JACKFAU-92-444-1
Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and
Attrition Study: Identification and
Evaluation of Available Data Sources
Final Report
February 1993
Submitted to:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
Prepared by:
Jack Faucctt Associates
(Under Subcontract to Sierra Research Fnc.)
JACK FAUCETT ASSOCIATES
455O MONTGOMERY AVENUE • SUITE 3OO NORTH
BETHESDA. MARYLAND 2OO 1 .1
(3O.1) 961-88OO
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
DISCLAIMER
Although the information described in this report has been funded wholly by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency under Contract Number 68-C1-C079 to Sierra Research, it
has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and is being released
for information purposes only. It may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no
official endorsement should be inferred.
EPA/OAR i Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION Page
DISCLAIMER i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
1: INTRODUCTION 1-1
2: INDUSTRY DATA . .'. 2-1
2.1 OVERVIEW . 2-1
2.2 OUTDOOR POWER EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE (OPEI) 2-2
2.3 PORTABLE POWER EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION (PPEMA) 2-18
2.4 INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ASSOCIATION (ITA) 2-23
2.5 INTERNATIONAL SNOWMOBILE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
(ISIA) 2-28
2.6 MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRY COUNCIL (MIC) 2-33
2.7 EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE (EMI) 2-38
2.8 OTHER INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 2-42
3: SOURCES OF DATA OTHER THAN INDUSTRY 3-1
3.1 OVERVIEW 3-1
3.2 CONSULTANTS' REPORTS TO GOVERNMENT 3-1
3.3 MACKAY & COMPANY DATA (CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
MAGAZINE) 3-13
3.4 FIELD SOURCES 3-17
3.5 CENSUS DATA 3-22
4: POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 4-1
4.1 OVERVIEW 4-1
4.2 ENGINE AND EQUIPMENT SALES ESTIMATES 4-3
4.3 EQUIPMENT/ENGINE SCRAPPAGE 4-12
4.4 ENGINE REBUILD/REPLACEMENT RATES 4-28
4.5 METHODOLOGY FOR GEOGRAPHIC ALLOCATION 4-29
4.6 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4-30
EPA/OAR ii Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1
February 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS - (Continued)
Chapters
5: FUTURE WORK: DATA SELECTION AND METHODOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT 5-1
5.1 OVERVIEW 5-1
5.2 NATIONWIDE STATE-LEVEL PbPULATIONS 5-2
5.3 ENGINE/EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION MATRICES 5-3
5.4 ANNUAL ENGINE/EQUIPMENT SALES MATRICES ...... 5-3
5.5 ENGINE SURVIVAL MATRICES (HISTORICAL) 5-4
5.6 ENGINE REBUILD/REPLACEMENT RATE MATRICES
(HISTORICAL) .' 5-5
5.7 EQUIPMENT USAGE RATE MATRICES 5-5
5.8 TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION MATRICES 5-6
APPENDIX A: SNOWMOBILE REGISTRATION DATA 1977-1992 A-l
APPENDIX B: MIC STATE POPULATION, ANNUAL USAGE,
SEASONAL USAGE ESTIMATES B-l
APPENDIX C: SURVEY METHODOLOGY FOR THE 1987 CENSUS OF
AGRICULTURE C-l
APPENDIX D: 1990 CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS FOR:
CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY, FARM MACHINERY,
LAWN & GARDEN EQUIPMENT, PUMPS AND
COMPRESSORS, AND MOTORS AND GENERATORS
APPENDIX E: LISTING OF EQUIPMENT TYPES
INCLUDED IN ENGINDATA
D-l
E-l
EPA/OAR
Hi Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page
2-1 PEI ANNUAL SHIPMENTS FOR SELECTED
EQUIPMENT 2-5
2-2 WALK-BEHIND ROTARY POWERED MOWERS PERCENTAGE
OF ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY HORSEPOWER RANGE 2-9
2-3 FRONT ENGINE GARDEN TRACTORS PERCENTAGE OF
ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY HORSEPOWER RANGE 2-10
2-4 REAR ENGINE RIDING MOWER PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL
UNITS SHIPPED BY HORSEPOWER RANGE 2-11
2-5 RIDING GARDEN TRACTORS PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL
UNITS SHIPPED BY HORSEPOWER RANGE 2-12
2-6 WALK-BEHIND ROTARY TILLERS PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL
UNITS SHIPPED BY HORSEPOWER RANGE 2-13
2-7 PERCENT OF SALES BY OPEI REGION FOR SELECTED
EQUIPMENT 2-14
2-8 ESTIMATED PRODUCT LIFE SPAN FOR SELECTED
EQUIPMENT 2-16
2-9 PPEMA's SHIPMENT ESTIMATES OF SELECTED 2-STROKE
GASOLINE EQUIPMENT 2-19
2-10 ITA'S DECEMBER FORM 2 DATA ORDERS 2-25
2-11 ITA ANNUAL SHIPMENT ESTIMATES BY LIFT CAPACITY/ENGINE
HORSEPOWER (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES) . 2-27
EPA/OAR iv Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition SiuJy:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
LIST OF TABLES - (Continued)
Tables Page
2-12 ESTIMATED NEW RETAIL SALES OF OFF-HIGHWAY
MOTORCYCLES AND ATV'S 2-35
2-13 FARM WHEEL TRACTOR RETAIL SALES BY STATE,
1985-1989 i 2-40
2-14 EXAMPLE OF EMI'S PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PERIODIC
SALES REPORT 2-41
3-1 CALIFORNIA HEAVY CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT SURVIVAL
AND USE RATES BY VINTAGE 3-6
3-2 U.S. SALES OF SELECTED GASOLINE POWERED ENGINES
(LESS THAN 25 HP) 3-8
3-3 RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL ATTRITION FACTORS FOR
SELECTED LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT 3-10
3-4 2-STROKE VS 4-STROKE SALE SPLITS, HORSEPOWER,
LOAD FACTOR, AND USAGE DATA FOR LAWN AND
GARDEN EQUIPMENT 3-12
3-5 EQUIPMENT TYPES INCLUDED IN MACKAY AND COMPANY'S
STUDIES 3-16
4-1 ENGINDATA GASOLINE SALES
(0 to 1000 HP) 4-7
4-2 ENGINDATA DIESEL SALES
(0 to 1000 HP) 4-8
4-3 COMPARISONS BETWEEN PSR'S SALES DATA AND OPEI,
PPEMA SHIPMENT STATISTICS 4-9
EPA/OAR v Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study.
Identification and Evaluation »/
Available Data Sources — Final Rc'puri
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
LIST OF TABLES - (Continued)
Tables Page
4-4 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND
USAGE DATA DEVELOPED BY EEA 4-22
4-5 EQUIPMENT ATTRITION AND USAGE DATA DERIVED FROM
PSR'S SCRAPPAGE CURVE 4-24
4-6 CALCULATION OF HYPOTHETICAL FLEET-AVERAGE
NOx EMISSION RATES 4-27
EPA/OAR vi Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Page
2-1 VINTAGE ATTRITION RATES FOR ATV'S AND OFF-HIGHWAY
MOTORCYCLES 2-36
4-1 PSR'S ATTRITION CURVE USED TO ESTIMATE VINTAGE
SPECIFIC ATTRITION RATES 4-18
4-2 USAGE VS. AGE
EEA AND PSR METHODOLOGIES 4-25
EPA/OAR vii Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Stiuly
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
SECTION 1;
INTRODUCTION
Section 213 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, requires that the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) determine the contribution of nonroad engines to the nonattainment of Federal
standards for ambient ozone and CO concentrations. In an effort to assess this contribution,
EPA conducted its Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (NEVES) which estimated
emissions from 79 types of nonroad equipment for 24 metropolitan areas designated as
nonattainment for ozone and/or CO by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS).
Results from NEVES are likely to lead to EPA's determination that emissions from nonroad
sources are significant. Such a determination would presumably result in emission regulations
for at least some categories of nonroad engines. In fact, EPA is currently in the process of
developing emission standards for nonroad diesel engines over 50 horsepower. For other types
of nonroad engines, EPA is gathering information needed for emission control strategies.
Emission inventories for a given nonattainment area may be determined by the population of
nonroad equipment in the area, the typical load factor at which an equipment's engine is
operated, the average annual hours of use of the engine, the engine's rated horsepower, and the
emission factor attributable to the engine. The product of annual hours of use, .the average
rated horsepower, and the load factor is referred to by EPA as the per-source usage rate. The
product of the engine population and the per-source usage rate is referred to as the activity
level. Each element is often referred to as an emission parameter.
EPA/OAR 1-1 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
In estimating the emission parameters described above, EPA's NEVES incorporated data and
methodologies developed by EPA, EPA contractors, industry associations, and other parties.
However, to support possible control strategies, models estimating historical and future in-use
emissions from nonroad engines are needed. Although the NEVES provided an estimate of
current year emissions from nonroad equipment and engines, it did not provide a methodology
whereby emission inventories could be forecasted, nor did it investigate methods to estimate
emission reductions from proposed regulations. Crucial to this latter feature is an
understanding of the equipment fleet make-up, including both historical sales and equipment
attrition rates.
This report identifies and evaluates data sources maintained by manufacturers, industry
associations, consultants, and U.S. and State government agencies describing historical
engine/equipment sales, equipment attrition rates (or scrappage), engine rebuild/replacement
rates, equipment populations and usage, and other relevant parameters necessary to support an
emission inventory forecasting model for nonroad mobile sources. The study focuses on each
of the 79 equipment types covered in EPA's NEVES with the exception of engines/equipment
used in the Recreational Marine category.
Uncertainty regarding the true emission inventories from nonroad engines is largely fueled by
the fact that data on equipment populations and use rates are difficult to obtain because
industry is reluctant to publicly reveal historical sales figures or field data on use and
scrappage. To the extent that such data is available, Section 2 of this report presents and
evaluates industry data on equipment/engine sales, scrappage, and usage. Most of the data
evaluated in Section 2 was provided by industry associations during the development of EPA's
NEVES.
EPA/OAR 1-2 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
Section 3 evaluates sales, scrappage, and usage data used by consultants and government in
their efforts to estimate emissions from nonroad engines. Consultant reports to ARB and the
MacKay & Company studies conducted for Construction Equipment Magazine are reviewed,
as well as data on engine rebuild/replacement and equipment scrappage rates that are available
from "field" contacts, such as equipment rental companies, equipment distributors, service
retailers, parts suppliers, and local government, agencies (e.g., county park and recreation
departments). Finally, Section 3 discusses shipment records for nonroad equipment available
from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Information available from
the Current Industrial Reports for Construction Machinery, Farm Machinery and Lawn and
Garden Equipment, and Pumps and Compressors are reviewed and evaluated.
Section 4 presents a comprehensive review of methodologies developed and maintained by
Power Systems Research (PSR) to estimate equipment sales, scrappage, and populations.
PSR's data on equipment populations and usage was employed in the development of EPA's
NEVES and, thus, have been vigorously scrutinized by industry. Section 4 reviews and
evaluates PSR's Engindata and Aftermarket databases and the methodologies that PSR
employs to derive engine/equipment sales and attrition rates. PSR's methodology to distribute
equipment populations to the State and county levels is also analyzed.
Section 5 provides a discussion of further research that is necessary for the development of
data matrices to be used as inputs into an emissions forecasting model.
EPA/OAR 1-3 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faitcett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
SECTION 2;
INDUSTRY DATA
2.1 OVERVIEW
Useful information on sales, scrappage, usage, rebuild/replacement rates, and other relevant
parameters have been difficult to obtain from industry associations and engine or equipment
manufacturers. To the extent that such data is available, they are often only so at aggregate
levels which lessen their value in an emissions analysis. For example, sales by equipment type
are usually not broken down by engine/fuel type, horsepower ranges, 2-stroke versus 4-stroke
splits, or other levels of disaggregation necessary for the development of a representative in-use
emission inventory. Likewise, scrappage estimates are often presented as the number of years
of expected useful life for a particular type of equipment, rather than as vintage specific
attrition rates which more accurately describe scrappage of in-use fleets. Comprehensive
information on engine rebuild/replacement rates are simply not available from industry
associations and equipment/engine manufacturers. It appears that industry members do not
collect detailed follow-up information on equipment or engines after they have been placed in
service.
Nevertheless, publicly available industry data is useful as validation data, or reality checks, for
estimates that have been developed through various methodologies.. In addition, industry
records on shipments and scrappage can be disaggregated to levels necessary for emission
inventory development using, for instance, estimates on 2-stroke versus 4-stroke splits or
engine/fuel type splits that are available from other sources.
EPA/OAR 2-1 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
This section presents and evaluates the usefulness of data that have been presented by industry
associations and equipment/engine manufacturers. Information provided by the Outdoor Power
Equipment Institute (OPEI), Portable Power Equipment Manufacturers Association (PPEMA),
Equipment Manufacturers Institute (EMI), Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC), Industrial Truck
Association (ITA), and the International Snowmobile Industry Association (ISIA) is reviewed.
The Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) has not submitted any relevant data, and
directed requests to EMI. Similarly, manufacturers have not been forthcoming in providing
sales or scrappage data, even anecdotally, and have directed requests to their representative
associations.
2.2 OUTDOOR POWER EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE (OPEI)
OPEI is a national trade association which represents manufacturers of powered lawn and
garden equipment, component and attachment suppliers, as well as industry related allied
services. Member products include walk-behind lawnmowers, rear engine riding mowers, lawn
and garden tractors, walk-behind tillers, walk-behind snow throwers, commercial turf care
equipment, shredders and grinders, lawn vacuums, flexible line trimmers, leaf blowers, log
splitters, power rakes, thatchers, lawn edgers and trimmers, engines, and equipment components
and attachments.
Data available from OPEI include historical product shipments, national and regional usage
data, and estimates of equipment life spans. During the course of EPA's NEVES, OPEI
presented EPA and its contractor, EEA, with their estimates of national shipments, annual
usage (often differentiated by commercial and residential applications), and estimates of
product life. To arrive at estimates of annual hours of use and product life span, OPEI
surveyed approximately 30 members of OPEI's Technical Committee which is comprised of
EPA/OAR 2-2 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Rcpon
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
technical representatives from member companies. Although details of the survey
questionnaire were not available from OPEI, conversations with OPEI's technical staff provided
some insight about the process that was employed to derive estimates of annual hours of use,
product life spans, and residential/commercial splits.
• Residential vs. Commercial: OPEI's questionnaire asked technical members
to provide sales splits (percentages), annual hours of use, and life span estimates
separately for residential and commercial end users. OPEI defines commercial
users as those users that are hired lawn maintenance professionals.
• Annual Hours of Use: Annual hours of use estimates were provided by
members of the Technical Committee at the regional level (Le., at the
nonattainment level). OPEI then calculated a straight average of these regional
usage estimates to derive national numbers.
• Product Life Spans: National product life span estimates were compiled by
OPEI from the responses to the questionnaire. OPEI then subjectively weighted
. each response by sales volume and product quality (e.g., mass merchandiser
brand, premium brand, etc.) to derive a weighted average estimate of average
life for products used in residential and commercial applications. Details of the
weighting scheme were not available from OPEI.
OPEI was unable to locate a copy of the questionnaire that was distributed to the members of
the Technical Committee. Likewise, a list of the manufacturers and their technical
representatives was not available from OPEI. As a result, a detailed evaluation of the methods
used by the manufacturers to estimate usage and product life spans was not possible. However,
EPA/OAR . 2-3 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources - Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
OPEI stated that estimates most likely reflect a manufacturer's "best guess". If so, high levels
of uncertainty may be inherent in the usage and product life span estimates generated from
responses to a survey that is not founded on scientific sampling techniques.
In contrast, shipment data were derived from OPEI's Shipment Program which calls on
detailed shipment records provided by member companies for various types of lawn and garden
equipment. Historical shipment estimates were recently provided to JFA that go as far back
as 1946, as well as data, previously not submitted to EPA or EEA, on power source splits and
historical horsepower distributions. OPEI's shipment estimates reflect actual shipments and
thus are likely representative of the market for these products.
Table 2-1 presents OPEI's historical national shipment records for walk-behind power mowers,
front engine lawn tractors/riding mowers, rear-engine lawn tractors/riding mowers, riding
garden tractors, rotary tillers, snow throwers, walk-behind fixed blade edgers/trimmers,
commercial walk-behind rotary turf mowers, and commercial riding rotary turf mowers.'
Shipment data for shredders and grinders, lawn vacuums, flexible line trimmers, leaf blowers,
log splitters, power rakes, matchers, and lawn edgers and trimmers are compiled by OPEI and
maintained in their Shipment Program, but are not released to the public for the following
reasons:
• These products are often produced by manufacturers that are not members of
OPEI implying that OPEI's shipment statistics for these equipment types may
not represent the entire market for these products; and
'These model year, as opposed to calendar year, figures include estimates of non-member companies and
pre-1987 exports. Post 1987 estimates only include domestic shipments.
EPA/OAR 2-4 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Stud\-
Identification and Evaluation <>t
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Table 2-1
OPEI Annual Shipments for Selected Equipment
Model
Year
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
I 1969
^1968
Bl967
W 1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
. 1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
Walk Behind
Lawnmowers
5,350,000
5,700,000
5,300,000
5,600,000
5,900,000
5,400,000
5,193,000
4,950,000
4,400.000
4,600,000
4,600,000
5,700,000
5,900,000
5.400,000
5,000,000
4,900,000
4,700,000
6.000,000
6,400,000
5,200,000
4,800,000
4,900,000
5,300,000
4,900,000
4,680,000
4,360,000
4,130,000
4,100,000
3,900,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,800,000
4,200,000
3,841,000
3,266,000
3,200,000
2,750,000
1 ,802,000
1,275,000
1,155,000
1,241,000
1,080,000
529,000
397,000
362,000
139,018
Front Engine
Rid ing. Mowers
840,000
885,000
793,000
812,000
800,000
623,000
548,000
502,000
415,000
393,000
370.000
494,000
515,000
477,000
403,800
403,800
374,539
596,922
538.400
397,948
368,687
394,729
409,652
351,130
321,870
292,609
234,087
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rear Engine
Riding Mowers
209,000
247,000
260,000
375,000
375,000
322,000
355,000
354,000
276,000
261.000
250,000
314,000
343,000
272,900
266,200
266,200
246,910
393,513
354,933
262,342
243,052
260,220
270,058
231,478
212,188
192,899
154,319
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Riding Garden
Tractors
128,000
156,000
139,000
170,000
150,000
149,000
147,000
152.000
129,000
146,000
1 51 ,000
220,000
254,000
219,000
215.000
210,000
230,000
325,000
250,000
245,500
275,500
275,500
300,000
325,000
280,000
250,000
175,000
125,000
100,000
90,000
67,124
43,486
27,047
12,643 -
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rotary
Tillers
296,000
300,000
305,000
285,000
272.000
31 1 ,000
362,000
399,000
408.000
497,000
501 ,000
667,000
571 ,300
571 ,000
633,000
780,000
1 ,200,000
845,000
575,000
450,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
325,000
340,000
400,000
306,090
317,264
277,048
315,406
251,778
173,348
129,796
N/A
N/A
75,082
67,922
41,498
26,098
17,211
1 1 ,006
15,176
31,051
N/A
Snow;
Throwers
285.000
355.000
543,000
532,000
526,000
482,000
421 ,000
348,000
264,000
95,000
344,700
1 ,577,000
1,118,000
416,000
267,950
165,434
156,800
227,253
300,000
315,000
265,000
245,000
265,000
255,000
1 85,000
185,000
165,000
160,000
200,000
175,000
75,000
40,000
20,000
18,000
12,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Walk Behind
Edgers/Trimmers
133,000
166,000
1 67,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Walk: Behind
Turf Mowers
93,000
98,000
76,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Riding
Turf Mowers
20,000
23,000
20,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
«
'
1) The model year is September 1 through August 31 for all products listed except snow throwers. The snow thrower model year
begins in March and ends in February.
2) For 1976-1965, indepedent estimates were not available for front and rear engine riding mowers. Shipments were aggregated into
£wn tractors/riding mowers. The figures shown for pre-1977 are based on 1977 splits. Front engine mowers were taken as 58% of the total,
jle rear engine mowers were 38.5% of the total.
2-5
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
Some of these products are produced by only a few firms (often one or two) so
that disclosing shipment records may compromise the market positions of certain
manufacturers.
For the purpose of an emissions analysis, however, shipment data for leaf blowers and
trimmers and edgers are available from the Portable Power Equipment Manufacturers
Association (PPEMA) and are reviewed later in Section 2.
It should be noted that the product shipments shown in Table 2-1 are not synonymous with
product sales. The latter more closely reflects the actual number of units placed in service,
while the former accounts for units not yet sold that sit in inventory. Estimates are not
available from OPEI of inventories maintained at different levels of the distribution system.
Furthermore, OP El's estimates, as shown in Table 2-1, have limited use in the development
of an emissions forecasting model or in an investigation of emission reductions from proposed
regulations. Such a model requires a disaggregated profile of equipment sales that accounts
for the distribution of sales by horsepower, engine cycle, and fuel type. In an effort to meet
these requirements, OPEI provided the following power base shipment distributions for selected
equipment:
EPA/OAR 2-6 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1
February 1993
DISTRIBUTION OF SHIPMENTS BY POWER BASE
Walk-Behind Lawnmowers
Snowblowers
Riding Mowers
Lawn Tractors
Garden Tractors
String Trimmers
Gasoline
96%
84%
97%
96%
84%
56%
Diesel
0%
16%
3%
4%
16%
0%
Electric
4%
0%
0%
0%
0%
44%
Similar distributions for rotary tillers or the other types of lawn and garden equipment covered
by OPEI are not available from OPEL
Although these data provide useful information, the distributions by power base have surely
changed from one model year to the other. As a result, a static representation, as shown above,
does not account for likely trends in consumers' preferences between the available power
sources. Historical shipment records by power base would better serve the characterization of
the in-use fleets of lawn and garden equipment, but these are only available from OPEI for
riding mowers, lawn tractors, and garden tractors (back to 1978). However, generating such
statistics is resource intensive since OPEI's Shipment Program is actually maintained by a
contractor to OPEI (Association Research, Inc.). Consequently, additional data on historical
sales distributions for these equipment types by fuel type were not provided for this study, but
will be provided once EPA begins the development of data matrices necessary for an emissions
model.
EPA/OAR
2-7 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
OPEI was less forthcoming in providing data on 2-stroke versus 4-stroke model year shipment
splits. Estimates were submitted only for consumer walk-behind lawnmowers. OPEI estimates
that 90 percent of walk-behind lawnmowers designed for consumer applications are actually
sold to residential users. Of these, 95 percent employ 4-stroke gasoline engines and 5 percent
2-stroke gasoline engines. According to OPEI, the remaining 10 percent of consumer walk-
behind lawnmowers are sold to commercial consumers (e.g., landscaping firms), of which 85
percent use 4-stroke gasoline engines and 15 percent use 2-stroke gasoline engines. Similar
splits for other types of lawn and garden equipment would be extremely helpful but are not
available from OPEI.
OPEI's estimates on the percentage of annual units shipped by horsepower range for various
equipment are presented in Tables 2-2 through 2-6. For each equipment type shown in these
tables, a significant sales shift has taken place toward more powerful engines. For example,
the percent of lawnmowers sold under 3.9 horsepower has declined from 74 percent in 1986
to 59 percent in 1991, while those sold over 5 horsepower have increased from 1 percent to
24 percent over the same period. According to OPEI, these shifts are not the result of any
definitional changes in how manufacturers report horsepower and thus reflect actual trends
toward more powerful engines. In order to consider the potential for emission control and the
technology required to meet emission standards, similar trends for other engine specifications,
such as the penetration of overhead valves, are necessary. Shipment distributions by
technology are not maintained nor are they compiled by OPEI, however.
One objective of developing an emission forecasting model is to help States to determine the
contribution of nonroad engines to local emission inventories and to help them assess the
effectiveness of control programs. As a result, State level sales, scrappage, and usage data are
needed. Regional shipment distributions were provided by OPEI for sixteen regions, each
EPA/OAR 2-8 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Table 2-2
WALK-BEHIND ROTARY POWERED MOWERS
PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY
HORSEPOWER RANGE
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
3.9 m &
MftM .
74%
71%
71%
69%
61%
59%
4.0 - 4.9
HP
25%
28%
27%
25%
22%
17%
5.0 HP &
OVER
1%
1%
2%
6%
17%
24%
Source: OPEI
-------
Table 2-3
FRONT ENGINE GARDEN TRACTORS
PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY
HORSEPOWER RANGE
YEAR
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
9.99 HP &
UNDER
13%
13%
8%
4%
5%
5%
4%
2%
2%
1%
1%
10.00 -
13.9 HP
84%
80%
86%
86%
81%
82%
82%
83%
82%
79%
74%
14.0 HP &
OVER
3%
7%
6%
10%
14%
13%
14%
15%
15%
20%
24%
Source: OPEI
-------
Table 2-4
REAR ENGINE RIDING MOWER
PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY
HORSEPOWER RANGE
YEAR
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
7.99 HP &
UNDER
30%
26%
21%
14%
11%
10%
10%
9%
9%
7%
4%
3%
8.00 - 9.99
HP
54%
55%
57%
58%
60%
53%
56%
55%
53%
40%
34%
21%
10.0 HP &
OVER
16%
19%
22%
28%
29%
37%
34%
36%
38%
53%
62%
76%
Source: OPEI
-------
Table 2-5
RIDING GARDEN TRACTORS
PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY HORSEPOWER RANGE
YEAR
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
13.9 HP &
UNDER
25%
23%
23%
18%
15%
18%
20%
17%
9%
11%
9%
5%
14.0-
15.9 HP
14%
10%
12%
11%
8%
9%
9%
8%
11%
8%%
8%
7%
16.0-
17.9 HP
50%
49%
50%
33%
29%
24%
20%
10%
17%
16%
14%
14%
18.0-
19.9 HP
34%'
44%
47%
60%
54%
54%
58%
64%
20.0 HP
&OVER
1-4%
1- 4%
1- 4%
1- 5%
h 9%
1- 11%
H 11%
t- 9%
18.0 HP
&OVER
11%
18%
15%
38%
48%
49%
51%
65%
63%
65%
69%
73%
Source: OPEI
-------
Table 2-6
WALK-BEHIND ROTARY TILLERS
PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL UNITS SHIPPED BY
HORSEPOWER RANGE
YEAR
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
6.0 HP &
TENDER
83%
87%
82%
83%
82%
86%
88%
88%
88%
87%
91%
91%
TL OO HTP jfc
T rKiirvi? .ij
tUJIJL/Jl/IV
17%
17%
17%
15%
19%
18%
19%%
13%
14%
4.0 - 6.0
HP
+ 66%
+ 70%
+ 65%
+ 68%
+ 69%
+ 70%
+ 68%
+ 78%
+ 77%%
OVER
6.00 HP
17%
13%
18%
17%
18%
14%
12%
12%
12%
13%
9%
9%
Source: OPEI
-------
Table 2-7
PERCENT OF SALES BY OPEI REGION FOR SELECTED EQUIPMENT
REGION
ME,NV,VT
MA,RI,CT
NY,NJ,PA
OH,MI
IL,WI,IN
MN,AND,SD
MO,NE,KA
DE,MD,DC,WV
NC,SC,GA,FL
KT,KE
AL,MS
AR,LA
OK,TX
MT,ID,WY,CO
NW,AZ,UT,NV
CA,WA,OR
WALK-BEfflND
MOWERS
1.5
3.6
12.7
10.7
9.9
2.2
5.8
7.2
12.4
4.5
3.9
3.2
8.5
1.9
2.0
10.1
RIDING
MOWERS
1.5
3.6
11.5
7.7
8.3
3.0
4.7
4.9
21.5
8.3
6.2
5.7
7.7
.9
.4
4.3
LAWN
TRACTORS
2.2
3.4
16.3
9.2
8.6
3.4
5.3
6.5
14.4
6.5%
5.4
5.4
7.6
1.1
.6
4.0
GARDEN
TRACTORS
1.4
2.5
13.1
12.4
11.7
" 2.8
6.7
7.8
15.3
5.7
4.6
3.6
60.
.4
1.1
5.0
WALK-BEHIND
TILLERS
2.2
2.4
7.8
5.8
9.7
1.5
8.6
8.0
12.1
5.8
5.2
7.1
7.8
3.2
4.1
8.8
Source: OPEI
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
comprising two, three, or four States. Table 2-7 shows these 1990 model year distributions for
the five equipment types that were available. Similar historical distributions would be
extremely useful for the development of an emissions model. Moreover, State rather than
regional data are needed, although regional shipment data may still be useful as a starting point
for developing a fleet mix model. OPEI, however, does not maintain State specific data of any
kind, other than that shown in Table 2-7. Furthermore, distributions like those exhibited in
Table 2-7 are not available for any other model years.
Information on scrappage, or attrition rates, from OPEI is limited to that generated from the
Technical Committee survey. Estimated product life spans were submitted by OPEI during
the development of EPA's NEVES and are shown in Table 2-8. These estimates, however, do
not accurately describe the rate of attrition across in-use fleets. Attrition rates provide
information on the expected survival rate of equipment by vintage, and, thus, are integral in
determining the vintage distribution of in-use fleets. Vintage distributions, together with engine
profiles by model year, are necessary for an accurate estimate of current and future emission
inventories.
Estimated annual hours of use were provided by OPEI for most lawn and garden equipment
during the development of NEVES. Where appropriate, distinctions between consumer and
commercial use were provided based on results from the Technical Committee survey.
National and regional estimates on annual usage are presented in EPA's NEVES and are not
reiterated in this report. State level estimates on annual usage are not available from OPEI.
JFA inquired about available data on typical engine rebuild/ replacement rates. Unfortunately,
such information is not available through OPEI.
EPA/OAR 2-15 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Table 2-8
ESTIMATED PRODUCT LIFE SPAN FOR SELECTED
EQUIPMENT
Walk-Behind Mowers
Consumer Use - 6 Years
Commercial Use - 3 Years
Multi-Spindle Walk-Behind Mowers
Commercial Use - 3 Years
Riding Mowers (Rear Engine)
Consumer Use - 6 Years
Lawn Tractors
Consumer Use - 6 Years
Garden Tractors
Consumer Use - 9 Years
Walk-Behind Tillers
Consumer Use - 9 Years
Commercial Use - 3 Years
Misc. Lawn and Garden Equipment
Consumer Use - 10 Years
Commercial Use - 10 Years
(Category includes walk-behind blower/vacs, edger trimmers,
snow throwers, etc.)
Source: OPEI
2-16
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
Although OPEI has been responsive to data requests, further detail is needed for the
development of data matrices required to formulate an emissions inventory model. JFA
contacted OPEI to determine further data availability. It is evident that OPEI does not compile
nor does it maintain detailed information on historical shipments by State, technology, engine
cycle, or power base for most of the equipment types that OPEI represents. With the exception
of historical shipment distributions by power base for lawn tractors, riding mowers, and garden
tractors (which will be submitted by OPEI at a later date), the extent of shipment data
availability from OPEI is limited to that presented in this report. Similarly, OPEI is not a
source for detailed information on equipment attrition rates, State level annual hours of use
estimates, or equipment rebuild/replacement rates.
The reliability of OPEI's data is also questionable. While the shipment estimates are likely
representative of actual product shipments, OPEI's data on scrappage, usage, and
commercial/residential splits are based on unscientific methods that rely on a relatively small-
scale survey. It is unclear how the 30 or so surveyed manufacturers developed the estimates
for these variables, but OPEI has suggested that a "best-guess" approach may have been widely
used. Although the technical representatives of the various manufacturers surveyed by OPEI
may be experts in their respective fields, their responses are likely biased and may reflect
testing experiences rather than field data. As a result, OPEI's estimates on scrappage, usage,
and commercial/residential splits should be interpreted with caution and probably best serve
as comparative data for estimates developed by other sources. Likewise, the lack of detail
exhibited by OPEI's shipment data limits their direct use into an emission calculation.
However, at the aggregate level, OPEI's shipment estimates are likely representative of actual
levels.
EPA/OAR 2-17 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Sli/Jy
Identification and Evaluation »t
Available Data Sources — Final Re/ion
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
2.3 PORTABLE POWER EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION (PPEMA)
PPEMA is the national, not-for-profit trade association representing the manufacturers of small
engine powered nonroad equipment such as chainsaws, string trimmers, brush cutters, blowers,
hedge trimmers, portable generators, and cut-off saws. Unlike many other nonroad equipment
industries, almost all of PPEMA's members manufacture the engines used in the final products
that they produce. These engines are predominantly 2-stroke gasoline engines better suited for
hand-held applications.
Shipment data for selected equipment were directly provided by PPEMA, while information
on product life spans and usage is available from a report to PPEMA by Heiden Associates,
Inc. entitled A 1989 California Baseline Emissions Inventory For Total Hydrocarbon &
Carbon Monoxide Emissions From Portable Two-Stroke Power Equipment, dated July 24,
1990. This report uses PPEMA's data on shipments, average annual hours of use, and product
life spans to derive emission inventories from portable 2-stroke equipment operating in
California.
PPEMA's national shipment estimates are shown in Table 2-9. Estimates were provided for
chainsaws, trimmers/brushcutters, hand-held blowers, back-pack blowers, hedge trimmers, and
cut-off saws. The numbers shown in Table 2-9 are for 2-stroke gasoline powered equipment,
since diesel or 4-stroke gasoline engines are not used in these applications. Shipments, as
defined by PPEMA, include product that "goes-out-the-door" of U.S. plants and includes
foreign firms with U.S. subsidiaries that produce equipment inside the U.S. Given this
definition, equipment that is eventually exported out of the U.S. are also included in Table 2-9.
EPA/OAR 2-18 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Repon
-------
Table 2-9
PPEMA's Shipment Estimates
of Selected 2-Stroke Gasoline
Equipment
Calendar
Year
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
Chainsaws
1,176,060
1,153,000
1 ,378,000
1 ,404,000
1 ,377,000
1 ,350,000
1 ,350,000
1 ,527,000
1 .684,000
1 ,527,000
1 ,400,000
1 ,820,000
2,646,500
2,940,000
2,896,000
Trimmers/
Brushcutters
3,026,340
2,967,000
2,962,000
2,962,000
3,022,800
2,748,000
2,390,000
1 ,920,000
1 ,835,000
1 ,654,000
1 ,250,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Hand-Held
Blowers
764,400
728,000
655,000
668,000
564,000
397,000
336,500
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Back-Pack
Blowers
75,920
73,000
87,000
99,000
80,400
67,000
76,200
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Hedge
Trimmers
107,120
104,000
102,950
70,500
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cut-Off
Saws
27,000
27,000
27,300
26,500
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2-/9
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
Regional and/or State level shipment estimates have not been provided by PPEMA, although
they exist given that PPEMA's estimates of annual industry product shipments to California
were used by Heiden Associates to estimate emissions from hand-held portable 2-stroke
equipment operating California. Moreover, PPEMA's State level shipment data were employed
by Heiden Associates in its report to PPEMA entitled Estimates of 24 Non-Attainment Area
Portable Two-Stroke Power Equipment Populations Based on Actual Industry Shipments
Data and Four Alternative Activity Models, dated October 30, 1991. JFA has contacted both
Heiden Associates and PPEMA in an attempt to obtain State level shipment data. Heiden
Associates cannot release the data without PPEMA's consent, and PPEMA has not responded
to our request. It is likely that State level shipment data will not be publicly released by
PPEMA, however. According to Heiden Associates, through State level product shipment data
the identity of various manufacturers can be determined. As a result, PPEMA will likely not
publicly release State level shipment statistics since the market position of certain
manufacturers may be compromised.
PPEMA's estimates of the average annual hours of use and typical product life spans are
available from the first Heiden Associates' report that is mentioned above. Estimates appearing
in that report on usage and life spans are national estimates rather than California specific.
These figures are presented below.
EPA/OAR 2-20 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report -
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1
February 1993
PPEMA's Estimates of Usage and Expected Life
Equipment Type
Trimmers/
Brushcutters
Hand Blowers
Back Blowers
Cut-Off Saws
Hedgetrimmers
Chainsaws
Average
Use Hours
(Prof.)
170
197
293
113
75
405
Average
Use Hours
(Cons.)
10
9
12
0
7
7
Expected
Life Yrs.
(Prof.)
1.50
2.00
1.83
2.00
3.00
1.00
Expected
Life Yrs.
(Cons.)
6.00
6.67
6.67
7.50
8.00
PPEMA's estimated percentage of sales going to professional users and consumers, also
appearing in Heiden's report, are provided below for each equipment type:
PPEMA's Sales Breakdown by Type of User
Equipment Type
Trimmers/Brushcutters
Hand Blowers
Back Blowers
Cut-Off Saws
Hedgetrimmers
Chainsaws
% Sales (Prof.)
16%
5%
95%
100%
79%
25%
% Sales (Cons.)
84%
95%
5%
0%
21%
75%
As mentioned in Heiden's report, PPEMA's life expectancy estimates, annual hours of use
estimates, and distributions between professional and residential users (Le., consumers) are
EPA/OAR
2-21 i\'onroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
averages of three individual PPEMA member company estimates. Details regarding the
identity of these manufacturers or the processes that were employed by them to derive the
estimates were not available from PPEMA or Heiden Associates. Steve McGonegal of Heiden
Associates did mention, however, that manufacturers may have developed their estimates from
information that was provided by each firm's marketing department. This can be interpreted
to mean that the estimates likely reflect field data rather than testing results. Of course, the
possibility also exists that the estimates reflect "best guesses" by the marketing people of the
three manufacturers. JFA contacted PPEMA for more information, but none has been
provided.
Finally, Heiden Associates' Steve McGonegal provided some insight on the process that was
employed to determine the usage, life expectancy, and sales distribution differences between
professional and residential end users. Differences reflect a model specific process that
identifies for each equipment type those models that are oriented toward professional
applications versus those that are designed for residential applications. Information at the
model level was then presumably used by each manufacturer to calculate usage, life span, and
sales by user category. Model level data, however, are not available from PPEMA and it
remains unclear whether or not the three manufacturers employed a rigorous model based
approach or "best guess" approach to derive the estimates presented above as averages.
The data presented above is particularly useful for validating estimates derived by other
sources. PPEMA is one source for data describing the distinction between professional and
consumer usage and expected life. However, while their estimated annual usage estimates can
be directly incorporated into an emissions forecasting model, more detailed data on scrappage
are necessary, as was discussed in Section 2.2. Vintage specific attrition rates, however, are
not available from PPEMA. Furthermore, the validity of PPEMA's usage and life span
EPA/OAR 2-22 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study.
Identification and Evaluation
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
estimates cannot be assessed without additional information about how each of the three
manufacturers calculated the numbers that are imbedded in the averages that are exhibited in
this report. PPEMA's shipment data, however, are probably reflective of the market for these
products, given that they are based on actual shipment records.
As in the case of OPEI, PPEMA does not maintain data on engine rebuild/replacement rates
for the equipment that is produced by their member manufacturers.
2.4 INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ASSOCIATION (ITA)
ITA is a national, non-profit trade association of forklift truck manufacturers and their
suppliers. According to their estimates, members of ITA collectively produce and sell 90
percent of all industrial forklift trucks in the U.S. These trucks are powered by diesel,
gasoline, electric motors, or LPG.
ITA has maintained a Statistical Program since 1928 that records information on the number
of forklift trucks manufactured by member companies in their U.S. plants, the number of
forklift trucks imported into the U.S. from member companies with foreign plants, and the
number of forklift trucks manufactured by non-member companies, but marketed by member
companies. Shipment data are available for seven classes of industrial trucks: electric motor
rider trucks (Class 1); motor narrow aisle trucks (Class 2); electric motor hand trucks" (Class
3); internal combustion engine trucks, cushion tire only (Class 4); internal combustion engine
trucks, pneumatic tire only (Class 5); industrial tractors (Class 6); and rough terrain forklifts
(Class 7).
EPA/OAR 2-23 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
The program uses data submitted by ITA member companies through what are called
Telegraphic Reports and Monthly Detailed Statistical Reports. Telegraphic Reports report
the number of factory orders during a given month, and include data on the number of orders
from, and shipped to, end users. However, they do not include U.S. government or inter/intra-
plant transfers. Monthly Detailed Statistical Reports include information on the total gross
orders, total net orders (Le., gross orders minus cancellations), and net shipments. Net factory
orders received are detailed according to truck class, market sector, capacity, and engine fuel
type. End user level reports detail net order and shipment information by truck class, market
sector, and geographic location.
ITA's Statistical Program is an excellent source of shipment information for forklifts,
industrial tractors, and rough terrain forklifts. Data from the program were submitted to EPA
describing forklift sales estimates for the 24 nonattainment areas included in NEVES. ITA has
confirmed that similar data are maintained for all truck classes at the national and State levels.
An example of the type of sales data that was submitted by ITA during NEVES is provided
in Table 2-10, which lists forklift orders by lift truck class for the years 1983 to 1990.
According to ITA, these estimates are virtually identical to calendar year shipments, the
difference being canceled orders during a given year. A given year's canceled orders,
however, usually become next year's shipments so that in the long run the order figures are
close to actual shipments. ITA's Statistical Program can provide data beyond the detail that
is exhibited in Table 2-10, including State level shipments by lift truck class and lift capacity
(which can be translated to a rough measure of horsepower as shown in Table 2-11).
Shipment data contained in ITA's database are used by manufacturers to evaluate the
performance of their dealers. Shipments are traced by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
code allowing manufacturers to determine how many and which types of lift trucks are shipped
EPA/OAR 2-24 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation uf
Available Data Sources — Final Rcpon
-------
Ta6lF2-10
DECEMBER FORM 2 DATA
ORDERS
YEAR
ITA TRUCK
CLASS
1 Electric
2 Electric
3 Electric
4 Gasoline
Diesel
LPG
5 Gasoline
Diesel
LPG
6 Electric
7 Gasoline
Diesel
1983
10,613
5,444
15,267
4,627
592
11,450
4,505
3,087
3,324
389
244
590
1984
13,498
6,733
17,845
6,523
1,135
18,719
6,650
4,705
5,478
344
244
590
1985
16,165
9,197
23,114
7,360
942
19,274
7,375
4,854
5,932
422
186
900
1986
15,809
8,486
24,094
6,924
1,450
18,227
7,371
4,750
6,191
414
118
711
1987
17,392
10,637
24,874
7,895
1,665
20,858
8,744
5,670
7,636
346
95
740
1988
17,895
12,732
29,053
9,698
1,510
18,097
9,831
5,197
7,398
261
42
684
1989
17,312
11,861
28,517
9,518
1,199
18,043
8,868
4,925
7,851
515
47
754
1990
16,303
10,444
25,020
7,327
808
15,724
7,251
4,579
18,955
217
50
511
t
TOTAL
124,987
75,534
187,784
59,962
9,301
140,392
60,595
37,767
62,765
2,908
1,026
5,480
I-J
o,
Source: ITA
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
to a given industry. From that information, manufacturers can develop marketing plans. As
a result, the information that is maintained and compiled by ITA through the Statistical
Program is extremely important to manufacturers, and ITA members spend a considerable
amount of resources to develop and maintain the database. Given this expense, ITA has stated
that they will not provide additional data to EPA beyond what was submitted during the
development of NEVES.
National estimates of average annual hours of use were provided to EPA by ITA for forklifts
during the development of NEVES. These estimates can be found in EPA's NEVES and are
not repeated in this report. The usage data submitted by ITA, as well as their life expectancy
estimate of 8 years, were based on a field survey that was conducted during the 1980's. ITA
strongly stands by their estimate of an 8-year average useful life, as this estimate is used,
according to ITA, by various government agencies, such as OSHA, in their regulatory
analyses. ITA does not maintain nor does it compile vintage specific survival rates or engine
rebuild/replacement data.
ITA's Statistical Program is potentially an excellent source of detailed information on lift truck
shipment statistics. However, it is apparent that no further information will be provided by
ITA, thus limiting the use of ITA's shipment information to that which has already been
submitted to EPA. Similarly, ITA has not provided detailed information about the field survey
from which usage and life expectancy estimates were derived. As a result, the validity of these
data cannot be evaluated. ITA's data on usage, life expectancy, and lift truck shipments best
serve for comparative purposes, rather than as direct inputs into an emissions model.
EPA/OAR 2-26 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition SttiJy
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Table 2-11
ITA ANNUAL UNITS BY LIFT CAPACITY/ENGINE HORSEPOWER
(Internal Combustion Engines)
Lift Capacity
(Ibs.)
THRU 6,000
7,000 THRU 15,000
16,000 THRU 40,000
ABOVE 40,000
Engine Power
(BHP)
THRU 60
61 THRU 90
91 THRU 125
126 THRU 260
Annual Units
(5 Year Average)
42,500
9,700
900
50
(%)
(80%)
(18%)
(2%)
(NIL)
Source: ITA
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
2.5 INTERNATIONAL SNOWMOBILE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (ISIA)
Four manufacturers currently produce snowmobiles for the U.S. market. These are Arctco,
Inc., Bombardier, Inc., Polaris Industries L.P., and Yamaha Motor Company, Ltd.. Of these
all but Polaris are active members of ISIA, the trade organization for manufacturers of
snowmobiles.
All engines used in current and recent model year snowmobiles are of a 2-stroke design and
are exclusively fueled by gasoline. Such an engine design is optimal for snowmobiles because
of the requirement for high performance, or a high horsepower to weight ratio. While some
snowmobiles employ one or three cylinder engines, most have two cylinders.
ISIA provided aggregate historical sales estimates for snowmobiles sold in the U.S. These
estimates are provided below:
EPA/OAR 2-28 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1
February 1993
Estimated Snowmobile Retail Sales
In The United States
Model Year
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Estimated Sales
75,000
80,000
78,000
65,000
61,000
58,000
51,000
59,000
49,000
These estimates are based upon information reported to ISIA by its members, extended to 100
percent of the industry operating in the North American market.2 The estimate for model year
1991 included sales as of February 28, 1991. The model year ends on March 31 of every year.
The sales estimates shown above were derived from member company retail sales figures,
2Note that the sum of estimated sales presented here is 576,000. Yet in a submittal to the California Air
Resources Board (dated June 1, 1991) ISIA states that an estimated one million snowmobiles are in operation in
the United States. ISIA estimates the average life span of snowmobiles to be approximately 10 years. However,
the sum of sales for the 1982 to 1991 ten year period will unlikely total one million given that the 1983 to 1991
sum is only 576,000. Roy Muth, ISIA's President and Chief Executive Officer, provided some insight about the
cause of the apparent discrepancy. He stated that the one million population estimate was derived from
information about the expected size of the snowmobile market, rather than through a methodology that is based
on sales or shipment records. Clearly, ISIA's sales and life expectancy estimates do not support this population
estimate, unless snowmobile sales in 1982 totaled about 424,000 units ~ an unlikely case given the relatively low
yearly sales estimates presented above.
EPA/OAR
2-29 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
rather than shipment records. Since snowmobile manufacturers are highly vertically integrated,
they are able to track retail sales from their retail distribution networks. Polaris' retail sales
have been estimated through a methodology that relies on ISIA's market knowledge. ISIA
stated that while Polaris' sales estimates may not be totally accurate, they are consistent with
what ISIA anticipates to be the overall snowmobile market in the United States.
ISIA does not compile retail sales by State. However, most States require the registration of
snowmobiles operating on public land. These registration figures, provided by ISIA and
presented in Appendix A, can be compared against population estimates derived from other
sources (such as PSR) to assess the validity of the other source's estimates. Moreover, State
registration distributions can be used as a proxy of sales by State, if one assumes that the
majority of snowmobiles bought in a particular State are used and registered in that State.
Conceptually, registration data can also be used to derive an implied attrition curve. However,
such a derivation requires vintage distributions for both sales and registrations. Although such
a distribution is available for the sales data, ISIA does not maintain registration data by
vintage. Vintage specific registrations may, however, be available from the States directly, but
gathering the information will be resource intensive. Moreover, the issue of unregistered
snowmobiles presents a problem for such an approach to the derivation of snowmobile attrition
curves.
The number of days, or hours per year, that a snowmobile is operated greatly depends on snow
cover and, thus, fluctuates from year to year. A survey of snowmobile owners conducted by
ISIA during the 1986-1987 season provided the following annual usage data:
EPA/OAR 2-30 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
< 10 days 11%
11-20 days 29%
21-30 days 24%
> 30 days 36%.
The usage data shown above was constructed from both Canadian and U.S. survey responses.
Details of the 1986-1987 season ownership and use survey were not available from ISIA.
Since then, however, ISIA conducted another survey during the spring of 1992 entitled U.S.
Snowmobile Ownership Survey. ISIA provided the following discussion about the survey
procedure and responses:
Given that ISIA estimates that over one million people constitute the population of snowmobile
owners throughout the U.S., to survey this population at a 95 percent confidence level, 386
usable surveys were needed by ISIA. In an attempt to achieve this number of responses, 3000
survey/questionnaires were mailed out for the spring 1992 survey.
Returns numbered 625, a 20.8 percent response rate. Data used to describe snowmobile usage
in the U.S. were derived from 385 survey responses. The number used closely approximated
the necessary 386 surveys needed to attain a 95 percent confidence level, plus or minus five
percent.
According to ISIA, the spring 1992 ownership survey showed that sixty-one and three tenths
percent of the respondents indicated that one or two people operate snowmobiles in their
households. Thirty-eight and seven tenths of the respondents reported three or more operators
(n=380). The majority of respondents (66.2 percent) indicated less than 30 days of usage per
yearwhereas 23.3 percent indicated more than 30 days of use per year (n=382). Fifty-nine and
two tenths percent rode over 500 miles annually (n=382). Seventy and nine tenths percent of
the respondents indicated that more than half of all mileage traveled was accounted for on the
weekend (n=378). Seventy-seven percent of the respondents reported that over 50 percent of
the mileage traveled takes place during daylight hours (n=379). The mileage traveled while
carrying a passenger was less than 51 percent according to 93.9 percent of the respondents
(n=380).
Activities for which snowmobiles were used included trail riding/touring (93.8 percent),
followed by family outings and play area riding (38.4 percent each), pleasure racing (27.5
percent), and ice fishing/hunting (18.4 percent) - multiple answers were allowed.
EPA/OAR 2-31 Nonroad Mobjle Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
For the snowmobile most often ridden by the respondents, 25.5 percent got over 15 miles per
gallon of gasoline whereas 50.5 percent reported getting 10-15 miles per gallon (n=380). Fuel
consumption was important to 63.8 percent of the respondents whereas 36.2 percent reported
that it was not an important factor in their riding decisions (n=381). Thirty-six and seven tenths
percent of the respondents indicated the use of between 26 and 100 gallons of gas per year for
the most often used snowmobile while 24.3 percent of the respondents did not know annual fuel
consumption figures (n=379). For all snowmobiles in a household, 49.3 percent of the
respondents reported using less than 150 gallons of gasoline per year, while 25.6 percent
reported that they did not know the amount of gasoline consumed (n=375).
When respondents were asked if they take overnight trips, 22.1 percent reported taking 1 to 2
overnight trips in the past 12 months. Another 23.4 percent took 3 to 5 trips. Thirty-seven
percent reported taking none (n=384). Of those taking overnight trips, 51.8 percent stayed no
more than 2 nights away from home. On a one-day trip or less, 26.4 percent of the respondents
reported traveling less than 25 miles one way while 58.5 percent reported traveling less than 51
miles one way (n=371). On overnight trips, 18.2 percent of the respondents reported that they
travel less than 51 miles one way while 55.1 percent reported traveling over 100 miles one way.
In order to transport their snowmobiles to where respondents ride most often, 19.8 percent rode
the snowmobile, 73.2 percent used a trailer and 7.0 percent used a pickup truck (n=384).
In addition to the discussion presented above, ISIA also stated that neither survey (Le., the
1986-1987 or the 1992 survey) directly provide usage information at the regional level. ISIA
has not investigated this issue. Moreover, a copy of the questionnaire was requested but not
provide by ISIA.
ISIA has also conducted consumer surveys over the last 5 years from which useful life
estimates were derived. At first, manufacturers and ISIA believed the average expected life
span of snowmobiles to be 7 years. But survey data showed that a significant number of older
snowmobiles remained in service. As a result, ISIA has revised their life expectancy estimate
to 10 years, although some snowmobiles have been found to last as long as 15 years.
As with most other nonroad equipment associations, vintage specific attrition rates and
rebuild/replacement rates were not available from ISIA or from member manufacturers.
EPA/OAR 2-32 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation «t
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
2.6 MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRY COUNCIL (MIC)
MIC is a non-profit national trade organization representing manufacturers and distributors of
motorcycles, motorcycle parts and accessories, and members of allied trades. Products
represented by this association include on-highway motorcycles, scooters, all terrain vehicles
(ATV's), and off-highway motorcycles. Of these, ATV's and off-highway motorcycles are
considered to be nonroad vehicles and, thus, apply to this study.
Extensive information is available from MIC's 1991 Motorcycle Statistical Annual on ATV's
and off-highway motorcycles. This publication is the single most complete public source of
data for these nonroad vehicles. Estimates are available on model year retail sales by engine
size (which give some indication of horsepower ranges) and major brands. In addition, current
in-use populations by State are provided, as well as vintage specific attrition rates, historical
registrations, imports by country and engine displacement, and average annual mileage
estimates.
MIC has developed a rigorous, scientific approach to estimate off-highway motorcycle and
ATV sales, usage, and attrition. The underlying sources for these estimates include
manufacturer wholesale shipment records, retial outlet audits, and results from an extensive
survey conducted every five years by Burke Marketing Research. MIC recently submitted the
following detailed description of the processes that are employed to estimate vehicle sales and
vintage specific attrition rates.
Data published by MIC regarding retail sales estimates of vehicles used off-highway are based
on three sources:
EPA/OAR 2-33 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study.
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
1) The MIC Retail Sales Report which is based on warranty
registration data provided by Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki and
Harley Davidson (which account for over 90 percent of total retail
sales). The MIC also conducts a physical audit of a sample of dealers
throughout the U.S. to determine the ratio of warranty registrations to
retail sales about every two years.
2) R.L. Polk Registrations - New motorcycle registration statistics are
purchased from R.L. Polk & Company. These are useful for
estimating sales of brands not included in the MIC Retail Sales
Reporting System.
3) MIC Manufacturers Wholesale Sales reports and other
miscellaneous data are used to verify that sales estimates are in line.
Vehicles in use are estimated from sales data each year and adjusted using an operability,
survival probability rate. The operability rate is updated every five years from results of the
Survey of Motorcycle Ownership and Usage conducted by Burke. Operability rates by model
type are based on the percent of the vehicle population by age of vehicle compared to the
number of vehicles sold new each year. A separate analysis of the operability rate was done
in 1980 and has been updated for 1985 and 1990.
Burke's survey results are employed to determine national and State level off-highway and
ATV populations and usage, as well as vintage specific survival probability rates (as mentioned
above). MIC's State level population, annual usage, and seasonal usage estimates derived from
Burke's survey are provided in Appendix B, as well as a detailed description of the surveying
methodology that was employed by Burke Marketing Research. In sum, a total of 1,896
telephone interviews of motorcycle3 owners and 1,204 interviews of households not currently
owning a motorcycle were conducted during 1990 using the Super Survey Sampling National
Probability Sample (NFS).
Table 2-12 and Figure 2-1 summarize sales and attrition data from the 1991 Motorcycle
Statistical Annual. JFA recommends that MIC data be used as the basis for developing the
'Includes on-highway and off-highway motorcycles and ATVs.
EPA/OAR 2-34 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study.
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
TABLE 2-12
ESTIMATED NEW RETAIL SALES OF
OFF-HIGHWAY MOTORCYCLES AND ATVs
YEAR
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
OFF-HIGHWAY
MOTORCYCLES
199,000*
226,000*
233,000*
292,000*
244,000*
247,000*
260,000*
283,000*
326,000*
332,000*
313,000*
370,000*
165,000
155,000
150,000
145,000
125,000
100,000
85,000
70,000
84,000
ATVs
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
250,000
425,000
550,000
550,000
480,000
405,000
290,000
200,000
145,000
* Sales estimates include both off-highway motorcycles and ATVs units.
Source: Motorcycle Industry Council
2-35
-------
FIGURE 2-1
VINTAGE ATTRITION RATES FOR ATVs
AND OFF-HIGHWAY MOTORCYCLES
Probability 0.6
of a
Motorcycle O.S
Being in
Operation o.4
Age
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
Scooter
.94
.88
.79
.71
.60
.50
.36
.28
.23
.13
.08
.OS
On-
Hwy.
.98
. .96
.89
.82
.77
.68
.59
.47
.38
.33
.28
.23
Dual
Purpose
.99
.95
.92
.86
.81
.74
.63
.50
.41
.32
.26
.18
Off-
Hwy.
.98
.89
.82
.70
.59
.48
.35
.26
.22
.16
.10
.04
ATV
.98
.93
.88
.74
.69
.57
.48
.39
.30
.21
.19
.15
567
Age in Years
10
11
12
Source: Motorcycle Industry Council
2-36
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
data matrices needed for emission estimates and forecasts of off-highway motorcycles and
ATVs, since sales, usage, and scrappage data on these equipment types are not readily available
from other sources.
Detailed sales breakdown by engine type (Le., two or four stroke) are unavailable. However,
information compiled in 1990 by MIC for California indicated that 28.92 percent of the in-use
California population was 2-stroke powered, while the remaining 71.08 percent of the in-use
fleet was powered by 4-stroke engines. These estimates included only recreational off-highway
populations and ATVs, and excluded closed course, competition (motocross) motorcycles,
which are virtually all powered by 2-stroke engines. MIC's statistical annual also provides
some generalized data on 2-stroke versus 4-stroke sales splits. However, the splits presented
in that publication do not distinguish between motorcycle types (Le., on-highway, off-highway,
dual purpose, or ATVs).
MIC estimates off-highway motorcycle usage in the U.S. to be an average of 313 miles per
year. ATV usage is estimated to average 263 miles per year. These estimates were derived
from Burke Marketing Research's 1990 Survey of Motorcycle Usage and Ownership
conducted for MIC in 1991. The survey results were recently provided to JFA and further
indicate that the riding season, for ATVs is year-round, whereas off-highway motorcycle usage
follows a warm weather pattern. In addition, an estimated 66.5 percent of off-highway
motorcycle usage and 65.9 percent of ATV usage occurs on weekends. Days ridden annually
average 51.2 for off-highway motorcycles and 81.1 for ATVs, according to Burke's survey.
Data on engine rebuild/replacement rates are not available from MIC or from their member
manufacturers. However, it is known that many enthusiasts routinely refresh (replace rings
EPA/OAR 2-37 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation <>l
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
and/or pistons) the top end of their 2-stroke motorcycles between riding seasons. On the other
hand, many others, notably 4-strokes, see little or no major maintenance during their life spans.
2.7 EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE (EMI)
EMI has been extensively involved in EPA's process of characterizing emissions from nonroad
sources. EMI is the principal association in the U.S. representing manufacturers of agricultural,
construction, forestry, material handling, and utility equipment. A total of 160 equipment
manufacturers and 140 associates and suppliers are members of EMI. Their input was essential
in deriving EPA's NEVES inventory B estimates, as they provided population estimates on
construction, agricultural, and light commercial equipment, and estimates on average hours of
annual use.
EMI's estimates of equipment populations do not, however, rely on a detailed profile of
equipment sales, scrappage, and engine rebuild/replacement rates. For example, agricultural
equipment population estimates submitted to EPA for NEVES were taken from the 1987
Agricultural Census conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
which collects survey data for motor trucks, farm tractors, combines, cotton pickers/cotton
strippers, mower conditioners, and pick-up balers. Of these, only tractors, combines, and
cotton pickers/cotton strippers are considered as nonroad vehicles. A detailed description of
the survey methodology employed by the Bureau of the Census for the 1987 Census of
Agriculture is presented in Appendix C. Estimated equipment populations are available from
this source at the national, State, and county levels.
