EPA/AA/CTAB/91-02
Technical Report
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends Through 1991
by
Robert M. Heavenrich
J. Dillard Murrell
Karl H. Hellman
May 1991
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
They are intended to present technical analysis of issues using.,data which are
currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate
the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical
developments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position or
regulatory action.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Mobile Sources
Emission Control Technology Division
Control Technology and Applications Branch
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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CONTENTS
Page
I. Summary 1
II. Introduction 1
III. GeneralCar and Truck Trends 2
IV. Distributions of MPG Data 3
V. Best-in-Class Analysis 4
VI. Engines 6
VII. Vehicle Utility Measures ._ 7
VIII. Trends by Vehicle Size 8
IX. Trends by Market Segment 9
X. Conclusions 12
XI. Acknowledgment 12
XII. References 13
Tables 15
Figures 48
Appendix A - Vehicle Classification Convention 62
Appendix B - Average MPG Values by 1991 Nameplate 64
Appendix C - Best-in-Class MPG Role Models, 1990 70
Appendix D - Best-in-Class Weight Mixes 74
Appendix E - Characteristics of Cars by Weight Class 75
Appendix F - Characteristics of Trucks by Weight Class 87
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN 48105
M«T 20 I99!
OFFICE OF
AIR AND RADIATION
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: Exemption From Peer and Administrative Review
FROM: Karl H. Hellman, Chief
Control Technology and Applications Branch
TO: Charles L. Gray, Jr., Director
Emission Control Technology Division
The attached report entitled, "Light-Duty Automotive
Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1991," (EPA/AA/CTAB/91-
02) examines trends in light-duty automotive technology and fuel
economy for model years 1975 through 1991. Comparisons are made
with previous year's data for the fleet as a whole, and for number
of cylinders, vehicle size class, weight class, and market segment
(Domestic, European, and Asian).
Since this report is concerned only with the presentation of
data and its analysis and does not involve matters of policy or
regulation, your concurrence is requested to waive administrative
review according to the policy outlined in your directive of April
22, 1982.
Concurrence : s _ Date
_
Charles L. Gra^,yrfr^//(Dir. , ECTD
Nonconcurrence: Date
Charles L. Gray, Jr., Dir., ECTD
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I- Summary
This, the twenty-first in this series of papers and reports,
examines trends in light-duty vehicle fuel economy and technology
usage through model year 1991.
II- Introduction
Light-duty automotive technology and fuel economy trends are
examined herein, as in preceding papers in this series,[1-23]*
using the latest and most complete EPA data available. The source
database was frozen in mid-March 1991.
Through model year 1989, all data are "final CAFE" data. For
1990, final CAFE data was available for some, but not all
manufacturers. For model year 1991, fuel economy label data were
used. For those manufacturers for which "final" data are
unavailable, label data sales volumes have been adjusted to agree
with post-label (but pre-"final") information reported to the
Department of Transportation and in trade publications.
The MPG data in this series and this paper are unadjusted data
values, with no correction factors for laboratory to on-road
shortfall or "test procedure adjustment." Where only one MPG value
is presented, it is 55/45 combined MPG. All vehicle weight data
are based on inertia weight class (nominally curb weight plus 300
Ibs). The light truck data in this paper include vehicles
classified as light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings
(GVWR) up to 8,500 Ibs for all years shown.
Vehicle classification as to vehicle type, size class and
manufacturer/origin generally follows fuel economy label, Gas
Mileage Guide, and CAFE protocols; exceptions are listed in
Appendix A. In some passenger car tables, Large Sedans and Wagons
are aggregated as "Large," Midsize Sedans and Wagons are aggregated
as "Midsize," and "Small" includes all other cars. Pickups, Vans
and Utility Trucks are sometimes each subdivided as "Small," and
"Large." The truck classification scheme used in this paper is
explained in reference 14.
Appendix B lists the model year 1991 nameplates and their
average MPG as of the data freeze date.
This paper includes an estimate of 0 to 60 MPH acceleration
time, calculated from engine rated horsepower and vehicle inertia
weight, as in reference 24. This provides a quantitative "index"
of vehicle performance capability.
Numbers in brackets denote references listed at the end of
the text.
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III. General Car and Truck Trends
Table 1 gives characteristics of passenger cars, light
trucks, and all light-duty vehicles (cars and light trucks) for
model years 1975 to 1991.
Sales-weighted 55/45 fuel economy for cars peaked at 28.6 in
1988. Passenger car fuel economy improved nearly 9 MPG between
1975 and 1981, improved less than 4 MPG between 1981 and 1988, and
has since decreased about 1 MPG to 27.8 the past two years. Other
changes since 1988, responsible for this declining MPG trend,
include increases in inertia weight, horsepower, and engine size.
Similarly, light truck MPG peaked in 1987 at 21.6. Between
1975 and 1981, truck fuel economy improved about 6 MPG, compared to
an improvement of only 1.5 MPG between 1981 and 1987. This year's
light trucks achieve 0.2 MPG more than last year's, 20.8 MPG
compared to 20.6 MPG.
Light truck sales fraction has increased steadily for several
years. Over 33 percent of this year's light-duty vehicles will be
trucks compared to 29 percent last year and 19 percent in 1975. As
a result of this increase, average fuel economy for the combined
(car and truck) light-duty fleet, has declined for the third
consecutive year. As shown in Figure 1, this year's combined fleet
averages 25.0 MPG, the lowest level since 1985.
The import market share for cars has reached 40 percent. For
trucks, it has been as high as 30 percent but is now down below 18
percent.
Total sales in model year 1991 are projected to be 7.9
million cars and 4.0 million trucks. This is about as many cars as
were sold annually in 1982-83, but about twice as many trucks.
Considering only the sales and MPG values of cars and trucks, 1991
light trucks consume 40 percent of the car-truck fuel. When the
vehicle miles of travel differences [25] are accounted for, the
yearly light truck fuel consumption share increases to 44 percent
and when vehicle lifetime differences are factored in,[26] the
lifetime fuel consumed by 1991 light trucks increases to 46 percent
of the combined car and light truck fleet.
Average inertia weight for cars dropped 1,000 Ibs between 1975
and 1982, leveled off for a while, and has increased by over 150
Ibs since 1987. The light truck weight trend is similar.
Average engine size for cars and light trucks decreased
considerably between 1975 and 1987, by more than 125 CID for cars
and 100 CID for trucks. Since 1987, average displacements of both
car and truck engines have increased.
Average engine horsepower reached a minimum for cars in 1981-
82 and for trucks in 1983-84, and has risen consistently since.
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Average horsepower for cars has returned to its 1975 high even
though average car weight is now some 900 Ibs less. Average
horsepower for trucks surpassed its 1975 level three years ago and
continues to climb, while average truck weight has just about
returned to its 1975 level.
Power per CID has increased steadily and significantly over
the entire period; while advantage could have been taken of this to
reduce CID and improve fuel economy, the MPG improvement has been
foregone in favor of increased power (see Figure 2) . For both cars
and light trucks, power per CID and power per pound of vehicle have
set new records every year since 1981.
More than 98 percent of both this year's cars and trucks will
have fuel-injected engines, with nearly three-fourths of them port
fuel injected. On a percentage basis, there will be fewer
carbureted engines this year (0.6 percent), than there were Diesels
in 1985 (0.9 percent). Use of throttle body injection (TBI) peaked
at about 30 percent for cars in 1987 and 1988, and has since
dropped to about 17 percent. TBI usage for trucks has remained at
about 40-48 percent the past four years. Over half of this year's
trucks have port fuel-injected engines, about the same as last
year.
Four-wheel drive usage for trucks has more than doubled since
1979: over 37 percent of this year's light trucks will have four-
wheel drive, compared to 18 percent in 1979. Four-wheel drive
usage for cars peaked at 3.1 percent in 1983, and has remained at
about 1 percent since 1986.
IV. Distributions of MPG Data
Data such as those shown in Figure 3 are a time series of the
sales weighted averages of a substantial number of individual data
values. For any given model year there is always some interest in
the within-year distribution of the data. Most of the interest has
been in the portion of the distribution that exceeds the average
MPG. The information about MPG distributions is shown herein as a
time series. For each year, the sample weighted percentile
distribution of the data is used instead of sales weighting in
order to portray the distribution as a number of technical
offerings, not sales successes or failures.
Figure 4 illustrates each year's fuel economy distribution as
a series of points; connecting the common percentiles over time
yields several time series. If all the percentile MPG time series
were lines with zero slope, then there would exist a stable
population of MPG alternatives and the only way to change fleet
average MPG would be to change the relative proportions of the MPG
choices that existed, say, in 1975. At the other extreme, if the
percentile lines diverge from one another the range of MPG choices
has become larger with time.
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Figure 4 and Table 2 show that something between the flat
line and divergent possibilities actually happened. It appears
that each percentile has increased in MPG by about 50 percent since
1975. The distribution has broadened somewhat. Almost all cars
in 1975 were between 10 and 30 MPG. Now most cars span a 15 to 45
MPG range. Figure 4 and Table 2 also indicate that it took 5 to 6
years for the fleet average MPG to improve to the level of the base
year's 75+ and 85+ percentiles, while it took 13 years for the
average MPG to reach the base year's 95+ percentile value.
V. Best-In-Class Analysis
Because of interest in the high end of the MPG spectrum, this
portion of the database was examined in more detail. This analysis
was based on the higher MPG portions of the data in different
vehicle weight classes. Best-in-class analyses are not new: among
others, reference 20 included several types of best-in-size-class
analyses, showing that average fuel economy levels of 32 to 34 MPG
were feasible with then-current (now old) technology and no shifts
in the size class mix.
Methodology: The best-in-class analysis herein was done using
model year 1990 data as of Summer 1990 (that database has since
been updated). It was done on the basis of inertia weight class,
not vehicle size class, because best-in-size-class analysis
embodies the hypothesis of significant weight reductions, and an
approach was sought that keeps weight reduction to a reasonable
minimum.
The single best-MPG car, or MPG role model, in each class
might be viewed as an extreme case that other manufacturers are not
able to emulate; for example, in the 2,500 Ibs class, other
manufacturers may not be capable of matching the 42 MPG achieved by
Ford's Escort. Therefore, the analysis also includes cases for
best five in class and best dozen in class, and thus presents
varying degrees of technological emulation challenge in terms of 1,
5, or 12 MPG role models. Appendix C lists the twelve MPG role
models in each car and truck weight class. Some classes do not
contain twelve models.
By definition, when the mix of weight classes of the overall
fleet is retained, the "fleet" of weight class role models has the
same average weight as the overall fleet. To evaluate the fuel
economy potential of modest changes in the weight mix itself, two
alternate mixes were devised. Appendix D gives the car and truck
as-is and re-mixed weight distributions used.
To keep all variables in a higher-is-better framework, the
analysis represents vehicle performance in terms of a "top speed
index" instead of the zero-to-60 acceleration index used in the
rest of this report. The top speed index is a function of power-
to-weight ratio. For perspective's sake, because the top speed
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index is a newly introduced variable, Appendix D also includes the
calculated top speed indexes for all model years back to 1975.
Cars have an institutionalized utility measure—the interior
volume index—in the fuel economy regulation arena, whereas light
trucks use payload weight as the utility measure. Changes in these
utility measures were tracked in the analysis.
Results; The results of the analysis are given in Tables 3
through 6. In Table 3, the best-in-class 1990 passenger car
technology achieves 34.4 MPG (a 24 percent improvement) with no
change in the weight mix, with an 8 percent loss in cubic feet and
a 9 percent loss in top speed. About the same degree of MPG
improvement is achievable with best-five technology and a small
weight shift (6 percent drop in average weight), along with 7
percent losses in volume and top speed, or with best-dozen
technology and the larger weight shift (12 percent drop), and 8 or
9 percent losses in volume and speed. A 20 percent MPG gain is
achievable with best-dozen technology and the smaller weight shift.
The best-in-class 1990 technology combined with the larger
weight shift is capable of a 45 percent gain in passenger car MPG,
along with reductions of 12 or 13 percent in average weight,
volume, and top speed. Note that all of these fleets include Ford
Thunderbirds, Buick Station Wagons, and Rolls-Royces, with weights
in the two- to three-ton range. The best-five fleets include, in
addition, an assortment of Lincoln Continentals, Cadillacs,
Chrysler New Yorkers, and Mercedes-Benz; there is room for such
autos and higher average MPG.
Table 4 illustrates the values of Table 3 normalized to the
base case.
For trucks (Table 5), the best-in-class 1990 technology
achieves 25.9 MPG (a 23 percent improvement) with no weight mix
change (with no loss in payload and an 8 percent loss in top
speed); 26 MPG is achieved with best-five technology and the small
weight shift (6 or 7 percent losses in payload and top speed), or
with best-dozen technology and the larger weight shift (9 percent
payload loss, 6 percent speed loss); best-dozen technology and the
smaller weight shift achieve a 20 percent MPG gain.
Trucks can gain nearly one third in average MPG (taking them
up to the 1990 baseline passenger car MPG level, 27.8 MPG) with
1990 best-in-class technology combined with the larger weight
shift; this would entail an 11 percent drop in average inertia
weight, a 14 percent drop in payload weight, and a 9 percent drop
in top speed.
Table 6 lists the values in Table 5 normalized to the base
case. All of these truck fleets include Large Trucks and Vans
weighing two to three tons empty; there is room for Large Trucks
and higher average MPG.
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VI. Engines
Tables 7 through 13 describe 1975 to 1991 cars and light
trucks by number of cylinders. For cars, only 3-, 4-, 6- and
8-cylinder engines are shown because cars with other numbers of
cylinders (e.g. 2-, 5- and 12) have never accounted for more than
a percent or two of the fleet. In 1991, for example, cars with 3-,
4-, 6- and 8-cylinder engines account for 99.7 of the car fleet;
the remainder of the fleet consists of cars with other cylinder
counts. Similarly, only data for 4-, 6- and 8-cylinder engines are
shown for light trucks.
This year's 4-cylinder car engines have higher average
horsepower than 6-cylinder engines did in the late 1970s.
Similarly, 6-cylinder engines have more horsepower now than
8-cylinder engines had between 1978 and 1987 (Figure 2).
The sales fraction of 8-cylinder engines in cars (See Figure
5) dropped from about 60 percent in 1975-77 to about 12 percent in
1987 where it has remained. Use of 4-cylinder engines in cars
increased from about 20 percent in 1975-77, to a peak of 62 percent
in 1987, and has since decreased to 53 percent. The market share
of 6-cylinder engines has increased relatively steadily, from 19
percent in 1975 to 33.5 percent in 1991. These changes in market
share account from much of the recent change in average passenger
car engine size (see Figure 6). Average car engine size by number
of cylinders has changed very little for several years, much less
than the decreases that took place between 1975 and 1980 for
8-cylinder engine average CID, and between 1975 and 1986 for
6-cylinder engine average CID.
As shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, average 0 to 60 acceleration
index has decreased steadily and consistently across car classes
and for 4-, 6- and 8-cylinder car engines for several years. This
corresponds to the increases in average horsepower shown previously
(Figure 2), and HP/CID (Figure 10) that have occurred since 1981.
The market share for 3-cylinder engines has increased from 0.3
percent in 1985 to 1.6 percent this year. Currently, 3-cylinder
engines are used in the GEO Metro, the Hyundai Charade, the Suzuki
Swift, and the Subaru Justy. Average fuel economy for cars with
3-cylinder engines has decreased from 57.4 in 1985 to 46.8 this
year (Figure 11), but they still achieve nearly 20 MPG more than
the fleet average.
For each number-of-cylinders stratification, cars and light
trucks both achieve about the same fuel economy in 1991 as they did
in 1990. Average fuel economy for all of these engine sizes
remains at or below the level achieved in 1988.
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VII. Vehicle Utility Measures
There is growing interest in the incorporation of some measure
of vehicle utility into fuel economy standards. In this context,
J. E. Elliot, former Chief of Engineering at Chrysler Canada,
shared with the authors a revealing and meaningful approach to the
concept of "volume-average fuel economy," or VAFE. Using data from
reference 23, Elliot observed that the average fuel consumption of
the Sedan classes forms a perfectly straight line against interior
volume, and the fuel consumption of the Station Wagon classes forms
a different straight line; the implication is that there are two
basic types of passenger vehicle, each type having a unique linear
fuel consumption/volume relationship, with all of the subclasses
within each type sharing that relationship.
Figure 12 illustrates. Subcompacts through Large Sedans share
a common slope, and all Station Wagons share a common (different)
slope. Minicompacts do not fit the pattern of the other Sedan
classes. Most of today's Minicompacts are riot typical "Sedans,"
but sports cars with high power-to-weight ratios. Two-Seaters,
also with high power-to-weight ratios, have a fuel consumption
value similar to Minicompacts and seem to belong with Minicompacts
as a third "type" of passenger car. In Figures 12 and 13, Two-
Seaters are plotted at 75 cubic feet for illustration purposes.
Any new form of MPG standard must address all light-duty
vehicles covered under current MPG standards, i.e., Two-Seaters
and light trucks as well as Sedans and Wagons. All cars except
Two-Seaters already have a utility measure institutionalized in the
current system: interior volume; and light trucks have a different
utility measure already inherent in the system: payload weight, by
virtue of the use of GVW rating in the system.
The number of vehicle types to be incorporated into any new
system must be considered carefully, since each separate vehicle
type means a separate standard for the manufacturers to track, and
for EPA and DOT to administer. The current system is set up to
handle three vehicle types, each with its own standard: passenger
vehicles, 2-wheel drive light trucks ("non-passenger vehicles"),
and 4-wheel drive light trucks. While there is no fundamental
prohibition against cars having volume-based standards and trucks
having payload-based ones, the discussion above makes it clear that
the infusion of a utility measure into the process can lead to a
proliferation of vehicle "types." If there should be three types
of cars, how many types of trucks might there have to be, and how
much more administratively burdensome can a new system get before
being unworkable?
Against this background, we estimated volumes for model year
1990 trucks and payloads for model year 1990 cars to see whether
either one-utility-measure-for-all offered the possibility of a
reasonable number of vehicle "types"/standards. The car database
was augmented with these payload weight values and the truck data
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base with volume values. Two-Seaters were assumed to have an
interior volume of 75 cubic feet and a payload capacity of 600 Ibs.
The results are shown in Figures 13 and 14 for fuel consumption
versus volume, and versus payload, respectively.
Volume and Fuel Consumption; In Figure 13, Station Wagons
constitute one unique vehicle "type;11 the Sedans and Vans are seen
to belong together as another "type;11 and all other vehicles—
Two-Seaters, Minicompacts, Utility Trucks, and Pickups, form a
third type characterized by high fuel consumption per unit volume.
A case could also be made for placing pickups in their own unique
group.
Payload and Fuel Consumption; The payload approach, Figure
14, shows a different natural aggregation of vehicle types, one
with more logical appeal; Station Wagons, Vans, and Pickups are
equally adept at hauling payload weight; "normal" Sedans are an
intermediate group; and Two-Seaters, Minicompacts, and Utility
vehicles are a unique type with high fuel consumption per unit
payload.
These results show that, in addition to volume, payload
deserves serious consideration as a utility measure for
utility-based MPG standards.
VIII. Trends by Vehicle Size
Tables 14 through 22 are data by EPA car class. Interior
volume was first officially defined in 1977, and has always been
undefined for Two-Seaters. As shown in Figure 15, four classes
(Subcompacts, Compacts, Midsize and Large Sedans) have accounted
for at least 87 percent of the cars built the past eight years.
Large Sedans have not accounted for more than 15 percent of
the cars since 1980, and have never exceeded 20.5 percent market
share since 1975.' The market share for Midsize Sedans increased
from about 20 percent in 1975-77, to 33 percent in 1981, then
decreased and remained at or below 26 percent every year since
1984.
Compacts, which had a market share of about 7 percent in 1979
and 1980, increased their market share to about 40 percent in 1988,
but have decreased market share each year since then.
The market share for Subcompacts increased to nearly 40
percent in 1980, then decreased and remained at or below 26 percent
every year since 1983. Recently, the subcompact market share is on
a rising trend. None of the other five classes (Two-Seaters,
Minicompacts, Small, Midsize, and Large Wagons) have accounted for
more than 2 or 3 percent of car sales for several years.
Passenger car MPG remains lower this year than it was in 1988
for eight of the nine car classes. Two-Seaters, the only car class
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to have improved MPG since 1988, have done so by only 0.5 MPG. The
recent MPG decreases in the car classes paralleled increases in
weight (see Figures 16 and 17).
Tables 23 through 28 describe light-duty trucks by size class.
In the late 1970s, Large Pickups were nearly 60 percent of all
light trucks, Large Vans nearly 20 percent, and Small Pickups 10
percent. Since then, the market share of Large Pickups has dropped
to less than 30 percent. Small Pickups gained in popularity
through 1983 when they accounted for 38 percent of all light
trucks, but since then their market share has dropped below 15
percent.
Small Vans accounted for less than 1 percent of the trucks
sold each year from 1975 to 1983. Their market share increased to
over 12 percent in 1985, and nearly 25 percent last year, but has
decreased to 19 percent this year. Similarly, the Small Utility
trucks' market share was only 2 to 3 percent from 1975 to 1982,
increased to over 12 percent in 1984, and over 25 percent this
year. Small Vans and Utility Trucks comprise nearly half the
trucks projected to be sold in 1991. Small Van average horsepower
remained quite consistent from 1975 to 1983, but doubled from 1983
to 1988.
Appendixes E and F give similar data by inertia weight class
for cars and light trucks.
IX. Trends by Market Segment
Table 29 shows major characteristics of the Domestic,
European, and Asian car fleets for model years 1975-91. Table 30
presents similar data for light trucks in Domestic and Import
segments. As in previous papers, Import production volumes include
vehicles assembled in the U.S. by foreign manufacturers.
The market share of European cars has remained between 4 and
9 percent since 1975. The Asian share of the car market has
increased from about 10 percent in 1975, to 25 percent in 1986, and
has been over 35 percent the past two years. The sales fraction of
Import trucks has ranged from 10 to 30 percent and is currently in
the middle of this range.
The following discussions highlight the long-view and
recent-past trends in major vehicle characteristics for Domestic,
European, and Asian car market segments and for Imported and
Domestic trucks.
Weight. Cars; Domestic cars average about 1,000 Ibs less than
in the mid-1970s; Domestic weight bottomed at 3,200 Ibs in 1986-87
and has increased every year since at a 40 Ibs/year rate. European
cars are at their heaviest ever: 600 Ibs over their mid-1970s
weight; they reached a minimum in 1978 and have gained weight every
year since 1986 at a 70 Ibs/year rate. Asian cars are also at
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their heaviest ever, 300 Ibs over their mid-1970s weight; they
bottomed in 1981, and have gained an average of 70 Ibs/year since
1988; the heaviest average weight of Asian cars (2,872 Ibs in 1991)
is 328 Ibs lighter than the lightest average weight of Domestic
cars (3,200 Ibs in 1986-87).
Interior Volume. Cars; After averaging 115 cubic feet in the
1970s, Domestics have remained below 113.5 every year since then,
except 1983; they have gained slightly (1/3 cu.ft./year) since
1986. European cars are at their highest average interior volume,
17 cubic feet more than in the 1970s, and have grown every year
since 1987 at a rate of 1.4 cu.ft./year. Asian cars reached a
volume peak in 1989, the only year they broke 100, but have lost
4.0 cu. ft. since then. They are currently 14 cu. ft. larger than
in 1977, and have tracked 6 to 8 cu. ft. behind the Europeans since
then.
Engine CID. Cars: Domestic engine size has come down 40
percent since 1975; it bottomed in 1987-88 and has increased by 2.7
CID/year since. European displacement has gone up about 40 percent
since 1978 when it bottomed, and has remained near 155 CID since
1988. The average displacement of Asian engines has not varied
much since 1975; they are 15 CID above their 1977 minimum.
Horsepower, Cars; The Domestics have re-achieved the 140-plus
horsepower muscle of their half-a-ton heavier 1970s cars, and
gained 6.5 HP/year the past two years. European power bottomed in
1980, from which it has nearly doubled, and has increased every
year since then at an average rate of 6.3 HP/year. For 1991,
European cars have an average horsepower of 149, a value higher
than any segment has reached in any year. Asian horsepower is also
at its highest ever; it too bottomed in 1980, and increased every
year since at a average rate of 3.9 HP/year. Asian cars built this
year have the same average horsepower as the Domestics did in 1987,
but this year's Asian ears are 328 Ibs lighter than the Domestics
were in 1987. Asian engines in 1991 broke 1.0 HP/CID, something no
other segment has done in any year.
Fuel Economy. Cars; Domestic car fuel economy has never
reached 27.5 MPG; it peaked at 27.1 in 1988 and has decreased each
year since; if it keeps declining at its present rate of about 0.2
MPG/year, it can recapture pre-1984 ground (under 25 MPG) by 1999.
European cars' MPG peaked at 28.8 in 1981 and seems to have
stabilized near 25 (its 1977 level) for the past four years. Asian
MPG peaked five years ago at 32.9; declining at an average of some
0.6 MPG/year, it slid below 31.0 MPG in 1990 and remains there in
1991.
Weight. Trucks; Average inertia weight for Domestic trucks
increased from just over 4,200 Ibs in 1975, to over 4,500 Ibs in
1979, then dropped below 4,000 Ibs in 1983 and reached a minimum of
3,932 Ibs in 1987. Since then, it has increased at a rate of more
than 50 Ibs/year and in 1989 went back above 4,000 Ibs; it is now
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almost as high as it was in 1981. Average inertia weight for
Imported trucks has increased by at least 100 Ibs/year for the past
three years and is now at its highest level ever. Since 1989,
Imported trucks have weighed more than Domestic cars. This year's
Imported trucks outweigh this year's Domestic cars by more than 200
Ibs (3,564 vs. 3,363 Ibs).
Size. Trucks; Through 1981, less than 5 percent of the
Domestic Trucks were classified as "Small." Since then, the
percentage of Domestic trucks in this category has increased
consistently, to above 50 percent in 1987, and almost 60 percent
this year. The percentage of Imported trucks classified as "Small"
has decreased from 100 percent in the 1970s to about 60 percent
this year.
Engine CID and Horsepower. Trucks; Domestic truck engines
decreased nearly 100 CID between 1975 and 1987 (from 335 to 237
CID) , but have since increased back to 260 CID, about the same size
as in 1983. In 1975, Imported truck engines were over 200 CID
smaller than Domestic ones, but their size has increased
consistently. This year's Imported Truck engines will be about 100
CID smaller than the Domestics (157 vs. 260 CID). Horsepower for
Domestic trucks decreased to a minimum of 125 HP in 1983 and 1984
and has increased every year since, at an average rate of 5.3
HP/year. For the past two years, Domestic truck horsepower has
been at a higher average than any 1975-89 level. Average
horsepower for Import trucks remained about or below 93 HP through
1984, increased to about 100 HP for three years (1985 to 1987), and
has since increased to 127 HP, more than the Domestics had in 1983
and 1984.
Fuel Economy. Trucks; Despite improving by 7.4 MPG between
1975 and 1988, Domestic light truck fuel economy has never reached
21 MPG and shows no trend toward doing so. Import trucks' fuel
economy peaked in 1981 at 27.3 MPG when 15.9 percent of them had
Diesel engines. Since then, Import truck MPG has declined each
year, at an average rate of almost 0.5 MPG/year, and is now on the
threshold of a 15-year throwback to the fuel economy it had in
1976.
Figures 18 through 28 illustrate some of the trends described
in this section.
-11-
-------
X. Conclusions
The Long View; Since 1975, there have been two distinct eras
in light-duty technology and fuel economy. The period from 1975 to
the early 80s featured significant reductions in Domestic passenger
car weight, engine size and power, accompanied by a significant
increase in MPG and no loss in performance. In this same era,
Asian cars had small reductions in weight, engine size and power,
significant MPG growth, and a small performance loss; and European
cars held the line on weight, engine size and power, and
performance, while improving MPG somewhat. Domestic trucks in this
era trended as did the Asian cars, and Import trucks trended like
the European cars. The first era ended in about 1982, when
Domestic car and truck sales bottomed at 7 million units, the
market shares of Diesels and Midsize cars peaked, and Asian cars
broke 30 MPG (on the way up) and nearly reached 2 million sales.
The second era saw no real change in Domestic car or truck
weight or Asian car CID. Only Domestic cars and trucks improved
MPG (slightly), while Asian cars held MPG steady and European cars
and Import trucks began an MPG decline. The dominant feature of
the second era was a dramatic growth in horsepower by all sectors.
The Recent Short Term; Since 1988, light-duty vehicle fuel
economy has been declining. Passenger car fuel economy peaked at
28.6 MPG in 1988, dropped to 27.8 in 1990, and remains there.
Similarly, light truck fuel economy remains below its 1987 peak
value of 21.6 and will be under 21 this year, for the third
straight year. All segments of the market are increasing in
horsepower.
Average fuel economy for the combined (car and truck) light-
duty fleet, has declined for three consecutive years, and is now
back to 25.0 MPG where it was in 1985. The main factors which
caused this decline are increases in horsepower, weight, and the
market share of light trucks.
XI. Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to
Jennifer Criss and Leslie Cribbins for work processing and report
preparation.
-12-
-------
XII. References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fuel Economy and
Emission Control, November 1972.
2. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends and Influencing
Factors," SAE Paper 730790, Austin and Hellman, September 1973.
3. "Fuel Economy of the 1975 Models," SAE Paper 740970,
Austin and Hellman, October 1974.
4. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy Trends Through 1976," SAE
Paper 750957, Austin, Michael, and Service, October 1975.
5. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1977,"
SAE Paper 760795, Murrell, Pace, Service, and Yeager, October 1976.
6. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1978,"
SAE Paper 780036, Murrell, February 1978.
7. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1979,"
SAE Paper 790225, Murrell, February 1979.
8. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1980,"
SAE Paper 800853, Murrell, Foster and Bristor, June 1980.
9. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1981,"
SAE Paper 810386, Foster, Murrell and Loos, February 1981.
10. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1982,"
SAE Paper 820300, Cheng, LeBaron, Murrell, and Loos, February 1982.
11. "Why Vehicles Don't Achieve EPA MPG On the Road and How
That Shortfall Can Be Accounted For," SAE Paper 820791, Hellman and
Murrell, June 1982.
12. "Light-Duty Automobile Fuel Economy Trends through 1983,"
SAE Paper 830544, Murrell, Loos, Heavenrich, and Cheng, February
1983.
13. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends Through 1984," SAE
Paper 840499, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos, February 1984.
14. "Light Truck Fuel Economy - Trends through 1984," SAE
Paper 841405, Loos, Cheng, Murrell and Heavenrich, October 1984.
15. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy - Trends Through
1985," SAE Paper 850550, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos,
March 1985.
16. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1986," SAE Paper
860366, Heavenrich, Cheng, and Murrell, February 1986.
-13-
-------
17. "Trends in Alternate Measures of Vehicle Fuel Economy,"
SAE Paper 861426, Hellman, and Murrell, September 1986.
18. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1987," SAE Paper
871088, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Cheng, May 1988.
19. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1988," U.S. EPA,
EPA/AA/CTAB/88-07, Heavenrich, and Murrell, June 1988.
20. "Light-Duty Automotive and Technology Trends Through
1989," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-04, Heavenrich, Murrell, and
Hellman, May 1989.
21. "Downward Trend in Passenger Car Fuel Economy—A View of
Recent Data," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-01, Murrell and Heavenrich,
Jan. 1990.
22. "Options for Controlling the Global Warming Impact from
Motor Vehicles," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-08, Heavenrich, Murrell,
and Hellman, December 1989.
23. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends
Through 1990," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-03, Heavenrich and Murrell,
June 1990.
24. "Concise Description of Auto Fuel Economy in Recent
Years," SAE Paper 760045, Malliaris, Asia, and Gould, February
1976.
25. "Highway Statistics," U.S. DOT, Federal Highway
Administration, Tables VM-1, annual.
26. R. L. Polk and Co. Data, cited in "Transportation Energy
Data Book," Ed. 8, Table 2.12, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Report ORNL-6205, November 1985.
-14-
-------
TABLE 1 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
MODEL
YEAR
CARS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
TRUCKS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
BOTH CARS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10703
10014
9638
7927
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3883
4004
FRACT
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.701
.693
.713
.664
.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
.173
.197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.299
.307
.287
.336
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
13.7
15.2
16.0
17.2
17.7
20.3
21.7
22.3
22.1
22.4
23.0
23.7
23.9
24.2
23.8
23.4
23.4
12.1
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.4
16.5
17.8
18.1
18.3
17.9
18.0
18.8
18.8
18.3
18.1
17.7
17.9
19.5
21.3
22.3
24.5
24.6
29.0
31.1
32.7
32.7
33.3
34.3
35.5
35.9
36.6
36.3
36.1
36.2
16.2
16.9
18.1
17.5
16.8
21.9
23.9
24.4
25.2
24.8
24.9
25.9
26.5
26.2
25.8
25.7
26.2
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.8
27.8
13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.6
20.8
WT
4058
4059
3944
3588
3485
3101
3076
3054
3112
3099
3093
3041
3031
3050
3099
3180
3188
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3921
4016
4036
VOL
110.9
109.5
109.4
104.7
107.0
106.6
109.2
108.0
108.6
107.8
107.1
107.6
109.3
108.0
108.1
0-60 DISP
TIME (IN)
14.2 288
14.4 287
14.0 279
13.7 251
13.8 238
14.3 188
14.4 182
14.4 175
14.0 182
13.8 179
13.3 177
13.2 167
13.0 162
12.6 161
12.5 163
11.9 167
11.8 167
13.6 311
13.8 319
13.3 318
13.4 314
14.3 298
14.5 248
14.6 247
14.5 243
14.5 231
14.7 224
14.2 224
14.0 211
13.3 210
12.9 227
12.8 234
12.6 238
12.4 242
HP
136
134
133
124
119
100
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
119
121
131
135
142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
156
HP/
CID
.515
.502
.516
.538
.545
.583
.594
.609
.615
.637
.671
.701
.732
.769
.783
.830
.847
.476
.458
.482
.481
.486
.528
.508
.524
.543
.557
.586
.621
.654
.650
.653
.665
.668
HP/
WT
.0331
.0324
.0335
.0342
.0338
.0322
.0320
.0320
.0330
.0339
.0355
.0360
.0365
.0384
.0387
.0409
.0417
.0349
.0340
.0356
.0351
.0325
.0313
.0311
.0317
.0313
.0310
.0326
.0330
.0351
.0366
.0372
.0377
.0386
CID/
WT
.0678
.0676
.0680
.0670
.0655
.0580
.0566
.0549
.0561
.0555
.0551
.0532
.0517
.0511
.0511
.0512
.0510
.0756
.0763
.0760
.0750
.0688
.0621
.0634
.0624
.0597
.0578
.0575
.0551
.0552
.0578
.0587
.0583
.0592
CU-FT
-MPG
2091
2240
2258
2507
2744
2836
2904
2910
2990
3057
3051
3119
3111
3030
3038
and TRUCKS
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15262
14450
13522
11931
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
13.4
14.6
15.6
16.3
16.5
19.6
20.9
21.3
21.2
21.2
21.5
22.1
22.2
22.1
21.7
21.4
21.2
18.7
20.2
21.3
22.5
22.3
27.5
29.5
30.7
30.6
30.8
31.3
32.2
32.6
32.7
32.3
32.3
32.1
15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.0
4060
4079
3982
3715
3655
3228
3202
3202
3257
3262
3271
3238
3221
3286
3352
3420
3473
14.1 293
14.3 294
13.8 287
13.6 266
13.9 252
14.3 198
14.4 193
14.4 188
14.1 193
14.0 190
13.6 189
13.4 180
13.1 175
12.7 180
12.5 185
12.1 188
12.0 192
137
135
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
126
129
137
142
.507
.493
.510
.525
.532
.574
.580
.593
.599
.618
.650
.678
.710
.734
.743
.783
.787
.0335
.0328
.0339
.0344
.0335
.0320
.0318
.0320
.0327
.0332
.0347
.0351
.0361
.0378
.0382
.0400
.0407
.0693
.0695
.0696
.0688
.0662
.0586
.0578
.0564
.0569
.0561
.0557
.0538
.0527
.0531
.0534
.0532
.0538
-15-
-------
TABLE 1, continued -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
(PERCENTAGE BASIS)
MODEL
YEAR
CARS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
TRUCKS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
BOTH CARS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
6.5
5.8
6.8
9.6
11.9
29.7
37.0
45.6
47.3
53.7
61.6
71.1
77.0
81.6
82.5
82.4
84.2
1.4
2.0
1.7
1.4
4.9
7.1
5.9
7.4
9.0
9.9
15.2
10.3
MANUAL
4UD TRANS
.3
.9
.7
.8
3.1
1.0
2.1
1.1
1.1
.8
1.0
.8
1.0
17.1
22.9
23.6
29.0
18.0
25.0
20.1
20.0
25.8
31.0
30.6
30.3
31.5
33.3
32.0
31.1
37.4
19.9
17.1
16.8
20.2
22.3
31.9
30.4
29.7
27.4
24.2
23.6
24.8
24.9
24.0
21.0
22.4
20.3
37.0
34.8
32.0
32.4
35.2
53.0
51.6
45.7
45.9
42.1
37.1
42.7
39.9
35.5
32.7
27.8
25.1
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB
5.1 5.1 94.6
3.2 3.2 96.6
4.2 4.2 95.3
5.1 5.1 94.0
4.7 4.7 93.2
6.9 .7 6.2 88.7
8.8 2.6 6.1 85.3
17.0 9.8 7.2 78.4
28.3 18.9 9.5 69.6
•39.4 24.4 15.0 58.9
53.5 32.0 21.4 45.6
65.1 28.4 36.7 34.5
73.0 30.5 42.5 26.8
84.0 30.1 53.9 16.0
90.3 27.9 62.4 9.7
98.5 24.8 73.7 1.4
99.7 16.8 82.9 .2
.1 99.9
.1 99.9
.1 99.9
.1 99.1
.3 97.9
1.7 94.9
1.1 93.3
.7 90.0
.6 94.7
2.6 95.1
12.3 86.7
40.5 18.7 21.8 58.7
66.9 33.6 33.3 32.9
87.7 44.4 43.3 12.1
93.5 47.6 45.9 6.3
96.1 40.4 55.6 3.8
98.1 44.4 53.7 1.5
DSL
.2
.3
.5
.9
2.1
4.4
5.9
4.7
2.1
1.7
.9
.3
.3
.0
.0
.0
.1
.8
1.8
3.5
5.6
9.3
4.7
2.3
1.1
.7
.3
.2
.2
.2
.4
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID , LARGE
55.4
55.4
51.9
44.7
43.7
54.4
51.5
56.5
53.1
57.4
55.7
59.5
63.5
64.7
58.2
58.6
59.0
13.7
11.1
13.5
13.3
18.5
30.3
27.6
33.9
45.5
46.0
50.5
56.8
61.8
57.2
56.7
52.2
59.5
23.3
25.2
24.5
34.4
34.2
34.4
36.4
31.0
31.8
29.4
28.9
27.9
24.3
22.4
28.3
26.4
27.4
21.3
19.4
23.5
21.0
22.1
11.3
12.2
12.5
15.1
13.2
15.4
12.6
12.2
12.9
13.5
15.0
13.6
86.3
88.9
86.5
86.7
81.5
69.7
72.4
66.1
54.5
54.0
49.5
43.2
38.2
42.8
43.3
47.8
40.5
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIA
80.9
84.6
82.0
80.2
79.5
70.5
71.1
70.0
70.7
75.7
72.1
68.1
61.6
61.4
62.1
60.3
59.8
88.7
90.9
88.5
89.1
84.7
69.4
72.0
76.3
78.5
78.0
80.1
70.3
72.3
81.1
81.9
80.7
82.4
8.8
5.7
5.7
6.3
6.5
9.1
6.6
6.8
5.8
6.2
6.3
6.8
6.9
6.0
5.5
4.6
4.6
10.3
9.7
12.2
13.5
14.0
20.4
22.3
23.3
23.5
18.1
21.6
25.1
31.5
32.6
32.4
35.1
35.6
IMPORT
19.1
15.4
18.0
19.8
20.5
29.5
28.9
30.0
29.3
24.3
27.9
31.9
38.4
38.6
37.9
39.7
40.2
11.3
9.1
11.5
10.9
15.3
30.6
28.0
23.7
21.5
22.0
19.9
29.7
27.7
18.9
18.1
19.3
17.6
and TRUCKS
5.3
4.6
5.5
7.4
9.2
25.0
31.0
37.0
37.0
42.1
47.8
52.6
57.7
59.9
60.2
63.1
59.4
3.3
4.8
4.7
6.6
4-3
4.9
4.0
4.6
8.1
8.2
9.3
9.3
9.6
10.5
10.5
9.5
13.2
23.2
20.9
19.8
23.0
25.1
35.4
34.1
32.8
31.5
28.5
27.0
29.8
29.1
27.4
24.6
23.9
21.9
4.1 4.1 95.7
2.5 2.5 97.3
3.4 3.4 96.2
3.9 3.9 95.2
3.7 3.7 94.2
6.0 .6 5.2 89.7
7.5 2.2 5.1 86.7
13.8 7.9 5.8 80.6
22.1 14.7 7.3 75.2
30.6 18.6 11.4 67.6
43.0 23.9 16.0 56.1
58.2 25.7 32.5 41.4
71.3 31.4 39.9 28.4
85.1 34.4 50.7 14.8
91.3 33.9 57.3 8.7
97.8 29.3 68.5 2.1
99.2 26.1 73.1 .6
.2
.2
.4
.9
2.0
4.3
5.9
5.6
2.7
1.8
.9
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.2
47.3
46.0
44.2
37.6
38.1
50.4
47.4
52.1
51.4
54.7
54.4
58.7
63.0
62.5
57.8
56.8
59.2
52.7
54.0
55.8
62.4
61.9
49.6
52.6
47.9
48.6
45.3
45.6
41.3
37.0
37.5
42.2
43.2
40.8
82.4
85.9
83.3
82.2
80.7
70.3
71.3
71.2
72.5
76.3
74.1
68.7
64.6
67.3
68.2
66.2
67.4
17.6
14.1
16.7
17.8
19.3
29.7
28.7
28.8
27.5
23.7
25.9
31.3
35.4
32.7
31.8
33.8
32.6
-16-
-------
TABLE 2 -- PASSENGER CAR FUEL ECONOMY BY PERCENT ILE BRACKET
Percent! le
Bracket
Best Car
95 - 99.9
90 - 94.9
85 - 89.9
80 - 84.9
75 - 79.9
70 - 74.9
65 - 69.9
60 - 64.9
55 - 59.9
50 - 54.9
45 - 49.9
40 - 44.9
35 - 39.9
30 - 34.9
25 - 29.9
20 - 24.9
15 - 19.9
10 - 14.9
5 - 9.9
0 - 4.9
Worst Car
Actual
Average
Mode
75
33.2
28.5
25.5
24.1
23.0
22.0
21.0
19.9
18.9
17.5
16.7
16.0
15.4
14.6
13.8
13.3
12.8
12.2
11.7
11.0
10.3
9.8
15.8
I Year
76
35.8
31.2
27.9
26.3
25.1
23.9
22.6
21.4
20.3
19.6
18.8
17.5
16.8
15.9
15.1
14.5
14.0
13.5
12.9
12.3
11.0
10.1
17.5
77
44.3
34.2
28.3
26.8
25.2
23.8
21.9
20.8
19.8
19.1
18.4
17.7
17.6
17.0
16.6
16.0
15.3
14.7
14.0
12.8
11.5
9.7
18.3
78
44.1
33.8
28.8
26.7
25.2
23.8
22.6
21.3
20.6
19.8
19.3
18.7
18.4
17.8
17.0
16.3
15.9
15.5
14.8
13.7
12.0
9.4
19.9
79
46.0
34.2
29.6
27.5
25.8
24.7
23.6
22.3
21.4
20.9
20.3
19.7
19.1
18.4
18.0
17.5
16.9
16.0
15.4
14.7
12.5
9.2
20.3
80
47.4
36.5
31.8
29.2
27.3
26.2
25.4
24.6
24.1
23.2
22.3
21.6
21.2
20.5
19.9
19.2
18.7
18.3
17.7
17.0
13.9
9.2
23.5
81
48.1
39.6
34.1
31.6
30.1
29.0
28.3
27.3
26.8
25.9
24.8
24.0
23.2
22.3
21.7
21.0
20.4
19.7
18.8
18.2
13.6
5.0
25.1
82
50.3
42.4
36.6
33.7
32.0
30.9
30.0
29.2
28.8
28.1
27.2
26.5
25.7
25.0
23.8
22.9
21.7
20.8
20.0
19.2
14.4
10.0
26.0
83
53.4
44.9
38.6
35.5
33.7
33.0
31.7
31.0
30.5
29.5
28.5
27.7
26.7
25.9
24.8
23.8
22.8
21.9
20.6
19.7
15.1
10.0
25.9
84
56.6
46.7
38.8
35.0
33.6
32.7
31.7
30.7
29.9
29.3
28.5
27.7
26.5
25.6
25.0
24.2
23.4
22.5
21.2
20.1
15.8
10.0
26.3
85
58.5
46.9
38.7
35.7
34.2
33.0
32.1
31.2
30.5
29.6
28.6
27.7
26.5
25.9
25.0
24.4
23.8
23.0
22.1
21.3
15.4
9.9
27.0
86
67.4
46.7
38.3
35.2
34.0
32.6
31.6
30.7
29.8
29.2
28.4
27.3
26.3
25.7
25.0
24.4
23.9
23.4
22.9
22.2
16.5
8.7
27.9
87
65.6
43.6
37.0
35.2
33.7
32.4
31.9
31.1
29.8
28.9
28.0
27.5
26.8
26.1
25.5
24.8
24.3
23.6
22.8
22.1
15.4
8.7
28.1
88
65.6
44.5
37.2
35.3
33.3
32.4
31.7
30.9
30.1
29.2
28.7
27.8
27.3
26.7
26.1
25.1
24.3
23.6
23.0
22.6
16.8
8.7
28.6
89
61.2
44.6
36.7
34.7
33.2
32.3
31.6
30.6
29.8
28.9
27.7
27.0
26.7
26.1
25.5
24.7
24.0
23.4
22.9
22.0
16.5
8.7
28.1
90
65.4
42.8
36.3
34.2
32.8
31.8
30.9
29.9
29.1
28.2
27.7
27.2
26.4
25.8
25.3
24.6
23.9
23.3
23.0
21.9
16.8
8.7
27.8
91
65.3
45.3
37.7
35.5
33.2
31.9
30.9
30.0
29.1
28.2
27.4
26.6
26.2
25.6
25.0
24.3
23.7
23.4
22.9
21.5
16.6
12.8
27.8
-17-
-------
TABLE 3 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHER-MPG 1990 PASSENGER CAR FLEETS
As-is
Weight Weight Re-mix Re-mix
Scenario: Mix #1 #2
Avg Weight 3171 2974 2802
Avg MPG 34.4 37.5 40.3 Best in class
32.5 34.7 36.8 Best five in class
31.2 33.2 35.3 Best dozen in class
27.8 29.6 31.5 All cars
Avg Volume 98 94 93 Best in class
Index, cu.ft. 103 99 98 Best five in class
102 99 98 Best dozen in class
107 103 100 All cars
Avg Top Speed 106 104 102 Best in class
Index 111 109 107 Best five in class
111 109 108 Best dozen in class
117 114 112 All cars
-18-
-------
TABLE 4 -- RELATIVE VALUES, HIGHER-MPG 1990 PASSENGER CAR FLEETS
As-is
Weight Weight Re-mix Re-mix
Scenario: Mix #1 #2
Avg Weight 100% 94% 88%
Avg HPG 124% 135% 145% Best in class
117% 125% 132% Best five in class
112% 120% 127% Best dozen in class
100% 106% 113% All cars
Change in Fuel -19% -26% -31% Best in class
Consumption -14% -20% -24% Best five in class
-11% -16% -21% Best dozen in class
0% -6% -12% All cars
Avg Cu.Ft. 92% 88% 87% Best in class
Index 96% 93% 92% Best five in class
95% 93% 91% Best dozen in class
100% 96% 94% All cars
Avg Top Speed 91% 88% 87% Best in class
Index 95% 93% 92% Best five in class
95% 93% 92% Best dozen in class
100% 98% 96% All cars
-19-
-------
TABLE 5 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHER-MPG 1990 LIGHT TRUCK FLEETS
As-is
Weight Weight Re-mix Re-mix
Scenario: Mix #1 #2
Avg Weight 3952 3720 3502
Avg MPG 25.9 26.9 27.8 Best in class
25.2 26.0 26.8 Best five in class
24.3 25.2 26.1 Best dozen in class
21.0 22.1 23.3 All trucks
Avg Payload 1524 1395 1291 Best in class
1450 1404 1359 Best five in class
1447 1401 1354 Best dozen in class
1495 1439 1412 All trucks
Avg Top Speed 107 106 106 Best in class
Index 109 108 108 Best five in class
111 110 110 Best dozen in class
116 116 114 All trucks
-20-
-------
TABLE 6 -- RELATIVE VALUES, H1GHER-MPG 1990 LIGHT TRUCK FLEETS
As-is
Weight Weight Re-mix Re-mix
Scenario: Mix #1 #2
Avg Weight 100% 94% 89%
Avg HPG 123% 128% 132% Best in class
120% 124% 127% Best five in class
116% 120% 124% Best dozen in class
100% 105% 111% All trucks
Change in Fuel -19% -22% -24% Best in class
Consumption -16% -19% -22% Best five in class
-14% -17% -19% Best dozen in class
0% -5% -10% All trucks
Avg Payload 102% 93% 86% Best in class
97% 94% 91% Best five in class
97% 94% 91% Best dozen in class
100% 96% 94% All trucks
Avg Top Speed 92% 91% 91% Best in class
Index 94% 93% 93% Best five in class
95% 95% 94% Best dozen in class
100% 99% 98% All trucks
-21-
-------
TABLE 7 .-- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
THREE CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
37
81
78
103
85
86
123
FRACT
.003
.007
.007
.010
.008
.009
.016
FUEL
CITY
51.9
50.8
46.0
42.8
43.4
43.8
42.4
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
66.1 57.4
63.7 55.9
58.1 50.8
54.1 47.2
53.8 47.5
54.4 48.0
53.6 46.8
WT
1750
1750
1878
1866
1975
2038
2014
VOL
82.6
84.6
84.8
86.6
90.9
91.4
89.1
0-60
TIME
16.1
16.3
16.2
15.4
15.9
15.5
15.8
DISP
(IN)
61
61
63
65
64
63
62
HP
48
46
51
54
55
58
56
HP/
CID
.787
.759
.810
.824
.843
.914
.905
HP/
WT
.0274
.0264
.0271
.0286
.0276
.0283
.0279
CID/
UT
.0349
.0349
.0334
.0347
.0328
.0309
.0308
CU-FT
-MPG
4756
4809
4369
4168
4446
4481
4251
PERCENT OF 3-CYL. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
100
100
100
89
100
92
100
.0
.0
.0
.0 11.0
.0
.9 7.1
.0
MANUAL
TRANS
90.
64.
73.
76.
64.
57.
46.
1
7
5
5
3
7
2
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
8
14
70
97
98
.6
.7
.5
.6
.8
1.5
57.5
77.2
86.9
8.6
13.2
13.0
20.5
11.9
MANUFACTURED
CARB DSL DOM EUR ASIAN
100
100
91
85
29
2
1
.0
.0
.4
.3
.5
.4
.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-22-
-------
TABLE 8 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
FOUR CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1805
2017
2287
2926
3157
4511
4469
4251
4158
5744
5865
6462
6679
6300
5668
5370
4234
FRACT
.219
.207
.202
.262
.292
.478
.512
.544
.520
.538
.543
.587
.622
.589
.566
.557
.534
FUEL
CITY
20.8
22.8
24.8
24.7
23.6
24.4
26.0
26.7
27.1
27.1
27.3
27.1
26.9
27.5
26.9
26.6
26.5
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
30.6
33.1
35.3
34.3
33.0
34.3
36.2
38.2
38.2
38.7
38.9
38.6
38.4
39.0
38.6
38.5
38.6
24.3
26.5
28.7
28.3
27.1
28.1
29.8
30.9
31.2
31.4
31.5
31.3
31.1
31.7
31.1
30.9
30.8
UT
2651
2613
2523
2511
2564
2573
2555
2595
2622
2655
2671
2719
2732
2743
2794
2857
2864
VOL
86.8
88.9
90.1
93.0
97.7
97.8
101.2
100.3
101.7
102.5
102.1
101.9
103.4
101.2
101.2
0-60
TIME
15.1
15.2
14.6
14.7
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.6
13.1
12.6
12.4
DISP
(IN)
112
111
106
108
110
116
115
114
118
119
120
121
121
119
120
123
121
HP
79
77
78
77
77
78
79
78
81
85
90
91
92
95
100-
109
111
HP/
CID
.716
.706
.742
.727
.707
.681
.693
.686
.694
.718
.752
.753
.771
.805
.839
.898
.925
HP/
WT
.0298
.0296
.0308
.0308
.0300
.0303
.0308
.0300
.0307
.0320
.0336
.0332
.0336
.0344
.0357
.0379
.0386
CID/
UT
.0421
.0423
.0418
.0426
.0427
.0447
.0448
.0439
.0446
.0448
.0449
.0445
.0440
.0431
.0429
.0428
.0422
CU-FT
-MPG
2556
2580
2491
2662
2953
3061
3213
3192
3251
3244
3207
3270
3250
3150
3152
PERCENT OF 4-CYL. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
25.2
22.0
28.3
31.8
33.5
44.8
60.6
72.1
76.2
81.3
84.0
89.5
92.0
94.1
93.2
94.0
93.4
4WD
1.2
1.0
.9
.9
5.1
1.4
3.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.1
1.6
MANUAL
TRANS
68.9
63.9
69.5
67.4
65.9
60.3
55.2
49.5
46.8
40.0
38.1
36.5
34.4
34.9
31.8
32.1
31.1
FUEL
FI
14.4
6.7
11.9
10.4
7.0
' 9.1
7.5
18.7
32.7
43.7
52.3
63.3
68.1
78.9
85.0
98.3
99.7
METERING
TBI PORT
11.2
21.0
28.3
33.6
38.9
43.2
46.1
41.3
37.8
25.1
14.4
6.7
11.9
10.4
7.0
9.1
7.5
7.5
11.7
15.4
18.7
24.4
24.9
32.8
43.7
60.6
74.6
CARB
84.8
92.7
86.3
87.8
90.9
87.3
88.5
78.7
66.3
54.7
46.9
36.3
31.8
21.1
15.0
1.6
.2
DSL
.8
.6
1.8
1.7
2.1
3.6
4.0
2.6
1.0
1.6
.8
.4
.1
.1
.0
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
27.7
35.5
19.5
31.1
40.2
44.5
50.1
53.7
53.3
63.3
58.4
55.1
49.6
45.2
44.2
41.6
39.4
33.9
23.0
24.5
20.9
17.7
16.0
10.2
9.0
7.4
7.3
7.5
7.4
7.0
6.1
5.3
4.8
5.2
38.4
41.5
56.0
48.0
42.0
39.6
39.7
37.2
39.3
29.4
34.1
37.5
43.3
48.7
50.5
53.6
55.3
-23-
-------
TABLE 9 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
SIX CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) I
1533
1935
1851
2325
2187
2644
2394
2080
1858
2455
2498
2694
2489
2985
3155
2998
2655
FRACT
.186
.199
.164
.208
.203
.280
.274
.266
.232
.230
.232
.245
.232
.279
.315
.311
.335
FUEL I
CITY
16.2
17.1
17.3
17.7
17.9
18.8
19.6
19.7
20.3
20.5
20.3
20.8
20.8
21.4
21.2
20.8
20.8
ECONOH
HWY !
22.1
23.0
23.3
24.6
24.6
26.5
27.8
28.9
30.1
30.5
31.2
32.8
33.7
34.8
34.6
34.3
34.3
Y
55/45
18.4
19.3
19.6
20.2
20.4
21.6
22.6
23.0
23.8
24.1
24.1
24.9
25.1
25.9
25.7
25.3
25.3
WT
3625
3715
3753
3482
3421
3332
3382
3404
3373
3364
3387
3377
3414
3397
3423
3499
3491
VOL
106.6
108.6
108.8
111.0
111.6
112.9
111.0
111.3
111.8
112.0
112.9
113.6
114.8
113.6
113.6
0-60
TIME
15.7
16.7
16.1
14.8
14.4
13.9
14.1
13.8
13.6
13.4
12.9
12.1
11.6
11.5
11.4
11.0
11.0
DISP
(IN)
225
231
229
221
217
213
215
213
211
205
206
200
198
193
194
199
201
HP
105
100
105
107
109
110
110
114
116
117
124
134
143
142
146
157
156
HP/
CID
.485
.445
.471
.495
.508
.530
.522
.548
.565
.586
.617
.683
.733
.744
.761
.799
.786
HP/
WT
.0295
.0273
.0284
.0311
.0319
.0334
.0328
.0338
.0346
.0350
.0368
.0398
.0419
.0418
.0429
.0451
.0450
CID/
WT
.0622
.0624
.0612
.0636
.0636
.0638
.0635
.0626
.0624
.0609
.0608
.0592
.0581
.0570
.0568
.0572
.0578
CU-FT
-MPG
2095
2206
2224
2407
2527
2614
2654
2684
2697
2805
2847
2952
2957
2881
2887
PERCENT OF 6-CYL. CARS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.5
22.0
14.2
19.5
22.4
31.5
48.6
63.4
73.0
83.8
84.1
85.4
89.8
4 WO
1.5
.8
1.1
1.7
.9
.0
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
'.4
MANUAL
TRANS
19.3
15.2
11.9
9.1
9.1
8.2
5.4
5.3
6.6
6.1 '
6.3
6.9
7.9
5.8
5.0
10.2
6.8
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB
8.3
4.7
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.3
6.8
17.8
12.3
29.8
62.7
80.1
96.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
8.0
8.8
21.6
15.4
7.9
2.3
.2
.1
8.3
4.7
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.3
6.8
9.8
12.3
21.0
41.1
64.7
88.8
97.6
99.8
99.8
99.9
91.7
95.3
93.3
94.7
93.1
95.5
92.9
79.6
85.7
68.8
36.7
19.6
2.5
.1
DSL
.2
.3
2.6
2.0
1.4
.6
.3
.8
.0
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
87.6
92.7
92.3
94.0
91.0
94.8
92.2
88.4
86.6
88.0
86.8
86.6
78.4
84.0
84.6
83.7
85.2
5.7
3.3
3.0
1.5
2.8
2.0
1.9
2.7
3.5
3.6
3.8
5.5
7.2
6.7
6.1
4.6
3.7
6.7
4.0
4.7
4.5
6.1
3.3
5.9
8.9
9.9
8.3
9.3
7.9
14.4
9.3
9.3
11.7
11.1
-24-
-------
TABLE 10 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
EIGHT CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
4840
5728
7132
5882
5354
2169
1778
1377
1859
2316
2229
1651
1387
1247
1070
1146
889
FRACT
.588
.589
.631
.526
.496
.230
.204
.176
.232
.217
.207
.150
.129
.117
.107
.119
.112
FUEL
CITY
11.6
13.2
14.1
14.9
15.4
16.4
17.1
17.0
16.8
17.0
18.1
18.6
18.4
18.7
18.7
18.4
18.6
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
16.6
18.5
19.7
21.4
21.4
24.0
26.0
26.5
26.4
26.8
28.8
30.1
29.6
30.4
30.7
30.9
30.8
13.4
15.1
16.2
17.2
17.6
19.1
20.2
20.3
20.1
20.3
21.7
22.5
22.2
22.6
22.7
22.5
22.6
WT
4732
4689
4450
4166
4060
3920
3973
3940
3946
3913
3895
3813
3846
3854
3831
3927
3982
VOL
119.0
119.2
120.6
120.6
123.0
123.4
125.0
122.3
122.8
120.2
120.2
121.5
121.5
123.0
123.4
0-60
TIME
13.4
13.4
13.2
12.8
12.9
13.6
14.0
13.5
12.9
12.8
12.4
12.0
12.0
10.3
11.6
11.3
10.6
DISP
(IN)
376
368
348
335
324
309
307
305
298
300
296
299
299
301
300
298
299
HP
167
165
158
154
149
135
133
138
143
144
151
152
155
193
160
172
190
HP/
CID
.446
.448
.455
.460
.460
.439
.440
.457
.482
.483
.509
.511
.520
.640
.535
.582
.643
HP/
WT
.0354
.0352
.0356
.0371
.0368
.0346
.0337
.0355
.0364
.0371
.0389
.0403
.0407
.0504
.0423
.0443
.0482
CID/
WT
.0793
.0784
.0783
.0807
.0799
.0789
.0773
.0776
.0759
.0771
.0763
.0788
.0781
.0785
.0786
.0762
.0753
CU-FT
-MPG
1939
2085
2145
2343
2538
2537
2519
2491
2670
2712
2676
2754
2765
2784
2806
PERCENT OF 8-CYL. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
1
2
1
2
3
7
8
5
9
9
18
12
14
16
21
20
22
.7
.0
.8
.1
.7
.6
.8
.5
.6
.3
.2
.2
.2
.4
.2
.8
.6 .1
MANUAL
TRANS
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.
