EPA/AA/CTAB/TA/82-2
                          Technical Report
                 The  Effects  of  Acceleration Rate  on
             Vehicle Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy
                                 by

                          Larry C. Landman




                            August, 1982




                               NOTICE

Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or
positions.  They are intended to present technical analyses of issues
using data which are currently available.  The purpose in the release of
such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and
to inform the public of technical developments which may form the basis
for a final EPA decision, position or regulatory action.
                U.  S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency
                 Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
            Office  of  Mobile  Source  Air  Pollution  Control
                Emission Control Technology Division
      Control Technology Assessment  and  Characterization Branch
                         2565 Plymouth Road
                     Ann Arbor, Michigan  48105

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                                     -2-

Introduction

This report summarizes a test program which was designed to explore the
impact on exhaust emissions and fuel economy of:

     1.    Coupling the dynamometer rollers (front and rear) and
     2.    Higher rates of acceleration.

The testing was performed by the California Air Resources Board (GARB) for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under contract number
68-03-2783, Task No. 4.

Control Technology Assessment and Characterization Branch (CTAB) has been
interested in the general subject of "off-cycle" emissions for some time.
"Off-cycle" operation is vehicular operation that exists on the road, which
is not simulated at all or may not be simulated adequately by the Federal
Test Procedure (FTP), and is important from the point of view of population
exposure to the pollutants of interest that are emitted.

Of the infinite number of "off-cycle" conditions CTAB has currently
identified, two appear to require further study.  They are:  1) varying
ambient temperature and  2) increased speed/load.  The initial phase of the
temperature work is done (see EPA/AA/CTAB/TA/81-7, "Carbon Monoxide and
Non-FTP Ambient Temperature" February, 1981).  The other area, speed/load,
is generally considered to be conditions where the vehicle and/or engine
speed and/or where the engine load are not simulated on our test cycles.
Since vehicle accelerations are a type of maneuver which might involve
speed/load "off-cycle" operation, several acceleration cycles were used as a
surrogate for the more general speed/load case.

We previously identified vehicle acceleration rates greater than those of
the FTP as being possible in actual vehicle operation via an analysis of
existing data (Reference 19).  We also calculated via hot, steady state, map
and modal models that emissions might be sensitive to higher acceleration

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                                     -3-

rates (Reference 23).  This background work led us to suggest that this test
program be considered as a candidate for a task order contract that the Test
and Evaluation Branch had with the GARB.

The GARB work had essentially two parts.   The first was an evaluation of the
emissions and fuel economy on two cycles with and without a roll coupler.
The two cycles were the clipped and undipped LA-4 cycle.  The original
cycle's velocity versus time (v-t) plot was clipped of accelerations in
excess of +_ 3.3 mph/sec due to inadequacies of the belt-driven dynomometers
in use at the time.  Note that the uncoupled, clipped LA-4 is what we use
now.  A comparison of the clipped to the undipped LA-4 test cycle is shown
in Figure 1.

The second part of the program was to obtain emissions and fuel consumption
data during several specified acceleration modes.  The accelerations were
specified as an initial and final speed to be accomplished in a given time
such that the "accel rate" (actually the slope of the straight portion of
the typical v-t graph) was a specified value.  We planned to test below and
above the +3.3 mph/sec clip point for the LA-4, all the way to wide open
throttle.  In this way we hoped to identify parametrically the sensitivity
of emissions and fuel consumption to accel rate for several vehicles.

The test data obtained from this program included gaseous exhaust emissions
of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C0_), oxides
of nitrogen (NOx), and sulfate emissions (SO,).  In addition, total
particulate (IP) and opacity (smoke) were also measured for the Diesel
vehicle.  Fuel economy was calculated using carbon balance equations
(40 CFR  600.113-78 (d) and (e)).

The test vehicles were a 1970 model year Impala, and 1980 model year,
gasoline-fueled Pinto, Firebird, Saab 900 Turbo, and Volvo GL.  Additionally
there was a 1980 model year Rabbit Diesel.  These cars are described in
detail later in this report.

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                     BnSIC FTP(SOLID)
                                                                    tn»m  tmm tram
y.

                     UNCLIPPFD FIR (POINTS NO I  CONNECTED)
                                        /V
                          +J
                       SIC I  TP(SOLID)  UNCLIPPF.D FTP(" + ")
                            Figure 1




                          Test Cycles

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                                     -5-
Conclusions

1.  Higher acceleration rates on the FTP while coupling the dynamometer
    rollers (i.e. undipped, coupled versus standard FTP) resulted in
    increases in HC and CO emissions for the 1980 model year,
    gasoline-fueled vehicles.  Both the Impala and the Pinto exhibited
    increases in fuel economy; the other four vehicles showed mixed
    results.  The changes in NOx emissions were also mixed.

2.  Coupling the dynamometer rollers resulted in statistically significant
    increases in both HC and CO emissions on both the clipped and the
    undipped FTP test cycles as well as a slight decrease in the opacity of
    Diesel exhaust during acceleration cycles.  The effects of coupling the
    rollers on NOx emissions and fuel economy on the FTP were mixed and
    strongly vehicle dependent.

3.  The effects on emissions and fuel economy of employing higher
    acceleration rates on the FTP (i.e. clipped versus undipped FTP test
    cycles) with either the dynamometer rollers uncoupled or coupled were
    mixed and not statistically significant.

4.  Data from the acceleration test cycles were highly variable and are
    possibly unreliable.  The data indicate that the effects of increasing
    acceleration rates or of coupling the dynamometer rollers (during those
    acceleration cycles) were not consistent and were strongly vehicle
    dependent.

5.  In comparing the mean emissions of the 1970 model year Impala with those
    of the 1980 model year, gasoline-fueled cars (Pinto, Firebird, Saab 900
    Turbo, and Volvo), we found:

    a)   On the urban cycles (both the "clipped" and "undipped" FTP
         performed both with and without the dynamometer rollers coupled),
         the four 1980 nodel year cars exhibited (relative to the 1970 car):

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                                 -6-

     i)   HC reductions of at least 83%,

     ii)  CO reductions of at least 82%,

     iii) NOx reductions of at least 76%.

b)   The data generated during the acceleration tests are mixed,  and the
     comparisons were less clear-cut:

     i)   The HC and CO emissions of the 1970 Impala exceeded those of
          the 1980 gasoline-fueled cars with the exception of the
          Firebird.  There was no consistent relationship between the
          Impala and the Firebird with respect to HC or CO emissions.

     ii)  The NOx emissions of the 1970 Impala during WOT accelerations
          were greater than those of the Pinto, Saab, or Volvo,  all of
          which were greater than those of the Firebird.  During the
          non-WOT acceleration tests, the 1970 vehicle emitted two to
          three times the amount of NOx as did the four 1980
          gasoline-fueled cars.

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                                     -7-
Vehicles in the Test Program

Six passenger cars were tested by GARB in this program.  Descriptions of
those vehicles are presented in Table 1.  A seventh car (vehicle number 5)
was also scheduled to be tested; however, testing of that vehicle was not
possible due to problems with the testing equipment and scheduling.

Four of the cars are 1980 model year, gasoline-fueled vehicles with
closed-loop, three-way catalyst systems.  A fifth car, the 1980 VW Rabbit,
is Diesel-fueled.  The sixth car is a 1970 model year Impala without
substantial control of exhaust emissions and without a catalyst.

Test Equipment

Two Clayton chassis dynamometers (Model CTE-50) were used by GARB in this
program.  Dynamometer number 1 was similar to the type of two-roller
dynamometer used by EPA for official certification testing.  Dynamometer
number 2 was the same as number 1 except that it used a cogged belt to
connect the (otherwise independent) rollers (see Figure 2).  The higher
acceleration rates required coupled rollers to prevent excessive slip
between the tires and the rollers.

The sample train was modified by installing a more powerful suction pump
(with output flow of about 5 CFM) in order to collect an adequate bag sample
during the short (i.e. 5 to 10 seconds) acceleration tests.

The electronic actuation signal (start) for the vehicle driver was
coordinated with the bag sampler and the chart recorder.  The bag sampler
signal had to be delayed by an amount equivalent to the exhaust sample
travel time between the tailpipe and the bag intake.  This coordination was
                                                    • •!
found to be critical since the travel time was of the same order of
magnitude as the acceleration test duration.

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                                                      Table 1
Test Vehicle Descriptions
Vehicle Number
Model Year
Model
C. I .D.
No. of Cy 1 Inders
Gas / Diesel
Asp 1 rat ton
Catalyst System
Carb / Fuel Injected
A 1r Inject Ion ?
EGR ?
Transm iss Ion
Axle Ratio
Tire Size
Equivalent Test Weight
(ETW) (Ibs)
Dyno HP
1
1980
FORD PINTO
14O
4
GAS
NATURAL
3-WAY + OXD CAT
CLOSED-LOOP
2V HOLLEY
CARB
YES
YES
AUTO
3-SPEED
3.O8
B78X 13
2875
10.7
2
1970
CHEV IMPALA
35O
8
GAS
NATURAL
NONE
2V ROCHESTER
CARB
NO
NO
AUTO
3-SPEED
2.56 *
G78X15
4OOO
12. O
3
1980
PONT. FIREBIRD
3O5
a
GAS
NATURAL
3-WAY CAT
CLOSED-LOOP
4V ROCHESTER
CARB
YES
YES
AUTO
3-SPEED
2.56
2O5X15
4OOO
1O. 2
4
1980
VW RABBIT
90
4
DIESEL
NATURAL
NONE
BOSCH FI
NO
NO
MANUAL
5-SPEED
3.90
155X13
2375
6.8
6
198O
SAAB 9OO TURBO
121
4
GAS
TURBOCHARGED
3-WAY CAT
CLOSED-LOOP
BOSCH FI
NO
NO
MANUAL
5-SPEEO
3.89
195X15
3125
11.3
7
198O
VOLVO GL
130
4
GAS
NATURAL
3-WAY CAT
CLOSED-LOOP
BOSCH FI
NO oo
NO
AUTO
3-SPEEO
3.73
185X14
3375
12.5
* Questionable value.

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               -9-

             Figure.2 ,
      Dynamometer Roll Coupler
   CLAYTON   DYNAMOMETER
                       »T
1





3
s

1
5s
£
*^H
_J


P


, 1
1








Top View - Rolls w/Coupler Installed
                       AVERAGE DEFLECTION
   Detail of Cogged Belt Coupler

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                                     -10-

Test Cycles

The test sequence consisted of the following steps with and without the
dynamometer roller coupler installed:

    1. - FTP exhaust emissions test.

    2. - Acceleration test cycles as follows:

         a)   0-30 mph at constant acceleration rate of 3.0 mph/sec.

         b)   0-30 mph at constant acceleration rate of 4.0 mph/sec.

         c)   0-30 mph at constant acceleration rate of 5.0 mph/sec.

         d)   0-30 mph at constant acceleration rate of 6.0 mph/sec.

         e)   0-30 mph at wide open throttle.

         f)   0-60 mph at wide open throttle.

         g)   30-60 mph at constant acceleration rate of 3.0 mph/sec.

         h)   30-60 mph at constant acceleration rate of 4.0 mph/sec.

         i)   30-60 mph at constant acceleration rate of 5.0 mph/sec.

         j)   30-60 mph at constant acceleration rate of 6.0 mph/sec.


    3. - Cold start "Undipped" LA-4 test procedure.

    4. - For Diesel powered vehicles only, measurements of opacity (i.e.
    smoke) during accelerations and LA-4 test cycles were performed.

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                                    -11-
Each acceleration test cycle was performed with the vehicle in a hot
stabilized condition.  A minimum of five minutes at 50 mph steady speed was
required to assure engine temperature stability.  Each vehicle was idled for
no more than 10 minutes before the start of the test cycle.  Otherwise, the
5 minutes of 50 mph preconditioning was repeated.  Each acceleration test is
an average of several repeated acceleration runs (see Appendix A).  These
repeated runs were all collected in one bag to ensure adequate sample size
(about 3 SCF) and to minimize bag-to-bag (filling/evacuating) errors.

There is potential difficulty in using this procedure to measure emissions
from an acceleration maneuver which could be only 5 seconds long.  That
difficulty is determining when to collect the exhaust gas.  GARB explains
(reference 27);

    [The GARB] technical staff had to calculate the exact exhaust
    sample transit time for each vehicle and to automate the bag
    filling mechanism to ensure that the samples collected represented
    the acceleration modes only.  The shut-off mechanism had to be
    triggered manually when the desired speed had been attained.  The
    shut-off mechanism continued automatically to allow for the
    appropriate sample transit time.  Obviously, the driver's reactions
    are not instantaneous.  Hypothetically, if it took 1 to 2 seconds
    for a driver to react, up to 40% increase (2 seconds - 5 second
    test) in the sample collection time could result.
This error would cause deceleration exhaust emissions to be collected in the
CVS bags since the driver would immediately brake the vehicle in preparation
for repeated acceleration.  Deceleration exhaust emissions for HC and CO can
be orders of magnitude higher than acceleration exhaust emissions due to
incomplete combustion (see Reference 26).  Therefore, the net error may
exceed the value of the measured pollutants.

The "undipped" LA-4 driving cycle is the "Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule" published in the Federal
Register, Volume 35, No. 136, dated July 15, 1970.  By omitting (clipping
out) acceleration modes higher than 3.3 miles per hour per second, the
undipped LA-4 becomes the clipped LA-4 or the CVS-72 driving cycle.

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                                    -12-

Summary of the Test Results

The regulated gaseous emissions (in grams per mile) and fuel economy (in
miles per gallon) data generated In this test program can be found in
Appendix A.  Opacity, sulfate, and total particulate test data are presented
in Appendix C.

In comparing the emissions (in grams per mile) produced by accelerating from
0 to 30 mph at a rate of 3 mph per second to those produced during an
acceleration of 5 mph per second, we find that the vehicle had to travel
about 67% farther to reach the terminal speed (30 mph) at the lower
acceleration rate than at the higher.  Thus, even if a vehicle emitted a
pollutant at a lower rate at 3 mph/sec than at 5 mph/sec, the total
emissions during the various acceleration cycles might be ordered
differently.  We, therefore, calculated the average'total emissions (in
grams) for a single acceleration (i.e. maneuver) by multiplying the
emissions per mile (from Appendix A) by the average distance for that test
(i.e., the "total distance" divided by "number of accelerations per test").
These calculated values appear in Appendix B.  We similarily computed the
average amount of fuel consumed for each acceleration.

For the FTP test data from Appendix A and the acceleration test cycle data
from Appendix B, we calculated means, standard deviations, and coefficients
of variation (C.O.V. = "standard deviation" divided by "mean" x 100%).  (See
Appendix D.)  Histograms were drawn using the means calculated in Appendix D
(see Appendixes F, G and H).

Effects of Clipped and Undipped Test Cycles;

The percent changes in the average emissions and fuel consumption between
the test results of the "undipped" and "clipped" FTP cycles appear in Table
2.  Neither the data in Table 2 nor the graphs in Appendix F-l indicate a
consistent measurable effect between the two cycles either on emissions or

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                                                    Table 2

                                             (Undipped vs Clipped)
                           Effect (A% ) of Higher Acceleration Rates on  FTP  Emissions
                           (grams per mile) and Fuel Consumption  (gallons per  mile)
Vehicle
Pinto
Impala
Firebird
Rabbit
Saab
Vol vo

A% HC
-6.5%
4 . 37.
-6.O7.
1 6 . 6%
-13. 5%
1 1 . 9%

W 1
(e)
<9>
(f)
(f )
(f)
(f )

xn uyn
A% CO
3 . 27.
- 7 . 27.
3 . 3%
- 1 . 8%
-7.57.
7 . 0%

Tor the four 198O Model Year
Mean A% :
St. Dev:
t A% =
(a) The
(b) The
(c) The
(d) The
(e) The
( f ) The
(g) The
- 3 . 5%
1O. 8
Uncl ipped -
1 . 57.
6.3
C 1 ippe
Cl ipped
sample
sample
sample
sample
sample
sample
sample
means
means
means
means
means
means
meat is
used
used
used
used
used
used
used
O K<
(9)
(f )
(9)
(9)
(f)
(g)
3115
A%
-2
- 15
-6
5
2
14
unco
NOx
. 1%
.6%
. 17.
.6%
. 1%
.9%
'upiea - 	
A% Fuel
Consumed
(f )
(f)
(f )
(c)
(9)
(f )
4 .
-O.
-O.
O.
1 .
2.
2%
3%
9%
0%
4%
9%
(f )
(g)
(f )

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                                    -14-

on fuel consumption.  Adding to the difficulty of detecting a trend is the
small number of FTPs performed in each sample, thus reducing the confidence
level (using Student's t-test) at which we can even determine whether a
given percent change is positive, negative, or zero.

Effects of Coupling Dynamometer Rollers during the FTPt

The percent changes in the average emission and fuel consumption between the
test results with the  dynamometer rollers coupled and uncoupled appear in
Table 3.  The changes are illustrated in Appendix F-l.

All the gasoline-fueled cars exhibited increases in HC emissions on both the
"clipped" and "undipped" FTP cycles when the rollers were coupled.  If we
examine the results from only the 1980 model year, gasoline-fueled cars, we
find the mean change to be 58.8% with a standard deviation of 71.3 for the
currently used "clipped" FTP, and 26.1% and 21.7 for the "undipped."  The
Firebird exhibited a substantially higher percent change in HC than the
other vehicles.  The VW Rabbit Diesel appeared to exhibit a decrease in HC
emissions when the rollers were coupled; however, the large test-to-test
variability (see Table D4 of Appendix D) makes it difficult to have a high
degree of statistical confidence in that decrease actually being a trend.

All the gasoline-fueled cars also exhibited increases in CO emissions when
the dynamometer rollers were coupled.  The CO emissions of the 1980 Pontiac
Firebird, like its HC emissions, exhibited a percent increase with the
rollers coupled greater than the other four gasoline-fuel vehicles.  The VW
Diesel Rabbit exhibited a decrease in CO emissions when the rollers were
coupled.

All the gasoline-fueled, 1980 cars exhibited apparent increases in NOx
emissions on the "clipped" FTP test cycle when the dynamometer rollers were
coupled.  However, if we use the coefficient of variation (calculated in
Appendix D) as a measure of test-to-test variability, we find that in half
of those cases the test-to-test variability exceeds the apparent changes
among the means.  On the "undipped" FTP cycle, all the 1980 model year,

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                                                                Table  3
Vehicle
Pinto
Impala
Firebird
Rabbit
Saab
Volvo

A% HC
1 3 . 9%
4. 1%
164 .6%
- 17 .3%
1 8 . 5%
38. 1%
Ef fee
( gr
A% CO
(a) 27.8%
(f) 18.2%
(a) 1O3.0%
( f ) -12.8%
(f) 23 8%
( f ) 38 . 9%
For the four 198O Model Year
Mean A% :
St. Oev:
* A% =
(a) The
(b) The
(c) The
(d) The
(e) The
( f ) T he
( g ) the
58.8% 48.4%
71.3 37 .O
Coupled - Uncouple
Uncoupled
sample
sample
samp) e
sample
sample
sample
samp 1 e
means used
means used
means used
means used
means used
means used
means used
t ( A% )
ants per
1 Ipped"
A%
(a)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
4
- 18
•'
- 1
15
of C
at i 1 e
FTP
NOx
.3%
.8%
.4%
.0%
.2%
(Coupled vs Uncoupled)
oupllng Dynamometer Rollers on FTP Emissions
) and Fuel Consumption (gallants per mile)
A% Fuel
Consumed
(e)
(e)
(f )
(g)
(e)
-20.
2 .
- 16.
t .
-1 .
(e) 24. 1% (d) 3.
, Gasoline-Fueled Cars
d
are
are
are
are
are
are
are
12
9
too
.0%
6
distinct
distinct
distinct
d 1 s 1 1 nc t
d t s 1 1 nc t
d i s 1 1 nc t
d 1 s t i nc: t

at
at
at
at
at
at
at
-8.
1 1 .
5%
4%
5%
2%
9%
7%
8%
5
(a)
(e)
(a)
(g)
(e)
(f)

A% HC A% CO A% NOx
31.4% (d) 34.2% (a) 5.8% (c)
-2.0% (g) 27.6% (a) -3.O% (g)
54.6% (b) 6O.8% (d) 19.6% (b)
16 . 3% ( f ) -6 . 3% ( g ) -6 . 3% ( f )
9.7% (f) 21 .8% (e) -7.2% (f )
8.8% (e) 21.8% (e) 5.6% (g)
26.1% 34.6% 6.0%
21.7 18.4 1O. 9
A% Fuel
Consumed
-22.3% (a)
2.7% ( d )
- 1 7 . O% ( a )
-11% (g)
-1.9% ( g )
3.8% (f)
-9.4%
12.3
a 99% confidence level.
a 98% confidence level.
a -95% confidence level.
a 9O% confidence level.
an 80% confidence level.
only a 5O% confidence level.
confidence levels less than 5O%.
                                                                                                                                                       Ln
                                                                                                                                                        I
-  i;/-.ip/ir>  i n Appi-uflix  F • I .

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                                    -16-

naturally aspirated, gasoline-fueled cars (i.e. Pinto, Firebird, and Volvo)
exhibited trends (exceeding the 98% confidence level) indicating increasing
NOx (averaging 10.3% with a standard deviation of 8.0) when the rollers were
coupled.

The fuel consumption (gallons per mile) data are mixed.  However, both the
Pinto and the Firebird (vehicles 1 and 3) exhibit the trend (at the 99%
confidence level) of decreasing fuel consumption associated with coupling
the dynamometer rollers.  The other four vehicles exhibit smaller, less
certain fuel economy effects.  An earlier EPA study (reference number 18)
found that a 1976 model year Mercury Montego exhibited a 4% increase in fuel
consumption with the rollers coupled when tested at a steady state 50 mph.

A Ford study (reference number 8), suggests that coupling the dynamometer
rollers results in increasing HC, CO, and fuel consumption on the FTP cycle
for a fleet of five cars and five trucks.  The in changes NOx emissions in
that Ford study were mixed.