Similarly, EMI's estimates of construction equipment populations used publicly available data
from a 1987 MacKay & Company's study for Construction Equipment Magazine, which
EPA/OAR 2-38 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
reported the estimated total national population by machine type. EMI states in their letter to
John German (EPA) dated July 30, 1991 the following observation which indicates their
rationale for employing this data source. "This source [MacKay & Company's data] was the
only one available to our knowledge. Estimating machine populations would be very difficult
because of the lack of a continuous time series of retail sales over a long period of years. The
industry has collected such data only since 1980, a period of time too short for making
population estimates."
Original sales data available from EMI are generally limited to the type shown in Table 2-13
for farm wheel tractors. These sales estimates were compiled from EMI's public reports, a
summary example of which is provided in Table 2-14. These reports summarize manufacturer
specific sales that are submitted to EMI and can be used to compile information similar to that
shown in Table 2-13. However, much effort will need to be expended to develop State level
historical sales by horsepower ranges for farm wheel tractors and historical State level sales
for the other types of agricultural equipment included in EMI's public reports. Moreover, JFA
has only received detailed State sales records for 1987 and 1988 from EMI, although similar
records should be available for other years.
EMI's statement regarding the availability of sales data for construction equipment implies that
such information is maintained by manufacturers, but is not likely to be provided to EPA or
its contractors. EMI has stated that sales information beyond that available from their public
reports will not be provided because of proprietary reasons. Similarly, data on scrappage and
engine rebuild/replacement rates are not available directly from EMI or from its member
manufacturers. Information provided by EMI on annual usage is included in EPA's NEVES,
so it is not reviewed in this report. However, it should be noted that usage data provided by
EMI were also directly derived from usage information found in MacKay & Company's study.
EPA/OAR 2-39 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Table 2-13
Farm Wheel Tractor Retail Sales By State, 1985-1989
Unit*
State
Alabama
Alaska
Aruona
Arkansas
California _. ..
Colorado „
Connecticut ..._
Delaware
Florida
Georgia . _
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana .
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan _
Mississippi.- _
Montana
Nebraska ..._ _
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey.-
New Mexico
New Yoik
North Carolina ._
North Dakota
Ohio _
Oklahoma _
Oregon
Pennsylvania .'
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Tennessee
Teias
Utah :
Vermont
Virginia..-
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Govt
Miscellaneous
TOMl _
2whed
Drive
2872
39
1.240
3.683
4931
983
715
286
4.543
5.242
126
786
3.327
2.789
1.894
1.739
3.044
3.419
625
2.139
783
2.975
1 714
3.172
3 159
602
963
113
946
1.062
529
3717
4.478
917
4.537
2.203
1.606
4.095
97
2 171
809
4522
13252
625
600
3.253
1 652
685
2615
168
13
306
112.7(1
13J5
4 wheel
Drive
2
29
70
74
89
t
7
30
5
9
83
252
113
68
248
23
66
3
74
202
20
35
122
63
4
1
18
21
9
35 1
56
167
36
16
5
158
16
192
6
2
5
83
60
18
_
2,912
Total
Tractors
2874
39
1.269
3.753
5005
1.072
716
293
4.573
5.247
135
869
3.579
2.902
1.962
1.987
3.067
3.485
625
2.142
783
3.049
1916
3.192
3 194
724
1.026
117
946
1.063
547
3738
4.487
1.268
4.593
2.370
1.642
4.111
97
2 176
967
4.538
13444
631
602
3.258
1 735
685
2.675
186
13
306
115.673
2«hetl
Drive
3041
22
657
3.154
5138
711
937
351
4.732
5.077
142
483
3.182
2.784
2.022
1.585
2.643
2.602
806
2.081
999
3.051
1651
2.516
3290
323
1.258
102
1.139
1.275
418
4065
4.511
892
4.364
1.899
1.699
4.524
117
2.033
934
4.207
9.849
480
625
3.309
1450
925
2.225
149
29
250
106.758
IMS
It/feed
Dm
_
16
55
73
50
6
31
6
4
35
155
68
69
134
11
15
I
51
183
7
38
103
66
2
9
24
7
292
67
82
24
15
1
149
13
77
4
_
6
39
1
41
7
_
_
2.037
Total
Tracton
3041
22
673
3.209
5.211
761
937
357
4.763
5.083
146
518
3.337
2.852
2.091
1.719
2.654
2.617
806
2.082
999
3.102
1.834
2.523
3.328
476
1.324
104
1.139
1.275
427
4.089
4.518
1.184
4.431
1.981
1.723
4.539 -
117
2034
1.083
4.220
9.926
484
625
3.315
1.489
926
2.266
1S6
29
250
lOi.m
2-whed
Drive
2943
20
638
3.083
4970
682
1.091
320
4.375
5.173
149
497
3.204
2.712
2.433
1.591
2.519
2.430
824
2.279
1.188
2.624
1 816
2.317
3266
340
1.314
99
1.293
1.337
444
4074
5.334
1.092
4276
1.857
1.579
4.640
119
2127
1.130
4.472
8.183
308
639
3.704
1 433
8SO
1 900
131
183
529
106.5)1
1417
4 wheel
Drive
1
2
31
49
59
1
4
55
3
4
17
116
46
64
132
8
23
2
34
153
16
43
76
64
I
5
6
3
223
25
81
11
9
2
118
6
95
1
1
30
23
8
2
1.653
Total
Tractors
2944
20
640
3.114
5019
741
1.092
324
4430
5.176
153
514
3.320
2.758
2497
I./23
2.527
2.453
824
2.281
1.188
2.658
1 969
2.333
3309
416
1378
100
1.293
1.337
449
40SO
5.337
1.315
1 301
1938
1590
4.619
119
2 129
1.218
14/8
8278
309
639
J.705
1 163
850
1923
Ii9
I8S
529
IOJ.1I4
2-whcel
Drive
2959
12
677
3.145
5963
750
1.065
369
4.615
4.644
194
490
3.070
2.348
2.516
1 778
• :rt6
. .12
•iOJ
2.022
1.043
2.782
1 777
2.351
3268
347
1.585
87
1.117
1.395
456
3937
5.218
623
3758
1.729
1.612
4.462
115
2616
837
4015
6839
283
612
3.722
1 325
685
1 811
105
368
8)5
104.017
19(8
4wheel
Drive
2
8
105
87
98
12
68
5
2
23
173
100
111
268
14
66
3
2
56
227
21
97
79
90
I
1
1
6
16
4
285
33
164
28
11
5
1/9
15
150
5
2
53
40
12
1
2.729
Total
fractal
• 2961
12
685
3.250
6050
848
1.065
381
4.683
4.649
196
513
3.243
2.448
2.627
2.046
2.520
2.278
903
2.025
1.045
2.838
2004
2.372
3365
426
1.675
88
1.118
1.396
• 462
3953
5.222
908
3791
1.893
1.640
4.473
115
2651
1.016
4.030
6989
283
612
3.724
1 378
685
1884
117
369
835
IOS.746
2-wheel
Drive
4
20
178
235
109
17
98
11
4
71
322
195
161
293
34
79
1
8
. 104
311
31
119
147
146
3
1
4
9
37
27
397
85
208
60
18
8
223
34
146
8
1
3
87
1
59
25
1 '
5
4.151
1919
4«hed
Olive
2874
18
805
3.442
5971
795
674
409
4.235
4.491
206
805
3.364
2.694
2.489
1.767
2.923
2.297
695
1.869
650
2.713
1965
2.471
3056
443
1.614
111
725
1.068
455
3410
4.955
805
3 783
1.682
1.720
4.007
83
2465
1.023
3.814
6.718
342
580
3.579
1.672
631
2.373
165
54
509
102.419
Total
Tractors
2878
18
825
3.620
6207
904
674
426
4.333
4.502
210
876
3.686
2.889
2.650
2.060
2.957
2.375
696
1.877
650
2.817
2276
2.502
3175
590
1.760
114
4.982
1.202
3868
1.890
1.780
4.025
8]
2473
1.246
3.848
6.864
350
581
3582
1.711
6J2
2.«3Z
190
55
515
106.5/0
Source: Equ
-------
Table 2-14
EXAMPLE OF EMI'S PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
PERIODIC SALES REPORT
December
EQUIPMENT
Farm Wheel Tractors:
2-Wheel Drive
Under 40 HP
40 & Under 100 HP
1 00 & Under 140 HP
140 HP & Over
Total 2-Wheel Drive
4-Wheel Drive
Under 200 HP
200 HP & Over
Total 4-Wheel Drive
TOTAL FARM WHEEL
TRACTORS
Combines (Self-Propelled)
Rectangular Balers
Forage Harvesters
(Shear Bar Type)
Windrowers (Pull Canvas
& Power Units)
Mower Conditioners
Combination Grinder-Mixers
1989
2,401
2,633
609
1,834
7,477
69
316
385
7,862
1,012
203
116
107
339
365
1988
3264
2455
465
1332
7,516
123
171
294
7,810
505
154
70
83
401
326
Percentage
Change
-26.44%
7.25%
30.97%
37.69%
-0.52%
-43.90%
84.80%
30.95%
0.67%
100.40%
31.82%
65.71%
28.92%
-15.46%
1 1 .96%
January - December
1989
46,926
34,910
5,214
15,369
102,419
1,125
3,026
4,151
106,570
9,110
7,123
2,801
2,121
13,152
2,485
1988
54,741
33,160
4,320
11,802
104,023
998
1,731
2,729
106,752
5,995
5,735
2,405
1,606
1 1 ,043
2,656
Percentage
Change
-14.28%
5.28%
20.69%
30.22%
-1.54%
12.73%
74.81%
52.11%
-0.17%
51 .96%
24.20%
16.47%
32.07%
19.10%
-6.44%
2-41
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
MacKay's study is reviewed in Section 3 of this report.
The potential usefulness of EMTs original sales data for various agricultural equipment is
potentially great. Once EMTs public reports have been thoroughly reviewed and summarized
into State level sales by equipment type and horsepower ranges (at least for farm wheel
tractors), EMI's sales information can be employed as validation data or as baseline data from
which gasoline and diesel, as well as 2-stroke and 4-stroke, sales estimates can be derived.
However, in order to develop population estimates from these sales estimates, vintage specific
attrition rates are necessary. Moreover, the feasibility or cost-effectiveness of undertaking such
a resource intensive task needs to be further evaluated.
2.8 OTHER INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
JFA also contacted additional industry associations to request data on sales, scrappage, and
engine rebuild/replacement rates. Those contacted include the Engine Manufacturers
Association (EMA), the Construction Industry Manufacturers Association (CIMA), the Outdoor
Power Equipment Aftermarket Association (OPEAA), the National Equipment Servicing
Dealers Association (NESDA), the Engine Service Association (ESA), the Associated
Equipment Distributors (AED), and the North American Equipment Dealers Association
(NAEDA). The latter two were suggested as possible sources by EMI.
EMA and CIMA were, and continue to be, involved in the process of estimating emissions
from nonroad sources. However, each has provided limited data on the parameters that are
needed for an emissions model. EMA's input has concentrated on: helpful qualitative
descriptions of the nonroad engine industry; characterizations of nonroad engine duty cycles;
recommendations on the selection of representative test procedures, baseline emission factors.
EPA/OAR 2-42 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation <>l
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
and actual measured emissions; regulatory approaches; and descriptions of possible emission
control technologies. CIMA, on the other hand, submitted construction equipment populations
estimates by horsepower ranges. However, the estimates that were provided were directly
taken from the 1987 MacKay & Company study. Letters were sent to both of these
associations asking for detailed data on scrappage, sales, and engine rebuild/replacement rates.
But, their answers confirmed our expectations that they maintain no data on these issues.
The other associations that were contacted by telephone provided no useful data on any of the
parameters that are needed. OPEAA, NESDA, and ESA were targeted with the hope that they
. would at the very least provide anecdotal data on scrappage and/or engine rebuild/replacement
rates. Unfortunately, they referred data requests to the other associations reviewed in Sections
2.1 through 2.7.
EPA/OAR 2-43 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study.
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
SECTION 3;
SOURCES OF DATA OTHER THAN INDUSTRY
3.1 OVERVIEW
Since useful information on equipment sales, usage, attrition, and engine rebuiloVreplacement
rates is not fully exhaustive from industry sources, other possible sources of relevant
information were researched. These alternative sources include reports prepared by contractors
and other investigative parties for government, data available from MacKay & Company,
anecdotal information on scrappage and engine maintenance available from "field" sources
(such as equipment rental firms, service dealers, etc.), and equipment shipment data available
from the Bureau of the Census for construction, farm, and lawn and garden equipment.
Estimates on the relevant parameters that are available through these sources can be used as
benchmarks against which industry data and information compiled by Power Systems Research
(PSR) can be compared. This section reviews these alternative sources of information.
3.2 CONSULTANTS' REPORTS TO GOVERNMENT
With the goal of expanding the number of possible data sources on nonroad equipment sales,
attrition, usage, populations, emissions, and other relevant factors, JFA conducted a literature
search to identify reports on nonroad emissions. This search identified various nonroad studies
that were conducted by consultants in recent years. The following were found to have useful
information and are reviewed in this study: 1) Inventory of Emissions from Non-Automotive
Vehicular Sources, prepared by KVB, Inc. for the California Air Resources Board (ARB).
dated February 1980; 2) Status Report: Emissions Inventory on Non-Farm (MS-1), Farm
(MS-2), and Lawn and Garden (Utility) (MS-3) Equipment, prepared by ARB, dated July
EPA/OAR 3-1 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation ••>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
1983; 3) Feasibility and Cost-Effectiveness of Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines
in Rail, Marine, Construction, Farm, and Other Mobile Off-Highway Equipment, prepared
by Radian Corporation for the U.S. EPA on February 1988; 4) Feasibility of Controlling
Emissions from Off-Road, Heavy-Duty Construction Equipment, prepared by Energy and
Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA) for ARB, dated December 1988; and 5) Technical
Support Document for California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1994
and Subsequent Model Year Utility and Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines, prepared by
Booz, Allen, & Hamilton (BAH) for ARB during 1990. Reports submitted by consultants
during the development of NEVES were not reviewed for this study.
KVB's 1980 Report to ARB
The purpose of this study was to develop methodologies by which emission inventories from
construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, industrial vehicles, and marine vessels could be
estimated for California and/or the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). Separate methodologies
were developed for each of the equipment categories described above. However, none of these
relied on population estimates developed from sales and scrappage data. As a result, the only
relevant information available from this study are out-dated California specific usage rates and
fuel consumption rates for selected construction, agricultural, and industrial equipment.
ARB's 1983 Report
This ARB report estimates emission inventories for construction, agricultural, and lawn and
garden equipment. The methodologies to calculate these inventories rely on equipment
populations, load factor, annual hours of use, average horsepower, and emission factor
EPA/OAR 3-2 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Stml\
Identification and Evaluation
-------
Jack Favcett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
estimates. Useful information is available on load factors, usage, average horsepowers, and
scrappage.
For construction equipment, population estimates were derived from U.S. Census data on
construction Machinery (Form MQ-35D). Shipment data was compiled for 1969 through 1979,
and a ten year life span was used to calculate the active populations of 24 types of construction
equipment. This ten year life span estimate reflected manufacturer comments provided to ARB
during that study. ARB staff also consulted with several construction firms to verify
manufacturer lifetime estimates. At that time, those firms claimed that given two to three
engine overhauls in a ten year span, a ten year useful life span was representative.
Farm equipment population estimates were derived using EMI's (then FIEI) sales data for
various types of equipment. These sales estimates were combined with anecdotal estimates of
scrappage rates. The useful life expectancy for 2-wheel and 4-wheel drive tractors were given
as 16 and 10 years, respectively. While that of combines, windrowers, and forage harvesters,
were estimated at 16 years, 13 years, and 11 years, respectively. These estimates were based
on individual manufacturers' estimates, associations' estimates, and ARB staff communications
with equipment dealers.
Lawn and garden equipment populations were estimated using a combination of Census
shipment data for internal combustion engines, shipment data for individual types of lawn and
garden equipment, estimated sales splits to commercial and residential users derived from
information supplied by manufacturers, associations, and estimates of equipment useful lives
and attrition. Three sources of information were used to derive the attrition rates employed by
ARB in that report: 1) uncited Trendex reports concerning walk-behind lawnmowers and riding
mowers/lawn tractors, 2) an uncited Kearney report concerning chainsaws, and 3) attrition
EPA/OAR 3-3 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Simh
Identification and Evaluation <•<
Available Data Sources — Final Rcpun
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
factors supplied by an unidentified major manufacturer of small utility gasoline-powered
engines. The attrition factors used by ARB are shown later in this section in Table 3-3.
The information available in this ARB report on attrition, usage, and other emission parameters
is extremely useful. Although somewhat outdated, ARB's estimates can be used as baseline
data or validation data for estimates derived from other sources.
Radian's 1988 Report to EPA
This report provides some useful information on diesel engines employed in agricultural,
construction, and industrial applications. For this study, agricultural equipment populations
were supplied by EMI (formerly FIEI), while estimates on average horsepower and hours of
usage per year are based on a study conducted by Environmental Research and Technology,
Inc. (ERT) entitled Feasibility, Cost, and Air Quality Impact of Potential Emission Control
Requirements on Farm, Construction, and Industrial Equipment in California (1982). JFA
has been unable to obtain a copy of this ERT report, but we anticipate that useful information
may be available from it since Radian uses their usage and horsepower estimates for
construction and industrial equipment as well. On the other hand, MacKay & Company's
population estimates were used by Radian for construction and industrial equipment.
Radian's report provides no information on sales, scrappage, or engine rebuild/replacement
rates. However, their population, usage, load factor, and horsepower estimates can be used to
compare similar data available from other sources.
EPA/OAR 3-4 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
EEA's 1988 Report to ARE
EEA's report on emissions from heavy-duty construction equipment operating in California is
a good source of independently derived estimates of vintage specific attrition rates and annual
hours of use for the heavy-duty construction category (Le., equipment with engines above 50
horsepower). During the course of that study, EEA conducted a small survey of major
construction contractors, State and local agencies, and equipment rental agencies operating in
California to determine the number of construction vehicles by horsepower ranges owned by
these entities, estimates of typical useful life, and average annual usage data. Between 50 and
60 survey questionnaires were mailed, of which 20 to 25 responses were received by EEA.
Results from the responses indicated the average life of a backhoe/loader to be 10 years, while
that of a roller/compactor to be 9 years. While many contractors reported the average life of
their equipment to be 15-20 years, others reported average equipment lives of 5, 7, or 10 years.
These lower estimates may reflect duration of ownership, rather than useful life, since many
contractors resell their equipment. County and city governments were found to keep their
equipment for much longer periods of time. Based on the information from the survey, EEA
4'
estimated the average life of construction equipment, as an aggregate, to be 13 to 15 years.
EEA also constructed vintage specific attrition and usage rates for this ARB report. Scrappage
rates were based on anecdotal information, and are reproduced (along with usage rates) in
Table 3-1. EEA's scrappage curve shows a mean life of 15 years. EEA's vintage specific
usage rates were also derived from anecdotal information. Construction companies interviewed
by EEA indicated new equipment usage to be extensive in the first 8 to 10 years of its life,
while EEA's survey indicated that equipment older than 20 years was used 700/800 hours per
year, about one-half of the EEA's estimated new equipment usage of 1400 hours per year.
EPA/OAR 3-5 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Table 3-1
CALIFORNIA HEAVY CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
SURVIVAL AND USE RATES BY VINTAGE
EQUIPMENT
VINTAGE
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
EQUIPMENT
SURVIVAL RATE
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30**
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.02
EQUIPMENT USE
HOURS/YEAR
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
Source: Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA)
3-6
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
BAH's 1990 Report to ARB
The technical support document prepared by BAH for ARB's utility and lawn and garden
equipment engines emissions study provides detailed information on national shipment data,
residential versus commercial sales splits, attrition factors, annual hours of usage, and average
horsepowers derived by various sources for the most common types of lawn and garden
equipment. Unfortunately, data on engine rebuild/replacement rates are not available from
BAH's report.
BAH's report provides historical (1981 to 1989).national shipment data for 14 types of lawn
and garden equipment. OPEI's shipment data for walk-behind mowers, front engine riding
mowers, rear engine riding mowers, garden tractors, tillers, and snow throwers were used in
BAH's analysis. Sales estimates for general utility equipment were compiled under the
assumption that general utility engine sales average between 6 percent and 8 percent of the
total lawn and garden sales (Le., shipments) provided by OPEL Finally, national sales
estimates for shredders/grinders, specialized turf care equipment, blowers/vacuums,
edgers/trimmers, and chainsaws were developed from a combination of Census' Current
Industrial Reports — Farm Machinery and Lawn and Garden Equipment — and data obtained
from OPEI's Utility Equipment Market Survey, which reiterates data already presented in
Section 2.2 of this report. Table 3-2 provides BAH's national sales estimates for those
equipment types not presented in Table 2-1.
BAH's report also provides useful information about the breakdown of sales by commercial
and residential (or consumer) end users. BAH analyzed data provided by Briggs & Stratton,
OPEI, ARB, and Heiden Associates to arrive at their estimates. As a summary,
consumer/commercial splits available from various sources are provided below.
EPA/OAR 3-7 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources - Final Report
-------
Table 3-2
U.S. SALES OF SELECTED GASOLINE POWERED ENGINES
LESS THAN 25 HORSEPOWER, 1981-1989
PRODUCT
CATEGORY
GENERAL UTILITY
SHREDDERS/GRINDERS
SPECIALIZED TURF CARE
4-CYC BLOWERS/VACUUMS
4-CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2-CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2-CYC BLOWERS/VACUUMS
CHAIN SAWS
YEARS
1981
640,083
19,443
10,620
9,776
143,986
308,595
285,682
1 ,323,800
1982
621 ,696
16,330
14,168
10,103
184,363
568,131
525,948
1 ,560,249
1983
610,184
23,239
12,688
3,996
169,916
717,279
664,022
1,261,545
1984
689,620
34,229
14,277
8,598
141,100
828,000
766,522
1,121,000
1985
727,678
55,770
24,952
5,742
164,313
1,713,000
1,124,579
1,252,000
1986
754.936
67.21 1
49,015
9,630
136.500
1.847.000
951 ,472
1,152,000
1987
827,070
59,454
24,359
10,285
153,600
2,102,000
991 ,854
1,193.000
1988
806,910
72,330
38.046
14,323
170,400
2,314.000
1,393,710
1,155,000
1989
765,074
77.405
31,108
16,342
185,888
2,542,000
950,868
1,294,000
SOURCE: BAH
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1
February 1993
Estimates of Consumer Sales as a
Percentage of Total Sales
Product Category
Walk-Behind Mowers
Riding Mowers
Tillers
General Utility
Chainsaws
Misc. L & G Equip.
Misc. 2-Strokes
Briggs
90%
75%
60%
50%
N/A
50%
N/A
OPEI
90%
100%
60%
0%
N/A
60%
N/A
ARB
90%
75%
50%
50%
90%
90%
N/A
Heiden
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
75%
N/A
85%
BAH
88%
95%
60%
25%
75%
60%
85%
The attrition factors used by BAH to estimate equipment populations and emissions were taken
directly from ARB's 1983 report entitled Status Report: Emissions Inventory on Non-Farm
(MS-1), Farm (MS-2), and Lawn and Garden (Utility) (MS-3) Equipment and are shown in
Table 3-3. In addition, some useful comparisons between various estimates of average
lifespans are made in the BAH report.
The BAH report also provides useful information on 2-stroke versus 4-stroke splits, annual use,
load factors, and average horsepowers for the equipment types included in their study. BAH's
estimates are based on data available from OPEI, CIC Research, ARB, and Heiden Associates.
Table 3-4 summarizes BAH's estimates of these parameters.
EPA/OAR
3-9 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation
-------
Table 3-3
RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL ATTRITION FACTORS
FOR SELECTED LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT
RESIDENTIAL USE ATTRITION FACTORS
PRODUCT
CATEGORY
WALK BEHIND MOWERS
RIDING MOWER (FRT ENG)
RIDING MOWER (REAR ENG)
GARDEN TRACTOR
TILLERS
SNOWTHOWERS
GENERAL UTILITY
SHREDDERS/GRINDERS
4-CYC BLOWERS/VACUUMS
4CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2-CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2CYC-BLOWERS/VACUUMS
CHAIN SAWS
YEARS
1961
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.14
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.07
0.07
0.07
1982
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.23
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.16
0.16
0.16
1983
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.24
0.24
0.24
1984
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.42
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.37
0.37
0.37
1985
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.54
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.59
0.59
0.59
1986
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.69
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.83
0.83
0.83
1987
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.83
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.94
0.94
0.94
1988
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.94
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.98
0.98
0.98
1989
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
IMPLIED AVERAGE
LIFESPAN
7.04
7.04
7.04
7.04
7.04
5.41
7.04
7.04
7.04
7.04
5.21
5.21
5.21
-------
Table 3-3, cont.
COMMERCIAL USE ATTRITION FACTORS
PRODUCT
CATEGORY
WALK BEHIND MOWERS
RIDING MOWER (FRT ENG)
RIDING MOWER (REAR ENG)
GARDEN TRACTOR
TILLERS
SNOWTHOWERS
GENERAL UTILITY
SHREDDERS/GRINDERS
SPECIALIZED TURF CARE
4-CYC BLOWERS/VACUUMS
4CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2-CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2CYC-BLOWERS/VACUUMS
CHAIN SAWS
YEARS
1981
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.04
1982
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.08
1983
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.10
1984
0.07
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.42
0.42
0.01
0.42
0.18
0.07
0.07
0.01
0.01
0.00
1985
0.10
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.54
0.54
0.07
0.54
0.32
0.10
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.00
1986
0.24
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.69
0.69
0.24
0.69
0.48
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.00
1987
0.48
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.83
0.83
0.59
0.83
0.69
0.48
0.48
0.59
0.59
0.00
1988
0.79
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.89
0.79
0.79
0.94
0.79
0.33
1989
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
IMPLIED AVERAGE
LIFESPAN
2.68
3.78
3.78
3.78
5.41
5.41
2.85
5.41
3.78
2.68
2.68
2.85
2.85
1.33
NOTEtATTRITION RATES FOR ALL EQUIPMENT ARE TAKEN FROM ARB'S 1983 OFF-ROAD EMISSION INVENTORY REPORT.
ATTRITION RATES FOR COMMERCIAL CHAINSAWS HOWEVER ARE BASED ON INTERVIEWS WITH EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS.
SOURCE: BAH
-------
Table 3-4
2-STROKE vs. 4-STROKE SALE SPLITS, HORSEPOWER,
LOAD FACTOR AND USAGE DATA FOR
LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT
PRODUCT
CATEGORY
WALK BEHIND MOWERS
RIDING MOWERS (FRT ENG)
RIDING MOWERS (REAR ENG)
GARDEN TRACTORS
TILLERS
SNOWTHROWERS
GENERAL UTILITY
SHREDDERS/GRINDERS
SPECIALIZED TURF CARE
4-CYC BLOWERS/VACUUMS
4-CYC EDGERS/TRIMMERS
2-CYC BLOWERS/TRIMMERS
2-CYC BLOWERS/VACUUMS
CHAIN SAWS
RESIDENTIAL
PERCENT
4 CYCLE
93%
1 00%
100%
1 00%
1 00%
95%
95%
95%
1 00%
100%
0%
0%
0%
PERCENT
2 CYCLE
7%
0%
0%
0%
0%
5%
5%
5%
0%
0%
100%
100%
100%
AVG.
HP
3.5
13.0
10.0
15.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
0.8
0.8
1.5
LOAD
FACTOR
36%
42%
38%
60%
40%
35%
50%
36%
36%
36%
50%
50%
50%
ANNUAL
HRS U$E
PER YEAR
20.0
38.0
38.0
56.0
18.0
10.0
5.0
16.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
7.0
PERCENT
4 CYCLE
85%
100%
100%
100%
100%
95%
95%
95%
90%
100%
100%
0%
0%
0%
PERCENT
2 CYCLE
15%
0%
0%
0%
0%
5%
5%
5%
10%
0%
0%
100%
100%
100%
COMMERCIAL
AVG.
HP
4
14
11
17
6
6
10
12
12
8
5
2
3
4
LOAD
FACTOR
36%
42%
38%
60%
40%
35%
50%
36%
50%
36%
36%
50%
50%
50%
ANNUAL
HRS USE
PER YEAR
320
380
380
180
72
60
96
190
800
190
190
170
275
405
Source: BAH
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 v February 1993
3.3 MACKAY & COMPANY DATA
(CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MAGAZINE)
One of the most referred to sources for information on construction equipment populations,
usage, and scrappage is Construction Equipment magazine's report on the Universe of
Construction Equipment. The data appearing in this report was compiled by MacKay &
Company through a four step process designed to determine the operating universe for 37
categories of construction equipment operating in the U.S., as well as average age, annual
hourly usage, and ownership patterns.
The first step was to determine the number of firms in the operating universe by SIC code.
The primary reference was the U.S. Census of Construction and Census of Mines. In addition
to Census data, MacKay & Company relied on input from trade associations about the number
and types of firms that operate construction equipment.
The second step was a detailed review of government and industry data on production, exports,
and imports of specific equipment types, thereby allowing MacKay & Company to estimate
the number of units placed in service in the U.S.
Third, MacKay & Company conducted a relatively extensive mail survey. Questionnaires were
sent to the magazine's subscribers identified to be equipment users, to residential and light
commercial builders who receive Professional Builder magazine, and to rental dealers and
distributors. Responses allowed MacKay & Company to determine equipment acquisition
patterns, type of ownership (i.e., own, lease, or rent), purchases of new versus used equipment.
life expectancies that are applied to their estimates of units placed in service, and machine
usage by type of application and fleet size as measured by the replacement value of a firm's
EPA/OAR 3-13 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Sim/\
Identification and Evaluation <•/
Available Data Sources — Final Kc/><"i
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1
February 1993
construction equipment. A total of 16,750 questionnaires were mailed out for the latest version
of this study on October 3, 1990. Overall, more than 5,000 responses were received,
equivalent to a 32.9 percent response rate. Six questionnaires were developed and sent out.
Three of the six were targeted at equipment end-users identified through Construction
Equipment magazine subscribers. One questionnaire was targeted at residential and commercial
builders identified from Professional Builder magazine. Two other questionnaires were sent
to rental dealers and distributors to assure that rental equipment are not double counted in the
sampling process. In effect, each questionnaire was different in content and can be regarded
as an independent survey from the others, although together they account for MacKay &
Company's sample universe of construction equipment operators. A detailed distribution of
the total respondents by audience is provided below:
Questionnaire
1
2
3
4
5
6
: ••£. ,-T6tal,':>'-:v- ;.
Audience
End-users
End-users
End-users
Builders
Distributors
Rental Dealers
Respondents
872
860
2,702
248
405
434
. ;.-5,52r:;, .;
Response Rate
38.1%
38.9%
33.7%
9.9%
46.2%
49.6%
: 32,9%
The fourth and final step included the development of machine profiles by vocation and fleet
size for each equipment type. By comparing MacKay & Company's study results with
Construction Equipment's supplemental firm audit conducted by Business Publications Audit.
EPA/OAR
3-14 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition St\ul\
Identification and Evaluation «l
Available Data Sources -- Final Rcpon
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
a profile of machines operated by Construction Equipment reader firms was developed. It
should be noted, however, that MacKay & Company's sample universe by definition does not
account for all companies that own or use all types of construction equipment. As EMI has
argued, for instance, backhoe loaders and skid steer loaders are often employed in agricultural
applications. But since the survey process accounts for all units in rental fleets, then if firms
outside the sample universe rent construction equipment, then that firm's equipment are
included in MacKay & Company's estimates.
Table 3-5 shows the equipment types included in the 1987 and 1991 MacKay studies. Both
studies cover virtually the same equipment types, although the 1991 study added Aerial Work
Platforms and All Terrain Cranes. The 1987 study used a three-step rather than a four step
methodology. However, the same issues were basically investigated and the same survey
process was employed as in the 1991 study ~ the 1991 study was an update to the 1987 study.
The methodology of the 1987 study was as follows:
Phase 1: Detailed analysis of machine production and import/export data for
the past two decades.
Phase 2: Identification of the distribution of each type of machine according
to user-fleet size and vocation.
• Phase 3: Performance of accuracy checks comparing data and assumptions with
those of major equipment marketers.
MacKay & Company's study is only available through Construction Equipment magazine, the
owner of the actual study. The non-advertiser price for the latest 7997 Universe Study is
EPA/OAR 3-15 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Table 3-5
EQUIPMENT TYPES INCLUDED IN
MACKAY AND COMPANY'S STUDIES
1991 STUDY
1987 STUDY
EARTHMOVING
BacMioe Loaders
Crawler Dozers
Crawler Loaders
Hydraulic Excavators
Crawler-Mounted
Wheel-Mounted
Truck-Mounted Telescopic
Motor Graders
Articulated
Rigid Frame
Off-Highway Haulers
Articulated Dumps
Straight Dumps
Tractor-Trailer Rear/Side Dumps
Scrapers
Conventional/Open Bowl
Elevating
Skid-Steer Loaders
Trenchers
Chain Type
Wheel-Type
Wheel Loaders
LIFTING
Aerial Work Plattforma
All-Terrain Cranes
Hydraulic Truck Cranes
Knuckleboom Cranes, Truck-Mounted
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
Lattice-Boom Truck-Mounted Cranes
Rough-Terrain Cranes
Rough-Terrain Forklifts
Telescopic
Vertical Mast
Telescopic Cranes, Truck-Mounted
Tower Cranes
PAVING
Asphalt Pavers
Concrete Pavers
Slab
Slipform
Combination
Concrete Pumps
Trailer-or Skid-Mounted
Truck-Mounted
Planers & Profilers
Crawler-Mounted
Wheel-Mounted
Rollers & Compactors
EARTHMOVING
Tractor Backhoe-Loaders
Crawler Dozers
Loaders
Skid-Steer
Crawler-Type
Wheel-Type
Excavators
Wheel-Type
Crawler-Type
Truck-Mounted/Telescoping
Graders
Rigid-Frame
Articulated
Compactors
vibrating
Non-Vibrating
Scrapers
Conventional
Elevating
Trenchers
Chain-Type
Wheel-Type
Off-Road Haulers
Rigid-Frame, Rear-Dump
Articulated, Rear-Dump
Bottom/Side-Dump Tractor Trailers
LIFTING AND HOISTING EQUIPMENT
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes
Hydraulic Truck Cranes
Self-Propelled Rough-Terrain Cranes
Tower Cranes
Truck-Mounted Knuckle-Boom Cranes
Truck-Mounted Telescopic Cranes
Rough-Terrain Forklifts
Vertical Mast
Telescopic Boom
PAVING AND MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Concrete Pumps
Truck-Mounted
Trailer-Mounted
Skid-Mounted
Rollers
Single-Drum
Double-Drum
Rubber-Tired
Asphalt Pavers
Crawler
Rubber-Tired
Towed
Concrete Pavers and Slipformers
Slab Pavers
Curb/Gutter Median Slipform Pavers
Combination Slab and Slipform Pavers
Planer/Profilers
Crawl er- Mounted
Rubber-Tired
Crushing Plants
Screening Plants
3-16
-------
Jack Faucett Associates ~ 444-1 February 1993
$6,000. According to Construction Equipment magazine, this price includes copies of the
questionnaires and a 24 page brochure summarizing the results of the study (the brochure can
be purchased separately for $300). In order to conduct a detailed examination of the data
presented in MacKay & Company's study, the full study would have to be purchased. Such
an evaluation would help to validate other data sources and would assure industry that all
considerations were given to the data that they seem to support.
3.4 FIELD SOURCES
Given the scarcity of information on engine rebuild/replacement rates and scrappage from
conventional sources, JFA contacted equipment rental firms, parts distributors, equipment
retailers, equipment service and repair firms, lawn maintenance companies, contractors, and
local government agencies to determine whether or not these organizations have conducted
studies or surveys on nonroad equipment usage, attrition, and/or maintenance. These so called
"field" sources of data can provide valuable anecdotal information which can be used to
validate statistics derived from estimation methodologies.
None of the field sources that were contacted by JFA had performed studies or surveys on
those issues relevant to the parameters needed for an emissions model. However, some
interesting anecdotal information was obtained that highlights the types of data that are
available from these sources.
Equipment Rental Firms: The extent of information that is available from
these organizations is limited to anecdotal accounts of usage and life expectancy.
Information on engine rebuild/replacement is less available given that rental
firms often resell their equipment before major overhauls or engine replacements
EPA/OAR 3-17 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Fancett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
are performed. However, these firms often maintain detailed records of their
equipment describing age and usage. For example, Mr. Pratt of Walter S. Pratt
and Sons stated that their pumps and compressors see between 400 and 1000
annual hours of use, while Wayne Stabaugh of Rental Tools & Equipment Co.
noted that estimates on life expectancy could be generated for the firms
inventory of equipment. In general, rental firms suggested that, as expected, life
expectancy depends on maintenance practices. The types of equipment that are
represented by rental firms cover a large portion of the spectrum of nonroad
equipment and vehicles including chainsaws, commercial lawnmowers, air
compressors, pumps, generators, welders, tractors, and other types of
construction, industrial, and agricultural equipment.
• Parts Distributors: JFA contacted parts distributors in an effort to obtain
information on engine rebuild/replacement rates. These firms only maintain an
inventory of parts and do not generate data on any of the parameters relevant to
this study.
• Equipment Retailers: Although major equipment retailers conduct product
testing, life of the engine or chassis is not a variable that they analyze. As with
parts distributors, this field source is not a source of relevant information.
• Equipment Service and Repair Firms: Service and repair firms provided
helpful insights about the factors that affect engine life. For example, a contact
at Honda Engine Sales and Repair noted that the life expectancy of an engine
depends on various factors such as engine size, fuel type, use environment, and
maintenance. Scott Johns of Mower Medic noted that commercial mowers
EPA/OAR 3-18 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
commonly accumulate about 500 hours of use between services, while
residential type mowers accumulate 300 hours of use before service is
performed. The difference may reflect differences in design characteristics, as
commercial mowers typically are built for more rugged applications and employ
larger engines. On a similar note, Honda Engine Sales and Repair suggested
that large diesel engines (such as those found in heavy-duty construction or
agricultural equipment) often exhibit a useful life of 10,000 to 12,000 hours,
while smaller gasoline (or diesel) engines are designed to only last for
approximately 2,000 hours.
The information available from this type of field source is limited to anecdotal
data that varies from one firm to another depending on experience and the brand
of products that are serviced. While equipment service and repair firms can
provide useful anecdotal information on usage and expected life spans, it is
unlikely, from our contacts, that any firm has conducted a formal, scientific
study or survey on usage, scrappage, or engine rebuild/replacement.
• Lawn Maintenance Companies: Field information about the usage
characteristics of lawn and garden equipment can be obtained through
discussions with lawn maintenance companies. However, information from this
source is anecdotal rather than based on scientific studies or surveys. For
instance, a representative from Chemlawn suggested that their lawnmowers are
operated on average between 40 and 50 hours per week. At this rate, if the
engine lasts for three years then the company's best expectations have been met
with respect to life expectancy. Chemlawn purchases new equipment and scraps
equipment at the end of their useful lives.
EPA/OAR 3-19 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation a
Available Data Sources — Final Rc/mri
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
Local country clubs also provided anecdotal information on lawn maintenance
practices and equipment. The superintendent at the Kenwood Golf and Country
Club noted, for example, that the club's lawn maintenance equipment is often
resold after four years of use, although riding mowers see 6 to 10 years of use
before major rebuild and resale.
• Contractors: The field source that most directly represents the types of
equipment used in construction applications is contractors. As with other field
sources, however, contractors only provide anecdotal accounts of equipment
usage and useful life. For example, Driggs Corporation, a large construction
contractor in the Washington, D.C. area, noted that on average their engines
operate from 8 to 10 thousand hours before repairs are performed, while some
machines see 17 to 22 thousand hours of use in their lifetime (accounting for
periodic maintenance). Driggs' equipment are usually resold after 4 to 6 years
of service. Finally, Driggs noted that the firm maintains detailed records for
each equipment type from which maintenance data can be constructed.
According to Driggs, Fleet Owners Magazine lists 500 contractors who own
approximately 20 million dollars worth of equipment and likely maintain
detailed records on each piece of machinery. Contractors are, therefore,
potentially a good field source of maintenance data on construction equipment.
But, none of the contractors that were contacted by JFA have compiled or
documented their data into a format that is publicly available or readily
applicable to an emissions analysis.
• Government Agencies/Departments: Local and Federal government agencies.
such as the National Park Service, often own, use and maintain various types of
EPA/OAR 3-20 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition StmJv
Identification and Evaluation tif
Available Data Sources — Final Re-part
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-. February 1993
nonroad equipment. JFA contacted a number of local government agencies —
including the Maryland Department of Transportation (road construction
equipment), the Virginia Department of Transportation (road construction
equipment), and the California Parks Equipment Management division (light
commercial/industrial, lawn and garden, and recreational equipment) — and
various Federal agencies to determine the types of relevant data that are
available on usage, scrappage, and rebuild/replacement rates. In general, local
or State governments maintain detailed inventories of equipment from which
vintage and maintenance profiles can be constructed. However, equipment are
often resold rather than scrapped so that expected life spans are difficult to
develop from these inventories or records.
Federal agencies also maintained detailed equipment inventories. Unlike local
or State governments, however, many federal agencies use equipment until the
equipment's useful life has been fully expended. So, life expectancy estimates
can be derived from their records. In fact, the National Park Service has
developed a manual (of which a copy was not available) on the recommended
retirement stages for self-propelled vehicles. However, most of these vehicles
are registered for on-highway use.
Although field sources are a source for anecdotal information on nonroad equipment usage,
scrappage, and maintenance practices, it is unlikely that any of the field sources outlined above
have developed scientific or survey based estimates on emission parameters that arc
representative of nationwide or regional in-use nonroad equipment fleets. Furthermore.
anecdotal information often varies substantially from one specific contact to another signifying
the uncertainty of estimates derived from this approach. However, ranges can be formulated
EPA/OAR 3-21 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
from anecdotal information on usage, scrappage, and rebuild practices that can be used as
reality checks on data provided by other sources.
3.5 CENSUS DATA
Product specific shipment data are available from the Bureau of Census' Current Industrial
Reports for Construction Machinery (Form MA35D), Farm Machinery and Lawn and Garden
Equipment (Form MA35A), Pumps and Compressors (Form MA35P), Motors and Generators
(Form MA36H), and Internal Combustion Engines (Form MA35L). No other Current
Industrial Reports (CIR's) relevant to nonroad equipment and engines are developed or
maintained by Census.
Generally, CIR's are constructed from Census surveys covering all firms engaged in the
manufacturing of the products in question. For example, the survey from which the CIR for
Farm and Lawn and Garden Equipment is derived covers firms engaged in the manufacture of
farm machinery and lawn and garden equipment. Only very small firms (generally less than
5 employees) are excluded.
The figures presented in CIR's on quantity and value of shipments represent physical shipments
of all products sold, transferred to other establishments of the same company, or shipped on
consignment, whether for domestic or export sale. Shipment data are available for many
product codes specifying well defined equipment types. For instance, some of the products
included in the CIR for Construction Machinery are:
Product Code 35311 00: off-highway wheel tractors including wheel tractors for use
as towing units, rubber tired dozers, and self-propelled wheeled log skidders
EPA/OAR • 3-22 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Rcpon
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
Product Code 35316 00: mixers pavers, and related equipment including concrete
mixers, pavement reclaimers/planers, asphalt plants, and other types of equipment
Product Code 35318 00: scrappers, graders, rollers, and off-highway trucks.Shipments
are broken down by horsepower range, and specific data is provided for export
shipments.
Similarly, the CIR for Farm Machinery and Lawn and Garden Equipment includes detailed
shipment data for lawnmowers, lawn tractors and riding mowers, garden tractors, turf tractors,
combines, windrowers or swathers, wheel tractors (farm type), and many other types of related
equipment.
A complete and thorough compilation of historical shipment statistics available from the
relevant CIR's requires extensive resources. No such compilations were derived for this study,
and JFA knows of no studies that have undertaken this task. However, Current Industrial
Reports (CIR's), published annually by the Bureau of the Census, have extensive, publicly
available data on product shipments which can be used as a benchmark figure for comparison
purposes with other shipment or sales estimates. In addition, the reports contain export/import
information, although not at a disaggregate level (e.g., by horsepower range). According to
the U.S. Department of Commerce, these reports "present timely data on the production.
inventories, and orders of approximately 4,400 products, which represent 30 percent of all U.S.
manufacturing".
For CIR's relevant to this study, data is collected from mail surveys of firms operating within
an industry. Approximately 1,200 companies were surveyed for the CIR covering Farm
Machinery and Lawn and Garden Equipment, while this figure was 270 for Construction
Machinery CIR, 350 for the Pumps and Compressors CIR, and 250 for the Motors and
Generators CIR.
EPA/OAR 3-23 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Snul\
Identification and Evaluation ,ii
Available Data Sources — Final Rcfuri
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
As mentioned above, within each CIR, data on quantity and value of shipments are broken
down according to product codes. These specific figures, which measure shipments of all
goods sold, transferred, or shipped, do not differentiate between goods exported or sold
domestically. CIR's also include data on the number of companies that manufacture a given
product and, in some cases, these products are listed by horsepower range. In addition, data
on engine type are also included, although these data are sometimes grouped with other engine
types (e.g., shipments for electric nonriding mowers are grouped with rotary gas nonriding
mowers). Product information based on engine cycle (e.g., two stroke vs. four stroke) is not
given. As a result, data can be obtained based on both the engine type and horsepower of a
product, although availability of this data varies considerably.
Errors in the estimates provided in CIR's could exist as a result of factors such as response
errors, definitional problems, and data entering. To correct for nonrespondents and late
reporters, estimates are made for missing data based on respondents' annual movements in
shipments. This estimation process is limited for most data cells to 10 percent total shipments.
If more than 10 percent of shipments are estimated in this manner, then Census suggests that
the estimate should be interpreted with caution. In certain cases, data indicating production
figures for individual companies are withheld, while data on quantity of shipments that are
inconsistent with value of shipment figures are not included. Although such errors appear to
cast doubt on the accuracy of the data in the CIR's, the Bureau of the Census notes that such
nonsampling errors are common in most survey procedures.
CIR's are available at a minimal cost (about $1 per copy), and can be obtained for years as tar
back as the I970's. Appendix D provides copies of the most recent (Le., 1991) CIR's for
construction, farm machinery and lawn and garden equipment, pumps and compressors, and
motors and generators.
EPA/OAR 3-24 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Siinh
Identification and Evaluation < •/
Available Data Sources — Final Rcf<>n
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
As shown by the CIR's appearing in Appendix D, information is also available on both the
value and quantity of exports and imports for different products. These data are not organized
based on product codes but on the Harmonized System (HS). As a result, export/import
information does not have the same level of detail as shipment information. For example, no
trade data is given for snowthrowers or leafblowers. Breakdowns based on horsepower range
and, in most cases, engine type, are generally not included in trade data, however. The data
has additional limitations; trade data on lawn and garden products such as lawn mowers and
garden tractors are not given for 1989 or 1990. For 1990, no table is given comparing product
codes with product descriptions for the CIR covering Farm Machinery and Lawn and Garden
Equipment.
The deficiencies with the shipment estimates that are available in CIR's are minimal. CIR's
are an inexpensive, publicly available source of detailed shipment estimates that should be used
as benchmarks against which estimates derived by independent sources can be compared.
Therefore, JFA recommends that future effort be expended to organize CIR shipment data in
a manner that can be easily applied to an emission analysis.
EPA/OAR 3-25 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444- February 1993
SECTION 4:
POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
4.1 OVERVIEW
Power Systems Research, Inc. (PSR) is a global market research and consulting company
which provides information to organizations in the power equipment industry including engine
and component manufacturers, original equipment manufacturers, government agencies, and
financial institutions. PSR compiles data for approximately 80 types of mobile nonroad
equipment and engines used in lawn and gardening, agricultural, construction, industrial, and
other applications.
PSR's data were the basis for emission inventory estimates developed under EPA's NEVES
(specifically, Inventory A emission estimates). For that study, national population estimates
by fuel type and 2-stroke versus 4-stroke splits were purchased from PSR for 79 types of
nonroad equipment. PSR's data on national and regional average annual hours of use, load
factors, and average horsepowers by fuel type were also employed to determine NEVES'
Inventory A emission estimates. PSR's State-level equipment populations were used by EEA
to distribute equipment to the various nonattainment areas included in EPA's study. Not
surprisingly, PSR's data have been, and continue to be, vigorously scrutinized by nonroad
engine and equipment industry members.
Nevertheless, PSR is the only known source of comprehensive and detailed data on nonroad
engines and equipment. Through over 15 years of research, PSR has developed various
databases that provide detailed historical information on engine sales and specifications,
equipment populations, and part consumption profiles. Databases maintained by PSR that
EPA/OAR 4-1 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
contain information which can be used to develop the data matrices on emission parameters
necessary for a nonroad emissions inventory forecasting model include Engindata and
Aftermarket.
Engindata contains annual shipments of engines with power ratings up to 1,000
horsepower. Engine shipments are available by calendar year, manufacturer,
engine model, and market application (Le., equipment type) for every domestic
and imported engine marketed in the United States and Canada.
• Aftermarket contains current population statistics for all 1 to 1,000 horsepower
gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and LPG engines by State, county, engine
manufacturer and model, and market application sold in North America. This
database is constructed from historical sales data contained in Engindata. To
arrive at current-year equipment population estimates, a scrappage function is
applied to the historical sales data. PSR has also developed a scheme used in
Aftermarket that distributes national equipment populations to the State and
county levels. This scheme is based on activity indices derived from Census
data.
This section provides a review and evaluation of the statistics that are available from these PSR
databases. PSR's methodologies to compile engine/equipment sales data, attrition rates,
equipment populations, parts consumption profiles, and geographic equipment distributions are
reviewed and evaluated. In addition, insights are provided on the feasibility of using PSR data
as the basis for the matrices required for an emission forecasting model.
EPA/OAR 4-2 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
4.2 ENGINE AND EQUIPMENT SALES ESTIMATES
PSR's methodology to estimate equipment populations begins with a detailed profile of engine
sales and engine installations. Sales, or shipment, statistics are gathered from dealers, product
literature, annual reports of engine and equipment manufacturers, industry publications
providing periodic equipment or engine shipments, U.S. Commerce data such as those found
in CIR's, and continuous contact with original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) who provide
PSR with annual engine installations. From product literature, PSR identifies which engines
go in which equipment types, and hence estimate annual engine/equipment sales at the national
level.
A detailed, step-by-step description of PSR's engine sales and installations estimation
methodology, by equipment type, was not available from PSR. However, discussions and
meetings with PSR have provided some insight on the specifics of the process that is used to
derive sales estimates.
First, for equipment types used in construction, agriculture, industrial, and commercial
applications (Le., medium-duty and heavy-duty equipment), PSR mostly relies on information
that is obtained from their industry contacts and information that available publicly from
manufacturers or industry associations. The detail of information on engine sales, installations,
and equipment sales provided to PSR by engine manufacturers and OEM's is highly variable.
Some manufacturers and OEM's are very forthcoming with information, while others provide
little or no data. However, PSR maintains, for example, that manufacturers are generally very
cooperative, or open, when discussing a competitor's sales volume and market share. So it is
possible to arrive at sales numbers for a particular manufacturer through information provided
EPA/OAR 4-3 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
by a competitor. Clearly, this approach is anecdotal in nature and can lead to estimation errors.
Note, however, that this is only one approach in the process that is employed by PSR.
Second, PSR's relationship with lawn and garden equipment/engines manufacturers and OEM's
is not as well developed as for other types of equipment. As a result, PSR heavily relies on
publicly available sales information from industry associations, product literature, U.S.
Commerce, and other public sources to derive engine sales statistics and engine
installations/equipment type relationships for the lawn and garden market.
Third, once all available sources of information have been investigated, PSR fills data holes
through analysis and relies on their experience and extensive knowledge of engine and
equipment markets.
Finally, after independent estimates of engine sales and installations by equipment type have
been generated by PSR, the estimates are compared to publicly available benchmark figures.
This sales data validation technique involves comparisons of PSR derived estimates with
shipment data available from other sources, such as industry associations, Current Industrial
Reports, and other Commerce data. According to PSR, a benchmark figure for each equipment
type is derived from an analysis of shipment data available through alternative sources. PSR
then compares this benchmark to the estimate produced through the process described above.
PSR's estimates are adjusted to reflect a difference of plus or minus 5 percent from the
benchmark figure. According to PSR, however, for cases in which there is a large discrepancy
between the estimate and the benchmark, PSR further investigates the issue through additional
contact with manufacturers and the Commerce Department. Although Commerce cannot reveal
information about specific manufacturers, it apparently will indicate if PSR is missing data
from manufacturers of specific equipment types. These benchmark numbers have not been
EPA/OAR 4-4 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
provided by PSR, but preliminary analysis of Engindata sales estimates suggests that for some
equipment types — such as rear engine riding mowers, snow throwers, and chainsaws (see
Table 4-3) — PSR's sales are off by more than 20 percent when compared to shipment statistics
provided by industry associations, such as OPEI and PPEMA. Unfortunately, PSR will not
provide their benchmark data for any of the equipment types that they track. Concerns about
the ease in which a competitor could obtain the benchmark information preclude PSR from
doing so.
PSR's methodology to estimate engine sales and the distribution of engine installations by
equipment type results with independent estimates by equipment type, engine manufacturer,
and engine model. These estimates are maintained in Engindata, which includes historical
sales data for calendar years dating back to 1973, although PSR has suggested that they attach
a lower degree of confidence to their pre-1978 estimates.
In Engindata, the term "sales" refers to: the delivery of North American produced or imported
loose engines to an OEM, either through a distributor or factory direct channels; the delivery
of a piece of equipment containing a North American produced captive engine to the
distributor; or the delivery of a packaged or retrofitted engine by a North American distributor
to the user. Note that this definition of sales includes exports of North American produced
loose engines, but excludes imports of equipment with installed engines. The exclusion of
imports with installed engines presents an obstacle to the derivation of an accurate and
complete compendium of engines and equipment consumed in North America or the United
States. For example, all off-highway motorcycles consumed in the U.S. are imported from
other countries (notably Japan) with installed engines. Therefore, sales estimates for this
recreational equipment type are equal to zero in Engindata.
EPA/OAR 4-5 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation />/
Available Data Sources — Final Kc/>»n
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
PSR refers to imports of engines already installed in equipment as captive imports. Although
details on how the absence of captive imports influences the estimates contained within
Engindata have not been provided by PSR, discussions with PSR's staff have proven helpful.
While captive engines are not accounted for in Engindata, PSR has developed a database on
captive import sales from data available through Commerce on U.S. exports/imports of relevant
products. This captive import database is used by PSR along with sales data contained in
Engindata to develop equipment population estimates for PSR's Aftermarket database
(Aftermarket is discussed later in this section). Details on the types of equipment profiled by
PSR's captive import database, or other relevant information, were not available from PSR.
Nevertheless, the fact remains that sales estimates in Engindata do not fully reflect the total
consumption of engines in the North American market.
Another issue which has not been fully or adequately resolved by PSR concerns Engindata's
inclusion of engine sales to the Canadian market. As with captive imports, the importance of
Canadian sales for each application has not been addressed by PSR. Although PSR has
suggested that the Canadian share of engine sales for most equipment types is negligible, from
an emissions modeling perspective only U.S. engine consumption is relevant. As a result, it
is imperative that the Canadian sales share be determined for each equipment type in
Engindata. However, PSR has not provided any data for this purpose, and will likely not do
so in the immediate future. With these caveats in mind, Tables 4-1 and 4-2 present PSR's
sales estimates for gasoline powered equipment and diesel powered equipment for 1985
through 1992.
