73.34
74.00
72.03
71.71
70.00
70.00
68.77
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
69.00
70.00
70.00
70. Ou
70.00
70.00
70.00
73.61
76.00
76.00
76.00
76.92
80. 7M
82.00
83.40
84.00
83.97
82. 3S
85.33
89.95
%POWER
80.00
80.00
70.00
70.00
65.87
60.00
60.00
86.55
90.00
90.00
90.00
84.86
73.29
70.00
70.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
56.15
60.00
60.00
58.28
40.00
48.01
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
61.87
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
62.41
60.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
90.00
90.00
93.31
100.00
RECORD
(SEC)
850.
851.
852.
853.
854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
859.
860.
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
87ft.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
898.
899.
%RPM
88.13
89.21
95.76
100.23
102.00
104.59
112.71
113.01
112.00
104.00
103.56
102.75
102.94
99.24
94.61
93.99
92.32
93.36
92.00
90.73
88.43
84.2]
82.00
82.00
82.00
82.00
68.79
64.00
64.00
58.66
37.27
34.9ft
32.65
30.33
28.02
25.7Q
23.30
21.07
18.7ft
14.89
12.13
5.45
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
SSPOWER
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
10.00
7.38
MOTORING
MOTORING
48.69
70.00
70.00
b7.95
00.00
60.00
73.54
80.00
80.00
50.00
37.76
10.00
10.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
900.
901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
906.
907.
908.
909.
910.
911.
912.
913.
9E4.
915.
916.
917.
918.
919.
920.
921.
922.
923.
924.
925.
926.
927.
928.
929.
930.
931.
932.
933.
934.
935.
936.
937.
938.
939.
940.
941.
942.
943.
944.
945.
946.
947.
948.
949.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.78
0.0
4.25
27.47
42.96
45.79
48.11
50.42
52.74
54.00
44.42
45.05
46.00
37.69
31.61
22.94
24.00
20.86
12. 4b
6.00
6.52
7.17
2.56
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.32
8.90
1.95
%POWER
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.40
85.35
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
99.46
90.00
75.23
50.00
8.96
MOTORING
9.99
MOTORING
5.68
35.29
4.87
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.11
46.40
45.17
50.00
RECORD
(SEC)
950.
951.
952.
953.
954.
955.
956.
957.
958.
959.
960.
961.
962.
963.
964.
965.
966.
967.
968.
969.
970.
971.
972.
973.
974.
975.
976.
977.
978.
979.
980.
981.
982.
983.
984.
985.
986.
987.
988.
989.
990.
991.
992.
993.
994.
995.
996.
997.
998.
999.
%RPM
3.33
4.0Q
13.76
26.43
33.85
36.00
34.45
34.00
35.64
32.99
36.00
41.63
60.41
48.44
43.86
40.39
38.50
35.05
40.66
43.64
4b.96
47.10
49.29
37.10
36.00
34.4-'
32.15
31.67
28.4ft
32. 3?
36.00
41.6Q
45.74
49.95
49.10
50.59
45.99
42.76
35.12
32.06
35.53
46.57
49.77
52.00
58.06
63.66
64.14
59. 5R
38.00
39.09
%POWER
41.68
89.46
55.60
26.96
6.16
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
27.39
80.00
74.37
26.76
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
4.01
30.00
16.70
26.45
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
13.89
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
80.00
80.00
62.97
34.98
7.23
MOTORING
67.92
62.55
68.60
48.85
60.00
60.00
23.42
17.84
3.76
42.26
30.00
-------
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
1000.
1001.
1002.
1003.
1004.
1005.
1006.
1007.
1008.
1009.
1010.
1011.
1012.
1013.
1014.
1015.
1016.
1017.
1018.
1019.
1020.
1021.
1022.
1023.
1024.
1025.
1026.
1027.
1028.
1029.
1030.
1031.
1032.
1033.
1034.
1035.
1036.
1037.
1038.
1039.
1040.
1041.
1042.
1043.
1044.
1045.
1046.
1047.
1048.
1049.