Effects of an Undipped Test Cycle and Coupled Dynamometer Rolls;

The data in Table 4 summarizes the per cent changes observed in the average
emissions and fuel consumption between the standard (i.e. clipped and
uncoupled) FTP and the "undipped" FTP with coupled dynamometer rollers.  It
can be thought of as the difference between the current procedure and a
possibly improved procedure.

The 1980 model year, gasoline-fueled vehicles exhibited increases in HC and
CO emissions over the standard FTP, but the changes in NOx emissions were
mixed.

The 1980 Pinto and the 1980 Firebird both exhibited increases in fuel
economy (i.e. decreases in fuel consumption).  However, the other four
vehicles showed mixed results.

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                                 -17-

                               Table 4


               (Coupled-Uncl ipped vs Uncoupled-Cl ipped)


      Effect  (A%*)  of  Both Coupling the Dynamometer Rollers and
      Higher  Accelerations on FTP Emissions and Fuel Consumption
Vehicle
Pinto
Impala
Firebird
Rabbit
Saab
Volvo
A% HC
22.9%
2.2%
45.4%
-2.5%
-5.0%
21 .7%
(d)
(g)
(b)
(g)
(g)
(d)
A%
38.
18.
66.
-8.
12.
30.
CO A%
5%
4%
2%
0%
6%
4%
(c)
(c)
(b)
(f)
(f)
(c)
3.
-18.
12.
-1 .
-5.
21 .
NOx
6%
1%
3%
0%
2%
3%
(e)
(f)
(d)
(g)
(g)
(a)
A% Fuel
Consumed
-19
2
-17
-1
-0
6
.0%
.4%
.8%
. 1%
.5%
.8%
(c)
(e)
(a)
(g)
(g)
(f)
        For the four 1980 Model Year,  Gasoline-Fueled Cars:

    Mean A%:   21.2%         36.9%         8.0%         -7.6%
    St.  Dev:   20.6          22.3         11.4          12.8
               (Coupled,Unclipped) - (Uncoupled,Clipped)   1fin
                   '(Uncoupled,Clipped)
(a)   The sample means used are distinct at a 99% confidence level.
(b)   The sample means used are distinct at a 98% confidence level.
(c)   The sample means used are distinct at a 95% confidence level.
(d)   The sample means used are distinct at a 90% confidence level.
(e)   The sample means used are distinct at an 80% confidence level,
(f)   The sample means used are distinct at only a 50% confidence
     -level.
(g)   The sample means used are distinct at confidence levels
     less than 50%.


 See graphs in Appendix F-1.

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                                    -18-

Effects of Coupling Dynamometer Rollers during the Acceleration Cycles;

No consistent relationship between coupling the dynamometer rollers and  the
test results was apparent.  However, some individual vehicles appeared to
display their own individual relationship.  For example, coupling the
dynamometer rollers resulted in:

    1.   The Impala and the Volvo emitting higher amounts of HC, but the
         Pinto (during throttled accelerations from 0 to 30 mph) emitting
         less HC.

    2.   Increased CO emissions for the Firebird but reduced CO emissions
         for the Saab and Volvo.

    3.   Decreases in NOx emissions for the Impala and Volvo, but mixed
         results for the other cars.

Thus the test results indicated that the effects on emissions and fuel
economy of coupling the dynamometer rollers were strongly vehicle dependent.

Care should be taken in using the histograms in Appendixes G and H since
they are based on the mean values, and, hence, may obscure the existence of
a wide range in the variable.  A case in point is the 1970 Impala (vehicle
2).  One might infer from the emissions data (Appendixes A and B) that a
significant change occured between test 4 and 5; however, we cannot document
any such change.  We did perform separate calculations (Appendix D) based on
that inference.

-------
                                    -19-

Effects of Acceleration Rates on Emissions and Fuel Economy;

No consistent trend is apparent between the acceleration rate and either any
of the average total emissions (Appendix G) or any of the average emissions
per mile (Appendix H).  However, each of the six test vehicles exhibited its
own unique reaction to varing acceleration rates.  For example, the 1980
Firebird (vehicle 3):

    1.   Exhibited increasing HC (both grams per mile and total grams per
         maneuver) as the acceleration rate increased.

    2.   Exhibited increasing CO (both grams per mile and total grams per
         maneuver) as the acceleration rate increased except for the 0 to 30
         mph acceleration modes with the dynamometer rollers not coupled in
         which CO was minimized for the 4 mph/sec. acceleration and
         increased with higher acceleration rates.

    3.   Exhibited, for emissions measured in grams per mile, increasing NOx
         as the acceleration rate increased in the 0 to 30 mph mode, and
         decreasing NOx as the acceleration rate increased in the 30 to 60
         mph mode.  However, for emissions measured in total grams per
         maneuver, NOx increased with increasing accelerations to a maximum
         occuring at an acceleration between 4 and 5 mph/sec followed by
         decreasing NOx at higher accelerations.

    4.   Exhibited, for fuel consumption measured in gallons per mile,
         increasing fuel consumption in the 0 to 30 mph mode with increasing
         acceleration rates.  Almost no effect was seen in the 30 to 60 mph
         mode for fuel consumption measured in total gallons per maneuver,
         and the fuel consumption in gallons per mile tended to increase as
         the acceleration rate increased.

The other test vehicles exhibited similar, but different trends, as
illustrated in the graphs in Appendixes F-2 and F-3.

-------
                                    -20-

Comparisons Among the Test Vehicles;

On the four urban cycles (both the "clipped" and "uncilipped" FTP performed
both with and without the dynamometer rollers coupled), the mean emissions
(Appendix D) of the 1980 model year, gasoline-fueled cars (Pinto, Firebird,
Saab 900 Turbo, and Volvo) exhibited (relative to the 1970 model year
Impala):

    1.   HC reductions between 83% to 96%,

    2.   CO reductions between 82% to 93%, and

    3.   NOx reductions between 76% to 90%.

The emissions data generated during the acceleration cycles is illustrated
in Appendixes F-2 (grams per mile basis) and F-3 (total grams per
maneuver).  While comparisons of the acceleration data are less-clear cut
than comparisons of the FTP data, the following trends are apparent;

    1.   The NOx emissions of the 1970 Impala were greater than those of the
         four 1980 gasoline-fueled cars.  During non-WOT accelerations, the
         1970 vehicle emitted mroe than twice the amount of NOx as did the
         1980 gasoline-fueled cars.

    2.   The HC and CO emissions of the 1970 Impala exceeded those of the
         Pinto, Saab, and Volvo.  However, the Firebird's emissions were not
         consistently less than the Impala's emissions.

Effects on Opacity, Sulfates, and Total Particulates;          ..,

The percent opacity (i.e. smoke) of the VW Diesel Rabbit's exhaust was
measured using a Berkeley Smoke Meter and appears in Appendix C.  The data
indicate an increase in opacity number (more visible smoke) with the

-------
                                    -21-

increase in acceleration rate.  Opacity numbers obtained with the
dynamometer rollers coupled were slighly (0% to 6%) lower than those
observed with the rollers not coupled.

The data in Appendix C also show that approximately 50% of the total
particulates emitted from 1980 model year, gasoline-powered vehicles are
sulfate compared with less than 2% for the diesel-powered vehicle.  Total
particulates from the Diesel-powered vehicle were two orders of magnitude
higher than those of the 1980 model year, gasoline-powered vehicles.  The
amount of sulfate emissions by weight was less than 15 mg/mi for all
vehicles.  There is no indication of any trend relating either sulfate or
particulate emissions to either higher FTP acceleration or coupling the
dynamometer rollers.

-------
                                    -22-
Bibliography

1.  R. Jones, "Quantitative Effects of Acceleration Rate on Fuel
    Consumption," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  Technical Report
    EPA-AA-SDSB-80-06, April 1980.

2.  R.E. Kruse and T.A. Huls, "Development of a Federal  Urban Driving
    Schedule," SAE Paper 730553, May 1973.

3.  Federal Register, Vol. 35, No. 136, July 15, 1970.

4.  P.A. Gabele, et. al., "Exhaust Emission Patterns from Two Light-Duty
    Diesel Automobiles," SAE Paper 810081, 1981.

5.  D.S. Klen, "Comparisons of Vehicle/Fuel Test Procedures with Customer
    Driving," SAE Paper 810491, 1981.

6.  Passenger Car Fuel Economy; EPA and Road - A Report  to Congress,  EPA
    460/3-80-010, January 1980, pp. 156-173.

7.  L. Evans and G.M. Takasaki, "Fuel Used to Accelerate Vehicles from Rest
    to Cruising Speeds," SAE Paper 810781, June 1981.

8.  T.E. Downey, Karen L. Besek and Ishwar S. Parekh,  "A Quantitative
    Analysis of the Effects of Rolls Coupling on Fuel  Economy and Emissions
    Levels," SAE Paper 810827, June 1981.

9.  Gordon Wilkins, "How BMW Wrings Out Fuel Economy," Ward's Auto World,
    May 1981.

10. Eugene Danielson, "The Effect of Load and Inertia  on Particulate
    Emissions," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  Technical  Report
    EPA-AA-SDSB-80-1, January 1980.

-------
                                    -23-
11.  R. Burgeson and M. Torres, "Tire Slip on the Clayton Dynamometer,"  U.S.
     Environmental Protection Agency, Technical Report SDSB 78-02,  March
     1978.

12.  J.H. Kent and N.R. Mudford, "Motor Vehicle Emissions and Fuel
     Consumption Modelling," University of Sydney, Australia, Transportation
     Research, Vol. 13A, pp. 395-406, December 1979.

13.  T.M. Johnson, et. al., "Measurement of Motor Vehicle Operation
     Pertinent to Fuel Economy," SAE Paper 750003, 1975.

14.  J. Harkins, et. al., "Vehicle Operations Survey  I,"  Scott Research
     Laboratories Inc., 1971 (NTIS-PB-210640).

15.  EPA Memo titled, "Request for Comments on SAE Paper  No.  810491," from
     E. LeBaron and G. Thompson to C.L. Gray, Jr., April  17,  1981.

16.  EPA Memo titled, "Turbochargers and 'Cycle Beating'," from C.L.  Gray to
     M.P. Walsh, February 8, 1979.

17.  A.E. Barth, "The Effects on Measured Emissions of a  Modified FTP
     Driving Cycle," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technical  Report
     77-16 AB, November 1977.

18.  J. Yurko, "A Track to Twin Roll Dynamometer Comparison of Several
     Different Methods of Vehicle Velocity Simulation," U.S.  Environmental
     Protection Agency Technical Report SDSB-79-26, June  1979.

19.  EPA Memo titled, "Estimation of the Frequency and Time Spent in
     Acceleration Modes not Represented by the Current Emission Test
     Procedures," from R.J. Garbe to C-L. Gray, February  5, 1979.

20.  EPA memo titled, "Additional Testing of the 'Gastell' Acceleration
     Limiting Device," from E.A. Barth to R.C. Stahman, June  16, 1980.

-------
                                    -24-

21.  R. Jones, "The Effect of Acceleration Rate on Automatic Transmission
     Shift-Speeds for Two 1979 Novas," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
     Technical Report SDSB-80-3, January 1980.

22.  T. Hirabayashi, "Determination of Urban Acceleration Rates for Light
     Vehicles," General Motors Corporation, Enviromental Activities Publi-
     cation No. A-3657, August 1978.

23.  S.M. Hudak, "Effects of Driving Cycle Average Speed and Acceleration on
     Emissions and Fuel Economy: A Modeling Study," U.S. Environmental
     Protection Agency, CAB, ECTD, MSAPC, May 1979.

24.  Comments of George W. Cornelius made following the presentation of SAE
     Paper 660546, "Laboratory Simulation of Driving Conditions in the Los
     Angeles Area."  See pages 323 and 324 in Vehicle Emissions Part II.
     Vol. 12 of the SAE Progress In Technology series.

25.  J. Yurko, "Computer Simulation of Tire Slip on a Clayton Twin Roll
     Dynamometer," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technical Report
     SDSB-79-10, February 1979.

26.  D. J. Patterson and N. A. Henein, "Emissions from Combustion Engines
     and Their Control," Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.,  Ann Arbor,
     Michigan, 1972, pages 125-132.

27.  "the Effects of Dynamometer Roller Coupling and Higher  Acceleration
     Rates on Vehicle Exhaust Emissions", A Draft Report to  the EPA from  the
     California Air Resource Board under EPA Contract Number 68-03-2783.

-------
                                     -25-
                                 Appendix A

         Regulated Gaseous  Emissions  (g/mi) and  Fuel  Economy Data
                    During FTP and Acceleration Cycles.
"TEST" - This is the test number arbitrarily assigned to the test sequence,

"Dyno Clpd ?" - This is a yes/no field indicating whether the dynamometer
         rollers were coupled.

-------
                                 -26-
                              Table A1  .



              Measured Test Results — Basic FTP Cycle
VEHICLE
Pinto
Impala
Firebird
Diesel Rabbit
Saab
Volvo
Test
*
2
4
5
g
7*
10
1 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
10
1 1
1
2
3*
4*
5
10
1 1
10
1 1
12
17
18
2
3
7
8
5
O a.
7*
8
9
Dyno
Clpd
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
NO
NO
NO
NO
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
NO
NO
No
NO
Yes
Yes
No
NO
No
Yes
Yes
	 Emissions
HC
0.398
0.425
0.389
0.407
N/A
0.365
0.346
4.807
4.570
4.293
4.905
4.659
4.848
4.619
4.376
0.253
0.357
0.275
N/A
0.291
0.790
0.766
0.379
0.479
0.697
0.61 1
0.643
0.340
0.277
0.403
0.328
0.157
0.179
N/A
0.268
0.196
CO
5.99
6.66
6.93
6.27
N/A
4.79
5.32
43. 18
42.79
49.48
42.97
43.81
44.52
39.32
35.90
4.23
3.99
3.59
N/A
3.56
7.44
8.16
1.47
1.39
1 .56
1.69
1 .69
2.73
2.44
3.29
3. 1 1
2.25
2.46
N/A
3.63
2.91
(g/mi)
C02
502
502
506
520
N/A
618
675
545
529
578
539
536
554
545
540
818
814
792
N/A
815
672
663
269
281
273
265
276
478
473
465
466
446
456
N/A
469
463
	
N0x
0.76
0.72
0.75
0.69
N/A
0.71
0.69
4.81
4.67
4.42
4.79
4.89
4.93
6.60
5. 10
0..61
0.63
0.53
N/A
0.51
0.60
0.59
1.46
1.53
1.48
1.50
1 .52
1 .02
0.89
1.08
1 . 12
0.70
0.71
N/A
0.92
0.83
F.E.
(mpg)
17.3
17.3
17.1
16.7
N/A
14.2
13.0
14. 1
14.5
13.3
14.3
14.3
13.9
14.3
14.5
10.7
10.8
11.1
N/A
10.8
12.9
13. 1
37.3
35.8
36.7
37.7
36.3
18.3
18.6
18.8
18.8
19.7
19.3
N/A
18.6
19.0
* DESIGNATES VOID TEST.

-------
                                 -27-
                              Table A2
Measured
VEHICLE
Pinto

Impala

Firebird

Diesel Rabbit

Saab

Volvo

Test
#
8
9
12
13
7
8
9
12
13
7
i'
12
14
13
H
15
16
5
6
9
10
3
4
10
1 1
Test Results —
Dyno
Clpd
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
NO
No
No
No
NO
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
NO
No
NO
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
• Undipped FTP
	 Emissions
HC CO
0.404
0.470
0.328
0.337
4.042
4.796
4.951
4.41 1
4.971
0.283
0.270
N/A
0.408
0.447
0.506
0.717
0.665
0.797
0.293
0.241
0.285
0.301
0.181
0. 195
0.208
0.201
6.85
7.15
5.20
5.23
45.73
45.28
42.60
35.68
34. 1 1
3.78
4. 16
N/A
5.81
6.96
1 .40
1.71
1 .40
1.92
2.24
2.54
3.08
2.74
2.25
2.79
3.00
3.14
(g/mi)
co2
513
518
670
673
556
535
551
551
538
804
797
N/A
671
651
264
272
261
281
476
491
486
463
466
462
505
459
Cycle
NOX
0.72
0.73
0.69
0.68
4.95
4.84
4.59
5.28
4.60
0.55
0.52
N/A
0.64
0.64
1 .43
1.56
1.58
1 .61
0.95
1 .00
0.96
0.85
0.89
0.73
0.86
0.85
F.E.
(mpg)
16.9
16.7
13.1
13.0
13.9
14.3
14.0
14.3
14.6
10.9
1 1.0
N/A
13.0
13.4
38.0
36.8
38.4
35.6
18.5
17.9
18. 1
19.0
- 18.9
19.0
17.4
19.1
* DESIGNATES VOID TEST.

-------
Table A3
Measured Test Resul
VEHICLE
Pinto






I mpa I a


f Irebtrd





Rabbit




Saab




Volvo





TEST
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
DYNO
CPLD
?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes




--EMISSIONS (g
HC CO
1
O
1
1
1
2
1
26
28
24

136
13O
1O5
1O4
113
3
7
7
4
a
o
0
o
39.
1 .
1 .
o
0.
o.
0.
0.
.22
.96
.80
.03
.55
.75
.68
.56
. 18
.95

.00
.85
84
.46
.06
.45
58
27
44
00
36
19
39
31
35
87
62
51
56
96
84
1 14
95
124
81
138
184
135
19
25
25

812
630
696
715
749
1 1 .
10
1O
8
1O
139.
160.
131 .
138.
143.
6.
4 .
2.
5.
7.
5.
.75
. 17 .
67
.06
.70
9O
.35
84
80
.30

O7
.98
38
.71
62
12
15
86
91
97
93
3O
12
59
O5
17
59
94
CO
52
33
ts •
- 3O mph at WOT '
/ml)-- T(
F.E. 01
NOx (mpg) (r
3
3
4
5
4
3
1
7
8
7

O
0
0
o
0
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
7
4
5
4
3
3
3.
4.
4
.28
.52
.01
.30
.34
.71
.95
.82
.69
.84

.53
.79
.46
.49
.48
.77
.49
66
.66
64
87
95
.65
O7
82
31
25
42
O3
96
54
4
4
4
6
3
3
4
3
3
3

2
2
3
3
3
9
9
9
1 1
10
5
4
3
3
4
5
5
5
5.
4 .
4 .
.8
.5
.4
.6
.9
.4
6
. 4
3
.4

.6
.7
1
3
1
5
7
6
5
1
1
8
3
9
O
3
2
9
6
O
6 '
0
O
0
0
O
0
o
0
o
o

o
o
o
0
0.
o.
0
o.
o
o.
o.
0
o.
0.
o.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
-- Wide Open Throttle Accelerations

HAL
1ST.
nl)
.246
.220
.218
.213
.201
. 112
. 140
231
. 192
. 177

. 179
. 178
190
193
163
229
. 175
172
193
192
147
137
131
146
148
170
163
206
175
176
175

ACCELS
PER
TEST
12
8
8
a
8
13
13
12
10
1O

6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
5
6
8
7
7
7
7
8
6
7
7
7
7
»*.
H<
1
1
1
1
1
0
O
13
12
12

57
51
39
6O
46
5
6
6
5
6
O
1
1
14
1
O
O
0
O.
O.
O



-EMISSIONS (g
: co
.43
.48
.09
. 18
.21
.94
.84
.42
.69
.39

.78
.90
.51
.51
.26
.26
.28
.37
.79
.46
.92
.24
.44
96
.01
24
.78
.49
90
99
72
43
49
43.
54
49
42
46
O
1
2

597
612
518
558
513
1 1 .
1O.
1O.
9.
1 1 .
24 .
25.
9.
8.
42.
16.
1O.
4.
12.
12.
a.
.59
.24
.95
.26
.77
.28
.83
74
24
.88

81
25
20
12
95
15
4O
54
39
19
45
77
97
62
14
64
65
81
99
14
42
i - 6O mph at WOT '
I/ml)-- TC
F.E. DI
NOx (mpg) (r
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
7
7
7

1
1
O
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
1
5.
4
2.
5.
4.
4.
.29
.01
.26
.08
.80
. 13
. 14
.63
.52
.71

.55
.62
.66
.03
.34
.50
.08
29
.09
,2O
.08
.31
.56
12
.20
63
52
93
14
78
71.
8
8
8
12
7
9
8
7
7
6

3
3
4
4
4
13
14
13
15
13
7
7
6
6
14
6
7
7
6
6
6
.3
.O
.5
.O
.7
. 1
.8
. 1
.2
.9

.7
.8
.7
.0
.5
.4
. 1
.9
.5
.7
.2
.9
.5
.4
.0
.8
.2
.2
.9
. 1
.6
O.
O
O.
0.
O.
O.
0.
0.
0.
0.