1.
3.
3.
3.
2.
4.
4.
6.
7.
5.
5.
6
2
0
2
4
8
1
9
5
2
5
3
4
2
2
6
3
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.7
1.4
1.1
1.9
2.2
4.4
13.8
10.4
35.4
37.6
47.4
48.4
55.9
76.2
90.9
95.6
99,3
3.0
13.0
9.1
34.4
32.5
42.4
12.2
13.9
19.8
36.9
25.5
18.4
.7
1.4
1.1
1.9
2.2
1.4
.8
1.3
1.0
5.2
5.1
36.2
42.0
56.4
54.0
70.1
80.9
CARB
99.3
98.6
98.9
97.5
95.3
85.8
69.5
77.9
62.4
61.7
52.5
51.6
44.1
23.8
9.1
4.4
.7
DSL
.6
2.6
9.8
16.8
11.7
2.2
.7
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
99.6
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.4
99.0
99.1
97.9
98.7
98.8
98.2
97.3
96.7
97.5
97.4
93.6
90.8
.4
.2
.2
.3
.6
1.0
.9
2.1
1.3
1.2
1.8
2.7
3.3
2.5
2.6
1.7 4.7
2.8 6.4
-25-
-------
TABLE 11 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS
FOUR CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
221
225
306
342
481
584
522
517
744
1083
1253
1802
1539
1247
1121
786
698
FRACT
.112
.086
.108
.105
.156
.314
.287
.270
.324
.324
.342
.414
.372
.274
.253
.202
.174
FUEL
CITY
18.7
20.4
22.9
23.3
20.3
21.5
24.2
24.4
24.1
23.4
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.4
23.0
23.3
23.0
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
27.1
29.6
32.4
31.1
27.9
28.9
32.5
32.3
32.3
31.3
30.9
31.4
31.6
31.7
31.1
31.4
31.0
21.7
23.7
26.4
26.2
23.1
24.3
27.3
27.4
27.2
26.4
26.1
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.0
26.4
26.0
UT VOL
2856
2831
2824
2849
2850
2842
2861
2897
2924
3064
3157
3159
3122
3123
3184
3176
3252
0-60
TIME
14.8
14.7
14.3
14.7
15.0
14.7
15.2
15.1
14.9
15.1
14.8
14.5
14.5
14.5
13.9
13.6
13.7
DISP
(IN)
120
117
122
120
123
124
130
132
135
135
141
139
139
139
143
142
142
HP
88
89
90
88
84
86
84
86
87
90
97
97
97
97
104
108
109
HP/
CID
.740
.756
.747
.730
.687
.699
.648
.652
.649
.666
.691
.698
.698
.698
.725
.764
.768
HP/
UT
.0312
.0317
.0323
.0310
.0297
.0306
.0295
.0300
.0301
.0295
.0310
.0309
.0311
.0310
.0327
.0342
.0338
CID/
UT
.0420
.0416
.0432
.0424
.0433
.0439
.0455
.0460
.0464
.0443
.0449
.0444
.0447
.0447
.0452
.0448
.0441
PERCENT OF 4-CYL. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
4.5
6.4
6.2
4.2
15.1
20.7
14.1
10.4
7.8
16.8
10.4
6.3
4WD
6.8
20.5
22.2
24.5
23.3
19.2
21.3
21.7
24.7
26.4
26.8
21.7
24.7
22.4
MANUAL
TRANS
83.7
81.4
82.3
88.1
86.4
90.0
92.9
88.9
84.8
75.9
65.9
72.6
73.4
76.9
68.4
73.9
69.6
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.3
3.9
2.4
2.0
7.9
27.7
34.8
38.9
60.4
79.2
85.5
92.0
18.5
23.0
30.7
41.6
25.7
26.2
16.3
15.9
29.8
37.7
59.9
65.8
CARS
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
92.8
80.6
82.0
92.5
88.8
71.1
64.4
60.8
39.6
20.8
14.5
8.0
DSL
1.9
15.5
15.6
5.6
3.3
1.2
.8
.2
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
2.
2.
2.
12.
34.
32.
42.
30.
29.
38.
45.
36.
36.
7
7
6
9
1
5
2
7
7
6
0
2
0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
97.3
97.4
87.1
65.9
67.5
57.8
69.3
70.3
61.4
55.0
63.8
64.0
-26-
-------
TABLE 12 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS
SIX CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
272
445
410
558
515
555
636
642
751
1200
1217
1379
1689
2063
2104
1975
2377
.137
.170
.145
.171
.167
.298
.350
.336
.327
.359
.332
.317
.409
.453
.474
.509
.594
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
14.9
16.1
16.6
16.1
15.7
16.7
17.5
18.4
18.3
18.0
18.5
18.2
18.5
18.5
18.4
18.3
18.3
19.7
21.2
21.4
20.7
19.6
22.3
23.4
25.2
25.8
25.5
26.7
25.7
26.8
27.1
26.6
26.7
27.0
16.8
18.1
18.4
17.9
17.2
18.8
19.7
20.9
21.1
20.8
21.5
20.9
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.3
21.4
WT VOL 0-60
TIME
3960
3936
3956
3973
4066
4016
3956
3693
3754
3729
3704
3793
3756
3779
3887
3948
3987
16.9
16.7
15.9
15.2
14.8
15.1
14.8
14.6
15.0
15.1
14.5
13.6
12.6
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.2
DISP
(IN)
269
267
271
273
264
268
272
243
229
221
216
218
214
218
227
222
235
HP
102
102
110
116
122
118
119
113
112
110
117
129
141
146
148
147
155
HP/
CID
.383
.387
.407
.426
.465
.445
.442
.481
.510
.523
.561
.623
.680
.689
-.674
.683
.673
HP/
UT
.0259
.0262
.0280
.0293
.0303
.0295
.0303
.0311
.0302
.0298
.0317
.0344
.0379
.0389
.0384
.0376
.0393
CID/
WT
.0682
.0684
.0691
.0695
.0659
.0673
.0692
.0657
.0610
.0589
.0581
.0571
.0569
.0578
.0586
.0563
.0592
PERCENT OF 6-CYL. TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
8.7
15.2
11.9
25.8
15.4
4WD
5.1
10.7
14.2
14.6
19.5
18.3
14.5
12.8
32.4
41.2
43.0
37.8
36.2
35.5
35.0
31.2
43.1
MANUAL
TRANS
18.8
35.5
32.4
32.0
61.0
61.9
57.3
52.5
48.5
41.4
37.7
33.3
26.7
26.5
25.6
19.9
19.6
FUEL
FI
.5
58.3
89.8
98.5
98.3
98.7
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
.5
34.7
36.5
38.2
39.2
31.6
43.1
23.5
53.2
60.3
59.1
67.0
56.9
CARB DSL
100
100
100
99
99
99
100
100
100
100
99
41
10
1
1
1
.0
.0
.0
.8 .2
.3 .7
,1 .9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.6 .1
.2
.5
.7
.3
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100
98
96
97
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
96
96
95
91
87
89
.0
.1
.1
.2
.2
.7
.7
.5
.5
.6
.5
.8
.4
.5
.4
.7
.2
1.9
3.9
2.8
.8
.3
.3
.5
.5
.4
.5
3.2
3.6
4.5
8.6
12.3
10.8
-27-
-------
TABLE 13 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS
EIGHT CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1490
1938
2105
2372
2092
723
662
754
804
1062
1198
1169
906
1249
1210
1122
929
FRACT
.750
.742
.745
.725
.677
.388
.364
.394
.350
.317
.327
.269
.219
.274
.273
.289
.232
FUEL
CITY
11.2
11.8
12.9
12.6
12.1
13.7
14.9
15.2
15.0
14.4
14.3
14.9
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.5
14.5
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
14.9
15.5
16.6
15.9
14.9
18.2
20.1
20.4
20.5
19.9
19.6
20.6
20.4
21.3
21.3
21.6
21.8
12.6
13.2
14.4
13.9
13.2
15.4
16.9
17.2
17.0
16.5
16.3
17.1
16.7
17.2
17.1
17.0
17.1
WT VOL
4275
4361
4362
4381
4620
4585
4405
4526
4547
4573
4555
4563
4637
4662
4663
4721
4752
0-60
TIME
12.8
13.1
12.7
12.7
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.3
13.5
12.9
12.5
12.3
12.0
11.9
DISP
(IN)
347
355
356
352
347
333
315
319
321
320
318
315
323
329
330
335
334
HP
157
155
163
161
154
151
145
150
151
154
159
157
171
178
182
189
192
HP/
CID
.452
.437
.457
.458
.445
.453
.462
.473
.477
.485
.502
.498
.527
.538
.550
.563
.577
HP/
WT
.0371
.0360
.0375
.0370
.0336
.0331
.0331
.0335
.0336
.0340
.0352
.0345
.0369
.0383
.0394
.0404
.0407
CID/
WT
.0820
.0823
.0822
.0810
.0753
.0730
.0718
.0710
.0709
.0702
.0701
.0693
.0700
.0710
.0713
.0715
.0706
PERCENT OF 8-CYL. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.5
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4WD
21.8
28.4
28.9
35.5
17.0
32.5
22.0
24.0
25.6
29.3
27.4
29.9
31.3
36.1
36.3
35.2
33.9
MANUAL
TRANS
33.4
29.2
24.5
24.4
17.0
16.3
13.6
10.2
7.4
8.5
6.5
7.6
7.8
9.0
11.8
9.3
5.7
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
8.1
28.5
71.7
97.2
98.4
98.8
97.8
.0
46.1
68.5
68.0
66.2
61.4
.0
28.4
25.7
28.8
30.4
32.7
36.4
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9
97.5
93.4
96.8
87.0
91.7
96.0
89.9
70.2
27.5
2.1
1.0
.6
.4
DSL
1.1
2.5
6.6
3.2
13.0
8.3
4.0
2.0
1.3
.8
.7
.6
.5
1.8
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
.7
.6
.6
.6
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
-28-
-------
TABLE 14 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
TWO-SEATER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
244
203
221
191
256
200
162
263
137
348
335
303
282
203
113
177
143
FRACT
.030
.021
.020
.017
.024
.021
.019
.034
.017
.033
.031
.028
.026
.019
.011
.018
.018
FUEL
CITY
16.7
16.5
17.2
16.6
17.0
17.3
18.9
21.9
20.4
22.5
22.8
23.8
23.1
23.0
22.6
23.1
23.7
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
25.0
24.6
25.0
24.4
25.6
26.7
27.0
32.7
29.9
34.6
34.5
36.3
35.7
35.7
35.0
35.1
35.6
19.7
19.4
20.0
19.4
20.1
20.6
21.9
25.7
23.9
26.7
26.9
28.1
27.5
27.4
26.9
27.3
27.9
WT
3015
3032
3062
3079
3026
2954
3005
2726
2756
2886
2826
2915
2920
2940
3030
3004
2983
VOL
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.1
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.3
10.6
13.0
11.8
12.1
11.7
11.7
11.5
11.2
10.2
10.1
10.3
DISP
(IN)
173
187
183
187
180
180
202
146
146
174
158
166
167
170
198
167
161
HP
125
136
134
143
128
121
142
106
115
121
123
130
134
138
160
163
163
HP/
CID
.764
.752
.755
.795
.735
.702
.758
.734
.778
.717
.806
.818
.830
.845
.891
1.023
1.044
HP/
WT
.0406
.0429
.0421
.0446
.0411
.0400
.0469
.0377
.0411
.0410
.0425
.0430
.0442
.0455
.0509
.0520
.0519
CID/
WT
.0542
.0581
.0566
.0573
.0567
.0589
.0652
.0518
.0528
.0586
.0542
.0546
.0547
.0556
.0615
.0530
.0513
CD- FT
-MPG
1032
1002
1039
1058
1125
1337
1216
1423
1443
1504
1487
1505
1508
1462
1511
PERCENT OF TWO-SEATERS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
47
17
17
25
29
32
41
32
29
36
.8
.1
.9
.0
.8
.7
.9
.6 16.5
.5
.8
MANUAL
TRANS
74.6
70.5
70.5
71.8
72.8
74.0
61.3
69.2
81.0
60.4
67.4
62.4
64.0
62.1
51.5
66.7
67.3
FUEL
FI
42.4
37.1
40.2
46.9
31.5
34.4
55.4
32.8
40.3
73.6
64.9
81.7
85.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
9.5
53.1
11.6
11.7
14.6
26.1
14.2
9.6
13.3
42.4
37.1
40.2
46.9
31.5
34.4
55.4
23.3
40.3
20.5
53.3
70.0
71.3
73.9
85.8
90.4
86.7
CARB DSL
57.
62.
59.
53.
68.
65.
44.
67.
59.
26.
35.
18.
14.
6
9
8
1
5
6
6
2
7
4
1
3
1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
16.4
22.9
22.3
22.7
18.6
17.6
23.4
57.3
17.1
57.0
37.1
46.7
36.1
36.3
30.7
20.2
16.2
50.1
49.3
50.0
44.0
36.8
36.9
23.4
6.7
9.6
3.8
4.8
6.9
7.2
8.1
14.4
7.8
11.2
33.6
27.8
27.7
33.3
44.6
45.5
53.2
36.0
73.3
39.3
58.1
46.4
56.7
55.6
54.8
72.0
72.5
-29-
-------
TABLE 15 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
MINI COMPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
941
913
915
901
436
383
227
178
156
42
73
176
71
43
28
76
104
FRACT
.114
.094
.081
.081
.040
.041
.026
.023
.020
.004
.007
.016
.007
.004
.003
.008
.013
FUEL
CITY
19.6
22.4
24.2
24.1
24.1
24.5
30.6
31.7
31.5
21.6
31.1
26.1
26.2
26.8
23.0
22.4
24.7
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
29.3
32.3
34.4
32.8
33.7
34.3
40.1
41.5
42.7
32.9
44.8
39.1
38.7
38.7
33.7
33.5
36.1
23.0
26.0
27.9
27.4
27.6
28.1
34.3
35.5
35.7
25.6
36.0
30.7
30.7
31.1
26.9
26.3
28.8
WT
2721
2688
2544
2583
2450
2458
2164
2193
2273
2855
2300
2407
2636
2619
2866
3019
2915
VOL
78.8
79.1
79.7
82.8
82.6
82.7
82.0
75.9
79.2
80.5
77.2
77.9
77.2
80.7
76.1
0-60
TIME
15.2
15.1
14.0
14.1
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.2
10.5
13.4
12.8
11.3
11.7
10.7
10.5
10.8
DISP
(IN)
128
124
116
120
113
116
92
95
99
151
114
113
140
135
147
148
127
HP
82
80
83
83
77
78
67
70
77
141
95
104
130
129
148
145
136
HP/
CID
.669
.673
.756
.730
.689
.675
.723
.727
.754
.927
.818
.881
.916
.906
.970
.969
1.072
HP/
WT
.0298
.0297
.0326
.0322
.0312
.0314
.0307
.0311
.0327
.0484
.0380
.0403
.0469
.0462
.0504
.0475
.0463
CID/
WT
.0459
.0453
.0444
.0453
.0456
.0466
.0425
.0427
.0430
.0519
.0461
.0447
.0507
.0495
.0506
.0488
.0432
CU-FT
-MPG
2297
2256
2239
2385
2909
3065
3094
2016
3406
2902
2721
2877
2157
2146
2213
PERCENT OF H1NICOMPACT SEDANS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
19.6
22.1
25.4
22.3
44.8
47.2
83.2
80.4
81.8
30.6
67.7
54.6
54.9
62.4
62.4 3.5
11.4
52.2 .6
MANUAL
TRANS
67.7
63.5
70.6
63.0
73.4
60.0
81.2
80.8
80.9
84.3
86.1
82.7
81.9
76.6
65.3
61.6
55.9
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4
1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85.9
77.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4
1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85.9
77.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB DSL
88.5
95.5
98.1
98.5
96.6
98.4
99.0
93.6
79.4
7.4
53.1
47.8
14.1
23.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
49.8
50.3
16.8
36.5
39.4
47.0
.1
.2
.2
.1
19.4
10.4
8.2
4.6
6.6
9.5
5.9
19.9
21.4
96.9
49.5
43.8
69.4
62.7
74.6
20.6
10.0
30.8
39.3
75.1
58.9
54.0
43.5
94.1
80.0
78.4
2.9
50.4
56.2
30.6
37.3
25.4
79.4
90.0
-30-
-------
TABLE 16 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
SUBCOMPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
1011
1368
1577
2056
3044
3552
2712
2329
1968
2545
2181
2376
2088
2110
1946
2104
2048
.123
.141
.140
.184
.282
.376
.311
.298
.246
.238
.202
.216
.195
.197
.194
.218
.258
FUEL
CITY
16.6
19.3
20.9
21.5
21.1
23.7
25.8
25.3
25.9
25.4
25.9
26.4
26.8
27.8
26.9
27.2
26.8
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
23.8
27.0
28.9
30.0
29.3
32.9
35.0
35.5
37.2
36.9
37.4
37.9
38.4
39.2
38.6
38.6
39.1
19.2
22.2
23.9
24.6
24.1
27.1
29.3
29.1
30.0
29.6
30.1
30.6
31.1
31.9
31.2
31.4
31.2
WT
3242
3033
2966
2842
2847
2640
2604
2657
2687
2737
2734
2764
2728
2677
2748
2755
2776
VOL
90.7
89.7
90.4
89.9
90.3
91.8
93.3
93.3
93.9
94.7
92.7
93.3
93.1
94.5
94.7
0-60
TIME
14.2
14.7
14.2
14.4
14.2
14.7
14.7
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.4
13.4
13.7
13.4
13.0
12.3
12.2
DISP
(IN)
206
181
174
159
155
128
124
133
136
140
136
136
128
123
129
121
125
HP
107
97
98
93
94
82
81
86
90
97
100
100
99
100
104
111
113
HP/
CID
.585
.607
.633
.649
.659
.669
.676
.666
.693
.722
.760
.765
.795
.823
.852
.957
.944
HP/
WT
.0329
.0316
.0325
.0321
.0323
.0308
.0308
.0317
.0330
.0348
.0358
.0354
.0350
.0360
.0369
.0396
.0401
CID/
WT
.0607
.0561
.0548
.0523
.0515
.0470
.0464
.0487
.0489
.0496
.0481
.0477
.0452
.0444
.0452
.0427
.0440
CU-FT
-MPG
2329
2387
2296
2523
2744
2792
2941
2883
2941
3018
2995
3119
3045
3071
3063
PERCENT OF SUBCOHPACT SEDANS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
17.6
13.1
19.4
22.3
25.9
35.3
36.0
39.8
53.4
49.8
58.7
64.5
69.1
77.3
72.3
84.8
87.8
4WD
.4
.3
.2
.2
.5
.3
1.1
.5
1.3
1.1
.6
1.2
MANUAL
TRANS
40.9
42.8
46.5
54.4
51.5
58.2
58.9
55.1
55.8
51.5
49.4
50.3
51.3
52.9
46.5
43.8
40.6
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
18.1
24.2
31.9
33.9
41.4
47.0
51.7
65.1
95.8
99.5
3.2
2.7
3.0
5.1
4.9
6.8
15.5
20.6
25.5
27.0
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
14.8
21.5
28.9
28.8
36.5
40.3
36.2
44.5
70.3
72.6
CARS
91.1
96.9
86.3
86.6
91.3
85.6
82.4
77.8
74.6
66.3
65.9
58.5
52.9
48.3
34.9
4.2
.5
DSL
1.2
1.8
1.5
3.4
5.5
4.1
1.2
1.7
.2
.1
.1
.0
.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
55.9
55.9
53.6
45.5
54.9
44.0
34.9
32.2
31.2
38.8
35.0
32.2
25.1
21.0
24.8
17.2
32.7
22.8
17.0
19.7
20.0
13.6
15.6
12.8
11.3
9.3
11.6
7.5
6.4
10.1
7.0
5.4
3.9
3.7
21.3
27.1
26.8
34.6
31.5
40.4
52.3
56.5
59.5
49.6
57.6
61.4
64.8
72.0
69.7
78.8
63.6
-31-
-------
TABLE 17•-- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
COMPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1893
2557
2767
1482
668
690
976
1268
1456
2731
2929
3348
4012
4317
3585
3138
2185
FRACT
.230
.263
.245
.133
.062
.073
.112
.162
.182
.256
.271
.304
.374
.403
.358
.326
.276
FUEL
CITY
14.3
15.5
15.8
17.5
17.1
19.4
23.0
24.7
24.7
25.6
25.7
25.7
25.5
25.6
25.6
25.1
24.9
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
19.3
21.0
21.4
24.7
23.5
27.6
33.5
37.0
36.2
36.9
37.2
37.2
37.3
37.6
37.5
37.4
37.1
16.2
17.5
17.9
20.2
19.5
22.4
26.7
29.0
28.8
29.7
29.8
29.8
29.7
29.9
29.9
29.4
29.2
WT
3958
4025
4128
3552
3624
3184
2825
2794
2844
2798
2804
2819
2836
2889
2886
2968
2990
VOL
107.3
105.1
105.3
106.2
104.3
102.9
103.2
103.1
103.1
103.2
102.8
103.6
102.8
103.2
104.6
0-60
TIME
14.6
15.2
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.2
14.6
14.4
14.3
13.5
13.5
13.3
12.9
12.7
12.3
12.0
DISP
(IN)
287
289
291
236
246
186
142
128
141
136
138
137
135
136
130
138
136
HP
129
125
131
113
117
102
91
86
91
90
98
98
100
108
108
117
122
HP/
CID
.454
.434
.452
.506
.495
.577
.671
.695
.677
.687
.727
.735
.759
.798
.837
.848
.901
HP/
WT
.0322
.0307
.0315
.0318
.0321
.0324
.0325
.0310
.0318
.0321
.0347
.0346
.0351
.0369
.0372
.0391
.0407
CID/
WT
.0717
.0712
.0700
.0652
.0671
.0579
.0497
.0454
.0484
.0479
.0486
.0479
.0470
.0467
.0448
.0465
.0454
CU-FT
-MPG
1946
2163
2095
2438
2852
3035
3051
3134
3155
3143
3110
3147
3110
3078
3099
PERCENT OF COMPACT SEDANS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
2.4
2.5
2.3
17.8
13.6
56.8
81.4
84.8
74.7
82.0
85.3
86.6
90.5
91.2
95.8
96.0
95.6
4WD
5.8
2.1
1.9
2.2
.8
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.7
1.0
MANUAL
TRANS
8.1
6.3
4.4
10.0
9.0
14.5
32.9
34.8
32.3
28.4
28.3
28.5
29.5
25.6
26.1
24.1
21.1
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
21.5
50.6
54.0
70.8
76.4
74.6
91.4
94.9
99.9
99.8
13.1
37.4
32.4
46.9
43.4
42.2
42.7
40.0
38,8
14.9
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
8.3
13.2
21.6
24.0
33.0
32.4
48.7
54.9
61.1
84.8
CARB
94.6
95.4
95.1
88.8
77.2
80.9
86.0
73.2
45.1
43.1
26.7
22.9
25.1
8.6
5.0
DSL
1.0
.9
1.1
2.2
8.0
8.4
6.0
5.3
4.4
2.8
2.4
.7
.3
.1
.1
.2
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
94.4
96.5
96.6
92.3
81.5
79.1
86.0
81.4
77.3
81.4
71.7
65.3
52.6
59.2
53.7
59.0
49.3
5.6
3.5
3.4
7.7
18.5
20.9
14.0
13.7
12.7
6.7
11.0
9.6
7.4
5.1
6.0
5.3
6.0
4.9
10.0
11.9
17.3
25.2
40.0
35.7
40.3
35.7
44.7
-32-
-------
TABLE 18 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
MIDSIZE SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1631
1964
2226
3339
3211
2987
2902
2136
2269
2770
2777
2666
2252
2113
2591
2378
2011
FRACT
.198
.202
.197
.299
.297
.316
.332
.273
.284
.260
.257
.242
.210
.197
.259
.247
.254
FUEL
CITY
11.7
13.6
14.3
16.0
16.7
18.6
19.8
20.5
20.4
20.5
21.2
21.9
22.0
22.3
22.2
21.6
21.4
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
16.9
19.4
20.2
23.0
23.2
26.9
28.6
30.5
30.3
30.6
31.9
33.4
33.6
35.1
35.3
35.0
34.6
13.6
15.7
16.4
18.6
19.1
21.6
22.9
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.9
25.9
26.0
26.7
26.6
26.1
25.8
WT
4630
4558
4473
3820
3710
3362
3346
3321
3316
3318
3318
3241
3247
3293
3314
3448
3463
VOL
112.9
113.0
113.1
113.2
113.9
113.9
113.8
113.7
113.6
113.8
113.7
113.4
117.6
113.7
113.6
0-60
TIME
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.4
13.6
13.8
14.2
14.2
13.8
13.6
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.2
11.5
11.5
DISP
(IN)
353
343
332
292
272
228
220
211
212
210
205
194
188
183
181
187
195
HP
158
156
151
135
128
113
107
107
111
113
117
118
123
129
131
149
149
HP/
CID
.447
.454
.454
.464
.474
.512
.509
.529
.544
.563
.606
.640
.684
.718
.735
.807
.773
HP/
WT
.0341
.0340
.0337
.0353
.0345
.0336
.0322
.0324
.0336
.0342
.0354
.0364
.0379
.0389
.0396
.0431
.0430
CID/
WT
.0761
.0749
.0741
.0762
.0731
.0671
.0648
.0627
.0632
.0623
.0606
.0589
.0571
.0551
.0544
.0542
.0562
CU-FT
-MPG
1880
2139
2197
2478
2645
2785
2769
2780
2873
2978
2993
3057
3168
2993
2954
PERCENT OF MIDSIZE SEDANS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
2.
2.
2.
1.
5.
30.
32.
44.
48.
55.
61.
71.
77.
87.
86.
85.
86.