Table 4-3 provides comparisons of PSR's sales estimates and OPEI's and PPEMA's shipment
estimates for selected lawn and garden equipment. Some of the differences shown in the table
between PSR and industry may reflect differences in definition. For example, it is unclear
EPA/OAR 4-f> Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Table 4-1
ENGINDATA GASOLINE SALES
(0 to 1000 HP)
EQUIPMENT TYPE
J-WHEEL TRACTORS
SERIAL LIFTS
i\G MOWERS
\G TRACTOR
MR COMPRESSORS
AIRCRAFT SUPPORT
IVLL-TERRAIN VEHICLES
3ALERS
SORE/DRILL RIGS
:EM/MTR MIXERS
SHAINSAWS
SHIPPERS/GRINDERS
COMBINES
X5MM TURF
:ONCRETE/IND SAWS
CRANES
3RUSH/PROC EQUIP
DUMPERS/TENDERS
EXCAVATORS
:OREST EQUIP
:ORKLIFTS
;RONT MOWERS
3ENTR SETS
3OLF CARTS
SRADERS
KYD POWER UNIT
-EAF BLOW/VACS
.N MOWERS
.N/GDN TRACTORS
.T PLANTS/SIGNAL BDS
YIINI-8IKES
OTH AG/EQ
DTH CONST
DTH GEN INDUST
3TH LN GDN
DTH MAT HD
'AVERS
'AVING EQ
'LATE COMPACTORS
3R£S WASHERS
3UMPS
VT LOADER
1EAR ENG RIDER
ROLLERS
1OUGH TRN FORKLFTS
5/S LOADER
5CRUB/SWPR
SHREDDERS
3NOWBLOWER
SNOWMOBILE
5PEC VEH/CARTS
SPRAYERS
SURFACING EQUIP
3WATHERS
TAMPERS/RAMMERS
TERMINAL TRACTORS
FILLERS
FRAC/LDR/BCKHOE
TRENCHERS
TRIM/EDGE/CUTTER
WELDERS
WOOD SPLTR
1985
3,787
2,742
1,279
63
46,803
869
72,206
202
647
12.779
1,079,143
6,033
20
1 1 7,392
11,281
389
90
1,314
0
0
8,486
0
260,536
30,250
0
2,848
226,390
5,331 ,562
577,848
551
0
300
224
6,346
34,651
127
594
23,454
6,047
25,677
118,602
629
280,974
3,120
599
5,908
5,159
1 1 ,446
546,420
68,403
16,018
14,962
10,281
1,882
2,122
899
336,578
18
5,878
2,224.827
32.644
44.120
CALENDAR
1986 198T
3,393
3,737
1,262
0
48,752
943
59,812
71
737
14,906
915,343
6,315
6
133,111
11,588
370
93
1,333
0
0
7,266
0
281,457
31 ,928
0
3,351
188,282
5,488,945
787,953
382
0
154
228
6,583
34,899
109
570
24,259
6,445
36,397
128,493
666
348,703
2,543
623
4.664
5,276
1 2.956
603,286
69,241
18,976
14.237
10,247
940
2,689
1,004
322.252
0
4.976
2.762.680
34,973
29.065
2,627
5,335
1,190
0
49,484
1,024
55,705
60
721
20,271
813,062
6,503
0
148,981
13,667
346
87
1,359
0
0
7,400
1.401
327,712
33,609
0
3,780
287,138
5,900,094
971,584
386
0
131
221
6,835
35,682
113
614
24,903
6.781
48,081
137,039
690
452,244
2,538
603
5.429
5.725
18.983
628.620
81.010
20,073
14,445
10,685
638
3,218
1.068
302.109
0
5.S74
3.019.024
40.401
13.413
YEAR SALES
1988 1989
2,030
6,623
1,022
0
47,446
946
57,604
67
642
20,030
954,232
6,702
0
184,682
15,340
352
146
1,416
0
0
6,322
34,398
381 ,323
44,248
0
4,233
307,271
5,672,242
996,047
408
0
340
232
6,734
33,898
110
644
24,184
• 7,332
57,131
150.120
696
423,018
2,791
562
5.323
6.243
28,598
646,217
100,625
19,310
17,661
10,487
348
3.265
1,141
322.472
0
5.513
2,999.288
45,916
10,258
1,766
6,115
625
0
46,788
954
58,687
62
623
20,091
818,236
6,762
0
203,168
13,777
350
296
1,480
0
0
9,897
49,655
469,871
53,216
0
4,453
250,860
5,275,067
951 ,978
458
0
380
225
7,630
32,203
113
642
23,538
7,370
61,258
152,804
662
319,713
3,034
505
4.881
5,836
42,623
683.930
1 1 1 .594
17.614
15,308
10,405
360
3.070
1.273
347.559
0
5.273
3,182,348
49,131
8,941
1990
2,078
4.824
670
0
43,109
824
79,137
58
635
18,556
823,892
6,915
0
219,932
13,377
309
288
1,624
0
0
9,961
60,149
455,464
54,504
0
4,616
247,128
5,850,999
1 ,069,084
436
0
411
218
7,561
30,594
73
611
22,080,
7,098
70,953
154,254
544
333,347
2,859
290
4.410
5,975
43.226
543,877
120,152
16,958
14,407
9,382
363
2,865
1,571
356,505
0
5.090
3.116,601
45.558
10.227
1991
2,145
4,439
644
0
37,937
859
91,831
52
623
18,183
844.849
6,484
0
208,698
11,907
273
253
1,663
0
0
9,251
72,179
445,699
58,494
0
4,708
222.950
5,444,874
1,011,708
422
0
371
192
6,805
29,065
69
426
19,464
6,446
73,193
146.203
479
361,221
2,571
203
3,458
5,737
47.247
532,996
114,143
16,623
13,047
8.258
327
2,616
1.485
335.114
0
4.479
3.069,770
41,951
10,474
1992
2,253
4,262
633
0
40,217
874
99,178
44
654
17,887
861 ,746
6,548
O
221.213
12,622
260
261
1,648
0
0
8,605
77,953
449,372
60.250
0
4,897
229,638
5,224,666
1,007,316
457
0
386
200
6,668
29,936
68
520
21,794
6,575
75,634
153,156
479
375,525
2,829
172
3,704
5,870
51,971
575,636
120.991
16,127
1 3,309
8.506
332
2.773
1.456
341.818
0
4.075
3.039.656
39.567
10.409
4-7
-------
Table 4-2
ENGINDATA DIESEL SALES
(0 to 1000 HP)
EQUIPMENT TYPE
SERIAL LIFTS
4G MOWERS
*G TRACTOR*
4IR COMPRESSORS
MRCRAFT SUPPORT
BALERS
3ORE/DRILL RIGS
CEM/MTR MIXERS
SHIPPERS/GRINDERS
COMBINES
COMM TURF
CONCRETE/IND SAWS
CRANES
CRUSH/PROC EQUIP
CRWLR DOZERS
JUMPERS/TENDERS
EXCAVATORS
:OREST EQUIP
:ORKLIFTS
3ENTR SETS
GRADERS
HYD POWER UNIT
.N/GDN TRACTORS
.T PLANTS/SIGNAL BDS
OFF-HWY TRACTORS
OFF-HWY TRUCK
OTH AG/EQ
OTH CONST
OTH GEN INDUST
OTH LN GDN
DTH MAT HD
'AVERS
'AVING EQ
>LATE COMPACTORS
'RES WASHERS
'UMPS
W DOZER
?/T LOADER
1EAR ENG RIDER
1OLLERS
1OUGH TRN FORKLFTS
S/S LOADER
SCRAPERS
SCRUB/SWPR
SNOWBLOWER
SPEC VEH/CARTS
SPRAYERS
SWATHERS
TERMINAL TRACTORS
TILLERS
TRAC/LDR/BCKHOE
TRENCHERS
WELDERS
WOOD SPLTR
1985
839
74
33,703
14,301
1,594
160
748
241
1,814
10,273
8,027
13
3,782
567
10,677
38
2,674
4,440
3,654
25,935
4,942
269
6,149
3,434
3,763
1,910
818
854
1,973
0
296
2,030
1.662
129
427
12,236
218
9,898
0
7,445
6,179
13,783
4,864 '
3,415
120 .
431
537
3,478
2,614
0
20,431
3,964
8,033
18
CALENDAR YEAR SALES
1986 1987 1988 1989
1,010
75
22,444
13,162
1,694
205
834
267
2,038
8,938
11,721
18
3,739
647
8,468
21
2,792
4,849
3,261
27,960
4.664
307
8,869
3,798
2,936
1,571
547
909
1,651
0
273
2,242
1,511
155
449
12,212
230
8,563
875
5,544
7,003
16,481
3,726
3.806
104
470
523
3,471
2.695
0
25.638
4,154
11,301
12
1,030
67
24,528
14,798
1,800
195
836
314
2,452
13,245
1 7,702
24
4,030
706
1 1 ,589
21
2,971
5,560
2,878
33,035
3,702
367
7,141
4,079
2,341
1,917
549
859
1,361
26
267
2,386
1,525
177
679
10,613
230
9,020
972
5,124
7,515
21,715
2.898
4,150
103
473
476
4,318
2,586
0
29,305
4,074
10,345
5
1,251
67
33,993
16.218
1,922
255
815
316
2,869
8,786
19,299
35
4,303
894
12,433
22
3,138
4,935
3,778
38,529
3,874
424
8,042
4,477
2,710
2,113
604
782
1,273
54
247
2,563
1,474
198
875
10,787
242
8,803
1,080
5,288
7,838
25,325
3.347
4,441
102
498
519
2,867
2,994
0
25.514
4,418
10,499
4
1,670
58
45,281
17,284
2,010
230
772
324
3,699
12,643
21,550
27
5,534
832
9,956
23
3,176
4,593
4,747
45,331
4,277
448
6,396
4,468
2,519
2,283
647
802
1,272
54
253
2,619
1,340
252
923
10,241
222
8,061
1,200
5,325
7,798
27,977
3,227
4,724
90
514
535
2,751.
3,154
0
22.966
4.994
1 1.446
3
1990
1,660
54
45,826
16,181
1,838
240
786
304
3,660
15,197
23,452
37
4,952
793
9,219
24
3,854
4,120
5,022
38,184
4,061
476
5,743
4,287
2,447
3,175
721
774
1,193
63
251
2,465
1,274
258
939
9,765
208
8,626
1,298
4,964
5,700
27,433
3.003
4,571
102
512
548
2,861
3,503
0
23,248
5,188
11,103
2
1991
1,790
52
33,630
13,989
1,843
222
781
284
3,481
12,370
24,508
32
4,040
714
6,471
25
3,511
3,684
4,509
35,676
3.652
501
5,386
3,153
2,215
2,999
673
700
1,058
60
240
1,632
1,150
237
948
9,045
187
8,024
1,493
. 4,551
3,691
26,715
2,704
3,713
98
488
502
2,661
3,442
0
17,424
4.069
10,338
2
1992
1,622
52
28.758
14,639
1,773
211
765
272
3,476
1 1 ,059
25,242
32
3,843
757
5,182
25
3,629
3,755
4,147
36,302
3.836
521
5,548
3,166
2,280
3,149
692
731
1,032
62
234
1,864
1,283
244
956
9.426
193
6,494
1,493
5,032
3,326
28.856
2.828
3.255
95
430
506
2.582
3.074
0
15.676
4.295
10,854
0
•Note that PSR's sales estimates for agricultural tractors are considerably lower than those provided
by EMI in Table 2-13. The cause of the discrepancy has not been resolved by PSR.
4-8
-------
Table 4-3
COMPARISONS BETWEEN PSR's SALES DATA AND
OPEI, PPEMA SHIPMENT STATISTICS
EQUIPMENT
TYPE
Walk-Behind Mowers
Rear Engine Riding Mowers
Lawn and Garden Tractors
Rotary Tillers
Snow Throwers
Chalneaws
OPEI/PPEM
1965
5,193,000
355,000
695,000
362,000
421,000
1,527,000
PSR
1985
5,331,562
280,974
583,997
336,578
546,540
1,079,143
%
DIP
2.67%
-20.85%
-15.97%
-7.02%
29.82%
-29.33%
OPEI/PPEM
1986
5,400,000
322,000
772,000
311,000
482,000
1 ,350,000
PSR
1966
5,488,945
349,578
796,822
322,252
603,390
915,343
%
DIP
1.65%
8.56%
3.22%
3.62%
25.18%
-32.20%
OPEI/PPEM
1988
5,600,000
375,000
932,000
285,000
543,000
1,377,000
PSR
1988
5,672,242
420,716
992,825
322,472
646,319
954,232
%
DIP
1.29%
12.19%
6.53%
13.15%
19.03%
-30.70%
OPEI/PPEM
1991
5,350,000
209,000
968,000
296,000
285,000
1,153,000
PSR
1991
5,439,758
355,478
1,018,515
335,114
533,099
844,849
%
DIP
1.68%
70.09%
5.22%
13.21%
87.05%
-26.73%
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE February 1993
exactly what defines a lawn tractor in OPEI's shipment data. Differences may also be the
result of calendar versus model year peculiarities. According to PSR, sales available from
Engindata are based on calendar year data. While this is true for chainsaws, OPEI's data
reflect model year shipments. It is further expected that a major cause of differences between
Engindata sales statistics and those from other sources will be the fact that PSR excludes sales
of imported equipment with installed engines. The reader should be advised that comparisons
made in Table 4-3 are preliminary. As of yet, no detailed and comprehensive analysis of
discrepancies between all the various sources of shipment, or sales, data has been performed.
As a result, an understanding of the sources of discrepancies has not been formulated. JFA
recommends that such an undertaking be performed in order to account for possible differences
between data sources. Clearly, much input from all parties, including PSR, will be required
to explain the origins of discrepancies.
In addition to application specific sales reports, such as those shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2,
Engindata allows for retrieval of model specific engine sales data by engine manufacturer,
market segment (e.g., lawn and garden, construction, etc.), horsepower, equipment type, or a
combination of engine model specifications and model sales. Detailed profiles of each engine
model are compiled by PSR from the sources described above. These profiles include the
following specifications: 1) the year that a specific engine model was introduced into the
market and the year that it was discontinued, 2) the fuel type (diesel, gasoline, LPG, natural
gas, or heavy diesel), 3) the intermittent horsepower rating per SAE J245 (gasoline) and
DIN6270-B (diesel), 4) the continuous horsepower rating per DIN6270-A (diesel), 5) the
engine crankshaft speed at which the intermittent horsepower rating is measures (HP RPM),
6) the number of combustion cylinders per engine, 7) the cylinder arrangement (Le,, in-line,
angular, or horizontal configurations), 8) the crankshaft plane, either vertical or horizontal, 9)
the number of piston strokes in the engine combustion cycle (2-stroke versus 4-stroke), 10) the
EPA/OAR 4-10 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
delineation between air, water, or oil engine cooling, 11) the engine's displacement in liters,
12) the type of aspiration (turbocharged or naturally aspirated), 13) the type of intercooling
describing the treatment of turbocharger air (water-air cooling, air-air cooling, or none), 14)
the fuel delivery method (direct-injection, indirect or swirl, carbureted, fuel injection, or
pressurized gas), 15) the valve/cam configuration designating the basic design of the engine
intake and exhaust valve system (double overhead cam, overhead cam, overhead valve, side
valve, or reed valve), 16) the maximum rated torque per SAE J245 (gasoline) and SAE J270
(diesel) expressed as foot/pounds, 17) the engine speed at which torque is measured, or torque
RPM, 18) the cylinder bore measured in millimeters, 19) the piston stroke measured in
millimeters, and 20) the length, width, height, and weight of the engine.
Although PSR's engine sales and installation estimates have some limitations that have not
been addressed by PSR for inclusion into this report, Engindata is nevertheless the most
complete source of sales statistics that has been identified by JFA for engines produced in
North America or the United States and marketed in this region by foreign manufacturers.
However, various important issues and methodological details have not been resolved by PSR.
JFA has gone through great lengths to obtain further explanations about PSR's estimation
process, but no additional data is expected to be forthcoming in the near future.
Yet, PSR's Engindata database is an excellent starting point for detailed sales statistics
necessary for a nonroad emissions forecasting model. Sales of engines are organized in the
database into 99 distinct equipment types. These equipment types are listed in Appendix E,
and those relevant to this study are identified with an asterisk. In all, data on over 2,050
engine models produced by more than 120 manufacturers located in over 20 countries are
contained in Engindata. Finally, data comparisons or other data analysis can be readily
EPA/OAR 4-11 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
conducted, since EPA has already purchased Engindata for use in a related JFA analysis under
a separate contract with EPA.4
4.3 EQUIPMENT/ENGINE SCRAPPAGE
In order to arrive at in-use equipment populations, PSR has derived a methodology to calculate
attrition rates specific to each engine model and equipment type combination. The attrition
methodology derived by PSR utilizes an attrition curve (normal distribution about half life),
data on the number of engines/equipment placed into service each year (from Engindata), the
mean lifetime expectancy (B-50 life) of the engine expressed in Bhp-hrs, the average annual
hours of use, the horsepower rating of the equipment's engine, and the typical load factor at
which the engine is operated.5 The discussion presented below focuses on the strengths and
limitations of PSR's methodology and the underlying sources that are used to derive necessary
data, rather than on its detailed description.
Equipment in-use populations, parts consumption profiles, and geographic distributions of
equipment are available from PSR's Aftermarket database. This database directly employs
sales information from Engindata and imbeds PSR's attrition methodology to derive in-use
equipment populations by engine model. For those cases where sales estimates are not
available from Engindata, such as off-road motorcycles, PSR uses aggregate shipment
4EPA has access to Engindata until August 1993. The original price of the database was $13,650, which
includes a one year licensing agreement.
5For a description of PSR's attrition methodology the reader is referred to EEA's Final Report to EPA
entitled Methodology to Estimate Nonroad Equipment Populations by Nonattainment Areas, written for
EPA's NEVES on September 30, 1990.
EPA/OAR 4-12 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
estimates available from industry or the Commerce Department. Details about their approach
to solving this data hole have not been provided by PSR, as mentioned in Section 4.2.
Likewise, PSR has not submitted their estimated vintage attrition rates for any equipment type
shown in Tables 4-1 or 4-2, so comparisons between PSR's attrition rate estimates and those
from other sources cannot be performed. However, several conceptual observations can be
made regarding PSR's methodology.
4.3.1 B-50 Lives By Engine Model (Bhp-hrs)
The attrition, or survival, rates that are derived by PSR will reflect the data and sources that
are used in their calculation. Although an engine will have a predictable laboratory survival
rate, most manufacturers do not test significant numbers of engines to establish a reliable mean
failure rate. As a result, PSR mostly relies on information from actual owner experiences to
derive their mean lifetime expectancies (or B-50 lives) for each engine model found in
Aftermarket, although information from manufacturer reports of mean failure design lives and
from statistically valid reports of actual engine failures are also used according to PSR.6 Over
the past 15 years, PSR has surveyed over 200,000 owners and operators from which lifetime
and survival statistics on more than 1.5 million individual pieces of equipment have been
gathered. By combining average annual hourly usage (also compiled from survey data), engine
age, and percent of engines remaining in the fleet, PSR is able to estimate the median age (in
Bhp-hrs) at which half of the engines originally placed in service remain in service and half
have been placed out of service. This median age is known as the engine's B-50 life.
According to PSR, for an engine model originally placed in service in a given year, plotting
6These sources (reports) were not provided or referenced by PSR.
EPA/OAR 4-13 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
the percent of units placed out of service versus engine age through time results in a bell-
shaped curve. The apex of this curve is considered to be the median age, or B-50 life. In
estimating B-50 life for each engine model, PSR attempts to obtain 96 survey responses per
year per model until sufficient are acquired to trace out the bell-shaped curve and
corresponding median life in Bhp-hrs. This process is rigorously followed for high production
volume models, while low production models receive less attention in the survey process. Yet,
PSR's notion is that if representative survey data on average life can be acquired and compiled
for 50 percent of the engine models in Aftermarket (Le., the high volume models), then the B-
50 lives for the remaining models can be estimated.
Once PSR establishes for a particular engine model the B-50 life it is generally not updated.
PSR does, however, compare their estimated B-50 lives to available data from manufacturers.
PSR's clients (mostly engine manufacturers like Perkins, Cummins, or other producers of
medium to heavy-duty engines) often provide PSR with feedback about the comparability of
PSR's B-50 life estimates to those developed by the manufacturers themselves. If
discrepancies are found between PSR's estimates and manufacturers' estimates that cause
significant inaccuracies in total equipment population estimates, then PSR re-examines survey
results and takes appropriate action to correct for the differences ~ this may include additional
survey work. This feedback mechanism is likely not available for small nonroad engines, since
Briggs & Stratton or Tecumseh do not purchase Aftermarket.
Details specific to the surveying process that is employed by PSR (Le., sample sizes, response
rates, questionnaires, etc.) were not provided, although engine manufacturer, model, equipment
EPA/OAR 4-14 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition StuJy
Identification and Evaluation "I
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
types, usage, and age are variables that are included in PSR's Power Products Parts Survey -
- a copy of the questionnaire is provided in EEA's report for NEVES.7
4.3.2 Average Annual of Use and Load Factors
As with estimates of B-50 lives, PSR's estimates of load factor and average annual hours of
use will directly influence the attrition rates developed by Aftermarket and used to estimate
equipment in-use populations. As was experienced during the course of EPA's NEVES,
changes to PSR's average annual hours of use greatly influenced the estimated national in-use
populations for various lawn and garden equipment.
The underlying sources through which PSR develops annual hours of use estimates and load
factors are end-user surveys. PSR's Power Products Parts Survey and periodic, smaller end-
user surveys provide the necessary data for PSR's usage and load factor estimate development
process. PSR uses fuel consumption rates — obtained from the Power Products Parts Survey
of over 40,000 owner/operators of the equipment types that ace tracked by PSR — versus time
to calculate the load factor that is normally experienced by each engine/equipment combination
in the survey. PSR calculates load factor as follows:
Load Factor = Actual Fuel Consumption/Hour
Rated Fuel Consumption/Hour @ Rated HP.
'For a discussion of the survey, the reader is referred to EEA's 1991 report to EPA entitled Methodology
to Estimate Nonroad Equipment Populations by Nonattainment Areas.
EPA/OAR 4-15 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation nj
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates ~ 444-1 February 1993
An engine's rated fuel consumption per hour is derived through product literature and industry
contacts. In this way, PSR estimates load factors for the engine/equipment combinations that
are identified in the survey. For those engine/equipment combinations not found in survey
results, PSR relies on industry contacts, product literature, and their own analysis and
experience to construct the appropriate load factors. As with other parts of PSR's
methodology, this alternative approach is likely employed for smaller nonroad engines and
equipment (e.g., lawn and garden equipment).
Unlike load factor estimates, however, PSR's annual hours of use estimates are derived
exclusively from survey results and PSR's experience and analysis -- industry contacts or
product literature are not a source that is employed by PSR for usage information. Details
about the types of surveys that are conducted by PSR to estimate usage were not available,
although it is clear that the Power Product Parts Survey is one of the sources. However,
conversations with PSR suggest that to obtain survey results from a representative distribution
of an equipment type's end-users, PSR has conducted, through the years, specific end-user
surveys. For example, forklifts are used in a number of different industries so that the annual
usage of forklifts may vary from one industry to the other. In order to capture this variation
and construct a realistic annual hours of use estimate, PSR has established a relationship
between industry type (by 3-digit Standard Industrial Classification codes) and equipment
usage. In this way, PSR focuses its smaller survey efforts on the industries most likely to use
the equipment type in question.
PSR's efforts to estimate annual hours of use by equipment type result with an average figure
which is reported in Aftermarket for each equipment type. PSR reports (and uses) average-
annual usage rates for all vintages, although PSR recognizes the fact that older equipment is
generally used less. Annual hours of use by vintage are optimal from the perspective of ;ui
EPA/OAR 4-16 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation -//
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
emissions forecasting model or an emissions inventory development ~ since emission benefit
estimates from proposed regulation will not be accurately estimated with an average usage
estimate that is applied for all vintage years. However, PSR's objectives in developing the
database it maintains are not necessarily related to emissions analysis. Therefore, the survey
requirements to estimate annual usage as a function of equipment age are likely not cost-
effective from PSR's perspective.
It should be noted, however, that to the extent that PSR's surveys include a representative
cross-section of commercial and consumer equipment ownership, differences between
commercial annual hours of use and consumer annual hours of use are incorporated in their
estimates. But, separate figures for commercial usage versus consumer usage are not available
through PSR. Similarly, no information related to temporal usage patterns is compiled or
maintained by PSR.
4.3.3 PSR's Attrition Curve
PSR has developed a typical attrition curve which is used, together with the other parameters
described above, to determine vintage specific survival rates for each engine/equipment
combination in Aftermarket. PSR's research has determined that survival rates fit the normal
distribution about half-life, or S-curve, shown in Figure 4-1. Estimates of the number of
equipment, with a given engine model installed in them, that are placed in service, the
equipment's average annual hours of use, its engine's horsepower and load factor are used to
determine the expected life of the engine/equipment combination not yet consumed (Le., where
EPA/OAR -1-17 Nonroud Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation />>
Available Data Sources — Final Rc[)<>n
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FIGURE 4-1
PSR'S ATTRITION CURVE USED TO ESTIMATE
VINTAGE SPECIFIC ATTRITION RATES
100
«O 4O
% Of W9n RCMA1MM2 IN SCRV1CX
20
4-18
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
you are along the Y-axis of the curve).8 This in turn provides the vintage specific survival
rate found by simply matching the position on the Y-axis to that on the X-axis. Of course, this
Y to X correspondence will greatly depend on the shape of the attrition curve that is employed.
For instance, a "flatter" S-curve than the one shown in Figure 4-1 would derive lower survival
rates, while a "tighter" one would derive higher survival rates.9
PSR has not provided a detailed description of the exact methodology that has been used to
develop the attrition curve shown in Figure 4-1. Conversations with PSR, however, have
provided a general overview of the process. PSR has apparently derived its attrition curve
through end-user surveys — likely the same surveys that determine annual hours of use, load
factor, and B-50 life estimates. End-user survey results on the number of engines remaining
in service by model year are compared to model year sales estimates from Engindata to arrive
at PSR's attrition curve.
The fact that PSR uses this same attrition curve for all engines and equipment combinations
likely leads to some biased vintage specific survival rates for different types of equipment.
According to PSR, however, reported survival rates derived from PSR's research have been
found to fit the normal distribution pattern shown in Figure 4-1. Further, PSR contends that
98 percent of all 1.5 million reported cases are found to fit within 1.5 standard deviations of
the mean, and that their findings are similar to those described in Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE) paper 851260 (Reduced Durability due to a Friction Modifier in Heavy Duty
8 A detailed description of this process is provided on page 3-5 of EEA's report to EPA, which is
referenced above.
9 A "flatter" curve implies that the convex portion (or upper part) of the S-curve and the concave portion
(or bottom part) of the S-curve are decreasing at a slower rate than that portrayed by the S-curve in Figure 4-
1. A "tighter" curve implies the opposite.
EPA/OAR 4-19 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition SiuJv
Identification and Evaluation »i
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
Diesel Lubricants, 1985) and SAE paper 750621 (Engine Maintenance Cost Reduction
Through Improved Component Design and Development, 1975). The former is an analysis
of heavy-duty diesel engine wear, encountered in the field, caused by a friction reducing
additive used in diesel lubricants, while the latter is an analysis of reductions in maintenance
costs through improved aircraft engine durability. Although the results described in these
papers may be directly applicable to heavy-duty diesels and aircraft engines, clearly the entire
spectrum of nonroad engines is not represented by those results. As such, the notion that
PSR's survey findings and attrition results are similar to those found in these SAE papers does
not necessarily imply that PSR's attrition curve is representative of survivability across all
engines that comprise the nonroad engine emissions source category.
It is not presently evident whether or not manufacturers that do derive survival estimates rely
on a normal distribution to statistically describe their observations. Recent conversations with
PSR suggest that some manufacturers may employ a Weibull distribution, like those used in
the study of breaking strengths of materials.I0 However, JFA has not been successful in
obtaining information from manufacturers on this issue.
10 A random variable X is said to have a Weibull distribution pattern if the probability function of X is
given by:
f(X;a,b) = f(a/b") A""' exp-(X/b)"f for X greater or equal to 0.
The parameter a is positive and is referred to as the shape parameter, while the parameter b is also positive
and represents the scale parameter. While in some situations there are theoretical justifications for the
appropriateness of the Weibull distribution, in many cases the Weibull simply provides a good fit to observed
data for particular values of a and b. Note that if A" is less than Q,f(X;a,b) equals 0.
Other examples of distributions often employed in the analysis of product life cycles include the exponential,
lognormal, and the smallest extreme value distributions. For a discussion of these distributions the reader is
referred to Applied Life Data Analysis by Wayne Nelson of General Electric Co. ~ published by John Wiley
& Sons, 1982.
EPA/OAR 4-20 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
4.3.4 The Role of Attrition in Emissions
Equipment attrition rates have important implications for emissions calculations. For example,
if a particular engine or equipment type has a relatively short life, the effects of implementing
an emission standard will be realized more quickly than for an equipment type with a long life.
This is a widely recognized phenomenon, and fleet turnover is an important consideration when
crafting a regulatory package to mitigate emissions from mobile sources.
One aspect of fleet turnover that can impact an emissions benefit calculation is the shape of
the equipment attrition curve. As discussed above, PSR assumes that equipment attrition is
described by a normal S-curve and that all engines (of a particular model) have the same
annual hourly usage regardless of age. On the other hand, in a study performed for CARB,
EEA determined (through a limited survey of California construction firms) that as equipment
ages, it is generally used less. EEA also developed a survival curve for heavy construction
equipment in this work. To illustrate the effect of differing assumptions about equipment
attrition and usage, an example emissions benefit calculation is presented below that compares
results from utilizing the PSR and EEA data.
The attrition and usage data developed by EEA for heavy construction equipment are
summarized in Table 4-4. As seen, the table also contains fractional usage by equipment
age." Because it is assumed that the equipment is not used at the same average rate
throughout its life, the fractional usage is not equivalent to the population fraction. (This is
analogous to on-road motor vehicles where the VMT distribution by model year, Le., usage,
"Feasibility of Controlling Emissions from Off-Road, Heavy-Duty Construction Equipment, Energy and
Environmental Analysis, December 1988.
EPA/OAR 4-21 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Table 4-4
Heavy Construction Equipment Attrition and Usage Data
Developed by EEA
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Fraction
Remaining
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0,30
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.02
Fraction
of Fleet
0.064
0.062
0.061
0.060
0.059
0.057
0.056
0.055
0.053
0.051
0.048
0.045
0.041
0.038
0.035
0.032
0.029
0.025
0.022
0.019
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.003
0.001
Hours/
Year
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
Cumulative
Hours
1,400
2,800
4,200
5,600
7,000
8,400
9,800
11,100
12,300
13,400
14,400
1 5,400
1 6,400
17,400
18,400
1 9,400
20,350
21,250
22,100
22,900
23,650
24,350
25,050
25,750
26,450
27,150
27,850
28,550
29,250
29,950
Wtd Hrly
Use
89
87
86
84
82
80
78
71
64
56
48
45
41
38
35
32
27
23
19
15
13
'11
9
8
7
5
4
3
2
1
Fractional
Use
0.077
0.075
0.074
0.072
0.070
0.069
0.067
0.061
0.055
0.048
0.041
0.038
0.036
0.033
0.030
0.027
0.023
0.020
0.016
0.013
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
Total: 1.00 11 63 1.00
4-22
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Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
is not equivalent to the registration distribution, Le., population.) Also, a "fleet-average" annual
use of 1163 hours was calculated based on multiplying the fleet fraction for each equipment
age by the annual usage for that age and summing over the 30 "model years" listed in Table
4-4.
A corresponding fractional use by equipment age matrix based on PSR's attrition curve (Figure
4-1) was also developed and is shown in Table 4-5. A number of assumptions were required
to produce this table:
• All "model years" accumulate the same annual hours based on the EEA fleet-
weighted estimate (1163 hours),
• The total cumulative hours for the longest-lived machine is based on EEA's
estimate (approximately 30,000 hours),
The B-50 life was assumed to be one-half the longest life (approximately 15,000
hours), and
• Calculations are based on constant sales for each year. (Although this is not
likely to be a good assumption for an accurate estimate, it is valid for the
comparison being illustrated here.)
The fractional usage estimates developed in Tables 4-4 and 4-5 are depicted graphically in
Figure 4-2. As seen, the two methodologies result in different usage versus age curves. The
PSR methodology indicates that most of the equipment usage in the fleet is performed by
newer equipment, with a sudden drop near the equipment half-life. This is because the S-curvc
EPA/OAR 4-23 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
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Table 4-5
Equipment Attrition and Usage Data Developed
from PSR's Scrappage Curve
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Cumulativ
Hours
1163
2,326
3,489
4,652
5,815
6,978
8,141
9,304
10,467
11,630
12,793
13,956
15,119
16,282
1 7,445
18,608
19,771
20,934
22,097
23,260
24,423
25,586
26,749
27,912
29,075
30,238
Fraction of
Expected Life
0.923
0.846
0.769
0.692
0.615
0.538
0.462
0.385
0.308
0.231
0.154
0.077
0.000
-0.077
-0.154
-0.231
-0.308
-0.385
-0.462
-0.538
-0.615
-0.692
-0.769
-0.846
-0.923
-1 .000
Fraction
Remaining
0.985
0.975
0.960
0.940
0.925
0.905
0.885
0.860
0.835
0.810
0.770
0.730
0.500
0.270
0.230
0.190
0.165
0.140
0.115
0.095
0.075
0.060
0.040
0.025
0.015
0.000
Fraction
of Fleet
0.079
0.078
0.077
0.075
0.074
0.072
0.071
0.069
0.067
0.065
0.062
0.058
0.040
0.022
0.018
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
Wtd Hrly
Use
92
91
89
87
86
84
82
80
78
75
72
68
47
25
21
18
15
13
11
9
7
6
4
2
1
0
Fractional
Use
0.079
0.078
0.077
0.075
0.074
0.072
0.071
0.069
0.067
0.065
0.062
0.058
0.040
0.022
0.018
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
Total: 1.00 11 63 i.oo
4-24
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Figure 4-2
Usage vs. Age
EEA and PSR Methodologies
0.1
0.08
0)
CO
13 0.06
1
g
CJ0.04
0.02
I I I I I I
I
i
I
i 'f-4-.j i
EEA
PSR
1 2345678 9101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Equipment Age (years)
4-25
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
used by PSR assumes very high attrition rates near the equipment half-life. Conversely, EEA's
estimates show a much more gradual decrease in fractional usage with age.
The usage curves in Figure 4-2 were used to compute the benefit of hypothetical emission
standards. As an example, assume that the NOx emission rate is decreased from 10 to 5
g/Bhp-hr as a result of a standard that takes effect with the 1998 model year. The fleet-average
emission rate without the standard would be 10 g/Bhp-hr, assuming all model years emit at the
same rate prior to regulation. If the benefit for the year 2010 is desired, a fleet-average
emission rate can be determined by applying the fractional usage calculated in Tables 4-4 and
4-5 (and shown in Figure 4-2) to the corresponding model-year emission rate and summing
over all model years making up the fleet. This calculation, summarized in Table 4-6, was
performed with both EEA and PSR estimates of equipment attrition and usage.
The PSR methodology resulted in a fleet-average NOx emission rate of 5.57 g/Bhp-hr, while
the EEA methodology produced a rate of 6.08 g/Bhp-hr. In the year 2010, therefore, the
benefit of the hypothetical emission standard was estimated to be 44 percent and 39 percent
for the PSR and EEA attrition assumptions, respectively. Although the two methodologies
illustrated above did not result in dramatic differences in the benefit calculation, it is clear that
the choice of assumptions on equipment attrition does impact emissions estimates. Thus, by
obtaining an accurate characterization of equipment attrition, emissions estimates can be
improved.
EPA/OAR 4-26 \onroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition SiuJ\
Identification and Evaluation «i
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Table 4-6
Calculation of Hypothetical Fleet-Average
NOx Emission Rates
Model
Year
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
Emission
Rate
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
EEA
Fraction Wtd EF
0.077 0.383
0.075 0.375
0.074 0.368
0.072 0.360
0.070 0.352
0.069 0.345
0.067 0.337
0.061 0.306
0.055 0.276
0.048 0.241
0.041 0.205
0.038 0.192
0.036 0.178
0.033 0.328
0.030 0.301
0.027 0.274
0.023 0.234
0.020 0.197
0.016 0.163
0.013 0.131
0.011 0.111
0.009 0.092
0.008 0.080
0.007 0.069
0.006 0.057
0.005 0.046
0.003 0.034
0.002 0.023
0.002 0.015
0.001 0.008
Fleet-Wtd Emission Rate: 6.082
PSR
Fraction Wtd EF
0.079 0.394
0.078 0.390
0.077 0.384
0.075 0.376
0.074 0.370
0.072 0.362
0.071 0.354
0.069 0.344
0.067 0.334
0.065 0.324
0.062 0.308
0.058 0.292
0.040 0.200
0.022 0.216
0.018 0.184
0.015 0.152
0.013 0.132
0.011 0.112
0.009 0.092
0.008 0.076
0.006 0.060
0.005 0.048
0.003 0.032
0.002 0.020
0.001 0.012
0.000 0.000
5.568
4-27
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
4.4 ENGINE REBUILD/REPLACEMENT RATES
PSR recently submitted a description of their approach to account for the effect of engine
rebuild/replacement rates on engine/equipment life expectancy. In their assumptions related
to engine and equipment survival, PSR has considered the fact that engines are rebuilt or
overhauled during their useful lifetimes and that for some equipment types the engine is often
physically replaced. For many equipment types, however, PSR regards this issue as
insignificant. For example, air cooled gasoline powered engines and the equipment in which
they are installed are assumed to be retired congruently. The reasoning is that it is usually not
economic to salvage an operating engine and replace it in another type of equipment when the
useful life of the equipment itself has been expended. On the other hand, for many types of
heavy-duty equipment, engines routinely outlast the equipment in which they are originally
installed and can find further use in other equipment at a reduced capacity. In such cases, PSR
has extended the expected useful life to include a factor for the continued survival of a small
portion of engines.
PSR also accounts for engine rebuild and overhaul as part of a normal operating lifetime. Such
major maintenance is particularly important in the case of heavy-duty equipment, where
practices call for partial overhaul once a predetermined number of operating hours have been
reached. Rebuilds and overhauls have a considerable effect on engine life. Such major
maintenance practices are taken into account by PSR on an equipment by equipment basis
depending on the specific industry in which an equipment is employed. However, PSR does
not maintain data on rebuild rates at the individual equipment level. Rather, engine rebuild is
accounted for in PSR's attrition calculation.
EPA/OAR 4-28 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
4.5 METHODOLOGY FOR GEOGRAPHIC ALLOCATION
PSR's Aftermarket database includes a methodology to distribute national in-use population
estimates to State and county levels. Data from the U.S. Bureau of Census' County Business
Patterns are used to establish the geographic model by which end products are allocated.
Economic data for each county in the U.S. from 12 major Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) groups12 has been compiled and used to derive activity indices. For each engine
application, different combinations of these 12 factors are used as a means of geographically
allocating in-use equipment.
The geographic distribution of every engine application is accomplished by assessing
percentage weights to each of the 12 major SIC based activity sectors and applying these
weights to the ratio of county to national activity by sector. This process derives an activity
index which is then multiplied by the national in-use population of a given application to arrive
at the county population estimate. For example, the percentage weights for compressors by
major category are 16 percent mining, 12 percent oil and gas, 34 percent construction, 12
percent metal manufacturing, 7 percent machinery production, 12 percent wholesale trade, and
7 percent retail food distribution. These weights are determined through the analysis of
ownership and usage information obtained from PSR's surveys. By combining these so called
"correlation factors" with the percentage of national revenue of employment produced in each
county for these sectors, PSR estimates the percentage of air compressors that will be found
in a given county. A complete profile of PSR's "correlation factors" for each equipment type
is available from the Aftermarket database.
12 These 12 SIC groups include: total employment, agricultural services, fishing, mining, oil and gas,
construction, metal manufacturing, machinery production, trucking, wholesale trade, retail food distribution.
and auto dealerships.
EPA/OAR 4-29 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Stu
Available Data Sources — Final Rcpmi
-------
Jack Faucett Associates ~ 444-1 February 1993
The top-down approach used by PSR to distribute national in-use populations of equipment to
State and county levels is subject to criticism. PSR's approach assumes that sub-national in-
use populations of all types of nonroad equipment are characterized by one or more of the SIC
based activity categories described above. Clearly, the regional populations of some types of
equipment, such as those used in logging or airport service, cannot be accurately estimated
using any of PSR's 12 activity categories. Furthermore, it is not explicitly clear what criteria
were employed by PSR to determine the percentage weights or, "correlation factors", used in
the estimation methodology. JFA suspects that many of the "correlation factors" were derived
from anecdotal information and, thus, may not actually correlate well with regional populations.
However, before an analysis of all the indices derived for each equipment type is performed,
the true limitations of PSR's geographic distribution methodology cannot be properly assessed.
To conduct such an analysis, PSR will have to submit their data to EPA or JFA, or PSR's
Aftermarket database will have to be purchased.
4.6 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
PSR is a useful and comprehensive source of sales, scrappage, in-use equipment populations,
annual hours of use, and load factor estimates. However, some problems are evident in PSR's
methodologies that must be resolved before PSR derived statistics can be directly incorporated
into an emissions forecasting model. These problems include: 1) PSR's exclusion of imported
equipment with installed engines (Le., captive imports) and inclusion of Canadian sales in
Engindata's sales statistics, 2) discrepancies between PSR's sales estimates and those available
from industry and possibly government sources, 3) PSR's employment of one attrition curve
for all equipment/engine combinations, and 4) conceptual problems with PSR's geographic
distribution methodology. In addition, likely biases in PSR's lifetime expectancy (B-50 life)
estimates for various equipment need to be investigated. Finally, although JFA has requested
EPA/OAR 4-30 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
detailed descriptions of PSR's surveys (such as, sample sizes, response rates, audiences,
questionnaires, etc.), no additional information has been provided beyond that described in this
section. Likewise, data from which Canadian sales can be backed-out from Engindata or data
on captive imports have not been made available by PSR. The degree of further cooperation
from PSR, other than what can be learned from their databases, with respect to emission
analyses is not entirely evident at this time.
One important issue that needs to be addressed is the resolution of discrepancies between
PSR's sales, usage, load factor, and scrappage estimates and those derived by parties both
inside and outside of industry. Such an analysis will be useful in determining where
complementary data can be substituted for PSR's estimates. The flexibility of PSR's process
will assure that the best possible data will be implemented into an emissions model if their
databases and computer models are chosen as the basis for its development. PSR's databases
provide an expedient and relatively inexpensive way to derive emission parameters, and they
can be altered to reflect more detail (such as commercial and residential sales splits for lawn
and garden equipment) and better data (such as MIC's sales and scrappage statistics on ATV's
and off-highway motorcycles). PSR's Engindata database has already been purchased by EPA,
while their Aftermarket costs roughly $25,000. The possibility of using PSR's databases for
the development of an emission model should be considered by EPA once detailed evaluations
and validations of their estimates are performed, serious discrepancies are resolved, and
additional information on methodologies and surveys is obtained.
EPA/OAR 4-31 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
SECTION 5:
FUTURE WORK:
DATA SELECTION AND METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
5.1 OVERVIEW
Given that all available nonroad equipment data sources have been identified, after a detailed
evaluation and compartive analysis it will be necessary to select the most appropriate data
sources to fill out the data matrices needed to support a nonroad emissions model. In cases
where data do not currently exist, methodologies must be developed to estimate certain
parameters (e.g., attrition rates). Although the data matrices were not completed as part of the
current study, it is useful to summarize, for each required data matrix, the availability and
likely sources of data that could be used to fill the matrices. Thus, this section briefly outlines
the potential data sources for each matrix and identifies areas in which new methodologies are
likely to be needed.
As detailed below, data for the following quantities will be necessary:
• Nationwide State-level equipment populations for each equipment type included
in NEVES;
• Current year equipment population distributions by horsepower and engine class;
• Historical annual equipment sales matrices for each combination of equipment
type, engine class, and horsepower range;
EPA/OAR 5-1 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation <>j
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
• Historical equipment survival matrices for each combination of engine class and
horsepower range;
• Historical engine rebuild/replacement matrices for each combination of
equipment type, engine class, and horsepower range;
• Current equipment usage, load factor, and fuel consumption matrices for each
combination of engine and equipment type; and
• Temporal distribution matrices by equipment type.
Descriptions of data sources for these elements are provided as follows.
5.2 NATIONWIDE STATE-LEVEL POPULATIONS
Although not an absolute requirement for the development of an emissions model (depending
upon the methodology chosen to generate equipment usage estimates, Le,, top-down or bottom-
up), methodologies to estimate State-level equipment populations for each equipment type
included in NEVES should be investigated. State-level equipment populations for the 23 states
included in NEVES were derived by PSR from national equipment estimates through the use
of activity indicators that relate economic activity at the State-level relative to that at the
national-level. The State populations were then used by EPA's contractor, EEA, to derive
population estimates at the county-level.
It is recognized that top-down approaches, like those used by PSR and EEA, are likely to result
in estimation errors if national-level population estimates are incorrect or if the activity
EPA/OAR 5-2 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
indicators employed to apportion national data to the local level are biased. However,
developing detailed bottom-up estimates for each State and equipment type is not feasible for
a generic nonroad model. Thus, State-level equipment populations would have to be estimated
using some form of a top-down approach. It is anticipated that the estimates would rely on
PSR data, industry-supplied data (e.g., shipment data), or on potential alternative methodologies
to allocate national data to the State-level.
5.3 ENGINE/EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION MATRICES
Based on the results presented in the previous sections, PSR appears to be the only available
source for these data. Distributions of equipment by engine type (Le., 2-stroke gasoline, 4-
stroke gasoline, diesel, 4-stroke LPG/CNG) and horsepower range can be developed from
PSR's Aftermarket database with the assumption that national distributions hold at the sub-
national level. Independent distributions (of any kind) at the sub-national level are not
available from any of PSR's databases nor are they available from any other known source.
Thus, developing a national-level engine/equipment matrix would likely be limited to the use
of PSR data. (A moderate amount of validation data for lawn and garden equipment are,
however, available from OPEL)
5.4 ANNUAL ENGINE/EQUIPMENT SALES MATRICES
Data matrices describing U.S. equipment consumption for each year from 1960 through the
most recent year for each combination of equipment type, engine type, and horsepower range
are required. However, to develop current year (or future year) population estimates, it is not
necessary to consider, for example, 30 years of historical sales records for a piece of equipment
with an average life of 5 years. Alternatively, equipment types with very long useful lives
EPA/OAR 5-3 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study.
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Rcpon
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
(e.g., agricultural tractors) may require a more complete accounting of historical sales to
generate current year population estimates. Thus, data matrices should be filled out to the
extent that the historical sales data will allow calculation of equipment populations for a
selected base year (e.g., 1990). Further, based on the results presented above, it is clear that
data do not exist to completely fill out such matrices for each equipment type of interest. For
equipment types without completed sales matrices, estimates may be possible based on sales
trends.
Data sources likely to be utilized for these matrices include manufacturer associations, PSR,
and the Department of Commerce.
5.5 ENGINE SURVIVAL MATRICES (HISTORICAL)
Developing these matrices would require extensive review of the methods used by PSR,
MacKay, and engine manufacturers to develop B50 engine lives and attrition curves. However,
the extent to which survival matrices could be developed depends largely upon available data
sources and the willingness of those sources to share information. Additionally, although
information on engine attrition rates may be available for some selected equipment types, the
applicability of these data across equipment categories is questionable (Le., engine attrition for
lawn and garden equipment would not be expected to be the same as for construction
equipment). Nonetheless, an evaluation of engine attrition might be possible at the equipment
category level. At a minimum, general functional forms of attrition curves should be further
investigated.
EPA/OAR 5-4 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition StuJy
Identification and Evaluation "
Available Data Sources — Final
-------
Jack Faucett Associates ~ 444-1 February 1993
5.6 ENGINE REBUILD/REPLACEMENT RATE MATRICES (HISTORICAL)
Based on results presented above, it is apparent that data on nonroad engine rebuild and
replacement rates are not readily available. Additional effort to identify sources of rebuild and
replacement would be useful, but the results of such an effort are uncertain, as is the
development of an appropriate matrix. However, data on rebuild and replacement rates do
exist for heavy-duty, on-road diesel engines. Thus, these data could be considered surrogates
for the higher horsepower, nonroad equipment types and might provide a very rough estimate
of the number of rebuilds that could be in service at a given time. For some of the more
inexpensive, lower horsepower equipment, it is very likely that engines are scrapped rather than
rebuilt. (A qualitative assessment of rebuilds and replacements may also be possible based on
information developed by EEA in its 1988 report to CARB.)
5.7 EQUIPMENT USAGE RATE MATRICES
For these matrices, data would be compiled on state- or regional-level annual hours of
operation, load factors, and annual average fuel consumption by equipment and engine type
combination. Multi-regional average annual hours of use data are available from NEVES,
which used PSR and industry data. However, as discussed previously, NEVES relied on a top-
down approach for all equipment usage estimates. Depending upon the equipment category,
top-down methodologies may not be the most appropriate to determine local-level activity.
Therefore, an assessment should be made to determine whether top-down or bottom-up
approaches provide the best estimates of activity for the various equipment categories.
The primary sources of information for these matrices are likely to be PSR, MacKay
(particularly for annual hourly usage), and manufacturer associations. Selected manufacturers
EPA/OAR 5-5 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study
Identification and Evaluation <>/'
Available Data Sources — Final Rupori
-------
Jack Faucett Associates ~ 444-1 February 1993
~ .— i_. -. .- --
might also have information on usage, load factor, and fuel consumption for the engines that
they sell, as well as information regarding regional variations in load factors and fuel
consumption. However, as discussed in earlier sections of this report, the likelihood of
obtaining additional data from manufacturers is questionable.
5.8 TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION MATRICES
Data identifying the fraction of annual source activity that occurs during each month of the
year, each day of the week, and each hour of the day are important from an emission modeling
perspective. Such data allow policymakers to determine how much is being emitted in a given
region, during a specific time, and by a particular type of nonroad equipment. Ideally, these
data would be developed both at the national and State, or multi-State, levels.
Because a single comprehensive source for such data is not available, information from a
variety of previous nonroad reports and industry associations would have to be utilized to
determine temporal distributions. (Although the quality of such data is questionable.) Thus,
a detailed data matrix is not possible in this case, rather, estimates of temporal usage would
have to be reported by equipment category (and potentially sub-category, if data in enough
detail are discovered). Additionally, a limited amount of effort should be directed at
investigating estimation methodologies based on ambient temperature, number of rainy days,
and other weather parameters.
EPA/OAR 5-6 Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
APPENDICES
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
APPENDIX A:
SNOWMOBILE REGISTRATION
DATA (1977-1992)
Source: ISIA
EPA/OAR Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources -- Final Report
-------
1991-1992 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Estimated Number
Current of Unregistered
Registrations Snowmobiles
4,231
9,646 2,191
18,396 3,000-5,000
2,600
176
22,790 10,000-15,000
58,276
18,178
29,300
63,471
235
8,253
180,340
192,926
11,300
828
27,330 plus or minus 5%
3,000
1,246*
51,723*
9,200
15,421
10,078
42,354
353
3,480
9,683
31,515
20,414
156,062
14,208
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Total
1,017,013
1990-91 figure
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states.
A-l
-------
1991-1992 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number County
Current of Unregistered Breakdown
Province Registrations Snowmobiles Available
Alberta 15,194 X
British Columbia 60,162
Manitoba 18,361 X
New Brunswick 11,526
Newfoundland 61,000
Nova Scotia 3,691
Ontario 346,932 X
Prince Edward Island 3,188
Quebec 122,189
Saskatchewan 6,022
Yukon Territory 654
TOTAL 648,919
A-2
-------
1990-1991 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number County
Current of Unregistered Breakdown
Province Registrations Snowmobiles Available
Alberta 13,875 X
British Columbia 53,386
Manitoba 27,161
New Brunswick 9,000
Newfoundland 61,000
Nova Scotia 4,143
Ontario 329,976 X
Prince Edward Island 4,153*
Quebec 113,758
Saskatchewan 6,086
Yukon.Territory 654
TOTAL 623,192
* 1989-90 figure
A-3
-------
1990-1991 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin - -
Wyoming
Estimated Number
Current of Unregistered
Registrations Snowmobiles
4,427
8,849
17,142 6,000
2,635
290
21,000 10,000-15,000
58,891
21,509
22,000
61,641
235
13,000
202,368
191,838
14,500*
767
32,430 less than 5%
2,991
1,246
51,239
8,200
18,040
9,675
39,449
375
4,028
14,034
32,762
19,631
155,632
14,506
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Total
1,045,330
* 1989-90-figure
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states
A-4
-------
1989-1990 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number
Current of Unregistered
Registrations Snowmobiles
2,756
7,989 2,330
16,026 4,000
3,062
307
15,356 15,000+
60,510
22,941
22,020
63,190
333
23,110
205,772
194,339
14,500- 36,462
902
33,000 2,475 (5-10%)
3,641
1,100 "quite a few"
46,324
10,893
17,947
9,533
43,000 25,000
432
3,200
12,706
33,961
17,280
151,000
14,683
1,051,813 85,267
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states
A-5
-------
1989-1990 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number County
Current of Unregistered Breakdown
Province Registrations Snowmobiles Available
Alberta 14,169 X
British Columbia 52,689
Manitoba 22,723 X
New Brunswick 8,566
Newfoundland 60,300
Nova Scotia 5,054
Ontario 308,373 X
Prince Edward Island 4,153
Quebec 103,179
Saskatchewan 6,243
Yukon Territory 508
TOTAL 585,957
A-6
-------
1988-1989 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number
Current of Unregistered
Registrations Snowmobiles
2,671
6,847 2,552
15,060 4,000
3,503
328
21,024 10,000
62,047
19,206
45,000
58,148
450
22,000
200,854
192,647
50,000
918
30,000
2,600
7,029*
56,172
9,361
18,782
9,349
43,785 95,000
395**
6,433
16,481
27,953
20,032
150,963
14,958
1,114,996 111,552
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
* includes all-terrain vehicles
** 1983 figure
used
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining stac-
A-7
-------
1988-1989 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number County
Current of Unregistered Breakdown
Province Registrations Snowmobiles Available
Alberta 14,986
British Columbia 51,597
Manitoba 17,748 X
New Brunswick 10,000
Newfoundland 56,000
Nova Scotia 4,967 X
Ontario 286,664 X
Prince Edward Island n/a
Quebec 79,287
Saskatchewan 6,435
Yukon Territory 494
TOTAL 528,178
A-8
-------
1987-1988 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Ma ry la nd
Current
Registrations
1,812
6,283
14,234
3,626
263
20,000
59,163
26,643
49,033
57,481
450
Estimated Number
of Unregistered
Snowmobiles
2,860
8,000
15,000
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wiscons in
Wyomi ng
Total
15,000**
206,544
181,598
50,589
1,095****
38,332
6,000
6,000***
54,321
6,415
25,456
8,767
46,500
395*
6,459
11,884
23,573
17,922
149,839
13,736
1,109,413
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
25,860
* 1983 figure used
** 1984 figure used
*** 1985-86 figure used
****1986-87 figure used
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states
A-9
-------
1987-1988 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number County
Current of Unregistered Breakdown
Province Registrations Snowmobiles Available
Alberta 14,094
British Columbia 50,840 X
Manitoba 30,705
New Brunswick 9,912
Newfoundland 56,000
Nova Scotia 5,195
Ontario 263,681 X
Prince Edward Island 1,500**
Quebec 76,409
Saskatchewan 8,603
Territories:
Yukon Territory 250
Northwest Territories 293*
(City of Yellowknife)
TOTAL 517,482
* 1984 figure used
** 1986-87 figure used
A-10
-------
1986-1987 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Ve rmont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Estimated Number
Current of Unregistered
Registrations Snowmobiles
3,593
5,729 3,219
13,600 8,000
3,667
280 300
18,000 15,000
60,490
23,695
55,090
56,391
420
15,000*
200,773
198,212
12,068
1,095
32,974 1,000
6,000
6,000**
60,701
10,823
6,388
8,597 6,300
47,000 30,000
2,700 ' 400
5,163
12,951
19,566
15,813
145,609
11,868
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Total
1,060,256
64,219
*1984 figure used
**1985-86 figure used
Note
: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states
A-li
-------
1986-1987 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Province
Current
Registrations
Estimated Number
of Unregistered
Snowmobiles
County
Breakdown
Available
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Territories:
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
(City of Yellowknife)
TOTAL
15,113
50,551
22,926
9,755
53,000*
7,922**
300,000
1,500
69,948
7,236
437***
293**
538,681
X
*1985-86 figure used;
**1984 figure used
***1985-86 figure used
includes all-terrain vehicles
A-12
-------
1985-1986 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Ve rmont
Washi ng ton
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
* 1984 figure used
**1983 figure used
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number
Current of Unregistered
Registrations Snowmobiles
2,632
5,837 3,500
14,250 8,000
3,239
290
23,000
65,591
23,539
55,091
49,722
400
15,000*
287,524
202,944*
16,569 29,700
994
30,586 2,000
6,000
6,000
67,346*
13,532
15,417
7,813
46,700 80,000
395**
9,066
13,480
11,953
17,020
154,000
11,136
1,177,066 123,200
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states,
A-13
-------
1985-1986 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Estimated Number County
Current of Unregistered Breakdown
Province Registrations Snowmobiles Available
Alberta 22,305
British Columbia 49,970
Manitoba 35,798
New Brunswick 7,785 25,000 X
Newfoundland 53,000*
Nova Scotia 7,922** X
Ontario 200,000
Prince Edward Island 3,647**
Quebec 78,521
Saskatchewan 10,269 X
Territories:
Yukon Territory 437
Northwest Territories 293**
(City of Yellowknife)
TOTAL 469,947 25,000
* includes all-terrain vehicles
**1984 figure used
A-14
-------
1984 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
*1983 figure used
REGISTRATION
Current
Registrations
2/522
4,816
13/788
2/379
20/200
66,863
32,651
65,329
47,862
1/200
15,000
271,221
202,944
13,261
1,858
29,658
4,000
4,500
67,346
10,976
31,971
8,134
47,000
395*
9,617
11,741
21,288
14,959
164,124
12,197
1,199,800
SURVEY
Estimated Number
of Unregistered
Snowmobiles
3,900
6,000
10,000
15,000
30,900
5,000
25,000
25,000
120,800
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
' X
A-15
-------
Province
1984 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registrations
Estimated Number
of Unregistered
Snowmobiles
County
Breakdown
Available
Alberta 25,000
British Columbia 24/000
Manitoba 29,196
New Brunswick 9/040
Newfoundland 60/000
Nova Scotia 7/922
Ontario 169/335*
Prince Edward Island 3/647
Quebec 78/569
Saskatchewan 15/526
Territories:
Yukon Territory 238
Northwest Territories 293
(City of Yellowknife)
TOTAL 422,816
60/000
X
X
100
60,100
*1983 figure used
A-16
-------
1983 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registrations
1,602
5,120
13,959
2,266
21,785
69,439
32,037
60,291
42,177
639
16,500
282,274
207,564
16,074
1,664
21,154
4,109
5,900
73,244
14,739
24,048
4,113
55,000
395
7,839
16,355
19,971
14,959
159,561
12,972
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TOTAL
1,207,750
Note:Registration figures are not available for the remaining states.
A-17
-------
Province
1983 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registrations
County
Breakdown
Available
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Territories:
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
TOTAL
23,001
59,593*
21,767
9,590
50,000
9,750
169,385
3,637
60,918
16,855
445
No statistics available
424,941
X
*1982 figures used
A-18
-------
1982 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Naw Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registrations
2,522
5,048
14,087
2,577
18,552
72,682
46,361
56,000
57,178
896
23,000
386,391
220,100
14,064
1,016
35,490
4,015
3,077
85,639
13,660
32,045
7,682
56,459
451
6,986
17,016
28,827
15,161
175,334
12,715
1,415,031
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Note: Registration figures are not available for the remaining states
A-19
-------
1982 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registrations
Province
County
Breakdown
Available
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Territories:
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
TOTAL
24,161
59,593
35,853
12,493*
49,144
11,390*
170,976
3,600
173,094*
17,512
268
No statistics available
X
X
X
X
558,084
*1981 figures used
A-20
-------
1981 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registrations
(as of December 1, 1981)
1,102
5,542
12,832
2,700
19,961
70,822
44,760
60,000
51,511
786
18,696
368,858
228,764
10,944
1,500
26,679
5,392
2,543
86,907
14,900
32,045
7,544
55,763
400
4,695
14,984
22,223
14,194
162,600
9,468
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TOTAL
1,359,115
Note: Registration figures are not available
for the remaining states.
A-21
-------
1981 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current County
Registrations Breakdown
Province (as of December 1, 1981) Available
Alberta 26,364
British Columbia 46,031 X
Manitoba 36,788
New Brunswick 12,493 X
Newfoundland 46,550
Nova Scotia 11,390 X
Ontario 165,882
Prince Edward Island 3,582 X
Quebec 173,094
Saskatchewan 19,069
Territories:
Yukon Territory 398
Northwest Territories ! No statistics available
TOTAL 541,641
A-22
-------
1980 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Current
Registration Estimated
SurveY Unregistered
4,618
6,335 3,276
13,776 8,000
5,016
20,705
68,188
44,513
58,929
40,869
106
35,147
465,038
286,035
8,315
1,037
16,755 5,000
5,044
2,207 448
121,713
13,157
21,973
8,458
68,961 20,000
300
6,855
17,211 5-10%
21,818
12,748
212,605 40,000
9,806 10-15,000
County
Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TOTAL 1,598,238
Note: Registration figures are not available for the
remaining states.
A-23
-------
1980 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Current
Registration
Estimated
County
Breakdown
Available
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Territories:
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territory
TOTAL
25,180
42,056
13,395
12,858
38,000
12,221
195,184
3,400
46,000
24,300
75-80,000
x
x
X
75,000
105,000
x
x
x
x
310 2,000
NO statistics available
412,904
A-24
-------
State
1979 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
County 1978
Current Breakdown Registration
.5®Sfi§tE§^i22§ dY§ii§^i§ §U£YSZ
U. S. Total
1,682,956
1,643,608
Notes
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Sub Total
Nevada (est)
West Virginia (est)
Delaware (est)
Virginia (est)
All other states (est)
3,539
7,176
13,687
6,630
21,726
58,317
34,883
74,510
63,646
104
37,865
444,212
300,467
28,263
2,200
36,761
5,201
1,702
121,713
21,031
12,855
7,822
66,195
339
7,617
17,244
31,328
14,362
216,821
10.040
1,668,256
2,500
5,450
200
550
6,000
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10,081
5,744
11,257
7,119
14,594
45,882
10,481
54,470
67,345
101
47,000
409,266
307,985
15,355
1,110
35,905
4,521
2,509
130,109
18,128
11,290
7,529
78,000
378
7,513
16,207
31,281
14,278
255,908
8,862
1,630,208
2,400
5,350
150
500
5,000
1
2
3
4
1. Start of new 2-year registration period for all snowmobiles,
2. Estimated 3,242 unregistered.
3. Estimated 8,000 unregistered.
4. Estimated 1,000 unregistered.
A-25
-------
1979 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Current
County
Breakdown
1978
Registration
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward
Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Territories:
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
Canada Total
U. S. Total }
GRAND TOTAL
27,626
40,000
49,159
17,403
37,144
16,171
195,000 est.