O.
0.
O.
0.
0.
O.
0.
o.
o.
0.
o.
o.
o.
o.
0.
o.
o.
o.
o.
0.
o.

>TAL
1ST.
nl)
859
638
654
568
594
493
671
715
6O2
552

441
455
540
342
495
500
517
492
516
496
389
449
383
476
377
425
459
457
431
496
5O6

ACCELS
PER
TEST
6
3
3
3
3
2
3
6
5
5

3
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
                                                                            I
                                                                            NJ
                                                                            OC
                                                                            I

-------
Measured Test Resul

VEHICLE
Pinto






Impala






•

Firebird





Rabb 1 t




Saab




Volvo





TEST
tt

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5 ,
6
DYNO
CLPD
7
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
• Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes


--EMISSIOt
HC
0.22
O.52
0.28
O.69
1 .95
2.01
1 .33
9.43
28.4 t
9.65
1O.57
1O.37
13.42
11 .22
10.96
1O. 52

1 .14
O.66
7.94
O.28
O.47
7.91
1O. 16
10. 05
6.72
6. 16
O.30
O.61
0.77
O.31
O.32
1 .07
1 .25
1 .07
0.71
1 .01
O.56
ts -
O - 3O tnph at 3 mph/sec
^S (g/ml)-- TO
F.E. 01
CO
3
8
4
5
40
23
19
66
79
82
82
84
192
127
93
89

144
2
38
4
4
2 1
12
13
13
14
13
1 13
21
15
21
28
44
39
2O
24
3
.51
.35
.54
.59
.53
.62
.32
.88
.04
.48
.73
.64
.40
.71
.87
.09

.60
.81
.69
.83
.04
.4 1
.53
.32
.67
.50
.74
.89
. 18
27
38
.67
41
28
O6
O5
68
NOx
2
2
3
3
4
3
4
24
26
28
27
23
30
28
28
31

2
2
5
2
3
7
4
4
4
5
6.
9
9
g
5
8
9
a
5.
8
5.
. 13
.48
.22
.87
.48
.81
.22
.06
.26
26
.61
.34
.53
. 17
.69
.56

.33
.50
.69
29
.74
.21
65
88
.97
.06
.45
.32
.72
12
.07
.46
08
.66
89
1O
O4
(mpg)
9.5
7 .9
6.4
9.4
5.5
6.6
5.7
57
4.3
4 8
4 .9
4.9
3.4
4.2
4.6
4.3

6.8
7 4
6.O
85
6.4
5.4
8.8
9.3
9.O
8.5
6.8
5.9
5.7
4.8
4 .9
56
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.2
5. 2
Table A4
- Accelerations from 0

ITAL
ST.
(ml)
0.
0.
0.
O.
0.
0.
0.
0.
O.
0.
O.
0.
O.
308
268
246
257
194
240
229
258
28O
236
233
238
181
0.226
0.
0.

O.
O.
0.
0.
O.
O.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
O.
0.
0.
0.
O.
0.
O.
0.
0.
O.
186
181

188
18O
183
199
181
177
185
188
170
179
214
2O8
177
164
173
17O
184
178
182
188
186

ACCELS
PER
TEST
6
.5
5
5
4
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
4
5
4
4

4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4


to 30 MPH

--EMISS10I
HC
0.
1 .
O.
0.
1.
1 .
0.
15.
10.
9.
1 1 .
1 1 .
14 .
12.
1 1 .
1O.

1 .
O.
45.
O.
O.
13.
10.
3.
5.
7.
0.
O.
0.
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
O.
1 .
1 .
66
O4
74
89
19
97
95
53
07
25
39
48
t 1
75
31
8O

O2
78
15
46
34
48
88
28
9O
65
85
84
47
47
37
30
24
39
94
36
64
3 - 30 at 4 mph/sec
>JS (g/ral)--
F.E.
CD
6
27
13
26
38
41
50
98
84
68
1 12
65
195
217
85
66

50
16
329
37
37
21
14
13
14
23
131
133
95
31
21
38
36.
41
19
25
25.
.97
. 1 1
.95
.62
.52
.95
.64
.70
.31
. 13
.67
.28
.65
.56
. 1 1
.88

.58
.72
.32
.28
.92
.65
.79
.69
.01
.57
.66
.37
.27
.73
. 14
.73
41
.37
38
22
O5
NOx
2.43
7.62
4.30
6. 02
5.67
4.50
5.59
38.67
27.22
32.01
29.93
34 .66
35.71
30.97
37.87
36.46

6.48
7.6O
6.97
6.9O
9.32
5.44
4.39
4.51
3.98
5.60
6.89
16.72
16. OO
9.54
8. 12
13. OS
10.41
12.24
7.85
8.89
4.64
(mpg)
8.5
3.8
5.9
7.7
5. 1
5.9
4.2
3.6
4 .8
4 .7
4 . 1
3.7
2.9
3.4
3.8
3.8

5.2
4.7
3.4
5.4
4.8
6. 1
8.3
9.3
8.9
5.6
4.6
6.2
4.3
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.O
3.8
3.6


TOTAL
DIST.
(ml)
0
O
0
O.
0.
0
O
0.
O.
0
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.

O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
.313
.272
.252
221
228
224
195
229
262
240
235
203
199
199
198
2OO

186
166
172
195
180
193
19O
2OO
183
178
159
175
187
17O
164
169
172
175
169
187
177

ACCELS
PER
TEST
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
6

6
6
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

-------
Table A4 (Continued)
Measured Test Results -- Accelerations from 0 to
VEHICLE
Pinto





Impa 1 a








F Ireblrd





Rabbit




Saab




Volvo





TEST
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
DYNO
CLPD
?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes



--EMISSICH
HC C(
O
0
1
1
1
1
1
17
1 1
12
1 1
12
22
15
12
15

7
9
1O1
1
23
13
3
12
5
8
5
4
1
2
2.
2
O.
O.
1 .
O
2.
.54
.95
.31
.88
.71
.26
.99
.01
.oa
.52
82
.08
.29
.63
. 13
.88

.67
. 19
.22
.94
.48
. 12
.41
.32
.82
.47
.55
.72
65
22
57
.91
61
97
86
94
26
7
55
78
94
76
50
126
64
1 1O
80
85
144.
628
3O1
142
3O9

150
189
725
249.
415.
20.
1O
17.
15.
30.
1OO.
136.
1 17.
96.
94.
66.
3.
13.
29.
5.
40.
} - 3O at 5 mph/sec
JS (g/ml)--
F .E .
1 NOx (mpg)
.88
.89
.21
25
.86
58
68
37
28
,3O
05
81
47
37
51
74

20
74
04
72
44
10
23
19
83
10
66
92
26
41
21
34
88
44
85
74
78
2.74
4.80
5.31
8.97
B.51
5.99
7 .01
37 .90
3O. 34
29.73
25. 17
30.93
36.84
36.88
36.27
36. 16

9.07
14.OO
1 .62
1O. 24
13.5O
5.56
2 .60
1 .85
3.96
6.23
8.44
1 1 .79
27.54
12.00
9.36
2O. 52
8.27
1 1 .08
5.55
4 .66
1O. 50
8.O
4 6
4 1
5.3
3.6
43
3. 1
4 .0
3 .9
3.8
4 . 2
3.5
1 9
2.6
35
2.5

36
32
2.7
38
2.6
6.3
12 9
7.8
8.4
4.9
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.9
3.O
4 .7
4 .5
3.0
3. 1
2.8


TOTAL
DIST.
(ml)
0.
0.
O.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.

O.
0.
O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
0.
0.
O.
0.
0.
O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
328
252
268
206
2O5
182
169
184
250
250
242
215
168
188
199
190

172
145
192
187
149
268
246
215
202
175
141
16O
157
167
192
165
193
194
156
168
157

ACCELS
PER
TEST
1O
9
9
7
7
7
6
6
9
9
9
8
6
7
7
7

7
6
6
7
5
7
7
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5

30

MPH (Continued)

--EMISSIOI
HC C(


1

O
3




17
18
17
14
27

15
56
103
8
62





0
4.
3.
3.
6.
2.
O.
O.
1 .
1 .
2.


.95

.97
.87




.50
.87
.52
.47
.31

.99
.47
.91
98
01





83
4O
63
58
73
25
88
86
59
42
51


99

49
157




391
364
455
281
895

314
511
602
313
641





71
86
79.
92
39.
56.
a.
13.
16.
19.
38.
D - 30 at 6 mph/sec
vlS (g/mt)--
F.E.
D NOx (mpg)


.69

.30
.72




.01
. 14
. 13
.89
.99

. 14
.76
. 19
73
.45





62
.87
62
86
45
25
78
35
82
37
99


6

3
6




32
36
32
39
38

1O
5
O
7
7





8
1 1 .
17.
12.
11 .
19.
8.
1O.
7.
6.
10.


.46

.49
.84



t
.66
.68
.24
.31
.32

.35
.80
.58
56
.84





52
50
53
O2
55
36
38
BO
51
85
31


6. 1

6.5
3. 1




2.4
2.2
2.3
2.7
1 .5

3.5
2.8
3.2
4.0
2.3





3.2
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.3
3.O
4.6
5. 1
2.9
3.8
2.9


TOTAL
DIST.
(ml)


0

0
O




O.
0
O
O
O

O
0
0.
O.
0.





0.
O.
0.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
0.


.217

.268
. 149




211
207
205
. 179
. 163

185
158
245
212
159





173
173
158
16O
161
166
189
218
169
200
19O

ACCELS
PER
TEST


a

8
7




9
9
9
a
8

8
7
8
8
5





8
7
7
6
7
7
6
7
7
6
6
 I
U)
o

-------










Measured Test Results -

VEHICLE
Pinto






Impa 1 a








Firebird





Saab




Vol vo





TEST
It

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
DYNO
CLPD
?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes


--EMISSKN
HC
O.23
O.63
0.84

1. IB
0.47
O.43
6.96
6.49
6.B4
7.58
8.07
5. 18
9.31
7.20
7.7O

3.74
17 . 1O
16.38
12.25
2.93
O.49
O.30
O. 17
O.3O
O.51
O.65
O.39
O.32
0.51
O.52
O.51
3O - 6O
JS (g/mi:
CO
27
33
24

42
31
3O
7
5
3
4
266
209
372
267
3O3

200
2O7.
5O9
193
333.
27.
32.
30.
5
28.
7.
2.
3.
3
5.
5.
2O
.22
. 16

15
.93
9O
. 12
O8
42
. 12
28
.95
43
46
87

29
63
15
74
78
91
22
6O
67
01
86
60
21
45
23
24
mph
)--
NOx
2
1
1

2
1
1
7
6
6
8
9
7
10
a
9

2
1
1
)
2
3
6
7
2
5.
3
2.
1 .
3
2.
2.
.09
.26
.35

.38
.65
.42
. 33
.77
.09
.21
.29
.22
.56
.50
.71

.27
45
84
35
21
49
91
67
39
57
19
79
33
O2
85
15
at 3 raph/s<
TC
F .E . 01
(mpg)
13.0
11.1
12.0

7.3
12.5
12.3
9.8
10.8
10 8
9.5
5 1
6.9
4.5
5.7
5.2

8.0
8.8
5.4
9. 2
6. 1
7.8
6.0
6.6
11 .6
6.0
7. 1
96
9.9
8.2
a. s
8.2
Table
A5


-- Accelerations from 3O

)TAL
1ST.
(ml)
O.
0.
O

0.
O
0.
O
0.
O.
O.
O
O.
0.
O.
O.

0.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
0.
O.
0.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
882
794
.993

550
751
714
.818
805
712
685
722
817
549
534
536

532
684
579
618
445
5O9
524
501
868
510
537
581
653
526
615
636

ACCELS
PER
TEST
5
4
5

3
4
4
6
5
5
5
5
6
4
4
4

4
5
4
4
3
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4








to 6O MPH
******** 3O - 60 at 4
--EMISSIONS (g/ml)--
HC
O
O


O
0
O
7
8
6
9
9
7
9
8.
8

14
13.
34.
17
1O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
0.
0.
O.
0.
O.
.43
.66


.92
.59
68
.58
30
67
.71
53
.60
.99
, 18
.56

73
17
45
57
76
38
67
7O
46
52
45
34
32
43
39
38
CO
30
23


30
27
26
1
O
8
0
388
347
469
353
381

428
528.
47O
280
50O.
1 1
23.
12.
5.
6.
4 .
2 .
1 .
4 .
3.
2.
.20
.73


.78
.74
75
.62
89
58
.0
58
.29
75
59
.59

.23
26
74
23
54
82
39
77
78
64
47
43
63
80
53
68
NOx
1
1


1
1
1
6
5
4
6
6
4
6
8
11

1
3
2
O
2
4
4.
5
2
3
2
1 .
2
2.
1 .
1 .
.38 .
. 15


.64
.35
.33
. 10
.88
. 16
.49
.37
.95
.77
.56
.72

.38
.41
.34
.50
.87
. 13
53
51
.73
77
.70
87
O5
14
73
66
mph/sec *
Tl
F.E. D
(mpg)
12.6
11.4


9.7
13. 0
12.2
1 t .8
11.4
11.5
11.0
4 .7
5.3
4.3
4.7
4.2

6.5
5.0
5.8
8.2
5. 1
7.4
8.8
7.7
9.9
6.8
9.3
1O. 7
1O. 2
1O. 1
1O. 6
1O. 7

OTAL
1ST.
(ml)
1
O


0
O
O
O
0
O
0
O
O
0
O
O

O
0
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
O
O
O
.059
.829


.715
.910
.884
.712
.863
.714
.680
.707
.865
.664
.630
.625

.762
.539
.727
.621
.412
.512
.633
.533
.750
.556
.651
.681
.642
.644
.771
.781

ACCELS
PER
TEST
8
4


4
5
5
6
7
6
6
6
8
6
6
6

6
5
6
4
3
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

-------
Table
Measured Test

VEHICLE
Ptnto






Impa 1 a








Firebird





Saab




Volvo





TEST
H

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
\
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
DYNO
CLPD
7
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes



--EMISSKM
HC
0






a
8

a
10
1 1
10
a
1 1






1
o
1
1
1






.79






.28
.69

.88
.09
.02
.34
.86
.25






.50
.69
. 15
.01
.40






Resul ts --
JO - 6O at 5
JS (g/mi)--
CO
37.






0.
O

0
431
528
5O1
444 .
553






4.
4.
6.
5.
3.






10






.0
.24

O
.57
86
58
,OO
67






38
00
71
71
73






NOx
1






5
5

5
6
9
8
8
8






2
1
2
2
2






.40






.00
.67

.78
6
.01
.38
. 10
.91






.24
.35
53
21
.42






mph/sec
f .E .
(ropg)
10






13
1 1

12
4
3
4
4
3






8
13
8
1 1
10






9






.9
1

3
.5
.6
.0
3
6






a
. 1
7
7
.0






AS (Continued)
Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH (Continued)


TOTAL
DIST.
(ml)
0






0
0

0
0
O
0
0
O






0
0
0
0
0






. 9O8






.845
.794

.845
.716
.570
.682
.617
.639






.599
.800
555
.864
.688







ACCELS
PER
TEST
7






8
7

a
7
6
7
7
7






6
8
5
6
6







--EMISSIONS (g/rol)-- TOTAL ACCELS
F.E. OIST. PER
HC CO NOx (mpg) (ml) TEST











7.76 342.02 6.86 5.3 O.82O 8
9.71 440.32 7.42 4.3 O.764 8
11.O3 553.46 9.85 3.5 0.566 6
8.59 422.92 7.41 4.6 0 . 7OO 8
3.O8 495.85 8.82 4.O O.695 8






1.81 2.65 1.10 11.8 0.733 7

1









-------
                             -33-
                        Appendix B
Fuel Consumed and Total Emissions during Acceleration Cycles
(Calculated from data in Appendix A)

-------
                                                              Table B1


                                     Calculated Test Results --  Wide Open Throttle Accelerations
VEHICLE
Pinto
Impa1 a
F Ireblrd
Rabbit
Saab
Volvo
TEST
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
Dyno
Clpd
?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
-- Total Emissions -- Fuel
HC CO NOx Used
(a)
O.O25
0.026
O.049
0.027
O.039
0.024
O.018
O.511
0.541
O.442

4.057
3.882
3.352
3.36O
3.686
O. 132
0.265
O.25O
O. 171
O.256
O.OO7
O.OO4
O.OO7
0.820
O.029
0.040
0.017
O.OI5
0.014
O.O24
O.021
(g)
2.352
2.617
3.397
2. 158
3.485
1 .593
1 .458
O.382
0.495
O.448

24 .227
18.719
22.052
23.022
24 .438
O. 424
0.355
0.374
O.344
0.351
2.571
3. 137
2.454
2.891
3.024
O. 131
0. 125
O.O87
0.125
O. 189
O. 133
(g)
O.O67
O.097
O. 109
O. 141
0. 109
O.O32
0.021
0. 151
O. 167
O. 139

O.016
O.O23
O.O15
0.016
O.O16
O. 144
0. 122
O. 126
O. 141
0. 116
0.034
O.O58
O. 143
0.085
O. 123
O.O92
O.088
O. 1O1
0.076
O. 125
0. 1 13
(gal.)
0.0043
O.O061
O.O062
O . OO4O
O.OO64
O.OO25
O.OO23
0 . OO57
0 . 0058
O.O052

0.01 15
O.O1 1O
O.O1O2
0 . 0097
O.0105
O.OO4O
0 . 0036
O . OO36
O.0034
0 . 0032
0.0036
O . OO4 1
O.OO57
O.O053
O.OO53
0 . 0040
0 . 0052
O.OO5O
0.0045
O.OO63
0 . OO54
Total
Dtst .
(ml le)
0
0
0
O
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
0
O
0
O
O
020
028
O2 7
O27
025
009
Oil
O19
O19
O18

O30
O3O
032
032
O33
O38
035
O34
O39
O32
018
O2O
O19
021
O2 1
021
027
O29
025
O2 5
025
-- Total Emissions -- Fuel
HC CO NOx Used
(g)
O
0
O
O
0
0
0
1
1
1

8
7
7
1O
7





0
O
O
2
O
205
315
238
223
240
232
188
599
528
368

494
871
112
347
633
315
623
567
494
602
119
186
184
374
127
O.O34
0
0
0
O
0
119
O75
129
164
121
(g)
6
10
9
1O
9
10
10
0
O
O

87
92
93
95
84
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
\
5
2
1
0
1
2
1
241
472
581
273
854
422
474
O88
149
318

878
858
276
439
802
787
688
593
423
775
17O
857
273
368
296
357
629
733
866
OO7
420
(g)
O.328
0.427
0.493
0.583
O.554
0.525
0.479
0.9O9
0.9O5
0.851

0.228
0.246
O. 1 19
O. 176
0.221
O.625
0.538
0.563
O.539
0.546
0.399
O.49S
0.454
0.495
O. 151
0.798
0.692
O.446
0.738
O.79O
0.794
(gal .)
O.O172
0.0266
O.O256
O.O15B
0.0257
O.O271
O.O254
O.0168
O.O167
0.016O

O.O397
O.O399
0.0383
O.O428
O.O367
O.O187
0.0183
O.0177
O.0166
O.0181
O.0180
O.O189
O.O196
0.0248
O . OO90
0.0208
0.0212
0.0212
0 . 0208
O.O271
O.0256
Total
01st.
(mile)
O. 143
O.213
0.218
O. 189
0. 198
0.246
0.224
0. 1 19
O. 120
0. 110

0. 147
O. 152
O. 18O
O. 171
O. 165
O. 25O
O.258
O.246
O.258
0.248
0. 130
O. 15O
0. 128
O. 159
O. 126
O. 142
0. 153
O. 152
0. 144
O. 165
0. 169
                                                                                                                       I
                                                                                                                       U)

-------
                                              Table B2
                      Calculated Test Results --  Accelerations from 0 to  3O MPH
      ********
                O - 30 P 3 mph/sec  *******
Oyno  -- Total Emissions --   Fuel    Total
VEHICLE

Pinto






Impal a








F Ireblrd





Rabbi t




Saab




Vol vo





TEST
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
e
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
,
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
Clpd
7
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
\

_
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
O
1
0
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
0
O
O
0
0
O
O
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
0
O
O
1C
(a)
01 1
028
O14
035
O95
O96
O61
4O5
326
455
493
494
6O7
5O7
510
476

054
030
363
O14
O2 1
7OO
47O
472
286
276
O13
O25
O34
O13
O14
O45
O58
O48
O32
047
026
(

_
O
0
o
0
1
1
o
2
3
3
3
4
8
5
4
4

6
o
1
0
o
1
0
0
o
0
o
4
0
0
O
1
2
1
0
1
0
:o
[g)
18O
448
223
287
966
134
885
876
689
893
855
O29
7O6
772
365
O31

796
126
77O
240
183
895
58O
626
58 1
649
588
738
937
626
925
218
O43
748
913
130
171
t
_J
0
0
0
0
0
0
0







1
1

0
0
0
0
O
0
0
O
O
0
O
0
0
0
o
o
0.
o
o
0
0
JOx
jjL.
1O9
133
158
199
217
183
193
O35
225
334
287
1 1 1
381
273
334
428

1 10
1 12
26O
1 14
169
638
2 15
229
21 1
226
276
388
43O
374
219
36O
418
385
268
381
234
1
ii
O
O
O
o
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
o

o
0
0
0
o
o
0
o
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
o
0
o
0
0
0
Jsed
sal . )
.OO54
0068
OO77
.OO55
.OO88
OO73
0080
0075
O1O9
OO98
OO95
OO97
O133
01O8
O1O1
OIO5

OO69
0061
OO76
0059
OO71
O164
0053
OO51
OO47
0053
OO63
OO71
OO78
0085
OO88
0076
OO79.
0078
0078
0090
0089
Dlst.
(ml le
0.051
O.054
O.O49
0.051
O.O49
O.O4B
O.046
O.O43
0.047
O.O47
O.O47
O.O48
O.O45
O.045
0.046
O.O45

O.047
O.O45
O.O46
O.O50
O.O45
O.O88
O.046
O.O47
O.O43
0.045
O.O43
O.O42
O.O44
O.O41
O.O43
0.043
0.046
O.044
O.O45
0.047
O.046
********  o - 3O e 4 mph/sec  *******
-- Total Emissions --   Fuel    Total
 HC      CO      NOx    Used    Dlst.
 (a)     (g)     (g)   (gai.)    (mile)

O.O26   O.273   O.095  O.OO46    O.O39
O
O
0
O
O
0
O
O
0
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
0
o
o
0
0
o
0
o
o
o
0
0
0
o
o
0
0
0
.040
.031
.033
.045
.074
.031
.593
.377
.370
382
.388
.468
.423
.373
.360
.032
.022
.553
.015
.012
.520
.413
. 131
.216
.272
.027
.024
.015
.050
.045
.044
.043
.049
.032
.051
.058
1
O
0
1
1
1
3
3
2
3
2
6
7
2
2
1
O
1 1
1
1
0
0
0
o
0
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
053
586
981
464
566
646
767
156
725
782
209
489
216
8O9
229
568
463
329
212
365
836
562
548
513
839
187
89O
969
079
693
309
253
448
655
943
887
O
O
0
O
0
0