7
5
1
4
2
2
3
7
9
1
9
0 .1
3 .2
0 .1
5 .1
5 .1
4 .1
MANUAL
TRANS
.6
.4
.3
1.7
1.9
7.8
5.6
2.0
1.2
.9
1.3
1.8
1.5
3.8
4.7
11.1
5.6
FUEL
FI
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
15.6
17.7
29.4
50.1
67.7
84.1
94.9
99.3
100.0
99.9
METERING
TBI PORT
1.5
2.3
15.4
17.2
25.6
37.1
42.3
43.4
28.0
21.0
12.9
12.8
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
1.0
.1
.2
.5
3.8
13.0
25.4
40.7
66.9
78.3
87.0
87.2
CARB
99.3
99.4
99.3
98.6
96.3
94.9
93.7
80.7
80.6
69.7
49.6
32.1
15.5
5.1
.7
DSL
1.4
2.5
4.0
3.8
1.7
1.0
.3
.2
.4
.0
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
99.3
99.8
99.7
99.8
99.5
99.5
99.9
99.8
99.3
97.3
96.5
95.6
95.3
87.8
86.2
83.2
84.3
.7
.2
.3
.2
.5
.5
.1
.2
.7
2.7
3.5
4.4
4.7
5.6
3.8
4.1
3.7
6.5
10.1
12.8
12.0
-33-
-------
TABLE 19 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
LARGE SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1555
1679
2319
2048
2111
963
956
832
1079
1236
1512
1267
1218
1303
1289
1399
1033
FRACT
.189
.173
.205
.183
.196
.102
.109
.106
.135
.116
.140
.115
.113
.122
.129
.145
.130
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
11.3
12.3
13.8
14.5
15.2
16.3
17.1
17.4
16.9
17.2
18.5
19.6
19.5
19.8
19.6
19.2
19.3
16.2
17.2
19.5
20.9
21.1
24.1
26.7
26.9
26.4
26.9
29.8
32.7
32.8
33.2
33.0
32.6
32.7
13.1
14.2
15.9
16.8
17.4
19.1
20.4
20.7
20.2
20.5
22.3
23.9
23.9
24.2
24.0
23.5
23.7
WT
5142
5156
4482
4394
4210
4130
4108
4034
4041
4022
3841
3719
3696
3730
3721
3813
3884
VOL
128.1
128.5
130.0
130.9
131.0
131.0
131.3
130.9
129.3
127.4
127.0
128.1
127.4
127.5
128.1
0-60
TIME
13.5
13.4
12.8
12.8
12.9
14.0
14.3
13.9
13.4
13.4
12.7
12.1
11.8
10.8
11.4
11.5
11.1
DISP
(IN)
409
410
366
357
339
314
304
292
292
294
279
260
259
262
261
266
266
HP
180
180
165
162
154
137
133
135
140
140
143
147
149
172
158
159
171
HP/
CID
.439
.440
.453
.457
.454
.440
.444
.468
.481
.478
.512
.577
.587
.661
.619
.613
.656
HP/
WT
.0348
.0349
.0370
.0370
.0365
.0331
.0325
.0337
.0347
.0349
.0371
.0396
.0405
.0461
.0427
.0420
.0443
CID/
WT
.0794
.0793
.0818
.0811
.0805
.0759
.0740
.0724
.0724
.0731
.0725
.0696
.0699
.0701
.0701
.0696
.0683
CU-FT
-MPG
2065
2193
2279
2526
2712
2730
2657
2688
2887
3055
3036
3111
3064
3011
3040
PERCENT OF LARGE SEDANS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
1.5
'1.5
1.5
1.1
31.9
55.9
60.9
58,7
61.9
57.2
62.0
MANUAL
TRANS
.0
.0
.7
.5
.4
.3
.2
.2
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
1.2
.5
.2
.2
2.0
17.1
20.1
37.3
39.0
64.0
81.2
85.1
89.5
97.0
98.1
99.4
2.0
17.1
20.1
37.3
39.0
44.9
15.8
15.2
12.6
22.2
17.4
11.8
1.2
.5
.2
.2
19.1
65.4
69.9
76.9
74.8
80.7
87.6
100
98
99
98
96
87
67
69
60
60
35
18
14
10
3
1
.0
.8
.5
.5 1.4
.4 3.5
.5 10.4
.7 15.2
.9 10.0
.3 2.4
.3 .8
.7 .3
.8
.9
.5
.0
.9
.6
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
98
95
96
97
97
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
.9
.9
.0
.9
.5
1
4
4
2
2
.0
.0
.8
.1
.1
.0
.1
.5
-34-
-------
TABLE 20 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
SMALL WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
477
345
384
361
310
310
418
382
531
461
496
348
361
253
159
153
195
FRACT
.058
.036
.034
.032
.029
.033
.048
.049
.066
.043
.046
.032
.034
.024
.016
.016
.025
FUEL
CITY
19.3
20.7
22.4
21.4
22.5
25.1
26.2
26.5
28.2
27.6
28.3
27.1
26.8
27.5
27.5
25.7
26.0
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
27.7
29.4
30.6
29.3
31.2
34.6
36.6
37.6
39.1
39.4
39.7
37.6
37.4
37.6
38.3
36.6
38.0
22.4
23.9
25.5
24.3
25.7
28.6
30.0
30.6
32.2
31.9
32.5
31.0
30.7
31.3
31.5
29.7
30.3
UT
2833
2902
2801
2805
2711
2591
2531
2580
2565
2620
2579
2647
2795
2757
2766
3022
2995
VOL
108.0
108.0
105.1
108.2
110.6
112.2
108.2
116.5
117.7
118.4
120.0
118.7
118.6
121.8
123.0
0-60
TIME
14.8
15.2
14.9
14.3
15.1
15.4
14.4
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.2
14.7
14.2
13.7
13.5
12.9
13.2
DISP
(IN)
128
136
134
134
123
113
108
109
105
107
106
113
116
113
112
122
121
HP
87
86
85
90
81
75
79
75
74
77
78
82
91
93
96
110
106
HP/
CIO
.713
.668
.685
.709
.684
.685
.755
.698
.713
.719
.727
.730
.788
.829
.862
.914
.879
HP/
WT
.0307
.0297
.0305
.0319
.0295
.0289
.0313
.0289
.0289
.0294
.0300
.0308
.0324
.0336
.0344
.0364
.0353
CID/
WT
.0443
.0461
.0465
.0465
.0443
.0430
.0422
.0418
.0407
.0409
.0412
.0424
.0413
.0408
.0403
.0403
.0406
CU-FT
-MPG
2824
2692
2742
3175
3356
3463
3507
3762
3870
3729
3733
3748
3769
3649
3775
PERCENT OF SMALL WAGONS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
13.3
12.2
23.3
23.0
13.3
24.4
57.9
68.3
55.4
81.4
60.0
78.4
76.6
80.2
89.9
77.0
83.6
4WD
12.1
9.8
8.0
8.9
39.3
15.6
39.6
20.7
23.4
19.8
10.1
23.0
16.4
MANUAL
TRANS
48.6
42.8
52.9
56.3
59.3
67.3
62.0
54.0
64.7
43.7
59.1
43.3
34.4
37.8
26.6
30.5
25.0
FUEL
FI
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
5.6
20.7
37.3
21.7
31.0
71.8
93.4
89.7
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
.7
17.0
32.2
15.4
24.3
42.6
62.8
48.8
39.2
15.6
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
4.8
3.7
5.1
6.2
6.8
29.2
30.6
41.0
60.8
84.4
CARB
99.2
96.8
93.0
93.1
99.0
92.5
93.9
93.3
79.0
61.1
77.8
68.2
28.2
6.6
10.3
DSL
.6
6.3
2.2
1.2
.3
1.6
.5
.8
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
34.8
49.7
37.4
33.7
32.5
19.2
41.6
44.9
35.0
53.4
35.2
49.1
35.1
34.5
36.3
28.6
44.2
10.9
5.2
7.2
9.6
1.4
6.7
3.5
1.8
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.8
6.5
2.0
1.3
54.3
45.1
55.4
56.7
66.1
74.1
54.8
53.3
64.0
45.2
63.4
49.6
63.1
58.9
61.8
70.2
55.8
-35-
-------
TABLE 21 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
MIDSIZE WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
289
485
548
503
482
257
272
284
276
365
341
409
359
285
239
166
163
FRACT
.035
.050
.048
.045
.045
.027
.031
.036
.034
.034
.032
.037
.033
.027
.024
.017
.021
FUEL
CITY
11.4
14.0
14.4
16.3
16.9
18.4
20.2
20.6
21.2
21.6
21.6
22.1
21.7
22.0
21.4
21.1
21.4
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
16.5
19.4
19.6
22.6
22.9
25.8
28.0
28.9
29.9
31.0
31.6
33.1
33.0
34.4
33.8
34.4
35.0
13.2
16.0
16.3
18.6
19.1
21.1
23.1
23.7
24.4
25.0
25.2
26.0
25.6
26.2
25.6
25.6
25.9
UT
4791
4555
4410
3836
3758
3534
3285
3384
3348
3298
3356
3355
3434
3378
3436
3492
3502
VOL
143.6
140.0
139.7
139.7
136.2
136.1
136.2
135.9
130.2
137.8
140.2
139.4
139.9
140.3
141.7
0-60
TIME
13.8
14.8
15.1
14.4
14.7
15.0
14.5
14.3
14.1
14.1
13.9
13.6
13.0
12.7
12.4
12.0
11.9
DISP
(IN)
361
315
297
258
249
228
193
205
200
172
170
162
173
171
176
182
188
HP
162
142
135
123
118
107
103
108
109
107
112
115
125
126
132
140
141
HP/
CID
.473
.458
.459
.484
.480
.482
.562
.551
.568
.633
.679
.718
.735
.743
.765
.787
.765
HP/
UT
.0338
.0311
.0305
.0320
.0313
.0304
.0316
.0320
.0325
.0324
.0334
.0342
.0363
.0372
.0383
.0401
.0403
CID/
WT
.0744
.0686
.0667
.0670
.0660
.0644
.0582
.0599
.0589
.0521
.0505
.0481
.0500
.0505
.0509
.0520
.0537
CU-FT
-MPG
2368
2630
2698
2984
3187
3265
3368
3428
3280
3592
3606
3677
3597
3598
3680
PERCENT OF MIDSIZE WAGONS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
35.6
28.2
32.8
69.9
69.5
82.2
83.9
87.7
77.5
79.0
85.0
4WD
4.5
2.1
.1
.7
8.2
.5
.2
MANUAL
TRANS
4.0
7.1
4.6
5.3
5.3
9.9
12.8
7.4
6.2
6.5
5.9
9.1
4.4
3.8
7.1
1.9
1.4
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
30.7
56.2
79.3
94.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.3
30.5
28.0
22.8
29.8
12.3
5.3
1.9
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
10.4
25.7
51.3
71.7
70.2
87.7
94.7
98.1
92.2
96.5
96.2
96.8
95.0
89.8
87.2
88.0
89.8
66.8
42.0
20.6
4.7
DSL
.2
.1
.3
.3
2.5
5.9
5.9
6.3
2.3
2.5
1.8
.2
.8
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
91.7
96.4
96.2
96.7
96.4
93.6
91.2
90.8
90.5
88.1
83.2
76.2
84.9
82.3
76.3
76.6
82.9
8.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.6
6.4
8.8
9.2
9.5
11.9
11.4
11.1
11.3
13.9
15.6
23.4
17.1
5.4
12.7
3.8
3.7
8.0
-36-
-------
TABLE 22 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
LARGE WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
197
207
340
293
275
102
108
146
130
176
145
120
88
75
63
46
44
FRACT
.024
.021
.030
.026
.026
.011
.012
.019
.016
.017
.013
.011
.008
.007
.006
.005
.006
FUEL
CITY
10.3
11.8
13.6
13.8
14.2
16.3
16.7
16.0
16.3
16.6
17.3
18.1
18.3
19.0
18.7
19.1
18.5
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
14.9
16.5
18.7
19.7
19.3
24.2
26.0
25.4
25.9
26.3
28.0
30.0
29.9
30.4
29.9
30.7
31.5
11.9
13.5
15.5
15.9
16.1
19.1
19.9
19.2
19.6
19.9
20.9
22.0
22.1
22.8
22.5
23.0
22.8
WT
5453
5444
4713
4664
4466
4423
4394
4396
4379
4371
4354
4381
4348
4349
4334
4260
4288
VOL
163.1
162.4
162.5
161.5
161.4
161.3
161.6
161.7
161.7
161.4
161.8
161.7
161.8
162.3
167.8
0-60
TIME
14.0
13.7
13.6
13.4
13.4
15.2
15.3
14.6
14.1
13.9
13.2
13.9
14.0
12.9
13.9
13.6
12.5
DISP
(IN)
410
416
365
354
333
323
312
306
307
305
305
304
304
-304
304
305
304
HP
181
185
161
162
155
134
131
139
142
144
153
146
143
166
143
145
161
HP/
CID
.441
.445
.442
.460
.465
.418
.424
.456
.465
.472
.504
.479
.470
.545
.471
.476
.532
HP/
UT
.0333
.0340
.0342
.0348
.0346
.0304
.0299
.0316
.0325
.0330
.0354
.0334
.0330
.0387
.0332
.0342
.0377
CID/
UT
.0752
.0763
.0773
.0758
.0746
.0733
.0712
.0697
.0702
.0700
.0702
.0696
.0702
.0701
.0703
.0717
.0711
CU-FT
-MPG
2567
2601
2633
3152
3272
3130
3174
3227
3382
3558
3583
3691
3643
3737
3818
PERCENT OF LARGE WAGONS:
MODEL DRIVE MANUAL
YEAR FRONT 4UD TRANS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
FUEL
FI
.2
24.1
25.8
29.2
23.7
30.3
30.2
33.1
47,9
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
.2
24.1
25.8
29.2
23.7
30.3
30.2
33.1
47.9
57.6 42.4
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
100.0
73.3
74.6
89.0
71.3
72.7
70.4
76.3
69.7
69.8
66.9
52.1
DSL
1.4
26.7
25.2
11.0
4.6
1.5
.4
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9 .1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-37-
-------
TABLE 23 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL PICKUP
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
217
227
306
339
459
489
449
591
875
905
886
1253
1108
1040
882
525
576
FRACT
.109
.087
.109
.104
.149
.262
.247
.309
.381
.271
.242
.288
.268
.228
.199
.135
.144
FUEL
CITY
19.0
20.2
22.8
23.3
20.5
22.4
24.9
24.1
23.5
22.6
23.4
23.4
23.3
22.9
22.8
22.4
21.9
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
27.5
29.4
32.4
31.1
28.3
30.2
33.4
33.2
32.7
32.0
32.8
32.6
33.1
32.2
32.0
31.5
31.0
22.1
23.5
26.3
26.3
23.4
25.3
28.1
27.5
26.9
26.0
26.9
26.8
26.9
26.3
26.2
25.7
25.2
UT VOL 0-60
TIME
2821
2829
2820
2844
2832
2792
2822
2880
2978
3080
2974
3003
3018
3077
3133
3236
3300
14.7
14.6
14.2
14.7
14.9
14.5
15.2
14.3
14.5
14.9
14.0
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.0
12.4
12.3
DISP
(IN)
116
117
121
120
123
123
129
144
145
146
148
145
147
153
161
165
181
HP
88
90
91
88
84
86
83
93
92
93
98
101
103
106
112
124
130
HP/
CIO
.762
.772
.756
.731
.692
.706
.647
.645
.641
.638
.663
.697
.695
.690
.704
.762
.728
HP/
UT
.0315
.0320
.0325
.0310
.0300
.0311
.0295
.0322
.0311
.0302
.0330
.0337
.0340
.0343
.0356
.0384
.0393
CID/
UT
.0412
.0414
.0431
.0424
.0434
.0441
.0457
.0501
.0486
.0474
.0499
.0482
.0488
.0496
.0510
.0508
.0546
PERCENT OF SMALL PICKUPS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
5.4
7.4
5.4
3.5
1.4
.0
.0
4WD
6.9
20.5
13.1
16.3
10.7
16.7
21.9
8.2
8.2
7.5
8.8
7.3
8.6
9.0
MANUAL
TRANS
83.1
81.4
82.3
88.1
88.1
88.6
92.3
78.8
77.1
75.3
71.7
78.2
74.7
72.1
72.4
68.3
58.1
FUEL
FI
3.1
2.0
.6
.2
.0
19.5
44.5
53.4
65.3
75.8
93.8
96.7
METERING
TBI PORT
25.1
32.1
33.3
38.0
14.9
35.6
19.4
21.3
32.1
37.8
78.9
61.1
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.6
79.9
86.8
95.2
96.7
79.1
54.7
46.3
34.7
24.2
6.2
3.3
DSL
2.3
18.0
12.7
4.6
3.2
1.5
.7
.3
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
38
52
55
52
35
44
61
55
66
76
.7
.5
.8
.1
.6
.7
.0
.2
.7
.3
.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
61.5
47.2
44.9
47.4
64.3
56.0
38.8
44.3
33.7
23.6
-38-
-------
TABLE 24 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE PICKUP
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1126
1639
1719
1928
1748
947
990
849
754
1138
1192
1279
1039
1418
1349
1373
1160
FRACT
.567
.628
.609
.589
.566
.508
.544
.444
.328
.340
.325
.294
.251
.311
.304
.354
.290
FUEL
CITY
11.5
12.4
13.4
13.3
13.1
15.4
16.7
16.8
16.2
16.6
16.4
16.8
16.9
16.4
16.3
16.4
16.7
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
15.7
16.3
17.2
16.8
16.2
20.5
22.5
22.6
22.1
22.5
22.2
22.8
23.1
23.3
23.2
23.8
24.5
13.1
13.9
14.9
14.7
14.3
17.4
18.9
19.0
18.4
18.8
18.6
19.1
19.2
19.0
18.8
19.1
19.5
UT VOL 0-60
TIME
4241
4301
4318
4326
4486
4227
4068
4151
4197
4048
4139
4133
4068
4221
4242
4219
4214
13.3
13.8
13.1
13.2
14.1
14.3
14.2
14.3
14.2
14.2
13.7
13.7
13.2
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.4
DISP HP
(IN)
343
344
347
339
330
294
285
287
289
270
275
266
261
285
285
280
274
151
146
156
154
149
134
130
133
135
131
141
139
145
161
163
,162
163
HP/
CID
.438
.423
.449
.454
.452
.467
.464
.475
.479.
.503
.533
.550
.578
.580
.586
.598
.618
HP/
UT
.0358
.0341
.0363
.0357
.0334
.0318
.0321
.0322
.0323
.0324
.0341
.0335
.0355
.0380
.0383
.0383
.0386
CID/
WT
.0813
.0804
.0805
.0786
.0737
.0691
.0700
.0688
.0687
.0660
.0660
.0636
.0632
.0669
.0666
.0654
.0640
PERCENT OF LARGE PICKUPS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.3
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
4UD
16.1
23.8
25.2
30.5
10.5
25.2
17.1
22.6
28.4
27.0
38.2
41.8
44.8
42.8
43.0
35.8
40.3
MANUAL
TRANS
33.0
32.9
27.7
28.5
27.3
43.4
42.0
36.6
32.2
38.6
36.6
38.9
41.1
35.5
39.3
35.2
35.9
FUEL
FI
1.7
13.3
33.2
64.8
97.1
99.0
94.1
96.1
METERING
TBI PORT
.5
10.2
31.9
59.3
59.7
50.9
52.2
23.0
32.9
37.9
39.4
43.2
43.9
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
96.9
94.9
97.8
91.4
95.9
96.0
85.6
66.3
34.9
2.6
.7
5.7
3.0
DSL
1.4
3.1
5.1
2.2
8.6
4.1
2.3
1.1
.5
.3
.3
.3
.2
.9
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100
100
100
100
100
93
94
91
92
80
85
81
82
88
87
80
77
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
.9
.8
.1
.6
.7
.6
.0
.3
.6
.7
.1
6.4
5.1
8.2
7.9
19.4
14.3
18.4
18.0
11.7
12.4
19.3
22.9
- -39-
-------
TABLE 25 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL VAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
1
1
2
3
8
16
11
15
14
217
442
650
868
804
922
968
759
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.008
.006
.008
.006
.065
.121
.149
.210
.176
.208
.249
.190
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
18.0
16.8
19.1
17.4
16.5
16.3
16.3
19.7
17.4
21.9
20.7
20.1
20.0
19.8
19.8
19.4
19.5
25.3
25.8
27.6
24.5
22.6
23.9
22.3
24.9
23.5
29.2
28.2
28.5
28.7
29.1
28.9
28.7
28.6
20.7
19.9
22.2
20.0
18.7
19.0
18.5
21.7
19.7
24.7
23.5
23.2
23.2
23.1
23.1
22.8
22.8
UT VOL 0-60
TIME
3496
3500
3500
3500
3500
3618
3644
3668
3567
3380
3521
3671
3672
3816
3843
3934
3996
21.0
20.9
20.8
20.9
20.9
21.4
21.6
23.4
20.9
15.8
14.9
14.6
13.1
12.9
13.2
13.2
13.1
DISP
(IN)
109
120
120
120
120
120
120
111
118
136
169
181
185
194
191
197
199
HP
V
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
61
69
94
109
115
133
140
138
140
144
HP/
CID
.615
.558
.558
.558
.558
.558
.558
.550
.583
.694
.664
.651
.730
.732
.738
.720
.731
HP/
WT
.0192
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0186
.0185
.0168
.0194
.0281
.0310
.0313
.0362
.0366
.0358
.0357
.0360
CID/
UT
.0312
.0343
.0343
.0343
.0343
.0333
.0330
.0304
.0333
.0405
.0476
.0489
.0501
.0507
.0494
.0501
.0498
PERCENT OF SMALL VANS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
4.2
69.5
58.6
39.2
35.3
51.1
47.6
61.0
54.1
4UD
.7
2.1
12.7
1.1
1.0
8.2
10.3
MANUAL
TRANS
70.8
84.8
89.9
85.0
81.2
82.9
81.2
89.0
76.9
30.2
15.3
12.0
13.3
4.8
3.7
2.2
2.4
FUEL
FI
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.7
93.6
30.5
17.8
49.4
81.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT CARB DSL
26.1
23.6
36.0
34.1
35.0
27,2
38.3
6.4
68.6 .9
82.2
23.3 50.3 .3
58.3 18.1
64.0
65.9
65.0
72.8
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
4.2
62.8
78.9
84.3
85.5
93.1
92.5
92.0
86.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.8
37.2
21.1
15.7
14.5
6.9
7.5
8.0
13.8
-40-
-------
TABLE 26 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE VAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
455
500
512
622
472
226
234
296
368
459
412
394
398
329
355
308
340
FRACT
.229
.191
.181
.190
.153
.121
.128
.154
.160
.137
.112
.091
.096
.072
.080
.079
.085
FUEL
CITY
11.7
12.3
13.3
12.9
12.2
14.6
15.5
15.3
15.6
15.0
14.5
15.3
T4.9
15.3
15.0
14.9
14.8
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
15.2
16.4
17.0
16.2
15.4
19.5
20.5
20.2
21.1
20.6
19.5
20.7
20.6
21.4
21.3
21.4
22.0
13.1
13.8
14.7
14.2
13.5
16.5
17.4
17.1
17.7
17.1
16.4
17.4
17.1
17.5
17.3
17.3
17.4
WT VOL 0-60
TIME
4198
4202
4255
4253
4559
4404
4357
4376
4445
4402
4462
4537
4599
4632
4614
4627
4769
13.9
13.7
13.2
13.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.8
14.7
14.5
13.9
14.2
13.5
13.3
13.1
12.5
12.5
DISP
(IN)
318
324
333
330
325
299
292
296
301
302
308
304
310
313
315
320
319
HP
143
146
153
149
146
135
132
136
139
141
150
148
161
164
168
178
183
HP/
CID
.447
.447
.458
.453
.449
.452
.453
.459
.461
.464
.487
.485
.516
.522
.529
.552
.572
HP/
WT
.0341
.0348
.0360
.0352
.0320
.0307
.0303
.0310
.0312
.0319
.0336
.0326
.0350
.0355
.0365
.0385
.0384
CID/
WT
.0759
.0774
.0783
.0778
.0714
.0680
.0670
.0676
.0677
.0689
.0691
.0672
.0676
.0679
.0685
.0693
.0670
PERCENT OF LARGE VANS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE MANUAL
FRONT 4UD TRANS
23.3
20.3
14.0
12.7
13.6
22.0
.3 19.1
12.0
9.6
8.5
4.2
2.8
10.3 2.7
1.1
.9
.2
.3
FUEL
FI
METERING
TBI PORT
CARB
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
DSL
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100
.0
100.0
100.0
19
70
98
99
99
99
.4
.1
.8
.8
.7
.4
33.1
59.5
61.8
61.7
42.3
19
37
39
37
38
57
.4
.0
.3
.9
.0
.1
100
100
100
95
98
99
80
29
.0
.0
.0
.6
.6
.4
.2
.6
.8
4.4
1.4
.6
.5
.2
.4
.2
.3
.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
-41-
-------
TABLE 27 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL UTILITY
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
53
60
73
93
105
60
43
42
156
417
524
569
577
763
709
534
1048
.027
.023
.026
.029
.034
.033
.023
.022
.068
.125
.143
.131
.140
.167
.160
.137
.262
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HUY 55/45
14.1
14.2
15.2
14.8
15.4
17.0
18.2
18.5
19.0
19.0
18.9
19.3
19.4
19.0
18.8
18.5
18.2
19.3
18.6
19.8
19.6
18.5
21.8
23.9
23.8
26.9
26.9
27.9
27.0
27.7
27.3
26.5
26.2
26.7
16.1
15.9
17.0
16.7
16.7
18.8
20.4
20.5
21.9
21.9
22.1
22.2
22.4
22.0
21.6
21.3
21.2
UT VOL 0-60
TIME
2897
2985
3073
3026
3196
3083
3054
2922
3512
3546
3643
3550
3512
3528
3665
3651
3890
11.9
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
14.6
13.6
13.9
14.7
15.1
15.5
14.0
13.5
12.7
12.1
12.4
11.9
DISP
(IN)
273
273
274
275
261
227
224
207
189
175
168
163
174
188
214
198
235
HP
118
108
111
110
117
95
102
97
107
105
106
116
122
134
146
142
158
HP/
CID
.429
.397
.406
.400
.463
.454
.475
.495
.586
.609
.632
.720
.716
.725
.700
.737
.684
HP/
UT
.0416
.0367
.0366
.0368
.0366
.0306
.0335
.0331
.0309
.0297
.0291
.0328
.0348
.0377
.0398
.0390
.0406
CID/
UT
.0960
.0933
.0916
.0930
.0812
.0727
.0733
.0700
.0553
.0498
.0462
.0460
.0495
.0530
.0582
.0544
.0603
PERCENT OF SMALL UTILITY;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
88.
85.
78.
83.
87.
100.
100.
74.
78.
88.
83.
89.
87.
85.
84.
86.
77.
3
6
1
2
0
0
0
2
5
1
2
6
6
7
3
5
3
MANUAL
TRANS
100.0
84.6
90.3
87.2
77.6
88.6
90.5
67.4
49.9
38.9
36.3
48.4
45.4
41.4
32.9
39.1
22.2
FUEL
FI
5.8
60.6
71.7
82.6
93.5
94.4
99.9
METERING
TBI PORT
34.9
47.0
31.2
44.2
29.7
52.3
25.7
24.8
51.4
49.3
64.7
47.5
CARB DSL
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
38
28
17
6
5
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.9 .2
.5 .9
.2 .0
.4
.5
.6
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
88
85
78
83
95
91
94
85
94
93
91
74
64
70
76
58
82
.3
.6
.1
.2
.0
.8
.0
.3
.8
.2
.2
.2
.5
.0
.9
.3
.0
11.7
14.4
21.9
16.8
5.0
8.2
6.0
14.7
5.2
6.8
8.8
25.8
35.5
30.0
23.1
41.7
18.0
-42-
-------
TABLE 28 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE UTILITY
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
134
183
210
287
296
125
93
120
132
208
212
204
143
204
216
175
120
FRACT
.067
.070
.075
.088
.096
.067
.051
.063
.057
.062
.058
.047
.035
.045
.049
.045
.030
FUEL
CITY
11.0
11.8
13.0
12.3
10.6
12.7
13.8
14.8
14.4
13.6
13.8
14.1
13.7
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.7
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
13.6
15.4
16.9
16.2
12.9
16.8
18.5
20.2
20.0
18.7
19.2
20.1
19.6
19.8
20.0
20.7
20.4
12.1
13.2
14.5
13.8
11.6
14.3
15.6
16.8
16.5
15.5
15.8
16.3
15.8
16.1
16.0
16.2
16.1
UT VOL 0-60
TIME
4724
4745
4632
4676
4975
4810
4734
4855
4905
4910
4945
4955
5093
5093
5173
5243
5303
13.9
14.4
13.9
13.4
15.0
14.8
14.8
15.4
15.3
14.7
14.2
14.4
13.1
13.3
13.2
13.0
13.1
DISP
(IN)
350
356
351
359
355
328
320
324
333
331
333
328
340
334
333
337
332
HP
157
151
155
161
153
148
145
141
145
152
161
157
185
181
184
'191
190
HP/
CID
.447
.424
.440
.449
.430
.452
.454
.438
.439
.461
.485
.481
.544
.543
.553
.567
.576
HP/
WT
.0333
.0320
.0335
.0346
.0307
.0308
.0305
.0293
.0297
.0310
.0327
.0318
.0362
.0355
.0356
.0365
.0359
CID/
UT
.0745
.0754
.0763
.0772
.0714
.0682
.0677
.0670
.0680
.0676
.0676
.0664
.0669
.0657
.0647
.0645
.0628
PERCENT OF LARGE UTILITY;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
82.
85.
84.
90.
63.
82.
86.
81.
82.
78.
.2 73.
.2 76.
68.
76.
77.
73.
73.