1,524
175,678
24,540
173
7,000
591,418
1,682,956
2,274,374
x
23,956
37,013
38,357
20,399
32,284
13,912
199,502
2,956
223,293
21,576
388
2,100
615,736
1,643,608
2,259,344
1. Estimated 1979 data; Registrar of Motor Vehicles, Northwest Territories
A-26
-------
1978 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State ,
County
Current Breakdown
Registrations Available
1977
Registration
Survey
Delaware (est) 150
Virginia (est) 500
All other states (est)5,000
U. S. Total
1,640,793
1,606,318
notes
Alaska
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
. New Mexico
»ork
Dakota
, • . '
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Sub Total
Nevada (est)
West Virginia
10,081
5,744
11,257
7,119
14,594
45,882
10,481
54,470
67,345
101
47,000
409,266
307,985
15,355
1,110
35,905
4,521
2,509
130,109
18,128
11,290
7,529
78,000
345
7,513
13,425
31,281
14,278
255,908
8,862
1,627,393
2,400
(est) 5,350
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X ,
9,146
5,363
11,003
7,859
14,306
38,673
13,993
51,019
71,502
82
46,000
381,803
316,886
22,978
346
41,887
4,238
2,097
132,301
25,115
8,967
6,791
72,550
367
7,896
11,752
32,222
9,420
245,542
7,214
1,599,318
2,000
5,000
1
2
3
3
1
4
4.
estimate of 2,000 unreqistered
breakdown available for 1976 only
registration procedure
County breakdown available 9/78
A-27
-------
1978 NORTH AMERICAN SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
Province
County
Current Breakdown
Registrations Available
1977
Registration
Survey
Sub Total
Canada Terri-
tories (est)
Canada Total
U. S. Total
GRAND TOTAL
636,055
25,000
661,055
1,640,793
2,301,848
623,199
22,000
645,199
1,606,318
2,251,517
notes
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
Otl+"3 7*1 O
WilU.CLJL^U
Prince Edward
Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
23,956 x
37,013
38,879
20,399
32,284
13,912 x
TIC) 1f\A n7rt */ 7if /
2,956
235,776
21,576
18,087
33,742
30,374
22,788
27,000
13,826
699
227,587
24,096
1
2
alL "i A
Of J f *i
5
1. Final 1978 registration figure available 7/78
2. County breakdown available 11/78
3. Estimated 1977 figure
4. Official estimate of 75,000 unregistered
5. Revised registration procedure
A-28
-------
1977 SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
State
Alaska (est.)
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
raska
Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Jbtotal
Nevada (est.)
W. Virginia (est.)
TOTAL
1977
Registration
15,000
5,363
11,003
7,859
14,306
38,673
13,993
51,019
71,502
82
46,000
381,803
316,886
22,978
346
41,887
4,238
2,097
132,301
25,115
8,967
6,791
72,550
367
7,896
11,752
32,222
9,420
245,542
7,214
1,605,172
2,000
5,000
County Breakdown
Available
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1,612,172
Revised 10/14/77
1976
Registration
9,945
6,655
12,991
4,043
19,886
34,375
18,688
51,454
71,222
48
36,800
374,458
306,270
16,854
325
42,055
4,715
1,633
149,401
22,533
4,387
7,864
53,952
390
9,746
15,232
34,806
11,940
241,395
8,621
1,572,684
1,900
4,700
1,579,284
A-29
-------
Province
1977 SNOWMOBILE
REGISTRATION SURVEY
1977
Registration
County Breakdown
Available
1971
Registra^Ton
Alberta 18,087
British Columbia 33,742
Manitoba 30,374
New Brunswick 22,788
Nova Scotia 13,826
Ontario 225,000
Prince Edward Is. 699
Quebec 227,587
Saskatchewan 24,096
19,919
31,460
45,236
24,600
17,656
209,120
1,672
223,544
26,964
TOTAL
596,199
600,171
A-30
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
APPENDIX B:
MIC STATE POPULATION, ANNUAL USAGE,
SEASONAL USAGE ESTIMATES
Source: MIC, Burke Marketing Research
EPA/OAR Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
'Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
MOTORCYCLE
INDUSTRY
COUNCIL, INC.
EXECUTIVE
OFFICE
2 Jenner Street. Suite 150. Irvine. CA 92718 • (714) 727-4211 • FAX I714) 727-4217
1990 SURVEY
OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
FINAL RESULTS. WAVES 1-12
• MAY, 1991
VOLUME II
CONDUCTED FOR THE
MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRY COUNCIL, INC.
BY
BURKE MARKETING RESEARCH
Copyright 1991. Motorcycle Industry Council
This information may not be distributed to any other company, association, government
agency, or other entity, or used in any advertisement or other public communication
without the exoress written permission of the Motorcycle Industry Council.
B-l
-------
INTRODUCTION
Background
Every 5 years the MIC intends to conduct a major telephone consumer survey of
motorcycle, mini-cycle, scooter, moped and ATV owners and non-owners. It's purpose
is to provide nationally projectable data on U.S. motorcycle ownership and usage, to
update information on the motorcycle market and to provide comparisons for a trend
analysis. This is the third report prepared by Burke Marketing Research. The first
survey was conducted in 1974.
Purpose
The primary purpose of this research is to provide information to support MIC
programs in government relations, land use, technical issues, public awareness and
statistics. The secondary purpose is to provide information to MIC members.
Method/Interviewine Dates/Locations
Burke Marketing Research conducted telephone interviews via CRT's from its WA iS
interviewing facility in Cincinnati, Ohio from January through December, 1990. A
twelve month period was used for the entire study to eliminate seasonal bias. Weekday
late afternoon/evening and weekend dialing was used. All interviews were completed
by "exclusively Burke" investigators operating under constant supervision. Up to six
callbacks on identified owning households were made, and additional callbacks if felt
to be productive. ' • .
Research Design
Telephone interviews were conducted via CRTs. There was an owner and a non-owner
version of the questionnaire. The following is an outline of each version.
Questionnaire Outline
Screening and Ownership
Non-Owner
Previous Ownership
Reasons Never or No Longer Own
Importance of Reasons For Not Owning
Household Operators of Vehicles in Past Year
Attitude toward Motorcycles/ATV's
Reasons for Attitude
Demographics
BMRS 40-083
B-2
-------
INTRODUCTION 2
Owner
Vehicles Currently Owned
Year, Make, Model, Engine Size of Vehicles
Where Vehicle Operated
Number of Wheels on ATVs
Whether or Not In Running Order
Number of Household Member Operators
Number of Operators on the Streets/Off-Highway
Primary Rider Questions
Month/Year Vehicle Purchased New/Used
Where Purchased
Where Vehicle Operated
Street Riding
Annual Mileage
Usage By Season/Weekend/Urban vs. Rural
Primary Means of Transportation
Fuel Consumption
Commuting
Helmet Usage
Motorcycle Licensing and Rider Education
Off-Highway Riding
Usage by Season/Weekend/Urban vs. Rural
Mileage of ATV for Utility Purposes
Days, Miles, Hours, Gallons Used for Vehicle
Fuel Consumetion
i
Helmet Usage . \
Motorcycle Aftermarket
Muffler System Replacement I
Purchase of Riding Aooarels
O 4 *. !
Maintenance of Vehicle j
Insurance Coverage j
Demographics and Interests |
i
A copy of the questionnaire and all field supplies can be found in the Appendix of this
report.
B MRS 40-088
B-3
-------
INTRODUCTION
Sample
A total of 1896 (approximately 158 per month) interviews of motorcycle owners were
completed from January through December 1990 using Super Survey Sampling
National Probability Sample (NFS). Completes with incorrect or non-classifiable
vehicles as the selected vehicle were deleted each month from the data, and replaced in
following months. A total of 43 NFS interviews had to be deleted from the data
throughout the year. The sample was plus 1 and our Telephone Number Management
System (TNMS) was used to monitor the quota, control callbacks, and release sample
efficiently.
A total of 1204 interviews (100 per month) of households not currently owning a
motorcycle were also completed using the NFS.
An additional 699 interviews of motorcycle owners were completed using Piggyback
sample. A piggyback question screening for motorcycle owners was asked on other
Burke studies to obtain this sample. Again, completes with an invalid selected vehicle
were deleted, and replaced in following months. A total of 27 piggyback completes had
to be deleted throughout the year.
The final dispositions can be found in the appendix of this report.
Sample Control
Control of sampling was executed on a month by month basis. A new random sample
was drawn each month to provide discrete time segments over which sample analysis
could be evaluated.
Multiple Ownership
For households owning more than one motorcycle, a random selection procedure of all
vehicles in. operation was used to select one vehicle for the in-depth interview.
Respondent Selection
The primary rider of each selected motorcycle was interviewed. Names of the primary
riders were collected to do an analysis of what else they ride. The assistance of an adult
for children under 12 may have been sought. However, the demographics will be of the
child, not the adult.
BMR# 40-088
B-4
V 1
-------
INTRODUCTION 4
rt the end of each.month, Burke sent to MIC a computerized print out of the owner
completes sorted by make with the phone number and information about the vehicle's
year, brand, model, engine type, nominal engine size and actual engine size. MIC
recontacted respondents if necessary to obtain information to make the interview a
valid complete. MIC returned these sheets for key-punching and indicated those to be
deleted due to insufficient or incorrect information.
A print out of the other responses for QB was sent to MIC monthly, along with other
responses for Q's 26,36,41,43,56,59,61,69 and N4. A pre-list was developed for Q61
magazines.
Interpretation of the Data
1) Questions (tables) based on TOTAL VEHICLES and TOTAL VEHICLES EN
RUNNING ORDER are run against Banners A-D.
2) Questions (tables) based on SELECTED VEHICLES are run against Banners A-G.
3) Questions (tables) based on NON-OWNERS are run against Banner H-I.
B-5
-------
INTRODUCTION
Number of Bikes Owned
For interviews from January - April, the number of bikes owned is the number of bikes
asked about, up to 5. For interviews from May - December, the number is the exact
number of bikes owned, from QX2, which was added to the interview in May.
Non-Owner Weightine
The non-owner tables, as was done in the 1985 wave, are weighted 50% male, 50%
female.
In some instances, base sizes are small. Where this occurs, caution should be
used in the interpretation of data.
Individual bases within the banner may add to less than the Total base because
some respondents refused, were unable to answer or were not asked some '
questions. Bases may add to more than the Total when base selections are not
mutually exclusive.
In some cases, percentages may add to slightly more or less than 100% due to
rounding. Percentages may also add to more than 100% due to the acceptance of
more than one answer from a respondent to a particular question.
When means were calculated, "Don't Know" answers 'were removed from the
base.
Throughout this report, the data are presented with numbers appearing on each
line with the corresponding percentages immediately below them.
A blank space or a dash indicates no response was made for a particular answer
or comment.
The abbreviation "N.S." means "Non-Specific."
*
The word "Net" often appears after the description of a category. A given
respondent may have made more than one comment in the detail lines beneath
the category net but is counted only once in the net line.
BMRS 40-088
B-6
-------
GEOGRAPHIC POPULATION
-------
CO
I1MR / 10-008
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TABLE 33A
STATE
IIASE-SELECIED VEHICLES
EAST (NET)
NEW ENGLAND (SUO-HET)
CONNECTICUT
MAINE
MASSACHUSETTS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
RHODE ISLAND
VERMONT
MIDDLE ATLANTIC (SUO^
NJ|H
DELAWARE
MARYLAND
NEW JERSEY
NEW YORK
PENNSYLVANIA
WEST VIRGINIA
MIDWEST (NET)
C A ST CENTRAL (SUII-NET)
I L.I. I HO I S
I til)! AHA
MODEL TYPE
TOTAL
2505
472
18.2
1 1 1
4.3
10
0.7
17
0.7
40
t .0
14
0.5
a
0.3
4
012
361
13.0
S
0.2
40
1 .5
40
1 .8
1 10
4.6
125
4. B
26
1 .0
777
29.0
300
14.0
04
3 .0
02
2.4
SCOOT
1
80
1 1
13.8
3
3.8
1
1 .3
-
-
2
2.5
-
-
-
-
-
- _
8
10.0
-
-
1
1.3
-
-
4
5.0
3
3.8
-
_
1 22
27.5
12
15.0
4
5.0
1
1 .3
ON-
HWY
2
1340
203
21.0
73
5.4
12
0.0
10
0.7
31
2.3
8
0.6
B
0.6
"'••; 4
0.3
220
16.4
1
0. I
30
2.2
28
2. 1
82
6. 1
72
5.4
7
0.5
446
33.3
210
16.3
54
4. 0
30
2.0
DUAL
PURP
3
223
20
0.0
2
0.0
-
-
1
0.4
1
0.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
a. i
-
-
-
-
3
1 .3
2
0.0
1 1
4.0
2
0.0
65
20. 1
20
12.0
5
2.2
3
1 .3
OFF
HWY
4
143
16
11.2
3
2. 1
-
-
-
-
3
2. 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
0. 1
I
0.7
1
0.7
-
-
4
2.8
0
4.2
1
0.7
35
24.5
21
14.7
4
2.n
3
2. 1
COMP
5
100
32
16.2
12
6. 1
3
1.5
2
1 .0
5
2.5
2
1.0
-
-
-
-
20
10. 1
-
-
-
-
5
2.5
8
4.0
4
2.0
3
1.5
40
20.2
21
10.0
0
3.0
1
0.5
A TV
8
000
too
16.4
IB
3.0
3
0.5
4
0.7
7
1 . 1
4
0.7
-
-
-
-
82
13.5
3
0.5
8
1 .3
10
1 .6
10
3. 1
20
4.8
13
2. 1
108
27.6
05
M.O
21
3.4
15
ALL
MOTOR/
SCOOT
1-5
1084
372
18. a
03
4.7
16
0.8
13
0.7
42
2.1
10
0.5
B
0.4
4
0.2
270
14.1
2
0. 1
32
1.6
36
1 .8
100
5.0
00
4.8
13
0.7
008
30.6
301
15.2
73
3.7
47
2.4
SCOOT/
ON-
ItWY
1-2
1420
304
21.4
76
5.4
13
0.0
10
0.7
33
2.3
B
0.6
8
0.6
4
0.3
226
16. 1
1
0. 1
31
2.2
28
2.0
86
6. 1
75
5.3
7
0.5
468
33.0
231
10.3
58
4. 1
40
2.0
OFF/
COMP/
ATV
4-6
050
148
15.6
33
3.5
6
0.6
6
0.6
IS
1.6
6
0.6
-
-
-
-
1 IS
12. 1
4
0.4
0
0.0
15
1.6
31
3.3
30
4. I
17
1.8
243
25.6
127
13.4
31
3.3
10
2.0
OFF/
COMP
4-5
341
48
14. 1
15
4.4
' 3
0.0
2
0.6
8
2.3
2
0.6
-
-
-
—
33
9.7
1
0.3
1
0.3
5
1 .5
12
3.5
10
2.0
4
1.2
75
22.0
42
12.3
to
2.9
4
I .2
UN-Ill HI IWAT
BY SPECIFIC TVPE
STAN-
DARD
813
173
21.3
45
5.5
7
0.9
7
0.0
19
2.3
5
0.6
6
0.7
1
0. 1
128
15.7
-
-
17
2. 1
16
2.0
48
5.0
45
S.S
2
0.2
201
34.6
135
16.6
32
3.0
16
2.0
CRUIS
272
66
24.3
tt
4.0
4
1.5
3
1 .1
1
0.4
2
0.7
t
0.4
-
-
55
20.2
-
-
10
3.7
10
3.7
21
7.7
12
4.4
2
0.7
63
30.5
40
14.7
0
3.3
11
4.0
SPORT
BIKE
OO
17
18.9
6
6.7
• -
-
-
-
S
5.6
-
1
1.1
-
—
It
12.2
1
1.1
-
-
-
-
6
6.7
3
3.3
t
1.1
30
33.3
17
18.9
4
4.4
3
3.3
TOUR
150
35
22.4
11
7.1
t
0.6
-
-
6
3.8
1
0.6
-
-
3
1 .9
24
IS. 4
-
-
3
1.9
2
1.3
6
3.8
II
7.1
2
1.3
50
32. 1
25
16.0
9
5.B
9
5.8
7 FEB 91
-------
DMT1 / 10-008
MIC SURVEY OF MOTOnCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TADLE 33A
STATE
'ART. ?
7 rrn g
MODEL TVPE
SCOOT
TOTAL 1
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
MICHIGAN
OHIO
WEST CENTRAL (SUB-
N§I1
IOWA
KANSAS
MINNESOTA
Mtssount
NEBRASKA
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WISCONSIN
• ,
SOUTH (NET)
SOUTH EAST (SUB-NET)
ALABAMA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
MISSISSIPPI
2595
121
4.7
too
4.2
391
15. 1
45
1.7
OB
2.8
94
3.0
56
2.2
27
1.0
12
0.5
11
0.4
78
3.0
640
24.7
420
16.2
41
1.6
71
2.7
42
1.0
41
1.6
37
1 .4
BO
0
7.5
1
1.3
10
12.5
2
2.5
3
3.0
2
2.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3. a
19
23.8
11
13.8
-
-
4
6.0
-
-
1
1.3
-
-
OH-
IIWY
2
1340
53
4.0
73
5.4
227
10.9
20
1.9
39
2.9
45
3.4
31
2.3
IB
1.3
6
0.4
5
0.4
57
4.3
297
22.2
204
15.2
13
1.0
45
3.4
17
1.3
19
1 .4
12
0.0
DUAL
PUHP
3
223
17
7.6
3
1.3
37
16.6
8
3.6
8
3.0
9
4.0
2
0.9
2
0.9
2
0.9
2
0.9
4
1.8
33
14.8
IB
8.1
1
0.4
2
0.9
2
0.9
3
1.3
1
0.4
orp
irwv
4
143
10
7.0
4
2.8
14
9.8
3
2.1
5
3.5
3
2. 1
2
1 .4
1
0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
30. 1
30
21.0
2
1.4
1
0.7
5
3.5
5
3.5
1
O. T
COMP
5
too
0
3.0
8
4.0
19
9.0
—
-
3
1 .5
5
2.5
0
3.0
1
0.5
-
.
3
1 .5
1
0.5
40
23.2
29
14.0
4
2.0
7
3.5
2
1.0
4
2.0
t
n.r.
ALL
MOTOR/
ATV SCOOT
0 1-5
009
29
4.0
20
3.3
83
13.0
0
t .0
10
1 .0
30
4.9
15
2.5
5
0.0
4
0.7
1
0.2
12
2.0
202
33.2
120
21.0
21
3.4
12
2.0
10
2.0
0
1 .5
2Z
n. n
1904
92
4.0
09
4.5
307
15.5
39
2.0
50
2.0
04
3.2
41
2.1
22
1.1
B
0.4
10
0.5
05
3.3
430
22.1
202
14.7
20
1 .0
59
3.0
20
1.3
32
1 .0
15
n.n
SCOOT/
ON-
IIWV
1-2
1470
59
4.2
74
5.2
237
10.7
70
2.0
42
3.0
47
3.3
31
2.2
10
1.3
0
0.4
5
0.4
60
4.2
3)0
22.3
215
15. 1
13
0.0
40
3.5
17
1.2
20
1 .4
12
n.n
• •
orr/
COMP/
ATV
4-0
050
45
4.7
32
3.4
1 10
12.2
0
0.0
10
1.0
30
4.0
23
2.4
7
0.7
4
0.4
4
0.4
13
1.4
291
30.0
107
10.7
77
2.0
70
2.1
23
2.4
10
t .9
24
7.r»
i ii
or'rV -
C'QMP
4-5
341
10
4.7
12
3.5
33
0.7
3
0.9
0
2.3
0
2.3
0
2.3
2
0.6
-
-
3
0.9
1
0.3
80
20. 1
59
17.3
. 0
1 .0
0
2.3
7
2. 1
9
2.0
2
n.n
n
VI» — 1 1 1 V*' '**/> »
nv SPECIFIC TYPE
STAN-
DARD
OJ3
30
4.4
51
0.3
140
10.0
17
2.1
20
3.0
20
3.0
21
2.0
7
0.0
3
0.4
2
0.2
3B
4.7
171
21.0
1 10
14.3
10
1 .2
21
2.0
7
0.0
1 1
1 .4
0
1 .0
1 U
cnuis
272
7
2.0
13
4.0
43
15.0
2
0.7
7
2.0
7
2.0
4
1 .5
0
3.3
7
0.7
2
0.7
10
3.7
50
21.3
39
14.3
-
-
9
3.3
0
2.2
2
0.7
2
n . T
1
SPOUT
nine
90
4
4.4
0
0.7
13
14.4
2
2.2
1
1 . 1
5
5.0
2
2.2
1
1 . 1
-
-
-
-
2
2.2
72
24.4
10
20.0
-
-
0
0.7
2
2.2
1
1 . 1
1
1 . 1
7
TOUM
150
1
2.0
3
1 .9
20
10.0
5
3.2
2
1 .3
4
2.0
4
7.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
7
4.5
43
77.0
79
10.0
3
1 .0
0
5.0
1
0.0
5
3.2
1
n. n
i
op
CQ
-------
4o-oofl
MIC SURVEY or MotoncvcLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
lADLP: 33A
s i A i n
PAGE 3
7 rno 01
MODEL TYPE
tJASC-SF.LECIEO VEHICLES
SOUTH CAROLIMA
_ 1ENNESSEE
UJ
VII1CIMI A
SOUIII WEST (SUD-HET)
ARKANSAS
LOUISIANA
OKLAHOMA
ICXAS
WESI INEO
ROCKY MOUNTAIN (SUD-
NETl
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
MONTANA
tinvAOA
U I All
nr « ur. x i co
HVOM 1 M(".
TOTAL
2GOS
30
1 .5
50
1 .0
54
2. 1
220
8.5
20
1 .0
30
1 .4
41
1 .0
1 1 1
4.3
700
27.2
204
10.0
40
1.8
52
2.0
1 1 1
4.3
12
0.5
20
0.0
22
O.B
M
0 .0
7
ft ^
SCOOT
1
80
-
-
4
5.0
I
t .3
a
10.0
\
\ .3
1
1 .3
2
2.S
4
5.0
28
35.0
2
2.5
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
1
1.3
1
1 .3
_
_
_
_
ON-
IIWY
2
1340
23
1 .7
21
1 .0
31
2.3'
03-
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
23
1 .7
54
4.0
304
22.7
120
0.0
25
1 .0
30
2.2
30
2.0
0
0.4
G
0.4
1 1
0.0
10
0. 7
3
n . ?
DUAL
PUItP
3
223
1
0.4
3
1 .3
2
0.0
15
0.7
2
0.0
1
0.4
2
0.0
10
4.5
105
47. 1
51
22.0
3
1 .3
0
3.0
33
14.0
1
0.4
2
0.0
3
1 .3
1
0 . 4
-
-
OFT
IIWY
4
143
4
2.0
2
1 .4
5
3.5
13
0. 1
-
-
1
0. 7
5
3.5
7
4.0
40
34.3
10
13.3
1
0.7
1
0.7
12
0.4
1
0.7
2
1 .4
1
0.7
-
-
1
0. 7
COMP
5
100
2
1 .0
2
1 .0
4
2.0
17
8.0
-
-
4
2.0
4
2.0
0
4.5
00
40.4
25
12.0
3
J.S
7
3.5
5
2.5
1
0.5
5
2.0
2
1 .0
1
0.5
1
0.0
A1V
0
009
0
1.3
18
3.0
11
1 .0
74
12.2
15
2.5
21
3.4
1 1
1 .0
27
4.4
130
22.0
SO
0.5
14
2.3
0
1 .0
22
3.0
3
0.5
5
0.0
4
0.7
2
0.3
2
0.3
ALL SCOOT/
M010R/ ON-
SCOOT HWY
1-0 1-2
1004
30
1 .5
32
1 .0
43
2.2
140
7.4
1 1
O.G
15
0.8
30
1 .8
04
4.2
500
20.5
225
1 1.3
32
1 .0
40
2.3
00
4.4
0
0.5
15
0.0
10
0.0
12
0.0
n
0.3
1420
23
1.0
25
1 .8
32
2.3
101
7. 1
0
0.0
0
0.0
25
1 .0
G8
4. 1
332
23.4
130
0.2
25
1.8
30
2. 1
38
2.7
0
0.4
0
0.4
12
0.0
10
0. 7
3
0.2
- ' "
OFF/
COMP/
ATV
4-0
050
14
1.5
22
2.3
20
2,1
104
10.0
15
1.0
20
2.7
20
2. 1
43
4.C
268
28.2
102
10.7
18
1.0
14
1.5
30
4. 1
6
0.5
12
1.3
7
0.7
3
0.3
4
0.4
t r» it
orr./ -
CdMP
4-5'-
34- 1
0
1 .0
4
1 .2
0
2.0
30
0.0
-
- '
5
1 .5
0
2.0
10
4.7
129
37.8
44
12.0
4
1.2
8
2.3
17
5.0
2
0.0
7
2.1
3
0.0
1
0.3
2
0.0
M •*.
UW-MIlillBAY
I)Y SPECIFIC TVPE
STAN-
DAMO
'013
0
1.1
11
1.4
23
2.0
55
0.0
2
0.2
0
0.7
IB
2.2
29
3.0
IBB
23.1
70
0.7
7
0.0
10
2.3
20
3.4
3
0.4
3
0.4
0
1.0
8
1.0
3
0.4
inn
cnuisv
272
0
2.2
5
1.8
5
1.8
10
7.0
5
1 .8
2
0.7
2
0.7
10
3.7
05
23.0
31
11.4
12
4.4
0
3.3
6
1.8
1
0.4
1
0.4
2
0.7
1
0.4
—
-
nt
S'PO'HT
• DIKE
00
4
4.4
2
2.2
-
-
4
4.4
1
1.1
-
-
-
—
3
3.3
21
23.3
e
6.7
3
3.3
-
-
2
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1 . 1
-
—
ir.
TOUR
156
3
1.9
3
1 .9
3
1.9
M
0.0
-
-
-
-
3
1.8
1 t
7.1
20
17.9
10
0.4
3
1.0
1
0.6
3
1.0
2
1.3
-
-
1
0.6
-
-
-
-
in
-------
BMR 1 40-080
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TABLE 33A
STATE
7 r r. II 91
MODEL TYPE
SCOOT
TOTAL 1
HWY
2
PURP
3
IIWY
4
COUP
5
ATV
6
ALL
SCOOT
1-5
SCOOT/ OFF/
IMY
1-2
ATV COUP
4-6
4-5
DV SPECIFIC TVPE
STAN-
DARD cnuis
SPOHT
DIKE
TOUR
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
CALIFORNIA
OREGON
WASHINGTON
TOTAL
2505
256
80 1340
18
111
223
26
143
16
100
30
600 1084 1420 050 341
0.0 22.5 8.3 11.7 11.2 10.7
46 210
7.0 10.6
130
101
55
0.1 10.0 16.1
013
CO
0.5
272
20
00
13
7.4 14.4
150
5.0
64
2.5
102
3.0
2505
4
5.0
4
5.0
00
15
1.1
50
3.7
1340
11
4.0
17
7.6
223
6
4.2
B
5.6
143
11
5.6
5
2.5
100
17
2.0
10
3.0
000
47
2.4
84
4.2
1084
10
1 .3
54
3.8
1420
34
3.6
31
3.3
050
17
5.0
. 13
3.0
341
0
0.7
34
4.2
813
5
1 .8
0
3.3
272
-
-
2
2. 2
00
4
2.0
5
3.2
150
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 tOO.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
o
CO
-------
ANNUAL USAGE
-------
OMII / io-onu
MIC SUIIVEY Ol: MOIOUCYCLE OWNERSHIP AMI) USAGE
OWMCIIS
1AIJLE 47
MII.HS HIDDEN IM PAST 12 MONTHS OPF-HOAO
Q.3I
23 MAY Ot
REGION
REGION
IIASU-SELECTED VEHICLES
orp-noAi)
0 - 75
7C> - '.iO
r. i - 75
70 - 100
101 - 200
701 - 300
301 - 100
101 - GOO
50 I - I .000
I .00 I - 1 .500
i .r.o i - 2.000
7 .001 - 12 .000
lion • r KMOW
I (I ! A I
TOTAL
1200
320
25.9
102
14 . 1
45
3.5
135
10.0
151
1 1 .9
91
7 .4
3 1
'2.1
77
6. 1
• 02
0.5
12
0.9
• 21
I .9
32
2.5
75
5 .0
I 200
IOO.O
?o;
17
•""
EAST
19 1
13
22.5
21
I2.0
3
1 .0
21
11.0
20
11.7
11
7 .3
3
I . 0
20
10.5
12
0.3
2
1 .0
5
2.C
9
1.7
7
3 . 7
10 1
100.0
3 JO
GOT.
19
i i n
MID
WEST
330
91
27 .0
52
15,0
13
3.. 9
30
10.9
30
11.5
23
7.0
• 10
.3.0
; . . 10
"5.5
17
5.2
2
0.0
5
1 .5
0
2.1
17
5 . 2
330
100.0
7 t)G
GCI
37
nn
SOUTH
357
90
27.5
53
11.0
17
1.0
27
7.0
37
10.1
30
0.1
0
I .7
10
5.0
22
G.2
3
0.0
0
2.2
7
2.0
31
0.7
357
100.0
770
507
32
ir,
WEST
390
9G
21. G
53
13. G
12
3. 1
51
13.1
10
12.3
27
G.9
'2
3. 1
21
5.1
31
7.9
5
1 .3
G
1 .5
0
2. 1
20
5. 1
390
100.0
70 1
570
20
inn
MEW
EMC
1 1
0
19.5
2
1.9
-
-
G
11.0
to
21.1
3
7.3
I
2.1
1
9.0
3
7.3
-
-
-
-
2
1.9
2
1 .9
11
100.0
307
G02
10G
ino
Mil)
AIL
150
35
23.3
22
11.7
3
2.0
15
10.0
10
12.0
1 1
7.3
2
1 .3
10
10.7
0
0.0
2
1.3
5
3.3
7
1.7
5
3.3
ISO
mo.o
30 1
GG1
GO
IOO
EAST
CNTRL
ICO
5G
33.3
26
15.5
6
3.G
19
1 1 .3
22
13.1
10
0.0
1
2.1
0
3.G
3
1.0
1
0.0
1
2.1
A
2.4
7
1.2
IfiO
100.0
2'J3
G20
19
r>o
WEST
CNtflL
1G2
35
21. G
2G
1G.O
7
1.3
17
10.5
10
0.9
13
n.o
G
3.7
12
7.1
11
O.G
1
0.0
1
O.G
4
2.5
IO
0.2
1G2
100.0
322
G9G
5G
100
SOUTH
EAST
230
02
27.0
27
1 1 .7
12
5.2
20
0.7
25
10.9
22
O.G
5
2.2
12
5.2
13
5.7
' 1
0.4
5
2.2
4
1 .7
22
9.G
230
100.0
270
515
30
100
SOUIII
'WEST
127
3G
20.3
2G
20.5
5
3.9
7
5.5
12
9.1
0
G.3
1
0.0
e
4.7
9
7. 1
2
1 .G
3
2.4
3
2.4
9
7. 1
127
100.0
202
G07
50
50
HOCKY
MTN
102
37
22.0
21
13.0
0
1.9
24
14. B
22
13. G
15
9.3
G
3. 1
5
3. 1
II
G.O
3
i.g
i
0.0
4
2.5
0
3.7
1G2
100.0
231
374
30
100
• PAC-
. 220
59
25.9
32
14.0
4
1.0
27
1 1 .0
26
1 1 .4
12
5.3
7
3. 1
10
7.0
20
e.o
2
0.9
5
2.2
4
1 .0
14
0. 1
220
100.0
317
613
42
100
-------
BMR / 40-008
MIC SURVEY OF MOTOnCVCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
1AI3I.E 49
PERCENT OF RIDING DONE ON WEEKENDS OFF-ROAD
Q.33
7 rr" 9
MODF.L TYPE
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-nOAD
0 - BX
10 - 10
70 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49
50 - 59
60 - 69
70-79
BO - 89
90 - 100X
DON'T KNOW
TOTAL
MEAN
STO. OEV.
STD. ERR.
MEDIAN
TOTAL
1268
04
5.0
48
3.8
77
0.1
53
4.2
27
2.1
145
11.4
43
3.4
173
13.6
141
M.I
450
35.5
47
3.7
1208
SCOOT
1
21
2
9.5
2
9.5
-
-
2
9.5
-
-
3
14.3
1
4.8
6
28.6
3
14.3
I
4.8
1
4.8
21
riM
WFI —
»IWV
2
106
8
7.5
8 '
7.5
2
1.9
3
2.8
2
1.9
14
13.2
3
2.8
7
6.6
10
9.4
44
41.5
5
4.7
106
ni t A I
UUAL
punp
3
203
11
5.4
7
3.4
10
4.9
0
3.9
5
2.5
17
8.4
7
3.4
28
13.8
20
9.0
86
42.4
4
2.0
203
f\ fi c
Ul n
iiwv
4
MO
0
4.3
2
1 .4
0
0.4
7
5.0
9
0.4
21
15.0
4
2.9
15
10.7
14
10.0
47
33.6
6
4.3
140
COUP
5
1D4
7
3.6
7
3.0
7
3.0
• 7
3.0
3
1.5
22
11.3
6
3. 1
19
9.8
28
14.4
83
42.8
5
2.0
194
A.TV
0
603
30
5.0
22
3.0
49
0. t
20
4.3
8
1.3
00
11.3
22
3.0
90
16.3
00
10.0
100
31.2
26
4.3
003
ALL
urt T f\n /
f*\J 1 VM /
SCOOT
1-5
004
34
5, t
20
3.0
20
4.2
27
4. 1
19
2.9
77
1 1.0
21
3.2
75
11.3
75
11.3
201
39.3
21
3.2
004
SCOOT/
nil
UM -~
IIWV
1.-2
127
10
7.9
10
7.0
2
1 .0
5
3.0
2
1 .0
17
13.4
4
3. 1
13
10.2
13
10.2
45
35.4
0
4.7
127
OFF/
mup /
\,W**I /
ATV
4-0
037
43
4.0
31
3.3
05
0.0
40
4.3
20
2.1
1 1 1
11.8
32
3.4
132
14. 1
108
1 1 .5
318
33.0
37
3.0
037
f\r. r. t "
\Jt I / • •
COMP
4-5 '
334
13
3.9
0
2.7
10
4.0
14
4.2
12
3.0
43
12.0
10
3.0
34
10.2
42
12.0
130
30.9
1 1
3.3
334
un
DY SP
STAN-
DARD .
85
0
7. 1
7
0.2
2
2.4
2
2.4
1
1 .2
t 1
12.0
3
3.5
5
5.9
8
9.4
35
41 .2
5
5.0
00
— 1 1 1 \jl 1W
ncinc
cnu is
12
2
10.7
-
-
-
-
_
-
i
8.3
2
10.7
_
-
1
8.3
1
0.3
5
41 .7
-
-
12
« T ,
TYPE
SPonr
DIKH
4
_
-
-
-
-
-
1
25.0
.
-
1
25.0
_
-
1
25.0
-
-
1
25.0
-
-
4
ioun
4
—
-
1
75.0
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
1
25.0
2
DO.O
-
-
4
•N
CO
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
67.88 54.75 68.11 70.00 60.52 72.08 05.04 00.57 05.00 07.50 70.30
30.85 29.71 34.33 31.09 29.02 29.23 30.00 30..02 33.00 30.37 20.04
0.80 0.64 3.42 2.20 2.50 2.13 1.20 1.22 3.00 1.01 1.00
75.00 70.00 80.00 00.00 75.00 00.00 75.00 00.00 75.00 75.00 00.00
00.05 GO.25 05.00 70.00
34.50 37.24 70.50 40.02
3.00 10.75 14.29 20.41
00.00 75.00 02.50 B5.00
-------
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AMD USAGE
•OWN E ItS
TAIRE 53
MUMiirii on DAYS noue VEHICLE IM PAST 12 MONTHS OFF-ROAD
0.3?
1 FED 01
MODEL TYPE
DASE-SELECTEO VEHICLES
usno orr-noAD
i - 5
o-io
I I - 15
10 - 20
2 I - 30
31-40
41-50
51 - 75
70 - 100
101 - ISO
151 - 200
Ovl n ?ni)
I . •• I • !•(!•
I t •.
TOTAL
1200
102
15. 1
136
10.7
S3
0.5
05
7.5
150
1 1 .8
40
3.8
71
5.0
B5
0.7
102
0.0
02
4.0
03
5.0
no
7 .0
02
7 . 3
i ?r.n
mo o
SCOOT
1
21
5
23.8
-
-
2
0.5
1
4.8
2
0.5
2
0.5
_
-
3
14.3
1
4.8
1
4.8
1
4.8
2
0.5
1
4 .8
7 1
1 C 0 . 0
ON-
IWY
2
too
20
20.4
IB
17.0
0
5.7
3
2.8
12
1 1 .3
3
2.8
e
6.7
3
2.0
e
G.7
1
0.0
5
4.7
4
3.0
1 1
10.4
too
100 .0
DUAL
punp
3
203
40
10.7
28
13.0
10
8.0
22
10.8
23
1 1.3
0
3.0
10
4.0
a
3.0
0
3.0
10
4.0
3
1 .5
0
3.0
23
11.3
203
100.0
OFF
IMY
4
140
25
17.0
22
15.7
0
5.7
10
7. 1
13
0.3
5
3.0
12
.8.0
0
4.3
10
11 .4
3
2. 1
0
4.3
0
4.3
0
5. 7
MO
100.0
COMP
5
104
31
10.0
20
10.3
0
4.0
14
7.2
20
13.4
3
1.5
10
5.2
17
0.0
10
0.3
11
5.7
0
3. 1
12
0.2
17
H . a
104
100.0
ATV
0
003
03
10.4
40
0.0
40
0.0
44
7.3
74
12.3
20
4.0
33
5.0
40
B.O
53
0.1
30
0.0
42
7.0
50
0.0
32
5.3
003
100.0
ALL SCOOT/ OFF/
MOTOR/ OM- COMP/ OFF/
SCOOT IIWY ATV COMP.
1-5 1-2 4-6 4-S !;.•
004
120
10.4
BO
13.3
43
0.5
SO
7.5
70
11.4
to
2.0
30
6.7
37
6.0
47
7. 1
20
3.0
21
3.2
30
4.5
no
0.0
004
100.0
127
33
20.0
18
14.2
a
0.3
4
3. 1
14
1 1.0
• 6
3.0
a
4.7
B
4.7
7
5.5
2
1.6
0
4.7
0
4.7
12
0.4
127
ino.o
037
1 10
12.7
00
0.6
57
0. 1
00
7.3
113
12.1
37
3.0
55
s. a
71
7.6
80
0.5
50
5.3
54
5. B
77
8.2
57
0. 1
037
100.0
334
50
10.0
42
12.0
17
5. 1
24
7.2
30
1 1 .7
a
2.4
22
6.0
23
6.0
34
10.2
14
4.2
12
3.6
18
5.4
25
7.5
334
100.0
UN-HIGHWAY-
OY SPECIFIC TYPE
STAN-
DARD
85
10
22.4
13
15.3
6
7. 1
3
3.5
1 1
12.0
2
2.4
3
3.5
3
3.6
0
7. 1
1
1 .2
4
4.7
4
4.7
10
1 1 .8
85
100.0
cnuis
12
5
41 .7
4
33.3
_
-
_
-
I
8.3
-
-
1
8.3
-
-
-
-
-
• -
1
8. 3
—
-
-
-
' 12
100.0
SPORT
DIKE
4
1
25.0
1
25.0
—
-
_
-
-
-
1
25.0
1
25.0
-
-
. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
100.0
TOUR
4
2
50.0
-
-
-
-
_
-
• -
-
-
-
1
25.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
1
25.0
4
100.0
r,o.?o or..;o 4«.o; 10.02 51.in 01.71 oi.on r.o.io to.33 72.00 57.21 50.40 25.00 25.25 10.33
o.- .-. n« 07 74 or, nn.nn nn.io no.no n-i.io 72.an 70.00 no.70 74.01 01.35 45.00 23.40 20.50
-------
SEASONAL USAGE
(Geographic)
-------
-lo-ono
MIC SUI1VEY Or MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
owNcns
1AOLE 4UA
f'EMCCNT OP RIDING DONE IN SPRING OFF-ROAD
Q.32A
1 1 FED 91
REGION
REGION
IIASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OPF-ROAD
OX
t - 0
10 - 10
20 - 29
30 - 30
40 - 40
50 - 59
00 - 00
70 - 70
00 - 00
00 - 100X
DON'T KNOW
TOTAL
MEAN
SID. DCV.
sio. run.
iAH
TOTAL
120B
153
12.1
36
3.0
125
9.0
436
34.4
176
13.0
76
e.o
136
10. 9
26
2.2
25
2.0
10
0.6
13
1 .0
50
3.0
1268
EAST
101
10
0.0
4
2. 1
24
12.0
74'
38.7
26
13.6
10
5.2
21
1 1 .0
9
2.6
4
2. 1
1
0.5
1
0.5
2
1 .0
101
MID
WEST
330
42
12.7
13
3.0
27
8.2
1 1 1
33.6
53
16. I
18
5.5
35
10.6
5
1 .5
6
2.4
1
0.3
5
1 .5
12
3.6
330
SOUTH
357
22
6.2
14
3.0
34
0.5
130
36.4
40
12.0
24
6.7
43
12.0
a
2.2
6
t .7
4
t . t
2
0.6
24
6.7
357
WEST
300
70
17.0
7
1.6
40
10.3
121
31 .0
5t
13. t
24
6.2
30
10.0
10
2.6
7
t .8
4
t .0
5
f .3
12
3.1
300
NEW
ENG
41
4
0.8
2
4.0
4
0.8
16
30.0
7
17. 1
1
2.4
3
7.3
1
2.4
2
4.0
1
2.4
-
-
-
-
41
MID
ATL
150
15
10.0
2
1.3
20
13.3
58
38.7
19
12.7
0
6.0
18
12.0
4
2.7
2
1.3
_
-
t
0.7
2
1.3
150
EAST
CNTRt.
168
23
13.7
B
4.8
16
9.5
53
31.5
24
14.3
6
3.6
18
10.7
6
3.0
6
3.6
_
.-
1
0.6
6
4.0
160
WEST
CNTRL
162
10
11.7
5
3. 1
1 1
6.8
58
35.8
20
17.9
12
7.4
17
10. 5
-
-
2
1.2
1
0.6
4
2.5
4
2.5
162
SOUTH
EAST
230
13
5.7
0
3.9
23
10.0
00
39.1
26
11.3
17
7.4
27
11.7
4
1.7
3
1.3
2
0.9
1
0.4
15
6.5
230
SOUTH
WEST
127
9
7.1
5
3.9
1 1
8.7
40
31.5
20
15.7
7
5.S
19
12.6
4
3. 1
3
2.4
2
1.6
1
0.8
9
7. 1
127
ROCKV
MTN
.102
35
21.6
t
0.6
17
10.5
52
32.1
22
13.6
9
5.6
16
0.9
4
2.S
1
0.6
1
0.6
2
1.2
2
1.2
162
PAC
228
35,
15.4
6
2.6
23
10.1
69
30.3
29
12.7
IS
6.0
23
10. 1
6
2.6
e
2.6
3
1.3
3
1.3
10
4.4
228
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
27.04 20.72 26.06 28.74 25.70 27.76 26.43 26.17 27.75 28.22 20.69 23.85 27.17
10.02 17.60 10.49 17.00 20.20 10.80 17.20 10.54 10.47 16.73 10.33 19.26 20.00
0.54 1.20 1.00 0.07 1.04 3.00 1.42 1.54 1.55 1.14 1.78 1.52 1.42
25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
-------
IIMR * 40-008
MIC SUHVEV OF MOTOnCVCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNENS
TAOI.E 488
PERCENT OF RIDING DONE IN SUMMER OFF-ROAD
Q.32D
it r E n n i
REGION
REG10M
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-ROAD
OX
1 - 9
10 - 10
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 40
50 - SO
00 - 69
70 -79
80 - 80
90 - IOOX
DON'T KNOW
TOTAL
MEAN
STD. DEV.
STD. F.RR.
MEDIAN
TOTAL
1268
83
6.5
17
1.3
08
B.4
289
22.8
131
10.3
101
8.0
256
20.2
.'64
5.0
02
. 4.6
45
3.5
102
8.0
50
3.0
1208
EAST
101
14
7.3
2
1.0
8
4.2
40
20.9
23
12.0
18
0.4
41
21.5
14
7.3
1 1
5.8
6
3. 1
12
6.3
2
1.0
191
MID
WEST :
330
18
5.5
2
0.6
1 1
3.3
58
17.6
42'
12.7
31
0.4
73
22.1
IS
4;5
20'
0. 1
16
4.8
31
9.4
13
. 3.9
• 330
SOUTH
357
22
0.2
7
2.0
25
7.0
106
20.7
34
9.5
24
0.7
00
10.3
10
4.5
9
2.5
9
2.5
13
3.0
23
0.4
357
_WEST
300
20
7.4
6
1.5
24
0.2
as
21.8
32
8.2
20
7.2
73
18.7
19
4.0
22
5.0
14
3.6
46
1 1.8
12
3.1
300
NEW
ENG
41
1
2.4
2
4.0
-
-
12
20.3
3
7.3
4
0.0
9
22.0
3
7.3
2
4.9
1
2.4
4
0.0
-
-
41
MID
ATL
150
13
0.7
-
-
0
5.3
28
in. 7
20
13.3
14
0.3
32
21.3
1 1
7.3
0
0.0
5
3.3
8
5.3
2
1 .3
150
EAST
CNTRL
108
7
4.2
1
0.0
4
2.4
25
14.0
20
11.9
10
11.3
43
25.0
4
3.4
10
e.o
10
0.0
17
10.1
8
4.8
100
WEST
CNTRL
102
1 t
0.8
1
0.0
7
4.3
33
20.4
22
13.0
12
7.4
30
18.5
1 1
0.0
10
0.2
0
3.7
14
0.6
5
3. t
102
SOUTH
EAST
230
10
7.0
5
2.2
13
5.7
74
32.2
10
8.3
17
7.4
43
18.7
1 1
4.0
0
2.0
5
2.2
7
3.0
14
0. 1
230
SOUTH
WEST
127
0
4; 7
2
1 .0
12
0.4
.32
25.2
15
1 1 .8
7
5.5
20
20.5
5
3.0
3
2.4
4
3. 1
6
4.7
0
7. 1
127
nOCKY
HIM
• 102
13
'0.0
3
1 .0
0
5.0
31
10. t
to
0.0
13
0.0
32
10.0
7
4.3
1 1
0.0
5
3. 1
20
12.3
2
1.2
102
PAC
220
10
7.0
3
1 .3
15
0.0
54
23.7
to
7.0
15
0.0
41
1B.O
12
5.3
t 1
4.0
0
3.0
20
1 1 .4
10
4.4
228
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 tOO.O
41.61 41.53 45.60 35.54 43.00 44.00 40.84 47.83 43.52 34.82 30.87 44.08 43.24
26.04 24.56 25.00 22.41 28.78 25.35 24.38 25.58 20.31 21.00 23.34 28.03 20.72
0.75 1.79 1.46 1.23 1.48 3.00 2.00 2.02 2.10 1.40 2.15 2.20 1.05
40.00 40.00 45.00 30.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 50.00 40.00 27.50 30.00 40.00 40.00
CD
-------
nun i -l
MIC SURVEY OH MOTOHCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
1ADLE 40C
PERCENT OF RIDING DONE 1H FALL OFF-ROAO
Q.32C
It TED 01
REGION
REGION
HASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-ROAO
OX
I - 0
10 - 10
70 - 70
30 - 30
40 - 49
CO - 09
70 - 70
BO - 00
00 - IOOX
DON'T KNOW
10IAL
M F. A N
S II) . 1>C:V .
SID. Cllll.
MI o i An
TOTAL
170B
273
2) .5
03
5.0
200
10.5
402
31.7
122
o.e
49
3.0
57
4.5
. 7
o.e
13
1.0
B
0.0
20
1 .6
47
3.7
1208
EAST
101
37
10.4
13
6.8
31
10.2
04
33.5
23
12.0
1 1
5.8
7
3.7
-
-
1
0.5
_
-
3
1.6
1
0.5
101
MID
WEST
330
81
24.5
1 1
3.3
51
15.5
103
31.2
43
13.0
7
2. 1
10
3.0
-
-.
3
0.0
2
0.6
6
1 .8
13
3.0
330
SOUTH
357
. 57
10.0
IS
4.2
05
18.2
120
. 35.3
25
7.0
17
4.8
22
. 6.2
3
0.8
; ' 3
0.8
1
0.3
2
o.a
21
5.0
357
WEST
300
08
25.1
24
6.2
02
15.0
100
27.0
31
7.0
14
3.0
18
4.6
4
1 .0
0
> .5
3
0.8
0
2.3
12
3. 1
300
NEW
ENG
41
14
34. I
4
o.a
4
0.8
12
29.3
4
0.8
2
4.0
1
2.4
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
•-
-
-
41
MID
ATL
ISO
23
15.3
0
0.0
27
18.0
52
34.7
to
12.7
0
0.0
0
4.0
-
-
1
0.7
_
-
3
2.0
1
0.7
ISO
EAST
CNTRL
108
44
26.2
5
3.0
27
10.1
54
32. 1
20
1 1.0
2
1 .2
4
2.4
-
• -
2
1.2
1
o.e
t
0.0
a
4.8
108
WEST
CNTRL
102
37
22.8
e
3.7
24
14.8
40
30.2
23
14.2
5
3. 1
0
3.7
-
-
1
o.e
i
0.6
5
3. 1
5
3. 1
162
SOUTH
EAST
230
38
15.7
It
4.8
42
18.3
83
36.1
13
5.7
12
S.2
17
7.4
I
0.4
2
0.0
t
0.4
-
-
12
5.2
230
SOUTH
WEST
127
21
16.5
4
3. 1
23
IB. t
43
33.9
12
0.4
5
3.0
G
3.0
2
1.0
1
0.8
_
-
2
1.0
0
7. 1
127
ROCKY
MTH
102
30
24.1 '
10
0.2
25
15.4
30
23.5
13
B.O
B
4.0
0
5.6
3
1.0
9
3.1
2
1.2
B
4.0
2
1.2
102
PAC
22,8
'59
25.0
14
e. i
37
16.2
71
31. 1
IB
7.9
e
2.6
0
3.9
1
0.4
1
0.4
1
0.4
t
0.4
10
4.4
228
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20.00 10.87 10.25 20.00 20.00 14.40 21.35 17.37 21.17 20.08 21.03 24.21 17.07
10.73 17.45 18.47 16.73 21.12 14.30 17.00 16.33 20.29 15.08 18.11 25.02 16.15
0.54 1.27 1.04 0.01 1.00 2.23 1.47 1.20 1.62 1.08 1.67 2.05 1.08
70.00 20.00 20.00 70.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00
-------
DHn f 40-088
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TABLE 4BD
PERCENT OF RIDING DONE IN WINTER OFF-ROAD
Q.32D
11 rrn 91
REGION
nEGION
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-ROAD
0»
1 - 0
10-10
20 - 29
30 - 30
40 - 40
50 - 50
60-60
70 - 70
80-80
90 - 100*
DON'T KNOW
TOTAL
MEAN
STD. DEV.
STD. ERR.
MEDIAN
TOTAL
1208
647
51.0
72
5.7
151
11.0
231
IB. 2
33
2.6
23
1.8
28
2.2
4
0.3
11
0.0
4
0.3
18
1.4
46
3.6
1268
EAST
101
104
54.5
5
2.6
24
12.6
35
18.3
7
3.7
4
2. 1
4
2.1
-
-
2
1.0
1
0.5
4
2.1
1
0.5
101
MID
WEST
330
188
57.0
22
6.7
30
11.8
40
14.8
6
1.8
1
0.3
7
2. 1
1
0.3
1
0.3
1
0.3
2
0.6
13
3.0
330
SOUTH
357
130
38. 1
24
6.7
45
12.6
85
23.8
12
3.4
12
3.4
11
3.1
2
0.6
4
1.1
1
0.3
5
1.4
20
5.6
357
WEST
390
210
56.2
21
5.4
43
11.0
02
15.0
8
2. 1
e
1.5
6
1.5
1
0.3
4
1.0
1
0.3
7
1.8
12
3. 1
390
NEW
ENG
41
24
58.5
-
-
4
0.8
8
10.5
-
—
1
2.4
2
4.9
-
-
-
-
1
2.4
1
2.4
-
-
41
MID
ATL
150
80
53.3
5
3.3
20
13.3
27
18.0
7
4.7
3
2.0
2
1 .3
-
-
2
1 .3
_
-
3
2.0
1
0.7
150
EAST
CNTRL
108
' 06
57.1
9
5.4
23
13.7
22
13.1
2
1 .2
-
.
3
1.8
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
1.2
8
4.8
108
WEST
CNTPL
102
92
56.8
13
8.0
10
9.9
27
10.7
4
2.5
1
0.0
4
2.5
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
5
3.1
102
SOUTH
EAST
230
79
34.3
18
7.8
20
11.3
03
27.4
8
3.5
7
3.0
8
3.5
2
0.9
1
0.4
1
0.4
5
2.2
12
5.2
230
SOUTH
WEST
127
57
44.0
0
4.7
to
15.0
22
17.3
4
3. 1
3
3.0
3
2.4
-
-
3
2.4
_
_
-
'
8
8.3
127
ROCKY
UTN
102
108
00.7
8
4.9
15
0.3
20
12.3
2
1 .2
-
-
1
0.0
1
0.6
3
1 .9
_
• -
2
1.2
2
1.2
102
PAC
22fl
1 11
. 48.7
13
5.7
28
12.3
42
18.4
0
2.0
0
2.0
9
2.2
-
-
1
0.4
1
0.4
5
2.2
10
4.4
220
• « w w •«** www w«j • wvw ^ » t«fw i vvr i ir_L «L%*V i * * i v«. «. *. u
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.52 12.18 8.42 15.14 10.55 13.73 11.70 8.94 7.90 10.00 12.34 7.86 12.52
18.32 10.85 15.07 10.21 18.07 23.34 18.85 17.27 12.40 20.34 10.07 17.20 19.40
0.52 1.44 0.85 1.05 0.00 3.04 1.54 1.37 1.00 1.38 1.53 1.30 1.32
- 10.00 _____ 10.00 5.00
CO
-------
SEASONAL USAGE
by Vehicle Type
-------
DMII / 10-000
MIC sunvcv or MOTOIICVCLE OWNERSHIP AMD USAGE
OWNERS
i A ii L n 10 A
PEIlCmr OP RIDING DOME IH SPRING OFF-ROAD
Q.32A
7 ren 91
MODEL TYPE
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-ROAD
ox
I - 0
10 - 10
20 - 20
30 - 39
10 - 10
50 - GO
00 - 00
70 - 70
no - oo
00 - IOOX
DOM'T KHOW
I 0 I A I.
Kl • '1
j i: i : M J.
'.ID. I Mil .
TOTAL
1208
103
12. 1
30
3.0
125
0.0
130
31.4
176
13.0
70
0.0
130
10.0
28
2.2
25
2.0
10
0.8
13
1 .0
50
3.0
1 200
SCOOT
t
21
3
11.3
2
0.5
-
-
B
30. 1
2
0.5
2
0.5
1
4.8
-
-
1
•1.8
_
-
1
4.0
1
4.0
21
ON-
imv
2
100
20
10.0
3
2.0
0
8.5
25
23.0
20
18.0
1
3.8
12
1 1 .3
3
2.8
-
-
_
-
2
1 .0
B
7 .5
100
DUAL
PUHP
3
203
10
10.7
10
'4.0
21
10.3
57
28. 1
28
13.8
B
3.0
25
12.3
2
1.0
2
1 .0
4 .
2.0
1
0.6
5
2.5
203
OPF
irwY
4
140
13
0.3
1
2.0
10
7. I
42
30.0
20
14.3
11
10.0
20
14.3
3
2.1
4
2.0
1
0.7
2
1 .4
7
5.0
110
COMP
5
104
10
8.2
1
0.5
15
7.7 '
50
20.0
30
20. 1
IB
0.8
20
13.4
e
3. 1
7
3.0
1
0.5
1
0.5
5
2.0
104
A1V
0
603
01
10. 1
10
3.0
09
11.4
240
40.0
07
11.1
20
4.d
54
0.0
14
2.3
1 1
1.0
4
0.7
0
1 .0
24
4 .0
003
ALL
MOTOR/
SCOOT
1-5
004
02
13.0
20
3.0
55
0.3
100
28.0
100
10.4
47
7. 1
04
12.7
14
2.1
14
2.1
0
0.0
7
1 . 1
20
3.0
004
scoot/
ON-
irwY
1-2
127
23
10. 1
5
3.0
0
7. 1
33
20.0
22
17.3
e
4.7
13
10.2
3
2.4
1
o.a
_
-
3
2.4
0
7.1
127
OFT/
COMP/
A1V
4-6
037
00
0.0
23
2.5
04
10.0
340
30.0
12D
13.4
02
0.6
100
10.7
23
2.5
22
2.3
0
o.e
0
1.0
30
3.8
937
OFF/
COMP
4-5'
334
20
8.7
5
1 .5
25
7.5
100
20.0
59
17.7
33
0.0
40
13.0
0
2.7
1 1
3.3
2
0.0
3
0.0
12
3.0
334
UN-HIGHWAY
DY SPECIFIC TYPE
STAN-
DARD
85
14
10.5
2
2.4
0
10.6
10
22.4
17
20.0
3
3.5
10
t 1.8
2
2.4
-
-
-
-
2
2.4
7
8.2
85
CRUIS
12
4
33.3
-
-
• —
—
3
25.0
1
8.3
1
9.3
I
8.3
1
8.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
a. 3
12
SPOUT
DIKE
4
.
-
1
25.0
-
-
2
50.0
1
25.0
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
TOUR
4
1
25.0
•-
-
_
-
1
25.0
1
25.0
_
-
t
25.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
J/.01 2'.00 20.20 23.02 30.71 31.10 20.23 27.70 20.71 27.01 30.04 20.12 22.18 21.50 27.00
10.02 21.00 20.20 10.01 10.10 10.IO-10.IO 10.73 20.00 10.50 10.70 20.57 21.55 12.07 20.80
0.01 O.Ol 2.00 1.11 1.00 1.32 0.70 0.70 1.03 0.02 1.04 2.33 6.50 0.03 10.40
2r. .on 20.00 20.00 7o.no 20.00 no.oo 20.00 75.00 25.00 20.00 no.oo 20.00 20.00 ??.!>o yn.oo
-------
40-one
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCVCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TADLE 405
PERCENT OF RIDING DONE IN SUMMER OFF-ROAN
Q.32!)
7 n:n
MODEL TYPE
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-ROAD
OX
1-0
10 - 10
20 - 29
30-30
40 - 49
50 - 59
60 - 69
70 - 79
60 - 89
90 - 100X
DON'T KNOM
TOTAL
MEAN
SID. DEV.
SID. ERR.
SCOOT
TOTAL 1
1268
83
6.5
17
1.3
68
5.4
200
22.8
131
10.3
101
8.0
256
20.2
64
5.0
82
4.0
45
3.5
102
8.0
50
3.9
1268
21
1
4.8
1
4.8
-
-
3
14.3
2
9.5
1
4.8
3
14.3
3
14.3
2
9.5
_ •
-
4
19.0
1
4.8
21
ON-
IMY
2
106
5
4.7
1.
0.9
1.