O
O
O
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
O
o
o
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
o
296
181
222
215
168
182
476
019
280
005
173
184
027
25O
215
20 1
210
24O
224
336
21O
167
180
146
199
219
488
499
324
266
441
358
428
265
332
164
•o
O
O
0
0
0
O
O
0
O
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
0
o
0
0
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
01O2
0071
O048
OO75
O063
0077
01O6
0078
0085
OO82
0091
O1 14
OO98
0087
O088
O06O
0059
O1O1
OO60
0075
OO63
O046
OO43
0041
OO64
OO69
O047
OO72
0087
OO86
OO85
OO80
OO78
OO85
0098
OO98
O
0
0
O
O
0
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
o
o
0
o
o
0
o
o
0
o
O39
042
037
. O38
O37
O32
O38
O37
O4O
034
O34
O33
O33
O33
O33
O31
02 a
O34
032
036
O39
038
O4O
O37
O36
O32
O29
O31
O34
O33
O34
O34
O35
O34
O37
O35
                                                                                                         I
                                                                                                         U)

-------
                                                       Table B2 (Continued)
                               Calculated Test Results -- Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH (Continued)
VEHICLE
Pinto
Impal a
Firebird
Rabbt t
Saab
Volvo
TEST
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
Dyno
Clpd
7
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
-- Total Emissions -- Fuel
HC CO NOx Used
(g)
O
0
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
o
o
0
o
o
0
0

o
o
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
o
0
0
0.
o
0.
o
0.
o.
.018
.027
.039
.055
.050
.033
.056
.522
.308
.348
. 318
.325
.624
.420
.345
.431

. 188
.222
.239
.052
.700
.502
. 120
.441
. 196
247
. 130
1O8
O43
O62
O82
O8O
O20
O31
048
O32
071
(g)
0
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
3
2
2
3
17
8
4
a

3
4
23
6
12
O
O
O.
0
O
2
3.
3
2
3.
t .
0
O.
O
0
1 .
.258
.565
.329
.774
.251
.315
.568
.974
.063
.231
.287
.892
.597
.094
.051
.407

.691
.585
.201
.671
.380
.770
.360
616
533
878
.366
13O
068
683
015
824
125
435
776
193
28O
(g)
0
O
o
o
o
0
o
1
o
0
o
0
t
o
1
0

o.
o.
o.
o
0.
o.
0.
o.
o.
o.
0.
o.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
.090
. 134
. 158
.264
249
. 156
. 197
162
843
826
677
831
.032
990
031
981

223
338
052
274
402
213
091
O66
133
182
198
269
721
334
30O
564
266
358
144
157
33O
(gal.)
0
0
0
o
o
0
0
0
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0

0
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
o
o.
o
o.
0.
0
o.
.0041
.OO61
.O073
.OO56
.OO81
.O060
.0091
.0077
.O071
.O073
.OO64
.OO77
.0147
.O103
.0081
.O109

. OO68
.O076
.01 19
.OO7O
.0115
.OO61
.OO27
.OO46
.OO40
.OO6O
.OO81
OO95
.O105
O1 1 1
O1 1O
OO92
O068
OO72
0087
0108
01 12
Total
01st.
(mile)
0
0
0
0
O
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
O
0
0
0

0.
0
0
o
0
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
o.
0.
o.
o.
o.
0.
0.
0.
.033
.028
.030
.029
.029
.026
.028
.031
.028
O28
.027
.027
.028
O27
.028
.027

O25
O24
.032
027
O3O
O38
035
O36
.034
O29
O23
O23
O26
O28
O32
O28
O32
O32
026
O34
O31
                                                                  O.O18
                                                                  0. 109
                                                                  O.O82
                                                                  O.O95
                                                                  O. 155

                                                                  O.O53
                                                                  0.028
                                                                  O.O27
                                                                  O.O38
                                                                  O.O47
                                                                  O.O79
,****,,*  O - 30 e 6 mph/sec
-- Total Emissions --   Fuel
 HC      CO      NOx    Used
 (g)     (g)     (g)   (gal.
                                                                  O.O53   2.704   0.175  O.OO44   O.O27
0.
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
3.
O.
1 .
O32
082
41O
434
399
324
556
370
275
182
238
972
1
3
9
8
10
6
18
7.
11
18
8
2O
.652
.357
. 167
.375
367
.307
.256
264
551
.442
314
.398
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 117
. 146
.766
.844
734
880
.781
0.239
O
O
0
0
131
O18
2OO
249
0
O
0
0
O
0
0
O.
0
0
O
O
.OO52
OO69
.0098
.O105
OO99
OO83
.O136
O066
OO81
OO96
OO66
O138
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
O
O
O
O
O
.034
.021
.023
.023
.023
.022
.020
.023
.023
.031
.027
.032
        1 .549
        2. 147
        1 .797
        2.476
        O.907

        1 .334
        0.277
        O.416
        0.406
        0.646
        1 .235
                                                                                  0. 184
                                                                                  0.284
                                                                                  0.396
                                                                                  0.321
                                                                                  O.266
                                                                                  O.459
                                                                                  0.264
                                                                                  O.336
                                                                                  0. 181
                                                                                  0.228
                                                                                  0.326
0.0068
O.OO92
O.OO90
O.O1O7
O.O1OO

O.OO79
O.O068
O.OO61
O.OO83
o.ooaa
O.O1O9
O.O22
O.O25
0.023
O.027
O.O23

O.O24
0.032
O.031
O.O24
O.O33
O.O32
                                                                                                                        I
                                                                                                                        to

-------
                        Table B3


Calculated Test Results -- Accelerations from 30 to 6O MPH
VEHICLE

P Into






I mpa 1 a








f 1 reblrd





Rabbi t




Saab




Volvo





TEST
It
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
Dyno
Clpd
-- Total Emissions -- Fuel
HC CO NOx Used
? (g)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
0
0
O

O
0
0
0
\
0
1
1
o
1
o
1

0
2
2
1
O





0
O
O
0
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
041
125
167

216
OB 8
O77
949
045
974
O38
165
7O5
278
961
O32

497
339
371
893
435





O62
O39
O2 1
052
O65
087
057
052
O67
080
O81
(g)
4
6
4

7
5
5
O
0
0
0
38
28
51
35
4O

26
28
73
29
49





3
4
3
0
3
1
0
0
o
0
0
798
594
798

727
995
516
97 1
818
487
564
451
588
1 16
7O6
719

639
404
699
933
51 1





552
221
833
984
571
O55
378
524
454
804
833
(g)
0
0
0

o
0
0
0
1
0


0




0
0
0
0
o





0
0
o
0
o
o
0
0
o
0
0
369
25O
268

436
310
253
999
O9O
867
125
341
983
449
135
3O1

302
198
266
209
328





444
905
961
415
7 1O
428
405
217
397
438
342
(gal.)
O
o
0

o
o
0
0
o
0
o
o
o
o
0
0

o
o
o
o
o





o
0
o
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
O1 36
0179
0165

O251
0150
0145
0139
0149
0132
O144
0283
0197
0305
0234
0258

O166
0155
O268
0168
0243





O163
O2 18
O19O
0150
O2 12
O189
O151
O165
O16O
0181
O194
Total
01st.
(mile)
0. 176
0. 198
0. 199

0. 183
0. 188
0. 178
0. 136
0. 161
0. 142
0. 137
O. 144
0. 136
0. 137
O. 133
O. 134

0. 133
0. 137
0. 145
0. 154
0. 148





0. 127
0. 131
O. 125
0. 174
O. 127
O. 134
O. 145
0. 163
0. 132
0. 154
0. 159
-- Total Emissions -- Fuel
HC CO NOx Used
(9)
O.
O.
0.
0.
o.
o.
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
o.
0.
1 .
1 .
4.
2.
1 .
O57
137
164
1O7
12O
899
O23
794
1OO
123
822
106
859
892
871
4 2O
174
728
478
(9)
3
4
5
5,
4.
O
0.
1
0
45.
37 .
51
37
39.
54.
56.
57.
43.
68.
998
.918
5O2
049
729
192
11O
021
O
788
551
986
127
749
385
946
O38
506
741
(g) (gal . )
O.
O,
0
183
,238
293
0.246
0
0
O.
0.
O
0.
o.
0
0
1 .
o.
o.
o.
0.
o.
235
724
725
495
736
751
535
749
899
221
175
368
284
078
394
O
O
O
O.
O
O
O.
0
O
O.
O
0
0
0.
O.
0.
O.
0
o.
O1O5
O182
0184
O140
O145
O1O1
O1O8
O103
O1O3
O251
O204
0257
O223
O248
O195
O2 16
O2O9
O189
0269
Total
01st .
(mile)
O.
O.
0.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
O.
0.
o.
132
207
179
182
177
1 19
123
119
1 13
1 18
1O8
1 1 1
105
1O4
127
1O8
121
.155
137
                                                                                   I
                                                                                  u>
0
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
.039
.071
.075
.069
.058
.059
.046
.041
.055
.060
.059
1 .
2
1 .
0.
O.
0.
O.
0.
0.
0.
O.
210
468
361
867
.738
582
331
209
618
544
419
O
0
O.
0.
O.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
423
478
587
409
419
352
255
263
276
267
259
O
O
O.
0
O
0.
O.
O.
0.
0.
O.
O1 38
.O12O
O1 38
0152
O164
O14O
O127
O126
0128
O145
O146
0.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
O.
0.
O.
O.
O.
1O2
105
1O7
150
1 1 1
13O
136
128
129
154
156

-------
Table B3 (Continued)
Calculated Test Results -- Accelerations from 3O to 6O MPH (Continued)
VEHICLE

Pinto






I rnpa 1 a








F Irebird





Rabbt t




Saab




Volvo





TEST
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6

Dyno -- Total Emlss
Clpd HC CO
' (a) (a)
Yes 0.102 4.812
Ves
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes O.875 O.O
Yes 0.986 O.O27
Yes
Yes O.938 O.O
Yes 1 .032 44 . 143
Yes 1 .047 5O. 242
Yes 1.007 48 868
No O.869 39. 135
No 1.027 50.542
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No O. 15O 0.437
No O.O69 O.4OO
No 0. 128 O.745
Yes O. 145 O.822
Yes O. 161 0.428
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
50 P 5 mph/sec «»*****
Ions -- Fuel Total
NOx Used Dlst.
(a) (qal.)
0.182 0.0119






O.528 O.OO76
0.643 O.O1O2

0.611 O.O086
0.675 0.0227
O.856 O.O2G4
O.B16 0.0244
0.714 O.O2O5
0.813 O.O254











0.224 O.O113
O. 135 O.OO76
O.281 O.O128
O.318 O.0123
0.277 O.0115






(mile)
O. ISO






O. 1O6
O. 113

O. 1O6
O. 102
0.095
O.O97
O.O88
O.O91











0. 10O
0. 100
O. 1 1 1
0. 144
0.115







-- Total Emissions -- Fuel Total
HC CO NOx Used Dlst.
(g) (a) (g) (gal . ) (mile)











0.795 35.057 0.7O3 O.O193 0.1O2
0,927 42.O51 0 . 7O9 O.O222 O.O95
1.040 52.210 0.929 O.0270 O.O94
O.752 37.OO5 0.648 O.O19O O.O87
0.268 43.O77 0.766 O.0217 O.O87











0.19O 0.277 0.115 O.OO89 O.1O5










                                                                    I
                                                                    OJ
                                                                    00
                                                                    I

-------
                             -39-
                        Appendix C
Opacity, Sulfate, and Total Particulate Test Data

-------


-40-
Table C1
Opacity (smoke) Tes
VW Rabbit Diese
****** Coupled ***
Test Type Test Test Test
#3 #4 #5
0-30 9
0-30 9
0-30 @
0-30 »
0-60 0
Opaque


**
VEHICLE SO
Pinto 14
Impala 8
F.Bird 5
Rabbit 8
Saab 2
Volvo 2
3 mph/sec
4 mph/sec
5 mph/sec
WOT
WOT
28 26 32
28 27 35
33 31 39
38 33 41
43 41 46
t Data
1
eter Ro
***
Avg
29
30
34
37
43
IT—— —

Hers 	
** Uncoupled **
Test Test Avg
#1 #2
30 27
33 30
33 35
35 42
44 44
29
32
34
39
44
- 100% of scale.
Sulfate

	 Coupled
4 TP
.5 25.5
.9 62.0
.8 13.2
.7 570.0
.3 3'. 6
.4 3.7
Table C2
(S04) and Total
Exhaust Emissions
Rollers 	
^Unclipped,,
S04 TP
10.0 19.6
8.6 68.0
3.9 10.3
9.7 620.0
2.4 3.0
2.3 5.7
Particulate (TP)
(mg/mi
***Clip
so4
8.8
9.1
2.2
8.9
2.7
-
)
Uncoupled
TP
21 .0
87.0
5.6
600.0
5.0
-

..Unclipped^
S04 TP
3.4 15.6
8.4 103.0
3.9 8.4
8.1 540.0
3.3 5.3
-

-------


Effect U%f) of Higher
of Sulfate (S04)
	 Uncoup 1 ed
VEHICLE A% S04
Pinto
Impala
F.Bird
Rabbit
Saab
Volvo
Effect
VEHICLE
Pinto
Impala
F.Bird
Rabbit
Saab
t A* - Ur
-61.4%
-7.7%
77 . 3%
-9.0%
22 . 2%
—
(A%*) of Coupling
of Sulfate (S04)
--- Clipped FTP
A% S04
64.8%
-2.2%
163.4%
-2.2%
-14.8%
ic 1 i pped - C 1 i oped
-41-
Table C3


Acceleration Rates on FTP
and Total Particulate (TP
A%TP
-25.7%
18.4%
50 . 0%
-10. 0%
6.0%
•
Table C4
Dynamometer
and Total
A%TP
21.4%
-28.7%
1 35 . 7%
-5.0%
-28.0%
* 1 nn t
^u
A% S04
-31.0%
-3.4%
-32.8%
11.5%
4.3%
-4.2%

Emissions
)
A% TP
-23. 1%
9.7%
-22.0%
8.8%
-16.7%
54. 1%
Rollers on FTP Emissions
Particulate (TP)
-- Undipped FTP --
A% S04
194.1%
2.4%
0.0%
19.8%
-27.3%
.o/ _ Coupled -
% TP
25 . 6%
-34.0%
22 . 6%
14.8%
-43.4%
Uncoupled
Clipped
Uncoupled        1°°

-------
                        Appendix D
Statistical Analyses of Emissions and Fuel Economy data (from
Appendices A and B)
Tables Dl through D6 are based on the FTP data in Tables Al and A2
of Appendix A.

Tables D7 through D18 are based on the emissions data in Tables Bl
through B3 of Appendix B.

Tables D19 through D30 are based on the fuel economy and grams per
mile emissions data in Tables A3 through A5 of Appendix A.

-------
                                        -43-
                                     Table D1
                                    FTP Cycles
                                    Ford Pinto
           'Clipped'
Variable
                   N
HC (grams/ml)      2
CO (grams/mi )      2
NOx (grams/mi )     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
FTP Cycle,
Minimum
.346
4.79
.69
13.0
without Dynamometer Roll
Maximum Mean
.365
5.32
.71
14.2
.35550
5.0550
. 70000
1 3 . 600
Coupler Installed
Std Day C.O.V
.013435
.37477
.014142
.84853
3.77
7.41
2.02
6.24
Variable
           'Clipped' FTP Cycle,

                   N   Minimum
                     with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
                                  Maximum
                                               Mean
                                                Std Dev
                                                                          C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi ) 5
CO (grams/mi ) 5
NOx (grams/mi) 5
Fuel Economy (mpg) 5
'Uncl ipped'
Variable N
HC (grams/mi ) 2
CO (grams/mi ) 2
NOx (grams/mi ) 2
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2
.389
5.99
.69
16.7
FTP Cycle,
Minimum
.328
5.20
.68
13.0
.425 .40475
6.93 6.4625
.76 .73000
17.3 17.100
without Dynamometer Roll
Maximum Mean
.337 .33250
5.23 5.2150
.69 .68500
13.1 13. 050
.015370
.41548
.031623
.28284
Coupler
Std Oev
.00636
. 02 1 2 1
. 00707
.07071 1
3.80
6.43
4.33
1 .65
Installed
C.O.V
1 .91
0.41
1 .03
0.54
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
 'Undipped'  FTP  Cycle.

	    N    Minimum
                                  with Dynamometer Roll  Coupler Installed
                                  Maximum      Mean        Std Dev
                                                                          C.O.V.
.404
6.85
.72
16.7
.470
7. 15
.73
16.9
.43700
7 . 0000
.72500
1 6 . 800
.046669
.21213
.00707
. 14142
10.68
3.03
0.98
0.84

-------
                                         -44-
Varlable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/ml)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
                          Table D2

                         FTP Cycles

                      Chevrolet Impala

'Clipped' FTP Cycle,  without Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
	   N   Minimum    Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.O.V.
                                   4.4975
                                  37.610
                                   5.8500
                                  14.400
                         .17183
                        2.4183
                        1.06066
                         .14142
Variable
'Clipped' FTP Cycle,  with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
	   N   Minimum    Maximum      Mean        Std Dev
                                                                          C.O.V.
HC (grams/ml)      6    4.293
CO (grams/mi)      6   42.79
NOx (grams/mi)     6    4.42
Fuel Economy (mpg) 6   13.3
                        4.905
                       49.48
                        4.93
                       14.5
            4.6803
           44.458
            4.7517
           14.O67
 .22684
2.54063
 .185733
 .42740
Variable
'Undipped' FTP Cycle,
	   N   Mini mum
without Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
Maximum      Mean        Std Dev	     C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi)      2    4.411
CO (grams/mi)      2   34.11
NOx (grams/mi)     2    4.60
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2   14.3
                        4.971
                       35.68
                        5.28
                       14.6
            4.6910
           34.895
            4.9400
           14.450
 .39598
1.1102
 .48083
 .21213
Variable
'Undipped' FTP Cycle,
 	   N   Minimum
                                  with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
                                  Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi)      3    4.042
CO (grams/mi)      3   42.60
NOx (grams/mi)     3    4.59
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 3   13.9
                                   4.5963
                                  44.537
                                   4.7933
                                  14.067
                         .48628
                        1.6922
                         .18448
                         .20817

-------
                                        -45-

                                     Table D3

                                    FTP Cycles

                                 Pont i ac F i rebi rd

           'Clipped' FTP Cycle,  without Dynamometer Roll  Coupler Installed
Var iable
                   N
                       Mini mum
                                  Maximum
                                               Mean
                                                           Std Dev
                                                                          C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi)      4
CO (grams/mi)      4
NOx (grams/mi)     4
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 4
.253
3.56
.51
10.7
.357
4.23
.63
11.1
.29400
3.8425
. 57000
10.850
.044796
.32428
.058878
. 17321
15.24
8.44
10.33
1 .60
Variable
 'Clipped' FTP Cycle,

	   N   Minimum
                                with Dynamometer Roll  Coupler Installed
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
                                  Maximum
                                               Mean
                                                           Std Dev
                                                                          C.O.V.
.766
7 . 44
.59
12.9
.790
8. 16
.SO
13. 1
.77800
7 . 80OO
. 59500
13.000
.016971
. 509 1 1
. 00707 1 1
. 14142
2. 18
6.53
1 . 19
1 .09
           'Undipped'  FTP Cycle, without Dynamometer Roll  Coupler Installed
Variable
                   N
                       Minimum
                                  Maximum
                                               Mean
                                                           Std Dev
                                                                          C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
.270
3.78
.52
10.9
.283
4. 16
.55
1 1 .0
.27650
3.97OO
. 53500
10.95O
.0091921
.26870
.021313
.07071 1
3.32
6.77
3.97
0.6S
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
           'Undipped' FTP Cycle, with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed

                   N   Mini mum    Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.O.V.
.408
5.81
.64
13. O
.447
6.96
.64
13.4
.42750
6.3850
. 64000
1 3 . 200
.027577
.81317
. OOOOO
.28284
6.45
12.74
0.0
2. 14

-------
                                        -46-
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (gpams/rni)      2
NQx (gratns/ml)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
                           Table  04

                          FTP  Cycles

                      "Vtf  Diesel  RaOOit

 'Clipped'  FTP Cycle, without  Dynamometer Roll Coupler  Installed

	    N    Minimum    Maximum       Mean         Std Dev        C.O.V.
                                     .62700
                                    1.6900
                                    1.5100
                                   37.000
              .022627
              .00000
              .0141421
              .98995
Variable
 'Clipped'  FTP Cycle, with  Dynamometer Roll Coupler  Installed

	    N    Mini mum    Maximum       Mean         Std Dev
                3.61
                0.0
                0.94
                2.68
                                                                          C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi)      3     .379       .697       .51833      .16261
CO (grams/mi)      3    1.39       1.56       1.4733       .085049
NOx (grams/mi)     3    1.46       1.53       1.4950       .049497
Fuel Economy (mpg) 3   35.8       37.3       36.550       1.0607
Variable
 'Undipped'  FTP  Cycle, without  Dynamometer  Roll Coupler  Installed
	    N    Minimum    Maximum       Mean        Std  Dev         C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi)      2     .665        .797       .73100      .09334
CO (grams/mi)      2    1.40       1.92       1.6600       .36770
NOx (grams/mi)     2    1.58       1.61       1.5950       .021213
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2   35.6       38.4       37.000       1.9799
                                                                12.77
                                                                22.15
                                                                 1 .33
                                                                 5.35
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2
           'Undipped' FTP Cycle, with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed

                   N   Minimum    Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.O.V.
                          .717
                         1.71
                         1 .56
                        38.0
  .61150
 1.5550
 1.4950
37.40O
.14920
.21920
.091924
.84853

-------
                                        -47-
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi )     2
Fuel  Economy (rapg) 2
                          Table D5

                         FTP Cycles

                       Saab 900 Turbo

 'Clipped' FTP Cycle, without Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed

        N   Minimum    Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.0.v.
.277
2 .44
.89
18.3
.340
2.73
1.02
18.6
. 30850
2.5850
.95500
18.450
.044548
. 20506
.091924
.21213
                                                                14 .44
                                                                7.93
                                                                9.63
                                                                1. 15
Variable
           'Clipped' FTP Cycle, with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed

                   N   Mini mum    Max i mum      Mean        Std Dev
HC (grams/mi) 2
CO (grams/mi ) 2
NOx (grams/mi ) 2
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2
.328
3.11
1 .08
18.8
.403
3.29
1 . 12
18.8
.36550
3 . 2000
1 . 1000
18.8OO
.053033
. 12728
.028284
.OOOOO
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi )     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
 'undipped'  FTP  Cycle,
	    N    Minimum
                                  without Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
                                  Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.0.V.
.241
2.24
.95
17.9
.293
2.54
1 .00
18.5
. 26700
2 . 3900
.97500
18.2OO
.036770
.21213
.035355
.42426
Variable
HC (grams/mi)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
 'Undipped'  FTP  Cycle,

  	    N    Mini mum
                                                                13.77
                                                                8.88
                                                                3.63
                                                                2.33
                                  with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed

                                  Max i mum      Mean        Std Dev        C.0.V.
.285
2.74
.85
18. 1
.301
3.08
.96
19.0
. 29300
2.9100
. 9O500
18.550
.01 1314
• .24042
.077782
.63640

-------
                                        -48-
Variable
HC (grams/ml)      2
CO (grams/mi)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel  Economy (mpg) 2
                          Table D6

                          FTP Cycles

                          Volvo GL

 'Clipped'  FTP Cycle, without Dynamometer Roll Coupler  Installed

	   N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean        Std Dev        C.0.V.
.157
2.25
.70
19.3
. 179
2.46
.71
19.7
. 16800
2.3550
. 70500
19.500
.015556
. 14849
. 00707 1 1
.28284
Variable
HC (grams/ml)      2
CO (grams/ml)      2
NOx (grams/mi)     2
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2
           'Clipped' FTP Cycle, with Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed
                   N   Minimum    Maximum      Mean        Std Dev
. 196
2.91
.83
18.6
.268
3.63
.92
19.0
.23200
3 . 2700
.87500
18.800
. 0509 1 2
. 509 1 2
.063640
.28284
                                                               C.O.V.