4
3
1
0
0
8
0
3
7
6
3
3
0
2
0
7
9
MANUAL
TRANS
17.9
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.6
21.4
18.3
16.4
10.1
10.1
7.0
6.6
5.6
3.6
3.8
2.6
1.4
FUEL
FI
4.4
19.1
66.8
89.6
93.2
95.0
93.8
METERING
TBI PORT
.2
65.6
57.2
57.6
60.4
58.3
.2
19.0
1.2
32.5
35.5
34.6
35.4
CARS
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
96.5
100.0
79.3
85.3
93.1
91.1
77.6
30.8
9.0
5.7
3.9
3.4
DSL
.2
3.5
20.7
14.7
6.9
4.5
3.3
2.3
1.4
1.1
1.1
2.8
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
95
95
95
96
90
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.4
.0
.5
.1
.7
1.1
4.6
5.0
4.5
3.9
9.3
-43-
-------
TABLE 29 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
BY MARKET SEGMENT
MODEL
YEAR
DOMESTIC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
EUROPEAN
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
ASIAN
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) I
6663
8224
9271
8958
8582
6659
6210
5471
5661
8085
7782
7503
6608
6574
6218
5814
4738
728
557
645
707
699
860
,576
528
462
657
681
747
743
642
548
445
364
846
942
1384
1510
1513
1924
1948
1819
1879
1933
2328
2765
3380
3487
3249
3379
2825
:RACT
.809
.846
.820
.802
.795
.705
.711
.700
.707
.757
.721
.681
.616
.614
.621
.603
.598
.088
.057
.057
.063
.065
.091
.066
.068
.058
.062
.063
.068
.069
.060
.055
.046
.046
.103
.097
.122
.135
.140
.204
.223
.233
.235
.181
.216
.251
.315
.326
.324
.351
.356
FUEL ECONOM
CITY HUY !
12.7 18.0
14.4 20.1
14.9 20.7
16.1 23.0
16.8 23.2
18.9 27.1
20.2 29.4
20.8 31.4
20.5 30.9
21.3 32.1
21.8 33.2
22.4 34.5
22.4 34.8
22.7 35.7
22.4 35.6
22.0 35.6
21.9 35.5
19.6 29.1
20.0 29.2
21.3 31.3
21.9 32.0
21.2 30.8
23.9 34.7
25.0 35.4
24.6 33.9
23.5 32.8
23.2 32.7
22.8 32.3
22.6 32.2
22.5 31.8
21.6 31.6
21.1 31.0
21.0 31.2
21.2 32.1
20.1 29.3
23.0 33.3
25.4 35.8
25.3 34.3
23.4 32.4
25.5 34.7
27.5 36.5
27.6 37.2
28.7 39.4
28.5 39.9
28.1 39.2
28.8 40.0
27.9 39.2
28.6 39.6
27.7 39.0
26.5 37.7
26.6 38.0
r
55/45
14.7
16.5
17.1
18.6
19.2
21.8
23.5
24.5
24.1
25.1
25.8
26.6
26.7
27.1
26.9
26.6
26.5
23.0
23.3
24.9
25.5
24.7
27.8
28.8
28.1
26.9
26.7
26.3
26.1
25.9
25.2
24.6
24.6
25.0
23.4
26.7
29.2
28.7
26.7
29.0
30.9
31.2
32.7
32.7
32.2
32.9
32.0
32.7
31.8
30.6
30.7
UT
4391
4321
4249
3854
3719
3344
3293
3248
3311
3234
3247
3200
3200
3247
3276
3356
3363
2726
2735
2687
2579
2733
2610
2785
2911
3045
2990
3073
3017
3032
3135
3214
3356
3365
2575
2550
2485
2482
2506
2482
2469
2512
2529
2569
2585
2616
2700
2662
2741
2853
2872
VOL
115.8
114.4
114.6
110.6
113.3
112.2
114.7
111.5
112.7
111.6
112.1
112.2
112.7
113.0
113.4
89.3
91.1
89.9
89.9
93.4
96.4
98.5
99.8
102.4
102.9
100.8
104.0
104.4
105.0
106.5
83.7
85.3
84.9
88.5
88.6
90.6
93.1
93.6
94.6
96.8
97.1
98.1
102.1
98.3
98.1
0-60 DISP
TIME (IN)
14.2 329
14.4 318
13.9 317
13.6 287
13.6 271
14.1 220
14.2 210
14.3 200
14.0 208
13.8 197
13.2 199
13.0 191
12.8 189
12.2 189
12.3 190
11.9 196
11.7 197
15.2 117
14.8 120
14.8 117
14.5 112
14.7 126
15.1 116
15.2 125
14.7 133
13.5 144
13.0 141
12.8 146
12.2 147
11.9 147
11.5 154
11.3 157
11.5 155
11.6 155
13.4 113
13.9 108
13.9 104
14.0 106
14.6 107
14.6 107
14.5 109
14.5 113
14.2 112
13.7 114
13.9 113
13.8 110
13.9 111
13.6 108
12.9 112
12.0 119
11.9 119
HP
147
142
144
134
129
110
106
106
111
110
117
117
121
132
129
138
142
84
86
84
83
88
80
85
93
108
110
117
123
128
138
144
148
149
93
86
84
84
78
77
78
80
83
88
89
90
93
93
102
117
120
HP/
CID
.454
.454
.460
.480
.498
.529
.549
.567
.565
.593
.625
.646
.666
.713
.705
.731
.743
.721
.723
.729
.743
.708
.693
.684
.707
.764
.793
.818
.852
.883
.901
.933
.966
.967
.814
.795
.798
.784
.734
.720
.713
.707
.731
.768
.782
.810
.827
.851
.907
.982
1.006
HP/
WT
.0332
.0324
.0337
.0346
.0345
.0328
.0323
.0323
.0331
.0336
.0357
.0364
.0374
.0400
.0392
.0411
.0420
.0301
.0312
.0311
.0318
.0317
.0305
.0303
.0316
.0354
.0367
.0380
.0400
.0414
.0431
.0442
.0435
.0433
.0355
.0334
.0333
.0332
.0310
.0309
.0314
.0315
.0322
.0340
.0339
.0338
.0338
.0344
.0367
.0402
.0410
CID/
UT
.0737
.0722
.0737
.0731
.0712
.0641
.0617
.0593
.0609
.0590
.0594
.0581
.0578
.0571
.0569
.0575
.0576
.0421
.0434
.0428
.0429
.0452
.0442
.0447
.0452
.0469
.0467
.0469
.0475
.0474
.0483
.0479
.0453
.0451
.0435
.0419
.0417
.0423
.0422
.0429
.0440
.0444
.0440
.0440
.0433
.0416
.0408
.0403
.0405
.0410
.0408
CU-FT
-MPG
2005
2170
2232
2447
2709
2804
2830
2858
2951
2999
3017
3070
3047
3031
3029
2351
2505
2366
2657
2877
2873
2762
2763
2812
2789
2699
2695
2652
2657
2764
2543
2531
2356
2647
2816
2924
3160
3174
3175
3287
3194
3291
3312
3078
3089
-44-
-------
TABLE 29, continued -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS: MARKET SEGMENT, PERCENTAGE BASIS
MODEL
YEAR
DOMESTIC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
EUROPEAN
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
ASIAN
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
1.3
1.4
1.4
3.3
5.5
22.6
32.7
43.2
42.6
51.4
60.1
68.3
74.3
78.8
80.8
80.7
83.7
42.7
43.8
53.1
61.9
46.3
63.7
55.7
51.2
40.0
44.2
44.0
46.2
45.7
48.1
44.2
43.3
45.0
17.0
21.2
22.0
22.8
32.4
39.2
45.5
51.3
63.2
66.8
71.8
85.3
89.3
93.0
92.4
90.5
90.1
4UD
.6
.3
.4
.6
.3
.0
.1
.1
.0
.3
.1
.1
•?
.6
1.2
1.4
1.0
.9
1.3
1.3
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.2
11.3
4.2
9.4
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
1.8
2.7
MANUAL
TRANS
7.6
7.8
4.2
6.9
8.7
15.3
15.1
15.2
12.1
13.6
11.0
11.7
10.8
10.0
8.7
12.5
8.3
69.7
66.5
73.4
74.2
69.4
76.0
66.7
60.1
53.2
50.6
46.3
46.9
49.3
38.0
31.2
30.3
33.2
74.0
69.2
74.4
74.1
77.8
69.7
68.7
64.4
67.1
59.4
59.0
54.4
47.1
47.9
42.7
38.3
38.9
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
3.7
14.0
27.3
38.3
57.5
70.7
84.8
95.5
98.4
99.1
99.9
35.9
31.9
50.6
53.9
40.8
45.0
56.0
61.4
73.5
83.4
87.3
90.4
90.3
99.1
99.2
98.9
97.0
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
29.1
29.9
43.2
46.1
59.6
73.1
97.4
99.8
1.0
3.7
14.0
26.7
32.1
44.2
41.1
45.2
36.1
34.6
32.4
20.8
.5
.4
2.5
.1
.5
.4
1.7
8.5
23.9
19.7
15.0
12.3
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
.2
.7
6.2
13.3
29.7
39.6
59.4
63.9
66.7
79.0
35.9
31.9
50.6
53.9
40.8
45.0
56.0
61.4
73.5
83.4
86.8
90.0
90.3
96.5
99.1
98.9
97.0
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
28.6
29.5
41.4
37.6
35.7
53.4
82.4
87.5
99.4
99.1
99.3
98.5
97.2
95.6
91.3
82.3
71.4
60.8
42.2
29.2
15.1
4.5
1.6
.9
.1
61.4
63.6
41.1
36.7
46.0
31.3
10.8
12.4
8.0
3.4
2.0
6.3
6.6
.8
.1
.2
1.2
85.6
94.0
93.7
94.1
91.9
90.6
88.2
85.6
79.3
70.1
69.9
56.8
53.9
40.4
26.9
2.6
.2
DSL
.4
1.6
3.2
5.0
3.7
1.2
.9
.2
.1
.1
2.7
4.4
8.3
9.5
13.1
23.7
33.2
26.2
18.5
13.2
10.6
3.3
3.1
.1
.8
.8
1.8
.8
1.3
.5
.8
.2
.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
45.4
47.6
41.7
31.2
29.6
35.8
32.2
38.5
34.4
45.2
40.6
43.5
43.3
48.1
40.3
39.5
39.2
95.2
96.0
95.8
96.9
95.1
96.3
95.4
94.2
91.0
82.1
79.9
76.9
78.5
66.8
65.9
62.9
64.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.1
99.6
95.8
91.4
91.0
91.5
28.3
29.5
29.6
42.7
42.6
48.2
50.7
43.7
44.2
37.3
38.1
38.1
37.1
31.8
38.8
36.2
38.6
4.8
4.0
4.2
3.1
4.9
3.7
4.6
5.8
8.9
17.9
20.1
21.7
19.7
24.8
24.7
30.4
28.3
.8
1.9
.4
4.2
8.6
9.0
8.5
26.3
22.9
28.7
26.1
27.8
16.0
17.1
17.9
21.3
17.5
21.3
18.4
19.6
20.1
20.9
24.3
22.2
.1
.0
1.4
1.9
8.4
9.5
6.7
7.0
-45-
-------
TABLE 30 -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS BY MARKET SEGMENT
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY UT VOL 0-60 DISP HP HP/ HP/ C1D/
YEAR (000) FRACT CITY HUY 55/45 TIME (IN) CID WT UT
1975 1763 .887 11.6 15.4 13.1 4227 13.4 335 149 .441 .0354 .0798
1976 2374 .909 12.4 16.3 13.9 4282 13.8 339 146 .427 .0342 .0798
1977 2499 .885 13.4 17.2 14.9 4298 13.2 343 154 .449 .0360 .0802
1978 2915 .891 13.2 16.7 14.5 4305 13.2 337 153 .451 .0356 .0789
1979 2616 .847 12.7 15.7 13.8 4504 14.2 330 148 .449 .0329 .0733
1980 1293 .694 14.9 19.8 16.8 4323 14.4 303 136 .451 .0315 .0703
1981 1310 .720 16.1 21.7 18.2 4173 14.4 293 132 .453 .0317 .0703
1982 1459 .763 16.8 22.7 19.0 4078 14.3 277 130 .486 .0323 .0675
1983 1806 .785 17.2 23.8 19.6 3977 14.5 257 125 .508 .0314 .0635
1984 2608 .780 16.8 23.4 19.2 3991 14.6 250 125 .523 .0313 .0616
1985 2939 .801 17.0 23.7 19.5 3963 14.2 245 130 .553 .0327 .0607
1986 3057 .703 17.4 24.2 19.9 3994 13.8 243 134 .580 .0335 .0597
1987 2989 .723 17.7 25.2 20.4 3932 13.0 237 143 .629 .0364 .0594
1988 3695 .811 17.7 25.5 20.5 3989 12.7 247 150 .629 .0375 .0610
1989 3634 .819 17.5 25.3 20.3 4048 12.6 253 154 .630 .0380 .0617
1990 3134 .807 17.2 25.2 20.0 4151 12.6 259 158 .631 .0381 .0616
1991 3298 .824 17.5 25.9 20.4 4137 12.2 260 162 .636 .0392 .0624
IMPORTS
1975 224 .113 18.6 26.9 21.6 2857 14.8 120 89 .752 .0314 .0418
1976 238 .091 19.3 28.4 22.6 2879 14.6 122 91 .761 .0319 .0421
1977 325 .115 21.8 30.9 25.1 2884 14.3 128 93 .741 .0323 .0441
1978 358 .109 22.2 29.9 25.1 2903 14.7 127 89 .719 .0309 .0433
1979 473 .153 20.3 28.0 23.1 2854 15.0 124 85 .688 .0298 .0434
1980 571 .306 21.5 29.0 24.3 2839 14.7 124 87 .701 .0307 .0438
1981 510 .280 24.2 32.5 27.3 2862 15.2 130 84 .650 .0296 .0455
1982 454 .237 24.1 32.0 27.1 2932 15.2 135 87 .648 .0300 .0461
1983 495 .215 24.1 32.1 27.1 2982 14.6 137 92 .672 .0310 .0461
1984 736 .220 23.7 31.2 26.6 3043 14.9 134 91 .680 .0300 .0442
1985 730 .199 23.5 30.9 26.3 3119 14.4 139 100 .719 .0322 .0448
1986 1294 .297 23.1 31.2 26.2 3132 14.2 138 99 .717 .0317 .0442
1987 1145 .277 22.5 30.6 25.6 3139 14.2 139 99 .718 .0318 .0444
1988 864 .189 21.9 29.3 24.7 3211 13.9 142 105 .743 .0327 .0442
1989 801 .181 21.1 28.4 23.9 3347 13.6 149 113 .756 .0338 .0447
1990 749 .193 20.6 28.0 23.4 3447 13.0 153 124 .807 .0360 .0446
1991 706 .176 20.1 27.6 22.9 3564 13.1 157 127 .814 .0358 .0441
-46-
-------
TABLE 30, continued -- CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS: MARKET SEGMENT, PERCENTAGE BASIS
MODEL
YEAR
DOMESTIC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
IMPORTS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.3
.0
.0
5.7
8.2
7.6
9.4
10.8
11.8
18.3
12.2
4.6
6.5
7.1
6.2
2.0
2.4
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.2
2.3
1.1
4UD
19.3
25.2
26.7
31.7
17.6
27.1
19.0
18.2
26.1
33.0
30.7
29.9
29.8
30.0
29.8
26.9
35.5
6.5
20.1
20.3
22.8
26.1
24.6
23.9
30.0
31.2
35.9
47.2
42.2
48.7
46.1
MANUAL
TRANS
31.1
30.1
25.3
25.5
25.6
36.8
35.6
31.2
33.8
30.1
26.5
25.4
26.0
25.9
24.2
18.6
17.5
83.5
82.1
83.2
88.6
88.1
89.8
92.8
92.2
90.2
84.6
79.8
83.5
76.3
76.5
71.1
65.8
60.6
FUEL
FI
9.5
44.6
79.2
96.0
98.5
98.7
99.4
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.4
4.0
2.8
3.0
11.7
23.5
31.0
34.8
52.4
70.9
84.8
92.1
METERING
TBI PORT
.2 .0
19.8 24.8
38.6 40.6
50.7 45.3
52.8 45.7
47.9 50.8
51.6 47.8
16.2 14.8
20.5 14.4
17.7 34.7
24.3 46.6
9.0 75.8
10.9 81.2
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.1
97.9
95.9
98.4
93.3
95.9
98.1
89.6
54.8
20.6
3.8
1.3
1.1
.1
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
92.6
80.1
79.5
90.3
84.6
75.0
68.1
64.9
47.6
29.1
15.2
7.9
DSL
.9
2.1
4.1
1.6
6.7
4.1
1.9
.9
.6
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
2.0
15.9
17.7
6.8
3.8
1.6
.9
.2
VEHICLE
SMALL
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
18.1
33.8
39.3
44.0
46.4
53.6
52.0
52.0
49.5
59.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.3
90.2
84.7
88.0
70.0
76.7
81.6
83.1
79.6
77.9
63.7
60.8
SIZE
LARGE
97.3
97.8
97.7
97.3
96.2
95.7
96.7
81.9
66.2
60.7
56.0
53.6
46.4
48.0
48.0
50.5
40.7
10.7
9.8
15.3
12.0
30.0
23.3
18.4
16.9
20.4
22.1
36.3
39.2
-47-
-------
MPG by Model Year
30
25
20
15
Average MPG
10
Cars
74 76 78
80 82 84 86
Model Year
88 90 92
Figure 1
Average Engine Horsepower
Passenger Cars
200
160
120
Horsepower
40
74 76 78
80 82 84 86
Model Year
88 90 92
Figure 2
-48-
-------
Passenger Car MPG and Inertia Weight
MPG
15
10
Inertia Weight
4500
- 4000
3500
- 3000
2500
74 76 78 80 82 84 86
Model Year
88 90 92
Figure 3
Passenger Car Fuel Economy
by Percentile Bracket
80
60
40
20
MPG
* * *
*
-fr -fr
T 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92
Model Year
Figure 4
Bracket
* Best Car
-ifr- 95 - 100
-I- 85 - 90
-A- 75 - 80
Average
-V- 20 - 25
-9-0-5
-49-
-------
Engine Size Market Shares
Passenger Cars
100%
Sales Fraction
80%-
60%-
40%
20%
75 77 79
81 83 85 87 89 91
Model Year
Figure 5
Average Engine Size
Passenger Cars
400
300
200
100
Cubic Inch Displacement
8-cyl
a B Q B B B B B Q
3-cyl
i i i i i i r
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92
Model Year
Figure 6
-50-
-------
MPG and Performance
Passenger Cars
Average MPQ
0 to 60 Time (Sec)
MPG 9 1984 accel
11
74 76 78 80
82 84
Model Year
86 88 90 92
16
Figure 7
0 to 60 for Four Car Classes
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
15 h
14
13
12
11
10
V Large Sedan
D Midsize Sedan
0 Compact
A Subcompact
All Cars
....57.
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92
Model Year
Figure 8
-51-
-------
Average Zero to 60 Acceleration
Passenger Cars
17
15
13
11
Time (seconds)
n i r
74 76 78
80 82 84 86 88 90 92
Model Year
1.0
Figure 9
Horsepower per CID, 1975 to 1991 Cars
HP/C.ID
0.8
0.6
0.4
H 1 h
H r h
74 76 78
80 82 84 86
Model Year
Figure 10
88 90 92
-52-
-------
Passenger Car MPG by Model Year
and Number of Cylinders
60
50
40
30
20
MPG
10
3-CYL
All Cars
4 CYLINDER
Q B B B B B B fl
8 CYLINDER
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88
Model Year
Figure 11
Fuel Consumption and Volume
1990 Sedans and Wagons
90
92
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
Gal/100mi
3.0
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Volume, Cubic Feet
Figure 12
-53-
-------
Fuel Consumption and Volume
1990 Cars & Light Trucks
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
Gal/100mi
2.0
D Utll/2Seat/Mlnl
0 Pickups
° Sedans
* Vans
A St.Wagons
50
75 100 125 150
Volume, Cubic Feet
Figure 13
175
200
Fuel Consumption and Payload
1990 Cars & Light Trucks
7.0
6.0
5X)
4.0
3.0
2.0
Gal/100mi
Utll/2Seat/Mlnl
0 Pickups
O Sedans
* Vans
A St.Wagons
I I
_J I
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Payload Weight, Ibs
Figure 14
-54-
-------
Sales Fraction by Car Class
Sales Fraction
75 77 79
81 83 86
Model Year
Figure 15
87 89
91
35
30
25
20
15
MPG for Four Car Classes
Average MPG
10
A = A
A Subcompact
0 Compact
Midsize Sedans
Large Sedans
All Cars
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92
Model Year
Figure 16
-55-
-------
6000
5000
4000
3000
Inertia Weight for Four Car Classes
Inertia Weight (Lbs.)
2000
v v
JE D
•H™
V V
V Large Sedans
d Midsize
0 Compact
A Subcompact
All Cars
H—i—h
74 76 78
80 82 84 86
Model Year
Figure 17
88 90 92
Car and Truck Sales by Size Class
Sales Fraction Large pickups
100%
80%-
60%-
Van/Utility
Small Pickups
Small Van/Utility
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91
Model Year
Figure 18
r56-
-------
100%
Sales Fraction by Engine Type
Passenger Cars
Sales Fraction
80%-
eo%-
40%-
20%-
75 77 79
81 83 85 87 89
Model Year
Figure 19
Front Wheel Drive Usage
Passenger Cars
100
Percent FWD
20
91
77 79
81 83 85
Model Year
Figure 20
87 89 91
-57-
-------
MPG Range
1975 to 1991 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
20-
o-M
75 77 79
81 83 85
Model Year
Figure 21
87 89 91
Light Duty Trucks
Average MPG
Inertia Weight
15 -
4500
- 4000
- 3500
- 3000
10
2500
74 76 78
80 82 84 86
Model Year
Figure 22
88 90 92
-58-
-------
Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
Cars and Light Trucks
100%
Sales Fraction
80%-
60%-
40%
20%
• DOMESTIC TRUCKS
> EUROPEAN CARS
• IMPORT TRUCKS
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91
Model Year
Figure 23
35
MPG, 1975 to 1991 Cars
30-
25-
20-
15
10
Domestic
European
Asian
4-
74 76 78 80
82 84
Model Year
86 88 90 92
Figure 24
-59-
-------
Passenger Car Interior Volume
EPA Volume (cu. ft.)
130
120
110
100
90
80
DOMESTIC
I i I
76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92
Model Year
Figure 25
LARGE
MIDSIZE
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
MINICOMPACT
Weight, 1975 to 1991 Cars
4500
4000 -
$600-
3000
2500-
2000
Domestic
European
Asian
74 76 78 80
82 84
Model Year
Figure 26
86 88 90 92
-60-
-------
0 to 60 Time, 1975 to 1991 Cars
0 To 60 Time (Sec)
Domestic
-9- European
Asian
75 77 79 81 83 85
Model Year
Figure 27
87
89
91
1.1
Horsepower per CID, 1975 to 1991 Cars
HP/CID
1.0-
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
0.6-
0.5-
0.4
Domestic
European
Asian
74 76 78 80 82 84 86
Model Year
Figure 28
88
90
92
-61-
-------
Appendix A -- Light Duty Vehicle Classification Convention
Manufacturer/Vehicles
American Motors
American Motors
Chrysler Vehicles by Diamond Star
Chrysler Vehicles by Maserati
Chrysler Vehicles by Mitsubishi
Chrysler Colt 4WD Wagon
Chrysler Colt Vista
Mitsubishi Space Wagon
Dodge Monaco
Dodge Monaco
Eagle Premier
Eagle 4WD Wagon
Dodge Trucks (Ramcharger)
Lamborghini
Lamborghini
Aston Martin
Aston Martin
Jaguar
Jaguar
Ford Vehicles by Mazda
Ford Merkur/Scorpio
Ford Festiva
Ford Fiesta
Ford' Probe (4 cylinder)
Ford Probe (6 cylinder)
Mercury Capri
Mercury Capri
Ford Escort (All) ,
Ford Escort (1.8 liter)
Ford Escort (1.9 liter)
Mercury Tracer (1.8 liter)
Mercury Tracer (1.9 liter)
Ford Pinto Van
Ferrari
Ferrari
Audi
Porsche
Porsche
Model Years
1975 - 1987
1988 - 1991
All
All
All
All
All
All
1975 - 1977
1990 - 1991
All
All
All
1975 - 1989
1990 - 1991
1975 - 1987
1988 - 1991
1975 - 1989
1990 - 1991
All
All
All
All
All
All
1975 - 1986
1991
1981 - 1989
1990 - 1991
1990 - 1991
1990 - 1991
1990 - 1991
All
1975 - 1983
1984 - 1991
All
1975 - 1984
1985 - 1991
Are Classified As:
American Motors
Chrysler
Chrysler/Asian
Chrys ler/European
Chrysler/Asian
Small Wagon
Small Van
Mitsubishi Small Van
Domestic
Chrys 1 er/European
Chrysler/European
Passenger Cars
Chrysler/Domestic
Lamborghini
Chrysler/European
Aston Martin
Ford/European
Jaguar
Ford/European
Ford/ Asian
Ford/European
Ford/ Asian
Ford/European
Ford/ Asian
Ford/Domestic
Domestic
Ford/Asian
Domestic
Ford/ Asian
Ford/Domestic
Ford/ Asian
Ford/Domestic
Passenger Car
Fiat Group
Ferrari
VW Group
VW Group
Porsche
-62-
-------
Appendix A: Light Duty Vehicle Classification Convention (continued)
Hanufacturer/VehicIes Model Years Are Classified As:
General Motors Vehicles by Isuzu All GM/Asian
General Motors Vehicles by Nuimi All GM/Asian
General Motors Vehicles by Suzuki All GM/Asian
Pontiac LeMans 1975 - 1981 GM/Domestic
Pontiac LeMans 1990 - 1991 GM/Asian
Cadillac Allante All Domestic
Saab 1975 - 1989 Saab
Saab 1990 - 1991 GH/European
Lotus 1975 - 1987 Lotus
Lotus 1988 - 1991 GM/European
Sterling All Honda/Asian
Subaru 4WD Sedans/Wagons All Passenger Cars
Note: Classification of a vehicle as Domestic, European or Asian is based
on the authors' judgment of where the majority of the engine and emission
control system design and development work was done. It is meant to be a
tracking system for technical parameters related to engine and-emission
control system design, not a tracking system for Domestic content, or a
replacement for the Domestic/Import classification used in implementing
fuel economy standards legislation.
-63-
-------
APPENDIX B -- 1991 NAMEPLATE AVERAGE MPG, BY VEHICLE SIZE CLASS
TWO SEATERS 55/45
***************************** mpQ
HONDA CRX HF 58.0
GM METRO LSI CONVERTIBLE 44.7
HONDA CRX 37.0
MINI COMPACT SEDANS 55/45
***************************** |t|pQ
MAZDA MX-5 MIATA 31.3
LOTUS ELAN 31.0
ALFA ROMEO SPIDER 28.8
GM REATTA 25.1
LOTUS ESPRIT 24.2
HONDA NSX 24.0
CHRYSLER TC BY MASERATI 23.9
GOLDACRE LIMITED ... 23.7
NISSAN 300ZX 23.6
MAZDA RX-7 22.9
GM CORVETTE 22.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SL 21.7
GM ALLANTE 20.4
MASERATI SPYDER 18.8
MERCEDES-BENZ 500SL 18.3
FERRARI 348 TB/TS 17.5
J&UAR XJ-S CONVERTIBLE 17.0
PfiRRARI F40 16.0
FERRARI TESTAROSSA 13.4
CHRYSLER DB132/DIABLO 12.8
NISSAN NX COUPE 34.3
VW/AUDI CABRIOLET 31.1
TOYOTA CELICA CONVERTIBLE 30.2
FORD CAPRI 29.8
NISSAN 240SX 27.9
PORSCHE 944 S2 23.6
PORSCHE 911 CARRERA 4/2 21.3
PORSCHE 928 S4 19.2
PORSCHE 911 TURBO 18.3
SUBCOMPACT SEDANS 55/45
***************************** MPG
GM METRO XFI 65.3
GM METRO LSI 48.3
GM METRO 47.7
GM FIREFLY 46.1
SUZUKI SPRINT 46.0
SUZUKI SWIFT 45.1
FORD FESTIVA 42.4
DAIHATSU CHARADE 40.9
SUBARU JUSTY 40.7
HONDA CIVIC 37.1
NISSAN SENTRA 37.0
CHRYSLER COLT 36.7
SUBARU JUSTY 4WD 36.0
SUZUKI SWIFT GT 35.9
HYUNDAI EXCEL 35.7
TOYOTA TERCEL 35.3
MITSUBISHI MIRAGE 34.8
GM STORM 34.0
YUGO GV/GVX/CABRIO 33.9
HYUNDAI SCOUPE 33.5
VW/AUDI FOX 32.8
GM PRIZM 32.5
TOYOTA COROLLA 32.3
ISUZU IMPULSE 31.9
TOYOTA CELICA 31.6
GM SATURN SC 31.4
HONDA INTEGRA 29.9
GM CAVALIER
GM SUNBIRD .
CHRYSLER SHADOW CONVERTIBLE
CHRYSLER LASER
MITSUBISHI ECLIPSE
SUBARU XT
TOYOTA MR2
GM SUNBIRD CONVERTIBLE
BMW 318IS
CHRYSLER DAYTONA
HONDA PRELUDE
BMW 318IS CONVERTIBLE
MERCEDES-BENZ 190E2.3
CHRYSLER TALON
CHRYSLER LEBARON CONVERTIBLE..
GM CAVALIER CONVERTIBLE
VW/AUDI CORRADO
SUBARU XT 4WD
VW/AUDI 80/90
FORD MUSTANG
MERCEDES-BENZ 190E2.6
NISSAN M30
VW/AUDI 80 OUATTRO
CHRYSLER SUNDANCE CONVERTIBLE.
SAAB 900 CONVERTIBLE
CHRYSLER STEALTH
BMW M3
NISSAN 300ZX 2+2
GM FIREBIRD/TRANS AM/CAMARO...