0.9
12
11.3
11
10.4
5
4.7
21
19.8
1 1
10.4
5
4.7
0
5.7
19
17.9
9
8.5
100
DUAL
PURP
3
203
7
3.4
-
-
0
3.0
30
19.2
17
8.4
16
7.9
42
20.7
9
4.4
10
4.0
15
7.4
37
18.2
5
2.5
203
OFF
IIWV
4
MO
13
9.3
1
0.7
7
5.0
27
10.3
15
10.7
1 1
7.9
28
20.0
8
5.7
8
5.7
• 4
2.9
to
7.1
8
5.7
MO
COMP
5
194
to
5.2
-
-
10
0.2
30
20.1
22
11 .3
16
8.2
45
23.2
15
7.7
7
3.6
7
3.6
12
6.2
5
2.6
194
ATV
0
003
47
7.8
14
2.3
30
0.3
1(10
20.0
04
10.0
52
0.0
1 17
19.4
18
3.0
30
5.0
13
2.2
19
3.2
22
3.0
003
ALL
MOTOR/
SCOOT
1-5
004
36
5.4
3
0.5
30
4.5
120
10. 1
07
10.1
49
7.4
130
20.9
40
0.9
32
4.0
32
4.8
82
12.3
20
4.2
004
SCOOT/
ON-
ItWV
1-2
127
0
4.7
2
1.6
1
0.0
10
1 t .0
13
10.2
6
4.7
24
18.0
M
1 1 .0
7
5.5
0
4.7
23
18.1
10
7.Q
127
OFF/
COMP/
ATV
4-0
837
70
7.5
15
1 .6
01
0.5
235
25.1
101
10.8
70
8.4
too
20.3
41
4.4
45
4.8
24
2.0
41
4.4
35
3.7
037
OFF/ -
COMP
4*S.':-
334
23
0.9
1
0.3
23
0.0
no
to.n
37
11.1
27
6. 1
73
21.9
23
0.9
IS
4.5
1 1
3.3
22
0.0
13
3.0
334
un-i ii \** i«
DV SPECIFIC
STAN-
DARD
85
3
3.5
1
1 .2
1
1 .2
10
1 1.8
9
10.6
4
4.7
17
20.0
to
11.8
5
5.0
4
4.7
14
10.5
7
0.2
05
cnuts
12
t
8.3
-
-
-
-
1
0.3
1
0.3
1
8.3
1
8.3
-
-
-
-
2
10.7
3
25.0
2
1C. 7
12
f\ T,
TYPE
SPOnr
DIKE TOUR
4 A
__ _
-
-
-
-
-
1
75.0
1
- 25.0
-
- -
2 t
50.0 25.0
1
25.0
-
- -
-
-
t 1
25.0 25.0
-
-
4 4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
41.61 52.20 54.00 52.30 40.00 41.40 35.57 17.00 51.20 37.57 41.20
26.04 30.13 29.03 28.92 25.03 24.50 22.03 27.00 20.11 23.05 25.02
0.75 6.74 2.05 2.00 2.25 1.78 0.04 1.10 2.09 0.79 1.40
40.on no.no so.on tin.on -in.nn m.on no.no r»o.nn 50.00 m.oo m.no
51.35 00.30 03.50 52.00
20.01 30.50 20.07 33.00
3. I 7 1 I .50 10.44 10.03
r>o.oo nn.nn 55.00 ii.r.n
CO
-------
nun / ^o-oon
MIC SURVEY Or MOTOIICYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWMF.HS
TAIILF. IOC
pnncrnr or HIDING HOME in TALL
Q. 37C
7 rcn 91
MODEL TYPE
DASC-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED orr-noAD
ox
I - 0
10 - 10
20 - 20
30 - 30
MO - -10
•JO - GO
no - oo
70-70
oo - on
00 - IOOX
! <;n • I c.MOx
TOTAL
1200
273
21 .5
63
5.0
200
10.5
402
31.7
122
0.0
to
3.0
57
4.5
7
0.0
13
1 .0
0
0.5
20
1 .0
4 7
3 . 7
i :c.n
SCOOT
1
21
8
38. 1
3
14.3
2
0.6
5
23.8
1
4.0
-
-
1
4.8
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
1
4 .n
2 1
ON-
IfWY
2
too
37
34.0
2
1.9
18
17.0
20
24.5
0
8.5
5
4.7
_
-
-
-
-.
-
_
-
2
1 .9
7
0.0
100
DUAL
PURP
3
203
00
20.0
8
3.9
33
10.3
53
20. 1
17
0.4
7
3.4
1 1
5.4
1
0.5
4
.2.0
2
1.0
2
1 .0
5
2.G
2(13
orr
>IMY
4
140
20
20.7
10
7. 1
23
10.4
30
25.7
1 1
7.0
0
4.3
to
7.1
-
-
1
0.7
1
0.7
5
3.0
0
5.7
140
COMP
G
104
54
27.0
G
2.0
25
12.0
02
32.0
20
13.4
3
1.5
7
3.0
3
1 .5
2
1 .0
1
0.5
2
1 .0
4
2 . 1
104
ATV
0
003
84
13.0
35
5.0
100
17.0
320
30.5
50
0.0
28
4.0
20
4.0
3
0.5
0
1 .0
2
0.3
0
1 .5
22
3.0
003
ALL
MOTOR/
SCOOT
1-5
004
loa
28.3
28
4.2
101
15.2
102
27.4
04
9.0
21
3.2
20
•4.4
4
0.0
7
1 . 1
4
0.0
11
1 .7
25
3.0
004
SCOOT/
OH-
IIWY
1-2
127
45
35.4
5
3.9
20
15.7
31
24.4
to
7.9
5
3.9
1
0.8
-
-
-
-
_
-
2
1 .0
a
0.3
127
OFF/
COMP/
ATV
4-8
037
107
17.8
50
5.3
150
10.0
318
33.0
OS
10. 1
37
3.9
45
4.8
0
0.0
0
1 .0
4
0.4
16
1 .7
34
3.0
037
OFF/ -
COMP
4>S'.V
334
83
24.9
15
4.5
48
14.4
00
20.3
37
11.1
0
2.7
IT
5. 1
3
0.0
3
0.9
2
0.8
7
2. 1
12
3.0
334
UN-HIUIIW
DY SPECIFIC
STAN-
DARD
05
2B
32.0
2
2.4
10
18.0
21
24.7
7
8.2
5
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
7. 1
05
cnuis
12
0
50.0
-
-
1
0.3
2
10.7
1
8.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
8.3
1
8.3
12
AY. '.
TYPE
'DIKE
4
1
25.0
-
-
1
25.0
2
so.o
—
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
TOUR
4
2
SO.O
-
-
-
-
1
25. 0
1
25.0
—
-
-
-
—
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
ICO C 100.0 100.0 1UO.O lOO.O 100.0 lOO.0 100.0 lOO.0 100.0 100.0 lOO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0
.'., ( :, I I . «••, I : . 1 1 ill. IK) 7 I .
-------
DMR 9 10-008
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TABLE 40D
PERCENT OF RIDING DOME IN WINTER OFF-ROAD
Q.32D
MODEL TYPE
BASE-SELECTED VEHICLES
USED OFF-ROAD
OX
I - 9 ,
10 - 10
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49
SO - 59,
60 - 69
70 - 79
80 - 89
90 - 100X
DON'T KNOW
TOTAL
MEAN
STD. OEV.
SIP. ERR.
TOTAL
1268
047
51.0
72
5.7
151
n.o
231
18.2
33
2.6
23
1.8
28
2.2
4
0.3
11
0.9
4
0.3
18
1.4
46
3.6
1268
100.0
11.52
18.32
0.51
SCOOT
1
21
11
52.4
4
19.0
3
14.3
1
4.8
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
—
_
-
1
4.8
1
'4.8
21
100.0
8.40
21 .99
4.02
ON-
HWY
2
108
78
73.8
1
0.9
7
0.0
0
8.5
-
-
1
0.9
2
1.9
_
-
1
0.9
_
-
-
-
7
6.6
100
100.0
5.25
12.72
1 .78
DUAL
PURP
3
203
151
74.4
0
3.0
14
0.9
22
10.8
1
0.5
1
0.5
2
1.0
-
-
-
-
_
-
1
0.5
5
2.5
203
100.0
4.98
1 1.87
O.D4
OFF
IIWY
4
MO
78
65.7
12
8.0
10
13.0
11?
13.0
1
0.7
-
-
_
-
-
-
1
0.7
_
-
2
1 .4
0
5.7
MO
100.0
7.72
15.58
1 .30
COMP
5
104
118
00.8
12
0.2
21
10.0
25
12.9
5
2.0
2
1.0
4
2.1
-
-
-
-
_
-
3
1.5
4
2.1
104
100.0
0.55
10.30
i . in
A TV
0
003
210
34. 0
37
0. 1
07
14.4
155
25.7
20
4.3
10
3.2
20
3.3
4
0.7
0
1 .5
4
0.7
1 1
1.8
21
3.5
003
100.0
10.70
20.43
0.05
ALL SCOOT/ OFF/
MOTOn/ OH- COMP/ OFF/'
SCOOT IIWY ATV COMP
1-5 1-2 4-0 4-5 :
004
430
05.7
35
5.3
04
0.0
70
11.4
7
1.1
4
0.0
8
1.2
-
-
2
0.3
_
-
7
1. 1
75
3.8
004
100.0
0.70
14.03
n.r.n
127
80
70. 1
5
3.0
10
7.0
10
7.0
-
-
1
0.8
2
1.0
-
_-
1
0.0
_
-
1
0.8
8
0.3
127
100.0
5.70
14.02
1 .34
037
400
43.3
01
0.5
127
13.0
too
21.2
32
3.4
21
2.2
24
2.0
4
0.4
10
1 . 1
4
0.4
10
1 .7
33
3.5
037
100.0
13.72
10.40
0.05
334
100
58.7
24
7.2
40
12.0
44
13.2
0
1 .8
2
0.0
4
1 .2
-
-
1
0.3
_
-
5
1 .5
12
3.0
334
100.0
0.21
15.00
o.nn
\jr%— r 1 1 1>' > •• " >. 1 ,
DY SPECIFIC TYPE
STAN-
DARD
05
GO
70.0
1
1.2
7
n.2
0
0.4
-
-
1
1.2
1
1 .2
-
-
1
1 .2
_
-
-
-
0
7. 1
05
100.0
5.03
12.00
1 .45
cnui$
12
10
03.3
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
1
0.3
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
1
B.3
12
100.0
4.55
15.00
4.r.n
SPORT
HIKE Toun
4 4
4 3
100.0 75.0
-
-
-
-
1
- 2T..O
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
4 4
100. 0 100.0
- 0.25
- 17. SO
n 7 r.
CO
-------
ATV UTILITY USAGE
-------
nun / 40-000
MIC SUnvEV OP M010RCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNEIIS
1AIII.E 51
PCItCEMT OP OFF-ROAD RIDING FOR UTILITY PURPOSES - ATVS ONLY
q.ar,
REGION
REGION
MID NEW MID EAST WEST SOUTH SOUTH ROCKY
TOTAL EAST WEST SOUTH WEST ENG ATL CNTRL CNTRL EAST WEST MTN PAC
1 1 PCD 01
AWS USED 003 00 107 100 130
10
01 04 83 127 72 57
Or-F-HOAO
ox
\ - ox
to - 10
20-20
30 - 30
40 - -10
r.o - r>o
oo - no
70 - 70
00 - 00
00 - 100X
OOM'T KNOW
TOTAL
UTAH
Sll). DCV.
sii). rnn.
iAM
200
57
B1
38
30
52
32
33
01
48
40.1 57.0 44.3 42.2 50.7 00.7 55.0 45.2 43.4 40.0 44.4 57.0 50.3
17
2.0
42
7.0
40
0.0
15
2.5
15
2.5
37
0. 1
•' 4
0.7
13.
2.2
20
3.3
82
13.0
22
3.0
003
4
4.0
0
0. 1
8
8. 1
4
4.0
-
-
7
7. 1
1
1 .0
1
1 .0
1
1.0
7
7. 1
1
1 .0
99
3
1 .0
0
4.0
15
0.0
3
1 .0
5
3.0
0
5.4
1
0.0
7'
4.2
5
3.0
33
10.8
4
2.4
107
7
3.5
10
0.5
12
0.0
0
4.0
7
3.5
10
0.0
2
. 1.0
4
2.0
0
4.5
24
12.1
7
3.5
too
3
2.2
7
5. 1
3
3.0
_
-
3
2.2
5
3.0
_
-
1
0.7
5
3.0
10
13.0
10
7.2
130
-
-
1
5.0
2
11.1
1
5.0
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
2
1 1 . 1
-
-
18
4
4.0
7
0.0
0
7.4
3
3.7
-
-
7
0.0
1
1 .2
1
1 .2
1
1 .2
5
0.2
1
1.2
B1
2
2.4
5
6.0
B
0.5
2
2.4
3
3.0
7
8.3
1
1 .2
3
3.0
3
3'. 0
0
10.7
3
3.0
84
1
t.2
3
3.0
7
8.4
1
1 .2
2
2.4
2
2.4
-
_
4
4.8
2
2.4
24
20.0
|
1.2
03
a
4.7
12
0.4
7
5.5
e
4.7
4
3.1
11
0.7
2
1.0
3
2.4
5
3.0
15
1 1.0
4
3. I
127
1
1 .4
7
0.7
5
0.0
2
2.0
3
4.2
5
e.o
_
-
1
1 .4
4
5.0
0
12.5
3
4.2
72
-
-
2
3.5
3
5.3
_
-
-
-
2
3.5
_
-
1
1 .0
3
5.3
1 I
10.3
2
3.5
57
3
3.7
S
6.2
2
2.5
_
-
3
3.7
3
3.7
-
—
-
—
2
2.5
7
8.6
0
0.0
81
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20.13 10.00 32.05 27.78 21.05 10.30 17.13 20.81 30.01 27.75 27.83 28.73 10.05
30.19 20.00 39.41 35.37 30.40 32.30 28.37 34.41 43.10 34.90 30.20 40.95 32.00
1.50 2.03 3.09 2.55 3.23 7.01 3.17 3.02 4.77 3.10 4.37 5.52 3.70
- 10.00 10.00 - 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00
-------
DMR f 40-oae
MIC SURVEY OF MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP AND USAGE
OWNERS
TABLE 52
UTILITY PURPOSES FOR WHICH USE ATV S
Q.36
11 rr n 91
REGION
REGION
BASE-USE A TVS FOR
UTILITY PURPOSES
FARMING/ RANCHING
GROUNDS KEEPING
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
TRANSPORTATION (MARCH-
DEC)
CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATION/ COMMERCIAL
WORK
OTHER
DON'T KNOW
TOTAL
MID NEW MID EAST WEST SOUTH SOUTH ROCKY
TOTAL EAST WEST SOUTH WEST ENG ATL CNTRL CNTHL EAST WEST UTN PAC
307
158
51.5
84
20.8
23
7.5
21
6.8
11
3.6
10
3.3
42
13.7
18
5.0
347
113.0
42
16
38.1
8
10.0
10
23.8
1
2.4
1
2.4
1
2.4
8
10.0
1
2.4
46
100.5
03
47
50.5
25
26.0
6
6.5
7
7.5
4
4.3
2
2.2
11
11.8
3
3.2
105
112.0
115
66
57.4
21
18.3
5
4.3
7
6.1
. 5
4.3
5
4.3
20
17.4
4
3.5
133
115.7
57
20
50.0
10
17.5
2
3.5
6
10.5
1
1.8
2
3.5
3
5.3
10
17.5
63
110.5
0
2
33.3
1
16.7
2
33.3
1
16.7
-
-
-
-
1
16.7
-
-
7
116.7
30
14
38.0
7
10.4
6
22.2
-
-
1
2.6
1-
2.8
7
10.4
1
2.8
30
108.3
46
16
34.8
15
32.6
4
8.7
4
8.7
3
6.5
1
2.2
6
13.0
2
4.3
51
110.0
47 75
31 43
00.0 57.3
10 13
21.3 17.3
2 3
4.3 4.0
3 4
6.4 5.3
2.
2.
1
10. (
2
4
5.3
4
B.3
12
5 16.0
3
4.0
54 86
114.0 114.7
40
23
57.5
8
20.0
2
5.0
3
7.5
1
2.5
1
2.5
8
20.0
I
2.5
47
1 17.5
24
14
50. 3
4
10.7
1
4.2
5
20. B
1
4.2
|
4.2
1
4.2
2
B.3
20
120.8
33
15
45.5
0
18.2
1
3.0
M
3.0
-
-
1
3.0
2
6. 1
8
24.2
' 34
103.0
CD
-------
03
NJ
•U
YEAR 2000 ATV & OFF-HIGHWAY MOTORCYCLE
POPULATION ESTIMATES
Year
19882
19892
19902
19913
19923
19933
19943
19953
19963
19973
19983
19993
Total
Total
Sold
290,000
200,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
1,940,000
Op1
Rate
ATVs
0.10
0.15
0.19
0.21
0.39
0.48
0.57
0.69
0.74
0.88
0.93
0.98
In Use in
Year 2000
Total
Sold
Op1
Rate
In Use in
Year 2000
MOTORCYCLES
29,000
30,000
27,550
30,450
56,550
69,600
82,650
100,050
107,300
127,600
134,850
' 142,100
937,700
80,000
70,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
84,000
990,000
0.04
0.10
0.16
0.22
0.26
0.35
0.48
0.59
0.70
0.82
0.89
0.98
3,200
7,000
13,440
18,480
21,840
29,400
40,320
49,560
58,800
68,880
74,760
82,320
468,000
Estimated ATV In Use in Yr 2000:
Estimated Off-Road M/C In Use in Yr 2000:
Estimated Total In Use in Yr 2000:
937,700
468,000
1,405,700
1 Operability Rates source is MIC 1991 Motorcycle Statistical Annual
2 Sales information compiled from actual 1988, 1989 & 1990 Sales.
3 1991 - 1999 sales estimates are based on 1990 sales, and assume a constant sales rate thru 1999.
-------
IMIC
EXECUTIVE
OFFICE
MOTORCYCLE
INDUSTRY
COUNCIL, INC. 2 Jenner Street. Suite 150, Irvine. CA 92718-3812'[714] 727-4211 • FAX [7i4j 727-4217
COPYRIGHT PERMISSION AGREEMENT
February 9, 1993
Mr. Sergio J. Ostria
Jack Faucett Associates
4550 Montgomery Avenue STE 300 North
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
In response to your request, the Motorcycle Industry Council
grants non-exclusive, non-transferable copyright permission to
reproduce all, or portions of the text and illustrations
contained in the publications listed below, subject to the
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1. The reproduced material must not be altered in any way
to defeat the original spirit and intent of the
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2. The reproduced material must not be misrepresented,
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to the off highway vehicle industry or the Motorcycle
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3. Each new publication presenting all or portions of MIC
materials must carry an acknowledgement of MIC
copyright, i.e., "Portions of this publication are
reprinted with copyright permission of the Motorcycle
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5. This permission is revocable for cause at any time upon
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This permission is limited to excerpts from the Motorcycle
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including the Introduction and tables 33A, 47, 49, 53, 48A-D, 51,
& 52.
B-25
-------
If possible, advance approval is requested of the portions of the
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Date
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-------
Jack Faucett Associates — 444-1 February 1993
APPENDIX C:
SURVEY METHODOLOGY FOR THE
1987 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE
Source: Bureau of the Census
EPA/OAR Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition StuJ\
Identification and Evaluation • •/
Available Data Sources — Final Rc['«n
-------
MAIL LIST MODEL
A statistical discriminant model was developed to pre-
dict the probability that a mail list addressee operated a
farm. The model was used to identify the 4.1 million
records from the preliminary census mail list of 6.0 million
records that would receive a census of agriculture report
form. Records from the 1982 census mail list were used to
build the model. Record characteristics such as the source
of the mail list record (see appendix A for a description of
record sources), number of source lists on which the
record appeared, expected value of agricultural sales, and
geographic location were used to separate mail list records
into model groups. The proportion of 1982 census farm
records in each group was calculated to provide an
estimate of the probability that an addressee in the group
operated a farm.
Using these same group definitions, the 1987 census
mail list records were separated into groups, each with an
associated estimate of farm probability from the model.
The 4.1 million mail list records in groups with the largest
estimate of farm probability were selected to receive the
census report form. A large percentage of the 1.9 million
records that were dropped from the 6.0 million preliminary
census mail list were nonfarm records from the previous
census. This procedure was used to obtain a more com-
plete census enumeration without excessive respondent
burden and data collection cost.
1987 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE
CENSUS SAMPLE DESIGN
Each of the 4.1 million name and address records on
the census mail list was designated to receive one of three
different types of census report forms. The three forms
were the nonsampfe census form (a four-page form), the
sample form (a six-page form), and the short form (a
two-page form). Sections 1 through 22 of the sample form
were identical to sections on the nonsample census form.
However, the sample form contained additional sections
on farm production expenditures, usage of fertilizers and
insecticides, value of machinery and equipment, value of
land and buildings, and farm-related income. The short
form contained abbreviated versions of the sections on the
nonsample census form. These three different forms were
used to reduce the response burden of the census, while
providing quality information on a large number of data
items at the county level.
The sample, form was mailed to all mail list records in
Alaska and Hawaii and to a sample of records in other
States identified when the mail list was constructed. Addresses
were selected into the sample with certainty if they were
expected to have large total values of agricultural products
sold or large acreage, if they were firms with two or more
farms, or if they had other special characteristics. Whe,n a
nonsample large farm was identified during processing, a
supplemental form that contained the additional data
inquiries was mailed. All farms in counties with less than
100 farms in 1982 were included in the sample with
certainty; counties containing 100 to 199 farms in 1982
were systematically sampled at a rate of 1 in 2; and
counties containing 200 or more farms in 1982 were
systematically sampled at a rate of 1 in 6. This differential
sample scheme was used to. provide reliable data for
sections 23 through 28 of the report form for all counties.
To determine which mail list records would receive the
short form, all mail list records not designated for the
sample were sorted into model groups according to farm
probability as specified by the mail list model. The 906.000
mail list records in the model groups with the lowest
probability of being farms and with an expected total value
of agricultural product sales less than S20.000 were des-
ignated to receive the short form. The remaining mail list
records were selected to receive the nonsample census
form.
CENSUS ESTIMATION
The 1987 Census of Agriculture used two typor. of
statistical estimation procedures. These ostim.ition
C-l
-------
procedures accounted both for nonresponso to the data
collection and for the sample data collection. These pro-
cedures are used because some farm operators never
respond to the census despite numerous attempts to
contact them, and not an torn operators are revested to
provide the sample data items.
Whole Farm Nonresponse Estimation
A statistical estimation procedure was used to account
for the census farms among mail list nonrespondents that
were not designated for telephone followup. A stratified
systematic sample of eligible census nonrespondents were
mailed a simplified report form. Five sample strata were
defined based on form type, expected value of sales, and
previous census status. The report form was designed to
provide sufficient information to determine farm status.
Additional mail and telephone contacts were made to
survey nonrespondents to obtain sufficient response for
survey estimates.
Estimates of the proportion of census nonrespondents
that operated farms were made for each stratum in the
State using survey results and applied to the total number
of census nonrespondents in that stratum. A synthetic
estimation procedure was used to estimate the number of
census nonrespondents that operated farms for each
county by stratum. This estimation procedure is based on
the assumption that the distribution of farms in a stratum
by county is the same for census nonrespondents as for
census respondents.
Within each stratum in a county, a noninteger nonre-
sponse weight was calculated and assigned to .each
eligible respondent farm record. The procedure used for
calculating the nonresponse weight assumed the eligible
census respondents and the nonrespondent farm opera-
tions in a county had similar characteristics within each
stratum. The noninteger nonresponse weight was the ratio
of the sum of the estimated number of nonrespondent
farms (using nonresponse survey results) and the number
of eligible census respondent farms to the number of
eligible census respondent farms. Stratum controls were
established to ensure that this weight was never greater
than 2.0. The noninteger nonresponse weight was used in
the estimation of the final weight for the sample items. It
was randomly rounded to an integer weight of either 1 or 2
for each record for tabulating the complete count itoms.
The procedure assumed that we obtain complete response
from large and unique farm operations because these
cases received intensive telephone followup during cen-
sus processing. In situations where addressees could not
be contacted by telephone or refused to cooperate, sec-
ondary sources such as Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service offices or county extension agents
woro askod to provide information as to whether or not the
addressee had agricultural activities. Data from previous
census reports for the specific addressee, in conjunction
with other information, were used to complete the census
report form.
..,... - ,.,=. .»,...s-;. --...--c-v•
Tables A and B quantify the effect of the nonresponse
estimation procedure on selected census data Kerns. The
percentage of the census value contrfixited by nonre-
sponse estimation as provided in these tables Indicates
the potential for bias in published figures resulting f re
procedure. The estimates provided in these tables .
reflect the effect of nonresponse to individual data _
on respondents' census report forms. The effect of this
Hem nonresponse is discussed further under Census Non-
sampling Error.
Sample Estimation
All respondent sample records received a sample weight
The sample data estimates the actual figures that would
have resulted from a complete census of the items in
sections 23 through 28 of the report form. The estimates
were obtained from an iterative ratio estimation procedure
that resulted in the assignment of a weight to each record
containing sample items. For any given county, a sample
item total was estimated by multiplying the data items for
each farm in the county by the corresponding sample
weight and summing overall sample records in the county.
Each sample farm was assigned one sample weight to
be used to produce estimates for all sample items. For
example, if the weight given to a sample farm had the
value 5, all sample data items reported by that farm would
be multiplied by 5. The weight assigned a certainty farm
was 1. The estimation procedure used to assign weights
was performed for each county.
Within a county, the ratio estimation procedure for f
was performed in three steps using three variables. The
first variable contained eight 1987 total value of agricultural
production (TVP) groups. Both the second and third
variables. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code and
farm acreage, contained two groups. The variable groups
were as follows:
SIC
01 All crops
02 All live-
stock
Acres
0 to 69
70 or more
TVP
$1 to $999
$1,000 to S 2.499
$2.500 to S 4.999
$5.000 to S 9,999
$10,000 to $24.999
$25.000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $99.999
$100,000 or more
The first stop in the estimation procedure was lo
tion tho sample records into 32 mutually exclusive
post strata formed by combining the three variable
-------
count, expanded for nonrosponse estimation, for the cell
containing the sample farm. This weight was approxi-
mately equal to the inverse of the probability of selecting a
farm for the census sample.
The second step in the estimation procedure was to
combine, if necessary, the cells of the array (prior to the
repeated ratio estimation) to increase the reliability of the
ratio estimation procedure. Any cell within the array that
either contained less than 10 sample farms or had a ratio
of total farms to sample farms that was more than 2 times
the mail sample rate was collapsed with another cell (in the
same variable) according to a specified collapsing pattern.
New total farm counts and sample farm counts were
computed for each of the collapsed cells (final post strata)
and were used in the ratio estimation procedure to calcu-
late final sample weights.
In the third step in the ratio estimation procedure,
complete counts for the three variables (TVP, SIC, acre-
age) were used to compute the marginals of the array
defined by the final post strata. Factors were then applied
to expanded sample totals in each cell of the array to
obtain agreement with the row marginal (TVP) complete
counts. The sample totals then had factors applied to
obtain agreement with the column marginal (SIC) complete
counts. Lastly, the sample totals had factors applied to
obtain agreement with the depth marginal (acreage) com-
plete counts. This procedure that requires the row totals,
then the column totals, and then the depth totals to agree
with the complete counts for the rows, columns, and
depths, respectively, is continued iteratively until the pro-
cess converges (the marginal totals agree with the com-
plete count totals).
The ratio of the adjusted total farm count to the sample
farm count obtained from the second iteration of the
estimation procedure was the noninteger final post stratum
sample weight assigned to the sample farm records in that
post stratum. The noninteger sample weight, the product
of the noninteger final post stratum sample weight and the
nonresponse weight, was randomly rounded to an integer
weight for tabulation. If, for example, the final weight for the
farms in a particular group was 7.2, then one-fifth of the
sample farms in this group were randomly assigned a
weight of 8 and the remaining four-fifths received a weight
of 7.
CENSUS SAMPLING ERROR
Sampling error in the census data results from the
nonresponse sample and the census sample data collec-
tion. Census items were classified as either complete
count or sample data items. The complete count items
were asked of all farm operators. Ttie complete count data
items included land in farms, harvested cropland, livestock
inventory and sales, crop acreages, quantities harvested
and crop sales, land use. irrigation, government loans and
payments, conservation acreage, type of organization, and
operator characteristics (sections 1 through 22 of the
1987 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE
.
census repeat form). VariabWty in the cornptete count data
items is considerably smaller than in the sample items as
the variation is due only to the nonresponse sample
estimation procedure. The sample Kerns were asked of
approximately 25 percent of the total census farm opera-
tors. The sample data items included farm production
expenditures, fertilizer and chemical usage, farm machin-
ery and equipment value of land and buildings, and
farm-related income (sections 23 through 28 of the census
report form). Variability in the estimates of sample items is
due both to the census sample selection and estimation
procedure and the nonresponse sample estimation proce-
dure.
The sample for the 1987 Census of Agriculture is one of
a large number of possible samples of the same size that
could have been selected using the same sample design.
Estimates derived from the different samples would differ
from each other. The difference between a sample esti-
mate and the average of all possible sample estimates is
called the sampling deviation. The standard error or sam-
pling error of a survey estimate is a measure of the
variation among the estimates from all possible samples.
and thus is a measure of the precision with which an
estimate from a particular sample approximates the aver-
age result of all possible samples. The percent relative
standard error of estimate is defined as the standard error
of the estimate divided by the value being estimated
multiplied by 100. If all possible samples were selected,
each of the samples were surveyed under essentially the
same conditions, and an estimate and its standard error
were calculated from each sample, then:
1. Approximately 67 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard
error above the estimate would include the average
value of all possible samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.65
standard errors below the estimate to 1.65 standard
errors above the estimate would include the aver-
age value of all possible samples.
The computations involved to define the above confi-
dence statements are illustrated in the following example.
Assume that the estimate of number of farms for the State
is 94,382 and trie relative standard error of the estimate
(percent) is .1 percent (0.001). Multiplying 94.382 by 0.001
yields 94, the standard error. Therefore, a 67-percent
confidence interval is 94.288 to 94.476 (i.e., 94,382 plus or
minus 94). If corresponding confidence intervals were
constructed for all possible samples of the same size and
design, approximately 2 out of 3 (67 percent) of these
intervals would contain the figure obtained from a com-
plete enumeration. Similarly, a 90 percent confidence
interval is 94.227 to 94,538 (i.e.. 94.382 plus or minus 1.65
x 94).
Table C presents the relative standard error of sok-cted
U.S. data items for all farms and for all farms with u.ii-v.; of
SI0.000 or more. The percent relative standard orr->' -if the
C-3
-------
estimate for complete count data measures the variation
associated with the sample-based adjustment for whole
farm nonresponse. The percent relative standard error of
the estimate for sample Items measures both the sampling
error due to the nonresponse sample estimation procedure
and the census sample selection and estimation proce-
dure. The reliability of State estimates may vary substan-
tially from State to State. Generally, State estimates for a
given data Kern are less reliable than the corresponding
U.S. estimate.
Table 0 presents the standard error (not relative stand-
ard error) for percent change in U.S. totals from 1982 to
1987. The general purpose of the percent change estimate
is to provide a relative measure of the difference in a
characteristic between censuses. The relative change for
a given characteristic is defined as the ratio of the differ-
ence of the 1987 and the 1982 estimate for that charac-
teristic to the 1982 estimate. This ratio is multiplied by 100
to obtain the percent change. The percent standard error
of a percent change estimate, then, is the standard error of
the ratio multiplied by 100.
Table E presents the relative standard error for U.S. and
State totals for 10 major complete count items and 7
sample Hems. The relative standard error of the estimate
(percent) for the same item differs among States. Reasons
for this are differences among States in (1) the total
number of farms. (2) the number of large farms included
with certainty, (3) the size classifications of the farms
sampled, (4) the amount of nonresponse, (5) the general
agricultural characteristics, and (6) the specific character-
istic being measured.
CENSUS NONSAMPLING ERROR
The accuracy of the census counts are affected by the
joint effects of the sampling errors described in the previ-
ous section and nonsampling errors. Extensive efforts
were made to compile a complete and accurate mail list for
the census, to design an understandable report form and
instructions, and to minimize processing errors through the
use of quality control, verification, and check measures on
specific operations. Nonsampling errors arise from incom-
pleteness of the census mail list, duplication in the mail list,
incorrect data reporting, errors in editing of reported data.
and errors in imputation for missing data. These specific
nonsampling errors are further discussed in this section.
Evaluation studies will be conducted to measure the extent
of certain nonsampling errors such as coverage error,
classification error, and item imputation.
Census Coverage
The main objective of the census of agriculture is to
obtain a complete and accurate enumeration of U.S. farms
with accurate data on all aspects of the agricultural oper-
ation. However, the cost and availability of resources for
this enumeration place restrictions on operationally f.
ble data collection methodologies. The past five agricul
ture censuses have been conducted by man
with telephone contact for selected nonrespond
completeness of such an enumeration thus
large extent on the coverage of farm operations
census mail list
Historically, the census of agriculture has indudec
approximately 90 percent of the farms in the United State:
and over 96 percent of the agricultural production. Com
plete enumeration of agricultural operations satisfying th
farm definition of $1,000 or more in agricultural sales ij
complicated by fluctuations in agricultural operations qual
rfying for enumeration, the variety of arrangements undei
which farms are operated, the multiplicity of names used
by an operation, the number of operations in which an
operator participates, the accuracy of data reporting, etc. A
new mail list is compiled for each census because no
current single list of agricultural operations is comprehen-
sive.
An evaluation of census coverage has been conductec
for each census of agriculture since 1945. The evaluation
provides estimates of the completeness of census farm
count and major census data items. In addition, the
evaluation helps to identify problems in the census enu
rneration and provide information that can form the basi
for improvements. The results of the 1987 Coverag
Evaluation program will be published in volume 2, part 2
The evaluation of coverage conducted in 1987 wa
designed to measure errors in the census mail list
farm classification. Mail list error includes a measurj
of farms not on the census mail list (undercount),
measurement of farms enumerated more than gnce in th
census (overcount). Classification error includes a mea-
surement of farms classified as nonfarms in the census
(undercount) and of nonfarms classified as farms in the
census (overcount). Classification error arises from report-
ing and processing errors. Mail list undercount dominates
all coverage errors. Net coverage error is defined as the
difference of undercounted and overcounted farms. Mea-
surements of these errors, as well as a description of the
complete coverage program, will be available in the Cov
erage Evaluation report
Mall Ust Coverage
A major problem with the use of a mail list for the census
of agriculture enumeration is the difficulties that are encoun-
tered in compiling a complete list. The percentage of (arms
on the census mail list varies considerably by St.ito
Several reasons have contributed to farm operators' nam-.1:
not being included on the census mail list—the op-JMVjn
may have been started after the mail list was dev;io:>-?
the farms not included on the mail list were small m
acres and sales of agricultural products.
1987 CENSUS OF AGMu;'J'. :
C-4
-------
The 1987 Census of Agriculture Coverage Evaluation
used the area segment sample of the 1987 June Enumer-
ate Survey (JES) of the National Agricultural Statistical
Service (NASS) to estimate farms not on the census mail
list The Census Bureau contracted with the NASS to
augment the JES data collection and receive survey data
under the confidentiality protection afforded by Title 13,
U.S. Code, from all residents of area sample segments
with agricultural activity. These survey records were matched
to the census mail list Records that did not match were
mailed a census of agriculture report form to estimate mail
list coverage. Estimates of farms not on the census mail
list used the capture-recapture dual frame estimator that
will be described in the Coverage Evaluation report
Table F provides coverage evaluation estimates of the
number of farms not on the mail list and selected charac-
teristics of those farms with their percent relative standard
error. The table also provides an estimate of characteris-
tics of farms not on the mail list as a percentage of total
farms in the United States. The estimate of total farms in
the United States is based on census farm count and the
estimated number of farms not on the census mail list This
estimate of total farms in the United States was not
adjusted for classification and list duplication errors. Esti-
mates of these errors will be available in the Coverage
Evaluation report at the regional and U.S. levels. The table
provides the standard error (not relative standard error) of
this percent estimate.
Respondent and Enumerator Error
Incorrect or incomplete responses to the mailed census
report form or to the questions posed by a telephone
enumerator introduce error into the census data. Such
incorrect information can lead, in some cases, to incorrect
enumeration of farms. This type of reporting error is
measured by the Classification Error Study discussed later
in this section. To reduce all types of reporting error,
questions were phrased as clearly as possible based on
tests of the census report form, and detailed instructions
for completing the report form were provided to each
addressee. In addition, each respondent's answers were
checked for completeness and consistency.
Item Nonresponse
Nonresponse to particular questions on the census
report that we would logically or statistically expect to be
present may create a type of nonsampling error in both
complete count and sample data. When information reported
for another farm with similar characteristics is used to edit
or impute for item nonresponse, the data may be biased
because the characteristics of the nonrespondents have
not been observed and may differ from those reported by
respondents. Any attempt to correct the data for nonre-
sponse may not completely reflect this difference either at
the element level (individual farm operation) or on the
average.
1987 CENSUS'OF AGRICULTURE
Processing Error
- ' • 'i'.: it
The many steps of processing of each census report
form are sources for the Introduction of nonsampling error.
The processing of the census report forms includes cleri-
cal screening for farm activity, computerized check-in ol
report forms and followup of nonrespondents, keying and
transmittal of completed report forms, computerized edit-
ing of inconsistent and missing data, review and correction
of individual records referred from the computer edit
review and correction of tabulated data, and electronic
data processing. These operations undergo a number ol
quality control checks to ensure as accurate an application
as possible, yet some errors are not detected and cor-
rected.
Classification Error
An evaluation study of classification errors was con-
ducted in the 1987 Census of Agriculture as part of the
census coverage evaluation program. A sample of mail list
respondents was selected, and these addresses reenu-
merated to determine whether they were a farm or non-
farm. A farm status determination was made based on the
evaluation questionnaire and compared with the status
based on the data reported on the census form. Differ-
ences in status were reconciled.
In past censuses, the proportion of farms undercountecl
due to classification errors was higher for farms with smal:
values of sales. The classification error rate was higher fot
(1) livestock farms than crop farms, (2) farms with a smali
number of acres than larger farms, or (3) tenant farms'than
full or part-owner farms. Results from the 1987 classifica-
tion error study will be published in the Coverage Evalua
tion report.
EDITING DATA AND IMPUTATION FOR ITEM
NONRESPONSE
For the 1987 Census of Agriculture, as in previous
censuses, all reported data were keyed and then edited ty
computer. The edits were used to determine whether the
reports met the minimum criteria to be counted as farms ir
the census. Computer edits also performed a sonos o
complex, logical checks of consistency and completeness
of item responses. They provided the basis for deciding tc
accept, impute (supply), delete, or alter the reported value
for each data record item.
Whenever possible, edit imputations, deletion--,, anc
changes were based on component or related d.it.i DM UK
respondent's report form. For some items, such ,v; oper
ator characteristics, data from the previous C';iv,ir. v.;er~c
used when available. Values for other missing o< \H\.\ .>;pt
able reported data items were calculated based on <••;>. n;.j<
quantities and known price parameters.
C-5
-------
When these and sbnflar methods were not avaHabte and
values had to be supplied, the Imputation process used
information reported for another farm operation hi a geo-
graphically adjacent area with characteristics similar to
those of the farm operation with incomplete data For
example, a farm operation that reported acres of com
harvested, but did not report quantity of com harvested.
was assigned the same bushels of com per acre harvested
as that of the last neaiby farm with similar characteristics
that reported acceptable yields during that particular exe-
cution of the computer edit The imputation for missing
items in each section of the report form was conducted
separately; thus, assigned values for one operation could
come from more than one respondent
Prior to the imputation operation, a set of default values
and relationships were assigned to the possible imputation
variables. The relationships and values varied depending
on the item being imputed. For example, different default
values were assigned for several standard industrial clas-
sification and total value of sales categories when imputing
hired farm labor expenses. These values and Hem relation-
ships for the possible imputation variables were stored in
the computer in a series of matrices. The computer
records were sorted by reported State and county, where
the county sequence was based on similar types of farms
and agricultural practices.
Each execution of the computer edit consisted of records
from only one State. For a given execution of the edit, the
-stored entries in the various •matrices were retained in the
computer only until a succeeding record having
characteristics for some sections of the report
processed by the computer. Then the acceptable r<
of the succeeding operation replaced those previously
stored. When a record processed through the edit had
unreported or unacceptable data, the record was assigned
the last acceptable ratio or response from an operation
with a similar set of characteristics. Once each execution
of the computer edit for a State was completed, the
possible imputation variables were reset to the default
values and relationships for subsequent executions.
After the initial computer edit keyed reports not meeting
the census farm definition were reviewed to ensure that
the data were keyed correctly. Edit referrals were gener-
ated for about 30 percent of the reports included as farms,
and they were also reviewed for keying accuracy and to
ensure that the computer edit actions were correct If the
results of the computer edit were not acceptable, correc-
tions were made and the record was reedited. More
extensive discussions of the edit and item imputation
methodology with measures of the extent of imputation in
the census estimates will be provided in a separate
research report
C-6
1987 CENSUS OF AGl<:
-------
Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
APPENDIX D:
1991 CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS FOR:
CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
FARM MACHINERY AND LAWN & GARDEN EQUIPMENT
PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS
MOTORS AND GENERATORS
EPA/OAR Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Sitnlv
Identification and Evaluation <>/
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS
U.S. Department of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Administration
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Construction Machinery
1991
MA35DOD-1
Issued January 1993
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Shipments of construction machinery as collected on
this survey totaled $6.7 billion in 1991, a 17.5 percent
decrease from the 1990 total of $8.1 billion . Shipments
of contractors off-highway wheels tractors, totaled $244.5
million, representing a 32-percent decrease from the
1990 shipments of $360.5 million. Shipments of tracklay-
ing tractors in 1991 were $998.7 million, a decrease of
9-percent from the 1990 shipments of $1,092.6 million.
The 1991 shipments of track shovel loaders totaled
$1,854.5 million, a decrease of 17-percent from the 1990
total of $2,235.9 million. Shipments of power cranes,
draglines, and shovels in 1991 totaled $1,237.0 million, a
decrease of 18 percent from the 1990 shipments of
$1,511.8 million. The 1991 shipments of mixers, pavers,
and related equipments totaled $518.6 million, a decrease
of 15-percent from the 1990 total of $609.6 million.
The 1991 shipments of scrapers bowls totaled $98.9
million. Other 1991 shipments included motor graders,
$356.7 million; rollers and compactors, $187.2 million;
off-highway vehicles $822.7 million; and rough terrain
forklifts, $167.9 million. Shipments of equipment for
mounting on tractors in 1991 totaled $196.3 million, a
decrease of 24-percent from the 1990 shipments of
$258.6 million.
A description-of the survey methodology and other
related information appears on page 12.
Ttblc 1. VALUE OP SHIPMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY: 1982 TO 1991
(Million! of dolliri)
Product
code
3531A
3531F
3531G
Product deacrlption
Contractor* off-htghway wheel tractor*
Mixer*, pavers, and related equipment
Scraper*; grader*; coepaccora; roller*;
off-highw«y truck*, trailer*, and wagon*; and
E4 P" <
1991
244.3
5!8. 6
I 633.3
196 3
1990
360.5
C2 235 9
609.6
2 023. '
1989
366.2
701.8
1 881.3
1988
408.1
2 027 6
565.3
1 524.2
363 8
1987
374.8
975 9
I 782 5
S69.9
1 249.9
481 1
1986
421.9
566.2
1
V.023.8
'
1985
486.6
628 7
632.1
2.322.0
1984
421.9
785 4
1 791 9
485.5
1.799.4
198!
292.4
,.)OV.
••>
_,
Revised by 5 p«rc«nc or «or« fro«'previously published figure*.
Beginning In 1987, parti for pover crsnes. drsgllnes.
-------
r«bl« 2. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF SHIPMENTS OF SELECTED TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY: 1991 AND 1990
(Quantity to nuaber of units; value to thouaandi of dollari)
Product
cod*
Product description
Nuaber of
coapanles
1991
Quantity
Value
Quantity
19901
3531A 00 Contractors' off-highway wheel tract on 13
Towing tract on (NA)
3531A 13 Single axle <,
Two axle:
3531A 20 Under 100 HP 1
3531A 22 100 through 149 HP 3
3531A 24 150 HP and ov«r v 4
3SJ1A 34 Rubber-tired doiers 2
3531A 37 Wheeled log i Udders, self-propelled 5
3531B 00 Crawler trectort 5
3S3U 30 Under 90 NEHP 4
35311 36 90 through 159 NEHP «
35311 40 160 NEHP and over 3
3531C 00 Loaden (NA)
3531C 60 Skid tteer loader! 7
Wheel loader!, non-ikld iteer (NA)
3531C 71 Under 79 NEHP 6
3531C 72 80 through 149 NEHP 5
3531C 73 150 through 249 NEHP 7
3531C 74 250 NEHP and over ' 6
Crawler loader!-***--*. 4
3531C 81 Under 90 NEHP 4
3SJ1C 84 90 NEHP and over 3
3531C 95 Backhoee (wheel cractor-chaaal! !hlpped ae part of front engine aount)......... 4
3531E 00 Power crane!, dragline!, ihovel! (excavator!), and attachaent! 47
Excavatore (NA)
Crawler oounted. (NA)
3531E 03 Cable operated 2
Hydraulic operated: |
3531E 05 Under 25 aetrlc toni I 10
3531E 06 25 through 40 metric tona • 5
3531E 07 Over 40 aetrlc ton*..... • 6
3531E 19 Wheel (rubber) nounted 6
Power cranei ( NA)
Lattice boon (NA)
Crawler counted (NA)
Maiciaua working load:
3531E 20 Under 91 tona 5
3531E 26 91 through 120 ton> 3
3531E 29 121 tona and over 4
Wheel (rubber) mounted (NA)
Haxiouv. working load:
3531E 37 Under 121 toni 4
3531E 38 121 tona and over 4
Hydraulic operated, telescopic booo.. (NA)
353IE 41 Crawler aounted I
Wheel (rubber oounted), multiple control itaclona j (NA)
Maxima working load:
3531E 51 Under 21 tona 6
3531E 52 21 through 30 tone 5
3531E 53 31 through 55 ton! 4
3531E 54 56 tona and over 3
3531E 57 Pinned on type, teleacopic and articulated... 3
Wheel (rubber oounted). one control ftatlon (NA)
Maxima working load:
3531E 68 Under 19 toni - 9
3531E 65 19 through 25 tona 5
3531E 66 26 tona and over 5
3531E 75 Dragline!, crawler and/or tub 2
Other cranea (NA)
3S31E 81 Locoaocive (except wrecking)................ 4
Pedeatal or enlpejounted urine cranee:
)S31E 82 Teleacoptc or box boo*. '
3531E 86 Lattice boo*. 3
3531E 85 All other creoee (Including locoeotlve wrecking) 7
Attachateota for powi- I
360.540
199,839
159.839
f40,000
160.701
1.092.559
r130.413
(D)
(D)
r2,235.881
(0)
1,094.839
24,242
256.861
355.615
458,121
(0)
(0)
(D)
(D)
1,511.757
705,574
631.451
(0)
256,798
75.268
(0)
74.123
(D)
(3)
tl.035
J2.510
211.814
C>
5.: 13
' 19.3 •>:
*>1.111
II.-'-
' .i'l
D-2
-------
T.bl« 1. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF SHIFMCNTS OF SELECTED TTRS OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY: 1991 AND I990--Continued
(Quantity In nmb«r of unite, value In thouaanda of dollar*)
Product
cod*
Product description
Number of
companies
1991
Quantity
1990
Quantity
Mixers. paver*, and related equipment--Continued
Concrete—Cont inued
Concrete pav«r§—Continued
3531F 34 Nonautouted (extruder) curberi and concrete placer apreadere.
3531F 39 Concrete trowele •
3531F 40 Concrete vlbratort .
3S31F 42 Concrete screed*..1 -
3531F 43 Concrete batching planta
Concrete pueipa. mobile:
Trailer mounted:
3531F 60 Under 25 cu. yds./hr
3531F 62 23 cu. yde./hr. and over
3S31F 6* Truck mounted
Slcuainoua:
353IF 66 Distributors
Paverj. feU-propelled:
3531F 71 Under 22.000 Us. grosa weight
3S31F 75 22,000 lb«. gross weight and over
3S31F 80 Paver*, not self-propelled
Asphalt planta (Including cold ffllx central planta):
3531F 82 Leas Chan 7,500 Ibe. (239 TPH)
3531F 84 7.500 Iba. and over (240 TPH and over)
3S31F 85 Stabilization olxlng equipment (Including central plants and mix-in-place)..
3531F 89 Cold planers/ollllng machines (self-propelled)
3531F 98 Other concrete and bituminous equipment, including mixers, heating kettles,
heaters, circulators, travel olx-type, and spreader boxes
3S31C pt. Scraper bovla
3531C 01 Conventional scraper bowls, (dig, carrying, and hauling) used as part of a
self-propelled, nonelevating. 2-wheel type scraper, S.A.E. struck rating
3531C 03 Elevating acraper bowls, (dig, carrying, and hauling), 2- and 4- wheel type,
S.A.E. heaped rating
3531C OS All other scraper bowls, including towed type
3531C pt. Motor graders and light malntalners
3531C 11 Under 145 NEKP
3531C 17 145 NEHP and over
3S,31C pt. Rollers and compactors (except hand-held)
Self-propelled type, ride on
Static compaction equipment (fully ballasted).
Smooth steel wheel rollers, tandem:
3S31C 21 Under 3 metric cone
3531C 23 3 through 5.4 metric tone
3S3IC 26 3.5 metric ton* and over
Pneumatic tire rollers:
3S31C 29 Under 2.5 metric tons
3S31C 31 2.3 metric tons and over
Multiple projection steel wheel rollers:
3531C 33 Embankment
3531C 35 Landfill.
Vibratory compaction equipment (fully ballasted)
Single drum with one or two drive wheels
3531C 37 Under 5 metric ton*
3531C 39 5 through 7 metric ton*...
3531C 42 8 metric tons and over
Double drum, two drum* vibrating....
3531C 45 Under 3 metric tons
3531C 47 3 through 4 metric tons.
3531C 49 5 through 7 metric tons...
3531C 51 8 through 11.2 metric tons
3531C 53 11.3 metric too* and over...
3531C 55 Double drust with one drum vibrating
3531C 57 Other compactors, except hand-held
3531C 91 Towed type roller*, including pneumatic tire, statlc-padfoot. sheepsfoot. bar
type, vibratory-smooth
1531C pt. Off-highway vehicles...... ;
3531C 71 Rear dump haulers ".
3531C 73 Integral self-powered side and bottom dumps. Including coal haulers
3531C 75 Off-highway truck-type, rear dump chassis used as a tractor for cowing earth.
rock, coal, and ore trailers..
3531C 77 Other truck-type tractor chassis used for log hauling, oilfields, desert. Jnd
other use*.
3531C 79 Off-highway trailers and vagona (end. side, and bottom dump)
3531C pt. Rough terrain forkllfts (Integral units only)
3531C 81 2-wheel drive, vertical last
3531C 83 4-uheel drive, vertical last
353IC 65 2- and 4- wheel drive, variable reach
22 i
(NA)
(NA) j
10 I
5
5
2
2
(NA)
(NA)
4
6
6
INA)
4
4
4
3
1
3
1
106
5,047
90.046
2.366
289
710
483
460
408
76
31
67
138
2,038
1.250
1.250
3.312
3.312
4.111
(D)
1.614
750
103
156
605
(D)
1.377
162
240
975
7)1
419
97
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
2,500
2.500
2.609
1.082
6.557
3|169
19.038
1.455
32,316
64,323
19.232
17.266
59.600
717
12.843
62,076
31.155
28,521
98,876
98,876
356,674
356.674
187.23;
(D) i
87.641
4.738
2,511
6.050
74.342
(D)
71,393
3.638
11.061
57.194
24.470
8.741
4.679
(D)
(D)
(0)
(D)
(D)
822,697
322.697
167.853
70.896
I.40!
95.556
r'""
6,771
88,336
18,311
317
958
421
r444
526
122
27
81
91
72
2.058
1,885
1,885
4.136
1.816
2.320
5.719
(D)
2.203
911 !
122
353
(D)
1.372
308
550
1.014
rl.!89
^594
83
203
>i6
63
(0)
(D)
(D)
' I . >9• I
See footnotes at end of table.
D-3
-------
Table 2. QUANTITY AMD VAUfc Of SHIPMENTS Of SEt£CTM TTPtS OF COMTKCTION MACHISSIT: 1991 AMD !990—Continued
(Quantity In nuaber a( unlc«; value In thousands of dollars)
Product
cod*
3531H 00
3531H 01
3531H 03
3531M 05
3531H 07
3531H 09
3531H 11
3531H 13
3531H 15
3S31H 17
3531H 19
3531H 21
3531H 23
353U 20
353IK U
353U 15
3S31K 16
353U 18
3531K 90
353U 81
3531K 83
3531K 85
3531K 87
Product description
"
Sid baa ° ""l h'^dl * "*
D f t
Winches (cowing, logging and oil-field types):
Backho*s:
Self-propelled continuous ditchers and trenchers (Integral units only)
u
Number of
companies
31
2
6
3
6
8
2
3
3
3
3
5
7
10
(NA)
4
5
5
4
29
9
13
8
" i
19
K^»H«_^_^B^>H
Quantity
66,96*
(0)
1.077
} .'7,777
J 7,342
(D)
(D)
(D)
154
3,35*
713
5,876
(0)
2,550
2.389
\ 937
22,124
4,464
7.520
1,557
8.583
91
Value
196.302
(0)
7,066
69.575
55,610
(0)
(0)
(0)
588
13,281
13.765
111,816
(D)
14,691
46.510
50,615
566,971
214,020
107.418
8.897
236.636
:9
Quantity
f83.607
(0)
2.925
53,147
r9.392
(0)
(D)
(D)
iso
r6,398
969
7.687
(D)
r).'l69
rl.C69
30,:&6
10.341
1.687
9,391
2 53. 005
O)
13.929
75,477
r7 1.524
(0)
(0)
(0)
813
29.789
IS. -66
C9.715
CO)
r53.008
r5-.030
81-. 926
330.639
i . .-•» 1
(D) Data withheld CO avoid disclosing figures for individual coopanies. (SA) Noc available. Revised by 5 percent or more froa previously
published figures.
3531E 26 and 3531E 29), to avoid disclosing figures for individual companies.
D-4
-------
Tabl« 3. COMPARISON OF VALUES Of SHIPMENTS Of CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY. AS REPORTED IN THE MA350.
THE 1987 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES. AND THE 1940 ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES
(Value In chouaanda of dollars)
Product
code
353!
3S3IA
3531B
3531C
3531E
3531F
3S31C
3531H
3531K
3531M
35310 00
35310 02
Product descripcion
Wheel tractor chassis, shipped as part of front-engine aouot,
integral design tractor shovel loader back hoe
D 11
i
cum o a q p
Scrapers, graders, compactors, off-highway trucks and trailers.
Graders
C
l
n h
Portable crushing, screening, washing, and combination planes.
Parts for construction machinery a ad equipaenc
Contractors* off-highway wheel tractors, cracklaying tractors.
Conatruccioo machinery for mounting and tractors and
Construction machinery n.s.k.. typically for establishments with
Construction machinery n.s.k.. typically for establishment* with
1990
HAJ5D
(X)
360.5
1,092.6
2,235.9
(0)
(D)
(0)
1,511.8
705.6
\ 637.2
169.0
609.6
363.1
222.7
23.8
2,023.8
181.6
408.0
267.2
957.7
209.3
2258.6
(X)
129.7
814.9
'85.1
(X)
C)
(<•>
(')
(<•>
(<•>
(*)
Annual Survey
of Manufaeturea
Value
14,888.0
364.6
1,106.3
2,167.4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,655.6
(NA)
f (NA)
X (NA)
(NA)
612.3
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
-2.000.4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2543.7
1,814.5
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
3.890.6
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
>• 732.7
Standard
error of
etttoateal
1
1
1
1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
3
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
7
2
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1
1987
KA350
(X)
374.8
975.9
1,782.5
1.055.0
100.0
627.5
955.4
423.0
268.7
45.4
218.3
569.9
297.7
232.4
39.8
1,249.9
145.4
327.7
264.3
391.5
121.0
2431.1
(X)
127.6
529.3
371.6
(X)
270.7
C)
(')
(*)
Note: In the 1987 Census of Manufactures, shipments for small companies, typicslly those with fewer than 10 employees, were e*t
adequately identified by detail product were coded In some cases to Industry 3531 (four-digits) followed "000."
(0) Oaca withheld Co avoid disclosing figures for Individual companies. (NA) Not available. n.s.k. Not specified by kinc
applicable.
The annual survey of e*snuf accures percentage standard errors shown are the approxlaace relative standard errors of the e*claat<
more detailed description of Che standard error of estimate Is given In the Introduction of the annual survey of manufactures. v*u
Cenaua of
11,704.6
379.7
945.6
1.741.8
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
957.1
(SA)
(NA)
(NA)
586.1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,221.4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(SA>
(NA)
1.356.9
i:5.8
501.9
71.0
3.249.1
1.401.2
270.:
191.6
210.3
397.3
i90.3
Ki.5
JOB. 9
iajced f rota
Produces .".oc
(X) soc
* of If v* i . \
t c( Prodti.-:
Shipments. H90(AS)-2, undmr "Qualification* of the Data."
*Data for snow clearing attachments for eounclng on tractors or trucks are Included with the census of manufacture* shlpaencs, buc ««ciu-:^.:
fro* the MAJSO shipments.
^Collected on the MAJSf. Mining Machinery.
^Available only from the annual surv«y of eanuf acture's and census of aanuf ictures.
D-5
-------
Tsble 4A. SHIPMENTS, EXPORTS, AND IMPORTS OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY: 1991
Product
code
J5JU 13, 2U,
22. 24
35JIA 34
JlJU 37
J1JIB 10. 36
njifl 40
mic 6o
73. 74
J53IC 81
35)|C 84
J5JIC 0)
)•> la 0)
35.11 ill
> > JIL 1 •<
) "> 1 1 1. 2 0
J^JIL !>•
n IIL 11
J»ll H
JiJIl 5'
mil In
)". HI M
11JIL 52
)•>)!£ 65
Jlllt bb
15I.C t-B
mil 82
)5>lt 80
)5)lt 11
See t uolnute
Product description
Crawler tractors (net enflna horsepower):
j design; 4-wheel drive, non-skid steer-
,
1 1 i a r , y P
j
I
I '
•
)C,.«... P
• at end of cable*
Msnuf scturers '
shipments '
Quant Ity
1.427
I 1.182
\ 7.423
(D)
7.376
(D)
(D)
>• 2,650
420
.
4,138
75
144
430
Value
127.547
116,973
998.740
(D)
893.287
(D)
(D)
390,690
62.090
634,072
20,000
7,021
j 3I.55J
Export ahlpisenta
Quantity
1.040
(NA)
1.992
2.189
(NA)
97
36
1.168
54
2,436
(NA)
(NA)
(HA)
Value
as
reported?