                                                               21 .94
                                                               15.57
                                                                7.27
                                                                1 .50
Variable
 'Undipped'  FTP  Cycle,  without Dynamometer Roll Coupler Installed

         N    Minimum     Max 1 mum      Mean        Std Dev        C.Q_1V_.
HC (grams/mi) 2
CO (grams/ml ) 2
NOx (grams/ml) 2
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2
. 181
2.25
.73
18.9
. 195
2.79
.89
19.0
. 18800
2 . 5200
.81000
18.950
. 009899
.38184
. 1 1314
. O707 1 1
Variable
 'Undipped'  FTP  Cycle,  with  Dynamometer Roll Coupler  Installed

         N    M1 n1 mum     Maximum       Mean	      Std Dev        C.O.V.
HC (grams/ml ) 2
CO (grams/mi) 2
NOx (grams/mi) 2
Fuel Economy (mpg) 2
.201
3.00
.85
17.4
.208
3. 14
.86
19. 1
. 20450
3.0700
.85500
18.250
.O049501
.098995
. O0707 1 1
1 . 202 1
                                                                           2.42
                                                                           3.22
                                                                           0.83
                                                                           6.59

-------
                                        -49-

                                     Table 07

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll  Coupler

                                    ford Pinto
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
01st per Run (ml)  2
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
                   N   Min i mum     Maximum       Mean
.018092
1 .4576
.021000
.0023411
.OO86154
.023692
1 .5930
.031963
.0025339
.010769
.020892
1 .5253
.026482
.0024375
.0096923
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
2
2
2
2
2
. 18788
10.422
.47865
.025417
.22367
.23171
1.0.474
.52504
.027088
.24650
. 20979
10.448
.50185
.026252
.23508
Total HC  (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal)
01st per Run (mi)

           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grains)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi)  2
               .060914     .096480
               .88486     1 . 1338
               .18288      .19328
               .0072727    .0080351
               .045BOO     .0480OO
 .078697
1.OO93
 .18808
 .0076539
 .046900
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
Variable	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi )  2
.030875
1 .5661
. 16800
.0063277
.03250O
.073547
1 .6458
. 18167
.0077381
.037333
.052211
1 . 6060
. 17484
.0070329
.034917
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run  (mi )  2
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run  (mi)  2
                                                   Std  Dev

                                                   .0039598
                                                   .O95721
                                                   .0077521
                                                   .OO013633
                                                   .0015230
             Std Dev

             .030992
             .O36975
             .0328O9
             .0011817
             .016146
Std Dev

.025149
.17600
.OO73511
.00053907
.0015556
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .030173
                                                   .056333
                                                   .O096697
                                                   .OO099731
                                                   .OO34177
                                                             Std Dev
.032760
1 .3151
. 15574
.0060465
. 026000
.056052
3.5682
. 19745
. 0090860
.028167
.044406
2.4416
.17659
.0075663
.027083
.016470
1 .5932
.029492
.OO21493
.0015321
                                                             Std Dev
.032495
1 .6515
: 1 1691
.0051538
.021286
.082376
3.3572
. 14559
.0068664
.03350O
.057435
2 . 5044
.13125
.OO60101
.027393
.035271
1 . 206 1
.020279
.0012109
.OO86368
Variable
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
         N   Minimum	   Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2      .076755      .088242      .082499
Total CO  (grams)  2    5.5156      5.9949      5.7553
Total NOx (grams)  2      .25347       .30979       .28163
Fuel Used (gal)    2      .014512      .01502O      .014766
Dist per Run  (mi)  2      .17850       .18775       .18312
Variable
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
 "	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC   (grams)   2      .10738       .12022       .11380
Total CO   (grams)   2    4.7294      5.0487      4.8890
Total NOx  (grams)   2      .23514       .24570       .24042
Fuel Used  (gal)     2      .014000      .014492      .014246
Dist per Run  (mi)   2      .17680       .18200       .17940
             Std Dev

             .0081229
             .33885
             .039822
             .OO035907
             .0065407
             Std Dev

             .0090821
             .22577
             .OO74642
             .OO034776
             .0036770
                             C.O.V.

                            18.9537
                             6.2756
                            29.2731
                             5.5930
                            15.7135
                C.O.V.

               14.7729
                0.3539
                6.5376
                4.5014
                6.8683
 C.O.V.

31.9568
17.4378
 3.9085
 7.0431
                                                                   3.3168
                             C.O.V.

                            57.7905
                             3.5077
                             5.5306
                            14.1806
                             9.7881
                                                                   C.O.V.

                                                                  37.0896
                                                                  65.2523
                                                                  16.7008
                                                                  28.4062
                                                                   5.6571
                                                                   C.O.V.

                                                                  61.4103
                                                                  48.1592
                                                                  15.4507
                                                                  20.1477
                                                                  31.5292
                C.O.V.

                9.8461
                5.8876
               14.1398
                2.4317
                3.5718
                                                                               O.V.

-------
                                        -50-
                                     Table 08

           Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter Roll  Coupler Installed

                                    Ford Pinto
Variable
Total  HC  (grams)
Total  CO  (grams)
Total  NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
01st per Run (ml)
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
5
5
5
5
5
.023010
2. 1582
.067240
. 004034 1
. 020500
.049050
3.4848
.14111
.0064423
.0275OO
.033365
2 . 8020
. 10469
.0054103
. 025400
Variable
Total  HC  (grams)
Total  CO  (grams)
Total  NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (ml)
 Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
5
5
5
5
5
.20473
S.2406
.32785
.015778
. 14317
.31475
10.472
.58315
.026583
.21800 .
.24402
9.2842
.4771 1
.022194
. 19223
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  5
Total CO  (grams)  5
Total NOx (grams)  5
Fuel Used (gal )    5
D1st per Run (ml)  5
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
	    N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
.011293
. 18018
. 10934
.0054035
.048500
.094575
1 .9657
.21728
.0088182
.0536OO
                                       .036596
                                       .62083
                                       .16338
                                       .0068324
                                       .0508O7
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  5
Total CO  (grams)  5
Total NOx (grams)  5
Fuel Used (gal)    5
01st per Run (mi)  5
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Maximum     .  Mean	
               .O25822     .04522O     .035063
               .27270     1.4638       .87126
               .095074     .29609      .20179
               .0046029    .010226     .0068363
               .036833     .04200O     .038963
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  5
Total CO  (grams)  5
Total NOx (grams)  5
Fuel Used (gal)    5
01st per Run (mi)  5
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
.017712
.25846
.089872
.00410OO
.0280OO
.055326
2.7736
.26397
.OO81349
.032800
.037745
1 .8354
. 17912
.0062275
.029858
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Max imum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  1
Total CO  (grams)  1
Total NOx (grams)  1
Fuel Used (gal)    1
Dist per Run (ml)  1
.052894
2 . 704 1
. 17523
.0044467
.027125
.052894
2 . 704 1
. 17523
.OO44467
.027125
.052894
2 . 704 1
. 17523
.0044467
.027125
Variable
 Acceleration from 30 to 80 mph at 3 mph per sec
	   N   Mini mum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  4     .040572     .21633      .13720
Total CO  (grams)  4    4.7981      7.7275      5.9795
Total NOx (grams)  4      25011      .43633      .33081
Fuel Used (gal)    4     .013569     .025114     .018279
Dist per Run (mi)  4      17SJO      .19860      .18921
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  3
Total CO  (grams)  3
Total NOx (grams)  3
Fuel Used (gal )    3
Oist per Run (mi)  3
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

  •	    N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
05S92 1
3.9977
18268
O'osoe
. 13237
. 16445
5.5019
.29315
.018428
.20725
                                       .11939
                                      4.8059
                                       .23805
                                       .015705
                                       .17279
 Std Dev

 .010377
 .60650
 .026605
 .0011577
 .OO28904
 Std Dev

 .041927
1.7367
 .10272
 .0052250
 .029710
 Std Dev

 .033911
 .75863
 .044834
 .0014646
 .0020208
 Std Dev

 .O077173
 .45713
 .072998
 .0022993
 .OO19186
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .015719
                                                   .98188
                                                   .075034
                                                   .0015582
                                                   .0017766
                                                   Std Dev

                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
 Std Dev

 .074440
1 . 4404
 .087584
 .0049006
 .011152
 Std Dev

 .055836
 .75834
 .055237
 .0045038
 .037791
  C.O.V.

 31.1014
 21.6452
 25.4131
 21.3981
 11.3795
  C.O.V.

 17. 1818
 18.706O
 21.5296
 23.5424
 15.4554
  C.O.V.

 92.6631
122. 1961
 27 .4415
 21 .4361
  3.9774
  C.O.V.

 22.0098
 52.4677
 36.1752
 33.6337
  4.9242
                 C.O.V.

                41.6452
                53.4968
                41.89O3
                25.0213
                 5.9502
                 C.O.V.

                  N/A
                  N/A
                  N/A
                  N/A
                  N/A
  C.O.V.

 54.2566
 24.0890
 26.4756
 26.8100
  5.8940
  C.Q.V.

 46.7677
 15.7794
 23.2039
 28.6775
 21 .8710

-------
         -51-

Tab1e D8 (Continued)
Acceleration
Cycles
, with
Dynamomter Rol 1
Coupler Insta!
led (Conti
Ford Pinto
Acceleration
Variable
Total
Total
Total
Fuel
Dist
HC
CO
NOx
Used
per
(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(gal)
Run (mi)
from 30
N Minimum
1
1
1
1
1
to 60
mph at 5
Max iraum
. 10247
4.8124 4
.18160
.01190O
.12971
. 10247
.8124
. 18160
.011900
. 12971
mph per sec
Mean
. 1O247
4.8124
. 18160
.0119OO
. 12971

Std Dev
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
                                              C.O.V.

                                               N/A
                                               N/A
                                               N/A
                                               N/A
                                               N/A

-------
                                        -52-

                                     Table D9

               Acceleration Cycles,  without Dvnamomter Roll Coupler

                                 Chevrolet Impala
Variable
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
  	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC (grams) 2 .47603 . 5O964
Total CO (grams) 2 4.0313 4.3650
Total NOx (grams) 2 1.3341 1.4281
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .010109 .010523
D1st per Run (mi) 2 .045250 .046500
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4
Variable N Minimum Maximum
Total HC (grams) 2 .36000 .37323
Total CO (grams) 2 2.2293 2.8086
Total NOx (grams) 2 1.2153 1.2497
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .0086842 .0087719
Dist per Run (ml) 2 .033000 .033333
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5
Variable N Minimum Maximum
Total HC (grams) 2 .34484 .43103
Total CO (grams) 2 4.0514 8.4072
Total NOx (grams) 2 .98149 1.0311
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .0081224 .010857
Dist per Run (mi) 2 .027143 .028429
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6
Variable N Minimum Maximum
Total HC (grams) 2 .32377
Total CO (grams) 2 S.3073
Total NOx (grams) 2 .78077
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .0082870
Dist per Run (mi) 2 .020375
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 2 .96120
Total CO (grams) 2 35.706
Total NOx (grams) 2 1.1347
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .023421
Dist per Run (mi) 2 .13350
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 2 .85890
Total CO (grams) 2 37. 127
Total NOx (grams) 2 . 8988O
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .022340
Dist per Run (mi ) • 2 . 10417
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 2 .86909
Total CO (grams) 2 39.135
Total NOx (grams) 2 .71396
Fuel Used (gal) 2 .020498
Dist per Run (mi) 2 .088143
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable ' N Minimum
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
2 .26757
2 37.005
2 .64837
2 .019022
2 .086875
.55644
18.256
. 87956
.013583
.022375
60 mph at
Maximum
1 .0318
4O.719
1 .301 1
.025769
. 13400
60 mph at
Maximum
.89167
39.749
1 . 2208
.024802
. 10500
60 mph at
Maximum
1 .0270
5O.542
.81336
.025357
.091286
60 mph at
Max imum
.75162
43.077
.76624
.021719
.0875OO
.49283
4. 1981
1 .3811
.01O316
.045875
mph per sec
Mean
.36661
2.5190
1 .2325
.0087281
.033167
mph per sec
Mean
.38793
6.2293
1 .0063
.0094898
.027786
mph per sec
Mean
.44O10
12.282
.83017
.010935
.021375
3 mph per sec
Mean
.99650
38.212
1 .2179
.024595
. 13375
4 mph per sec
Mean
.87528
38.438
1 .0598
.023571
. 10458
5 mph per sec
Mean
. 94803
44.839
.76366
.022928
.089714
6 mph per sec
Mean
. 50960
40.041
.70731
.020370
.087187
Std Dev

.023766
.23591
.066472
.OO029314
.OOO88388
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .O093550
                                                             .40962
                                                             .024308
                                                             .OOO062027
                                                             .00023570
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .060946
                                                            3.0801
                                                             .035086
                                                             .0019337
                                                             .OO090914
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .16453
                                                            8.4489
                                                             .069856
                                                             .0037450
                                                             .O014142
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .049922
                                                            3.5445
                                                             .11766
                                                             .0016604
                                                             .00035355
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .023170
                                                            1.8540
                                                             .22771
                                                             .O017403
                                                             .00058926
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             . 1 1 163
                                                            8.0658
                                                             .070285
                                                             .0034357
                                                             .0022223
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .34228
                                                            4.2932
                                                             .083341
                                                             .0019071
                                                             .O0044194
C.O.V.

4.8224
5.6194
4.8130
2.8416
1.9267
                                                                  C.O.V.

                                                                  2.5518
                                                                 16.2612
                                                                  1.9723
                                                                  0.7107
                                                                  0.7106
                                                                  C.O.V.

                                                                 15.71O6
                                                                 49.4453
                                                                  3.4866
                                                                 20.3766
                                                                  3.2719
                                                                  C.Q.V.

                                                                 37.3846
                                                                 68.7909
                                                                  8.4147
                                                                 34.2478
                                                                  6.6161
                                                                  C.O.V.

                                                                  5.0097
                                                                  9.2759
                                                                  9.66O9
                                                                  6.7510
                                                                  0.2643
                                                                  c.o.v.

                                                                  2.6472
                                                                  4.8234
                                                                 21 .4861
                                                                  7.3832
                                                                  0.5635
                                                                  C.O.V.

                                                                 1 1 .7749
                                                                 17.9883
                                                                  9.2037
                                                                 14.9847
                                                                  2.4771
                                                                  C.O.V.

                                                                 67.1664
                                                                 10.7220
                                                                 1 1 .7828
                                                                  9.3623
                                                                  0.5069

-------
                                        -53-
                                     Table  D10
           Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter  Roll  Coupler  Installed
                                 Chevrolet  Impala
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at  WOT
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
                                                             Std  Dev
                                                                             C.O.V.
Total HC (grams) 3 .44161 . 541O6 .49798
Total CO (grams) 3 , .38192 .49536 .44170
Total NOx (grams) 3 .13877 .16685 .15205
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .0052059 .0058182 .0055619
D1st per Run (ml) 3 .017700 .019250 .018717
Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) 3 1.3679 1.5992 1.4983
Total CO (grams) 3 .088183 .31795 .18514
Total NOx (grams) 3 .85118 .90924 .88861
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .016OOO .016784 .016502
D1st per Run (mi) 3 .11040 .12040 .11666
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) Z .40549 1.3258 .61248
Total CO (grams) 7 2.8758 8.7061 4.6886
Total NOx (grams) 7 1.0346 1.3815 1.2352
Fuel Used (gal) 7 .0075439 .013309 .010218
D1St per Run (mi) 7 .043OOO .047600 .045931
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) 7 . 370OO .59273 .42875
Total CO (grams) 7 2.2086 7.2157 4.1920
Total NOx (grams) 7 1.0048 1.4759 1.1663
Fuel Used (gal) 7 .OO77976 .011437 .0093477
Dist per Run (mi) 7 .033167 .O4OOOO .035619
Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) 7 .30778 .62412 . 409O8
Total CO (grams) .7 1.9740 17.597 5.5911
Total NOx (grams) 7 .67679 1.1623 .90870
Fuel Used (gal) 7 .0064021 .014737 .0087495
Dist per Run (mi) 7 .026857 .030657 .027835
Acceleration from o to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) 3 .39907 .43401 .41445
Total CO (grams) 3 8.3752 10.367 9.3030
Total NOx (grams) 3 .73436 .84364 .78123
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .0097685 .010455 .01O042
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .022778 .023444 .023074
Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) 7 .70534 1.2778 1.0221
Total CO (grams) 7 .487O1 51.116 17.285
Total NOx (grams) 7 .86722 1.4494 1.1222
Fuel Used (gal) 7 .013185 .030500 .019282
Dist per Run (ml) 7 .13617 .16100 .14208
Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable " N Minimum Maximum Mean
Total HC (grams) 4 .949 1.045 1.002
Total CO (grams) 4 .487 .971 .710
Total NOx (grams) 4 .867 1 . 125 1 . 02O
Fuel Used (gal) 4 .0132 .0149 .0141
.051036
.056967
.014101
.OOO31812
. OOO88081
Std Dev
. 11848
. 1 1901
.032470
.OOO43592
.O054525

Std Dev
. 32040
1 .9733
.12315
.0017467
.OO15797

Std Dev
.079979
1 .91 17
. 17148
.OO13287
.OO28392

Std Dev
. 12145
5.70O6
. 16179
. 0029 1 25
.0013432

Std Dev
.017842
1 .0028
.056274
.00036346
.OOO33945

Std Dev
. 18013
21 .677
. 2064 1
.0072618
.0089497
(Test numbers
Std Dev
.047
.224
. 1 15
.0007
10.2486
12.8972
9.2739
5.7196
4 . 7O59
C.O.V.
7 . 9076
64.2811
3.6540
2.6416
4.6738

C.O.V.
52.31 19
42.0872
9 . 9700
17.0943
3.4393

C.O.V.
18.6540
45.6O35
14.7029
14.2142
7.9710

C.O.V.
29.6886
101 .9584
1 7 . 8046
33.2876
4.8256

C.O.V.
4 . 3050
10.7793
7 . 2O33
3.6194
1 .471 1

C.O.V.
17.6235
125.4093
18.3933
37.6610
6.2991
f to 4 only)
C.O.V.
4.73
31 .58
1 1 .29
5. 15

-------
         -54-



Table D10 (Continued)
Acceleration
Cycles, with Dynamomter Rol
1 Couoler Installed (Continued)
Chevrolet Impala
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable
Total HC
Total CO
Total NOx
Fuel Used

(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(gal)
N Minimum
3 .705
3 28.588
3 .983
3 .0197
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable

Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N Minimum
7 .79373
7 O.O
7 .49504
7 .010056
7 .10812
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable
Total HC
Total CO
Total NOx
Fuel Used

(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(gal )
N Minimum
4 .794
4 .000
4 .495
4 .0101
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable
Total HC
Total CO
Total NOx
Fuel Used

(grams)
(grams )
(grams)
(gal)
N Minimum
3 .822
3 37.551
3 .535
3 . 0204
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable

Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N Minimum
6 .87457
6 0.0
6 .52812
6 .0075989
6 .095000
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable
Total HC
Total CO
Total NOx
Fuel Used

(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(gal )
N Minimum
3 .875
3 .000
3 .528
3 .0076
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable
Total HC
Total CO
Total NOx
Fuel Used

(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(gal)
N Minimum
3 1.007
3 44.143
3 .675
3 .0227
Acceleration from 30 to
Variable
Total HC
Total CO
Total NOx
Fuel Used
Dist per

(grams)
(grams)
(grams )
(gal)
Run (mi )
N Minimum
3 .79540
3 35.057
3 .70315
3 .01934O
3 .094333
60 mph at
Max imum
1 .278
51 . 116
1 .449
.0305
60 mph at
Maximum
1 . 1230
51 .986
. 75060
.025736
. 12329
60 mph at
Maximum
1 . 100
1 .021
.736
.0108
60 mph at
Maximum
1. 123
51 .986
.751
.0257
60 mph at
Maximum
1 .0469
50.242
.85595
.026389
. 1 1343
60 mph at
Maximum
.986
.027
.643
.0102
60 mph at
Maximum
1 .047
50.242
.856
.0264 (
60 mph at
Maximum
1 . 0405
52.210
.92918
.026952
. 10250
3 mph per sec
Mean
1 .049
39.385
1 .258
.0262
4 mph per sec
Mean
.98103
19.521
.67348
.016104
. 11584
4 mph per sec
Mean
.954
.331
.670
.0104
4 mph per sec
Mean
1 .017
45. 108
.678
.0237
5 mph per sec
Mean
.98077
23.88O
.68821
.016647
. 10323
5 mph per sec
Mean
.933
.009
.594
.0088
5 mph per sec
Mean
1 .029 .
47.751
.782
* .0245
6 mph per sec
Mean
.92107
43. 106
.78031
.022834
.097444
(Test numbers
Std Dev
.304
1 1 .293
.244
.0057