%RPM
40.00
34.85
32. OJ
34.00
34.00
33.02
25.54
15.57
14.00
14.47
18.00
17. U
16.00
10.02
9.81
5.88
4.00
4.00
2.93
0.62
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.'l
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
1.3d
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8*
%POWER
30.00
47.18
10.33
33.48
50.00
20.69
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
27.64
4.49
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
10.00
10.00
29.02
27.83
7.34
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.27
2.16
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
RECORD
(SEC)
1050.
1051.
1052.
1053.
1054.
1055.
1056.
1057.
1058.
1059.
1060.
1061.
1062.
1063.
1064.
1065.
1066.
1067.
1068.
1069.
1070.
1071.
1072.
1073.
1074.
1075.
1076.
1077.
1078.
1079.
1080.
1081.
1082.
1083.
1084.
1085.
1086.
1087.
1088.
1089.
1090.
1091.
1092.
1093.
1094.
1095.
1096.
1097.
1098.
1099.
%RPM
2.00
0.54
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.23
6.63
17.29
22.17
24.00
24.00
24.00
22.57
22.00
13.88
10.00
9.31
3.99
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-2.52
*POWER
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
22.01
72.29
80.00
H9.29
^0.00
82.70
31.96
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.30
RECORD
(SEC)
1100.
1101.
1102.
1103.
1104.
1105.
1106.
1107.
1108.
1109.
1110.
1111.
1112.
1113.
1114.
1115.
1116.
1117.
1118.
1119.
1120.
1121.
1122.
1123.
1124.
1125.
1126.
1127.
1128.
1129.
1130.
1131.
1132.
1133.
1134.
1135.
1136.
1137.
1138.
1139.
1140.
1141.
1142.
1143.
1144.
1145.
1146.
1147.
1148.
1149.
%RPM
-4.22
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.67
15.48
25.46
24.22
23.44
12.41
8.94
7.26
16.70
24.67
0.24
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ftPOWER
15.28
10.00
10.00
10.00
75.93
32.22
35.00
29.82
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
80.00
83.61
84.82
80.00
63.33
79.81
8.52
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 "•
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.59
19.63
10.00
10.00
10.00
3.34
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
1150.
1151.
1152.
1153.
1154.
1155.
1156.
1157.
1158.
1159.
1160.
1161.
1162.
1163.
1164.
1165.
1166.
1167.
%KPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
KPOWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
l>ENDl
Diesel Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORJ
(SEC)
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.11
9.04
15.62
33.49
37.93
31.20
21.99
30.00
22.23
19.61
20.00
18.33
6.55
15.82
23.63
17.51
14.19
16.64
27.77
37. OJ
47.36
54.77
57.70
%POWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.67
47.69
59.41
84.54
80.00
80.00
79.29
38.25
26.67
15.10
16.47
28.05
20.38
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
62.52
69.36
60.00
63.79
75.36
80.00
80.00
RECORD
(SEC)
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
%RPM
54.03
58.00
58.65
62.88
69.81
72.00
75.81
84.22
83.86
80.55
80.51
78.00
79.79
80.33
85.58
81.78
78.00
80.74
92.10
88.01
84.00
84.00
81.17
70.46
66.00
62.23
64.00
63.48
60.34
56.85
56.00
52.45
39.91
36.38
30.00
27.93
26.00
27.6is
28. On
27.41
20.96
12.15
3.81
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
%HOWER
79.92
t>5.03
43.23
bO.OO
50.00
42.05
40.00
42.20
41.28
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
30.54
42>12
50.00
50.00
43.16
73.65
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
13.57
29.43
20.00
17.42
10.00
10.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
16.74
3.36
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.91
7.52
0.0
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.77
1.60
0.0
0.0
2.14
3.08
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ftPOWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
9.28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.51
11.34
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174,
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
166.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
*RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0«0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
»POWEH
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.21
30.00
26.78
20.00
20.00
4.12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.00
20.00
11.73
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
?
-------
Diesel Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
216.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.30
41.1*
44.00
46.41
51.04
66.66
75. OJ
89.85
96. 7d
96.91
94.60
99.16
100.00
100.00
100.00
100. 98
100.71
100.00
96.16
95.77
94. 5S
96.86
99.18
100.00
101.81
86.54
63.56
56.00
46.00
41.86
38.31
35. 9H
31.03
25.36
%POWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
73.41
90.00
81.30
90.00
90.00
90.00
82.41
80.00
90.00
90.00
93.88
50.94
17.02
28.60
39.83
30.00
26.69
20.00
20.00
36.06
40.00
30.00
32.75
35.68
30.00
44.93
50.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
45.18
78.47
80.00
80.00
80.00
RECORD
(SEC)
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
%RPM
23.05
18.20
12.84
10.10
3.79
1.48
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
%POwER
60.97
27.34
43.71
68.95
68.95
44.28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.97
17.16
6.20
10.00
10.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.
*RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.18
23.00
11.56
6.87
6.00
0.72
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ftPOWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0*0
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.55
20.00
19.08
10.00
1.86
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
350.
351.
352.
353.
354,
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
363.
384.
385.
386.
367.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
•1.50
8.88
46.04
76.89
80.00
82.14
85.39
87.70
92.00
92.00
94. 5«
102.88
106.00
109.18
111.91
82.00
79.33
71.15
68.84
78.35
82.00
80.65
ftPOWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.59
87.46
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
94.64
83.07
88.51
79.83
61.66
66.77
60.00
72.76
8.43
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
49.17
70.00
69.46
-------
Diesel Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
445.
446.
447.
448.
449.
*RPM
92.85
97.41
98.95
100.74
103. 61
104.00
80.62
83.37
81.06
80.00
76.86
74.11
71.60
70. 5*
78.00
80.29
60.54
78.23
78.45
84.36
72.16
79.10
90.0*
74.04
68.02
68.53
59.39
63.54
70.00
73.10
72.13
67.27
36.03
20.75
11.49
-2.09
-0.73
8.57
30.55
67.10
86.03
89.33
91.64
97.88
97.73
96.00
96.00
96.00
85.27
87.54
»POWER
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
43.17
10.04
20.00
20.00
15.29
10.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
1.45
17.30
11.13
19.55
24.16
80.00
74.83
16.04
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
2.38
17.76
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
60.00
61.93
63.00
39.85
30.00
30.00
10.40
1.37
10.00
0.96
MOTORING
28.34
30.76
RECORD
(SEC)
450.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
*RPM
86.16
68.00
87.21
86.00
87.42
B8.0Q
77.84
72.00
71.32
70.00
70.00
74.88
74.06
67.74
66.00
64.23
62.00
55.94
54.0Q
66.43
75.21
86.00
86.00
88.81
90.00
105.48
74.00
73.34
71.02
76.46
81.61
78.16
74.13
90.00
90.87
92.00
93.50
94.00
94.13
88.96
63.25
62.00
49.54
52.49
64.00
64.99
71.93
78.87
82.00
86.76
%POwER
29.18
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
11.32
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.04
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
/o.oo
54.53
24.56
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
10.00
29.38
40.00
30.39
26.46
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTOHING
MOTORING
45.37
86.99
40.00
90.00
93.22
95.21
83.64
BO. 00
RECORD
(SEC)
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
516.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
532.
533.
534.
535.
536.
537.
538.
539.
540.
541.
542.
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
»RPM
93.71
94.87
103.60
101.23
95.48
98.00
99.79
106.21
110.84
98.55
70.95
67.27
60.96
48.03
52.31
54.00
65.27
76.00
57.61
42.58
38.61
22.37
3.52
0.0
-1.46
-0.23
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.75
-0.56
4.00
0.68
%POMER
60.00
80.00
60.00
41.89
24.85
50.00
50.00
46.62
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOtORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
36.39
5.75
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
RECORD
(SEC)
550.
551.
552.
553.
554.
555.
556.
557.
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565.
566*
567.
568.
569.
570.
571.
572.
573.
574.
575.
576.
577.
578.
579.
580.
581.
562.
563.
584.
565.
566.
587.
586.
569.
590.
591.
592.
593.
594.
595.
596*
597.
598 «
599.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.85
11.10
16.00
30. OS
42.88
56.10
63.39
70.66
72.98
77.67
88.03
90.00
92.23
94.00
9<».86
96.00
97. 4r;
108.84
110.00
104.77
87.50
90.00
91. 3*
81.84
65.99
63.68
60.73
57. OS
53.47
50.42
44.31
37.5P
33.4s
31.16
28.85
22.13
9.31
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
%POWEK
0.0
0.0
2.60
20.00
20.00
7.96
0.0
0.0
78.53
60.00
63.68
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
66.52
59.94
80.00
86.46
90.00
90.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
83.92
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
37.91
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
MOTORING
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
f
-------
IX
Diesel Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
600.