MITSUBISHI 3000 GT
BMW 3251 CONVERTIBLE
VW/AUDI 90 QUATTRO 20V
VW/AUDI COUPE QUATTRO
BMW 325
TOYOTA SUPRA
MERCEDES-BENZ 300CE
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.6
28.4
28.4
28.3
28.2
27.8
27.8
27.1
27.0
26.8
26.7
26.1
26.1
25.6
25.3
25.0
24.8
24.
24.
24.
24.0
24.0
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.0
22.6
MASERATI 430 18.6
JAGUAR XJ-S COUPE 17.5
FERRARI MONDIAL 16.7
BMW 8501 16.6
VIRAGE SALOON 15.2
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY 13.3
ROLLS-ROYCE CORNICHE III 13.3
-64-
-------
COMPACT SEDANS 55/45
***************************** MPG
MIDSIZE SEDANS 55/45
***************************** |4pQ
LARGE SEDANS 55/45
***************************** HPC
FORD ESCORT FS ............... 40.9
ISUZU STYLUS ................. 35.8
MITSUBISHI PRECIS ............ 35.8
CHRYSLER SUMMIT .............. 35.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300D 2.5 TURBO . 34.3
GM LEMANS .................... 34.0
FORD ESCORT .................. 33.6
FORD TRACER .................. 33.3
MAZDA 323 PROTEGE ........ ---- 33.3
GM SATURN SL ................. 32.8
VW/AUDI JETTA ................ 32.5
GM CALAIS CUTLASS .......... .. 30.9
VU/AUDI GOLF/GTI ............. 30.6
SUBARU LOYALE ................ 30.5
GM GRAND AM .................. 30.3
TOYOTA CAMRY ................. 29.8
NISSAN G20 ................... 29.6
GM SKYLARK ................... 29.4
CHRYSLER SUNDANCE ............ 29.1
CHRYSLER SHADOW .............. 29.0
HONDA ACCORD ................. 28.7
MAZDA 323 PROTEGE 4X4 ........ 28.6
SUBARU LOYALE 4UD ............ 28.5
FORD PROBE ................... 28.2
VW/AUDI JETTA GLI 16V ........ 28.2
VW/AUDI GTI 16V .............. 28.2
SUBARU LEGACY ................ 28.1
MERCEDES-BENZ 350SD TURBO ---- 27.7
FORD TEMPO/TOPAZ .............. 27.6
MITSUBISHI GALANT ............ 27.5
NISSAN STANZA ................ 27.4
GM BERETTA 26.7
PEUGEOT 405 SEDAN 26.7
CHRYSLER LEBARON 26.3
SUBARU LEGACY 4UD 26.2
VOLVO 240 25.5
SAAB 900 25.3
FORD TEMPO/TOPAZ 25.0
FORD PROBE 24.9
SUBARU LEGACY TURBO 24.7
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E 2.6 24.6
TOYOTA CRESSIDA 24.5
TOYOTA ES250 24.3
SUBARU LEGACY 4UD TURBO 24.3
HONDA LEGEND 23.9
ALFA ROMEO 164 23.8
VOLVO COUPE 23.6
BMW 5251 23.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E 23.3
STERLING 827 23.1
JAGUAR XJ6
. 22.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E-4MATIC 21.5
BMW 5351 21.0
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SE 20.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 560SEC 17.5
BMW M5 16.0
MAZDA 626/MX-6 29.4
CHRYSLER ACCLAIM 28.1
MERCEDES-BENZ 350SDL TURBO ... 27.7
CHRYSLER SPIRIT 27.6
GM 6000 27.3
VW/AUDI PASSAT 27.2
GM CORSICA 27.2
GM CUTLASS CIERA 26.7
GM CENTURY 26.6
FORD TAURUS 26.6
FORD SABLE 26.4
GM LUMINA 26.0
HYUNDAI SONATA 25.9
GM REGAL 25.9
CHRYSLER DYNASTY 25.5
VOLVO 740 25.5
NISSAN MAXIMA 25.4
CHRYSLER NEW YORKER 25.2
FORD COUGAR 24.9
GM CUTLASS SUPREME 24.6
FORD THUNDERBIRD 24.5
GM GRAND PRIX 24.5
GM TROFEO/TORONADO 24.3
GM RIVIERA 24.3
VOLVO 940 GLE 16-VALVE 23.8
VOLVO 940 SE/940 TURBO 23.6
VW/AUDI 100 QUATTRO 23.5
VW/AUDI 200 QUATTRO 20V 23.5
FORD MARK VII 23.4
TOYOTA LS400 23.1
MAZDA 929 23.1
VW/AUDI 100 23.1
VW/AUDI 200 23.0
GM ELDORADO 22.8
GM SEVILLE 22.8
NISSAN 045 21.6
BMW 735 21.0
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SEL 20.5
VW/AUDI V8 19.6
MERCEDES-BENZ 420SEL 19.4
NISSAN 045 FULL-ACTIVE 18.9
MERCEDES-BENZ 560SEL 17.5
BMW 750IL 16.8
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY EIGHT 13.3
ROLLS-ROYCE SILVER SPIRIT .... 13.3
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY TURBO 12.8
GM EIGHTY-EIGHT
GM LESABRE
GM BONNEVILLE ..
25.6
25.6
25.6
CHRYSLER PREMIER/MONACO 25.0
GM PARK AVENUE
GM NINETY-EIGHT
CHRYSLER NEW YORKER
24.3
24.3
24.0
SAAB 9000 23.5
FORD GRAND MARQUIS
FORD CONTINENTAL ..
GM FLEETWOOO/DEVILLE ...
FORD TOWN CAR
FORD LTD CROWN VICTORIA
GM CAPRICE
23.4
23.3
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.6
GM BROUGHAM 21.5
-65-
-------
SHALL WAGONS 55/45
***************************** typ
HONDA CIVIC .... .............. 36.5
FORD ESCORT .................. 33.7
FORD TRACER .................. 33.6
TOYOTA COROLLA ............... 32.7
SUBARU LOYALE ................ 30.5
HONDA CIVIC 4WD .............. 29.9
TOYOTA COROLLA AWD ........... 29.1
SUBARU LOYALE 4UD ............ 29.1
GM CAVALIER .................. 28.8
TOYOTA CAMRY ................. 28.4
SUBARU LEGACY ................ 27.9
HONDA ACCORD 26.8
SUBARU LEGACY 4WD 26.1
MIDSIZE WAGONS
*****************************
55/45
MPG
VW/AUDI PASSAT 27.2
FORD TAURUS 27.1
FORD SABLE 27.1
GM 6000 26.7
GM CUTLASS CRUISER 26.4
PEUGEOT 405 26.3
VOLVO 240 25.8
GM CENTURY 25.6
VOLVO 740 25.1
FORD SABLE V6 23.9
FORD TAURUS V6 23.9
VOLVO 940 GLE 16-VALVE 23.8
VOLVO 940 TURBO 23.6
VOLVO 940 SE 23.6
VW/AUDI 200 QUATTRO 20V 23.5
PEUGEOT 505 23.0
MERCEDES-BENZ 300TE 21.9
MERCEDES-BENZ 300TE-4MAT1C ... 20.5
LARGE WAGONS
****************
55/45
** MPG
FORD LTD CROWN VICTORIA
FORD GRAND MARQUIS
GM CUSTOM CRUISER
GM CAPRICE
GM ROADMASTER
23
23
22.4
22.4
22.4
-66-
-------
SMALL PICKUPS
55/45
**** MPG
NISSAN TRUCK 2WD 28.0
FORD RANGER PICKUP 2WD 26.2
ISUZU PICKUP 2WD ; 25.7
GM S10 PICKUP 2WD 25.5
GM SONOMA PICKUP 2WD 25.4
MITSUBISHI TRUCK 2WO 24.7
CHRYSLER RAM 50 2WD 24.6
FORD RANGER PICKUP 4WD 21.7
GRUMMAN-OLSON POSTAL CAB CHAS. 20.1
SMALL VANS 55/45
***************************** MPG
CHRYSLER COLT VISTA 28.7
MITSUBISHI SPACE WAGON 26.3
NISSAN AXXESS 25.9
CHRYSLER COLT VISTA 4WD 24.7
NISSAN AXXESS AWD 23.8
CHRYSLER CARAVAN 2WD 23.7
CHRYSLER VOYAGER 2WD 23.7
GM APV 2WD 23.6
GM SILHOUETTE 2WD 23.5
GM TRANS SPORT 2WD 23.5
TOYOTA PREVIA 23.2
CHRYSLER TOWN & COUNTRY 23.2
FORD AEROSTAR VAN 22.8
MAZDA MPV 22.4
TOYOTA PREVIA ALL-TRAC 22.3
GM ASTRO 2WD (CARGO) 22.2
GM SAFARI 2WD (CARGO) 22.2
GM ASTRO AWD (CARGO) 21.7
GM SAFARI AWD (CARGO) 21.7
FORD AEROSTAR 21.7
CHRYSLER CARAVAN 4WD 21.7
CHRYSLER VOYAGER 4WD 21.7
GM ASTRO 2WD (PASS) 21.2
GM SAFARI 2WD (PASS) 21.2
VOLKSWAGEN VANAGON 2WD 20.5
FORD AEROSTAR AWD 20.4
GM ASTRO AWD (PASS) 20.0
GM SAFARI AUD (PASS) 20.0
MAZDA MPV 4X4 19.8
VOLKSWAGEN VANAGON SYNCRO 18.5
SMALL UTILITY
*****************************
55/45
MPG
SUZUKI SAMURAI 2WD 33.5
SUZUKI SIDEKICK 2WD 30.1
SUZUKI SIDEKICK SOFT-TOP 29.3
GM TRACKER 28.8
SUZUKI SIDEKICK HARDTOP 27.7
DAIHATSU ROCKY 4WD 26.9
GM JIMMY SONOMA 2WD 23.0
GM S10 BLAZER 2WD 23.0
ISUZU AM I GO 2WD 22.4
GM BRAVADA AWD 21.7
TOYOTA 4-RUNNER 2WD 21.7
GM JIMMY SONOMA 4WD 21.6
GM S10 BLAZER 4WD 21.6
CHRYSLER WRANGLER 4WD 21.4
FORD EXPLORER 2WD 21.0
CHRYSLER CHEROKEE 2WD 20.8
ISUZU AM I GO 4WD 20.7
NISSAN PATHFINDER 2WD 20.4
MAZDA NAVAJO 20.3
FORD EXPLORER 4WD 20.3
ISUZU RODEO 2WD 20.3
CHRYSLER CHEROKEE 4WD 19.9
MITSUBISHI MONTERO 19.8
ISUZU RODEO 4UD 19.3
NISSAN PATHFINDER 4WD 19.3
TOYOTA 4-RUNNER 4WD 19.3
ISUZU TROOPER 19.3
-67-
-------
LARGE PICKUPS 55/45
*****************************
LARGE VANS 55/45
*****************************
LARGE UTILITY 55/45
*****************************
TOYOTA TRUCK 2WD ............. 26.9
MAZDA B2200/B2600I ........... 26.5
TOYOTA 1-TON TRUCK 2WD ....... 23.3
CHRYSLER POWER RAM 50 4WD ---- 22.6
MAZDA B2600I 4X4 ............. 22.2
MITSUBISHI TRUCK 4WD ......... 22.1
TOYOTA TRUCK 4WD ............. 21.8
NISSAN TRUCK 4WD ............. 21.8
CHRYSLER COMANCHE PICKUP ..... 21.7
ISUZU PICKUP 2WD 1TON ........ 21.3
GM SONOMA PICKUP 4WD ......... 21.2
GM S10 PICKUP 4WD ............ 21.2
CHRYSLER DAKOTA PICKUP 2WD ... 21.1
GM COMMERCIAL CHAS ........... 20.3
ISUZU PICKUP 4WD ............. 20.3
GM C1500 SIERRA 2WD .......... 20.3
GM C1500 PICKUP 2WD .......... 19.6
FORD F150 PICKUP 2WD 18.8
CHRYSLER DAKOTA PICKUP 4WD ... 18.6
GM C2500 PICKUP 2WD 18.5
GM C2500 SIERRA 2UD 18.5
FORD F250 PICKUP 2WD 18.1
GM K1500 SIERRA 4UD 17.3
GM K1500 PICKUP 4WD 17.2
CHRYSLER D100/D150 PICKUP 17.2
FORD F150 PICKUP 4WD 17.1
GM K2500 PICKUP 4WD 16.4
GM K2500 SIERRA 4WD 16.4
FORD F250 PICKUP 4WD 16.2
CHRYSLER D250 PICKUP 2WD 15.7
CHRYSLER DAKOTA CAB CHAS 15.4
CHRYSLER U100/U150 PICKUP 14.6
CHRYSLER W250 PICKUP 4UD 14.1
CHRYSLER D250 CAB CHASSIS 13.5
TOYOTA CAB/CHASSIS 2UD 13.2
GM G35 VANDURA 2WD 21.2
GM G30 VAN 2WD 21.1
GM G10/20 VAN 2WD 19.3
GM G15/25 VANDURA 19.3
GM G10/20 SPORTVAN 18.5
GM G15/25 RALLY 2WD 18.4
CHRYSLER B150/B250 VAN 2WD ... 17.3
GM G35 RALLY 2WD 17.2
GM G30 SPORTVAN 2WD 17.2
FORD E150 ECONOLINE 16.9
CHRYSLER B150/B250 16.5
FORD E150 CLUB WAGON 16.4
CHRYSLER B350 VAN 2WD 16.2
FORD E250 ECONOLINE 16.1
CHRYSLER B350 2WD 15.3
GM R1500 SUBURBAN 17.3
GM V1500 JIMMY 4WD 16.6
GM V1500 BLAZER 4WD 16.5
RANGE ROVER 16.3
CHRYSLER AD150 RAMCHARGER 16.2
FORD BRONCO 4WO 16.1
GM V1500 SUBURBAN 15.9
TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 14.8
CHRYSLER AW150 RAMCHARGER 14.5
CHRYSLER GRAND WAGONEER 13.6
-68-
-------
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK
-69-
-------
TABLE C-1 -- 1990 PASSENGER CAR MPG TECHNOLOGY ROLE MODELS
Weight Make
Model
Size Class
Volume
Cu.Ft
1750
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
GM/Geo
GM/Geo
GM/Geo
Suzuki
Daihatsu
GM/Geo
GM/Geo
Honda
Honda
Daihatsu
Subaru
Honda
Honda
Subaru
Subaru
Subaru
Toyota
Honda
Toyota
Ford
Honda
Pontiac
Isuzu
Dodge
GM/Geo
Honda
Honda
Honda
Subaru
Volkswagen,
Mazda
Ford
Ford
GM/Geo
Toyota
Eagle
N i ssan
Nissan
Toyota
Toyota
Toyota
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Toyota
Pontiac
Dodge
Dodge
Eagle
Ford
Toyota
Metro XFI
Metro
Metro LSI
Swift
Charade
Sprint turbo
Sprint
Civic CRX HF
Civic CRX HF
Charade
Justy
Civic CRX
Civic
Justy
Justy
Justy 4wd
Tercel
Civic CRX
Tercel
Escort
Civic
Lemans
Stylus
Colt
Storm
Civic CRX
Civic Wagon
Civic
Loyale
Jetta Diesel
323/Protege
Escort Wagon
Escort
Prizm
Corolla
Summit
Sentra Coupe
Sentra Wagon
Celica
Celica
Corolla
Corsica
Beretta
Corolla
Sunbird Convert
Shadow
Daytona
Spirit
Tempo
Celica
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
2-Seater
2-Seater
Subcompact
Subcompact
2-Seater
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
2-Seater
Subcompact
Compact
Subcompact
Compact
Compact
Subcompact
Subcompact
2-Seater
Sm.Wagon
Subcompact
Compact
Compact
Compact
Small Wagon
Compact
Subcompact
Small Wagon
Compact
Subcompact
Small Wagon
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Midsize
Compact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Compact
Subcompact
Midsize
Compact
Subcompact
89
92
92
92
92
89
92
50
50
94
89
50
99
89
89
89
91
50
91
103
99
107
101
96
89
50
117
99
102
104
107
114
101
97
113
101
98
88
86
86
92
113
106
92
88
102
99
111
103
86
Eng.
HP
49
55
55
70
53
70
55
62
62
80
73
92
92
73
66
73
78
92
78
90
92
74
95
81
95
92
92
92
90
52
103
84
84
102
102
81
90
90
102
102
130
95
?5
102
95
93
100
100
98
130
Tran
H5
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
M4
AV
MS
AV
M4
L4
MS
M4
M4
MS
MS
M4
M4
MS
MS
MS
L3
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
L4
MS
MS
M5
MS
MS
MS
M5
MS
M5
L4
MPG
65.4
56.0
55.9
49.0
46.5
46.2
45.4
59.2
53.3
43.4
41.1
40.9
40.9
40.4
39.6
39.3
38.9
38.8
38.2
42.2
40.9
40.7
40.0
39.3
38.8
38.4
38.4
38.4
29.5
46.9
36.3
36.1
36.1
35.4
35.3
35.1
35.1
35.0
33.2
32.9
32.3
32.
32.
32.
32.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.2
Top
Speed
(mph)
96
97
97
105
96
105
97
98
98
107
103
113
113
103
100
103
106
113
106
109
110
101
111
105
111
110
110
110
109
90
112
103
103
111
111
102
106
106
109
109
120
106
106
109
106
105
108
108
107
120
-70-
-------
TABLE C-1. continued -- 1990 PASSENGER CAR MPG TECHNOLOGY ROLE MODELS
Weight
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
Hake
Toyota
Toyota
Toyota
Toyota
Oldsmobile
Oldsmobile
Saab
Ford
Toyota
Chrysler
Dodge
Volvo
Ford
Chevrolet
Lincoln
Chrysler
Buick
Oldsmobile
Oldsmobile
Pontiac
Lexus
Nissan
Volvo
Audi
Buick
Cadi I lac
Cadillac
Mercedes
Mercedes
Jaguar
BMW
Model
Camry
Camry
Camry
Camry Wagon
Cutlass Supreme
Cutlass Supreme
9000
Mustang
Camry
Lebaron Convert
Dynasty
740
Thunder-bird
Caprice
Continental
New Yorker
Reatta
Trofeo/Toronado
Ninety-eight
Bomeville
LS400
300ZX
760 Wagon
200 Ouattro Wagon
Electra Wagon
Brougham
Brougham
500 SL
560 SEL
XJS Convert
750 IL
Size Class
Compact
Compact
Compact
Small Wagon
Midsize
Midsize
Large
Subcompact
Compact
Subcompact
Midsize
Midsize
Midsize
Large
Large
Large
2-Seater
Midsize
Large
Large
Midsize
2- Sealer
Midsize Wagon
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Large
Large
2-Seater
Midsize
2-Seater
Midsize
Volume
Cu.Ft
101
101
101
124
113
113
124
92
101
94
115
111
116
131
123
121
50
114
127
123
112
50
135
132
160
129
129
50
115
50
119
Eng.
HP
115
115
115
115
180
160
130
96
115
100
100
145
120
140
140
150
165
165
165
165
245
280
162
162
140
140
175
322
238
263
295
Tran
MS
L4
L4
L4
MS
L3
MS
MS
MS
L3
L3
MS
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
A4
MS
L4
L4
L4
A4
A4
A3
L4
MPG
33.7
32.6
31.3
31.3
30.4
28.9
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
27.7
25.6
25.3
23.9
23.6
23.6
23.6
23.6
23.6
23.5
23.4
23.4
23.1
.22.9
22.9
19.5
18.1
17.2
17.0
16.7
Top
Speed
(mph)
109
109
109
109
133
125
115
102
109
104
104
120
107
114
114
117
122
122
122
122
148
160
121
121
110
110
121
165
140
147
157
5500 Rolls-Royce Various
Various
107
236
A3
13.2
130
-71-
-------
TABLE C-2 -- 1990 LIGHT TRUCK MPG TECHNOLOGY ROLE MODELS
Weight
2500
2500
2500
2500
2750
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
Make
Suzuki
Suzuki
Suzuki
GM/Geo
Suzuki
GM/Geo
Toyota
Toyota
Ford
Dodge
GM
Mazda
Dodge
Nissan
Toyota
Nissan
Nissan
GM
Daihatsu
Jeep
Dodge
Ford
Dodge
Nissan
GM
Ford
Nissan
Jeep
Mazda
• Dodge
Jeep
Jeep
Mazda
Dodge
Plymouth
Mazda
Dodge
Toyota
Dodge
Toyota
Nissan
GM
GM
Mazda
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Model
SAMURAI 4WD
SIDEKICK 2UD
SIDEKICK 4UD
TRACKER 4WD
SIDEKICK 4UD
TRACKER 4UD
TRUCK 2UD
TRUCK 2UD
RANGER 2UD
COLT VISTA FUD
S10 2WD
B2200/B2600I 2UD
CARAVAN 2WD
HARDBODY 2UD
TRUCK 2UD
AXXESS 2WD
HARDBODY 2UD
S10 2WD
ROCKY 4UD
COMANCHE 2UD
CARAVAN FUD
RANGER 2UD
DAKOTA 2WD
AXXESS 2UD
ASTRO 2WD (CARGO)
RANGER 4WD
HARDBODY 2WD
COMANCHE 4UD
MPV 2WD
CARAVAN 2WD
COMANCHE 2UD
CHEROKEE 4WD
MPV 2WD
CARAVAN 2WD
VOYAGER 2WD
MPV 2WD
CARAVAN 2UD
TRUCK 4UD
CARAVAN 2WD
4-RUNNER 4UD
HARDBODY 4UD
LUHINA APV 2UD
C1500 SIERRA 2UD
MPV 2WD
D- G10/20 VAN 2WD
D- C1500 SIERRA 2WD
D- C1500 SIERRA 2UD
C1500 SIERRA 2UD
C1500 SIERRA 2WD
G15/25 VANDURA 2UD
ASTRO 2WD (PASS)
K1500 SIERRA 4UD
K2500 SIERRA 4UD
ASTRO AWD (PASS)
Size Class
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Large
Large
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
Large
Small
Large
Small
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Small
Large
Large
Small
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Utility
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Van
Pickup
Utility
Van
Van
Van
Van
Van
Pickup
Van
Utility
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Van
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Payload
Ibs
807
854
854
880
946
880
1640
1640
1200
1186
582
1400
1215
1400
1640
1186
1400
582
650
1475
1215
1700
1250
1186
1186
1700
2000
2205
1186
1215
2205
1150
1186
1215
1215
1186
1215
1640
1215
300
2000
1186
1711
1186
1126
2647
2647
2647
2647
1126
1186
2647
2647
1186
Eng.
HP
66
80
80
80
80
80
102
102
104
102
92
91
96
133
116
138
133
96
94
117
96
104
96
138
92
104
133
117
121
96
117
117
121
141
141
121
146
116
151
116
133
120
150
150
145
145
135
150
160
160
160
160
160
160
Tran
M5
MS
MS
MS
L3
L3
MS
M4
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
M5
MS
L4
L4
MS
M4
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
L4
M4
MS
L3
MS
MS
MS
L4
L3
L4
A3
MS
L4
MS
MS
L3
MS
MS
L4
L4
C4
MS
L4
L4
L4
MS
14
L4
MPG
33.5
32.2
32.2
31.3
29.3
28.7
26.6
26.0
31.3
29.4
29.1
29.1
28.9
28.9
27.8
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.3
27.1
28.3
28.0
27.9
27.0
27.0
26.9
26.8
26.5
25.9
25.8
25.8
25.8
25.1
24.7
24.5
24.3
24.3
24.1
23.7
23.6
23.6
23.4
23.3
22.9
24.1
24.1
23.8
23.0
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.0
20.4
20.4
Top
Speed
(mph)
98
104
104
104
102
102
111
111
109
109
105
104
106
121
114
123
121
106
105
115
102
105
102
117
101
105
116
110
111
102
110
110
107
114
114
107
116
106
117
106
111
107
117
117
112
112
109
113
116
116
116
116
116
116
-72-
-------
TABLE C-2. continued -- 1990 LIGHT TRUCK MPG TECHNOLOGY ROLE MODELS
Weight
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
Make
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Ford
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Ford
GM
GM
GM
GH
GM
GM
Model
D- G15/25 VANOURA 2WD
D- C1500 SIERRA 2W
D- C1500 SIERRA 2W
D- K1500 SIERRA 4UD
D- K1500 SIERRA 4WD
K1500 SIERRA 4WD
K1500 SIERRA 4UD
F150 4UD
D- V1500 BLAZER 4UD
D- K2500 SIERRA 4UD
D- K2500 SIERRA 4UD
D- C2500 SIERRA 2UD
D- G15/25 RALLY 2WD
D- R1500 SUBURBAN 2UD
D- C2500 SIERRA 2WD
R1500 SUBURBAN 2WD
G30 SPORTVAN 2UD
V1500 SUBURBAN 4UD
E250 ECONOLINE 2WD
V1500 SUBURBAN 4UD
D- G15/25 RALLY 2WD
D- R1500 SUBURBAN 2WD
D- K2500 SIERRA 4WD
D- V1500 BLAZER 4WD
V1500 SUBURBAN 4UD
Size Class
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Utility
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Utility
Pickup
Utility
Van
Utility
Van
Utility
Van
Utility
Pickup
Utility
Utility
Payload
Ibs
3676
2647
2647
2647
2647
2647
2647
2240
1560
3958
3958
3958
3676
3099
3958
3099
3676
3099
4070
3099
3676
3099
3958
3099
3099
Eng.