Std Dev
. 14071
24.299
. 10930
.007337O
.0053222
(Test numbers
Std Dev
. 135
.467
. 1 17
.0003
(Test numbers
Std Dev
.169
7.241
. 124
.0029

Std Dev
.064574
26.228
. 12526
.0087121
.0065995
(Test numbers
Std Dev
.056
.016
.059
.0013
(Test numbers
Std Dev
.020
3. 199
.095
.0019
(Only tests 5
Std Dev
. 12267
8.6249
. 12895
.0038446
.0044169
5 to 7 only)
C.O.V.
28.92
28.67
19.39
21.81

C.O.V.
14.3431
124.4762
16.2291
45.5601
4.5944
I to 4 only)
C.O.V.
14. 15
141.15
17.43
2.88
5 to 7 only)
C.O.V.
16.63
16.05
18.30
12.23

C.O.V.
6.5840
109.8324
1 8 . 2008
52.3344
6.3930
I to 4 only)
C.O.V.
5.97
173.21
9.99
14.90
5 to 7 only)
C.O.V.
1 .96
6.70
12. 15
7.56
to 7 run)
C.O.V.
13.3182
20.0086
16.5255
16.8372
4.5328

-------
                                        -55-

                                     Table D11

               Acceleration Cycles,  without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                 Pontiac Firebird
Variable
Total  HC  (grams)
Total  CO  (grams)
Total  NOx (grams)
Fuel  Used (gal)
Dist  per Run (mi)
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
                   N   Minimum  •   Maximum       Mean
                                                             Std Dev
2
2
2
2
2
3.8819
18.719
.015812
.010988
.029667
4.0573
24.227
.023437
.01 1474
.029833
3.9696
21 .473
.019624
.011231
.029750
. 12406
3.8945
.0053917
. OOO344 1 5
.00011785
Variable
Total  HC  (grams)
Total  CO  (grams)
Total  NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal)
Dist per Run (ml)
 Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
	     N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
2
2
2
2
2
7.8715
87.878
.22785
.03973O
. 14700
8.4937
92.858
.24570
.039912
. 15167
8. 1826
90.368
.23677
.039821
. 14933
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi)  2
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
	   N   Mi nimum     Maximum       Mean
 Std Dev

 .43993
3.5213
 .012622
 .00012908
 .0032998
                                                             Std Dev
.02970O
. 12645
. 1O951
.006081 1
.045000
.O53580
6.7962
. 11250
. 0069 1 1 8
.0470OO
.041640
3.4613
. 1 1 100
.0064964
.04600O
.016886
4.7162
.0021 142
.00058738
.0014142
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2     .02158O
Total CO  (grams)  2     .46259
Total NOx (grams)  2     .20088
Fuel Used (gal)    2     .0058865
Dist per Run (mi)  2     .027667
                           .031620     .026600
                          1.5680      1.0153
                           .21027      .20557
                           .OO59615    .0059240
                           .031000     .029333
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi)  2
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum '    Maximum       Mean
. 18846
3 . 6906
.22286
.0068254
.024167
.22209
4.5854
.33833
.0075521
.024571
.20528
4. 1380
. 28060
.0071887
.024369
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC' (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run  (mi )
 Std Dev

 .0070994
 .78163
 .0066374
 .000053043
 .OO23570
 Std Dev

 .023779
 .63269
 .081650
 .00051384
 .00028621
                                                             Std Dev
2
2
2
2
2
.36977
7.2645
. 1 3O9 1
. 006607 1
.022571
1 .2746
1 1 .551
.23934
. 00806 1 2
.023125
.82219
9.4078
. 18513
.0073342
.022848
.63982
3 . 03 1 1
.076671
.0010282
.00039143
Variable
Total HC  (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run  (mi)
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
2
2
2
2
2
.49742
26.639
. 19836
.015545
. 13300
2.3393
28 . 404
.30191
.016625
. 13680
1 .4183
27.521
.25013
.016085
. 13490
Variable
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run  (mi)
2
2
2
2
2
1 .4197
54.385
. 17526
.019538
. 10780
1 .8707
56.946
.36760
.021560
. 1 2700
1 .6452
55.666
.27143
.020549
. 1 1740
                                                   Std Dev

                                                  1.3024
                                                  1.2482
                                                   .073221
                                                   .00076335
                                                   .0026870
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .31889
                                                  1.8111
                                                   .13600
                                                   .0014294
                                                   .013576
                                                                             c.o.v.
                                                                   3.
                                                                  18.
                   1253
                   1367
                27.4750
                 3.0643
                 0.3961
 C.O.V.

 5.3764
 3.8966
 5.3309
 0.3242
 2.2097
                 C.O.V.

                4O.5523
               136.2551
                 1.9047
                 9.0416
                 3.0743
 C.O.V.

26.6895
76.9851
 3.2288
 0.8954
 8.0353
 C.O.V.

11.5837
15.2898
29.0984
 7.1479
 1 . 1745
                                                                   C.O.V.

                                                                  77.8190
                                                                  32.219O
                                                                  41 .4147
                                                                  14.0192
                                                                   1.7132
                                                                             C.O.V.
                91
                 4
   8282
   5354
29.2732
 4.7457
 1.9918
                 C.O.V.

                19.3830
                 3.2535
                50.1050
                 6.9561
                11.5639

-------
                                        -56-
Variable
                          Table D12

Acceleration Cycles, with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed

                      Pontiac Firebird

Acceleration front 0 to 30 mph at WOT

        N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean	    ' Std Dev
Total HC (grams) 3 3.3516
Total CO (grams) 3 22.052
Total NOx (grams) 3 .014567
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .0097475
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .031667
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 7.1118
Total CO (grams) 3 84.802
Total NOx (grams) 3 .11880
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .036667
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .16500
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 .O13930
Total CO (grams) 3 .18281
Total NOx (grams) 3 .11393
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .0058529
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .045250
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 : .012240
Total CO (grams) 3 1.2116
Total NOx (grams) 3 ' .22425
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .0060185
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .032500
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 .051826
Total CO (grams) 3 6.6711
Total NOx (grams) 3 .051840
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .OO70301
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .026714
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 .23797
Total CO (grams) 3 8.3138
Total NOx (grams) 3 .017762
Fuel Used (gal) 3 . OO6625O
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .026500
3.6858 3.4658
24.438 23.171
.015762 .015325
.010516 .010160
.03260O .032144
60 mph at WOT
Maximum Mean
10.347 8.3640
95.439 • 91 . 172
.22110 .17201
.042750 .039238
.18000 .172OO
30 mph at 3 mph per sec
Maximum Mean
.36325 .13282
1.7701 .73106
.26032 .18116
.0076250 .0068494
.04975O .046917
30 mph at 4 mph per sec
Maximum Mean
1.5532 .52678
11.329 4.6351
.33552 .26651
.010118 .0078787
.0360OO .034300
30 mph at 5 mph per sec
Maximum Mean
3.2390 1.3302
23.201 14.084
.40230 .24256
.011852 .010114
.032000 .029505
30 mph at 6 mph per sec
Maximum Mean
3.1822 1.7974
20.398 15.718
.24931 .15580
.013826 .010007
.031800 .029642
.19051
1 . 1997
. 00065957
.OO038732
.00046706

Std Dev
1 .7372
5.6218
. .051274
.0031488
.OO75498

Std Dev
. 19960
. 9O027
.073920
.00090645
.0024664

Std Dev
.88887
5.7972
.060264
.0020756
.OO17521

Std Dev
1 .6846
8.3958
. 17727
.OO26783
.0026552

Std Dev
1 .4799
6.4864
. 12203
. 0036204
.0027835
Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 .43462
Total CO (grams) 3 29.933
Total NOx (grams) 3 .20857
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .016793
Dist per Run (mi) 3 .14475
Maximum Mean
2.3710 1.5661
73.699 51.O48
.32782 .26758
.026806 .022639
. 15450 . 14919
Std Dev
1 . 0086
21 .924
.059630
.0052128
.OO49317
Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
Variable N Minimum
Total HC (grams) 3 1.4777
Total CO (grams) 3 43.506
Total NOx (grams) 3 .077625
Fuel Used (gal) 3 .018933
Dist per Run (mi ) 3 . 12117
Maximum Mean
4. 1742 2.7932
68.741 56.428
.39415 .25177
.026928 .022251
.15525 .13792
Std Dev
1 .3494
12.629
. 16063
.00.41674
.017049
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                             5.4969
                                                                             5. 1776
                                                                             4.3039
                                                                             3.8122
                                                                             1.4530
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                            20.7700
                                                                             6. 1661
                                                                            29.8087
                                                                             8.0249
                                                                             4.3894
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                           15O.2785
                                                                           123.1458
                                                                            40.8037
                                                                            13.2340
                                                                             5.2569
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                           168.7365
                                                                           125.0717
                                                                            22.6123
                                                                            26.3444
                                                                             5.1082
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                           126.6426
                                                                            59.6123
                                                                            73.0829
                                                                            26.4811
                                                                             8.9992
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                            82.3356
                                                                            41 .2673
                                                                            78.3248
                                                                            36. 1787
                                                                             9.3904
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                            64 .4020
                                                                            42.9478
                                                                            22.2849
                                                                            23.0258
                                                                             3.3057
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                            48.3102
                                                                            22.3807
                                                                            63.8002
                                                                            18.7290
                                                                            12.3615

-------
                                        -57-

                                     Table 013

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                 VW Diesel Rabbit
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
2
2
2
2
2
Acceleration
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
.17138
.34393
. 1 1648
.0031683
. 0320OO
from 0 to
N Minimum
2
2
2
2
2
Acceleration
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N
2
2
2
2
2
Acceleration
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N
2
2
2
2
2
Acceleration
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N
2
2
2
2
2
1 .4938
2.4226
.53922
.016645
.24800
from 0 to
Mini mum
.27566
.58097
.21 122
.0047222
.O425OO
from 0 to
Minimum
.21594
.51277
. 14567
. 004 1 1 24
.O356OO
from 0 to
Mini mum
. 19594
.53294
. 13332
. O04OO79
.029167
. 25600
.35104
. 14128
.0033565
. 03860O
60 mph at WOT
Maximum
1 . 602 1 1
2.7751 2
. 54560
.0181O2
. 25800
30 mph at 3 mph
Maximum
.28560
.64887
.22643
.0052647
.044750
30 mph at 4 mph
Maximum
.27234
. 83909
. 19936
.0063571
. 0366OO
30 mph at 5 mph
Max i mum
.247O4
.87792
. 18171
.O059524
.033667
.21369
.34748
. 12888
.0032624
.035300

Mean
.5479
.5989
.54241
.017374
. 25300
per sec
Mean
.28063
.61492
.21883
.0049935
.043625
per sec
Mean
.24414
.67593
. 17251
.0052348
.0361OO
per sec
Mean
.22149
.70543
. 15751
.0049802
.031417
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .059833
                                                             .O0503O4
                                                             .O17533
                                                             .00013308
                                                             .0046669
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .076551
                                                             .24926
                                                             .0045113
                                                             .001O303
                                                             .00707 1 1
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .0070286
                                                             .048013
                                                             .010755
                                                             .00038359
                                                             .O01591O
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .039881
                                                             .23075
                                                             .O37966
                                                             .0015873
                                                             .0007O711
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .036134
                                                             .24393
                                                             .O34216
                                                             .O013749
                                                             .0031820
 C.O.V.

27.9999
 1 .4477
13.6041
 4.0792
13.2207
                                                                               O.V.
                                                                             2.7949
 C.O.V.

 2.5046
 7.808O
 4.9148
 7.6818
 3.6470
 C.O.V.

16.3353
34.1381
22.0080
30.3221
 1.9588
 C.O.V.

16.3140
34.5789
21.7231
27.6073
10.1283

-------
                                        -58-

                                     Table D14

           Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed

                                 VW Diesel Rabbit
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Di st per Run (mi )
'3 .13167
3 .35525
3 .12215
3 .0035833
3 . 034400
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable
Tota'l HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal)
Dist per Run (mi )
N Minimum
3 1.3150
3 2.5928
3 .53768
3 .017698
3 . 24600
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N Minimum
3 .46990
3 .57951
3 .21 506
3 .0050538
3 .046250
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N Minimum
3 . 13120
3 .54760
3 . 16682
3 .0043011
3 . 038OOO
Acceleration from 0 to
Variable
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
N Mini mum
3 .11984
3 .35951
3 .066292
3 .0027243
3 .035143
.26530
.42441
. 14389
.0040175
.038167
.21569
.38442
. 1 3065
.0037364
.035856
60 mph at WOT
Maximum
1 .6234
2.7875
.62500
.018657
.25850
30 mph at 3
Maximum
. 70003
1 . 8948
.63808
.016389
.0885OO
30 mph at 4
Maximum
. 52033
.83569
.20998
.0063279
. 040000
30 mph at 5
Max i mum
.50231
.76954
.21287
. 006077 1
.038286
Mean
1 .5018
2 .'6896
.57534
.018229
.25150
mph per sec
Mean
.54743
1 .0334
. 36084
. 0088994
.060583
mph per sec
Mean
.35499
.64844
. 18573
. 005069 1
.O38867
mph per sec
Mean
.35454
.58168
. 12351
.O044651
.036421
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .073154
                                                             .035831
                                                             .011620
                                                             .00024382
                                                             .0020238
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             . 16421
                                                             .097335
                                                             .044880
                                                             .00048783
                                                             .0063836
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .13217
                                                             .74630
                                                             .24021
                                                             .0064868
                                                             .024179
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .20104
                                                             . 16233
                                                             .O22O71
                                                             .0010989
                                                             .0010263
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .20552
                                                             .20716
                                                             .078396
                                                             .0016801
                                                             .0016517
 C.O.V.

33.9162
 9.3208
 8.8940
 6.5255
 5.6442
 C.O.V.

10.9342
 3.6189
 7.8006
 2.6761
 2.5382
 C.O.V.

24.1437
72.2179
66.5696
72.8903
39.91O5
 C.O.V.

56.6325
25.0339
11.8834
21 .6784
 2.64O5
 C.O.V.

57.9680
35.6141
63.4734
37.6274
 4.5350

-------
                                        -59-

                                     Table D15

               Acceleration Cycles,  without Dynamomter Roll  Coupler

                                  Saab 900 Turbo
Variable
Total  HC  (grams)
Total  CO  (grams)
Total  NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal)
Dist per Run (mi)
 Acceleration from 0 to  30 mph  at  WOT

	   N   Mini mum     Maximum	    Mean
3
3
3
3
3
.O037186
2.4538
.034361
. O036029
.018375
.0072986
3. 1373
. 14316
.0056710
.019571
.0058774
2 . 7208
.078420
.0044504
.018887
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT

                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  3     .11929      .18559      .16291
Total CO  (grams)  3    1.2728      3.8569      2.7667
Total NOx (grams)  3     .39937      .49540      .44975
Fuel Used (gal)    3     .0180O9     .019641     .018865
Dist per Run (mi)  3     .12767      .14967      .13567
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  3
Total CO  (grams)  3
Total NOx (grams)  3
Fuel Used (gal)    3
Dist per Run (mi)  3
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec

	   N   Minimum     Max imum       Mean
Std Dev

.0019006
.36546
.057275
.0010833
.00061661
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .037780
                                                  1 .3385
                                                   .048187
                                                   .00081882
                                                   .012166
                                                             Std Dev
.012840
.58807
.27606
.OO62941
.041600
.034O72
4.7378
.4301 1
.0077632
.044250
. 024O96
2.0877
.36463
. 0070360
.042883
.O10674
2.3017
.079577
.OO073463
.0013270
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  3
Total CO  (grams)  3
Total NOx (grams)  3
Fuel Used (gal)    3
Dist per Run (mi)  3
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
.014648
2.9692
.21910
.OO47O43
.O29167
.027O30
4. 1868'
.49867
.OO72481
.0318OO
.O22059
3 . 6820
.40181
.0062885
. 0307 1 1
Variable
Total HC  (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel used (gal)
Dist per Run  (mi)
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
3
3
3
3
3
.043175
2.3655
. 19834
.0081034
.022857
. 13042
3. 1296
.72063
.010467
.026167
.093829
2.8545
.39615
. 0093646
.024175
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

                   N   Mini mum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  3
Total CO  (grams)  3
Total NOx (grams)  3
Fuel Used (gal)    3
Dist per Run  (mi)  3
               .O17949     .10874      .O69542
              1.5488      2.1469      1.8309
               .18424      .39568      .28805
               .OO67578    .0091534    .0083133
               .021625     .024714     .022970
Variable
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec

	   N   Minimum     Max i mum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  3      .021292     .062352     .040982
Total CO  (grams)  3    3.5515      4.2208      3.8683
Total NOx (grams)  3      .44410      .96067      .76999
Fuel Used (gal)    3      .016314     .021833     .019O42
Dist per Run  (mi)  3      .12525      .13100      .12783
Variable
Total HC   (grams)  3
Total CO   (grams)  3
Total NOx  (grams)  3
Fuel Used  (gal)    3
Dist per Run  (mi)  3
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

	   N   Mini mum     Maximum      ..Mean.	
.038912
1 .2104
.42291
.011989
. 1024O
.074620
2.4676
.58737
.013844
. 10660
                                       .0614O6
                                      1.6798
                                       .49606
                                       .013224
                                       .10483
Std Dev

.0065417
.63485
.15833
.O013821
.OO13745
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .045292
                                                   .42456
                                                   .28325
                                                   .0011896
                                                   .0017549
Std Dev

.046648
.30050
.10577
.0013485
.OO15828
Std Dev

.020582
.33606
.28359
.O027602
.0029190
Std Dev

.019579
.68648
.083716
.0010695
.0021779
 C.O.V.

32.3374
13.4321
73.0362
24.3416
 3.2647
                C.O.V.

               23.1907
               48.3789
               10.7142
                4.3404
                8.9673
                C.O.V.

               44.2978
              110.2505
               21 .8240
               10.4410
                3.0945
 C.O.V.

29.6555
17.2420
39.4042
21 .9782
 4.4756
                C.O.V.

               48.2708
               14.8734
               71.5O07
               12.7032
                7.2592
 C.O.V.

67.0789
16.4127
36.7193
16.2210
 6.8907
 C.O.V.

50.2220
 8.6875
36.8303
14.4953
 2.2835
 C.O.V.

31 .8845
4O.8668
16.8762
 8.0876
 2.0776

-------
                                        -60-
                               Table D15 (Continued)

      Acceleration Cycles,  without Dynamomter Roll  Coupler (Continued)

                                  Saab 900 Turbo
Variable
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec

                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
                                                             Std Dev
Variable
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 6 mph per sec

                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
                                                             Std Dev
Total HC  (grams)  1
Total CO  (grams)  1
Total NOx (grams)  1
Fuel Used (gal)    1
Dist per Run (mi)  1
. 18953
.27749
. 11519
.OO88741
. 10471
. 18953
.27749
. 11519
.0088741
. 10471
. 18953
.27749
. 11519
.0088741
. 10471
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
                                                                             C.O.V.
Total HC (grams)
Total CO (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi )
3
3
3
3
3
. 069000
. 40000
. 13500
.0076336
.099833
. 14975
. 74481
. 28O83
.012759
. 11 100
. 11547
.52736
.21315
.01O579
. 10361
.041731
. 18924
.073477
.0026469
.0063995
36. 1401
35.8844
34.4719
25.0203
6. 1765
C.O.V.

 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A

-------
                                        -61-

                                     Table D16

           Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed

                                  Saab 900 Turbo
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT

Variable	   N   Mini mum     Max i mum       Mean.

Total HC  (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal )
Dist per Run (mi)
2
2
2
2
2
.028543
2 . 8906
.084889
.0052857
.020857
.81989
3.0245
. 12305
.0053480
.021143
.42422
2.9575
. 10397
.0053168
.021OOO
Variable
Total  HC  (grams)  2
Total  CO  (grams)  2
Total  NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi )  2
 Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
	   N   Minimum     Maximum	   _Mean
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .55957
                                                             .094678
                                                             .026985
                                                             .000044032
                                                             .000202O3
                                                             Std Dev
. 12692
1 .3677
. 1 5O80
.0089762
. 12567
2.3737
5.2956
.49504
.024792
. 15867
1.2503
3.3316
.32292
.016884
. 14217
1.5887
2.7774
.24341
.01 1 183
.023335
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
         N   Minimum     Maximum	    Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi)  2
               .012710
               .62607
               .21928
               .0085417
               .041000
                                     .013840
                                     .92468
                                     .37392
                                     .0088265
                                     .043250
.013275
.77538
.29660
.0086841
.042125
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run  (mi)  2
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
               .044936     .049980     .047458
               .69339     1.0788       .88611
               .26634      .32436      .29535
               .OO86316    .0087179    .OO86748
               .03280O     .0340OO     .033400
Variable
Total HC  (grams)
Total CO  (grams)
Total NOx (grams)
Fuel Used (gal)
Dist per Run  (mi)
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
                   N   Mini mum     Maximum       Mean
2
2
2
2
2
.06179O
2.6834
.29952
.01 1034
.027833
.082240
3.0147
. 33400
.011 133
. 032000
.072015
2.8491
.31676
.011O84
.029917
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run  (mi)  2
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

  	   N   Mini mum     Max i mum       Mean
.095467
.90735
.26565
.010000
. 023OOO
. 15479
2.4763
. 32053
.010667
.026667
                                       . 12513
                                      1 .6918
                                       .29309
                                       .01O333
                                       .024833
Variable
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       _Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel -Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run  (mi)  2
.052080
.98431
.41490
.014966
.12750
.065025
3.5713
.71017
.021250
. 17360
.058552
2.2778
.56254
.018108
. 15055
Variable
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Max i mum       Mean
Total HC   (grams)   2      .057824      .0690OO      .063412
Total CO   (grams)   2      .73837       .86700       .80268
Total NOx  (grams)   2      .40950       .41922       .41436
Fuel Used  (gal)     2      .015152      .016353      .015752
Dist per Run  (mi)   2      .11120       .15000       .13060
Std Dev

.OO0799O3
.21 115
. 10935
.00020143
.001591O
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .0035666
                                                             .27254
                                                             .041029
                                                             .000061073
                                                             .OOO84853
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .01446O
                                                   .23427
                                                   .024381
                                                   .OO0069898
                                                   .0029463
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             .041948
                                                             1.1094
                                                             .038808
                                                             .00047140
                                                             .0025927
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .0091535
                                                  1.8293
                                                   .2O879
                                                   .0044438
                                                   .032598
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .0079026
                                                   .090957
                                                   .OO68759
                                                   .00084954
                                                   .027436
                                                                   C.O.V.