601.
602.
603.
604.
605.
606.
607.
608.
609.
610.
611.
612.
613.
614.
615.
616.
617.
618.
619.
620.
621.
622.
623.
624.
625.
626.
627.
628.
629.
630.
631.
632.
633.
634.
635.
636.
637.
638.
639.
640.
641.
642.
643.
644.
645.
646.
647.
648.
649.
»RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.b2
10.30
13.89
20.20
24.07
33.33
40.30
47.85
66.00
68.00
67.59
66.00
67.04
68.00
68.00
75. 9J
78.00
78.00
77.07
76.00
76.00
76.00
75.63
73.00
76.81
80.26
83.44
84.00
84.00
83.61
82.00
81.02
86.6?
89. 65
90.00
89. 4S
86.00
86.00
87. 2
-------
Diesel Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
ECORO
(SEC)
BOO.
801.
802.
803.
804.
805.
806.
807.
808.
809.
810.
811.
812.
813.
814.
815.
816.
817.
818.
819.
820.
821.
822.
823.
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
630.
831.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840.
841.
842.
843.
844.
845.
846.
847.
848.
849.
*RPM
82.33
84.00
84.00
84.00
84.00
84.00
82.00
81.47
80.00
77.6*
74.52
77.5*
81.89
80.42
82.00
83.05
84.00
84. 00
84.00
86.00
86.00
86.00
88.51
8«.43
88.00
94.00
94.51
95.17
95.14
94.54
94.00
94.00
94.00
94.00
94.00
94.00
94.00
94.00
94.29
97.80
102.91
104.00
104.00
104.00
106.00
106.00
106.00
104.88
104.00
104.00
»POWER
58.36
50.00
59.58
76.36
80.00
70.49
80.00
82.66
90.00
90.00
75.24
78.96
80.00
80.00
83.68
79.50
70.00
61.60
50.03
60.00
60.00
69.39
73.73
70.00
70.00
70.99
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
80.00
77.89
31.99
43.57
60.28
63.29
76.57
89.86
90.00
87.00
80.00
73.85
62.28
69.29
70.00
62.70
40.00
40.00
32.85
30.00
RECORD
(SEC)
850.
851.
852.
853.
854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
859.
860.
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
898.
899.
*RPM
104.00
103.61
100.62
98.00
96.68
96.00
96.00
96.00
95.43
94.00
94.00
95.52
97.83
98.00
98.00
97.22
96.00
96.00
96.00
95.93
92.00
92.00
92.98
94.00
90.79
88.08
86.23
88.00
87.14
84.8?
82.51
82.00
82.12
83.13
80.00
84.26
86.62
84.31
81.99
79.35
75.36
73.05
70.73
68.42
47.15
35.79
32.95
29.16
16.47
2.13
%POWER
0.30
11.87
13.12
5.01
10.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
5.18
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
6.35
12.98
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
14.89
13.54
42.12
40.40
30.00
32.75
44.32
50.00
50.00
50.00
40.00
35.64
20.00
51.95
66.21
60.00
9.96
1.61
19.56
40.00
8.35
MOTORING
8.95
10.00
7.38
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
RECORD
(SEC)
900.
901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
906.
907.
908.
909.
910.
911.
912.
913.
914.
915.
916.
917.
918.
919.
920.
921.
922.
923.
924.
925.
926*
927.
928.
929.
930.
931.
932.
933.
934.
935.
936.
937.
938.
939.
940.
941.
942.
943.
944.
945.
946.
947.
948.
949.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.11
9.09
15.62
33.49
37.93
31.20
21.99
30.00
22.23
19.61
20.00
18.33
6.55
15.82
23.63
17.51
14.19
16.64
27.77
37.03
47.36
«POWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.67
47.69
59.41
84.54
80.00
80.00
79.29
38.25
26.67
15.10
16.47
28.05
20.38
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
62.52
69.36
60.00
63.79
75.36
RECORD
(SEC)
950.
951.
952.
953.
954.
955.
956.
957.
958.
959.
960.