19,949
44,582
170,501
92.615
187,564
4.201
1,868
14.624
164.959
3,966
2.823
I 3.685
Estimated
producers'
Value1
12.18)
16,138
100,128
75.07*
114.159
1.407
1.115
132,603
11,854
133,746
3,215
2,288
2,987
Percent
Exports to
•anuf acturers '
•hlpaents
uant Ity
73
(NA)
27
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
44
1)
59
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
Value
25
31
30
(NA)
15
(NA)
(NA)
34
19
21
16
11
9
Imports for
consumption' *
Quantity
4.104
2.569
2.2)1
2.060
2,406
114
27)
2.51)
275
4.645
184
45
647
20.546
54,239
101.6)7
76.552
1)8.268
5,80)
31,673
217,686
20,369
16,672
15.7)4
1.724
\ 859
Apparent .
contuapt Ion
4,491
(NA)
7.662
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
),995
641
6.347
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
Hi. 710,
135.074
800.0*9
(NA)
717,196
(NA)
(NA)
475.77)
70,605
5)7,028
12,579
6,457
I 29,425
Percent
Imports tu
apparent
consumption
Quantity
91
(NA)
29
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
61
73
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
Value
It
4U
1)
(NA)
1*
(NA)
(NA)
40
-It
1
-------
Table 4A. SHIPMENTS, EXPORTS, AND IMPORTS OP CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY: 1991--CoatInued
(Quantity In unit*; value In thousand* of dollar*)
Product
code
3VJ.K 33. )*.
Ji3lK 66. 71,
7i. 00
3i)l»' 6U, 62.
64
)*31C Ul , U),
0V
3>3ic it . i;
3 V3 1 C 21. 23,
2b. 29. 31.
33. 35
3>31C 3;. 39,
fc2. 4i. O.
<•*. il. >3.
>i. i/
n nc 11
J •> J 1 L / i
J > J 1 L M
miiJ >X //
.mm ui
)i.llM U)
Ji J1H Ui. U/
J> JIM U<4. 11
J i J 1 H 11
J)IIH 1 /
35)1* !<.. 1),
1 6
I1) J 1 *- 10
Product description
LjeU-prop«l led vibratory compact Ion equipment..
Winchc* (towlnf. logging. *nd oil-field
S« 11 -prope 1 led continuuu* ditcher* «nd
trencher* (integral unit*):
Uheel-type digging element
.hlp-enta.
Quantity
374
1,427
710
1,250
3,312
1,614
(D)
(D)
• 2,500
(D)
1,077
47,77;
7,342
(D)
(0)
V 5,876
Value
5), 019
96.815
64,32)
98,876
156,674
87,641
(D)
(D)
822,697
(0)
7,066
69,575
55,610
(D)
(0)
111,816
Export ahlpaenta
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
315
2,627
7)2
1,22)
20,171
(NA)
27)
(NA)
(NA)
1,)))
14,303
22)
1,5)6
Value
aa
reported?
19,61)
22,267
25, 81)
. ),)55
215,4)0
37,830
37,848
)0,5);
497,588
17,406
(NA)
51,159
5,2)9
13,637
2,608
25,485
producera'
Value^
15,898
18,050
20,924
2,720
174,628
30.665
30,680
24,75)
403,345
14,109
(NA)
41,469
4,247
11,216
2,114
20,658
Percent
Exporte to
auinufacturera '
ahlpaenta
Quantity
(MA)
(NA)
(NA)
25
79
45
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
18
(NA)
(NA)
26
Value
30
19
1)
)
49
35
(NA)
(NA)
49
(NA)
(NA)
60
8
(NA)
(NA)
18
fl-
' D..
l»«- „( I l.t l"rri»-ii t tpot 1 . In ^O, U.S. t»j>Of(».
. -. , ,. i •>, .11 i*,.(ur lui in it trport I « O.blOb.
laporta lor
conauaption' *
Quantity
89
702
52)
18
107
100
1,065
2.001
760
41
7,281
189,885
640
25.1)0
796
20
Value
448
6,271
9,612
405
20.322
6,510
40,416
5,0)4
4), 822
4,02)
20,56)
29,391
1,0)7
6,8)5
87)
680
Apparent .
conauapt Ion
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
97)
992
1,182
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
6,649
(NA)
(NA)
4,360
Value
37.569
85.056
51,011
96,561
202,168
61,486
(NA)
(NA)
461,174
(NA)
(NA)
57,497
52,400
(NA)
(NA)
91,8)8
Percent
laporta to
apparent
conauaptlon
Quantity
(NA)
1
(NA)
(NA)
4
)1
25
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10
(NA)
(NA)
1
Value
1
7
ia
1
10
10
(NA)
(NA)
1
(NA)
(NA)
51
2
(NA)
(NA)
1
e '6.
-------
00
Table 48. SHIPMENTS. EXPORTS, AND IMPORTS OP CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY:
(Quantity tn unlta; value In thousand* of dollara)
o
CO
Product
code
333U 1). 20.
22. 2*
3S3IA 34
3531A 31
35311 30. 36
353U 40
353IC 60
333IC 11. n.
13. 14
353IC 81
353IC 04
)53lt 01
JiJIt Ui
35 lit 06
13 III. 07
J5 IlL I "*
JillL 20
IbJIC 26
IV1IC 21
JS1IL 41
J5III 57
J33II 31
333IC 38
333IE 51
353IC 52
351IE il
3i3lt i4
)i)l£ 65
)i)l[ 66
)1)IE 68
3b3|[ 82
)i)IE 86
)i)IL Vb
llllt •»'
ir < 1 oo( nut
Ptoducc description
Contractors off-l>l|hw*7 >tMal tractor! (or
Whttled loj aklddert. aalf-propal lad
I
iLxCivitort, hydraulic operated, crawler
LACdvatum, hyJr*u 1 1 c opcr.iCed, wtictfl
>»
J
J
^
• ^t end uf t«blc.
Manufacturera '
•hlpaental
.Quantity
2.121
L 1.954
L 8.181
(0)
9.890
(0)
(0)
[• 1.'55
i"il
. i,847
as
116
1.382
Value
199.839
160.101
1,092.339
(D)
1.094.839
(0)
(0)
651.451
14,123
631,2011
18,85?
9,841
31,022
Ciport ahlpaenta
Quantity
1,190
828
1,660
2,9)2
(NA)
155
34
1.194
55
1.186
(NA)
(NA)
1.21)
Value
as
reported'
42.836
45,652
308,149
74.721
421,321
4,615
2,131
198, 288
3,539
96,631
3,231
1.352
3.189
producere1
Value1
34,12)
31.168
230,272
60.569
341.52)
3.190
2.214
160.132
2.869
78,334
2.619
1.096
2,585
Percent
Exporta to
•anuf acturera*
ahlpcenta
Quantity
it
42
19
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
30
10
31
(NA)
(NA)
88
Value
11
2)
2)
(NA)
31
(NA)
(NA)
25
4
12
14
11
1
laporta for
conauatptlon' *
Quantity
10,718
4,8))
3,953
4.786
4,476
211
817
5,947
5)8
5.34)
111
),751
2,410
Value
43,007
89.097
164.731
181.079
261.040
14,944
91.119
4)7.639
38.442
54,1))
9,990
2,428
1,319
Apparent .
consumption
Quantity
11.113
5,959
11,074
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
8,708
1,0)0
9,404
;
-------
Table 4B. SHIPMENTS, EXPORTS, AND IMPORTS OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY: 1990—Continued
(Quantity in unit*; value In thouaanda of dollari)
Produce
code
)5)ir 11. 34
JS1IF 66. II,
75. «0
)5)tf t>0, 62,
6«
35)10 01, 03.
0)
15)10 11, 17
35HC 21, 23,
26, 29. 31.
31, 15
353IC 37, 19.
42. 45. 47,
1,1. SI. 51,
55. 51
mic •)!
nnc />
11 Ml M
mic /5. ;;
)5)IH 01
J51IH 0)
351IH 05, 01
J51IH at. i i
151IH 1 )
351IH 1?
)5MH l«. 15.
16
J5 Jl< Id
Product description
k
tie If 'propel led little compaction equlpatent
5e 1 f -propel led vlbretorjr compaction equipment.*
All other of ( -hlghwcy truck-type trector
Wlnche* (towlnf. logging, end oil-field
Se U-propelled contlnuoue ditcher* end
Wheel-type digging elea«nt
Manufacturers '
ahlpmenta'
Quantity
451
1,513
958
1,885
A, 116
2,203
(D)
(D)
> 3,2110
(D)
2.925
53,147
9.192
(D)
(0)
f 7.1.87
56,539
104,698
77.548
181, 556
407,987
120,291
(D)
(D)
957,726
(0)
13,929
75,477
71.524
(D)
(0)
129,715
Ciport ahlpaenta
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
75
1,957
629
1,176
17.174
3,126
125
1,966
(NA)
1,121
16.617
209
1,727
Value
• aa
11,865
22.992
19.026
4,118
161,646
14,851
10.915
22,717
531,715
17,560
16,615
58,858
5,696
i 16,025
1,317
22,873
El t tinted
producers'
Value)
11.219
18,617
15,422
1.138
131,010
28,250
25,060
18,414
431,008
14,234
11,468
47.710
4,617
II.990
1,084
10,541
Percent
Export* to
•anuf acturera '
ahlpatenta
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
4
47
29
(NA)
(NA)
95
(NA)
67
(NA)
14
(NA)
(NA)
22
Value
20
18
20
2
12
21
(NA)
(KA)
45
(NA)
97
63
6
(NA)
(NA)
14
Icporta for
consumption* *
Quantity
1,645
64 5
4,022
74
SIB
678
5,170
1.994
5.724
1}
11,119
404.077
2,852
14.977
899
18
2.319
5,424
19, SOS
1,216
29.497
t, 748
81.651
5.036
130. 583
1.717
21.861
10.997
4,072
17,690
1,562
24
Apparent 5
conauaipt Ion
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,884
2.697
2.2S2
(NA)
(NA)
5,878
(NA)
12,298
(NA)
10.921
(NA)
(NA)
5.978
47.619
91.485
81.931
179.434
306.454
100,791
(NA)
(NA)
657.301
(NA)
22.122
S8.764
70.979
(NA)
(NA)
111.198
Percent
{•port* to
apparent '
conauaipt ton
Quantity
(MA)
f (NA)
(NA)
4
1*
30
(NA)
(NA)
97
(NA)
92
(NA)
26
(NA)
(NA)
1
Value
S
6
24
1
10
9
(NA)
(NA)
20
(NA)
ttt
5)
6
(NA)
(NA)
to avoid dlcclOMlnj figure* (or Individual corapanlca. (NA) No I available
.0.1 ol i(«nd«!d lndu«irl«l Clttitil ( icdt Ion-batted product coJtb, Schvdult: t **\>»n
i r • . ol (lie CftiBM* irfioct, CM l^i, U.Ji . E mPr. 1J!'
. „,,, Jrii.tJ Li l'>« w*c ul «d ]u»
it
.
laictof* to eirluOe If
ul c.^ufieJgOuOt,. Cut ( c
!• (J . t) | Ot •
U - 'j . I aj.ur I • l_ui Co_t>» -.«]'t U
r .j>uf I • ( r o« t ht I ot J I it I
( jd ] .1
NEHP * Nel engine horsepower.
nbcr*, and HTSUSA Import numbers, bee table b.
ut hi-r chiirgtf •) 1 ncur red In tvovl ng goods to t he port of export. Thla adjuataenc •• attade to convert t he
jrr b.ittcJ on data for 19B* which are published In Expuria fro* Manut«ctur I ng Eatabl Uhaentg. AR&9-I.
-------
10
Table S. COMPARISON Of STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PRODUCT COOES WITH
SCHEDULE B EXPORT NUMBERS. AND HTSUSA IMPORT NUMBERS: 1991
.Product code
3S31A 13. 20,
22. 24
3531A 34
3S31A 37
3S3IB 30, 36
3531B 40
3531C 60
3531C 71. 72.
73, 74
3S31C 81
3531C 84
3S31E 03
3531E 05
3531E 06
3531E 07
3531E 19
3531E 20
3531E 26
3531E 29
3531E 41
3J31E 57
3531E 37
3S31E 38
3531E 51
3531E 52
3531E 53
3531E 54
3531E 65
3531E 66
3531E 68
3531E 82
3531E 86
3531E 95
3531E 97
See footnotes
Product description
\Contractors off-highway wheel tractors for use
Crawler tractors (net engine horsepower):
^Uheel loaders, rear engine mount. Integral design;
Crawler loaders (net engine horsepower):
Under 90 NEHP ...
90 NEHP and over
^Excavators, hydraulic operated, crawler mounted....
Excavators, hydraulic operated, wheel (rubber)
at end of table.
Export
number I
{-8701.90. 5015
J 8701.90.5020
^8701.90.5025
8429.19.0010
8701.90.1001
r8701.30.0015
^8701.30.0030
'8701.30.0045
• 8701.30.0060
_8 701. 30.0075
8429.51.1060
'8429.51. 1015
8429.51.1025
8429.51.1030
, 8429.51.1035
8429.51.1040
8429.51.1045
8429.51.1050
J429.51.1055
t 8429. 51. 5010
1^ 8429.51.5020
{-8429.51.5030
{ 8429.51.5040
(^8429.51.5050
8429.52.1020
8429.52.1010
8429.52.1030
8426.99.0000
(8705.10.0010
8705.10.0050
8426.30.0000
8431.41.0060
8431.41.0040
nuOTslsw
8701.90.5015
8701.90.5020
8701.90.5025
8429.19.0010
8701.90.1001
(-8701.30.1015
J8701.30.5015
| 8701.30.1030
(j3701.30.503Q
f8701.30.1045
\8701.30.5045
J870l.30.1060
1 8701.30.5060
/8701.30.1075
\870l.30.5075
8429.51.1060
8429.51.1015
8429.51.1025
8429.51.1030
8429.51.1035
8429.51.1040
8429.51.1045
6429. 51. 1010
8429. 51^B
8429.51.5010
8429.51.5020
8429.51.5030
8429.51.5040
8429.51.5050
8429.52.1020
8429.52.1010
8429.52. 1030
8426.99.0000
8705. 10.0010
8705. 10.0050
a4:6. )o.^^l
8D1 . •: . ^^
A '- i 1 . • : . ' • •
D-10
-------
11
Table S. COMPARISON OF STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PRODUCT COOES WITH
SCHEDULE B EXPORT NUMBERS. AMD HTSUSA IMPORT NUMBERS: 1991—Continued
Product code
3531F 33 34
3531F 66. 71.
75, 80
3S31F 60, 62.
64
3531C 01. 03.
OS
3S31C 11 17
3531C 21. 23,
•){. 7Q -11
33. 35
3531C 37, 39.
42. 45, 47,
49. 51. 53,
55, 57
TCIlf O1
3531G 71
3531C 73
3531C 75, 77
3531H 01
3531H 03
3531H 05, 07
3S31H 09 11
3531H 13
353LH 17
3531K 14,15,
16
3531K 18
Produce description
Of f -highway integral self-powered side and hoc con
All other off-highway truck-type tractor chassis...
Construction machinery for mounting:
Winches (towing, logging, «nd oil-field types)...
Self-propelled continuous ditchers and
trencher* (Integral units):
Export
number1
8479.10.0040
8479 10 0060
8413.40.0000
8430.62.0000
8429 20 0000
8429 40.0040
8429.40.0020
8430 61 0030
f 8704.10.5020
1 8704.10.5030
] 8704.10.5040
1,8704.10.5050
8704.10.5060
8704.10.1000
8428.90.0030
• 8431.42.0000
/ 8425.31.0000
\_ 8425.39.0000
8431 49.9005
8431 49.9010
8431.49.9015
8429.59.5020
8429 59.5040
Import
number?
8479.10.0040
8479 10 0060
8413 40 0000
8430 62 0000
8429 20 0000
8429 40 0040
8429.40.0020
8430 61 0000
8704.10.5020
8704.10.5030
8704.10.5040
8704.10.5050
8704. 10.5060
8704.10.1000
8428.90.0030
8431.42.0000
8425.31.0000
8425.39.0000
8431 49 9005
8431 49 9010
8431.49.9015
8429.59.S020
8429 59 5040
Source: 1991 edition. Haraooited Systesi Based Schedule B, Statistical Classification of
Domestic and Foreign Coaaoditles Exported fro« the United States.
iSource:Haraonlted Tariff Schedule of the United States, Annotated (1991).
D-ll
-------
12
DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY
Scop* of Survey. This survey covers firms engaged in
the manufacture of selected types of construction machin-
ery. Very small firms (Generally less than five employ-
ees) for which 1987 Census of Manufactures data were
derived from Administrative records of other govern-
ment agencies are excluded.
Survey Methodology. The statistics in this publication
were collected by mail on Bureau of the Census annual
Form MA35D, Construction Machinery. The survey panel
includes all known producers of the types of construc-
tion machinery covered on the survey, except the very
small firms excluded from the scope of the survey.
Approximately 270 companies are included. No estimate
is derived for the small firms excluded from the survey.
Reliability of Data. Survey error may result from several
sources: (1) inability to obtain information about all
cases in the survey; (2) response errors; (3) definitional
difficulties; (4) differences in the interpretation of ques-
tions; (5) mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained;
and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage,
and estimation for missing data. These nonsampling
errors also occur in complete censuses. Although no
direct measurement of the biases due to nonsampling
errors has been obtained, precautionary steps were
taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and
tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their
influence.
A major source of bias in the published estimates is
due to imputing data for nonrespondents, for late report-
ers, and for data which fail logic edits. Missing figures are
imputed based on yearly movements shown by report-
ing firms. Imputation generally is limited to a maximum
of 10 percent for any one data cell. Figures with imputa-
tion rates greater than 10 percent are footnoted.
The imputation rate is not an explicit indicator of the
potential error in published figures due to nonresponse,
because the actual yearly movements for nonrespon-
dents may or may not closely agree with the imputed
movements. The range of difference between the actual
and imputed figures is not precisely known, but is assumed
to be small. The degree of uncertainty regarding the
accuracy of the published data increases as the percent-
age of imputation increases. Figures with imputation
rates above 10 percent should be used with caution.
Revisions to Previous Pariod Data. Statistics for previ-
ous years may be revised as the result of corrected data
from respondents, late reports for which imputations
were made as described above, or other corrections.
Figures which have been revised by more than 5 percent
from previously published figures are indicated by foot-
notes.
Revisions ihdude changes to prior period
ing from reconciliation of the results of
with the 1987 Census of Manufactures to correwfer
ences in reported data between the two series and t<
identify and verify new establishments included in th<
scope of this survey. Table 3 presents a comparison o
data from the two series by census product class follow
ing the reconciliation.
Adjustment for Price Change. All dollar figures includec
in this publication are in current dollars; i.e., they hav<
not been adjusted for price change.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
Quantity and Value of Shipments. The figures on quan
tity and value of shipments represent physical shipment:
of all products sold, transferred to other establishment:
of the same company, or shipped on consignment
whether for domestic or export sale. The value repre
sents the net sales price, f.o.b. plant, to the customer 01
branch to which the products are shipped, net of dis
counts, allowances, freight charges, and returns. Ship-
ments to a company's own branches are assigned the
same value as comparable sales to unaffiliated custom-
ers; i.e., the value includes an appropriate allooi 01
company overhead and profit. Products
resold without further manufacture are
Wheel Tractors, Contractors' Off-Highway Type. Whee;
tractors designed primarily to be used as towing units for
scrapers, trailers, wagons, and similar types of towed
equipment for use on natural terrain. These units may be
2- or 4-wheel type.
Tractor Shovel Loaders— Wheel Type, Front-End Load
(Integral Design, Rear Engine Mount). Complete machines
originally conceived and designed as heavy duty, wheel
type, front-end loaders, and not as wheel tractors, to
receive shovel loading attachments.
Off-Highway Vehicles. Vehicles designed for operation
off public highways to transport material or equipment
on mining, construction, logging, petroleum develop-
ment, and similar project sites.
Excavator. A commercial earth-moving machine equipped
with a bucket-mounted front-end attachment mounted
on a 360-degree revolving superstructure.
Crane. A machine having a front-end lifting
and operating machinery mounted on a
structure.
Cable Operated. A machine with front-end ,jn.f.- --lent
functions performed by wire rope.
D-12
-------
13
Hydraulic Excavator. A machine with front-end attach-
ment functions performed hydraulically.
Crawler Mounted. A machine with two parallel continu-
ous crawlers or tread belts.
Truck Mounted (Rubber). A machine which generally has
two engines, one to propel the carrier and another to
power the work functions. A truck- or carrier-mounted
machine will have two operator stations and is designed
for on- and off-highway travel.
Self-Propelled (Rubber). A machine which has only one
engine and one operator station. The engine may be
mounted in either the upper or lower works.
Net Engine Horsepower(NEHP). Net flywheel perfor-
mance as measured by manufacturer, with all standard
accessories installed, operated, and corrected to 29.38
inches mercury (Hg) and temperature of 85 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Tractors with torque converter transmission should
be included in the same horsepower group as the com-
parable model tractor equipped with direct drive trans-
mission. Where there is no comparable direct drive
model tractor, include such tractors at 80 percent of net
horsepower at the flywheel.
Hydraulic Crane. A machine with 360-degree rotation on
which the boom is designed primarily for lifting the load
by wire rope, and which can be extended, retracted,
raised, and lowered hydraulically.
Integrated Hydraulic Truck Mounted Crane. A telescopic
truck mounted (rubber) crane mounted on a purpose-
designed crane carrier chassis.
Pinned on Telescopic Crane. A hydraulically-powered
multipurpose rotating crane-with fixed or telescoping
booms designed to lift and place materials by winch and
load line and which is mounted onto a commercially
available vehicle having a platform or body.
Pinned on Articulated Crane. A stationary or vehicle
mounted hydraulically powered mutipurpose knuckle
boom crane consisting of an inner and outer boom that
can fold to a stowable position. Excluded are those
machines commonly known as knuckle boom loaders.
Unmounted Cranes. These cranes are classified under
"Construction machinery for mounting."
D-I3
ABBREVIATIONS AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS
hp horsepower = .7457 kilowatts (kW)
cu. yd. cubic yard = .7646 cubic meters (cu. m.)
kg kilogram = 2.205 pounds (Ibs)
ft feet = .305 meters (m)
s.t. short ton = .907 metric tons
NEHP net engine horsepower
t.p.h. tons per hour
Ibs pounds
COMPARISON OF EXPORT, IMPORT, AND
DOMESTIC OUTPUT DATA
The trade comparisons shown in this report should be
considered only as approximations. Several problems
prevent precise comparisons among imports, exports,
and domestic output. These problems include the fol-
lowing:
• Export and import comparisons do not account for the
origin of materials used to manufacture the finished
product. Domestic output includes any goods that
undergo substantial transformation into a finished
product in the U.S., even if the goods are partially
constructed abroad or are constructed of imported
materials.
• There will be a lag between the time a producer makes
or ships a product and the time it is actually exported.
Similarly, there may be a lag between the time a
product is imported and when it enters into U.S.
distribution channels.
• The basic structures of these classification systems
differ. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) sys-
tem used for domestic output was developed inde-
pendently of the Harmonized System (HS) used to
classify imports and exports. The level of detail pro-
vided by the different systems varies substantially,
reflecting their different objectives. For example, there
are a number of imported commodities that have no
comparable domestic output classification.
• Because producers' shipments of some commodities
may be used as materials for incorporation into other
commodities, combinations of domestic output data
for such commodities may contain some duplication.
• Import and export data reflect the movement of mer-
chandise into and out of U.S. foreign trade zones, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and the U.S. customs territory sf
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto
Rico. Domestic output reflects activity in the 50 States
and, only if specified, in Puerto Rico.
• Import and export data generally do not d'istinauish
between new, used or rebuilt commodities.
-------
14
• The valuations of the three data sets differ. Domestic
output is valued at the point of production. It includes
the net sales price, f.o.b. plant after discounts and
allowances, and excludes freight charges and excise
taxes. Exports are valued at the point of exportation.
Export value includes the net sales price or value, and
inland freight, insurance and other charges to the
export point. Imports are valued at the first port of
entry in the United States. They include the cost,
insurance, freight, duty, and other charges to the
import point.
• Detailed commodity information is not included for
individual export or import shipments at or below a
certain dollar limit. This dollar limit is $2,500 for exports
and $1,250 for imports, except for import of textiles
and textile products, gloves, footwear, and miscella-
neous rubber and plastics products, where the limit is
$250.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Data on construction machinery have been collected
by the Bureau of the Census since 1942. Historical data
may be obtained from Current Industrial Reports (called
Facts for Industry before 1959) available at your local
Federal Depository Library. A list of these libraries may
be obtained from the Bureau of the Census regional
offices:
Serin Frequency Title
Office
Atlanta, Georgia
Boston, Massachusetts
Charlotte, North Carolina
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit Michigan
Kansas City, Kansas
Van Nuys, California
New York, New York
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Seattle, Washington
Telephone
404-730-3833
617-565-7100
704-344-6142
312-353-6251
214-767-0621
303-969-6750
313-354-4654
913-236-3728
818-904-6336
212-264-4730
215-597-8313
206-728-5314
Historical data are also available on microfiche. For
further information contact the Bureau of the Census.
Data User Services Division, 301-763-4100.
RELATED REPORTS
The Bureau of the Census also publishes the following
related reports:
S«ri«s Fr«qu«ncy Thlo
Current Industrial Reports
M37L Monthly Truck Trailers
MA35A Annually
MA35F Annually
MA35L Annually
MA35P Annually
Other Industry Reports
M3-1 Monthly
(AS) Annually
(MC)
Quin-
quenriially
Foreign Trade Reports
CD-ROM Monthly/
Annually
FT 447 Annually
CD-ROM
FT 247
Monthly/
Annually
Annually
Farm Machinery and L
and Garden Equipment
Mining Machinery
Internal Combustion Engines
Pumps and Compressors
Manufacturers' Shipments,
Inventories, and Orders
Annual Survey of Manufac-
tures (ASM)
Census of Manufactures
U,S. Exports—Schedule B-
Commodity by Country
U.S. Imports for
Consumption—HTS US A —
Commodity by Country
CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS
Subject Area
Current Industrial
Report MA35D
Classification
Systems
Comparability
Foreign Trade
Census/ASM
International
Trade
Administration
To order a
Current Industrial
Report
To subscribe to a
Census Bureau
publication
Contact
Donald Burgess
Francis
McCormick
(ESD)
Trade Data
Inquiries Staff
(FTD)
Tom Lee
Leonard
Heimowitz
Superintendent
of Documents
(GPO)
Superintendent
of Documents
(GPO)
irn^WF
Phono Nu
301-763-7492
301-763-1935
301-763-5140
301-763-5752
202-377-0558
202-783-3238
202- 512-2303
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared in the Industry O
Bureau of the Census, under the direction of
Flood, Chief, Current Durables Branch. and
Thomas. Chief, Machinery and Equipment Se
Burgess was directly responsible for the re^<
data and preparation of the repon :
Bugenhagen. Acting Chief of the Division. JM.;
Tinari. Assistant Chief for Current Induou.i
provided overall direction and coordination :.-):•
on
D-14
-------
Statistical Briefs....Fast Data for Those in a Hurry!
Sielis-Ucel
ftlc-i
Who's Supporting th« Kids?
Need Census Bureau data
quickly? Don't have time to
wade through long reports to
get the data you need?
Statistical Briefs are the
answer!
Statistical Briefs are short,
usually only 2 pages. They're
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Briefs present the latest
demographic, economic, and
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Bureau's many survey and
census programs. Any data
user will find them useful!
Briefs are now available covering a multitude of topics,
including children, education, housing, computer use, pension
coverage, voter turnout, defense industries, consumer
spending, and many, many more!
Briefs can also be used as scripts for slide shows on various
trends. You can order these slides from the Census Bureau.
ISifvH
Trade With the Pacific Rim
Yes, please send me information on Statistical Briefs and a listing of all
available Briefs. Tell me too about Census Bureau slide programs.
Additional address / attention lin«
City. Stata. and ZIP Cod*
Mall to: Cuatomir S«rv/c««, Burttu of th* Census, Data Usw S«rvfc*« Division. Washington. DC 20233
D-15
-------
CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS
U.S. Department of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Administration
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Farm Machinery and Lawn
and Garden Equipment
1991
MA36A(91M
Issued February 1993
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
During 1991, factory shipments of farm machinery
and equipment, including parts and attachments pro-
duced by original equipment manufactures (OEM), totaled
$7,708.6 million, a decrease of 12 percent from 1990
shipments of $8,809.2 million. The 1991 total included
planting, seeding, and fertilizing machinery, $604.6 mil-
lion, a decrease of 11 percent from the 1990 level of
shipments; harrows, rollers, pulverizers and stalk cutters,
$327.3 million, a decrease of 18 percent from 1990;
plows and listers, $119.8 million, a decrease of 12 per-
cent; harvesting machinery, $2,158.0 million, a decrease
of 6 percent; haying machinery, $658.9 million, a decrease
of 25 percent; farm dairy machines, sprayers and dust-
ers, farm elevators, and farm blowers, $450.8 million, a
decrease of 13 percent; and all other farm machinery
and equipment (including farm tractors), $3,389.2 mil-
lion, a decrease of 13 percent.
The dollar value of factory shipments of commercial
turf and ground equipment, including parts, was $716.6
million in 1991, an increase of 1 percent from 1990
shipments of $707.9 million. The 1991 total included
commercial turf and grounds mowing equipment, $558.1
million, a decrease of 2 percent; and other commercial
turf and grounds care equipment, $158.4 million, an
increase of 13 percent.
The dollar value of factory shipments of consumer
lawn, garden, and snow equipment, including parts, was
$4,109.9 million in 1991, virtually unchanged from 1990
shipments of $4,101.8 million. The 1991 total included
consumer nonriding lawn, garden, and snow equipment
and parts, $2,030.5 million, an increase of 3 percent; and
consumer riding lawn, garden, and snow equipment and
parts, $2,079.4 million, a decrease of 2 percent.
A description of the survey methodology and related
information appears on page 14.
Table 1. VALUE OF SHIPMENTS OF FARM MACHINERY AND LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT, BY TYPE OF MACHINERY OP. EQUIPMENT: 1982 TO 1991
(Millions of current dollars)
Produce description
Wheel cractors faro t
Farm dairy machines, sprayers and duscers, farm
Planting, seeding, and fertilizing machinery
Harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and similar
All other farm machinery and equipment?
Commercial Curf and grounds mowing and care
Consumer lawn, garden, and snow equipment
1991
(D)
450.8
604.6
2 158.0
658.9
119.8
157.3
3,559.2
716.6
4,109.9
1990
(D)
516.0
676.2
2 302.5
875.1
136.0
212.4
4,091.1
707.9
r4,!01.8
1989
(D)
478.2
638.2
1 858.8
731. 1
130.8
207.8
3,586.6
633.9
3.708.5
1988
(D)
434.8
508.6
1,422.8
574.6
117.7
136.9
3.002.8
595.0
3.937.0
1987
958.6
364.7
409.1
1282.3
433.7
74.6
99.9
1,186.5
514.6
3,979.9
1986
893.4
371.7
371.2
1,230.1
383.4
75.3
99.2
933.1
412.8
3,385.8
1985
1 443.2
403.6
453.3
1,190.8
498.1
111.0
166.0
1 ,051.9
3/6.7
3.155.1
1984
2 045.3
428.2
601.1
1,424.6
611.6
152.5
369.7
1,204.3
333.8
2,978.1
1983
1, 720. 7
417.2
447.5
1 .478.8
541 .9
129.7
34 1 .0
1 . 1 3 5 . 9
26). :
2.475.1
; 'M2
2 ! 1 i . 'j
I -. ! . 0
t> M . 1
?.•!•>". 6
•>.'..!
! -i 1 . 'i
1. .' ':
t . .' ' . ')
.')'.-'
.'..•-. 1
(D) Daca withheld to avoid disclosing figures of individual companies.
.Each type of farm machinery includes parts and attachments.
Includes irrigation systems, and for years 1988 through 1991 wheel tra
Revised by 5 percent or more from previously published
farm type.
Address inquiries concerning these figures to U.S. Department ol Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Industry Division Washington 0 C .'0; 11
or call Donald Burgess, 301-763-7492.
For sate by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, O.C. 20402.
D-16
-------
Table 2. VALOE Of KAWFACTOU1S' SBinWTS OF fAIM KACHIKKIY AND LAMM AMD CAUU EQUIPMENT. VI PRODUCT CROOP: 1987 TO 1991
(Thoouad* of dolUn)
Product group and year
1991
1989
1988
1987
Total far* machinery:
1903
Uh««L tractors, farm type:
1991
1989
1988 .
Farm dairy oachlnes and equipment:
1987 .
Sprayer* and duster*:
1 990
machinery:
1987
Harvesting machinery:
1990
1987 .
1991
1990
1987 ..
equipment :
Cultivators and welders:
Total
12 535 087
13 618 986
11,973,918
10,730,213
9 303 973
8 425 140
9 si7 158
8 265 407
6 793 254
5 324 024
<*>
(t)
(1)
(1)
958,597
69,832
110 563
HI 489
95 492
76 584
299,213
335 132
304 311
274 994
214 484
61,764
70 314
62 397
64 342
73 648
604 600
676 159
SOS 566
(09 082
2 [57 966
2 302 510
I 858 777
1 422 751
1 282 315
658,905
875 104
574 587
433 671
119 7H1
1 JO 754
117 725
157 274
2P 376
^07 834
136 923
201 102
154 471
Complete
units
(NA)
(NA)
9,939,340
8.580,321
7,341 148
(HA)
(NA)
6 764 779
5 297 325
4 037,691
(O
(1)
(1)
(1)
742.454
(D)
(D)
43 105
36 963
30 263
231,831
258 533
229 610
195 548
153 196
47,837
57,946
48 214
49 499
61 901
457 248
526 360
497 347
372 356
299 468
1 764 271
1,899,462
1 518 259
1 057 910
960 326
(D)
697,321
581 999
437 643
309,861
83 652
96 847
81 025
129 796
18& 720
181 140
112 960
75 33*
133 252
125 952
88 150
53 7 t>ti
Attach-
ments a ad
parts
(NA)
(NA)
2,034.578
2,149,892
1.962 825
(NA)
(NA)
1 500 628
1 495 929
1,286 333
213,206
C257 994
201 815
227 860
216 143
(D)
(D)
68 384
58 529
46 321
67,382
76 599
74 701
79 446
61 288
13,927
12 368
14 183
14 843
1 1 747
147 352
149 799
109 614
393 695
4Q3 048
340 518
364 841
321 989
(D)
177 783
136 944
123 610
36 129
35 907
36 700
">2 237
27 478
""7 056
26 688
23 963
r' >. n >
'5 210
(16 321
Product group and year
St Ik n dde nd
. CUt * * ° *"*
• 1989
1987
Ha chines for preparing crops for market
1991
1990 . . . ....
1989. .
1988
1987
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1991
1990
1987
1991
1990
1989
1988. . ..
1987
1991
1990 ...
1988
1987
1991 .
1990
1988
1987
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987 f
1991
1989
1988
1987
1991
1989
198H
snow fquiiment :
1990
19«y
1988
1987 '. . .
Consumer rid In,', l^wn, ^ardeii, .»:id sru-w
i«qu i |"n«?nt :
1989
19*8 •
19«;
Total
170 002
188 769
194 099
197 576
161 462
207 521
193 380
197 124
161 832
144 149
116 763
82 542
78 788
68 131
75 717
66 415
190 880
204 062
181 914
214 133
164 142
' 2*603*246
* 2 189*999
* 1 725*202
$149 '2 17
350 421
298 307
558 116
568 096
494 313
473 509
416 240
158 441
139 842
139 598
121 535
98 3^6
4. 109 947
r4 [01 828
3 708 511
3.936 959
3 979 949
2 030 503
ri 97i 982
1 ,BA3 «47
I .993.863
1 911 603'
I . 4r»i h'.i
Complcta
units
160 158
131 557
116 670
66 753
57 706
155 440
164 775
131 329
128 415
274 518
247 839
42 1 72")
390 76<»
362 31**
331 115
129 3lh
116 I'M
99 JM
80 •*»»!
3 i9 1 4 '•»
ri •>:.) -,.,-
3 1/4 V, .
] M.' *•*•.
3 JO 1 t*-1
ri'-,V. •
,-,;..-..
1 : : ;
i ; i •. •
27 479
8 964
35 440
32813
. i l H|
i • • .49
, ' \ S<-i
.
• "i
i \
• • . -,
« . }
.. ,
, ,
(U) Data
flgur«*.
lttiheld Co avoid disclosing
for Individual
(S'A) Sot. available.
(it or oore (rom
Uheel tractors, farm typ«. are Included with farm u-^uns and othvr
Includes operator cabs In the attachocnts and parts for this Itee.
D-17
-------
Table 3. MANUFACTURERS' SHIPMENTS OF FARM MACHINERY AND LAMM AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT. BY TYPE: 1991
(Quantity In unit*; value In thousand* of dollan)
AND 1990
Product
code
Product description
Number
of co»-
paniea
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Value
35231 —
Wheel tractors, farm type (except contractors' off-highway
wheel tractors, garden tractors, turf tractors, and motor
tillers) and attachments
Wheel tractors, farm type (power take off hp)
2-wheel drive (including front wheel assist types)**-**** ••
35231 10 Under 100 PTO hp (under 75 PTO kW)
35231 12 100-159 PTO hp (75-119 PTO kW)
35231 U 160 PTO hp and over (120 PTO kW and over)
35231 30 4-wheel drive (Including tractors with equal size tires, front
and rear)
35231 87 Attachments for wheel tractors, farm type
35239 26 Parts for wheel tractors, farm type
35232 — Farm dairy machines, sprayers, dusters, elevators, and farm
blowers*
35232 pt. Farm dairy machines and equipment*
Mechanical Installations:
35232 03 .Vacuum pumping outfits for milking machines with or without
motors and/or reserve tanks ..*.
35232 04 Milking machines, complete, suspended and floor type bucket,
single and double units.*
35232 08 Pipeline milking units, complete, Including claws, shells,
inflations, air tubes, with or without pulsator
35232 11 Cream separators
35232 12 Other farm dairy machines and equipment
35232 16 Attachments for faro dairy machines and equipment
35239 30 Parts for farm dairy.machines and equipment, replacement units ,
only
35232 pt. Sprayers and dusters
Power sprayers, field and row crop types only:
35232 19 Self-propelled
35232 30 Tractor mounted
Other than tractor mounted:
Piston pump type:
35232 40 ?ower take-off driven
35232 44 Engine driven
35232 45 Nonpiston pump type.....
35232 46' Other power sprayers, over 4 g.p.m
Power sprayers, other than row crop and field types, over 4 g.p.m.:
35232 47 Power take-off driven
35232 49 Engine driven
35232 50 Air carried type power sprayers (field, row crop, and orchard
types)
35232 51 Foggers and mist sprayers portable
35232 58 Hand pulled and gardtm type 4 g.p.o. and under
Sprayers, agricultural hand:
35232 59 Under 1 gallon
I gallon and over:
35232 61 Compressed air or gas
35232 62 Other, including knapsack, hose end and flame sprayers and
sprayer pumps.
35232 67 Ousters, power, hand, all types
35232 68 All other sprayers
35232 69 Attachments for sprayers and dusters
35239 35 Parts for sprayers and dusters, replacement units only
See footnotes at end of cable.
14
(NA)
6
5
3
3
(NA)
15
6
3
7
13
29
12
16
15
6
5
9
7
12
18
42
(X)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(0)
(D)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(D)
310
25,618
(X)
(X)
2,099
"9,075
"439
h (D)
bl,931
(D)
1,391
2,995
1,943
b27,905
b22,701
523,517
4,166,804
3.807,901
95,281
(X)
(X)
(X)
(D)
(D)
(0)
(D)
(D)
(D)
5,611
207,595
361,815
69,450
(D)
a48
S14.721
19,766 14,768
(X) ' (D)
20,382
a240,709
98,982
12,163
1,972
h (D)
b4.962
(D)
4,064
6,195
7,169
b9,435
b6.442
2,808
60,709
6,063
971
3,384
8,878
58,504
(X)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
5,917
(D)
36,666
"22,565
(X)
(X)
(X)
2,781
11,144
1,224
(D)
1,783
(D)
2,225
3,816
1,766
r26,654
25,253
r535,398
3.871,680
1,182,536
86,717
(X)
(X)
(X)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
10,747
247,247
418,559
88,232
8,372
(D)
"l9,620
17,609
(D)
22,331
270,228
129,477
13.718
4,153
a (D)
3,646
CD)
4.683
6.215
6,630
8,001
D-18
-------
Table 3. MANUFACTURERS* SHIPMENTS OF FARM MACHINERY AND LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT. BY TYPE: 1991 AMD 1990—Continued
• (Quantity in units; value in thousands of dollars)
Product
code
Product description
Nuaher
of com-
panies
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Value
35232 pt. Farm elevators and blowers 44
Farm elevators* portable:
35232 70 Single and double chain IS
3S232 72 Auger type 15
35232 73 Other faro portable and stationary augers and elevators 16
35232 74 Other farm blowers, including forage blowers, combination grain
and forage blowers • 9
35232 75 Attachments for farm elevators and blowers 11
35239 40 Parts for farm elevators and for grain and forage blowers,
replacement units only 25
35233 — Planting, seeding, and fertilizing machinery 126
Corn planters, corn and cotton planters, and lister planters:
35233 20 Pull type 8
35233 22 Mounted planters (total rows mounted) * 5
35233 24 Grain drills (fixed frame) all types 10
35233 40 Transplanters (pull type or mounted) and broadcast seeders (end-
gate, mounted and drawn) - 11
Fertilizer distributors, pull type or mounted:
35233 50 Dry, including lime spreaders 31
35233 58 Liquid 9
35233 59 Anhydrous ammonia - 6
35233 61 Manure spreaders, rear discharge „ „., 18
35233 65 Manure spreaders, side discharge. 9
35233 69 Manure pumps, liquid 11
35233 73 Front and rear tractor mounted loaders (farm type), manure and
general utility (except beet and sugar cane loaders) 15
35233 77 Row crop unit planters (quantity In rows) 10
35233 79- Other planting, seeding, and fertilising machinery 33
35233 84 Attachments for planting, seeding, and fertilizing machinery 28
35239 71 Parts for planting, seeding, and fertilizing machinery,
replacement units, only * 79
35235 — Harvesting machinery 67
35235 11 Combines (harvester-threshers), grain types only (self-propelled
and pull type) 8
35235 21 Small grain header for combines, all sizes 6
35235 31 Ccrn heads, all sizes 6
35235 41 Other grain type combines 9
Field forage harvesters:
35235 63 Shear bar, self-propelled type and pull type (basic machines)
Attachments for shear bar type forage harvester:
35235 64 Pickup hay unit and cutter bar hay unit * 7
35235 65 Row crop unit, all sizes 5
35235 70 Flail type (horizontal knives or vertical free-swinging knives or
hammers), including discharge spouts 4
35235 78 Cotton strippers and pickers (all types)..... 3
35235 79 Other harvesting machinery, including potato diggers, cane
harvesting equipment, plcker-shellers, and field shelling
attachments for corn pickers 40
35235 83 Attachments.for harvesting machinery (Including platform and
seeder, reel, straw spreaders, load levelers, ueed stripper, grate
unit, knife grinders, and stalk walkers)
35239 50 Parts for harvesting machinery, replacement units only 49
35236 — Haying machinery 39
35236 1 j Mowers , cutter bar type 5
35236 23 Mower-conditioners and wlndrowcrs with conditioner auger and draper
type (pull type and self-propelled) 0
35236 31 Rakes, side delivery, cylinder type and finger wheel type 11
35236 55 Hay balers, hat stackers, hay bale loaders (field type), bale
throwing attachments
36236 82 Other haying machinery
35236 83 Other attachments for haying machinery (stripper, bale chute, and
knife attachments) j 9
35239 55 Parts for haying machinery, replacement units only | 2**
See footnotes ac end of table.
(X)
2,95*
15.722
6.687
2,668
(X)
(X)
(X)
45,129
10,473
40,878
5,586
3,812
6,613
2,949
"898
"l5,343
"24,903
366,837
(X)
(X)
(X)
11,555
11.701
5,268
al,865
3.192
(X)
(X)
612
(D)
5.905
(X)
(X)
(X)
5,70S
15.468
8,718
25.316
2i,20'>
(XI
(X)
51.6S6
4,870
20,675
14,570
7,722
3,819
10,108
495,120
132,954
106,712
8,518
26,478
13,622
31,349
19,089
«3,315
839 ,"l 11
a15,511
60,189
37,872
109,480
1,834,072
1,064,358
111,583
87,658
"31.267
93,114
4,128
(D)
1,352
(D)
109,000
69,801
523,894
515.455
17.510
166,046
27,126
293.502
31.051
123,450
(X)
3,415
21,180
r7,585
2,867
(X)
(X)
(X)
58,408
13,000
41,528
5,854
3,859
9.576
3,402
^687
18,445
"29,503
283,604
(X)
(X)
(X)
14,629
18,168
6,405
1,932
4.631
(X)
(X)
784
(D)
5,511
(X)
(X)
(X)
9,815
19.491
12.251
40,934
21,925
(X)
(X)
60,099
6,999
24,962
17,396
8,589
2,153
10,215
568,837
169,298
121,643
8,098
28,271
r!2,416
44,303
r!9.747
"•2,946
44,961
b!4,696
59,981
42,477
,216,893
162,473
100,244
30,813
103,764
(D)
(D)
1,189
(D)
?.761
90.597
311.451
217 .330
32.481
13.961
30. )•)«
D-19
-------
Table 3. MANUFACTuHSBS' SHIPMENTS OF FARM MACHINERY AMD LAMM AMD GARDES EQUIPMENT, BY TYPE: 1991 AND 1990—Continued
(Quantity la unit*; value In thouaands of dollars)
Produce
code
Product description
Number
of COB-
panlea
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Value
3S23C — Pious, harrowa, rollers, pulverizers, cultivators, and
weedera
3523C pt. Plowa (primary tillage equipment)
3523C 02 Moldboard plows (pull, nounted, seel-counted, 1-vay and 2-way)
3523C IS Subaoilers. deep tillage
3523C 17 Terracing and ditching plows
Chisel plows, deep tillage (chisel or sweep type):
3523C 19 Pull type
3523C 21 Mounted
3523C 23 Disc-chisel combination
3523C 25 Other plows, except snow plows
3S23C 27 Mlddlebusters and disc bedders
3523C 29 Attachments for plows (coulters, jointers, root cutters,
subsollers, fertilizer distributors, etc.). excluding lister
planting attachments...
3523C 31 Plowshares (quantity in thousands of pounds)..
35239 60 Parts for plows except plowshares, replacement units only..........
3S23C pt. Harrows, rollers, pulverizers and similar equipment
(secondary tillage)
3523C 41 Spike-tooth harrow sections and spring-tooth and tine-tooth harrow
sections.
3S23C 43 Power harrows
3523C 44 Disc harrows (single, tandem and offset)
3523C S3 Combination tillage equipment, roller/harrows, disc or coulter/
field cultivators, disc or coulter/spring tooth.
3523C S4 Blade terracers or scrapers, farm size.....
3523C 59 Land levelers
3523C 61 Other harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and similar equipment...
3523C 63 Attachments for harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and similar
equipment
35239 45 Parts for harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and similar equipment,
replacement units only
3523C pt. Cultivators and weeders.....'.
3523C 70 Corn and cotton type cultivators, shank and sweep type (front and
rear mounted)
3523C 80 Rotary cultivators, ground and power driven.....
3523C 90 Field cultivators
3523C 94 Other cultivators and weeders, including tool bars (basic units)...
3523C 98 Attachments for cultivators and weeders (front mounting frame, disc
weeders, rear section, and drawbars)..... —
35239 65 Parts for cultivators and weeders, replacement units only
3523E — All other farm machinery and equipment, except parts
3523£ pt. Stalk shredders and cutters or rotary mowers (PTO)......
3523E 01 Flail type, without spout
Horizontal blade type:
3523E 05 66 Inches cutting width and under
3523E 07 Over 66 Inches up to 100 Inches cutting width
3523E 09 Over 100 Inches cutting width
35239 85 Parts for stalk shredders, and cutters or rotary mowers (PTO),
replacement units only.....
See footnotes at end of table.
(NA>
65
9
26
10
14
13
9
5
11
24
9
25
84
26
26
28
32
10
24
16
41
62
29
11
18
23
30
38
(NA)
35
15
23
18
12
(X)
(X)
1,382
1,999
283
1,326
2,087
3,021
2,114
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
20,435
11,367
6,022
25,556
1,087
4,923
(X)
(X)
(X)
10,580
4,116
3,829
5,122
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
3,457
55,478
25,715
*10,116
(X)
353,461
93.802
5,038
8,787
432
12,410
15,040
30.470
2,235
10,150
«9,240
25,979
135,033
7,188
56,381
41,485
9,329
1,400
14,013
"5,237
22,241
124,626
41,644
12,383
31,957
5,286
33,356
41,959
2,936,908
ai34,439
14,141
29,3*5
34,677
56,276
35,563
(X)
(X)
2,665
2,516
391
2,278
1.947
3.573
2,331
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
27,340
riS,339
r7,754
r29,714
1,336
7,357
(X)
(X)
(X)
15,449
4,335
r7,255
4,669
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
4,591
67,568
27,117
11.612
(X)
485,961
115,718
10,844
10,433
655
24,902
r!3,207
33,981
2,823
9,422
9,451
20,254
191,384
9,822
76,487
64.036
12,277
1,113
20,985
6,664
20,992
178,859
53.03V
14.261
40.0.11
151, )?t>
)">. I'1*
3?.o: i
61 . 1M
D-20
-------
T«bl« 3. KAKUFACnntElS' SHIPMENTS OF FAIN HACHINUT AMD LAMM AND GAIDEM EQUIPMENT, ft TYPE: 1991 AND 1990—Continued
(Quantity la unit*; value In thousand* of dollare)
Product
code
Product description
Number
of com-
panies
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Value
3S23E pt. Machines for preparing crop* for market or for uae
3523E 11 feed grindera and crushers, power
3S23E 13 Feed mixers, far* alte, atatlonary and portable
3S23E 14 Combination grinder-mixers
Dryers (grain, hay, and aeed):
3S23E 07 Heated air crop dryeri
3S23E 09 Crop drying fans (over 15,000 c.f.m. at approximately 1-lnch
pressure).....•.•••.••••••••••••••-•••.•••••• ............
3S23E 23 Other machlnea for preparing cropa for market or for use.•*..••.-.-
3S23E 24 Attachments for machine) for preparing crops for market or for use.
3S239 70 Parts for machlnea for preparing crops for market or for use,
replacement units only
3523E pt. Farm poultry equipment
3523E 31 Incubators, quantity represents egg capacity In thousands
3S23E 33 Brooders, floor and hanging (gas, eletrlc, oil, coal, and wood)....
3S23E 35 Brooders, battery (starting and growing), quantity In number of
decks r
3523E 36 Nests and cages
3S23E 39 Poultry feeders, except turkey feeders (trough, hanging, and
mechanical)
3S23E 43 Poultry waterers, except turkey waterers
3523E 48 Other farm poultry equipment. Including turkey waterers, mechanized
egg graders, and egg washers
3S23E 49 Attachments for farm poultry equipment....
35239 75 Parts for farm poultry equipment, replacement units only •
3523E pt. Hog equipment
3523E 50 Feeding equipment
3523E 55 Handling equipment
3523E 59 Watering equipment
3523E 61 Other hog equipment
3523E 62 Attachments for hog equipment
35239 88 Parts for hog equipment, replacement units only
3523E pt. Other barn and barnyard equipment.
3523E 63 Silo and grain bin unloaders, forage and grain Including sealed
storage unloaders (faro type)...
Cattle and dairy barn equipment:
3523E 64 Feeding equipment
3523E 71 Handling equipment
3523E 79 Water equipment —
3523E 85 Other barn and barnyard equipment.
3523E 86 Attachments for barn and barnyard equipment
35239 80 Parts for barn and barnyard equipment, replacement units only
See footnotes at end of table.
91
17
22
9
20
12
45
16
54
42
7
2
5
10
14
23
13
18
47
26
16
23
28
12
17
98
38
32
54
21
31
(X)
2,000
3,673
2,589
5,165
5,036
42,239
(X)
(X)
(X)
(D)
L 80,230
1,789,056
.11,428,465
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
271,915
700,024
837,738
367,777
(X)
(X)
19.227
156,184
1.150,617
434,285
910,504
(X)
(X) i
180,709
15,386
37,259
21,882
26,217
2,705
69,698
7,562
23,893
171.804
21,008
10,781
21,158
58,964
44,639
15,254
"21.576
76.150
30,402
16,668
11,719
15,079
2,282
6,392
159.493
28,798
21,580
31,274
21,781
(X)
r2,211
3,891
3,039
7.411
10,970
r40.580
(X)
(X)
(X)
(D)
121,814
1,759,527
12,026,132
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
273,049
467.540
687,313
r335,250
(X)
(X)
(X)
18,490
116,788
893,215
473,652
52,007 ] 954,832
4,053 I (X)
"31.387 I (X)
205,242
rl5.353
42,586
23,880
39,169
5,710
70,812
'7,732
25,567
178,262
23,237
10,838
21,669
66,906
40,897
14,715
*18,862
73,920
32,826
13,631
9,507
12,741
5,215
4,868
169,912
35,877
20,147
30,511
22.627
55,613
5,137
"34,150
D-21
-------
Table 3. MANUFACTOKEIS' SHIPMENTS OF FARM MACaiNEKY AMD LAI* AMD GARDEN EQUIPMENT. IT TTFE: 1991 AND 1990—Continued
(Quantity In units; value In thousands of dollan)
code
3S23E pt
3523E 88
3S23E 90
3523E 91
3S23E 92
3523E 94
3S23E 95
3S23E 96
35239 84
3523E pt
3523E 98
3523E 99
35239 82
35239 90
35239 95
3523F —
3523F pt.
3523F 01
3523F 03
3523F 07
3523F 09
3523F 11
3523F 13
3523F 17
3523F 19
3523F pt.
3523F 21
3523F 23
3523F 27
3523F 29
3523F 31
3523F 33
3523F 35
3523F 37
3523F 41
3523F 43
3524
35241
35241 01
35241 11
35241 12
35241 15
35241 20
35241 30
35241 41
5241 42
15241 50
35241 54
35241 55
Wagon* (chassis only) and trailer gears, excluding motor truck*:
Boxes and racks Cor mounting on wagons and trailer gears:
Parts for farn transportation equipment, replacement units only....
All other systems using 100 feet flexible hose feeder line
Operator cabs (metal) for farm equipment, shipped separately:
All other Including wlndrowers, combines, power sprayers, etc....
Commercial turf and grounds .care equipment. Including parts
Cang rotary cutting units, reel and rotary, individual sections
Parts for commercial turf and grounds mowing equipment
Attachments for commercial turf and grounds mowing equipment
Other commercial turf and grounds care equipment.....
Irrigation systems, except agricultural and residential....
Parts for other commercial turf and ground care equipment
Attachments for other commercial turf and ground care equipmenc. . . .
Launmowers:
2-vheeL tractors walking type, except rotary tillers
Snow throwers (snow blower), except attachr.ent type:
Powered lawn edgers/t rlmroers:
Other than fixed blades:
Other. Including ulectric
Number
panics
82
35
9
13
22
12
28
18
39
18
12
10
(NA)
5
1
(NA)
38
16
7
21
8
7
8
29
20
40
2
3
14
9
13
3
5
19
19
10
(NA)
52
4
22
23
2
16
2
0
9
1 5
10
5
195
Quantity
(X)
(0)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(X)
(X)
°13 828
b5 552
(X)
(X)
(D)
(D)
(X)
(X)
49 278
15 842
27 970
41,140
b2 633
12 314
"(X)
(X)
(X)
•^
f 210 133
J
10 757
4 940
9 096
) (3>
/ 9,936
(X)
(X)
(X)
17 073 948
4,374,856
1,256,552
\
J 379.908
131 266
7; OK,
\
t 6.S76.0UI
1
Value
'l 939 795
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(0)
(D)
6 473
47,835
a274 518
b41 961
75 903
(2)
(D)
(D)
716 557
5 58 H 6
68 606
128 583
45,233
t>8 226
1 5 721
89l[o47
39,344
158,441
35 687
4 095
12 705
(3)
44,477
22.720
6,335
4 109 947
1 813 195
633,723
324,691
158,152
33 5 P
ajc) 5;,^
.m. 1 1;
199
Quantity
-------
Table 3. MANUFACTUREKS' SHIPMENTS OF FASH MACRIMEU AMD LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT. BT TYPE: 1991 AND 1990—Continued
(Quantity In unlta; value la thousand* of dollars)
Product
code
35241 61
35241 63
35241 64
35241 91
35244
35244 03
35244 07
35244 08
35244 10
35244 11
35244 12
35244 15
35244 17
35244 19
35244 31
35246 00
35246 03
35246 05
35246 11
35246 13
35246 15
35246 17
35246 19
35246 21
35246 23
35246 25
Product description
Consumer nonrlding lawn, garden, and snow equpment — Continued
Lawn sweepers, push type and powered, except attachment type
Lawn tractors and riding mowers, front engine:
Lawn tractors and riding mowers, rear engine:
Garden tractors:
Parts and attachments for consumer lawn, garden, and snow
Nonriding:
Hiding:
Parts:
Attachments:
All * her attachments
Number
of com-
panies
9
17
3
IS
22
7
13
3
12
16
6
7
11
6
4
(NA)
47
26
22
7
14
12
11
6
10
25
1991
Quantity
138,522
1,543,506
}*1,680.434
1,358,053
24.298
956,762
J 70,058
191,426
19,595
13,910
63,089
13.643
5,272
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Value
73,230
91,351
"79,844
1.680,781
24,192
1.013,660
79,156
221,801
44,189
35.243
183,835
60,901
17,804
615,971
146,857
70,451
199,955
7,278
73,365
7,228
13,295
8,500
6,394
82,648
1990
Quantity
108,556
1,672,609
1,875,231
rl, 453, 013
r29,561
1,012,447
r!08,184
175,704
15,255
12,330
79,828
15.875
3,829
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Value
40,487
106,792
83,182
rl. 744, 830
r29,995
1,034,536
r98,878
187,357
r31,013
35.625
245,732
68,339
13,355
581,323
r!38,466
60,841
r!97,920
8,926
r60,332
r6,428
r!2,878
8,067
5,428
82,037
Note: The percent of estimation of each item is Indicated as follows (see "Description of Survey" for a discussion of estimation of
missing reports: a!0 to 25 percent of this item Is estimated. b25 to 50 percent of this item Is estimated.
- Represents zero. (D) Data withheld to avoid disclosing figures for individual companies. (NA) Not available. pt. Partial.
rRevlsed by 5 percent or more from previously published figures. (X) Not applicable.
Data for product class 35231, wheel tractors, are combined with product class 3523E, farm wagons, and other farm transportation equip-
ment, to avoid disclosing figures for individual companies (except 35231 87, attachments for wheel tractors).
zData fot operator cabs are Included with product code 35239 84, parts for farm transportation equipment, to avoid disclosing figures
for Individual companies.
^Data for product codes 3523F 21, 3523F 23, 3523F 25, and 3523F 33 are combined to avoid disclosing figures
D-23
-------
T«bl« 4. COMPARISON OF VALUES OF SHIPMENTS OF FARM MACHINERY AND LAWN EQUIPMENTS. AS REPORTED IN THE MA35A,
THE 1987 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES. AND THE 1990 ANNUAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURES
(Value In thousands of dollars)
Produce
code
3523
35231
35232
35233
35235
35236
3523C
3523E
35239
35239 pt.
35239 pt.
35239 pt.
3523F
35230 00
35230 02
3524
35241
35244
35246
35240 00
35240 02
Product description
hi T
Plows, harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and cultivators and weeders...
Pares for farm machinery and equipment, for sale separately
Commercial turf and grounds care equipment, including Bowing
Faro machinery and equipment n.s.k., typically for establishments
Farm machinery and equipment n.s.k., typically for establishments
C r rldinu la e'rde a' t s w eaul^menT
Parts and attachments for consumer lawn, garden and snow equipment..