                                                                 131.9056
                                                                   3.2013
                                                                  25.9546
                                                                   0.8282
                                                                   0.9620
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                            127.0655
                                                                            83.3653
                                                                            75.3777
                                                                            66.2343
                                                                            16.4134
 C.O.V.

 6.0191
27.2318
36.8678
 2.3195
 3.7769
                            C.O.V.

                            7.5153
                           30.7569
                           13.8917
                            0.7040
                            2.5405
                                                                             C.O.V.

                                                                            20.0791
                                                                             8.2226
                                                                             7.6970
                                                                             0.6306
                                                                             9.8483
                            C.O.V.

                           33.5235
                           65.5751
                           13.2410
                            4.5621
                           10.4405
                                                                              C.O.V.

                                                                             15.6331
                                                                             80.31OO
                                                                             37.1156
                                                                             24.5405
                                                                             21 .6526
                                                                     O.V.
                                                                             21 .0077

-------
                                        -62-
                               Table D16 (Continued)

     Acceleration Cycles, with Dynamomter Roll  Coupler Installed (Continued)

                                  Saab 900 Turbo

           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable	   N   Minimum	   Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2     .14544      .16053      .15299
Total CO  (grams)  2     .42771      .82224      .62497
Total NOx (grams)  2     .27749      .31824      .29787
Fuel Used (gal)    2     .011467     .012308     .011887
D1st per Run (mi)  2     .11467      .14400      .12933
Std Dev

.010673
.27898
.028812.
-OO059469
.020742
 C.O.V.

 6.9763
44.6389
 9.6727
 5.0029
16.0380

-------
                                         -63-

                                     Table 017

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                     Volvo CL
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  4     .01400O     .039737     .021397
Total CO  (grams)  4     .086520     .13111      .11683
Total NOx (grams)  4     .075750     .10065      .089069
Fuel  Used (gal)    4     .OO40094    .0052244    .0046715
Dist per Run (mi)  4     .021250     .029429     .025711
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  4
Total CO  (grams)  4
Total NOx (grams)  4
Fuel Used (gal)    4
Dist per Run (mi)  4
 Acceleration from 0  to 60 mph at  WOT
  	    N   Mini mum      Maximum       Mean
. 034000
.73272
.44634
.02O821
. 14167
. 12930
2.3573
.79758
.021250
. 15300
                                       .O89321
                                      1.6464
                                       .66848
                                       .021015
                                       .14767
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  4
Total CO  (grams)  4
Total NOx (grams)  4
Fuel Used (gal)    4
Dist per Run (mi)  4
.032305
.91273
.26799
.0075893
.042500
.057500
2.O429
.41768
.0079310
.04 6000
.045724
1 . 48O5
.35765
.0077930
.044625
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Max i mum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  4      .031772      .048650      .041754
Total CO  (grams)  4      .65504     1.4479      1.1661
Total NOx (grams)  4      .26533       .44109       .37323
Fuel Used (gal)    4      .0077778     .0084500     .0081694
Dist per Run (mi)  4      .0338OO      .035000      .034250
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  4
Total CO  (grams)  4
Total NOx (grams)  4
Fuel Used (gal)    4
Dist per Run  (mi)  4
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
 	    N   Minimum     Max i mum       Mean
               .019622     .O80025     .044842
               .12481      1.8243       .78995
               .14430      .56430      .33322
               .OO68440    .OO91667    .0079656
               .026000     .032333     .029500
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  4
Total CO  (grams)  4
Total NOx (grams)  4
Fuel Used (gal)    4
Dist per Run  (mi)  4
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean	
.026783
.27657
. 18131
.0061064
.023714
.053357
1 .3339
.45911
.0083251
.031500
                                       .036562
                                       .60808
                                       .31018
                                       .0072960
                                       .027625
Variable
           Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
                   N  . Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC   (grams)  4      .052240      .087262      .065804
Total CO   (grams)  4      .37765      1.0552        .60264
Total NOx.  (grams)  4      .21712       .42826       .36194
Fuel Used  (gal)    4      .015130      .018908      .016641
Dist per Run  (mi)  4      .13150       .16325       .14356
Variable
           Acceleration  from 30  to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC   (grams)  4      .041088      .058590      .050342
Total CO   (grams)  4      .20929       .61824       .43512
Total NOx  (grams)  4      .25469       .35154       .28627
Fuel Used  (gal)    4      .012588      .014000      .013017
Dist per Run  (mi)  4      .12840       .13620       .13090
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .012283
                                                   .020423
                                                   .010302
                                                   .OO054376
                                                   .0034807
Std Dev

.043876
.68040
. 15432
.00022064
.0058373
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .01O366
                                                   .5O951
                                                   .064326
                                                   .00014541
                                                   .OO15478
Std Dev

.OO71365
.35049
.O80664
.00033642
.00057446
Std Dev

.026255
.73912
.17723
.0011256
.0032347
Std Dev

.012372
.48804
.11777
.0010076
.0042743
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .015598
                                                   .30757
                                                   .097441
                                                   .0016137
                                                   .014407
                                                   Std Dev

                                                   .0080697
                                                   .19744
                                                   .O44353
                                                   .00065906
                                                   .0036166
                C.O.V.

               57.4052
               17.4810
               11.5663
               11.6399
               13.5378
 C.O.V.

49. 1217
41 .3265
23.0852
 1.0499
 3.9529
                C.O.V.

               22.6708
               34.4147
               17.9857
                1 .8659
                3.4685
 C.O.V.

17.0918
30.0566
21 .6124
 4.1181
 1.6773
 C.O.V.

58.5500
93.5654
53.1871
14.1308
10.9651
 C.O.V.

33.8384
80.2591
37.9683
13.8103
15.4726
                C.O.V.

               23.7037
               51.0371
               26.9219
                9.6971
               10.0355
                C.O.V.

                16.0298
                45.3760
                15.4934
                5.0631
                2.7629

-------
                                         -64-
                                     Table D18

           Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter Roll  Coupler Installed

                                     Volvo GL
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph  at  WOT
	   N   Minimum     Maximum        Mean
Total  HC  (grams)  2     .021000     .024137     .022569
Total  CO  (grams)  2     .13325      .18907      .16116
Total  NOx (grams)  2     .11350      .12471      .11910
Fuel Used (gal)    2     .0054348    .0062857    .0058602
Dist per Run (mi)  2     .025000     .025143     .O25071
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total  HC  (grams)  2     .12144      .16368      .14256
Total  CO  (grams)  2    1.4202      2.0071       1.7137
Total  NOx (grams)  2     .79029      .79442      .79236
Fuel Used (gal)    2     .O25556     .027104     .026330
Dist per Run (mi)  2     .16533      .16867      .16700
Variable
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run (mi)  2
 Acceleration from 0 to 3O mph at 3 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
.02604O
. 171 12
.23436
.0089423
.046500
.O4747O
1 . 1 303
.38070
.0090385
.047000
                                       .O36755
                                       .65073
                                       .30753
                                       .0089904
                                       .O46750
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2     .050864     .O58056     .O5446O
Total CO  (grams)  2     .886.77      .94323      .915OO
Total NOx (grams)  2     .16426      .33249      .24837
Fuel Used (gal)    2     .0098333    .0098421    .0098377
Dist per Run (mi)  2     .035400     .O3740O     .0364OO
Variable
 Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2     .031584     .070964     .051274
Total CO  (grams)  2     .19286     1.2805       .73668
Total NOx (grams)  2     .15658      .32970      .24314
Fuel Used (gal)    2     .010839     .011214.    .011026
Dist per Run (mi)  2     .031400     .03360O     .0325OO
Variable
           Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

                   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2
Total CO  (grams)  2
Total NOx (grams)  2
Fuel Used (gal)    2
Dist per Run  (mi )  2
               .047333     .079483     .063408
               .64567     1.2347       .94017
               .22833      .32648      .27741
               .0087719    .010920     .0098457
               .031667     .033333     .032500
Variable
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2      .079950     .081090     .080520
Total CO  (grams)  2      .80411      .83316      .81864
Total NOx (grams)  2      .34185      .43819      .39002
Fuel Used (gal)    2      .018088     .019390     .018739
Dist per Run (mi)  2      .15375      .15900      .15637
Variable
 Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
 	   N   Minimum     Maximum       Mean
Total HC  (grams)  2      .059356     .060138      .059747
Total CO  (grams)  2      .41862      .54433       .48147
Total NOx (grams)  2      .25929      .26677       .263O3
Fuel Used (gal)    2      .014547     .014598      .014573
Dist per Run (mi)  2      .15420      .1562O       .15520
Std Dev

.0022183
.039474
.O079257
.00060170
.OOO10102
Std Dev

.029868
.41505
.O029180
.001O948
.0023570
Std Dev

.O15153
.67828
.10348
.000067991
.00035355
Std Dev

.O050855
.O39922
.11896
.0000062027
.OO14142
Std Dev

.027846
.769O7
.12242
.OOO26557
.0015556
Std Dev

.022733
.41650
.O69403
.O015186
.0011785
Std Dev

.OOO80610
.02054O
.068121
.00092066
.0037123
Std Dev

.00055296
.088890
.0052849
.OOOO36035
.0014142
  C.O.V.

  9.8290
 24.4937
  6.6547
 10.2676
  0.4029
  C.O.V.

 20.9512
 24.2195
  0.3683
  4. 1580
  1.4114
  C.O.V.

 41.2270
104.2337
 33.6487
  0.7563
  0.7563
  C.O.V.

  9.3380
  4.3631
 47.8963
  0.0631
  3.8852
  C.O.V.

 54.3082
1O4.3967
 50.3496
  2.4086
  4.7865
  c.a.v.

 35.8520
 44.3005
 25.O182
 15.4240
  3.6262
  C.O.V.

  1.0011
  2.5090
 17.4660
  4.9131
  2.3741
  C.O.V.

  0.9255
 18.4622
  2.0092
  0.2473
  0.9112

-------
                                        -65-
                                     Table D19

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                    Ford Pinto
       Acceleration front 0 to 30 mph at WOT
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.680O      2.75OO      2.2150
CO  (grams/mi)      2   135.35      184.90      160.12
NOx (grams/mi)      2     1.95OO      3.7100      2.83OO
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.400O      4.60OO      4.0000
                                                 Mean
2
2
2
2
0 . 84000
42.280
2. 1300
8 . 8000
0 . 94000
46.830
2. 1400
9. 1000
0.89000
44.555
2. 1350
8.9500
0 . 0707 1 1
3.2173
0.007071 1
0.21213
       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum
HC  (grams/ml)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.33OO      2.0100      1.6700
CO  (grams/mi)      2    19.320      23.620      21.470
NOx (grams/mi)      2     3.81OO      4.2200      4.0150
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     5.700O      6.6OOO      6.1500

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.95OOO     1.9700      1.46OO
CO  (grams/mi)      2    41.95O      50.640      46.295
NOx (grams/mi)      2     4.5OOO      5.59OO      5.0450
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     4.20OO      5.9000      5.05OO

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.26OO      1.9900      1.6250
CO  (grams/mi)      2    50.58O     126.68       88.630
NOx (grams/mi)      2     5.99OO      7.0100      6.5000
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.10OO      4.3000      3.7000

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
2
2
2
2
0.97OOO
49 . 30O
3 . 49OO
3. 10OO
3.8700
157.72
6.8400
6.5000
                                                  2.4200
                                                103.51
                                                  5.165O
                                                  4.8000
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC   (grams/mi)      2
CO   (grams/mi)      2
NOx  (grams/mi)      2
Fuel Economy  (mpg)  2

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC   (grams/mi)
CO   (grams/mi)
NOx  (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
2
2
2
2
0 . 59OOO
26.75O
1 .3300
12.2OO
0 . 68OOO
27.740
1.3500
13.0OO
                                                  0.635OO
                                                 27.245
                                                  1.3400
                                                 12.6OO
                                                             Std Oev

                                                             0.75660
                                                            35.037
                                                             1.2445
                                                             0.84853
                                                             Std Dev
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             0.48083
                                                             3.0406
                                                             0.28991
                                                             0.63640
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             0.72125
                                                             6.1448
                                                             0.77075
                                                             1.2021
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             0.51619
                                                            53.81 1
                                                             0.72125
                                                             0.84853
 Std Dev

 2.0506
76.665
 2.3688
 2.4O42
                                                             Std Dev
0 . 43OOO
30.9OO
1 .42OO
1 2 . 3OO
0.47000
31 .930
1 .6500
12.500
0.45000
31 .415
1 .535O
1 2 . 400
0.028284
0.72832
0. 16263
0. 14142
 Std Dev

 0.063640
 0.70004
 0.014142
 0.56569
             C.O.V.

             34.158
             21 .882
             43.975
             21 .213
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                          7.945
                                                                          7.221
                                                                          0.331
                                                                          2.370
             C.O.V.

             28.792
             14.162
              7.221
             10.348
             C.O.V.

             49.401
             13.273
             15.278
             23.804
             C.O.V.

             31.766
             60.714
             11.096
             22.933
C.O.V.

84.736
74.065
45.863
50.087
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                          6.285
                                                                          2.318
                                                                         10.595
                                                                          1 . 140
C.O.V.

10.022
 2.569
 1 .055
 4.49O

-------
                                        -66-

                                     Table D20

         Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter Roll  Coupler Installed

                                    Ford Pinto
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)      5     0.96000     1.8000      1.3120
CO  (grams/mi)      5    81.060     138.70      110.87
NOx (grams/mi)      5     3.2800      5.3000      4.0900
Fuel Economy (mpg)  5     3.9000      6.6OOO      4.84OO

       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)      5     1.0900      1.480O      1.2780
CO  (grams/mi)      5    43.590      54.260      48.162
NOx (grams/mi)      5     2.0100      3.0800      2.4880
Fuel Economy (mpg)  5     7.7000     12.000       8.90OO

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
5
5
5
5
0 . 22000
3.5100
2 . 1 300
5 . 5000
1 .9500
40.530
4 . 4800
9 . 5OOO
 0.73200
12.5O4
 3.2360
 7.7400
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      5     0.66OOO     1.190O      0.9O400
CO  (grams/mi)      5     6.9700     38.520      22.634
NOx (grams/mi)      5     2.43OO      7.6200      5.2O80
Fuel Economy (mpg)  5     3.8000      8.5OOO      6.2OOO

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Mini-mum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
5
5
5
5
0 . 54OOO
7 . 8800
2 . 7400
3 . 60OO
1 . 8800
94.250
8 . 9700
8 . OOOO
 1.2780
62.618
 6.O660
 5.1200
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      1     1.95OO      1.950O      1.9500
CO  (grams/mi)      1    99.69O      99.690      99.690
NOx (grams/mi)      1     6.4600      6.46OO      6.4600
Fuel Economy (mpg)  1     6.1000      6.1000      6.10OO

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      4     0.23000     1.1800      0.72000
CO  (grams/mi)      4    24.160      42.150      31.682
NOx (grams/mi)      4     1.2600      2.3800      1.7700
Fuel Economy (mpg)  4     7.300O     13.000      10.85O

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)      1
CO  (grams/mi)      1
NOx (grams/mi)      1
Fuel Economy (mpg)  1
            Std Dev

            0.35591
           22.995
            0.79278
            1.0359
            Std Dev

            0.16843
            4.4603
            0.438O3
            1 .7593
 Std Dev

 0.7O652
15.770
 0.96754
 1 .7813
            Std Dev

            0.21617
           12.340
            1 .9514
            1.9105
 Std Dev

 0.54824
33.496
 2.6288
 1.7283
            Std Dev

             N.A.
             N.A.
             N.A.
             N.A.
            Std Dev

            0.39758
            7.9291
            0.55106
            2.49O6
            Std Dev
3
3
3
3
0.43000
23.73O
1 . 1 500
9 . 7000
0.92OOO
30.78O
1 . 6400
1 2 . 600
0 . 67000
28.237
1 .3900
11 .233
0.24515
3.9136
0.24515
1 .4572
0.79000
37. 100
1 .4OOO
10.90O
0.79000
37. 100
1 . 4OOO
10.900
0.79000
37. 100
1 . 4OOO
10.900
            Std Dev

             N.A.
             N.A.
             N.A.
             N.A.
             C.O.V.

             27.127
             20.740
             19.383
             21.403
             C.O.V.

             13.179
              9.261
             17.606
             19.767
 C.O.V.

 96.519
126.120
 29.899
 23.014
             C.O.V.

             23.913
             54.520
             37.469
             30.814
 C.O.V.

 42.898
 53.493
 43.337
 33.756
             C.D.V.

              N.A.
              N.A.
              N.A.
              N.A.
             C.O.V.

             55.219
             25.027
             31.133
             22.955
                        C.O.V.

                        36.59O
                        13.860
                        17.637
                        12.972
             C.O.V.

              N.A.
              N.A.
              N.A.
              N.A.

-------
                                        -67-

                                     Table D21

               Acceleration Cyc1.es. without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                 Chevrolet Impala
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2    10.520      10.960      10.740
CO  (grams/mi)      2    89.090      93.870      91.480
NOx (grams/ml)      2    28.690      31.560      30.125
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     4.3000      4.6000      4.4500

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2    10.800      11.310      11.055
CO  (grams/mi)      2    66.880      85.110      75.995
NOx (grams/mi)      2    36.460      37.870      37.165
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.80OO      3.8000      3.8000
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             0.31113
                                                             3.3800
                                                             2.0294
                                                             0.21213
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             0.36062
                                                            12/891
                                                             0.997O2
                                                             0.0
                                                             Std Dev
C.O.V.

 2.897
 3.695
 6.737
 4.767
C.O.V.

 3.262
16.963
 2.683
 0.0
                                                                         C.O.V.
2
2
2
2
12. 130
142.51
36. 160
2.50OO
15.880
309.74
36.270
3.5OOO
14.005
226. 12
36.215
3.OOOO
2.6517
1 18.25
0.077782
0 . 707 1 1 '
18.934
52.295
0.215
23.570
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N  Minimum     .Maximum.      .Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

Variable            N   Mini mum     Max i mum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      2    14.470      27.310      20.890      9.0793      43.462
CO  (grams/mi)      2   281.89      895.99      588.94     434.23        73.731
NOx (grams/mi)      2    38.320      39.310      38.815      0.70004      1.8O4
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     1.5000      2.70OO      2.1OOO     0.84853     40.406

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      2     7.2OOO      7.7000      7.4500     0.35355      4.746
CO  (grams/mi)      2   267.46      303.87      285.66      25.746        9.013
NOx (grams/mi)      2     8.5000      9.7100      9.1050     0.85560      9.397
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     5.200O      5.7000      5.4500     0.35355      6.487

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      2     8.1800      8.5600      8.3700     0.26870      3.210
CO  (grams/mi)      2   353.59      381.59      367.59      19.799        5.386
NOx (grams/mi)      2     8.5600     11.720      10.140      2.2345      22.036
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     4.2000      4.7000      4.4500     0.35355      7.945

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Oev     C.0.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      2     9.8600     11.250      10.555      0.98288      9.312
CO  (grams/mi)    •  2   444.00      553.67      498.83      77.548       15.546
NOx (grams/mi)      2     8.1000      8.9100      8.5O50     0.57276      6.734
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.60OO      4.3000      3.9500     0.49497     12.531

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 6 mph per sec  • •>

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean        Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      2     3.0800      8.590O      5.8350     3.8962   .   66.773
CO  (grams/mi)      2   422.92      495.85      459.38      51.569       11.226
NOx (grams/mi)      2     7.4100      8.8200      8.1150     0.99702     12.286
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     4.0000      4.6000      4.3000     0.42426      9.867

-------
                                        -68-
                                     Table D22

         Acceleration Cycles, with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed
           ^
                                 Chevrolet Impala
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum '

HC  (grams/mi)      3    24.950      28.180
CO  (grams/mi)      3    19.840      25.800
NOx (grams/mi)      3     7.8200      8.6900
Fuel Economy (mpg)  3     3.3000      3.4000

       Acceleration from 0 to 60 at WOT

Variable            N   Mini mum     Maximum

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Mean
3
3
3
3
12.390
0.74000
7 . 5200
6 . 9000
13.420
2 . 8800
7.7100
7 . 2000
26.563
23.647
 8.1167
 3.3667
Mean

12.833
 1.6200
 7.6200
 7.0667
       Acceleration from 0 to 30-mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      7     9.4300     28.410      13.296
CO  (grams/mi)      7    66.880     192.40      102.27
NOx (grams/mi)      7    23.340      30.530      26.890
Fuel Economy (mpg)  7     3.4000      5.7000      4.6000

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      7     9.2500     15.530      12.083
CO  (grams/mi)      7    65.280     217.56      120.33
NOx (grams/mi)      7    27.220      38.670      32.739
Fuel Economy (mpg)  7     2.9000      4.8000      3.8857

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 8 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi )      7
CO  (grams/mi )      7
NOx (grams/mi)      7
Fuel Economy (mpg)  7
Std Dev

1.6150
3.3061
0.49662
0.057735
Std Dev

0.52975
1.1195
0.095394
0.15275
            Std Dev

            6.7945
           44.059
            2.5262
            0.721 1 1
            Std Dev

            2.2120
           61 .517
            3.8666
            O.69144
            Std Dev
7
7
7
7
1 1 . 080
64.370
25. 170
1 . 9000
22.290
628.47
37.900-
4 . 20OO
14.633
202 . 09
32.541
3.4143
4.0165
204.48
4.7557
0.84741
            Std Dev
3
3
3
3
1 7 . 500
364 . 14
32.240
2 . 200O
18.870
455. 13
36.680
2 . 4000
17.963
403.43
33.860
2 . 3000
0.78526
46.749
2.4512
0. 1OOOO
            Std Dev
5. 1800
3.4200
6 . 0900
4.50OO
9.3100
372.43
10.560
10.800
7.2043
•124.06
7.9243
8 . 2000
1 .2990
156.02
1 .5513
2.6696
C.O.V.