HP
145
145
135
145
135
160
160
150
145
145
135
135
145
145
145
210
210
210'
145
210
145
145
135
145
210
Iran
L4
L4
C4
L4
C4
MS
L4
C4
L4
L4
C4
C4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
C4
L4
L4
C4
L4
L4
MPG
22
22
22
21
21
20
19
19
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
17
17
16
16
15
21
21
20
20
16
.8
.8
.6
.1
.1
.5
.7
.5
.3
.3
.1
.8
.7
.7
.7
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.9
.9
.5
.3
.2
Top
Speed
(«nph>
109
109
106
109
106
113
113
110
106
106
103
103
106
106
106
123
123
123
106
123
104
104
101
104
120
-73-
-------
APPENDIX D -- BEST-IN-CLASS WEIGHT MIX MODELS and TOP SPEED INDEX TREND
TABLE D-1 -- WEIGHT MIX SCENARIOS
PASSENGER CARS:
LIGHT TRUCKS:
Weight
Class
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5500
Avg Weight:
As- is
Weight
Mix
0.01
1.3
1.4
12.6
10.4
31.0
31.3
11.0
1.07
0.013
3171
Chg from status quo:
Re-mix
#1
0.7
1.3
7.5
11.4
21.7
31.2
20.2
5.6
0.49
0.006
2974
-6.2%
Re-mix
#2
1.4
4.7
9.6
17.0
26.9
25.1
12.1
2.8
0.22
0.003
2802
-11.7%
Top
Speed
96
100
104
108
110
117
123
121
119
130
Weight
Class
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
Avg Weight:
As- is
Weight
Mix
1.0
1.4
10.9
22.5
35.7
17.8
8.9
1.1
0.59
3952
Chg from status quo:
Re- mix
#1
1.7
6.2
16.7
29.1
26.8
13.4
5.0
0.8
0.29
3720
-5.9%
Re-mix
#2
4.8
11.4
22.9
28.0
20.1
9.2
2.9
0.6
0.15
3502
-11.4%
Top
Speed
103
108
110
119
116
118
118
122
117
TABLE D-2 --'TOP SPEED INDEX VS. MODEL YEAR
PASSENGER CARS:
LIGHT TRUCKS:
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Average
Weight
4058
4059
3944
3588
3485
3101
3076
3054
3112
3099
3093
3041
3030
3051
3115
3171
Engine
HP '
136
134
133
124
119
100
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
123
130
Top mph
111
110
107
109
108
106
106
106
107
108
110
111
111
112
114
117
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Average
Weight
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3936
3952
Engine
HP
142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
148
Top mph
114
113
115
114
111
108
108
108
108
108
110
110
113
115
116
116
-74-
-------
APPENDIX E -- CHARACTERISTICS OF PASSENGER CARS BY WEIGHT CLASS
TABLE E-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
1750 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
37
81
38
55
25
1
3
FRACT
.003
.007
.004
.005
.003
.000
.000
FUEL
CITY
51.9
50.8
51.3
47.0
54.1
59.3
59.2
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
66.1 57.4
63.7 55.9
65.4 56.8
58.7 51.6
67.4 59.4
74.7 65.4
74.7 65.3
WT
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
VOL
82.6
84.6
84.4
84.6
90.9
89.1
89.1
0-60
TIME
16.1
16.3
16.2
16.3
15.4
15.4
15.4
DISP
(IN)
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
HP
48
46
46
47
49
49
49
HP/
CID
.787
.759
.756
.766
.806
.803
.803
HP/
WT
.0274
.0264
.0264
.0267
.0281
.0280
.0280
CID/
WT
.0349
.0349
.0349
.0349
.0349
.0349
.0349
CU-FT
-MPG
4756
4809
4828
4443
5400
5823
5815
PERCENT OF 1750 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
MANUAL
TRANS
90.1
64.7
100.0
59.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
2.8 2.8
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
CARS DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.2
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-75-
-------
TABLE E-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
2000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
105
154
157
270
234
280
209
157
94
92
62
58
106
164
133
109
130
FRACT
.013
.016
.014
.024
.022
.030
.024
.020
.012
.009
.006
.005
.010
.015
.013
.011
.016
FUEL
CITY
27.3
28.4
31.3
30.9
28.2
29.0
34.3
35.9
38.7
39.4
39.5
31.7
35.7
40.9
40.0
43.2
41.9
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
38.5
39.8
44.0
41.7
38.3
39.6
44.9
47.3
51.6
52.3
52.4
45.0
46.8
51.6
49.3
55.2
53.4
31.4
32.6
36.0
34.9
32.0
33.0
38.4
40.3
43.6
44.3
44.4
36.6
40.0
45.1
43.7
47.9
46.4
UT
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
VOL
73.7
80.3
80.1
85.7
86.7
87.3
86.0
73.5
60.2
72.3
79.9
91.6
92.5
93.6
90.1
0-60
TIME
15.9
15.6
14.4
14.3
14.4
14.3
14.0
14.5
14.4
13.5
13.6
15.4
15.9
14.8
15.2
15.2
15.7
DISP
(IN)
83
83
84
90
88
90
86
86
84
86
89
76
70
78
76
68
64
HP
54
56
61
62
62
63
64
61
61
67
69
56
55
59
59
58
56
HP/
CID
.655
.670
.739
.695
.712
.696
.744
.715
.728
.Tib
.782
.750
.799
.767
.782
.868
.883
HP/
WT
.0272
.0279
.0307
.0312
.0312
.0314
.0321
.0308
.0308
.0335
.0348
.0281
.0276
.0296
.0295
.0292
.0281
CIO/
WT
.0417
.0418
.0420
.0450
.0439
.0451
.0431
.0430
.0422
.0431
.0444
.0382
.0349
.0389
.0379
.0339
.0319
CU-FT
-MPG
2709
2847
2594
2860
3362
3554
3783
3297
2757
2658
3256
4143
4072
4539
4246
PERCENT OF 2000 LB. CARS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
100.0
92.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.7
85.1
91.9
98.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.1 6.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
MANUAL
TRANS
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
100.0
89
87
100
100
83
90
93
100
96
94
100
80
98
64
71
50
.7
.0
.0
.0
.9
.6
.0
.0
.7
.7
.0
.5
.8
.5
.7
.8
8.1
1.3
11.9
6.3
15.8
58.0
97.9
96.5
8
1
11
6
.0 15
19.5 38
64.8 33
81.3 15
.1
.3
.9
.3
.8
.5
.0
.2
CARS DSL
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
91
98
88
100
93
84
42
2
3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.7
.1
.0
.7
.2
.0
.1
.5
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
2
10
6
53
39
.3
.1
.0
.9
.8
43.3
5
15
9
61
45
3
2
.4
.3
.4
.2
.9
.3
.3
.8
.8
97.7
89.9
94.0
46.1
60.2
56.7
94.6
84.7
90.6
100.0
100.0
38.8
54.1
96.7
99.7
99.2
97.2
-76-
-------
TABLE E-3 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
2250 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
375
570
851
886
699
1162
1191
884
985
899
840
745
461
389
279
107
100
.046
.059
.075
.079
.065
.123
.136
.113
.123
.084
.078
.068
.043
.036
.028
.011
.013
FUEL
CITY
24.0
25.8
27.8
28.1
27.5
28.4
30.2
31.3
31.8
32.6
33.2
34.2
34.8
34.9
34.6
35.5
34.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
36.4
36.1
39.5
38.3
37.9
38.9
41.5
42.7
43.7
44.6
44.7
45.3
45.7
46.0
45.4
45.9
44.9
28.3
29.6
32.1
31.9
31.4
32.4
34.4
35.6
36.2
37.1
37.5
38.5
39.0
39.1
38.8
39.6
38.3
WT
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
VOL
85.5
85.6
88.0
89.6
91.3
92.5
96.4
97.2
96.9
93.1
89.7
91.8
93.4
88.3
90.1
0-60
TIME
15.3
15.3
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.0
14.8
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.8
14.6
13.9
13.3
13.6
12.9
DISP
(IN)
89
91
90
89
88
92
96
94
94
94
94
93
90
91
89
86
87
HP
66
66
68
67
65
67
68
66
67
68
70
68
69
-74
78
76
81
HP/
CID
.749
.736
.762
.758
.745
.722
.710
.703
.709
.721
.748
.737
.766
.808
.876
.892
.928
HP/
WT
.0294
.0296
.0303
.0298
.0291
.0296
.0302
.0294
.0298
.0303
.0312
.0304
.0308
.0328
.0347
.0339
.0358
CID/
WT
.0397
.0403
.0400
.0395
.0392
.0411
.0425
.0419
.0420
.0420
.0417
.0412
.0402
.0405
.0397
.0381
.0387
CU-FT
-MPG
2799
2814
2813
2956
3187
3328
3528
3657
3678
3627
3534
3625
3656
3484
3458
PERCENT OF 2250 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
46.1
37.5
43.0
41.6
44.8
57.9
69.8
79.8
93.2 1.6
91.1
97.1 .3
96.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
94.7 5.3
100.0
MANUAL
TRANS
90
72
78
80
87
80
82
74
72
71
65
65
70
69
63
68
72
.3
.2
.9
.6
.0
.7
.7
.9
.6
.8
.3
.5
.5
.0
.5
.5
.5
FUEL
FI
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
20.1
23.3
10.2
14.0
13.2
38.7
33.2
63.5
98.7
METERING
TBI PORT
12.1
16.5
8.6
6.3
3.4
28.9
28.0
20.1
16.2
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
8.0
6.8
1.6
7.7
9.9
9.7
5.1
43.4
82.5
CARS
77.4
94.3
83.7
79.2
79.0
75.7
84.3
89.6
78.5
74.1
89.7
85.9
86.8
61.3
66.8
36.5
1.3
DSL
1.9
4.1
5.5
9.3
9.2
4.7
1.4
2.6
.1
.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
32.9
15.7
13.9
11.3
20.5
33.3
27.0
29.4
36.9
20.9
10.0
7.1
65.0
36.9
33.6
26.6
27.5
26.2
15.7
11.2
7.5
8.4
.2
.8
35.0
30.2
50.7
59.5
61.2
53.3
51.0
61.9
63.0
54.7
79.1
90.0
92.9
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.2
-77-
-------
TABLE E-4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
2500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
406
349
465
782
1078
1172
1531
1442
1240
1529
1699
1622
1975
1802
1335
1183
650
.049
.036
.041
.070
.100
.124
.175
.184
.155
.143
.157
.147
.184
.168
.133
.123
.082
FUEL
CITY
20.9
22.4
25.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
25.8
27.1
28.1
28.4
28.5
29.4
29.3
30.1
30.1
31.0
31.5
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
30.5
33.1
35.8
33.5
33.1
33.3
35.3
38.1
39.1
40.0
40.4
40.9
40.5
40.9
41.5
42.1
43.8
24.4
26.2
29.3
27.9
27.9
28.0
29.4
31.2
32.2
32.7
32.8
33.7
33.4
34.1
34.4
35.2
36.1
WT
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
VOL
90.3
91.6
90.6
92.3
94.8
91.5
94.8
96.3
98.3
100:0
98.9
99.5
98.0
94.9
94.5
0-60
TIME
15.2
15.1
14.9
15.1
15.4
15.6
14.8
15.4
15.0
14.7
14.2
14.3
14.6
14.5
13.6
12.9
12.7
DISP
(IN)
95
97
98
101
101
104
108
106
106
107
109
106
104
100
98
98
96
HP
73
73
75
74
72
71
76
72
75
78
82
80
78
78
85
90
92
HP/
CID
.774
.755
.764
.734
.710
.680
.711
.683
.705
.726
.760
.759
.749
.785
.865
.926
.962
HP/
UT
.0292
.0294
.0299
.0297
.0287
.0283
.0305
.0289
.0300
.0312
.0330
.0321
.0311
.0314
.0339
.0361
.0369
CID/
UT
.0380
.0390
.0391
.0403
.0404
.0416
.0431
.0423
.0426
.0429
.0435
.0423
.0417
.0401
.0394
.0392
.0386
CU-FT
-MPG
2674
2582
2543
2607
2816
2898
3104
3194
3284
3399
3330
3418
3384
3374
3443
PERCENT OF 2500 LB. CARS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
36.0
18.3
20.7
34.3
43.7
47.9
53.6
69.3
68.9
75.4
77.1
94.3
97.7
99.7
97.8
95.5
95.5
4WD
3.5
3.9
2.7
.6
13.1
2.4
9.2
.9
.8
.3
2.2
.0
MANUAL
TRANS
75.3
67.5
69.3
53.2
56.8
52.5
52.4
57.3
57.2
47.3
58.5
49.5
47.7
48.3
52.0
51.4
67.1
FUEL
FI
20.4
12.9
12.5
8.0
2.3
3.8
4.1
4.6
3.2
13.5
19.9
22.2
33.2
63.4
72.0
96.5
99.9
METERING
TBI PORT
.1
1.6
4.2
5.3
19.5
51.5
47.3
46.9
29.7
20.4
12.9
12.5
8.0
2.3
3.8
4.1
4.6
3.2
11.9
15.7
16.9
13.6
11.9
24.7
49.6
70.1
CARB
79.6
87.1
86.3
92.0
97.2
93.5
93.4
92.4
96.3
84.4
78.4
76.8
66.8
36.6
28.0
3.5
.1
DSL
1.2
.6
2.8
2.5
3.0
.4
2.2
1.7
1.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
41.6
46.3
38.0
49.8
50.3
42.3
46.5
46.6
42.7
28.2
17.1
14.7
16.2
12.7
47.2
27.1
15.8
10.0
5.6
8.2
5.3
5.9
2.4
8.2
10.5
11.7
8.9
5.7
4.6
2.8
2.5
52.8
72.9
84.2
48.5
48.0
53.7
44.9
43.8
55.3
45.2
42.8
45.6
62.9
77.2
80.7
81.0
84.8
-78-
-------
TABLE E-5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
2750 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
281
203
349
498
459
973
714
961
863
2050
1878
1899
1896
1519
1204
999
1196
FRACT
.034
.021
.031
.045
.043
.103
.082
.123
.108
.192
.174
.172
.177
.142
.120
.104
.151
FUEL
CITY
18.5
21.1
21.3
21.4
20.5
22.1
24.0
24.5
26.2
25.9
26.4
26.4
26.5
27.1
27.3
27.5
27.7
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
27.7
30.4
30.9
30.9
30.3
33.3
34.2
36.5
37.0
37.5
37.9
38.2
38.4
39.3
39.7
39.8
40.4
21.7
24.5
24.8
24.8
24.0
26.1
27.7
28.8
30.2
30.1
30.6
30.6
30.8
31.5
31.8
31.9
32.2
UT
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
VOL
80.3
88.6
82.2
96.0
107.2
104.3
106.3
102.7
102.9
102.0
101.7
102.1
101.7
98.9
100.5
0-60
TIME
12.8
13.4
13.3
13.4
13.6
13.6
13.8
14.4
14.2
14.1
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.1
13.3
13.0
12.9
DISP
(IN)
127
121
126
129
132
141
136
124
124
127
128
125
124
123
118
114
110
HP
100
95
96
94
94
93
92
87
88
89
93
95
96
97
96
99
101
HP/
CID
.799
.794
.765
.740
.710
.665
.678
.707
.712
.705
.735
.769
.790
.804
.820
.884
.929
HP/
WT
.0365
.0348
.0350
.0344
.0341
.0339
..0333
.0316
.0320
.0324
.0340
.0347
.0350
.0354
.0349
.0360
.0367
CID/
WT
.0462
.0442
.0459
.0468
.0481
.0515
.0497
.0450
.0453
.0463
.0466
.0456
.0450
.0446
.0431
.0416
.0402
CU-FT
-MPG
2026
2220
2017
2549
2972
3006
3235
3112
3163
3140
3142
3225
3240
3168
3257
PERCENT OF 2750 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.4
.9
2.0
.9
5.4
47.9
70.0
77.9
89.4
87.7
93.3
92.7
95.7
97.4
97.5
98.9
99.1
4WD
3.1
4.0
2.2
2.8
2.9
1.9
1.8
1.1
1.0
.3
MANUAL
TRANS
70.7
63.5
67.5
66.7
59.6
53.6
36.0
33.7
31.2
30.5
21.8
34.7
31.5
31.0
29.6
24.2
28.8
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
3.9
3.6
9.4
5.5
6.1
13.8
18.3
12.2
52.9
54.7
74.0
84.7
83.2
78.6
85.6
99.4
99.6
5.8
40.6
42.4
59.5
52.6
58.4
59.8
63.8
55.0
23.6
3.9
3.6
9.4
5.5
6.1
13.8
18.3
6.4
12.3
12.2
14.5
32.1
24.7
18.9
21.8
44.5
76.0
CARB
96.1
96.4
90.6
94.5
93.9
86.2
81.1
87.4
46.5
44.3
25.6
15.0
16.6
21.4
14.1
.4
.2
DSL
.6
.4
.6
1.0
.4
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
9.2
15.3
21.2
27.7
60.1
69.0
69.8
73.8
76.3
80.6
72.9
59.6
61.0
60.7
64.3
51.5
45.6
17.4
27.3
26.8
13.9
16.1
6.8
7.5
6.5
7.2
2.3
3.2
1.6
1.6
6.3
6.2
6.5
5.8
73.3
57.4
52.0
58.4
23.7
24.2
22.7
19.8
16.6
17.1
23.9
38.8
37.4
32.9
29.5
42.0
48.6
-79-
-------
TABLE E-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
3000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
828
884
584
903
1286
2026
1626
1554
1515
1994
2037
2829
2743
3146
3402
3071
2529
.100
.091
.052
.081
.119
.215
.186
.199
.189
.187
.189
.257
.256
.294
.340
.319
.319
FUEL
CITY
18.4
20.1
20.2
19.7
19.1
20.3
21.1
21.9
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.4
23.8
24.2
24.1
24.4
24.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
26.8
29.7
28.6
27.3
27.4
29.4
30.0
32.6
32.8
33.6
34.5
34.9
35.4
36.1
36.2
36.6
36.3
21.4
23.5
23.2
22.5
22.1
23.6
24.4
25.7
25.8
26.4
27.1
27.5
27.9
28.4
28.4
28.7
28.4
UT
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
VOL
87.6
97.3
96.3
100.9
103.8
104.2
105.4
104.9
106.4
106.6
106.3
105.3
108.3
103.9
103.4
0-60
TIME
14.4
14.6
13.7
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.0
13.2
12.9
12.6
12.3
12.0
11.6
DISP
(IN)
147
147
146
164
162
164
165
163
161
157
153
151
147
145
146
143
147
HP
98
95
104
102
100
100
101
103
104
107
110
108
111
114
118
121
126
HP/
CID
.674
.657
.715
.637
.634
.624
.619
.640
.658
.689
.727
.723
.765
.796
.815
.861
.874
HP/
UT
.0329
.0317
.0347
.0339
.0333
.0334
.0335
.0343
.0349
.0357
.0366
• .0359
.0371
.0380
.0393
.0405
.0422
CID/
WT
.0491
.0490
.0488
.0547
.0540
.0546
.0551
.0544
.0538
.0525
.0512
.0503
.0491
.0483
.0487
.0478
.0492
CU-FT
-MPG
2078
2215
2152
2392
2544
2717
2749
2789
2906
2956
2997
3017
3092
3000
2949
PERCENT OF 3000 LB. CARS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
3.5
2.5
3.6
4.4
2.6
32.0
45.4
53.2
63.0
73.9
77.9
82.2
84.1
90.6
91.3
95.6
94.8
4UD
.2
.5
1.0
1.9
1.2
1.4
.5
.9
MANUAL
TRANS
48.6
50.4
51.3
35.2
39.7
30.9
21.6
17.0
17.2
16.3
14.4
15.1
15.7
17.2
16.4
25.2
19.2
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARS DSL
17.1
9.8
22.4
18.0
14.1
7.5
11.9
45.5
49.2
57.2
72.2
84.8
99.1
100.0
97.4
99.9
100.0
26.9
26.5
29.6
34.7
49.0
49.5
30.1
24.0
27.7
21.0
17.1
9.8
22.4
18.0
14.1
7.5
11.9
18.6
22.7
27.6
37.5
35.7
49.6
69.9
73.4
72.2
79.0
82.9
90.2
77.6
82.0
85.8
92.0
87.8
53.8
50.1
42.1
27.4
15.0
.9
2.6
.1
.0
.1
.5
.4
.7
.7
.8
.4
.2
.0
.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
63.1
63.1
47.8
71.0
63.5
78.7
75.2
75.4
74.4
79.0
81.0
80.2
71.9
71.5
63.3
55.7
58.1
13.7
7.4
12.6
8.2
11.8
7.5
7.0
6.6
8.6
11.8
11.5
9.7
8.9
6.5
5.1
1.8
1.7
23.3
29.4
39.6
20.8
24.7
13.8
17.8
18.0
17.0
9.2
7.5
10.1
19.2
22.0
31.7
42.6
40.2
-80-
-------
TABLE E-7 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
3500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
1029
933
724
2991
2684
2147
1829
1421
1669
2220
2461
2760
2520
2693
2687
2877
2074
.125
.096
.064
.268
.249
.227
.209
.182
.209
.208
.228
.251
.235
.252
.268
.299
.262
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
15.9
17.2
17.9
17.6
17.8
18.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.7
20.3
20.3
20.9
20.7
20.8
21.0
22.0
23.1
24.1
24.6
24.1
25.3
27.4
27.9
29.0
29.2
30.3
32.4
33.2
34.4
34.1
34.3
34.3
18.2
19.4
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.7
22.2
22.4
22.8
22.9
23.4
24.4
24.6
25.4
25.1
25.3
25.4
UT
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
VOL
102.4
111.1
112.3
111.3
113.3
112.0
111.8
109.6
111.9
113.5
114.0
113.5
114.2
112.5
112.5
0-60
TIME
15.6
15.8
15.3
13.8
13.7
14.1
14.3
14.0
13.6
13.1
12.7
12.0
11.6
11.3
11.4
10.9
11.1
DISP
(IN)
227
231
232
257
252
244
234
237
238
236
228
225
217
212
207
198
196
HP
102
100
104
119
120
115
113
118
122
127
133
141
147
152
151
161
156
HP/
CID
.463
.447
.458
.468
.477
.477
.487
.505
.524
.556
.603
.654
.703
.737
.751
.836
.816
HP/
UT
.0292
.0286
.0297
.0342
.0342
.0329
.0322
.0338
.0348
.0363
.0379
.0404
.0421
.0435
.0430
.0459
.0447
CIO/
UT
.0648
.0659
.0663
.0734
.0721
.0696
.0668
.0678
.0681
.0675
.0650
.0644
.0621
.0607
.0592
.0565
.0560
CU-FT
-MPG
2104
2253
2273
2325
2534
2546
2577
2538
2629
2787
2818
2902
2887
2862
2880
PERCENT OF 3500 LB. CARS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.2
.5
.9
8.2
35.2
49.2
64.1
72.8
80.7
82.9
83.8
4UD
.4
.5
.6
.8
.2
.0
.5
.4
.2
.2
1.4
2.1
MANUAL
TRANS
19.3
17.2
16.2
4.7
4.0
3.1
3.4
6.9
8.7
7.7
8.3
8.6
8.8
7.9
6.9
12.6
8.7
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
6.5
5.7
6.1
1.4
1.3
2.2
3.0
9.5
14.4
35.6
69.9
80.1
92.1
99.7
100.0
100.0
99.9
4.4
5.3
12.1
32.3
20.7
15.0
11.4
12.2
3.4
2.7
6.5
5.7
6.1
1.4
1.3
2.2
3.0
5.1
9.1
23.5
37.6
59.4
77.1
88.2
87.7
96.5
97.3
CARB
91.6
92.9
91.1
98.1
97.9
96.2
94.5
85.6
83.0
63.0
29.5
19.9
7.4
.3
DSL
1.9
1.4
2.7
.5
.8
1.7
2.5
4.9
2.6
1.4
.7
.1
.4
.0
.0
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
91.4
92.1
90.6
98.0
97.4
96.1
94.5
90.5
89.8
89.9
85.9
87.0
80.3
84.4
83.6
78.7
74.8
8.6
7.9
9.4
2.0
2.6
3.9
5.2
6.7
5.0
4.5
4.5
5.1
6.2
5.2
5.8
7.5
7.6
.3
2.7
5.2
5.6
9.5
8.0
13.5
10.4
10.6
13.8
17.6
-81-
-------
TABLE E-8 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
4000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
1089
1977
3323
2235
2643
1316
1312
1215
1445
1702
1671
918
912
829
860
1217
1156
.132
.203
.294
.200
.245
.139
.150
.155
.181
.159
.155
.083
.085
.077
.086
.126
.146
FUEL
CITY
13.8
15.6
15.8
15.7
15.6
16.2
17.2
17.3
17.1
17.3
18.2
18.4
18.3
18.5
19.1
18.9
19.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
18.6
21.2
21.4
21.9
21.5
23.5
26.0
26.7
26.4
26.8
28.6
29.1
28.4
29.4
30.6
31.2
31.7
15.6
17.7
17.9
18.0
17.8
18.8
20.3
20.6
20.3
20.6
21.7
22.1
21.7
22.2
23.0
23.0
23.3
WT
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
VOL
113.5
114.9
119.6
122.4
123.2
126.4
126.7
126.3
125.3
124.9
122.2
125.8
125.1
125.2
124.3
0-60
TIME
14.5
15.4
14.2
13.1
13.0
13.9
14.0
13.8
13.4
13.4
12.8
12.4
12.3
10.3
12.5
12.1
11.1
DISP
(IN)
292
280
293
305
311
302
295
287
287
289
294
299
294
289
275
273
264
HP
130
122
133
145
147
136
133
135
139
139
148
154
157
198
154
161
180
HP/
CID
.443
.433
.453
.474
.472
.453
.458
.479
.490
.485
.508
.520
.551
.696
.576
.608
.700
HP/
WT
.0325
.0305
.0333
.0362
.0367
.0339
.0334
.0339
.0348
.0347
.0371
.0384
.0392
.0496
.0386
.0404
.0449
CID/
UT
.0730
.0700
.0732
.0764
.0778
.0756
.0739
.0717
.0717
.0723
.0735
.0747
.0735
.0724
.0687
.0682
.0660
CU-FT
-MPG
2044
2092
2150
2349
2542
2626
2588
2603
2733
2774
2676
2819
2892
2892
2903
PERCENT OF 4000 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.0
5.3
10.9
11.1
11.1
12.5
12.8
13.0
.2
1.1
6.3
8.9
23.8
43.1
MANUAL
4WD TRANS
2.3
.9
1.3
1.3
1.1
.0
.7
.4
.3
.0
.1
.9
7.6
6.9
3.3
3.0
2.2
.9
.9
.1
.2
4.0
1.6
2.5
1.5
2.1
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.6
.4
.5
.9
2.8
7.4
11.5
20.5
39.9
43.2
45.2
52.7
54.1
77.2
98.0
98.8
99.2
4.9
10.3
18.7
38.0
41.1
41.4
4.4
3.2
2.2
13.6
18.2
7.0
.6
.4
.5
.9
2.8
2.5
1.2
1.8
2.0
2.1
3.8
48.3
50.9
75.0
84.4
80.5
92.3
CARB
99.4
99.0
99.1
98.4
94.8
83.0
75.3
70.0
55.7
53.9
52.7
46.8
44.7
22.8
2.0
1.2
.6
DSL
.6
.4
.7
2.3
9.6
13.2
9.4
4.4
2.8
2.0
.5
1.2
.1
.2
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
98.4
98.6
99.1
98.4
98.3
97.4
97.5
95.2
95.0
95.8
94.3
91.9
86.2
86.7
89.2
88.5
88.4
1.6
1.4
.9
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.5
4.8
5.0
4.2
5.7
7.1
9.6
10.9
8.7
5.0
4.8
1.0
4.3
2.4
2.1
6.6
6.8
-82-
-------
TABLE E-9 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
4500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
1791
2223
3496
1997
1527
363
318
183
188
185
104
101
78
105
87
71
86
.217
.229
.309
.179
.142
.038
.036
.023
.023
.017
.010
.009
.007
.010
.009
.007
.011
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
12.4
13.6
14.5
14.0
14.3
16.0
17.1
17.5
16.4
16.7
17.3
17.7
18.3
18.8
18.1
16.9
16.6
17.6
19.3
20.0
20.6
20.3
24.4
26.8
27.7
26.7
26.9
28.4
28.9
30.4
30.3
28.9
27.6
27.9
14.3
15.7
16.5
16.3
16.5
19.0
20.4
21.0
19.9
20.2
21.0
21.5
22.3
22.6
21.8
20.5
20.3
UT
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
VOL
118.7
123.8
127.6
137.3
137.1
148.3
146.6
152.0
160.2
156.5
160.2
144.8
141.1
131.5
132.4
0-60
TIME
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.1
13.4
15.1
16.1
16.1
14.4
14.0
13.8
14.0
14.6
14.4
14.1
12.7
11.3
DISP
(IN)
347
346
346
356
353
350
343
323
311
308
306
308
306
305
306
322
321
HP
158
157
157
161
157
137
127
127
143
148
150
150
140
,144
151
176
201
HP/
CID
.455
.454
.454
.453
.445
.394
.374
.401
.463
.482
.490
.485
.458
.474
.494
.548
.631
HP/
WT
.0351
.0349
.0349
.0358
.0349
.0305
.0282
.0283
.0318
.0329
.0333
.0333
.0311
.0321
.0336
.0392
.0446
CID/
UT
.0770
.0769
.0768
.0792
.0785
.0777
.0761
.0717
.0692
.0684
.0680
.0684
.0679
.0678
.0679
.0717
.0713
CU-FT
-MPG
1973
2038
2122
2661
2876
3153
2935
3074
3369
3398
3570
3296
3118
2778
2762
PERCENT OF 4500 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
2
1
2
4
7
8
6
1
.9
.0
.3
.7
.4
.5
.6
.3
.4
.6
.1
MANUAL
TRANS
.6
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
1
2
1
3
3
29
8
2
8
49
100
.6
.3
.6
.1
.4
.0
.7 29.7
.0 .0
.7
.1
.9
.0
.6 30.6
.0 77.8
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4
.0
8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
19.0
22.2
CARS
98.4
97.7
98.4
95.3
91.1
71.3
26.1
54.7
87.7
95.8
98.9
91.3
99.9
97.1
92.0
50.4
DSL
1.5
5.5
28.7
44.2
45.3
12.3
4.2
1.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
98
99
99
99
99
99
100
100
99
100
100
91
99
97
92
81
77
.9
.4
.7
.6
.3
.9
.0
.0
.7
.0
.0
.2
.9
.1
.0
.0
.8
1.1
.6
.3
.4
.7
.1
.0
.3
.0
.0
8.8
.1
2.9
8.0
19.0
19.4 2.8
-83-
-------
TABLE E-10 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
5000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
SALES
(000)
1505
1494
1051
477
182
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
FRACT
.183
.154
.093
.043
.017
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
FUEL
CITY
11.1
12.8
12.1
12.4
12.3
11.0
10.3
9.7
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.3
10.1
10.7
10.8
ECONOMY
HWY
16.0
17.8
17.7
18.6
18.2
15.2
14.2
13.6
14.0
13.6
13.2
13.1
13.6
15.1
15.2
55/45
12.9
14.6
14.1
14.6
14.4
12.5
11.7
11.2
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.7
11.4
12.3
12.4
WT
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
VOL
129.7
132.3
126.5
121.9
122.2
121.4
126.4
122.1
113.5
114.2
113.0
112.0
112.9
0-60
TIME
14.0
13.9
13.3
13.1
13.7
14.6
14.6
13.7
14.7
13.7
12.9
12.2
12.4
11.6
11.6
DISP
(IN)
388
378
387
403
396
382
387
378
373
374
394
378
410
408
410
HP
166
166
175
179
169
156
156
176
157
176
187
205
191
207
206
HP/
CIO
.429
.440
.453
.445
.426
.409
.402
.482
.426
.485
.494
.574
.466
.509
.502
HP/
WT
.0333
.0333
.0351
.0358
.0339
.0312
.0311
.0353
.0314
.0351
.0375
.0409
.0382
.0413
.0411
CIO/
WT
.0777
.0756
.0774
.0806
.0793
.0763
.0773
.0756
.0746
.0748
.0789
.0757
.0821
.0816
.0820
CU-FT
-MPG
1843
1947
1861
1549
1446
1362
1463
1375
1234
1223
1295
1384
1400
PERCENT OF 5000 LB. CARS:
MODEL DRIVE
YEAR FRONT 4WD
1975
1976 .3
1977 3.3
1978 4.9
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
MANUAL FUEL I
TRANS FI
.7
.4
.9
6.7
100.0
85.8
93.5
84.2
83.7
69.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
.7
.4
.9
6.7
57.4 42.6
41.5 44.2
74.2 19.3
46.8 37.4
83.7
69.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
99.3
98.7 .<
90.0 9.'