Lawn and garden equipment n.s.k., typically for establishments
Lawn and garden equipment n.s.k., typically for establishments
1990
MA3SA
(X)
(2)
418.6
568.8
1,990.1
727.7
486.0
3,381.7
(NA)
247.2
(NA)
(NA)
707.9
| («>
4,101.8
1,775.7
1,744.8
581.3
},,
Annual Survey
of Manufactures
Value
10,871.4
(D)
352.8
585.0
1,969.5
730.7
462.8
(D)
1,652.8
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
726.0
917.3
4,342.9
1,864.0
1,746.5
599.8
132.6
Standard
error of
estimates'
2
(X)
5
6
2
2
12
(X)
4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
6
2
1
1
1
3
1
1987
MA35A
(X)
745.8
278.9
321.8
1.017.2
326.0
199.5
938.4
(NA)
212.8
(NA)
4.6
514.6
(«>
3,979.9
1,716.8
1,586.6
675.5
(«)
Census of
Manufactures
6,384.7
751.2
263.8
313.2
1,014.8
326.6
189.6
909.9
1,282.5
218.3
1,019.3
4.5
516.9
f 340.1
V 476.1
4,061.0
1,697.0
1,567.4
699.5
( 26.7
I 70.5
Note: Effective wlch 1979 annual
ed to the 1987 Census of Manufact
jpment (original equipment). The
iose products not specified by ki
the 1987 Census of Manufactures
stimated from administrative records
roducts not adequately identified by
Product class totals in this table
ables 1 and 2 include the value of p
lass 35239.
reports (annual summaries for monthly and quarterly series) most Current Industrial Reports are being bench-
ures. However, this was not possible for CIR HA35A since It excludes parts sold to plants producing farm
lawn and garden Industry 3524 was added to the survey In 1979. It Is not possible to determine what pore ion
nd in the census (product codes 35230 00 and 35230 02) are covered by the survey.
shipments data for establishments of small companies, typically those with fewer than five employees, were
data rather than collected on census questionnaires. These shipments are Included in product code 35230 02.
detail product were coded in some cases to the appropriate industry (four-digits) followed by "000."
Ho not agree with comparable values in tables 1 and 2. This results from the fact that the values in
arts in the comparable product class total. In this table, all Industry 3523 parts are collected in produce
CIR MA35A does not include part of product class 35239, parts for faro machinery and equipment sold to plants producing farm machinery. Also.
product class 3523F was not included prior to 1979.
(NA) Not available.
n.s.k. Not specified by kind.
(D) Data withheld to avoid disclosing figures for individual companies.
pt. Part. (X) Not applicable.
The annual survey of manufactures percentage standard errors shown are the approximate relative errors ot the estimates of level. A more
detailed description cf the standard error of estimate is given in the Introduction of the annual survey of manufactures, Value of Product '
Shipmentj, M90(AS)-2, under "Qualifications of the Data."
*DaFa~for wheel tractors and attachments (product class 35231) are combined with all other farm machinery and equipment (product class 3523E)
to avoid disclosing figures for individual companies.
^Data collected in the 1987 Census of Manufacture* include operator cabs whether shipped to original equlpoent manufacturers or to others. Th
MA35A excludes products shipped to original equipment 'manufacturers.
^Available only from the annual survey of manufactures and census of manufactures. Most of these data are derived from administrative record*.
D-24
-------
Table 5. SHIPMENTS, EXPORTS, AND IMPORTS OF FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT: 1991
(Quantity In units; value In thousands of dollars)
a
K)
Product description
Farm dairy mechanical Installations, Including milking
d 11
fertilizer distributers, pull-type or mounted
Other harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and similar
Dls harrows
May mowers, aower-condl t ioners and windrowera
. 1° i dl Ik bal
Nest* and cages (poultry equipments)
Sf 1 1 -p rope 1 led Irrigation systems, center-pivot
All other self-propelled Irrigation systems using 100
(eet flexible hose feeder line and over
farm wagons and other faro transportation equipment...
. . h
"l *
pn° d \'" a i"d° ^
shipments
Quantity
(D)
(D)
(X)
121,383
18,960
58,023
11,367
11,555
(D)
3,804
115,942
32,943
25,336
1,382
10,830
23,647
8,262
52,440
(X)
1,789,056
(X)
8,276
5,552
(D)
61.592
43,812
43,773
6,873.952
208.282
7,491,888
Value
(D)
(D)
231,831
263,695
90,938
73,415
56,381
1,064,358
(D)
96,466
318,015
(D)
293,502
5,038
69,374
91,270
74,527
98,620
31,789
21,158
332,911
232,557
41,961
(D)
84,327
289,939
53, '.59
2,297,223
87,341
36'. ,063
Exports of j
domestic merchandise
Quantity
19,789
1,564
208
(X)
7,522
10,662
5,493
1,102
3,631
3,111
1,508
53,592
2,685
5,830
223
4.127
(NA)
5.992
4,512
19.290
72.566
21,246
2,667
(X)
(NA)
10,298
1,160
537,608
12,227
829,311
Value
434,073
12,655
1,996
89,431
29,108
21,551
6,731
5,065
181,407
42,826
32,430
68,749
23,011
58,652
851
9,767
22,807
31,932
16,321
14,177
(NA)
54,740
48,494
(NA)
33,484
35,460
7,425
296,292
8,854
42,924
Estimated
producers'
value*
338,143
9,858
1,555
69,667
22,675
16,788
5,243
3,946
141,316
33,361
25,263
53,555
17,926
45,690
663
7,608
17,767
24,875
12,714
11,044
(NA)
42,642
37,777
(NA)
26,084
27,623
5.784
230,811
6,897
33,438
Percent exports
to manufactur-
ers' shipments
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
6
56
9
10
31
(NA)
40
46
8
23
16
38
(NA)
73
9
(NA)
4
(NA)
. 32
(NA)
(NA)
24
3
8
6
11
Value
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
30
9
18
7
7
13
(MA)
26
17
(NA)
16
13
11
19
33
13
35
(NA)
13
16
(NA)
31
10
11
10
8
9
Imports for
consumption^
Quantity
79,738
8,504
2,429
(X)
14,733
47,397
10,798
44,120
1,719
4,125
312
66,280
9,937
1,115
1,501
33,664
34,755
1,485
25,321
90,924
59,679
231,059
2
16,467,628
5,888
9,069
1,550
373
102,569
22,199
525,720
Value
988,562
269
4,496
19,491
19,267
14,564
3,529
33,699
22,827
26,201
4,377
76,800
14,348
8,492
6,245
14,392
41,207
2,069
2,678
6,871
12,529
15.665
26
13,699
2,297
4,138
4,257
1,001
15,406
13.740
46,227
Apparent
consumption4
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
128,594
55,695
63,328
54,385
9,643
(NA)
2,608
128,630
40,195
20,621
2,660
40,367
(NA)
3,755
73,249
(NA)
1,776,169
(NA)
5,611
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
35,064
42,986
6,438,913
218,254
7,188,297
Value
(NA)
(NA)
(MA)
181,655
260,217
88,714
71,701
86,134
945.869
(NA)
75,580
341,260
(NA)
256,304
10,620
76,158
114,710
51,721
88,584
27,616
(NA)
305,934
194,806
(NA)
(NA)
62,381
266,573
48,676
2,081,818
94,184
377,452
Perc«nt
latports to
apparent
cons tap t Ion
Quantity
(MA)
(MA)
(MA)
(HA)
11
' 85
17
81
IB
(NA)
12
52
25
5
56
83
(MA)
40
35
(NA)
3
(NA)
1
(MA)
(NA)
(NA)
4
1
2
10
7
Value
(NA)
(MA)
(MA)
11
7
16
5
39
2
(MA)
6
23
(MA)
3
59
19
36
4
3
25
(NA)
5
1
(NA)
(NA)
7
2
2
1
15
12
-------
Table 6. SHIPMENTS, EXPORTS, AND IMP:
FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT: 1990
(Quantity in units; value in thousands of dollars)
Cr r cl In ? *
Sprayers and dusters except aerial types
Fertilizer distributers, pull-type or mounted
Hay mowers, mower-condlt loners and windrowers
' P
Self-propelled irrigation systems, center-pivot
All other self-propelled irrigation aystetos using 100
feet flexible hose feeder line and over
f ""
11
l
°
Manuf acturera '
shipments
Quantity
(D)
(D)
(X)
142,439
22,691
73,501
15,339
14,629
(D)
5,415
140,194
34,176
40,934
2,665
13,036
31,708
9,141
r58,961
(X)
1,759,527
(X)
8,104
6,421
(D)
1)4,652
46,099
45,034
6,943.377
270,375
6,122,808
Value
(D)
(D)
258,533
313,735
104,737
11)8,233
76,487
1,216,893
(D)
107,953
398,054
46,448
404,145
10,844
86,001
133,252
81,819
rl!5,691
34,075
21,669
341,283
237,272
45,492
(D)
95,134
292,803
56,262
2,321,057
102,545
309,717
Exports of
domestic merchandise
Quantity
23,986
1,243
477
(X)
10,255
8,281
4,281
1,692
4,581
2,074
1,598
41,010
3,947
8,355
347
3,182
(NA)
3,012
3,075
8,886
32,126
14,711
3,906
(X)
(NA)
15,425
1,349
481,158
10,563
365,680
Value
450,392
9,806
2.043
55.457
35.872
17,671
4,628
6,446
209,157
31,029
29,860
57,845
30,769
72,065
1,611
8,873
22,504
22,906
14,758
12,657
(NA)
52,039
62,916
(NA)
20,817
37,885
7,726
266,286
10,775
14,761
Estimated
producers '
value^
350,855
7,639
1,591
43,201
27,944
13,766
3,605
5,021
162,933
24,172
• 23,261
45,061
23,969
56,139
1,255
6,912
17.531
17,844
11,496
9,860
(NA)
40,538
49,012
(NA)
16,216
29,512
6,019
207,437
8,394
11,499
Percent exports
to manufactur-
ers' shipments
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(X)
7
36
6
11
31
(NA)
30
29
12
20
13
24
(NA)
33
5
(X)
2
(X)
48
(NA)
(NA)
33
3
7
4
6
(X) Not jppllcdble.
sclosing figures Cor individual companies. (NA) Not available.
Exports.
Value
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
17
9
13
3
7
13
(NA)
22
11
52
14
12
8
13
22
10
29
(NA)
12
21
(NA)
17
10
11
9
8
4
Imports for
consumption^
Quantity
103.477
49,137
1,459
(X)
39,426
70,582
14,828
27,423
2,399
4,727
247
77,695
13,074
2,028
1,320
30,122
64,637
49,900
3,385
14,138
45,355
331,745
6
6,776,668
4,394
18,929
1,725
309
166,650
17,496
467,069
Value
1,254,022
448
4,380
26,332
41,010
17,430
7,685
62,083
36,007
28,753
1,942
100,667
14,507
10,803
6,514
19,663
68,107
4,929
3,028
5,112
10,698
23,634
201
7,289
4.504
7,411
4,966
170
45,522
10,570
9,442
Appsre'nt
consumption4
Quantity
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(X)
171,610
84,992
84,048
41,070
12,447
(HA)
4,064
176,879
43,303
34,607
3,638
' 39,976
(NA)
56,029
59,271
(X)
1,772,756
(NA)
4,204
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
32,399
43,994
6,628,869
277,308
6,224,197
. Value
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
241,664
326,801
108,401
mjsn
133,549
1,089,967
(NA)
86,634
453,660
36,986
358,809
16,103
98,752
183,828
68,904
107,223
29,327
(NA)
324,379
188,461
(NA)
(NA)
86,329
268,257
50,413
2,159,142
104,721
307,660
Percent
imports to
apparent
consumption
Quantity
(NA)
(HA)
(HA)
(X)
23
, S3
18
67
19
(HA)
6
44
30
6
36
7J
(NA)
89
6
(X)
3
(NA)
1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
5
1
3
6
a
Value
(HA)
(HA)
(HA)
11
13
16
7
46
3
(NA)
2
22
39
3
40
20
37
7
3
17
(HA)
7
1
(HA)
. (HA)
9
2
1
2
10
3
port numbers , see table 7.
Revised by 5 percent or more from previously published figures*
Th^M; values were derived by use of adjustment factors to exclude freight, insurance, and other charges Incurred in moving goods to the port of export. This adjustment Is made to convert the
values to an approximation of the producers' value of export goods. Current adjustment factors are based on data for 1989 which are published in Exports From Manufacturing Establtshaents. AR89-1,
appendix B. The adjustment factor for this report is 0.7790.
^Source: Bureau of the Census report 1M 145, U.S. Imports for Consumption.
''Apparent consumption is derived by subtracting exports from the total of shipments plus imports*
-------
12
Table 7. COMPARISON OF STAMDARO INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PRODUCT CODES WITH
SCHEDULE B EXPORT NUUERS. AND HTSUSA IMPORT NUMBERS: 19)1
Product
code
35231 10
35231 12
35231 14
35231 30
3523F 21
35244 12
35244 15
35244 17
35244 19
35232 03
35232 04
35232 08
35232 11
35232 19
35232 30
35232 40
35232 44
35232 45
35232 46
35232 47
35232 49
35232 50
35232 51
35232 58
35232 59
35232 61
35232 62
35232 67
35232 68
35233 20
35233 22
35233 24
35233 40
35233 77
35233 50
35233 58
35233 59
35233 61
35233 65
3523C 41
3523C 43
3523C 53
3523C 54
3523C 59
3523C 61
352JC 44
35235 11
35235 21
35235 31
35235 41
35235 78
35235 79
35235 63
35235 70
35236 I)
35236 23
3523E 01
3523E 05
3523E 07
35236 09
35236 31
35236 82
35236 55
1523C 02
Produce
>arm dairy mechanical Instal
machines and vacuua pumping
P 1 r a p
1
1
Vfe rtilizec distributors pul 1
description
Latlons, Including oilking
yp
^Other harrows, rollers, pulverizers, and similar equipment
Bother harv
8
Mtay mowers , oouer-condit loners and wlndrowe rs . . .
Vlther ha akin uchlner
jv y g y
Export
nuaiber'
[ 8701.90.100S
8701.90.1010
8701.90.1015
8701.90.1030
8701.90.1035
8701.90. 1040
•S 8701.90.1045
8701.90.1050
8701.90.1055
8701.90.1060
8701.90.1065
_ 8701. 90.1070
8434.10.0000
8421. 1 L.OOOO
f 8424.81.1000
i_ 8424.81.9030
f 8432.30.0010
l_ 8432.30.0090
8432.40.0000
8432.29.0090
8432.21.0000
r 8433.51.0010
L 8433.51.0090
r 8433;59.0090
k 8433.53.0000
8433.59.0010
f 8432.80.0000
I 84J3.20.0020
\ 8433.20.0040
^ 8433.20.0060
8433.30.0000
84 33.40.0000
8432.10.0020
laport
nuaber^
8701.90.1005
8701.90.1010
8701.90.1015
8701.90.1030
8701.90.1035
8701.90.1040
8701.90.1045
8701.90.1050
8701.90.1055
8701.90.1060
8701.90.1065
8701.90.1070
8434. 10. 0000
8421. 1 1.0000
8424.81.1000
8424.81.9030
8432.30.0010
8432.30.0090
8432.40.0000
8432.29.0090
8432.21.0000
8433.51.0010
8433.51.0090
8433.59.0090
8433.53.0000
8433.59.0010
8432.80.0000
8433.20.0020
8433.20.0040
8433.20.0060
8433.10.0000
B433.40.0000
H4J2.10.0020
See footnotes at end of table.
D-27
-------
13
TabU 7. COMPARISON OF STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PRODUCT CODES WITH
SCHEDULE B EXPORT NUMBERS. AND HTSUSA IMPORT NUMBERS: 1991—CONTINUED
Product
cod*
3523C IS
3523C 17
3523C 19
3523C 21
3523C 23
3523C 25
3523C 27
3523C 70
3523C 80
3523C 90
3523C 94
3523E 11
3523E 13
3523E 14
3523E 07
3523E 09
3523E 23
3523E 31
3523E 33
3523E 35
3S23E 36
3523E 39
3523E 43
3523E 48
3523E 50
3523E 55
3523E 59
3523E 61
3523E 63
3523E 64
3523E 71
3523E 79
3523E 85
3523E 98
3523E 99
3523E 88
3523E 90
3523E 91
3523E 92
3523E 94
3523E 95
3523F 01
3523F 13
3523F 03
3523F 07
3523F 09
3523F 11
35241 01
35241 11
35244 03
35244 07
35244 08
35244 10
35244 11
35241 12
35241 15
35241 41
35241 42
35241 50
15241 54
35241 55
Product description
P
/Other machines for preparing crops for market or for use. .
Nests and cages (poultry equipment)* •••«•• **••*• ..*.*
Self-propelled irrigation systems, center-pivot
All other self-propelled irrigation systems using 100
f eec f lexible hose feeder line and over. . . * • • • .
1
1
rFarm wagons and other farm transportation equipment
J
rOther commercial and turf grounds mowers
•Mowers for lawns, parks, or spores grounds
lowered lawn and hed e trimmers
Export
nuaberl
(8432.10.0040
8432.10.0060
f 8432.29.0040
< 8432.29.0060
I 8432.29.0080
8436.10.0000
f 8419. 31. 0000
\ 8436.80.0060
-8436.21.0000
8436.29.0000
/ 8436.80.0040
X 8436.80.0080
8424.81.9010
8424.81.9020
8716.80.1000
f 8433.19.0040
X 8433.19.0050
/ 8433.19.0010
X 8433.19.0030
8433.19.0020
( 8433.11.0010
8433.11.0020
J 8433.11.0030
1 8433.11.0040
8433.11.0050
1^ 8433.11.0060
f 8430.20.0030
\ 8430.20.0060
f 8467.89.5050
X 850H.80.0070
Import
8432.10.0040
8432.10.0060
8432.29.0040
8432.29.0060
8432.29.0080
8436.10.0000
8419.31.0000
8436.80.0060
8436.21.0000
8436.29.0000
8436.80.0040
8436.80.0080
8424.81.9010
8424.8 1.9020
8716.80.1000
8433.19.0040
8433.19.0050
8433.19.0010
8433.19.0030
8433.19.0020
8433.11.0010
8433.11.0020
8433.11.0030
8433.11.0040
8433.11.0050
8433.11.0060
8430.20.0030
8430.20.0060
8467.89.5030
8508. BO. 0070
Source: 1991 edition, Harmonized Systeo-Based Schedule B, Statistical Classification of
Domestic and Foreign Commodlt ies Exported from tJu^JJnj ted^J>_t_j_t_e_g_.
* Source: Harmonized Tariff Schedule of__t_hg|_JJni_t_e_dI States^ Annotated (1991).
D-28
-------
14
DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY
Scope of Survey. This survey covers firms engaged in
the manufacture of farm machinery and lawn and garden
equipment. Very small firms (generally less than five
employees) for which 1987 Census of Manufactures data
were derived from administrative records of other gov-
ernment agencies are excluded.
Survey Methodology. The statistics in this publication
were collected by mail on Bureau of the Census annual
Form MA35A, Farm Machinery and Lawn and Garden
Equipment. The survey panel includes all known produc-
ers of farm machinery and lawn and garden equipment,
except the very small firms excluded from the scope of
the survey. Approximately 1,200 companies are included.
No estimate is derived for the small firms excluded from
the survey.
Reliability of Data. Survey error may result from several
sources: (1) inability to obtain information about all
cases in the survey; (2) response errors; (3) definitional
difficulties; (4) differences in the interpretation of ques-
tions; (5) mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained;
and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage,
and estimation for missing data. These nonsampling
errors also occur in complete censuses. Although no
direct measurement of the biases due to nonsampling
errors has been obtained, precautionary steps were
taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and
tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their
influence.
A major source of bias in the published estimates is
due to imputing data for nonrespondents, for late report-
ers, and for data which fail logic edits. Missing figures are
imputed based on yearly movements shown by report-
ing firms. Imputation generally is limited to a maximum
of 10 percent for any one data cell. Figures with imputa-
tion rates greater than 10 percent are footnoted.
The imputation rate is not an explicit indicator of the
potential error in published figures due to nonresponse,
because the actual yearly movements for nonrespon-
dents may or may not closely agree with the imputed
movements. The range of difference between the actual
and imputed figures is not precisely known, but is assumed
to be small. The degree of uncertainty regarding the
accuracy of the published data increases as the percent-
age of imputation increases. Figures with imputation
rates above 10 percent should be used with caution.
Revisions to Previous Period Data. Statistics for previ-
ous years may be revised as the result of corrected data
from respondents, late reports for which imputations
were made as described above, or other corrections.
Figures which have been revised by more than 5 percent
from previously published figures are indicated by foot-
notes.
Revisions include changes to prior period data i
ing from reconciliation of the results of this survey
the 1987 Census of Manufactures to correct diffe
in reported data between the two series and to identify
and verify new establishments included in the scope of
this survey. Table 4 presents a comparison of data from
the two series by census product class following the
reconciliation.
Adjustment for Price Chang*. All dollar figures included
in this publication are in current dollars; i.e., they have
not been adjusted for price change.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
Quantity and Value of Shipments. The figures on quan-
tity and value of shipments represent physical shipments
of all products sold, transferred to other establishments
of the same company, or shipped on consignment
whether for domestic or export sale. The value repre-
sents the net sales price, f.o.b. plant to the customer or
branch to which the products are shipped, net of dis-
counts, allowances, freight charges, and returns. Ship-
ments to a company's own branches are assigned the
same value as comparable sales to unaffiliated custom-
ers; i.e., the value includes an appropriate allocation of
company overhead and profit. Products bought a
resold without further manufacture are excluded.
Net Engine Horsepower. Net engine horsepower (NEHP
is defined as net flywheel performance as measured by
the manufacturer, with all standard accessories oper-
ated, and corrected to 29.38 inches Hg and temperature
of 85°.
Lawn Tractors and Riding Mowers. A self-propelled
riding vehicle, generally designed for cutting grass, which
is not capable of pulling a plow.
Garden Tractors. A self-propelled riding vehicle designed
for general-purpose lawn and garden work, which is
capable of pulling a plow. All attachments for garden
tractors are removable.
Turf Tractors. A self-propelled riding vehicle, typified by
a low center of gravity, equipped with wide turf-tread
tires.
Parts for Farm Machinery and Equipment. Parts are
manufactured components essential to the complete-
ness and proper operation of a machine, vehicle, or
apparatus. Parts data include only parts sold for replace-
ment and repair. Parts sold to manufacturers for incor
poration in their own products are excluded.
Attachments for Farm Machinery and Equipment. Attac
ments are supplementary devices designed to be attached
to a vehicle or apparatus that either (1) vary or extend the
function of the unit or (2) add to the convenience of
effectiveness of the basic unit.
D-29
-------
15
COMPARISON OF EXPORT, IMPORT, AND
MESTIC OUTPUT DATA
The trade comparisons shown in this report should be
considered only as approximations. Several problems
prevent precise comparisons among imports, exports,
and domestic output. These problems include the fol-
lowing:
• Export and import comparisons do not account for the
origin of materials used to manufacture the finished
product. Domestic output includes any goods that
undergo substantial transformation into a finished
product in the U.S., even if the goods are partially
constructed abroad or are constructed of imported
materials.
• There will be a lag between the time a producer makes
or ships a product and the time it is actually exported.
Similarly, there may be a lag between the time a
product is imported and when it enters into U.S.
distribution channels.
• The basic structures of these classification systems
differ. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) sys-
tem used for domestic output was developed inde-
pendently of the Harmonized System (HS) used to
Classify imports and exports. The level of detail pro-
ided by the different systems varies substantially,
i effecting their different objectives. For example, there
are a number of imported commodities that have no
comparable domestic output classification.
P
•
• Because producers' shipments of some commodities
may be used as materials for incorporation into other
commodities, combinations of domestic output data
for such commodities may contain some duplication.
• Import and export data reflect the movement of mer-
chandise into and out of U.S. foreign trade zones, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and the U.S. customs territory of
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto
Rico. Domestic output reflects activity in the 50 States
and, only if specified, in Puerto Rico.
• Import and export data generally do not distinguish
between new, used, or rebuilt commodities.
• The valuations of the three data sets differ. Domestic
output is valued at the point of production. It includes
the net sales price, f.o.b. plant, after discounts and
allowances, and excludes freight charges and excise
taxes. Exports are valued at the point of exportation.
port value includes the net sales price or value, and
land freight, insurance and other charges to the
export point. Imports are valued at the first port of
entry in the United States. They include the cost,
insurance, freight, duty, and other charges to the
import point.
tax
*
• Detailed commodity information is not included for
individual export or import shipments at or below a
certain dollar limit This dollar limit is $2,500 for exports
and $1,250 for imports, except for import of textiles
and textile products, gloves, footwear, and miscella-
neous rubber and plastics products, where the limit is
$250.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Data on farm machinery and equipment have been
collected by the Bureau of the Census since 1920; data
on lawn and garden equipment since 1978. Historical
data may be obtained from Current Industrial Reports
(called Facts for Industry before 1959) available at your
local Federal Depository Library. A list of these libraries
may be obtained from the Bureau of the Census regional
offices:
Office
Atlanta, Georgia
Boston, Massachusetts
Charlotte, North Carolina
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Kansas City, Kansas
Van Nuys, California
New York, New York
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Seattle, Washington
Telephone
404-730-3833
617-565-7100
704-344-6142
312-353-6251
214-767-0621
303-967-6750
313-354-4654
913-236-3728
818-904-6339
212-264-4730
215-597-8313
206-728-5314
Historical data are also available on microfiche. For
further information contact the Bureau of the Census,
Data User Services Division, 301-763-4100.
RELATED REPORTS
The Bureau of the Census publishes the following
related reports:
Series Frequency Title
Current Industrial Reports
MA35D Annually
MA35L Annually
MA35P Annually
Other Industry Reports
M3-1
Monthly
Construction Machinery
Internal Combustion Engines
Pumps and Compressors
Manufacturers' Shipments.
Inventories, and Orders
D-30
-------
U.S. Department of Commerce
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Washington. O.C. 20233
Official Business
PwwHy tar Privat* Uw, $300
FIRST-CLASS MAIL
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
CENSUS
PERMIT No. G-58
Series
(AS)
(MC)
Frequency
Annually
Quin-
quennially
Foreign Trade Reports
CD-ROM Monthly/
Annually
FT 447 Annually
CD-ROM Monthly/
Annually
FT 247 Annually
Title
Annual Survey of
Manufactures (ASM)
Census of Manufactures
U.S. Exports—Schedule B—
Commodity by Country
U.S. Imports for
Consumption—HTSUSA—
Commodity by Country
CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS
Subject Area Contact
Current
Industrial
Report MA35A
Manufacturers'
Shipments,
Inventories, and
Orders
Classification
Systems
Comparability
Phone Number
Donald Burgess 301-763-7492
Steve Andrews 301-763-2502
Francis
McCormick
(ESD)
301-763-1935
Subject Area
Foreign Trade
Census/ASM
International
Trade
Administration
To order a
Current Industrial
Report
To subscribe to
Census Bureau
publication
Contact
Trade Data
Inquiries Staff
(FTD)
Tom Lee
Mary Wiening
Superintendent
of Documents
(GPO)
Superintendent
of Documents
(GPO)
Phone Number
301-763-5140
301-763-5752
202-377-4708
202-783-3238
202-512-2303
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared in the Industry Divi-
sion, Bureau of the Census, under the direction of
Thomas Flood, Chief, Current Durables Branch, and
Milbren Thomas, Chief, Metals Section. Donald Burgess
was directly responsible for the review of the data and
preparation of the report. Roger H. Bugenhagen, Acting
Chief of the Division, and Robert N. Tinari, Assistant
Chief for Current Industrial Reports, provided overall
direction and coordination to this project.
D-31
-------
CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS*
U.S. Department of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Administration
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Pumps and Compressors
1991
MA35P(91)-1
Issued November 1992
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
In 1991, manufacturers' shipments of pumps and
compressors totaled $5,169.1 million, an increase of 7
percent from the 1990 figure of $4,797.4 million. The
1991 total includes industrial pumps, $2,284.5 million, an
increase of 7 percent from the 1990 total of $2,131.2
million; compressors and vacuum pumps, $2,018.6
million, an increase of 9 percent from the 1990 total of
$1,839.1 million; domestic water systems, $275.1 mil-
lion, an increase of 4 percent from the 1990 total of
$263.6 million; and other pumps, $590.9 million, an
increase of 4 percent from the 1990 total of $563.4
million.
A description of the survey methodology and related
information appears on page 9.
Table 1. VALUE OF SHIPMENTS OF PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. BY CLASS OF PRODUCT: 1983 TO 1991
(In millions of dollars)
Produce
code
3561 ft.
3563 pc.
35611
35617,8
35613
35615 pc.
35631
Produce description
> • Pumps and compressors
Hydraulic fluid power pumps and
Oil well, oilfield, and ocher pumps
Compressors and vacuum pumps 2
1991
5,169.0
2 284.5
(2)
275.1
590.8
2,018.6
1990
4,797.3
2 131.2
(2)
263.6
563.4
1,839.1
1989
4,472.8
2 023.9
(2)
273.8
488.2
1,686.8
1988
4,130.7
1 795 0
(2)
307.6
496.0
1,532.2
1987
3,655.1
1 677.4
(2)
268.9
428.7
1,280.0
1986
4,505.7
1 632 3
881.6
272-0
451.7
1,268.1
1985
4,919.4
1 724 2
861.0
250.6
627.4
1,456.2
1984
5,006.2
1 753 3
852 4
264.8
673. 1
1,462.6
1983
4,597.0
1 7490
684 3
237.1
639. 3
1,287.3
pt. Pare.
Excludes hand pumps, automotive circulating pumps, compressors for icemaking and refrigeration equipment, air-conditioning units.
measuring and dispensing pumps, paint spraying equipment, hydraulic fluid power pumps for passenger automobile pover steering units, and
replacement and repair parts for pumps and compressors.
2Beginntng in 1987, product codes 35617 and 35618 changed to 35941.
Address inquiries concerning these figures to U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, Washington DC ?0 J 31
or call Lynn Jedrey. 301-763-5547.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
-------
T«bl« 2.
COMPABISOH Or VALUES Of SHIPMENTS OF PUMPS AMD COMFUSSOIS. AS REPORTED IM THE MA35P,
THE 1987 ceasaa or MAMWACTDIES AND THE 1990 AHHUAL sumt OF MAMUFACTORES
(Value In thousand* of dollar*)
Product
code.
3561
35611
35613
35615
356162
35610 00
35610 02
3563
3S631
3S631 30
35631 20
35631 00
35632
35635
35630 00
35630 02
Produce description
., p.»P
Parts and attachments (or pumps and pumping equipment, except
Pumps and pumping equipment not specified by kind, typically
Pumps and pumping equipment not specified by kind, typically
Air and gas compressors, except refrigeration compressors, and
p p
a gas op o
" " .
Parts and attachments for air and gas compressors, except
Air and gas compressors, not specified by kind, typically for
Air and gas compressors, not specified by kind, typically for
esta s ents t p y
1990
HA35P
W
2,131.2
263.6
563.8
(3)
} •
(X)
1,839.1
1,369.3
U2.7
(X)
(3)
(3)
} '"
Annual Survey
of Manufactures
Value
4,220.8
2.092.8
294.7
528.1
1,119.3
185.7
3,548.4
1,743.8
(NA)
(NA)
(X)
831.9
882.5
9.01
Standard
error of
estimates'
3
3
11
7
4
6
2
3
(NA)
(NA)
(X)
6
3
1
1987
MA3SP
(X)
1,677.4
268.9
428.7
(3)
(3)
(X)
1,280.0
1,119.0
117.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
<3>
Census of
Manufactures
3,447.8
1,659.8
276.9
446.9
875.3
f 108.5
I. 80.3
2,600.1
1,259.8
1.070.9
124.0
64.8
538.5
669.1
{113.5
(
Note; In che 1987 Census of Manufactures, shipments data for establishments of small coopanlea, typically those with fewer than five
employees, were estimated from administrative records data rather than collected on census questionnaires. These shipments are included in
product codes 35610 02 and 35630 02. Products not adequately Identified by detail product were coded in some cases to the appropriate
industry (four-digits) followed by "000".
(NA) Not available.
n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.
n.s.k. Not specified by kind.
(X) Not applicable.
The annual survey of manufactures percentage standard errors shown are the approximate relative errors of che estimates of level. A core
detailed description of the standard error of estimate is given in the introduction of the annual survey of manufactures. Value of Produce
Shipments, M89(AS)-2, under "Qualifications of the Data."
^Previously published as 3561C.
^Available only from the annual survey of manufactures and census of manufactures.
D-33
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Table 3. QUANTITY AND VALUE Of SHIPMHTTS OF FIMPS AHD COMPUSSOtS: 1991 AND 1990
(Quantity la number of ualti; value la thousands of dollar*)
Product
code
Produce description
Number
of
companies
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Value
Puaipa and coapreaaora-*** •••••••--••••••••••••••••
35611 — Industrial puapa ........................................
35611 98 Value of driver* (reported separately)! ...............
Reciprocating pumpa. .............•.--••..•.........•..
3S611 01 Direct-acting steam-driven ..........................
35611 02 Electric motor driven ...............................
3S611 04 Engine driven .......................................
Turbine pumps, vertical (Including deep-well) .........
3S611 05 Submersible, over 5 hp ---- . .........................
Other than submersible:
35611 07 Up to 8" diameter bowl aize .......................
35611 08 Over 8" to 16" diameter bowl site .................
35611 10 Over 16" diameter bowl size .......................
Centrifugal pumps .....................................
Submersible centrifugal pumps (except submersible su
pumps):
Submersible effluent pumps (less than I*1 solids
handling capacity):
35611 83 4-3/4 hp ........................................
35611 84 1 hp. and over ..................................
Submersible solids handling pumps (solids 1" to 2"
inclusive):
35611 85 1/3 to 1/2 hp ...................................
35611 86 3/4 hp. and over ................................
Submersible nonclog pumps (greater than 2" solids
handling capacity):
35611 87 3" discharge outlet and under ...................
35611 88 4" to 6" discharge outlet .......................
35611 89 7" and 8" discharge outlet ......................
35611 90 9" to 12" discharge outlet ......................
35611 91 Over 12" discharge outlet .......................
Single stage, single suction, close coupled:
35611 11 1/2" discharge outlet and under ...................
35611 12 3/4" and 1" discharge outlet ......................
35611 14 1-1/4" and 1-1/2" discharge outlet ................
35611 15 2" and 2-1/2" discharge outlet ....................
35611 16 3" and 4" discharge outlet ........................
35611 19 Over 4" discharge outlet ..........................
Single stage, single suction, frame mounted:
35611 21 1/2" discharge outlet and under ...................
35611 22 3/4'' and 1" discharge outlet ......................
35611 23 1-1/4" and 1-1/2" discharge outlet ................
35611 24 2" and 2-1/2" discharge outlet ....................
35611 25 3" discharge outlet ...............................
35611 26 4" to 6" discharge outlet .........................
35611 29 Over 6" discharge outlet ..........................
Single stage, double suction:
35611 42 Under 4" discharge outlet .........................
3561144 4" and 5" discharge outlet ........................
35611 46 6" and 7" discharge outlet ........................
35611 48 8" to 12" discharge outlet ........................
35611 49 Over 12" discharge outlet .........................
Multistage (single or double suction):
35611 52 1-1/2" discharge outlet and under .................
35611 54 2" and 3" discharge outlet ........................
35611 56 4" and 5" discharge outlet ........................
35611 58 6" and 7" discharge outlet ........................
35611 59 8" and over discharge outlet ......................
Propeller and mixed flow:
35611 62 20" and under .....................................
35611 64 Over 20" ..........................................
All other centrifugal pumps (including can, etc.):
35611 65 1-1/2" discharge outlet and under .................
35611 66 2" to 6" discharge outlet .........................
35611 69 Over 6" discharge outlet ..........................
Rotary pumps ..........................................
100 P.S.I, and under designed pressure:
35611 70 10 C.P.M. and under, designed capacity ............
35611 71 11 to 99 C.P.M.. designed capacity ................
35611 72 100 to 299 C.P.M., designed capacity ..............
35611 73 300 C.P.M. and over, designed capacity ............
101 Co 250 P.S.I., designed capacity:
35611 74 10 C.P.M. and under, designed capacity ............
35611 75 II to 99 C.P.M., designed capacity ............. ...
35611 76 100 C.P.M.. and over, designed capaclcy ...........
251 co 500 P.S.I., designed pressure:
35611 77 10 C.P.M. and under, designed capaclcy ............
35611 78 11 C.P.M., and over, designed capaclcy ............
35611 79 Over 500 P.S.I., designed pressure ..................
Diaphragm pumps .......................................
35611 82 Single diaphragm ....................................
35611 92 More Chan one dlaphragn .............................
35611 97 Other Industrial pumps, noc elsewhere classified ......
331
(X)
132
(X)
5
29
12
(X)
21
11
14
9
(X)
10
13
11
14
6
5
1
12
38
52
52
50
33
45
52
53
57
49
36
21
21
17
21
15
20
21
19
14
9
16
16
23
21
II
(X)
26
21
13
It
I]
16
14
8
10
6
(X)
14
10
19
15,912.178
5,192,364
(X)
236,544
65
210,749
25.730
31,910
9,626
3.920
16,863
1,501
3,548,253
110,883
9,034
134,145
18,230
16,862
8,812
92
117
105,841
225,788
292,119
104,590
30,106
12,603
(D)
(D)
33.010
37,959
28,023
27,853
5,709
6,285
6,089
4,570
4,575
627
26,026
5.467
954
142
102
1,774
511
1.523,892
94,327
2,897
848,355
457,561
98,412
19,637
3,551
134,350
37,938
19,332
'1.751
4,441
1.382
'46,987
(D)
(0)
80.315
5,169,055
2.284,470
424,131
113.953
2,304
98,463
13,186
197,708
56,416
22,182
89,548
29,562
1,169,107
11,539
5,018
26,329
8,577
12,114
12,942
579
1,253
6,372
30,116
70,616
42,780
28,392
25,274
(D)
(0)
42,518
68.393
51,145
83,667
53,959
9,850
23,413
24*. 716
36,261
36,941
13,784
31,095
31,131
13.118
21,692
15,394
40.297
73.439
51,919
106.437
204,818
43.170
28,973
12,416
9,766
21,488
37,626
30.223
7, 149
10.918
3,089
1)1.046
(3)
(D)
43.707
15.983,709
5,186,024
(X)
219.179
57
179,794
39,328
30.804
10,415
5.620
13,438
1,331
3,526.247
120,963
7,558
132,631
14,440
17,339
6,180
60
F53
118,104
223,563
312.873
113,089
28,590
14,424
(D)
(D)
38,509
38,094
29,601
29,274
5,536
6,787
7,219
5,117
5,940
691
r26,774
• 6.510
1,034
110
149
2.129
498
1,432,595
105,631
2,648
877,878
. 476,351
112,370
7,370
3.253
136.034
41.829
16.728
77.555
4.814
1,574
452.876
(0)
(D)
7S.040
4,797,423
2,131.235
373,228
105,655
2.330
85,198
18,127
166,922
41,876
19,187
84,098
21,761
1,122,184
12,235
4.903
23,788
7,198
7,556
10,649
294
r480
6.368
29.1 17
73,697
44,395
26,903
24,220
(D)
(D)
49,092
61,754
52,175
80,983
51,329
11,272
20.622
23.753
28.70J
30.491
13.9 '6
34.6)7
28,624
5, jO-i
12,071
71 .«">!>
48. •>:•<
A J ** -'*
31 . 1'J-
See footnotes . t end of cable.
-------
Tabla ). QDAMTin AND VAUII OF SHIIimRS Or PUMPS AMD COMTUSMtSl 1991 AMD 1»»0—Continued
(Quantity ia nuaber of unit*; value la thousands of dollars)
Produce
coda
35613 —
33613 13
35613 20
35613 26
39613 27
35613 28
33613 70
.3561$ —
35615 98
35615 99
35615 11
35615 13
35615 15
35615 73
35615 77
35615 78
35615 93
35615 95
35615 97
35631 —
35631 98
35631 01
35631 02
35631 03
35631 04
35631 OS
35631 06
35631 07
35631 10
35631 11
35631 12
35631 13
35631 15
35631 14
35631 17
35631 19
35631 29
35631 33
35631 34
35631 36
35631 37
35631 38
35631 39
35631 42
35631 43
35631 46
35631 47
35631 48
35631 51
35631 53
35631 56
35631 89
35631 93
35631 94
35631 96
Product deacrlptlon
* *™P . 3 h ihi 12
Sutneratbla pulp ajricna, 5 hp. and under2:
Doaeatlc hand and windmill pumps, pump jacks, and
Valua of drlvara (reported separately)!
Other pumps, excluding domestic water systems and imp
Oil veil and oilfield pumps (except boiler-feed)
Mud t 1 h ) P r S
1\* ** F 1
Other pumps, except automotive, (Include oil burner and
appliance pumps, fire engine puaps, laboratory puaps.
Value of drivers (reported separately)!
1 ?/7 h nd d
Re d bl tl
ISO h A Att
Discharge pressure 50 PS1C and under, all hp.
Discharge pressure of 51 PS1G and over:
250 to 599 C.F.M
600 to 899 C.F.M
tl trlfuf 1 and 1 1
H \g
Stationary reciprocating:
Integral engine*:? .
Other Chan Integral engines:
1*001 h d
St ' P Itlv
Other compressors (Including compressor packages)
Low vacuum. 29.5 Inches aercury vacuum and lower
High vacuum 29.6 Inches mercury vacuum and over
Packaged compressor units as^eoblcd from purchased
c op
Dumber
of
coapaales
(X)
19
7
18
16
16
5
(X)
14
5
(X)
10
6
6
(X)
21
(X)
21
11
2
5
26
(X)
47
(X>
(X)
(X)
20
25
22
14
(X)
9
5
(X)
8
6
15
16
10
7
(X)
7
(X)
2
5
(X)
11
9
10
10
5
6
6
(X)
(X)
5
5
(X)
3
2
2
16
6
6
6
(X)
24
li
*
1991
Quantity
.1,640.122
f 813,097
675,987
109,066
28,885
13,087
6,772,603
(X)
(X)
182,965
173,939
444
8,582
1,944,293
338,586
1,605,707
1,502,880
102,827
H, 645, 345
2,307,089
(X)
1,836,146
770,295
678.137
454,878
163,763
41.967
17,529
698
549
149
75,412
57.800
1.331
4,654
9,956
1.206
465
16.048
V 16,048
1.065.851
961,865
91.509
1,130
8,006
1,469
1,414
458
4,642
359
126
233
4,283
} »'
3.210
449
372
(0)
394,514
326.293
68.221
(U)
Valua
275,140
106,631
124,723
27,206
14,773
1,807
590.864
70,087
4,361
206,396
175.021
17,151
14,224
103.216
16,043
87,173
78.000
9,173
206,804
2,018,581
294,511
914,719
612.577
207.835
39.589
72.586
64,806
30,854
32.417
17.776
14,641
234.229
21.947
3,403
35,259
93,440
46,141
34,039
138,096
138,096
302,142
137.687
26.436
6.523
56,315
17,159
36.285
21.737
581.394
198.366
137.039
61,327
383.028
131.681
136,691
104.730
9.936
(0)
131, 6i9
73.552
58.107
(D)
1990
Quantity
1.637,619
872.636
630,341
99,347
22,055
13.240
6,823,180
(X)
(X)
188.473
179,822
489
8,162
2,049,002
397,949
1,651,053
1,540,664
110,389
4,585,705
2,336,886
(X)
1,856,766
830,205
745,795
560.101
129,488
41,187
15,019
1,971
1,807
164
81,403
63,033
814
T 5,203
10.543
1.365
445
1,036
1,036
rl. 026, 561
"•924,724
86,353
1,776
10,113
1,610
1.440
545
4,274
365
75
290
3,909
C308
r2,872
"•395
334
(0)
403,201
318.744
84.457
(D)
Value
263,615
112,275
116,002
23,359
10,336
1,643
563,440
•75,618
2,550
177,194
152,003
12,810
12,381
109,313
18,843
90,470
80,288
10.182
198,765
1.839,133
r245,797
923,970
590.705
194,671
36.150
66,756
61.064
30,701
29.534
12,417
17,117
242.152
20,754
2.653
r35,935
102,370
48,347
32,093
124,348
124,348
333,265
139,447
33,767
10.324
72.114
18,475
35,015
24.123
445,313
127,895
75,771
52.124
317,418
r62,406
135.492
107,163
12,357
(D)
142,730
75,484
67,246
(0)
(0) Data withheld to avoid disclosing figures for Individual coopdnies. Kevlsed by 5 percent or raoro (rom previously
The value of drivers was reported only at lh« product cl^st level. For
noted for codes 3^613 13-70 and )5«>3l i6-48, the value of drivers (?U-cirU
The extent to which sone respondents aay have Included the valutr of drtv.-rs
unknown.
^Include;, the value of drivers.
product 1i no, v« lue fI^urea exc lude. except a*
r or pr 1 oc movers ) «n,;iped with thai product -
t li«- value of spec I f tc pump* or coupcc g«ors Is
D-35
-------
Table 4. Hiitum. luom, utroai, ta> ttram ooawmai or pom urn on
(Quaultr U Maker of omits; nig* la t»o«aaads *f dolUra)
Product
cod*
35611 01
13611 04
35611 05
15611 07
15611 0«
15611 10
15611 83-
15611 91
15611 11-
15611 19
1S611 21-
35611 29
15611 42-
35611 49
35611 52-
-35611 59
15611 62-
15611 69
15611 70-
15611 79
15611 82
15611 92
15611 11-
35611 70
15615 71-
15615 78
15615 11-
15615 15
15615 95
15615 97
35611 01-
35611 04
35611 05
35631 06
35631 07-
15611 15
35631 14
35631 17
35631 19
15631 29-
35631 39
15631 42
35631.43
35631 46-
35631 56
35631 89
35611 93
35631 94
Product description .
itmisniu. nan
.Centrifugal pumps — single ecsf**
.Centrifugal pumps— single stage.
1 Centrifugal pumpe — elngle stage.
, Centrifugal pumps— -multistage, sloglo
Other centrifugal pumpa. Including
U. "„ „»,.
[•Diaphragm, pump*, all typea, •
OIL well tad oilfield puop« Uxcept
1 Oth«r PUMP*. Including hoc water
COMPRESSORS
/ reciprocating. « Ingle acting. ..........
Air compressors — stationary,
Air compressor* — stationary, rotary
U
LCaa compressors — centrifugal and «xl«l. .
Oth«r conprescors (lacludtng
SELECTED tints
I
XinafMCimr*1
«nl|«inr»
Qu«ottCr
13.524,774
236,544
31,910
298,175
771,047
900,791
22,146
32.691
1.623,401
641,155
446,997
1,640,122
182.965
4,645,145
2.254.955
678,117
698
75,412
16.048
1.065.851
159
4.281
19.651
394,514
V.lu.
f.o.b.
plcnc
2,607,116
111.591
197.701
78,151
201,550
157.709
111.181
110.820
287,486
204,818
111,054
275,140
101.216
206,196
206,804
1.657,125
207,815
12.417
214.229
118.096
102.142
198,166
381,028
29,151
111.659
Biport •hlpMatil 2
Qu«=-
cltjr
1,170.998
57,512
5.667
145, 2M
181.552
14,11}
1,340
5.177
81.248
111,150
49,150
I 67.011
1.147
1.112.221
519,002
L 167,790
V 60,260
23.888
6,107
260.957
V«lu«
<• r<-
porccdl
578.588
46.095
25,842
11.401
15,121
12,666
7,121
14,689
71,558
74,817
25,540
7,987
30,219
115,205
666,149
68,165
81,497
92,447
160,690
61.550
E*tiMC«d
producers '
..lu.1 4
311.991
40.789
22,868
27.787
11,262
28,906
6,478
10,696
61.122
66,206
22,600
6,979
44,456
119,641
589,652
60,319
72.117
81.806
119.175
56.215
Percmc
export* to
Mauf*e~
tarer* '
•hlpxoti
(turn-
tit,
11.8
24.1
17.8
48.7
24.5
1.8
6.1
15.8
5.1
11.9
11.0
1.9
1.8
24.4
23.0
24.7
79.9
2.2
25.1
66.1
Velae
22.2
40.6
11.1
40.1
17.4
9.1
5.6
31.1
24.9
16.5
19.5
2.1
24.1
65.4
40.2
28.4
14.9
10.6
59.1
48.3
tuporte for
coMuBptloa1 *
Quantity
29,115.191
158,170
2,144
116,615
101,121
17.999
7.012
2.781
554,044
227,546
15,996
15.769
1.041
27,094,949
4,100,260
174,098
326.264
2.046.S06
28,563
1,524.529
V«lu«6
100.669
27.770
1.112
21.914
22.722
7.995
761
6.121
72,488
28,581
7,595
624
10,027
90.947
366.318
3D. 165
58,994
41,093
101.968
122.098
Apparent .
coneuaptloa
QueatlCf
19,989,167
117.182
28,587
269.502
681.618
824,679
27,818
10.297
2.094.197
957.751
411,611
1.511,171
180.659
10.608.071
5. 83ft. 213
685.141
157,464
1,088,769
46,751
1.658,086
Value
2,129.917
95,268
174,998
68,864
190.944
111.028
124.621
' 82.234
288,416
158.592
111.109
171.093
166.184
162,546
1.357,094
210,252
149,822
252,788
354.025
190.207
Percent
(•porte to
apparent
consumption
Quao-
tltr
70.9
46.9
8.2
41.1
14.8
4.6
25.2
9.2
26.5
21.8
1.9
0.4
0.6
88.5
70.3
25.4
91.3
66.3
61.1
91.9
Value
12.9
29.1
1.8
11.8
11.9
2.4
0.6
7.4
25.1
18.0
6.7
0.2
6.0
56.0
27.0
18.2
16.9
17. 0
29.4
64.2
.For coaparttron of SIC-bcsed product cod«t with Schedule ft export nueber*. and HTSUSA Import nu*b«r« see table 6.
^Source: Bureau of Ceoaue report CM 545. U.S. Enporta.
.Excludea the valu« of driver*.
Theee value* were derived by uae of adjutttwot factor* to exclude freight, taaurao.ce, and other chargee Incurred In Coving goods to the port of export' Thia adJustMnt 1«
aade to convert the valuea to an approximation of the producer*' value of exported goods. Current adju«t-»ent factor* are ba«cd on data for 1989 which are published In Export*
froa Kanufactorlng Eatabliehiient*;1999. AK89-., appendix B. The adjustment factor applicable to tht* report Is 0.86*9.
3Source: Bureau of Ceasu* report IM 145. U.Sj^le»?ore« for Con
-------
MIROORS. ana*, iieom, ua tnaaft anaaana* or ran *n> comusoui itto
(Qu»tlty U uevbcr o( o«lte; »«!»• H tkonuMa of dollars)
rtodact
cod«
15611 01
35611 04
15611 05
35611 07
35611 0»
35611 10
356U -SJ-
35611 91
35611 11-
35611 19
35611 21-
35611 29
35611 42-
35611 49
35611 52-
35611 59
35611 62-
35611 69
35611 70-
33611 79
35611 12
35611 92
15611 11-
35613 70
35615 73-
35615 78
35615 11-
35615 15
35613 95
35615 97
35631 01-
35631 04
35631 05
35631 06
35631 07-
35631 IS
35631 14
35631 17
35631 19
35631 29-
35631 39
35631 42
35631 43
35631 46-
33631 56
35631 «9
35631 93
3S631 94
Product daecrlptloa.
IKDUSTtlAL ru*ra
L ""^
ILL .J! ^
C*atrlfu(«l PIMP*— «infl« «c«(*.
\ Ccatrlfugal pvmy*— •iafl« «C«<«,
C«atrlfufal piHpr— •ittcl* (tag*.
C«otrlfu.f«l {Hiap«— •ulttflt«««, •lagU
Otb«r c*atrifuc*l puBp*. locludlo*
.
\Dcmc*tle *u«p puaps, 1 hp. and un4«r. ...
{ Oil «•!! and oilfield pu«P« (*xcepc
i Otlur pu«pa. laeludinx hoc w«t«r
COHPUSSOBS
Co«pre««or* (excluding driver*). ..
}Alr co«pre«or«— •taclooary,
1 Air co^r«««or»"*t«tlon*ry.
l Air co^r«»«or»T-*t«tioa*ry, rotary
\Alr coop r«c«or*—- •taciooary.
( "*
LGM coapreeeore — centrifugal and siclel..
' Other coapreetors (Including
SELECTED PUHFS
/
-For coaparlaon of SIC-based product coda* with Sc
^Source: Bureau of Census report EH 543, U.S. Cxp-
^Excludes the value of drivers.
Theae values were derived by use of sdjustawot fs
aade Co convert the values to en approxlaatlon of the
fro* Manufactorlng Establishments: 1987 end 1986. AR8
^Source
*thl« d
'kppere
: Sureeu of Census report IN 143. U.S. lap
tUnalMtaran '
•mnMmt*
Quantity
13,567.713
219.179
30,804
299,224
810.643
812,548
25,754
34,377
1,543,501
877.878
452,876
1.637,619
2.049,002
188.473
4,585.705
2,288.954
745,795
1,971
81,403
1,036
1,026,561
365
3,909
24.713
403,201
Veins
f.o.b.
pleat
2,469,998
105.655
166,922
67.103
204,700
345,944
114,841
94,813
294,783
202.546
123,804
263,615
109,313
177.194
198,763
1.536.906
194,671
29.534
242.152
124.348
333,265
127,895
317.418
24.891
142.130
ledule 8 export nuabers
arts.
ctors to exctude frelgh
producers' value of ex
7-1. appendix B. The a
otcs for Consuaptlon.
olUr velue represents the c.l.f. (cost, Insurance, end freight) v
nt consuaptlon Is derived by subtracting exports fro*, the tocsl of
Export shlpaeatsl 1
Qina-
tltj
1.979.875
67.570
7,001
94,895
178.802
12.113
1,276
4,340
73,012
146,850
48.866
\ 65.762
1.985
1,277.403
197,902
V 155.011
1 29.929
17.014
I 4.S2B
191,400
Value
to t«-
•ortedJ
472,904
41.818
26.637
19, BM
30,171
26,528
4,752
23,707
31,549
67,976
19,277
8.176
27.388
124,817
590,317
59,337
66,908
66,603
347,751
49,718
Istlaatad
nrodueara*
value* 4
422.020
37,116
21,771
17,748
26,923
21.674
4,241
21,156
46.002
60.662
17,203
7,475
24,441
111,387
526.799
52,952
59.709
59.437
110.333
44.368
Patent
«a»ort> to
MBBfae-
turara'
shipments
Quan-
tity
14.6
30.8
21.7
31.7
22.1
1.5
5.0
12.6
4.7
16.7
10.8
1.8
1.1
27.9
17.4
20.7
16.8
1.7
15.6
47.5
Value
19.1
19.6
16.0
29.6
14.7
7.7
4.1
25.0
17.5
33.6
15.6
2.2
15.5
62.6
38.4
26.3
27.6
20. D
74.0
14.8
Xflport* for
coostjaptloal >
24.932.774
189,976
956
124,763
62,483
8,375
92,562
1.238
1.000,933
161,380
15,291
69,213
1,274
23.204,328
3.084.868
146,580
305,002
1.354,294
Z5.SS4
1.253.418
287.312
22.641
4,256
12.606
14.140
6.875
1.467
1,915
74,054
21,610
5,492
187
5,678
92,211
354,741
42,173
56.838
47,105
90.1>7
118.438
•peanut ,
coa.taatloa'
36.520,682
341.585
24,759
329.092
694,326
808,810
117,040
31,475
2.471,422
892,408
419,301
3.690,072
187.762
26.312,630
2.686,966
719,315
337,512
2.363.841
30.013
I.46S.219
2.284.426
86, 4M
144.541
79,619
188,669
326,291
111,556
71,021
117,286
158,180
110,019
364,739
135,484
166.161
I. 301. 330
207,041
356,430
313.767
212.642
211.450
farcattt
taperta to
apperent
consumption
Qua»-
68.1
33.6
3.9
37.9
9.0
1.0
79.1
3.9
40.3
18.1
3.6
1.9
0.7
87.5
114.8
19.6
85.1
57.3
31.1
B5.5
12.6
16.2
2.9
40.8
7.5
2.1
3.1
2.6
23.3
13.0
3.0
0.1
3.7
55.5
27.3
20.4
15.9
15.0
42.4
56.0
and HTSUSA taport nuabers see table 6.
, Insurance, and other charges Incurred In aovlng goods to the port of export. This sdjustaeot Is
orted goods. Current adjustaent factors are based on data for 1987 which are publtahed in Exports
justaent factor applicable to this report tfl 0.8924.
lue at the first port of *ntry In the United Ststes plus laport dutte*.
Manufacturers', shipments plus laports.
D-37
-------
Tabls 6. COKP AIISOII Or STANDARD IKDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PtODUCT COOES VIIH
SCHEDULE B EXPOd NIMBSIS, AND BTSUSA IMPOCT IKMBCISl 1991
Product
cod*
3S611 01
3S611 02
35611 04
3S611 OS
33611 07
35611 08
35611 10
35611 83
35611 84
35611 85
35611 86
35611 87
35611 88
35611 89
35611 90
35611 91
35615 77
35615 78
35611 11
35611 12
35611 14
35611 15
35611 16
35611 19
35611 21
35611 22
35611 23
35611 24
35611 25
35611 26
35611 29
35611 42
35611 44
35611 46
35611 48
35611 49
35611 52
35611 54
35611 56
35611 58
35611 59
35611 62
35611 64
35611 65
35611 66
35611 69
356U 70
35611 71
35611 72
35611 73
35611 74
35611 75
35611 76
35611 77
35611 78
35611 79
35615 73
35611 82
35611 92
35611 97
35615 97
35615 95
35613 13
35613 20
35613 26
35613 27
35613 28
35613 70
35615 11
35615 13
35615 15
35631 29
35631 33
35631 34
35631 36
35631 37
35631 38
35631 39
Product description
•Submersible centrifugal puaps. Industrial and domestic....
,
(Centrifugal pu«ps, .Ingle stage, single suction, close
F coupled, 1/2" discharge outlet through 1-1/2"
(Centrifugal pumps, single stage, single suction, close
"\
[Centrifugal pumps, single stage, single suction, frame
(Centrifugal pumps, single stage, single suction, frame
I
[centrifugal pumps, single stage, double suction, from
I
ICentrifugal pumps, multistage, single or double suction.
bther centrifugal pumps, Including propeller and mixed
>Rotary pumps, domestic and industrial
Diaphragm pumps, all sizes, Industrial type •
Other pumps not elsewhere classified Including
Oil well and oilfield pumps;
Export
number 1
8413.S0.009C
8413*81 002G
8413.70.2004
8413.70.2005
8413.70.2015
8413. 70.2022
8413. 70.2025
84 13. 70 2030
84 13* 70 20^0
' 8413.70.2090
k 8413.70.1000
" 8413.60.0070
8413.60.0090
84 13. 50 0050
' 8413.20.0000
8413.81.0040
o*« 1 J . o 1 . 0030
" 8413. 50. 0010
8413-60.0050
84 14. 4Q.OOOO
8414. HO. 10*5
laport
amber 2
84 1 1 ^n nflQfl
O^I J. JU.UU7V
RA it ft i nfi~yn
O^l J.Ol.UOaiU
8413.70.2004
8413.70.2005
8413 70 2015
8413. 70. 2022
8413 70 2025
8413. 70* 2030
at. I •» 7fj •)f\/.f\
o** 1 J. /U. iU*»U
8413.70.2090
8413.70.1000
8413.60.0070
8413.60.0090
ftt 1 1 ^n rtd^n
O4* 1 J. 3U. UU 5U
8413.20.0000
8413.81.0040
O4 1 3.8 1 .0030
8413.50.0010
8413.60.0050
'8411.40.0000
8414.80. ! 085
_S4|4.80.IOYO
See footnotes at end of table.