961.
962.
963.
964.
965.
966.
967.
968.
969.
970.
971.
972.
973.
974.
975.
976.
977.
978.
979.
980.
981.
982.
983.
984.
985.
986.
987.
988.
989.
990.
991.
992.
993.
994.
995.
996.
997.
998.
999.
*RPM
54.77
57.70
54.01
58.00
58.65
62.68
69.83
72.00
75.81
84.22
83.86
80.55
80.51
78.00
79.79
80.33
85.58
81.78
78.00
80.74
92.10
88.01
84.00
84.00
81.17
70. 4f
66.00
62.23
64.00
63. 4F
60.34
56.85
56.00
52.45
39.91
36.39
30.00
27.93
26.00
27.66
26.00
27.41
20.9
-------
IXl
Diesel Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Cycle
RECORD
(SEC)
1000.
1001.
1002.
1003.
1004.—.
1005.
1006.
1007.
1008.
1009.
1010.
1011.
1012.
1013.
1014.
1015.
1016.
1017.
1018.
1019.
1020.
1021.
1022.
1023.
1024.
1025.
1026.
1027.
1028.
1029.
1030.
1031.
1032.
1033.
1034.
1035.
1036.
1037.
1038.
1039.
1040.
1041 .
1042.
1043.
1044.
1045.
1046.
1047.
1048.
1049.
<*RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
o.o
o.o
0.0
1.77
1.60
0.0
0.0
2.14
1.08
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
%PO«ER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
0.0
9.28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.51
RECORD
(SEC)
1050.
1051.
1052.
1053.
1054.
1055.
1056.
1057.
1058.
1059.
1060.
1061.
1062.
1063.
1064.
1065.
1066.
1067.
1068.
1069.
1070.
1071.
1072.
1073.
1074.
1075.
1076.
1077.
1078.
1079.
1080.
1081.
1082.
1083.
1084.
1085.
1086.
1087.
1088.
1089.
1090.
1091.
1092.
1093.
10^4.
1095.
1096.
1097.
1098.
1099.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
%POWER
11.34
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.21
30.00
26.78
20.00
20.00
4.12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.00
20.00
11.73
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 .
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
RECORD
(SEC)
1100.
1101.
1102.
1103.
1104.
1105.
1106.
1107.
1108.
1109.
1110.
1111.
1112.
1113.
1114.
1115.
1116.
1117.
1118.
1119.
1120.
1121.
1122.
1123.
1124.
1125.
1126.
1127.
1128.
1129.
1130.
1131.
1132.
1133.
1134.
1135.
1136.
1137.
1138.
1139.
1140.
1141.
1142.
1143.
1144.
1145.
1146.
1147.
1148.
1149.
%RPM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.30
41.15
44.00
46.41
51.04
66.66
75.03
89.85
96.78
96.91
94.60
99.16
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.98
100.71
100.00
96.16
95.77
94.55
96.86
99.18
100.00
101.81
86.54
63.56
56.00
46.00
41.86
36.31
35.98
ftPOWER
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
73.41
90.00
81.30
90.00
90.00
90.00-
82.41
80.00
90.00
90.00
93.88
50.94
17.02
28.60
39.83
30.00
26.69
20.00
20.00
36.06
40.00
30.00
32.75
35.68
30.00
44.93
50.00
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
MOTORING
45.18
78.47
80.00
RECORD
(SEC)
1150.
1151.
1152.
1153.
1154.
1155.
1156.
1157.
1158.
1159.
1160.
1161.
1162.
1163.
1164.
1165.
1166.
1167.
1168.
1169.
1170.
1171.
1172.
1173.
1174.
1175.
1176.
1177.
1178.
1179.
1180.
1181.
1182.
1183.
1184.
1185.
1186.
1187.
1188.
1189.
1190.
1191.
1192.
1193.
1194.
1195.
1196.
1197.
1198.
1199.
»RPM
31. 0>
£5.36
23.0"=;
18.20
12.84
10.10
J.79
1.41
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
fePOWEK
80.00
60.00
60.97
27.34
43.71
68.95
68.95
44.28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.97
17.16
6.20
10.00
10.00
0.0 i
w • v ,_,
o.o £
o.o V
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
• V
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
V • V
0.0
------- |