93.3
14.2
6.5
15.8
16.3
30.6
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
) 100.0
I 100.0
68.8 31.2
57.4 42.6
41.5 58.5
74.2 25.8
46.8 53.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-84-
-------
TABLE E-11 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
5500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
828
934
298
134
2
1
1
FRACT
.100
.096
.026
.012
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
FUEL
CITY
10.5
11.6
10.7
10.8
9.8
9.6
9.2
8.9
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.5
10.6
10.8
11.4
11.4
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
15.1
16.2
16.1
16.6
12.9
12.6
12.6
12.2
13.7
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.2
14.8
15.4
16.3
16.2
12.2
13.3
12.6
12.8
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.1
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
12.2
12.5
13.2
13.1
UT
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
VOL
131.8
130.7
112.7
100.7
98.8
92.5
92.3
92.6
92.5
92.4
92.0
91.3
103.8
107.1
108.4
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.7
13.2
13.3
14.4
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
13.7
12.6
10.7
11.4
11.2
OISP
(IN)
458
460
447
445
417
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
HP
208
203
194
191
174
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
187
205
259
236
242
HP/
CID
.454
.443
.435
.429
.417
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.454
.498
.630
.573
.588
HP/
WT
.0378
.0370
.0353
.0348
.0317
.0309
.0309
.0309
,0309
.0309
.0309
.0309
.0340
.0373
.0472
.0429
.0440
CID/
UT
.0834
.0836
.0813
.0810
.0759
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
.0749
CU-FT
-MPG
1664
1682
1247
1084
1043
937
1010
1015
1015
1012
1007
1109
1300
1411
1424
PERCENT OF 5500 LB. CARS:
MODEL DRIVE MANUAL FUEL METERING
YEAR FRONT 4UD TRANS FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
1975 8.2
1976 7.4
1977 15.9
1978 33.7
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
2.9
3.1
30.0
5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.9 97.1
3.1 96.9
30.0 70.0
100.0
5.0 95.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
99.9 .1
99.9 .1
99.6 .4
99.3 .7
41.2 58.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-85-
-------
TABLE E-12 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 PASSENGER CARS
6000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000) FRACT
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
WT VOL 0-60 DISP HP HP/ HP/ CID/ CU-FT
TIME (IN) CID WT UT -MPG
1985
1986
1987
1988
8.9 12.2 10.1
8.9 12.2 10.1
9.3 12.3 10.4
10.5 14.0 11.8
6000 157.5 15.7 412 170
6000 157.5 15.7 412 170
6000 157.5 15.5 412 173
6000 157.5 13.5 412 205
.413 .0283 .0687 1595
.413 .0283 .0687 1595
.420 .0288 .0687 1645
.498 .0341 .0686 1863
PERCENT OF 6000 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
MANUAL
TRANS
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB
DSL
MANUFACTURED
DOM EUR ASIAN
1985
1986
1987
1988
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-86-
-------
APPENDIX F -- CHARACTERISTICS Of LIGHT TRUCKS BY WEIGHT CUSS
TABLE F-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS 2000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY WT VOL 0-60 DISP HP HP/ HP/ CID/
YEAR (000) FRACT CITY HWY 55/45 TIME (IN) CID UT WT
1979 1 .000 23.2 29.5 25.7 2000 19.7 49 41 .837 .0205 .0245
1980 3 .002 22.5 29.4 25.2 2000 19.7 49 41 .837 .0205 .0245
1981 1 .000 22.5 29.4 25.2 2000 19.7 49 41 .837 .0205 .0245
1982 1 .001 23.7 27.3 25.2 2000 18.3 59 45 .763 .0225 .0295
1983 1 .001 23.7 27.3 25.2 2000 18.3 59 45 .763 .0225 .0295
PERCENT OF 2000 LB. TRUCKS:
MODEL DRIVE MANUAL FUEL METERING MANUFACTURED
YEAR FRONT 4WD TRANS FI TBI PORT CARB DSL DOM IMPORTED
1979 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1980 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1981 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1982 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1983 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
-87-
-------
TABLE F-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
2250 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRACT
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
WT
VOL
0-60
TIME
DISP
(IN)
HP
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
CID/
UT
1979
.000
22.3 29.3 25.0
2250
21.6 49
PERCENT OF 2250 LB. TRUCKS:
.837 .0182 .0218
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
25
24
13
4
7
6
37
63
83
5
.013
.013
.007
.002
.002
.002
.008
.015
.018
.001
28.1
36.9
36.1
26.6
30.2
28.1
30.2
30.2
30.6
30.9
38.5
48.9
43.5
31.0
32.1
29.6
37.5
37.5
37.3
37.0
32.0
41.5
39.1
28.4
31.1
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
15.9
17.9
18.2
19.4
19.5
20.8
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.3
94
97
91
71
70
61
81
81
81
80
64
52
51
47
47
45
64
64
64
64
.677
.536
.570
.692
.697
.738
.790
.790
.790
.797
.0284
.0231
.0226
.0210
.0209
.0200
.0284
.0284
.0284
.0284
.0417
.0431
.0406
.0315
.0311
.0271
.0360
.0360
.0360
.0357
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVE
FRONT
4UD
MANUAL
TRANS
FUEL
FI
METERING
TBI PORT
CARB
DSL
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
1979
100.0 100.0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
'1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
100.0
100.0
85.0 15.0
31.3 68.7
28.9 71.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.1
82.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.6
100.0
45.4
100.0
15.0 85.0
68.7 31.3
71.1 28.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.3
28.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.7
71.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-88-
-------
TABLE F-3 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
2500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
23
39
16
27
36
33
18
4
5
1
39
34
10
FRACT
.007
.013
.009
.015
.019
.014
.005
.001
.001
.000
.009
.009
.002
FUEL
CITY
23.5
24.1
22.1
24.9
24.8
25.4
24.2
26.2
26.4
26.3
28.8
29.1
28.6
ECONOMY
HWY
33.7
33.5
32.3
34.2
32.0
32.8
31.4
35.2
36.0
35.5
34.9
35.9
35.0
55/45
27.2
27.5
25.8
28.4
27.6
28.2
27.0
29.6
30.0
29.8
31.3
31.8
31.2
UT VOL 0-60
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
TIME
16.0
16.0
15.8
14.9
13.9
13.3
15.8
15.3
14.9
14.9
14.1
14.3
14.7
OISP
(IN)
97
97
97
108
132
137
110
109
109
109
97
94
91
HP
67
67
68
73
81
86
74
73
73
73
80
78
75
HP/
CID
.691
.691
.701
.683
.625
.636
.686
.670
.670
.670
.825
.826
.828
HP/
UT
.0268
.0268
.0272
.0294
.0326
.0346
.0295
.0292
.0292
.0292
.0320
.0312
.0301
CID/
WT
.0388
.0388
.0388
.0431
.0527
.0547
.0440
.0436
.0436
.0436
.0388
.0377
.0364
PERCENT OF 2500 LB. TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
100.0
100.0
9.5 90.5
34.2 65.8
49.7 20.1
48.9 13.2
29.9 53.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.5
27.4
MANUAL
TRANS
100.0
100.0
90.5
100.0
58.4
59.4
79.8
95.6
100.0
100.0
56.2
100.0
100.0
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
9.5
34.2
9.4
2.6
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
90.5
65.8
90.6
97.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100.0
100.0
9.5 90.5
34.2 65.8
30.1 9.4 60.4
37.9 2.6 59.5
46.9 27.6 25.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-89-
-------
TABLE F-4 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
2750 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) FRACT
204
202
270
241
250
324
222
227
340
328
246
316
244
120
76
45
27
.102
.078
.096
.074
.081
.174
.122
.119
.148
.098
.067
.073
.059
.026
.017
.012
.007
FUEL
CITY
18.1
19.6
21.1
21.0
19.8
22.3
24.7
24.9
25.4
25.1
26.3
26.0
26.1
24.6
24.5
24.3
26.3
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
26.0
27.5
29.3
27.3
27.4
30.0
33.3
33.8
34.3
33.5
35.7
35.2
35.8
33.1
32.7
30.6
32.1
21.0
22.5
24.2
23.5
22.6
25.2
27.9
28.3
28.8
28.3
29.9
29.5
29.7
27.8
27.6
26.8
28.6
WT VOL 0-60
, TIME
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
12.9
13.0
13.0
12.9
13.7
13.6
13.8
13.7
14.2
14.2
14.1
13.6
13.5
12.9
12.9
13.3
15.2
DISP
(IN)
155
150
146
157
126
126
130
130
132
130
130
132
133
136
135
129
97
HP
101
98
98
98
90
91
90
91
87
87
90
92
93
98
97
95
80
HP/
CID
.713
.727
.732
.700
.720
.728
.695
.699
.658
.672
.693
.695
.695
.721
.721
.744
.825
HP/
UT
.0367
.0358
.0356
.0357
.0329
.0333
.0329
.0331
.0315
.0318
.0328
.0334
.0338
.0356
.0354
.0346
.0291
CID/
UT
.0565
.0545
.0530
.0571
.0459
.0459
.0474
.0474
.0481
.0472
.0473
.0480
.0485
.0494
.0492
.0471
.0353
PERCENT OF 2750 LB. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
23.2
20.2
16.3
24.0
1.4-
4.0 .1
6.5 .1
3.4
1.7 .0
1.6
.0
30.9
100.0
MANUAL
TRANS
91.3
82.0
81.9
86.9
82.7
86.9
90.3
87.1
89.4
86.1
92.0
88.3
89.9
99.4
100.0
69.1
44.3
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.1
1.1
1.4
.6 .6
.0 .0
30.9 30.9
100.0 100.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
98.3
99.1
98.2
98.1
99.6
100.0
99.4
100.0
69.1
DSL
1.4
1.7
.9
.7
.4
.4
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
23.2
20.2
16.3
24.0
3.7
22.3
43.0
15.4
25.4
14.8
18.1
76.8
79.8
83.7
76.0
96.3
100.0
100.0
77.7
57.0
84.6
74.6
85.2
81.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-90-
-------
TABLE F-5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
3000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
60
73
91
144
226
212
249
379
414
575
658
840
799
740
609
428
393
FRACT
.030
.028
.032
.044
.073
.114
.137
.198
.180
.172
.179
.193
.193
.162
.137
.110
.098
FUEL
CITY
18.2
18.3
22.9
22.4
19.6
20.2
23.0
22.6
22.5
22.7
22.9
23.4
23.4
23.9
24.0
24.2
24.4
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
24.9
25.4
31.3
29.9
25.7
26.7
30.8
31.4
31.2
31.6
31.8
32.5
32.9
33.4
33.2
33.1
33.8
20.7
21.0
26.0
25.2
21.9
22.7
25.9
25.9
25.7
26.0
26.2
26.8
26.9
27.4
27.4
27.6
27.8
WT VOL 0-60
TIME
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
18.2
17.4
16.4
16.0
15.2
15.3
15.7
14.3
14.5
14.5
13.9
13.8
13.8
14.0
13.4
12.7
12.9
DISP
(IN)
107
136
147
148
154
146
150
162
158
153
151
143
145
145
145
143
145
HP
70
77
81
83
89
86
86
97
94
94
100
99
100
98
102
110
109
HP/
CID
.667
.628
.596
.599
.607
.620
.591
.604
.610
.626
.662
.691
.690
.675
.704
.772
.755
HP/
WT
.0234
.0258
.0270
.0278
.0297
.0286
.0287
.0323
.0315
.0313
.0332
.0331
.0334
.0329
.0341
.0368
.0364
CID/
WT
.0358
.0453
.0491
.0494
.0515
.0488
.0499
.0541
.0526
.0509
.0504
.0478
.0483
.0485
.0484
.0476
.0482
PERCENT OF 3000 LB. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
3.7
4.3
2.6
2.8
1.6
1.6
.8
.9
4WD
14.3
14.0
13.8
47.4
65.7
52.6
26.2
23.8
19.7
11.4
5.7
6.6
2.3
3.6
6.6
2.3
MANUAL
TRANS
69.3
80.2
86.2
85.6
88.2
94.6
93.2
75.1
75.1
72.7
64.7
78.0
74.3
77.3
82.2
83.1
82.8
FUEL
FI
.0
4.4
30.9
51.5
61.5
66.4
77.5
81.6
86.2
METERING
TBI PORT
31.7
37.9
36.8
46.0
14.7
22.2
19.8
23.6
29.6
31.5
66.9
64.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.4
84.2
92.0
91.7
67.5
47.7
38.2
33.6
22.5
18.4
13.8
DSL
21.6
15.8
8.0
3.9
1.6
.8
.3
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
14
14
13
22
20
16
53
.3
.0
.8
.9
.4
.5
.4
56.8
57
58
34
41
61
51
36
39
.9
.0
.4
.5
.0
.9
.7
.8
100.0
85.7
86.0
86.2
77.1
79.6
83.5
46.6
43.2
42.1
42.0
65.6
58.5
39.0
48.1
63.3
60.2
-91-
-------
TABLE F-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
3500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
55
83
74
100
69
82
122
145
275
738
953
1125
1236
1166
999
784
660
FRACT
.028
.032
.026
.031
.022
.044
.067
.076
.120
.221
.260
.259
.299
.256
.225
.202
.165
FUEL
CITY
13.9
14.9
15.5
16.4
15.4
16.4
18.5
19.5
20.2
19.9
20.0
20.2
19.9
19.5
19.5
19.8
19.7
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
19.9
20.3
20.7
22.4
19.2
21.4
24.9
26.4
28.9
27.6
28.1
27.9
28.4
28.1
27.8
28.5
28.3
16.1
16.9
17.5
18.6
16.9
18.3
20.9
22.1
23.3
22.7
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.6
22.5
23.0
22.8
WT VOL
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
0-60
TIME
12.5
12.9
12.7
13.2
14.7
15.3
14.7
15.2
14.8
15.2
15.0
14.0
13.2
12.5
12.5
12.3
11.8
DISP
(IN)
308
303
311
267
251
211
238
205
174
164
168
164
178
189
197
193
206
HP
138
132
136
128
110
106
108
104
105
102
106
114
125
134
136
138
145
HP/
CID
.453
.443
.446
.498
.463
.526
.474
.533
.620
.634
.647
.704
.711
.721
.704
.726
.715
HP/
UT
.0395
.0377
.0389
.0367
.0315
.0302
.0308
.0297
.0301
.0292
.0302
.0327
.0358
.0384
.0389
.0396
.0416
CID/
WT
.0880
.0867
.0889
.0762
.0716
.0603
.0680
.0586
.0498
.0470
.0480
.0469
.0510
.0540
.0564
.0553
.0590
PERCENT OF 3500 LB. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
.1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
,
15.3
23.3
20.2
20.2
18.1
22.3
25.1
7.9
4WD
55.5
15.1
6.7
26.1
54.6
53.3
46.7
54.0
49.4
49.9
35.7
33.5
34.2
MANUAL
TRANS
9.7
13.7
11.8
21.4
64.8
46.7
61.7
77.0
66.0
48.4
44.5
45.6
39.9
36.4
32.2
35.0
39.9
FUEL
FI
1.8
1.9
3.0
2.7
12.2
14.6
6.5
4.3
3.7
7.0
14.7
49.4
64.9
93.7
95.0
96.2
99.8
METERING
TBI PORT
.7
19.7
20.7
30.2
37.5
21.3
37.0
29.7
44.2
63.5
57.6
74.9
62.8
CARB
98.2
98.1
97.0
97.3
87.8
85.4
93.5
93.2
94.9
91.8
84.9
50.4
35.0
6.3
5.0
3.8
.2
DSL
2.6
1.5
1.2
.4
.1
.1
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
97
94
93
88
80
66
80
63
68
74
74
70
74
82
83
83
82
.0
.6
.3
.3
.3
.8
.5
.4
.3
.4
.1
.8
.3
.5
.6
.0
.6
3.0
5.4
6.7
11.7
19.7
33.2
19.5
36.6
31.7
25.6
25.9
29.2
25.7
17.5
16.4
17.0
17.4
-92-
-------
TABLE F-7 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
4000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1021
1234
1165
1317
702
536
675
490
501
688
742
935
856
1189
1391
1260
1671
FRACT
.514
.473
.413
.402
.227
.288
.371
.256
.218
.206
.202
.215
.207
.261
.314
.324
.417
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
12.3
13.2
14.7
14.3
14.4
16.5
16.9
16.5
16.7
16.4
17.1
17.5
17.8
18.1
18.5
18.3
18.4
17.2
17.9
19.3
18.3
18.5
22.2
22.8
22.4
22.9
23.0
23.8
24.5
25.3
26.2
26.9
26.7
27.1
14.1
15.0
16.5
15.9
15.9
18.6
19.1
18.7
19.0
18.9
19.6
20.1
20.5
21.1
21.5
21.3
21.5
WT VOL 0-60
TIME
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
13.5
13.7
13.1
13.1
13.4
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.2
14.0
13.3
12.8
12.7
12.8
12.3
DISP
(IN)
324
326
322
319
301
279
282
286
269
265
259
243
227
230
225
221
229
HP
141
137
144
144
140
125
127
127
123
121
132
132
141
148
149
148
154
HP/
CID
.433
.419
.447
.449
.465
.453
..452
.446
.469
.471
.523
.572
.649
.668
.686
.687
.687
HP/
UT
.0353
.0342
.0361
.0359
.0350
.0314
.0317
.0318
.0309
.0303
.0330
.0330
.0354
.0369
.0373
.0370
.0386
CID/
UT
.0811
.0815
.0805
.0798
.0752
.0697
.0706
.0716
.0673
.0663
.0649
.0607
.0568
.0575
.0563
.0554
.0574
PERCENT OF 4000 LB. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT
.4
.0
.0
3.6
15.8
14.9
31.0
21.2
4 WO
2.0
2.7
3.4
3.8
6.4
5.8
7.3
9.1
16.7
20.6
27.4
23.2
27.9
27.5
34.8
27.6
45.4
MANUAL
TRANS
33.8
33.4
29.7
29.3
35.0
50.0
42.9
31.3
27.6
29.0
20.6
25.7
19.2
21.8
19.3
18.0
17.0
FUEL
FI
.7
.5
.6
.7
.8
8.0
59.8
87.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
34.8
47.5
51.9
48.7
40.8
47.6
.0
24.9
39.5
48.1
51.3
59.2
52.4
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5
100.0
99.3
99.5
99.0
99.2
99.2
92.0
39.7
13.0
.0
DSL
.5
.4
.1
.0
.5
.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
99
99
98
99
99
99
99
98
99
98
99
89
89
86
85
83
84
.4
.4
.7
.0
.4
.0
.3
.6
.0
.9
.0
.3
.6
.8
.6
.3
.1
.6
.6
1.3
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.0
10.7
10.4
13.2
14.4
16.7
15.9
-93-
-------
TABLE F-8 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
4500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000) I
386
610
862
986
960
389
373
407
517
691
745
769
636
814
894
797
758
FRACT
.194
.234
.305
.301
.311
.209
.205
.213
.225
.207
.203
.177
.154
.179
.202
.205
.189
FUEL
CITY
10.7
11.6
12.5
12.3
12.8
14.0
14.9
14.9
15.0
14.7
14.5
15.3
15.0
15.4
15.3
15.5
16.1
ECONOM
HWY
13.6
15.1
15.9
15.4
15.9
18.3
19.9
19.7
20.2
20.0
19.4
20.6
20.6
21.6
21.7
22.5
24.0
Y
55/45
11.9
12.9
13.8
13.5
13.9
15.7
16.8
16.8
17.0
16.7
16.4
17.3
17.1
17.7
17.6
18.1
18.9
UT VC
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
)L 0-60
TIME
13.3
13.5
13.0
13.1
14.3
14.3
14.4
13.9
14.0
13.9
13.4
13.8
12.9
12.5
12.4
12.5
12.4
DISP
(IN)
350
353
359
353
323
319
311
310
310
310
311
307
315
321
320
308
299
HP
160
158
164
161
145
144
143
150
148
149
157
151
165
172
174
172
173
HP/
CID
.456
.445
.456
.456
.452
.453
.461
.484
.481
.481
.505
.493
.523
.535
.541
.564
.585
HP/
WT
.0356
.0351
.0364
.0357
.0322
.0320
.0318
.0333
.0330
.0332
.0349
.0337
.0367
.0382
.0386
.0382
.0385
CID/
WT
.0778
.0785
.0799
.0784
.0718
.0710
.0692
.0689
.0689
.0690
.0691
.0683
.0700
.0713
.0712
.0684
.0666
PERCENT OF 4500 LB. TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
31.9
44.1
45.0
50.0
15.7
31.6
.2 24.7
.1 20.5
26.7
27.5
25.1
25.8
23.2
31.3
29.6
.0 28.7
.0 32.6
MANUAL
TRANS
27.8
30.3
22.0
21.0
20.7
27.0
18.3
13.7
14.1
14.0
11.9
12.4
13.2
15.1
23.5
15.5
12.3
FUEL
FI
4.6
22.1
79.3
97.4
98.5
99.1
99.0
METERING
TBI PORT
43.2
66.4
59.8
61.7
52.6
22.1
36.1
31.0
38.7
37.3
46.4
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
99.7
97.3
99.0
99.6
99.6
99.8
95.4
77.9
20.7
2.5
1.4
.9
.5
DSL
2.0
.3
2.7
1.0
.4
.4
.2
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
.5
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.3
99.2
99.2
99.7
99.0
98.7
98.9
94.2
95.5
.2
.1
.2
.0
.0
.2
.6
.7
.8
.8
.3
1.0
1.3
1.1
5.8
4.5
-94-
-------
TABLE F-9 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
5000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
201
297
256
324
673
242
122
170
173
260
277
289
235
366
340
457
406
FRACT
.101
.114
.091
.099
.218
.130
.067
.089
.075
.078
.076
.067
.057
.080
.077
.118
.101
FUEL
CITY
10.2
11.0
11.9
11.7
11.4
13.4
14.1
15.1
14.8
14.0
13.8
14.1
13.8
14.2
14.0
13.9
13.8
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
12.4
13.7
14.8
14.6
13.7
17.9
18.7
20.2
20.6
19.5
19.4
20.0
19.3
20.3
19.8
20.6
20.3
11.1
12.1
13.1
12.8
12.3
15.1
15.8
17.0
17.0
16.0
15.9
16.3
15.9
16.4
16.1
16.3
16.1
WT VOL
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
0-60
TIME
14.1
14.7
14.0
13.6
15.1
14.8
15.4
15.6
15.0
14.4
14.1
14.1
13.4
13.2
13.4
12.7
12.5
DISP
(IN)
365
364
372
371
363
347
330
331
332
327
326
323
327
330
322
332
328
HP
165
156
167
170
156
154
146
144
150
159
164
162
175
180
176-
188
190
HP/
CID
.450
.428
.446
.459
.426
.443
.447
.438
.458
.488
.504
.503
.534
.541
.547
.565
.585
HP/
WT
.0330
.0313
.0333
.0340
.0311
.0307
.0293
.0288
.0301
.0318
.0328
.0325
.0351
.0360
.0352
.0375
.0381
CID/
WT
.0729
.0728
.0745
.0742
.0726
.0694
.0659
.0663
.0665
.0654
.0653
.0647
.0654
.0661
.0644
.0664
.0655
PERCENT OF 5000 LB. TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4WD
48
50
40
56
22
51
50
42
48
60
63
62
70
61
62
57
47
.9
.3
.8
.5
.4
.8
.7
.0
.9
.0
.5
.7
.3
.1
.7
.9
.1
MANUAL
TRANS
24
24
22
27
15
18
17
17
12
12
11
9
13
9
12
6
4
.2
.6
.1
.0
.5
.5
.4
.9
.1
.6
.8
.5
.0
.8
.6
.8
.2
FUEL
FI
3.2
16.2
70.7
97.4
99.3
99.5
98.4
METERING
TBI PORT
40.0
47.8
39.1
46.7
40.0
16.2
30.7
49.6
60.2
52.8
58.4
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.2
82.5
85.6
67.9
81.7
93.4
94.0
82.3
28.5
1.4
DSL
.0
7.8
17.5
14.4
32.1
18.3
6.6
2.8
1.5
.8
1.1
.7
.5
1.6
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.6
98.2
95.6
3.4
1.8
4.4
-95-
-------
TABLE F-10 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
5500 LB.,TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
59
109
101
133
158
28
6
41
35
34
28
28
58
77
47
46
54
FRACT
.030
.042
.036
.041
.051
.015
.003
.022
.015
.010
.008
.006
.014
.017
.011
.012
.014
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
9.2
10.3
10.7
11.0
10.3
11.7
12.2
18.7
17.6
15.6
13.9
13.8
14.3
13.9
14.4
14.3
13.6
11.3
13.1
13.4
13.8
12.2
15.4
16.1
26.4
25.4
22.1
20.2
20.0
21.0
20.3
22.4
22.5
20.6
10.0
11.4
11.8
12.1
11.1
13.1
13.7
21.5
20.4
17.9
16.1
16.0
16.7
16.2
17.2
17.1
16.0
WT VOL 0-60
TIME
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
14.7
14.8
14.1
14.5
14.3
15.2
15.2
17.9
17.6
16.8
15.8
15.8
12.6
12.9
12.7
12.6
12.8
DISP
(IN)
380
385
398
380
400
353
350
350
373
367
359
341
351
350
350
351
348
HP
175
173
184
173
183
162
163
132
136
145
157
157
206
199
205
207
202
HP/
CID
.456
.445
.458
.457
.454
.458
.466
.378
.367
.398
.440
.475
.588
.569
.587
.591
.582
HP/
UT
.0317
.0315
.0334
.0315
.0333
.0294
.0296
.0240
.0248
.0264
.0286
.0286
.0374
.0362
.0374
.0377
.0367
CID/
UT
.0691
.0700
.0725
.0691
.0727
.0642
.0636
.0636
.0679
.0668
.0653
.0620
.0638
.0636
.0637
.0638
.0633
PERCENT OF 5500 LB. TRUCKS;
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
84.9
86.1
76.1
89.9
11.9
60.6
73.2
79.9
67.5
67.2
79.8
76.2
35.9
36.4
4.6
3.9
19.4
MANUAL
TRANS
2.6
3.3
1.7
1.1
29.5
22.9
24.3
13.2-
3.6
4.5
4.1
10.1
.4
1.2
1.0
1.3
FUEL
FI
92.6
97.7
96.9
96.9
94.2
METERING
TBI PORT
91
88
89
92
61
.6 .9
.3 9.3
.8 7.1
.1 4.8
.0 33.2
CARB
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
7
19
42
70
74
3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
.9
.1
.0
.5
.8
.4
DSL
92
80
57
30
25
3
1
3
3
5
.0
.0
.8
.1
.9
.0
.5
.6
.9
.1
.1
.8
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
-96-
-------
TABLE F-11 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
6000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
SALES
(000)
1
1
2
2
10
4
4
4
4
8
6
3
4
33
32
23
FUEL ECONOMY
FRACT
.000
.001
.001
.001
.003
.002
.002
.002
,001
.002
.001
.001
.001
.007
.008
.006
CITY
10.0
10.6
11.2
10.7
9.7
10.8
18.2
17.4
17.4
18.0
18.8
18.1
16.0
13.5
13.6
13.6
HUY
12.3
13.9
14.2
13.4
12.6
14.9
26.2
25.3
25.8
27.6
28.5
26.8
23.6
20.0
20.4
20.3
55/45
10.9
11.9
12.4
11.8
10.8
12.3
21.1
20.2
20.4
21.4
22.2
21.2
18.7
15.8
16.0
16.0
WT VOL 0-60
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
TIME
16.9
16.3
16.0
15.6
15.7
15.8
19.5
19.4
19.4
19.3
19.5
19.0
17.3
13.7
13.6
13.6
DISP
(IN)
329
373
362
373
411
362
350
378
378
378
379
377
369
352
352
352
HP
152
161
165
170
189
169
130
131
131
132
130
136
158
205
206
205
HP/
CID
.463
.433
.458
.458
.448
.467
.372
.346
.346
.349
.343
.363
.431
.584
.587
.584
HP/
UT
.0253
.0268
.0275
.0284
.0315
.0282
i0217
.0218
.0218
.0219
.0217
.0227
.0263
.0341
.0343
.0342
CID/
UT
.0548
.0622
.0603
.0621
.0686
.0603
.0583
.0631
.0631
.0629
.0632
.0628
.0616
.0586
.0586
.0587
PERCENT OF 6000 LB. TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
DRIVE
FRONT 4UD
14.6
64.4
53.5
64.2
43.1
2.3
99.3
95.5
95.4
41.2
41.5
48.5
61.9
96.3
96.8
93.2
MANUAL
TRANS
74.8
38.8
36.7
33.8
2.5
.3
7.9
7.4
1.1
.7
FUEL
FI
7.8
32.9
93.7
94.5
92.8
METERING
TBI PORT
7.8
32.9
93.7
94.5
92.8
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
4.5
4.6
4.7
DSL
99.3
95.5
95.4
95.3
100.0
92.2
67.1
6.3
5.5
7.2
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED'
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-97-
-------
TABLE F-12 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1991 LIGHT TRUCKS
-6500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1980
1991
SALES
(000)
1
1
1
2
1
1
FRACT
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
FUEL
CITY
9.9
10.4
11.4
10.7
10.6
16.8
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
11.6 10.6
13.3 11.5
13.6 12.3
13.2 11.7
14.5 12.0
26.7 20.2
WT VOL
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
0-60
TIME
18.6
19.2
19.3
18.1
18.5
19.6
DISP
(IN)
321
324
316
327
368
379
HP
150
144
142
155
150
140
HP/
CID
.468
.447
.453
.474
.408
.369
HP/
WT
.0231
.0222
.0219
.0239
.0231
.0215
CID/
WT
.0494
.0498
.0486
.0503
.0566
.0583
PERCENT OF 6500 LB. TRUCKS:
MODEL DRIVE MANUAL
YEAR FRONT 4WD TRANS
1975
1976 .2
1977
1978
1980
1991 100.0
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
MANUFACTURED
DOM IMPORTED
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-98-
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