D-.18
-------
a
Table 6. COMPARISON OP STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PRODUCT CODES WITH
SCHEDULE B EXPORT NUMBERS, AND HTSOSA IMPORT NUMBERS: 1991—Continued
Product
code
35631 01
3S631 02
35631 03
35631 04
35631 OS
35631 06
35631 42
35631 43
35631 07
35631 10
35631 11
35631 12
35631 13
35631 14
35631 15
35631 17
35631 19
35631 46
35631 47
35631 48
35631 51
35631 53
35631 56
35631 89
35631 93
35631 94
Product deacrtptton
^
^Stationary reciprocating air conpressora, single and
\
Air compressors, stationary, rotary positive, centrifugal,
/
N
Export
nunberl
( 8414.80.1018
•I 8414.80.1042
^8414.80.1055
8414.80.2010
{8414.80.1060
8414.80.1067
8414.80.1075
8414.80.1080
C 8414.80.2050
< 8414.80.2060
(^ 8414.80.2070
8414.80.9000
8414.10.0000
Inpocfl
nunbei^l
'8414.80.1005
8414.80.1015
8414.80.1025
< 8414.80.1035
8414.80.1040
8414.80.1045
.8414.80.1055
8414.80.2010
'8414.80.1060
8414.80:1065
8414.80.1070
8414.80.1075
.8414.80.1080
8414.80.2050
8414.80.2060
8414.80. 2070
8414.80.9000
8414.10.0000
Source: 1991 edition. Harmonized System-Based Schedule B, Statistical Classification of
Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the United States.
^Source:Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, Annotated (1991).
D-39
-------
€RIPT10N OF SURVEY
of Survey. This survey covers companies engaged
in manufacturing industrial pumps, (reciprocating, tur-
bine, centrifugal, and rotary pumps); domestic water
systems, including domestic sump pumps; oil well and
oilfield pumps; air compressors; gas compressors; and
vacuum pumps. Very small firms (generally less than 5
employees) for which 1987 Census of Manufactures data
were derived from administrative records of other gov-
ernment agencies are excluded. Excluded from this sur-
vey are hand pumps; measuring and dispensing pumps;
automotive circulating pumps; hydraulic fluid power
pumps; paint-spraying equipment; compressors for ice
making, refrigeration equipment, and air-conditioning
units; and replacement and repair parts for pumps and
compressors.
Survey Methodology. The statistics in this publication
were collected by mail on Bureau of the Census annual
Form MA35P, Pumps and Compressors. The survey
panel includes all known manufacturers of the covered
products, except the very small firms excluded from the
scope of the survey. Approximately 331 companies are
included. No estimate is derived for the small firms
«' ided from the survey.
bility of Data. Survey error may result from several
sources: (1) inability to obtain information about all
cases in the survey; (2) response errors; (3) definitional
difficulties; (4) differences in the interpretation of ques-
tions; (5) mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained;
and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage,
and estimation for missing data. These nonsampling
errors also occur in complete censuses. Although no
direct measurement of the biases due to nonsampling
errors has been obtained, precautionary steps were
taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and
tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their
influence.
A major source of bias in the published estimates is
due to imputing data for nonrespondents, for late report-
ers, and for data which fail logic edits. Missing figures are
imputed based on yearly movements shown by report-
ing firms. Imputation generally is limited to a maximum
of 10 percent for any one data cell. Figures with imputa-
tion rates greater than 10 percent are footnoted.
The imputation rate is not an explicit indicator of the
potential error in published figures due to nonresponse,
because the actual yearly movements for nonrespon-
may or may not closely agree with the imputed
lents. The range of difference between the actual
iputed figures is not precisely known, but is assumed
to be small. The degree of uncertainty regarding the
accuracy of the published data increases as the percent-
age of imputation increases. Figures with imputation
rates above 10 percent should be used with caution.
Revisions to Previous Period Data. Statistics for previ-
ous years may be revised as the result of corrected data
from respondents, late reports for which imputations
were made as described above, or other corrections.
Figures which have been revised by more than 5 percent
from previously published figures are indicated by foot-
notes.
Adjustment for Price Change. All dollar figures included
in this publication are in current dollars; i.e., they have
not been adjusted for price change.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
Quantity and Value of Shipments. The figures on quan-
tity and value of shipments represent physical shipments
of all products sold, transferred to other establishments
of the same company, or shipped on consignment,
whether for domestic or export sale. The value repre-
sents the net sales price, f.o.b. plant, to the customer or
branch to which the products are shipped, net of dis-
counts, allowances, freight charges, and returns. Ship-
ments to a company's own branches are assigned the
same value as comparable sales to unaffiliated custom-
ers; i.e., the value includes an appropriate allocation of
company overhead and profit. Products bought and
resold without further manufacture are excluded.
Pump. A device for raising, transferring, or moving fluids
or for attenuating gases by suction or pressure or both.
Driver. An electric motor, or a prime mover, such as
steam engine, steam or gas turbine, or internal combus-
tion engine.
Classes of Pumps:
Direct-Acting Steam-Driven. A reciprocating pump
and a steam engine built together as a unit. The power
to drive the pump is furnished by the steam engine.
Power-Operated, Other Than Steam. A reciprocating
pump driven by power from an outside source applied
to the crankshaft of the pump.
Types of Pumps:
Single (Simplex) Pump. A reciprocating pump having
one liquid piston or its equivalent single or double
acting plunger.
Duplex Pump. A reciprocating pump having two liquid
pistons or their equivalent single or double acting
plungers.
Triplex Pump. A reciprocating pump having three
pistons or their equivalent sfngle or double acting
plungers.
-------
10
Multiplex Pump. A reciprocating pump having more
than three pistons or their equivalent single or double
acting plungers.
Horizontal Pump. A reciprocating pump having the
axial centerline of the cylinder or cylinders in a hori-
zontal position.
Vertical Pump. A reciprocating pump having the axial
centerline of the cylinder or cylinders in a vertical
position.
Vertical Turbine Pumps (Including Deep Well). A sub-
mersible pump system, over 5 horsepower. Submersible
pump systems, 5 horsepower and under, are included in
domestic water systems.
Centrifugal Pumps:
Classes of Pumps:
Centrifugal Pump. A pump in which the pressure is
developed principally by the action of centrifugal
force. Pumps in this class with single inlet impellers
usually have a specific speed below 4200, and with
double suction impellers, a specific speed of below
6000. In pumps of this class, the liquid normally enters
the impeller at the hub and flows radially to the
periphery.
Frame Mounted Pumps. A pump design in which the
impeller is mounted on a shaft, held in a bearing frame
and coupled to a motor with a flexible coupling.
Close Coupled Pumps. A pump design in which the
impeller is mounted on the motor shaft.
Mixed Flow Pump. A pump in which the head is
developed partly by centrifugal force and partly by the
lift of the vanes on the liquid. This type pump has a
single inlet impeller with the flow entering axially and
discharging in an axial and radial direction. Pumps of
this type usually have a specific speed from 4200 to
9000..
Axial Flow Pump. A pump of this type, sometimes
called a propeller pump, develops most of its head by
the propelling or lifting action of the vanes on the
liquid. It has a single inlet impeller, with the flow
entering axially and discharging nearly axially. Pumps
of this type usually have a speed above 9000.
Types of Pumps:
Single Stage Pump. A pump in which the total head is
developed by one impeller.
Multistage Pump. A pump having two or more impel-
lers acting in series in one casing.
Single Suction Pump. A pump equipped with one or
more single suction impellers.
Double Suction Pump. A pump equipped with o
more double suction impellers.
Rotary Pumps. A positive displacement pump, con-
sisting of a fixed casing containing gears, cams, screws,
vanes, plungers, or similar elements actuated by rota-
tion of the drive shaft These pumps are characterized
by their close running clearances and the absence of
suction and discharge valves.
Domestic Water Systems. Water supply pumps for
household and farm use. A pump sold separately as
well as a complete system containing driver, tank, and
fittings. Includes submersible pump systems 5 hp and
under. Submersible pump systems over 5 hp. are
reported as vertical turbine pumps. Excluded are
irrigation pumps, which are reported under industrial
pumps by class and type of pump.
Jet Pump. A pump with built-in jet (ejector) assembly
for either shallow or deep well use.
Convertible Jet Pump. A pump with separate jet
(ejector) assembly which permits installation as or
conversion to either shallow or deep well settings.
NonjetPump. An electrical reciprocating piston p
for shallow or deep well use.
Submersible Pump. A pump completely submerc
in water (well, pond, reservoir, etc.) which utilizes a
series of impellers and diffusers (stages) on a single
shaft or a helical rotor positive displacement design
propelled by an oilfilled or water-lubricated motor.
Domestic Hand Pumps, Etc. Hand, windmill, or engine-
driven well pumps not electrically powered.
Oil Well and Oilfield Pumps. Included are pumps
especially designed for oil well and oilfield applica-
tions.
Vacuum Pumps. A device for withdrawing air, gas, or
airgas mixtures from piping systems, enclosed ves-
sels, or enclosed spaces, discharging the air to atmo-
sphere, and removing the moisture.
Compressors. Devices for compressing gases, such
as air, for motive power or natural gas for the transfer
of gas or for the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons
Stationary Air Compressors. Air compressors intended
for permanent installation and which are not typically
mobile.
Portable Air Compressors. Air compressors
are mountable on wheels, skids, or motor truck
as to be typically mobile.
Gas Compressors. Engine-compressor units thjt Am-
orally consist of an integral engine compressof block
D-41
-------
u ...^
that houses both the engine and compressor. In such
machines, the engine pistons and compressor pis-
tons are mounted on a common crankshaft.
COMPARISON OF EXPORT, IMPORT, AND
DOMESTIC OUTPUT DATA
The trade comparisons shown in this report should be
considered only as approximations. Several problems
prevent precise comparisons among imports, exports,
and domestic output. These problems include the fol-
lowing:
• Export and import comparisons do not account for the
origin of materials used to manufacture the finished
product. Domestic output includes any goods that
undergo substantial transformation into a finished
product in the U.S., even if the goods are partially
constructed abroad or are constructed of imported
materials.
• There will be a lag between the time a producer makes
or ships a product and the time it is actually exported.
Similarly, there may be a lag between the time a
product is imported and when it enters into U.S.
distribution channels.
The basic structures of these classification systems
differ. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) sys-
tem used for domestic output was developed inde-
pendently of the Harmonized System (HS) used to
classify imports and exports. The level of detail pro-
vided by the different systems varies substantially,
reflecting their different objectives. For example, there
are a number of imported commodities that have no
comparable domestic output classification.
• Because producers' shipments of some commodities
may be used as materials for incorporation into other
commodities, combinations of domestic output data
for such commodities may contain some duplication.
• Import and export data reflect the movement of mer-
chandise into and out of U.S. foreign trade zones, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and the U.S. customs territory of
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto
Rico. Domestic output reflects activity in the 50 States
and, only if specified, in Puerto Rico.
• Import and export data generally do not distinguish
between new, used or rebuilt commodities.
• The valuations of the three data sets differ. Domestic
output is valued at the point of production. It includes
the net sales price, f.o.b. plant, after discounts and
allowances, and excludes freight charges and excise
taxes. Exports are valued at the point of exportation.
Export value includes the net sales price or value, and
inland freight, insurance and other charges to the
export point Imports are valued at the first port of
entry in the United States. They include the cost
insurance, freight, duty, and other charges to the
import point.
• Detailed commodity information is not included for
individual export or import shipments at or below a
certain dollar limit. This dollar limit is $2,500 for exports
and $1,250 for imports, except for import of textiles
and textile products, gloves, footwear, and miscella-
neous rubber and plastics products, where the limit is
$250.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Data on pumps and compressors have been collected
by the Bureau of the Census since 1960. Data on hydrau-
lic fluid power pumps and motors formerly collected on
this survey are now included in the Current Industrial
Report, MA35N, Fluid Power Products. Historical data
may be obtained from Current Industrial Reports avail-
able at your local Federal Depository Library. A list of
these libraries may be obtained from the Bureau of the
Census regional offices:
Office
Atlanta, Georgia
Boston, Massachusetts
Charlotte, North Carolina
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Kansas City, Kansas
Van Nuys, California
New York, New York
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Seattle, Washington
Telephone
404-730-3833
617-565-7100
704-344-6142
312-353-6251
214-767-0621
303-969-6750
313-354-4654
913-236-3728
818-904-6339
212-264-4730
215-597-8313
206-728-5314
Historical data are also available on microfiche. For
further information contact the Bureau of the Census,
Data User Services Division, 301-763-4100.
RELATED REPORTS
The Bureau of the Census publishes the following
related reports:
Series Frequency Title
Current Industrial Reports
MA35D Annually Construction Machinery
MA35F Annually Mining Machinery and
MA35L Annually
Mineral Processing
Equipment
Internal Combustion
D-42
-------
U.S. Department of Commerce
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Washington, O.C. 20233
Official BualrwM
Penalty for Private Uu, $900 .
FIRST-CLASS MAIL
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
CENSUS
PERMIT No. G-£
Series Frequency
MA35M Annually
MA35N Annually
MA36H Annually
Other Industry Reports
M3-1 Monthly
(AS)
(MC)
Annually
Quin-
quennially
Foreign Trade Reports
CD-ROM Monthly/
Annually
FT 447 Annually
CD-ROM
FT 247
Monthly/
Annually
Annually
Title
Air-Conditioning and
Refrigeration Equipment
Fluid Power Products
Motors and Generators
Manufacturers' Shipments,
Inventories, and Orders
Annual Survey of
Manufactures (ASM)
Census of Manufactures
U.S. Exports—Schedule B-
Commodity by Country
U.S. Imports for
Consumption—HTSUSA—
Commodity by Country
CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS
Subject Area Contact
Current Industrial
Report MA35P
Lynn Jedrey
Phone Number
301-763-5547
Subject Area
Classification
Systems
Comparability
Foreign Trade
Census/ASM
International
Trade
Administration
To order a
Current Industrial
Report
To subscribe to a
Census Bureau
publication
Contact
Francis
McCormick
(ESD)
Trade Data
Inquiries Staff
(FTD)
Tom Lae
Edward
McDonald
Superintendent
of Documents
(GPO)
Superintendent
of Documents
(GPO)
Phone Number
301-763-1935
301-763-5140
301-763-57
202-377-068'
202-783-3238
202-512-2303
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared in the Industry Division,
Bureau of the Census, under the direction of Thomas
Flood, Chief, Current Durables Branch, and Milbren
Thomas, Chief, Machinery and Equipment Section. Lynn
Jedrey was directly responsible for the review of the
data and preparation of the report. Roger H.
Bugenhagen, Acting Chief of the Division, and Robert N.
Tinari, Assistant Chief for Current Industrial Reports,
provided overall direction and coordination to this project.
D-43
-------
CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS
•turn*
U.S. Department of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Administration
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Motors and
Generators
1991
MA36H(91)-1
Issued November 1992
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
During 1991, manufacturers' value of shipments of
motors and generators, including interplant transfers,
totaled $7,646.3 million, a 1-percent increase above the
revised 1990 shipments of $7,552.8 million.
The 1991 data for individual categories of motors and
generators exhibited the following changes: The dollar
value of shipments of fractional horsepower motors
decreased 3 percent, to $3,584.2 million in 1991 from
$3,698.3 million in 1990; integral horsepower motors
and generators showed an increase of 1 percent in the
ralue of shipments, from $1,568.3 million in 1990 to
$1,597.0 million in 1991. The dollar value of shipments of
land transportation motors and generators decreased 1
percent, from $198.6 million to $195.4 million. There was
a 13-percent decrease in the value of shipments of prime
mover generator sets sold. In 1991, $1,139.5 million was
reported in this category compared with the $991.9
million reported in 1990. Electric motor generator sets
and other rotating equipment, including hermetics and
parts, showed a 2-percent increase in value, from $1,127.1
million to $1,098.8 million.
A description of the survey methodology and related
information appears on page 10.
Table 1. VALUE Of SHIPMENTS OF MOTORS AND GENERATORS, BY PRODUCT CLASS: 1982 TO 1991
(Mlllloni of dollar.)
Product
code
3621
36211
36217
Produce description
Motors and generators
Fractional horsepower motor*, excluding
than for land transportation equlpaent
Motor generator sets and other rotating
equipment:
1991
7,646.3
3 584.2
1,597.0
1 139.5
325.4
1990
7.552.6
3 698.3
1.568.3
311.4
1989
7.947.3
4 049 7
1,573-5
1988
7,664.1
3 983 5
1.477.0
250.5
2487 8
1987
6. 806. 2
1,249.7
248 1
1986
6,198.6
1,191.5
1985
6,267.3
1.201.2
1984
6,314.6
1.209.3
1983
5.651.5
1.134.5
m:
s. as*.]
1 . iO1* .8
.
(NA) Not available. Revised by 5 pe
I
vlously published figures.
?Prlor to 1986, data for produce code 36219, parts for oocors and generators, were collected only on a partial basis and Included with product cod*
Revised downward due to reporting errors.
Address inquiries concerning these figures to U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Industry Division. Washington. 0 C ."O." I I
or call Robert Wright. 301-763-5573.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402.
D-44
-------
2
I«bl« 2. QUANTITY tm VALUE Or SHIFKEHTS OF MOTORS AMD CENEIATOISt 1991 AMD 1990
(Value to thouaanda of dollar*)
Product
cod*
FroducC description
Number
of
coapanlea
1991
Quantity
V«lu«
1990
Quantity
Valua,
3621 Motor* and generator*
36211 — Fractional horsepower (excluding heraetle* and other rotating equipment).
36211 OH Ua
Split phase
36211 32 Less than 2.5 inch diameter
36211 33 2.5 to lesa than 3.75 Inch diameter
36211 34 3.75 to less than 4.375 inch diameter
36211 35 4.375 to less than 5.375 inch diameter
5.375 to leaa than 6 Inch diameter:
36211 36 Less than 746 watta, under 1 hp (2 digit FS)
36212 3E 746 watta and over, I hp and over (2 digit FS) (see code
36212 X*)
6 Inch dlaaeter and over:
36211 38 Less than 746 watts, under 1 hp (2 digit FS)
36212 3F 746 watts and over. 1 hp and over (2 digit FS) (see code
36212 X4)
All other single phase
36211 42 Lees than 2.5 Inch diameter
36211 43 2.5 to less than 3.75 Inch diameter
36211 44 3.75 to less than 4.375 Inch diameter
36211 45 4.375 to less than 5.375 Inch diameter
5.375 to less than 6 Inch diameter:
36211 46 Less Chan 746 watts, under I hp (2 digit FS)
36212 4C '46 watts and over. 1 hp and over (2 digit FS) sec code
36212 X4>
6 Inch diameter and over:
36211 4U Less than 746 watts, under I hp (2 digit FS)
36212 411 746 watts and over, I hp and over (2 digit FS) see code
J6212 X4)
(NA)
(NA>
13
22
22
1
8
(NA)
(NA)
10
4
(NA)
6
6
7
4
6
6
4
(NA)
6
9
9
11
3
5
4
(NA)
4
8
5
7
6
5
7
7
(NA)
1
4
3
6
9
4
5
2
(NA)
1
1
3
4
3
(X)
282,890
117,997
217
393
18,458
116,728
2340
25,388
7,735
17,653
48,153
(D)
5,845
12,077
2,718
2,095
(D)
12,346
(D)
762
990
67
667
(D)
899
834
37,098
(3)
(*)
7,031
[• 5.416
733
391
265
226
9,403
17
1,966
(D)
(D)
12,565
(D)
(D)
6.'76 |
7,646,263
3,584,182
890.405
47,516
85.759
72,274
1,875,131
264.600
100,783
37,982
62.801
363,549
(D)
68,696
107,429
34,092
33.052
(P)
317,502
(0)
18.871
18,622
2.714
13,112
(D)
17,099
22,173
3212,756
(3)
218,736
111,835
49,913
16,578
15,860
<*)
24,550
293,902
1,855
38.570
(0)
(*>
(D)
(')
402,018
(0)
(D)
(X)
292,579
130,849
284
380
20,776
113,391
236*
23,941
7,101
16,840
42.986
(D)
5.567
12.038
2.774
2.107
(D)
13,344
(D)
724
1,410
103
770
(D)
716
964
37,870
(*)
(3)
(«>
7,703
5,758
737
404
274
530
(*)
10,529
17
2,009
(D)
(D)
(*>
12,854
(D)
(D)
(')
7.371
7,552,788
3.698.323
1,007,954
50,500
88,267
72,265
1,879,162
247,516
97,286
35,488
61,798
340,091
(D)
63,161
103,765
33.431
31,637
(D)
341,763
(D)
15,497
24,423
3,826
13,319
(0)
18,607
23,503
3231,494
(3)
(*)
218.041
118,255
50,294
17,112
11.576
(')
20,804
(«)
322.097
1,775
38,970
(D)
(')
(D)
403.734
(D)
(0)
(M
249.883
See footnotes At end o( table.
D-45
-------
T«bl« 2. QQAKITT AMD VALUE or SHIPMENTS Or HDIOtS AMD CimATOISi 1991 AMD 1990—Continued
(Valo* lo thousands of dollars)
Product
cod*
Produce description
Number
of
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Fractional horsepower (hermetlca and other rotating e«,ulpment)--Contlnued
All other uaea— Continued
A.c. (non-commutated) — Continued
Single phase or polyphase — Continued
Single phase— Continued
Polyphase (servo end non-servo) ...... ....... ..... ..............
Synchronous stepper Motors:
36211 SI Less than 3 Inch dlasuter ..................................
36211 52 3 to less than 4 Inch diameter .............................
36211 53 4 to lea* than 6 Inch diameter .............................
36211 54 6 Inch diameter and over ...................................
All other polyphase:
Servo (Induction rotor):
36211 SM Less than 4.375 Inch diameter ............................
36211 SO 4.373 to less than 5.375 Inch diameter ...................
36211 SO S.37S Inch diameter and over .............................
Non-fervo:
36211 5P Less than 4.37S Inch diameter ............................
36211 5R 4.37S to less than S.37S Inch dlaaeter ...................
5.375 to less than 6 Inch diameter:
36211 ST Leas than 736 watta. under 1 hp (2 digit FS) ...........
36212 SI 746 watts and over, 1 hp and over (2 digit FS) (see
code 36212 X5) ........................................
6 Inch Idameter and over:
36211 SV Less than 746 watts, under 1 hp (2 digit FS) ...........
36212 SJ 746 watte and over, 1 hp and over (2 digit FS) (see
code 36212 XS) ........................................
D.c. or universal motors by case size.. .............. ..................
Leas than 4.0 Inch dlaaeter. .........................................
4.0 Inch diameter and over. ...................... ..... . ....... .......
By commutation:
Mechanically comnutated (brushes, for example) ............... . .....
Cased or sleeved:
36211 6E Less than 2.87S Inch dlaaeter ..................................
36211 6F 2.87S to less than 3.188 Inch diameter .........................
36211 6C 3.188 to less than 3.563 Inch diameter .........................
3.563 Inch diameter and over:
36211 6H Less than 746 watts, under 1 hp (2 digit FS) ...................
36212 6K 746 watts and over, 1 hp and over (2 digit FS) (see code
36212 X6) .......... . ..........................................
Uncased:
36211 6J Less than 2.87S Inch diameter ..................................
36211 6K 2. 875 to less than 3.188 inch diameter .........................
36211 6L 3.188 to less than 3.563 inch diameter .........................
36211 6M 3.S63 to less Chan 4.37S Inch diameter .........................
4.375 inch diameter and over:
36211 6N Less than 746 watts, under 1 hp (2 digit FS) .................
36212 6L 746 watts and over, 1 hp and over (2 digit FS) (see code
36212 X6) [[[
Permanent magnet (brushes) .........................................
Servo:
36211 8F Less Chan 2.0 inch diameter ....................................
36211 8C 2.0 to less than 4.0 inch diameter .............................
36211 8H 4.0 inch diameter and over .................................. ...
Non-servo:
36211 81 Less than 2.0 inch diameter ....................................
36211 8J 2.0 to less than 4.0 inch diameter .............................
36211 8K 4.0 inch diameter and over .....................................
Wound field:
36211 8L Less than 2.0 inch diameter ....................................
36211 8H 2.0 to less than 4.0 Inch diameter .............................
36211 8N 4.0 inch diameter and over .....................................
Electronically commutated ........................................
Stepper:
36211 91 Less than 3 inch diameter ....................................
36211 92 3 inch diameter and over .....................................
All other:
Servo:
36211 93 Less Chan 4.375 Inch dlaaeter ..............................
36211 94 4.375 Co less than 5.375 Inch diameter .....................
36211 95 5.375 inch diameter and over ...............................
36211 96 Non-servo [[[
36212 — Integral horsepower (excluding hermeclcs and other rocaclng equipment)...
36212 04 Used In aircraft and spacecraft (exclude generators) ...................
All other uses:
A.c. (non-comnu taced) ............. .. ......................... . ..... ..
Motors [[[
Single phase:
36211 1U Less Chan '46 waccs, under 1 hp (3 digit FS) (see code
36211 X2) [[[
36212 12 '46 waccs and over. 1 hp and over (3 digit FS) .................
36212 X4 ' 746 waccs and over. I hp and over (2 digit FS) .................
Polyphase Induction (exclude synchronous) ........................
All oocors, Including engery efficient (EE) ....................
36211 IX Less Chan 0.746 waccs, less than 1 hp (3 digit FS) (see code
36211 X)) [[[
36212 X5 '46 vaccc and over. I hp and over (2 digit FS) ...............
J62I2 15 0.746 co 3.371 kW, I through 5 hp ............................
36212 16 3. '31 to less Chan 14.921 Kw. greater than 5 through 20 hp...
See footnotes at end o( table.
(HA)
8
2
3
6
(NA)
45
12
(NA)
17
11
11
1
(NA)
7
10
5
7
(NA)
1
2
5
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
3
10
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1
(NA)
15
ID
1,502
732
141
247
(4)
331
(«)
29,097
28,746
349
17,909
3.007
1,224
116
(0)
(4)
5,403
7,932
(0)
(4)
10,560
2.833
16
6,910
166
635
628
320
(D)
(0)
7.039,978
10.905
4,140,416
2.111,211
(2)
K', 63'
1.963,574
1.943,021
1.947.691
(2)
350,879
889.804
482,469
114,041
40,690
14,695
8,662
22,758
(4)
27,236
(4)
613,097
349.591
263,506
339,244
42,559
24,310
6,665
(D)
45.586
157,815
(0)
(4)
232,526
55,528
10.026
124.237
22,88-2
19.853
41,327
23,550
6,333
(D)
(0)
1,596,915
38.597
1,286. '29
140,326
(2)
33,116
10'. 210
914,898
945,248
(2)
3'. 3"
142.880
151.120
1.670
927
135
23
246
(4)
339
26,899
26.532
366
16,680
3,575
1,263
88
(D)
(4)
4,323
7.279
(D)
(4)
9.658
1,921
20
6,759
203
'55
561
351
(D)
(0)
7,026.382
12,'42
4,209,125
2.202,929
(2)
148.437
2.054,492
1.912.999
1.917.818
(2)
379,541
"1.5)9
553,496
108.634
44,743
11.956
2.971
22.068
(4)
26,896
(4)
600,175
333,768
266,407
316,188
42,265
24,373
5,029
(0)
(4)
37,'28
149,047
(D)
(4)
244,153
48,013
10,949
132,906
29.051
23.234
-------
Table 2. QOAHTITT AND VALOE Of SaiPMEaTTS OF MOTOtS MO CERERAXOtS: 1991 AMD 1990—Continued
(Value la thouaaode of dollar.)
Product
code
Product description
Number
of
companies
1991
Quantity
Value
1990
Quantity
Value
Integral horsepower (excluding herMtlca and other
rotating equipment—Continued
All other use*—Continued
A.c. (non-coesvltated)—Continued
Motors-Continued
Polyphase Induction (exclude aynchronoua)—Continued
All Botora, Including engery efficient (EE)—Continued
36212 1? 14.921 to leaa than 37.301 kW, greater than 20 through
50 hp
36212 18 37.301 to leaa than 74.601 kU, greater than SO through
100 hp
36212 19 74.601 to leaa than 149.201 kW, greater than 100 through
200 hp
36212 20 149.601 kW to leaa than 373.001 kU. greater than 200 through
500 hp
36212 27 373.001 to leaa than 746.001, greater than 500 through
1,000 hp
36212 28 746.001 to leaa than 1,865.001 kU, greater than 1,000 through
2,500 hp
36212 29 1,865.001 kU and over, greater than 2,500 hp
Energy efficient motors (Included In product code 36212 15-
36212 19 above)
36212 2K 0.746 to 3.371 kU, 1 through 5 hp
36212 2L 3.731 to less than 14.921 kW, greater than 5 through 20 hp
36212 2H 14.921 to leaa than 37.301 kU, greater than 20 through 50 hp
36212 2N 37.301 to less than 74.601 kW, greater than 50 through 100 hp....
36212 2P 74.601 to less than 149.201 kU, greater than 100 through
200 hp
Synchronous (aervo and non-servo).........................*..-.*...
36212 31 Less than 149.201 VH through 200 hp
36212 32 149.201 and over, over 200 hp
A..C. generators (for Internal conbustlon engines)....
36212 36 Less than 1.5 kva
36212 37 1.5 to leas than 5 kva
36212 38 5 to leas than 15 kva
36212 39 15 to leas than 40 kva
36212 41 40 to less than 75 kva
36212 42 75 to less than 200 kva •-
36212 43 200 to less than 375 kva
36212 44 375 to less than 750 kva
36212 45 750 to less thsn 1,250 kva
36212 46 1,250 to leas than 2,500 kva
36212 47 2,500 to less Chan 10,000 kva
36212 48 10,000 kva and over
D.c. notors and generators (exclude all arc welding and battery
charging generatora for Internal combustion engines)..............
Motors and generators:
0.746 to less than 3.375 kv, 1 through 5 lip:
36212 61 Permanent magnet.................................................
36212 62 Wound field ...
36212 63 Other (includea univeraal and electric cosmtated)
36212 X6 746 watts and over, 1 hp snd over (2 digit PS)
36212 64 3.731 to less than 14.921 kW, greater than 5 through 20 hp
36212 65 14.921 to lesa than 74.601 kU, greater than 20 through 100 hp..
36212 66 74.601 to less than 149.201 kW, greater than 100 through 200 hp
32612 67 149.201 kU Co less thsn 373.001 kU, greater than 200 through
500 hp
36212 68 373.001 kU and over, greater than 500 hp
36213 — Motors and generators for Isnd transportstlon (including those used in
associated control equipment).
36213 01 Used for trolley cars, trolley coachea, rapid transit cara, trolley
locomotives, third-rail locomotives, multiple unit cars for railway
service, and mining locomotives
56213 21 Used for gasoline-electric snd dlesel-electrlc buses, trucks, locomo-
tives, and rail cars
36213 41 All other types of Isnd transportation
36214 — Prime mover generator sets, except steam or hydraulic turbine and
electric motor-driven generator sets
Cas/gasollne engine-driven generstor sets, a.c. and d.c. output
36214 0] Under 1.5 kva
36214 04 1.5 to less thsn 5 kva
36214 05 5 to less than 15 kva
36214 07 15 to less than 50 kva
36214 08 SO to less than 100 kva
36214 10 100 to less than 300 kva
36214 12 5UO to less than I.000 kva
36214 13 1,000 kva and over
Diesel engine-driven generator sets, a.c- and d.c. output........
36214 41 Under 15 kva
36214 42 15 to less than 50 kva
36214 43 50 to less than 100 kva
36214 4« 100 to less than 200 kva
36214 45 200 to less than 400 kva
36214 46 400 to less than 600 kva
36214 47 600 to less than SOO kva
36214 48 800 to less than 1.000 kva
36214 49 1.000 to less than 2.000 kva
36214 50 2,000 to less than 3.000 kva
See footnotes at end of table.
1}
(NA)
8
8
8
8
8
(NA)
4
4
(NA)
3
6
14
8
7
7
6
6
4
4
4
(NA)
8
2
(NA)
7
3
3
2
3
(NA)
3
4
(NA)
(NA)
8
21
23
19
14
12
5
2
(NA)
22
27
30
29
28
20
19
15
15
7
132,852
39,687
29,521
15,670
2,139
253,848
61,657
131.106
39,740
13,124
8,221
4,670
4,670
76,844
36,930
10,956
12,827
7,311
6,617
2,203
2,888,657
.2,700,154
63,861
114,367
10,275
535,401
535.401
343,317
298.939
240,899
48,354
4,957
4,186
457
86
44,378
16.236
5,863
4.569
4.646
6.238
2.179
1.285
1.024
1.4)0
118,621
90,782
117,976
164,095
90,047
146,190
34,041
40,131
27,014
22.358
22,646
30,350
30,350
170.805
14,710
19,210
43,878
21,021
36,833
35,153
271,589
103,893
14,469
46,453
106,774
198,645
198,645
1,139,465
259.685
123,132
66,283
23,894
15,875
8.601
21,900
879,780
85.551
48.842
46.333
68.509
170.271
76.481
66.3)2
78.524
H.7.JOl
126,993
35,179
28,546
15.593
2,109
235,554
57,710
125,687
31,784
12,620
7,753
4,819
4,819
83,559
43,259
9,102
14,667
7,741
6,747
2,043
2,804,Sis
2,658.223
39,506
96,310
10,476
537,880
537,880
351,710
315.339
258,374
47.231
5,431
4,037
208
58
36,371
I I, I 38
",.914
4.05«
5.243
5.101
1.559
I. 178
981
1 .204
104.724
78,077
112,708
159,573
83.557
139,161
30,878
38,595
27,625
21,221
20,842
33.566
33.566
175.115
15,595
16,486
45,989
23,119
38,390
35,536
267,512
106,538
10,074
44,908
105,992
195,425
991,905
260.826
133,474
66,780
23.329
17.189
7,828
12,226
7)1.079
66.061
37.891
47,274
74,048
141,804
50.860
53,619
61,014
127,987
D-47
-------
T*U* 2. QOABTITT AND MIDI Or SOUMX«n Or MOTOIS AMD CEMOAIOISl 1991 AMD 1990—CootlnMd
(Value In thouainila of dollar*)
. . .—
Product
cod*
36214 75
36217 8.9
36218 11
36217 21
36218 33
36218 34
36217 53
36217 57
36217 98
36218 98
36219 59
36219 95
Product description
Prlatt swver generator sets, except steam or hydraulic turbine and
electric »o tor-driven generator eeta — Continued
Dleeel engine-drlren generator seta, «.c. end d.c. output — Continued
Duel fuel (oil and gu) engine-driven generator aeta, a.c. and d.c.
output:
Other generator set unit* excluding electric motor-driven generator
Electric motor-driven generator aete, other rotating equipment, and parta
Electric BO tor-driven generator aeta (Including dynasxttora, converter*,
Inverter*, and frequency changera):
Synchro convertera and double current generator*. 746 watta or more. .
A.c* and d.c. output rated at 746 watts or more:
A.c. output, bae«d on Che rating of the largest a.c. generator:
D.c. output, based on the rating of the largest d.c. generator;
Other rotating equipment:
Rate generators, resolvers, and combinations (less than 746 watta).
All hermetic motors:
" ' •
All other rotating equipment:
of
coapaalea
3
I
I
8
4
(NA)
3
9
15
8
3
I
12
4
6
8
7
(NA)
15
8
52
19
Quantity
5608
(*>
(5>
(X)
2,414
13,649
} 10.248
X 7,«
>• 720
} 234, 924
8 805
7 915
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
91
Value
S7 1.636
(*)
(5)
1 127 OS6
9,101
5,027
40,609
29,634
92,028
203 849
265 273
24 454
43.176
413,905
129 623
25,342
258 940
19
Quantity1
5995
(6)
(5)
(X)
2,563
24,169
1 1 , 634
1,314
244,074
78 227
6 863
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
90
Value
S70,52l
(*)
<5>
1 098 809
9,422
7,217
48,016
26,311
90,057
183 423
240 545
30 733
34,694
428,391
126 338
29,077
272 976
- Represents rero* (D) Data withheld to avoid disclosing figure* for Individual companies. FS « frame sice. (NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
The unit of measure shown for Fractional horsepower (excluding heroetics and other rotating equipment) is in thousands of units and Integral
horsepower (excluding heroetics and other rotating equipment) in number of units*
?Data are included in produce class 36211.
^Data for SIC 36211 1U are Included In 36211 IS.
-Data are included in product class 36212.
'Data for dual fuel generator sets (over 2,000 kU) includes figures for other generator set units.
Figures for code 35111 90 covering gas turbine-driven generator sets are not Included in any of the total figures to avoid disclosing the
operations of individual companies.
'The unit of measure for this data is in number of units.
D-48
-------
Table 3. QOAJJIITT AM) VAUJt OF TOTAL SHlmMTS AM) imSHUtt TUMFUS OF tBTOIS AHD CS«lATOtS. AMD QOAHm OT HOTOtS AND CENEIATOKS
FIODUCm AMD IMCOIFOIATED INTO OTBM flOODCM AT THE SAME ESTABLXSBOIR: 1991 AND 1990
(Quantity in thousand* of unite; value, In thousand* of dollar*)
Product
coda
3621
36211 —
36212 —
36212 00
36212 XX
36213 —
36214 —
36217 —
36218 —
36219 —
3621
36211 —
36212 —
36212 00
36212 XX
36213 —
3621* —
36217 —
36218 —
Product daacciptloa
1991
Hotora aad generators:
Alternating current:
Electric motor generator aeta and other rotating equipment (including hermetic*)
Electric motor generator eeta and other rotating equipment (including heraetlce)
u a power ng
1990
ttotora and generatora:
Integral horaepower motora aad generatora (excluding henaetlca)--..**
Alternating current:
Prlme'mover generator aeta (except steam and hydraulic turbine)**. ......*......•
Electric motor generator teta and other rotating equipment (including hermetic*)
Electric motor generator aeta and other rotating equipment (including heraetica)
f A
Total ahipaanta.
Including laterplant
traaafara
Quantity
282,890
7.040
1,592
5,448
535
343
(X)
(X)
(X)
292,579
7,026
1,533
5,493
538
352
(X)
(X)
(X)
Value
3.584,184
1,596.915
877.521
719.394
198,645
1.139,465
325,358
387,793
413.905
3,698,323
1,568.326
830,572
737.754
195,425
991,905
311,430
358,988
428,391
XntarplaQt transfers
Quantity
63,188
2.490
11
2,479
} '"
4,240
(D)
(X)
74,495
2,441
6
2,435
I 170
4,968
(D)
(X)
Value
782,662
58.228
9,409
48,819
8,533
49,488
\ 67,480
877,732
55,727
4,641
51,086
17,064
44,575
I 69,824
m
•nd^i
porma
(quantity)
10,663
1,199
9
1.190
(D)
(D)
(D)
13.269
1.085
4
1,081
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D) Data withheld to avoid disclosing figures for Individual companies.
(X) Not applicable.
D-49
-------
Table 4. OOWA1I8MI OF VALORS OF SHUHSm, IKLDOIK IROFLAH TIMSFIIS. Of MOTOIS ADD CORUIOIS. AS
H THE MA36H, TBS 1990 AHTOAL SCOTT OF MAKuTACTUtKS, AK) THE 19(7 CttSOS OF MAmjFACTOIES
(Value In thouasnds of dollar!)
Product
code
3621
36211
36212
36213
36214
36217
36218
36219
36210 00
36210 02
Product description
Land transportation notors, generator* t and control equipment
Prlstt Mover generators sets, except steasi or hydraulic turbine..
Motor-generator sets and other rotating equipment (integral)....
Motors and generators a.a.k. , typically for estsblishsents with
Motors and generatora n.s.k. , typically for eatabllahnenta vlth
«p oy
1990
MA36B
(MA)
3.698.3
1.568.3
195.4
991.9
311.4
359.0
428.4
} "'
Annual Survey
of Manufactures
Value
7,846.3
3,519.0
1.687.4
201.7
983.5
259.8
325.2
483.2
386.7
Standard
error of
estimates
1
2
2
5
1
1
1
4
2
1987
MA36H
(NA)
3,493.8
1,249.7
228.6
779.4
248.7
282.2
r479.6
CO
Census of
Manufactures
6,982.9
3,479.0
1.293.5
233.1
787.7
237.9
296.8
535.0
{ "-
L 92.0
Note: In the census of aanufActure*. •hlpaents d«ta for ««t«bli«h.««nc* of ••all •ingle-unit conpiniec with up to five enployee* were estimated
fron administrative records data rather than data actually collected fro* respondents. Employment cutoffs used for administrative records were
developed for each industry, and shipments figures are included in codea ending with "002." In both the 1987 and 1982 Censuses of Manufacture*.
products not completely identified on standard foras vere coded in appropriate product classes (five-digits) followed by "00" or. in some cases,
in appropriate product groups (four-digits) followed by "000."
(NA) Not available.
1
n.s.k. Not specified by kind.
Revised by 5 percent or more from previously published figures.
Available only from the annual survey of manufactures and the census of manufactures. Host of these data are derived from administrative
records. See note above.
D-50
-------
table s. saimnm, szrom, IMPOSTS. AMD APPAUKT ooHswrno* or tfrtota AMD CBBUIOIS: 1991 am i»90
(Quantity In thousanda of onlt«; vain* la $1,000)
Product
codel
36211
36212.)
36214
36217 8.9
36211
36212.3
36214
36217 8,9
Product description _
1991
Fractional boraepower Motor* and
Integral horeepower aotora and generatora...
Prime mover generator aeta, except iteu
Caa/gaeollne driven:
5 kva and over (36214 05-09)
Dleael engine-driven:
400 kva to lea* than 1,000 kva
Electric motor-driven generator aeta.
heraetica. other rotating equipaent.
and parta:
generatora, and electric motor-driven
generator aeta (36217 21. 36218 11-36)...
Other rotating equipaent (36217 S3. 57,
1990
Fractional horaepover notora and
Integral horeepouer motora and generators. . .
or hydraulic and electric motor driven:
Gas/gasoline driven:
Diesel engine-driven:
400 kva to lesa than 1 ,000 kva
heraetica, other rotating equipment.
and parts:
generators, and electric motor-driven
Other rotating equipment (36217 S3, 57,
Parts for all electric motors and
generators (36219 59-95)6
Manufacturer '
ahlpaenta
Quantity
282.890
7.57S
241
57
38
59
(X)
17
16,720
(X)
(X)
292,579
7,564
258
57
30
49
(X)
28
15,090
(X)
(X)
Value
f.o.b.
plant
3.584,182
1.795,560
123,132
106,052
419,506
388,638
(X)
43,762
469,122
159,658
413.905
3,698,323
1,763.751
133,474
107,298
367.078
293,480
(X)
42,950
423,968
155,484
428,391
Exporta of
doses tic
•erchandlacl 2
Value
at
port
302,763
397,204
. 751,491
• 27,298
537,288
265,240
369,329
• 515,243
• 26.454
418,912
Estimated
produce ra '
valued
281,660
369,519
699,112
25,395
499,839
239,671
333,726
465,574
23.904
378.529
Percent
exporte to
aanufac-
turera*
shlpaenta
(value)
7.9
20.6
67.4
3.8
20.8
6.5
19.0
51.7
3.9
83.4
laporta
for
conauatp-
tlonl «
(value)
966,801
468,163
287,346
23,264
382,000
836,142
495,770
293,478
25,830
358,364
Apparent
conauap-
tloni
(value)
4,269,323
1,894,204
625, 552
670,411
296,066
4.294,794
1,925,795
729,234
624,328
408,226
Percent
laporta to
apparent
coaauaptlon
(value)
22.7
24.8
46.0
3.5
29.1
19.5
25.8
40.3
4.2
87.8
Note: Beginning In 1989. data for exports and imports are being classified under a new harmonized system for better comparabtlicy.
(X) Not applicable.
*For comparison of SIC-based product codes with Schedule B export numbers and HTSUSA Import numbers, see table 6. Includes duty.
^Source: Bureau of the Census Report, EM 5*5, U.S. Exportju
These values were derived by use of adjustment factors to exclude freight. Insurance, and ochcr charges Incurred In moving goods to the port of
export. This adjustment Is made to convert the values to an approximation of the producers' value of exported goods. Current adjustment factors art-
baaed on data for 1989 which are published In ^xpo^rj s J|£om JUn f ac t u r Ing Establls time n t tt ^ j^.Bjj.^ ,a PPS jy* _*.*- B.' The a
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Table 6. COMPARISON OF STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION-BASED PRODUCT CODES WITH
SCHEDULE B EXPORT NUMBERS, AND HTSUSA IMPORT NUMBERS: 1991
Produce
code!
36211
36212
36213
36214
36217
36218
36219
Produce description
lectrtc generating sees, rotating converters, and pares..
Export
nunber2
'8501.10.3000
8501.10.4040
8501.10.4060
8501.10.4080
8501.10.6020
8501.10.6040
8501.10.6060
8501.10.6080
• 8501.20.2000
8501.20.3000
8501.31.2000
8501.31.3000
8501.31.8000
8501.40.2040
8501.40.3040
8501.51.2040
8501.51.3040
'8501.20. 6000
8501.31.6000
8501.32.2000
8501.32.4000
8501.32.6000
8501.33.2000
8501.33.3000
8501.33.4040
8501.33.4060
8501.33.6000
8501.34.3000
8501.34.6000
8501.40.6040
' 8501.51.6040
8501.52.4000
8501.52.8000
8501.53.4000
8501.53.6000
8501.53.8040
8501.53.8060
8501.61.0000
8501.62.0000
8501.63.0000
8501.64.0020
8501.64.0030
. 8501.64.0050
8502.11.0000
8502.12.0000
8502.13.0020
8502.13.0040
8502.20.0040
8502.20.0080
8502.30.0000
8502.40.0000
8503.00.2000
8503.00.5000
8503.00.6040
8503.00.6060
Import
lumber^
8501.10.2000
8501.10.4020
8501.10.4040
8501.10.4040
8501.10.4060
8501.10.4080
8501.10.6040
8501.10.6060
8501.10.6080
8501.20.2000
8501.20.4000
8501.20.5000
8501.31.2000
8501.31.4000
8501.31.5000
8501.31.8000
8501.40.2040
8501.40.4040
8501.40.5040
8501.51.2040
8501.51.4040
8501.51.5040
8501.20.6000
8501.31.6000
8501.32.2000
8501.32.4020
8501.32.4040
8501.32.6000
8501.33.2040
8501.33.2080
8501.33.3000
8501.33.4040
8501.31.4060-
8501.33.6000
8501.34.3000
8501.34.6000
8501.40.6040
8501.51.6040
8501.52.4000
8501.52.8020
8501.52.8040
8501.53.4040
8501.53.4080
8501.53.6000
8501.53.8040
8501.53.8060
8501.61.0000
8501.62.0000
8501.63.0000
8501.64.0020
8501.64.0030
8501.64.0050
'8502.11.0000
8502.12.0000
8502.13.0020
'8502.13.0040
8502.20.0030
8502.20.0060
< 8502.00.0080
8502.30.0000
8502.40.0000
8503.00.2000
8503.00.4000
8503.00.6020
8503.00.6040
8503.00.6060
Detailed description of the SIC product codes appear In cable 2.
Source: 1991 edition. Harmonized System-Based Schedule B, Statistical Classification of
Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the United States.
•'Source: Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, Annotated (1991).
D-52
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10
DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY
Scope of Survey. This survey covers firms engaged in
the manufacture of electric motors and generators and
engine-driven generator sets in the United States.
Survey of Methodology. The statistics in this publica-
tion were collected by mail on Bureau of the Census
annual Form MA36H, Motors and Generators. The sur-
vey panel includes all known manufacturers of motors
and generators and engine-driven generator sets, approx-
imately 250 companies.
Reliability of Data. Survey error may result from several
sources: (1) inability to obtain information about all
cases in the survey; (2) response errors; (3) definitional
difficulties; (4) differences in the interpretation of ques-
tions; (5) mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained;
and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage,
and estimation for missing data. These nonsampling
errors also occur in complete censuses. Although no
direct measurement of the biases due to nonsampling
errors has been obtained, precautionary steps were
taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and
tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their
influence.
A major source of bias in the published estimates is
due to imputing data for nonrespondents, for late report-
ers, for small establishments not included in the mail
panel, and for data which fail logic edits. Missing figures
are imputed based on yearly movements shown by
reporting firms. Imputation generally is limited to a max-
imum of 10 percent for any one data cell. Figures with
imputation rates greater than 10 percent are footnoted.
The imputation rate is not an explicit indicator of the
potential error in published figures due to nonresponse
because the actual yearly movements for nonrespon-
dents may or may not closely agree with the imputed
movements. The range of difference between the actual
and imputed figures is not precisely known but is assumed
to be small. The degree of uncertainty regarding the
accuracy of the published data, however, increases as
the percentage of imputation increases. Figures with
imputation rates above 10 percent should be used with
caution.
Revisions to Previous Period Data. Statistics for previ-
ous years may be revised as the result of corrected data
from respondents, late reports for which imputations
were made as described above, or other corrections.
Figures which have been revised by more than 5 percent
from previously published figures are indicated by foot-
notes.
Revisions include changes to prior period data result-
ing from reconciliation of the results of this survey with
the 1987 Census of Manufactures to correct differences
in reported data between the two series and to identify
and verify new establishments included in the scope
this survey. Table 4 presents a comparison of data fn
the two series by census product class following
reconciliation.
Adjustment for Price Change. All dollar figures included
in this publication are in current dollars; i.e., they have
not been adjusted for price change.
EXPLANATION OF TERM*
Quantity and Value of Shipments. The figures on quan-
tity and value of shipments represent physical shipments
of all products sold, transferred to other establishments
of the same company, or shipped on consignment,
whether for domestic or export sale. The value repre-
sents the net sales price, f.o.b. plant, to the customer or
branch to which the products are shipped, net of dis-
counts, allowances, freight charges, and returns. Ship-
ments to a company's own branches are assigned the
same value as comparable sales to unaffiliated custom-
ers; i.e., the value includes an appropriate allocation of
company overhead and profit. Products bought and
resold without further manufacture are excluded.
COMPARISON OF EXPORT, IMPORT, AND
DOMESTIC OUTPUT DATA
The trade comparisons shown in this report should be
considered only as approximations. Several problems
prevent precise comparisons among imports, exports,
and domestic output. These problems include the fol-
lowing:
• Export and import comparisons do not account for the
origin of materials used to manufacture the finished
product. Domestic output includes any goods that
undergo substantial transformation into a finished
product in the U.S., even if the goods are partially
constructed abroad or are constructed of imported
materials.
• There will be a lag between the time a producer makes
or ships a product and the time it is actually exported
Similarly, there may be a lag between the time a
product is imported and when it enters into US.
distribution channels.
• The basic structures of these classification systems
differ. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) sys
tem used for domestic output was developed mcl
pendently of the Harmonized System (HS) used
classify imports and exports. The level of detail p'
vided by the different systems varies substantially.
reflecting their different objectives. For example, ihct ••
are a number of imported commodities that h.ivo n<>
comparable domestic output classification.
D-53
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11
• Because producers' shipments of some commodities
may be used as materials for incorporation into other
commodities, combinations of domestic output data
for such commodities may contain some duplication.
• Import and export data reflect the movement of mer-
chandise into and out of U.S. foreign trade zones, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and the U.S. customs territory of
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto
Rico. Domestic output reflects activity in the 50 States
and, only if specified, in Puerto Rico.
• Import and export data generally do not distinguish
between new, used or rebuilt commodities.
• The valuations of the three data sets differ. Domestic
output is valued at the point of production. It includes
the net sales price, f.o.b. plant after discounts and
allowances, and excludes freight charges and excise
taxes. Exports are valued at the point of exportation.
Export value inludes the net sales price or value, and
inland freight, insurance and other charges to the
export point. Imports are valued at the first port of
entry in the United States. They include the cost,
insurance, freight, duty, and other charges to the
import point.
• Detailed commodity information is not included for
individual export or import shipments at or below a
certain dollar limit. This dollar limit is $2,500 for exports
and $1,250 for imports, except for import of textiles
and textile products, gloves, footwear, and miscella-
neous rubber and plastics products, where the limit is
$250.
Historical data are also available on microfiche. For
further information contact the Bureau of the Census,
Data User Services Division, 301-763-4100.
RELATED REPORTS
The Bureau of the Census publishes the following
related reports:
Series Frequency Title
Current Industrial Reports
MQ35D Quarterly Construction Machinery
MA35A
MA35F
MA35L
MA36F
Annually
Annually
Annually
Annually
Other Industry Reports
M3-1
(AS)
(MC)
Monthly
Annually
Quin-
quennially
Farm Machinery and Lawn
and Garden Equipment
Mining Machinery and Min-
eral Processing Equipment
Internal Combustion Engines
Major Household Appliances
Manufacturers' Shipments,
Inventories, and Orders
Annual Survey of Manufac-
tures (ASM)
Census of Manufactures
HISTORICAL NOTE
Data on motors and generators have been collected
by the Bureau of the Census since 1960. Historical data
may be obtained from Current Industrial Reports avail-
able at your local Federal Depository Library. A list of
these libraries may be obtained from the Bureau of the
Census regional offices:
Office
Atlanta, Georgia
Boston, Massachusetts
Charlotte, North Carolina
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Kansas City, Kansas
Van Nuys, California
New York, New York
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Seattle, Washington
Telephone
404-730
617-223
304-344
312-353
214-767
303-969
313-354-
913-236-
818-904-
212-264-
215-597-
206-728-
-3833
2327
•6142
•6251
•0621
•6750
•4654
3728
6339
4730
8313
5314
Foreign Trade Reports
CD-ROM Monthly/ '
Annually
FT 447 Annually
CD-ROM Monthly/
Annually
FT 247 Annually
U.S. Exports—Schedule 8-
Commodity by Country
U.S. Imports for
Consumption—HTSUSA —
Commodity by Country
CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS
Subject Area Contact
Current Industrial Robert Wright
Report MA36H
Classifications
Systems
Comparability
Foreign Trade
Census/ASM
Francis
McCormick
(ESD)
Trade Data
Inquiries Staff
(FTD)
Tom Lee
Phone Number
301-763
301-763 1
301-763 S
301-'/I',! •
D-54
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U.S. Department of Commerce
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Washington, D.C. 20233
Official Business
Penalty for Priwat* UM. $300
FIRST-CLASS MAIL
POSTAGES FEES PAID
CENSUS
PERMIT No. G-58
Subject Area
International
Trade
Administration
International
Trade
Commission
To order a
Current Industrial
Report
To subscribe to a
Census Bureau
publication
Contact
Dick Whitley
John T.
Cutchin, Jr.
Phone Number
202-377-0682
202-523-0231
Superintendent 202-783-3238
of Documents
(GPO)
Superintendent 202-512-2303
of Documents
(GPO)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared in the Industry Division.
Bureau of the Census, under the direction of Thomas
Flood, Chief, Current Durables Branch, and Kenneth
McBeth, Chief, Electrical and Electronics Section.
Robert Wright was directly responsible for the review of
the data and preparation of the report. Roger H
Bugenhagen, Acting Chief of the Division, and Robert N
Tinari, Assistant Chief for Current Industrial Reports.
provided overall direction and coordination to this project
D-55
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Jack Faucett Associates - 444-1 February 1993
APPENDIX E:
LISTING OF EQUIPMENT TYPES
INCLUDED IN ENGINDATA
Source: PSR
EPA/OAR Nonroad Mobile Source Sales and Attrition Study:
Identification and Evaluation of
Available Data Sources — Final Report
-------
MARKET SEGMENT/APPLICATION CODES IN PSR'S
ENGINDATA AND AFTERMARKET DATABASES
5*fr
Code Sftgmtnt
HW HIGHWAY
LG LAWN & GARDEN
••
MR MARINE
MH MATERIAL HANDLING
OT OTHER
PC PUMPS & COMPRESSORS
APP
Coda
8
7
87
5
6
1
2
3
4
70
67
88
66
65
63
76
82
96
56
59
53
75
51
99
50
79
64
18
19
16
52
83
54
86
15
78
10
89
85
58
1 1
Application
BUSES
CARS
MOTOR HOME CHASSIS
TRUCK CL 1 & 2
TRUCK CL 3 a 4
TRUCK CL 5
TRUCK CL 6
TRUCK CL 7
TRUCK CL 8
CHAINSAWS *
COMM TURF •
FRONT MOWERS •
LEAF BLOW/VACS *
LN MOWERS *
LN/GDN TRACTORS •
OTHER LN GDN *
REAR ENG RIDER *
SHREDDERS *
SNOWBLOWER *
TILLERS *
TRIM/EDGE/CUTTER *
WOOD SPLTR *
MARINE COM
OUTBOARD ENGINES
POWERBOATS
SAILBT AUX
AERIAL LIFTS *
FORKLIFTS *
OTH MAT HD *
TERMINAL TRACTORS *
DIST LOOSE
EXPORTS CKO
EXPORTS - LOOSE ENG
EXPORTS - MARINE ENG
TACT MIL EQUIP
VEHICLE REPWR
AIR COMPRESSORS *
GAS COMPRESSORS •
HYD POWER UNIT •
PRES WASHERS •
PUMPS *
-------
MARKET SEGMENT/APPLICATION CODES IN PSR'S
ENGINDATA AND AFTERMARKET DATABASES
Sto *«** ^ 2* - Applied
AG AGRICULTURAL 98
55
45
49
47
44
46
69
48
CN CONSTRUCTION 41
37
• 57
22
27
31
60
28
24
30
68
40
36
35
61
39
84
32
33
29
25
38
95
43
42
13
Gl GENERAL INDUSTRIAL 81
26
77
34
20
12
74
90
14
80
21
62
23
2-WHEEL TRACTORS *
AG MOWERS *
AG TRACTOR *
BALERS *
COMBINES *
IRRG SETS
OTH AG/EO *
SPRAYERS •
SWATHERS •
ASPH PAVER *
BORE/DRILL RIGS *
CEM/MTR MIXERS *
CNCRTE PAV *
CRANES *
CRWLR TRTR •
DUMPERS/TENDERS *
EXCAVATORS •
FELLER/8UNCHER *
GRADERS •
OFF-HWY TRACTORS *
OFF-HWY TRUCK *
OTHER CONST *
PAVINGEQ*
PLATE COMPACTORS *
ROLLERS *
ROUGH TRN FORKLFTS *
RAT DOZER *
R/T LOADER *
SCRAPERS •
SKIDDERS *
S/S LOADER •
TAMPERS/RAMMERS •
TRAC/LDR/BCKHOE •
TRENCHERS *
UNDRGND MINE EQUIP
AIRCRAFT SUPPORT •
CHIPPERS/GRINDERS *
CONCRETE/IND SAWS •
CRUSH/PROC EQUIP *
LOCOMOTIVE
OIL FLO EQ
OTH GEN INDUST •
PUMP JACKS
REFRIGERATION/AC
RLWY MAINT
SCRUB/SWPR *
SPEC VEH/CARTS *
SURFACING EQUIP •
E-2
-------
MARKET SEGMENT/APPLICATION CODES IN PSR'S
ENGINDATA AND AFTERMARKET DATABASES
s«g
Code S»flrrten*
RP REC PRODUCTS
WG WELDERS & GENERATORS
APP
Code
91
94
93
92
71
9
.73
72
17
Application
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES *
GOLF CARTS *
MINI-BIKES *
OFF-ROAD MOTORCYCLES *
SNOWMOBILE *
GENTR SETS *
LT PLANTS
SIGNAL BRD *
WELDERS *
E-3
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