 6.080
13.981
 6. 118
 1.715
                        C.O.V.
            C.O.V.

            51.102
            43.O81
             9.395
            15.676
            C.O.V.

            18.307
            51 . 124
            1 1 .810
            17.794
                        C.O.V.

                        27.448
                       1O1.183
                        14.614
                        24.819
                        C.O.V.
                        C.O.V.

                        18.031
                       125.762
                        19.576
                        32.556
       Acceleration  from 30  to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec  (Test numbers  1 to 4 only)

Variable             N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC   (grams/mi)       4     6.4900      7.5800      6.9675     0.4544       6.522
CO   (grams/mi)       4     3.4200      7.120O      4.9350     1.6078      32.579
NOx  (grams/mi)       4     6.0900      8.2100      7.1000     0.8970      12.634
Fuel  Economy  (mpg)   4     9.5000      10.800      10.225      0.6752       6.603

-------
                                        -69-
                               Table D22 (Continued)

     Acceleration Cycles, with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed (Continued)

                                 Chevrolet Impala

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec (Test numbers 5 to 7 only)

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean        Std Dev    ' C.0.V.
3
3
3
3
5. 1800
2O9 . 95
7 . 2200
4 . 5000
9.3100
372.43
10.560
6 . 9000
7 . 5200
282.89
9.0233
5 . 5000
2. 1192
82.503
1 .6859
1 .2490
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)       7     6.6700      9.9900      8.4829
CO  (grams/mi)       7     0.0       469.75      173.82
NOx (grams/mi)       7     4.1600      6.7700      5.8171
Fuel Economy (mpg)  7     4.3000     11.800       8.5714
  Std Dev

  1.2773
216.36
  0.93527
  3.5785
              28.181
              29.165
              18.684
              22.709
 C.O.V.

 15.057
124.474
 16.078
 41.749
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec (Test numbers 1  to 4 only)

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      4     6.6700      9.7100      8.0650     1.2836      15.915
CO  (grams/mi)      4     0.0         8.5800      2.7725 '    3.9279     141.675
NOx (grams/mi)      4     4.1600      6.4900      5.6575     1.0297      18.201
Fuel Economy (mpg)  4    11.000      11.800      11.425      0.3304       2.892

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec (Test numbers 5  to 7 only)

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.
3
3
3
3
7 . 6000
347.29
4.9500
4 . 3000
9 . 9900
469.75
: 6.7700
5 . 3000
9 . 0400
401 .87
6 . O300
4.7667
1 .2681
62.303
0.9565
0.5O33
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
  Std Dev
6
6
6
6
8 . 2800
0.0
5 . 0000
3 . 6000
'11 .020
528.86
9.0100
1 3 . 900
9.5500
243.71
6 . 7400
8.2333
1 .0843
268.76
1 .6097
4.6945
              14.028
              15.503
              15.862
              10.559
              C.O.V.

              11.354
             110.279
              23.883
              57.018
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec (Test numbers 1 to 4 only)

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.

HC  (grams/mi)      3     8.2800      8.8800      8.6167     0.3066       3.559
CO  (grams/mi)      3     0.0         0.2400      0.0800     0.1386     173.205
NOx (grams/mi)      3     5.0000      5.7800      5.4833     0.4222       7.699
Fuel Economy (mpg)  3    11.100      13.900      12.433      1.4O48      11.298

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec (Test numbers 5 to 7 only)

Variable            N   Mi nimum     Max imum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
3 .
3
3
3
10.090
431 .57
6 . 6000
3 . 6000
11 .020
528.86
9.0100
4 . 5000
10.483
487.34
7.9967
4.0333
0.4813
50. 185
1 .2499
. 0.45O9
               4.591
              10.298
              15.630
              11.180
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 6 mph per sec (Only tests 5 to 7 run)

Variable            N   Mi nimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev     C.O.V.
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
3
3
3
3
7 . 7600
342.02
6 . 8600
3 . 5000
1 1 . 030
553.46
9.8500
5 . 3OOO
9 . 5OOO
445.27
8.0433
4.3667
1 .6451
105.81
1 .5895
0.90185
              17.317
              23.763
              19.762
              20.653

-------
                                        -70-
                                     Table D23

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                 Pontiac Firebird
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum
                                                 Mean
                                                             Std Dev
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi)
CO (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpgj
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
FXiel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
2 130.85
2 630.98
2 0 . 53000
2 2 . 6000
from 0 to 60 mph
N Minimum
2 51. 900
2 597.81
2 1 . 5500
2 3 . 7000
from 0 to 30 mph
N Mini mum
2 0 . 66000
2 2.8100
2 2 . 3300
2 6 . 8OOO
from 0 to 30 mph
N Mini mum
2 0 . 78000
2 16.720
2 6 . 4800
2 4 . 7000 '
136.00
8 1 2 . 07
0 . 790OO
2 . 70OO
at WOT
Max 1 mum
57.780
612.25
1 . 6200
3 . 8000
at 3 mph
Maximum
1 . 1400
144.60
2 . 50OO
7.4000
at 4 mph
Maximum
1 . 0200
50 . 580
7 . 60OO
5 . 2000
from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph
N Minimum Maximum
2 7 . 670O
2 1 50 . 20
2 9 . 0700
2 3 . 2000
9. 1900
189.74
14.00O
3.6OOO
from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph
N Minimum Maximum
2 15.990
2 314.14
2 5 . 80OO
2 2 . 8000
56.470
511 .76
10.35O
3 . 500O
133.42
721 .52
0 . 66000
2 . 6500
Mean
54 . 840
605 . 03
1 .5850
3 . 7500
per sec
Mean
0 . 90000
73.705
2. 41 SO
7. 100O
per sec
Mean
0 . 90000
33.650
7 . 040O
4 . 950O
per sec
Mean
8 . 4300
169.97
11 .535
3 . 4000
per sec
Mean
36.230
412.95
8.075O
3. 1500
3.6416
128.05
0. 18385
0.070711
Std Dev
4. 1578
10.211
0.049497
0 . 0707 1 1
Std Dev
0.33941
100.26
0. 12021
0.42426
Std Dev
0. 16971
23.943
0.79196
0.35355
Std Dev
1 .0748
27.959
3 . 486O
0.28284
Std Dev
28.624
139.74
3.2173
0.49497
from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
N Minimum
2 3 . 7400
2 200 . 29
2 1 . 4500
2 8 . OOOO
Maximum
17.100
207.63
2 . 270O
8 . 8000
Mean
1O. 420
203 . 96
1 . 8600
8 . 40OO
from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
N Minimum Maximum Mean
2 13.170
2 428.23
2 1 . 38OO
2 5 . 0000
14.73O
528.26
3.4100
6 . 5000
13.95O
478.24
2.3950
5 . 7500
Std Dev
9.4469
5. 1902
0.57983
0.56569
Std Dev
1 . 1031
70.732
1 .4354
1 . 06O7
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                          2.729
                                                                         17.747
                                                                         27.856
                                                                          2.668
                                                                         C.O.V.
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         37.712
                                                                        136.029
                                                                          4 .978
                                                                          5.975
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         18.857
                                                                         71.153
                                                                         11.249
                                                                          7. 142
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         12.750
                                                                         16.449
                                                                         30.221
                                                                          8.319
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         79.006
                                                                         33.839
                                                                         39.843
                                                                         15.713
                                                                         C.O.V.
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                          7.908
                                                                         14.790
                                                                         59.933
                                                                         18.447

-------
                                        -71-
                                     Table D24

         Acceleration Cycles,  with Dynamomter Roll  Coupler Installed

                                 Pontiac Firebird
3
3
3
3
104.46 "
696.38
0 . 46000
3.1000
1 1 3 . 06
749.62
0 . 49OOO
3 . 3000
107.79
720.57
0.47667
3. 1667
4.6187
26.951
0.015275
0. 11547
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT

Var iable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)
                                                             Std Dev
3
3
3
3
0 . 28OOO
4 . 0400
2 . 29OO
6.00OO
7 . 9400
38.690
5 . 6900
8.50OO
                                                  2.8967
                                                 15.853
                                                  3.9067
                                                  6.9667
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Max i mum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      3     0.34OOO    45.150      15.317
CO  (grams/mi)      3    37.28O     329.32      134.84
NOx (grams/mi)      3     6.9000      9.3200      7.7300
Fuel Economy (mpg)  3     3.40OO      5.4000      4.5333
                                                             Std Dev
3
3
3
.3
39.510
513.95
0 . 66000
4.00OO
60.510
558. 12
1 . 3400
4.70OO
48.76O
530.09
1 .0100
4 . 40OO
10.721
24 . 368
0'. 34044
0.36056
 Std Dev

 4.3687
19.781
 1.7061
 1.3429
                                                             Std Dev

                                                            25.836
                                                           168.42
                                                             1 .3774
                                                             1.0263
                                                             Std Dev
3
3
3
3
1 . 94OO
249.72
1.6200
2.60OO
1O1 .22
725.04
1 3 . 500
3 . 8000
42.213
463.40
8.4533
3.0333
52.224
241 .26
6. 1382
0.66583
3
3
3
3
8 . 9800
313.73
0 . 58000
2 . 3000
103.91
641 .45
7.840O
4 . OOOO
58 . 300
519. 12
5.3267
3. 1667
47.574
178.96
4.1131
0.85049
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Var iable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph a£ 6 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/ml)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean        Std Dev

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variabl e            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	    Std Dev

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel  Economy (mpg)
3
3
3
3
2 . 9300
193.74
1 . 35OO
5 . 4000
16.380
509 . 1 5
2.21OO
9.2000
1O. 520
345.56
1 . 80OO
6.9000
6.8899
158.03
0.43139
2.0224
3
3
3
3
1O. 760
280.23
0 . 50000
5 . 1000
34.450
500.54
2 . 8700
8.200O
20.927
417. 17
1 .9033
6.3667
12. 196
1 19.53
1 .2439
1 .6258
                                                                         C.O.V.
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         21 .987
                                                                          4 .597
                                                                         33.707
                                                                          8. 195
 C.O.V.

15O.816
124.778
 43.671
 19.276
             C.O.V.

            168.675
            124.904
             17.819
             22.639
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                        123.715
                                                                         52.063
                                                                         72.613
                                                                         21 .951
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         81.602
                                                                         34.474
                                                                         77.217
                                                                         26.857
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         65.493
                                                                         45.732
                                                                         23.966
                                                                         29.310
                                                                         C.O.V.

                                                                         58.279
                                                                         28.653
                                                                         65.355
                                                                         25.536

-------
                                        -72-
                                     Table  D25
               Acceleration Cycles,  without  Dynamomter  Roll Coupler
                                 VW  Diesel  Rabbit
       Acceleration from 0 to 30  mph  at  WOT
Variable            N   Mln 1 mum    Maximum
Mean
                                                            Std Dev
                        C.O.V.
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi)
CO (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi)
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
2 4 . 4400
2 8.9100
2 3 . 6400
2 10.10O
from 0 to 60
N Minimum
2 . 5 . 7900
2 9 . 3900
2 2 . 0900
2 1 3 . 700
from 0 to 30
N Minimum
2 6.1600
2 13.670
2 4 . 9700
2 8 . 5OOO
from 0 to 30
N Minimum
2 5 . 90OO
2 14.010
2 3 . 98OO
2 5 . 6OOO
from 0 to 30
N Minimum
2 5.8200
2 15.830.
2 3 . 9600
2 4 . 9000
8.0000
10.970 •
3.6600
1 1 . 5OO
mph at WOT
Maximum
6.4600
1 1 . 190
2 . 2000
1 5 . 500
mph at 3 mph
Maximum
6.72OO
1 4 . 500
5 . 0600
9 . OOOO
mph at 4 mph
Maximum
7 . 65OO
23.570
5 . 6000
8 . 9000
mph at 5 mph
Maximum
8.4700
30. 1OO
6.230O
8 . 4OOO
6.2200
9 . 9400
3.6500
10.8OO

Mean
6.1250
10.290
2. 1450
1 4 . 600
per sec
Mean
6.4400
14.085
5.0150
8 . 7500
per sec
Mean
6.7750
18.790
4 . 7900
7 . 25OO
per sec
Mean
7. 1450
22.965
5.0950
6 . 6500
2.5173
1 .4566
0.014142
0.98995

Std Dev
0.47376
1 .2728
0.077782
1 .2728

Std Dev
0.39598
0.53690
0.063640
0.35355

Std Dev
1 .2374
6.7599
1 . 1455
2.3335

Std Dev
1 .8738
10.09O
1 . 605 1
2.4749
40.471
14.654
0.387
9. 166

C.O.V.
7.735
12.369
3.626
8.718

C.O.V.
6. 149
4. 167
1 .269
4.041

C.O.V.
18.264
35.976
23.914
32. 186

C.O.V.
26.225
43.936
31 .503
37.217

-------
                                        -73-

                                     Table D26

         Acceleration Cycles, with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed

                                 VW Diesel Rabbit
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
Var iable            N   Minimum     Maximum
                                                 Mean
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi)
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
3 3 . 4500
3 10.150
3 3 . 4900
3 9 . 5000
from 0 to 60
N Minimum
3 5 . 2600
3 10.40O
3 2 . 0800
3 13. 40O
from 0 to 30
N Minimum
3 7.9100
3 12.530
3 4 . 65OO
3 5 . 4000
from 0 to 30
N Minimum
3 3 . 2800
3 13.690
3 4 . 3900
3 6.1OOO
from 0 to 30
N Minimum
3 3.4100
3 10.230
3 1 . 8500
3 6 . 30OO
7 . 5800
1 1 . 1 20
3.770O
9.7OOO
mph at WOT
Maximum
6.3700
11 . 150
2 . 5000
14. 100
mph at 3 mph
Maximum
10. 160
21 .410
7.2100
9 . 30OO
mph at 4 mph
Maximum
13.480
21 .650
5 . 4400
9 . 3000
mph at 5 mph
Maximum
1 3 . 1 20
20. 100
5 . 5600
1 2 . 900
6.1000
10.710
3 . 6400
9.6000

Mean
5 . 9700
10.697
2.2900
13.800
per sec
Mean
9.3733
15.753
5 . 5800
7.8333
per sec
Mean
9.2133
16.710
4.7800
7 . 9OOO
per sec
Mean
9.6167
15.840
3.3367
9 . 0000
                                                             Std Dev
                                                             2.3002
                                                             0.50210
                                                             0.141O7
                                                             0.10000
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             0.61652
                                                             0.39879
                                                             0.21000
                                                             0.36056
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             1 .2685
                                                             4.9147
                                                             1.4163
                                                             2.1221
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             5.3003
                                                             4.3134
                                                             0.57472
                                                             1.6371
                                                             Std Dev

                                                             5.390O
                                                             5.0716
                                                             1 .9616
                                                             3.4598
C.O.V.

37.708
 4.688
 3.876
 1 .042
                                                                         C.O.V.
C.O.V.

13.533
31.198
25.382
27.091
C.O.V.

57.529
25.813
12.023
20.723
C.O.V.

56.048
32.018
58.789
38.442

-------
                                        -74-
                                     Table D27

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll  Coupler

                                  Saab 900 Turbo
3
3
3
3
0. 19000
131.12
1 . 8700
3 . 3000
0 . 39000
160. 3O
7 . 6500
5. 1000
0.31333
143.78
4. 1567
4 . 4000
0. 10786
14.967
3.0731
0.96437
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum

HC  (grams/mi )
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Mean
3
3
3
3
0.92000
9.9700
3 . 0800
6 . 5000
1 .4400
25.770
3 . 5600
7 . 9000
Mean
 1.2000
20.063
 3.3167
 7.2000
3
3
3
3
0.30000
13.740
6 . 4500
5.7000
0.770OO
1 13.89
9.72OO
6 . 8000
0 . 56000
49.603
8.4967
6. 1333
0.23896
55.798
1 .7837
O. 58595
3
3
3
3
0.47000
95.270
6 . 8900
4 . 3000
0.85000
133.37
16.720
6 . 2000
0.72000
120. 10
1 3 . 203
5.0333
0.21656
21 .520
5.4793
1 .0214
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Mini mum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      3     1.6500      5.55OO      3.9733
CO  (grams/mi)      3   100.66      136.92      118.28
NOx (grams/mi)      3     8.4400     27.540      15.923
Fuel Economy (mpg)  3     2.4000      2.9000      2.6000

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      3     0.83000     4.4000      2.9533
CO  (grams/mi)      3    71.620      86.87O      79.37O
NOx (grams/mi)      3     8.5200     17.530      12.517
Fuel Economy (mpg)  3     2.5000      3.2000      2.8000

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   M1n i mum     Max i mum      Mean
HC   (gcams/mi)
CO   (grams/mi)
NOx  (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
3
3
3
3
0 . 38000
11 .820
4 . 1 300
7 . 4000
0.70000
23.39O
5.5100
8.8000
 0.58333
15.993
 4.7233
 7.9667
            Std Dev
Std Dev

0.26230
8.7660
0.24007
0.70000
            Std Dev
            Std Dev
            Std Dev

            2.0544
           18. 152
           10.199
            0.26458
            Std Dev

            1.8787
            7.6281
            4.5902
            0.36O56
            Std Dev
3
3
3
3
0 . 1 7000
27.910
3 . 4900
6.0000
0 . 49000
32.22O
7 . 6700
7 . 8000
0 . 32000
30.243
6.0233
6.8OOO
0. 16093
2. 1770
2.2266
0.91652
Std Dev

0.17673
6.4233
0.71002
0.7371 1
                        C.D.V.

                        34.424
                        10.410
                        73.931
                        21.917
C.O.V.

21.858
43.692
 7.238
 9.722
                        C.O.V.

                        42.671
                       112.489
                        20.993
                         9.554
                        C.O.V.

                        30.078
                        17.918
                        41.500
                        20.293
            C.O.V.

            51.705
            15.347
            64.052
            10.176
            C.O.V.

            63.614
             9.611
            36.672
            12.877
                        C.O.V.

                        50.291
                         7. 198
                        36.966
                        13.478
C.O.V.

30.297
40.163
15.032
 9.252

-------
                                        -75-
                               Table D27 (Continued)

      Acceleration Cycles,  without Dynamomter Roll  Coupler  (Continued)

                                  Saab 900 Turbo
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minjmura     Maximum      Mean
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Acceleration
Variable
HC (grams/mi )
CO (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)
3
3
3
3
from
N
1
1
1
1
0.69000
4 . 0000
1 . 3500
8 . 7000
30 to 60
Minimum
1 .8100
2 . 6500
1 . 1000
1 1 .800
1 . 5000
6.7100
2 . 5300
13. 1OO
mph at 6 mph
Maximum
1 .8100
2.6500
1 . 1000
11 .800
1 . 1 133
5 . 0300
2 . 0400
10.200
per sec
Mean
1 .8100
2 . 6500
1. 1000
1 1 . 800
Std Dev

0.40624
1 .4673
0.61490
2.5120
                                                             Std Dev

                                                              N.A.
                                                              N.A.
                                                              N.A.
                                                              N.A.
C.O.V.

36.490
29. 171
30.142
24.627
            C.O.V.

             N.A.
             N.A.
             N.A.
             N.A.

-------
                                        -76-
                                     Table 028

         Acceleration Cycles, with Dynamomter Roll Coupler Installed

                                  Saab 900 Turbo
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.3500     39.310      20.330
CO  (grams/mi)      2   138.59       143.05      140.82
NOx (grams/mi)      2     4.0700      5.8200      4.9450
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.9000      4.0000      3.9500

       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT
Variable            N   Mini mum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.0100     14.960       7.985O
CO  (grams/mi)      2     8.6200     42.140      25.380
NOx (grams/mi)      2     1.2000      3.1200      2.1600
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     6.4000     14.0OO      1O.2OO

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
2
2
2
2
0.31OOO
15.270
5 . 0700
4 . 800O
0 . 320OO
21 .380
9 . 1 200
4 . 90OO
 0.315OO
18.325
 7.0950
 4.8500
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.3700       1.4700      1.420O
CO  (grams/ml)      2    21.140      31.730      26.435
NOx (grams/mi)      2     8.1200       9.5400      8.8300
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.800O       3.9000      3.8500

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)      2     2.2200       2.5700      2.3950
CO  (grams/mi)      2    94.210      96.410      95.310
NOx (grams/mi)      2     9.3600     12.000      1O.680
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     2.5000       2.9000      2.7000

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)      2     3.5800       6.7300      5.1550
CO  (grams/mi)      2    39.450      92.860      66.155
NOx (grams/mi)      2    11.550      12.02O      11.785
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     2.3000       2.5OOO      2.4000

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph  at 3 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
2
2
2
2
0 . 30OOO
5 . 6700
2 . 3900
6 . 0000
0.51OOO
28.010
5 . 5700
1 1 . 600
 0.40500
16.840
 3.9800
 8.8000
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
2
2
2
2
0 . 46000
5 . 78OO
2.7300
6 . 8000
0 . 52000
6 . 6400
3 . 7700
9 . 9000
 0.49000
 6.2100
 3.2500
 8.3500
       Acceleration from 30  to 60 mph at 5 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum      Max i mum      Mean	
HC  (grams/mi)      2      1.0100      1.4000       1.2050
CO  (grams/mi)      2      3.7300      5.7100      4.7200
NOx (grams/mi)      2      2.2100      2.4200      2.315O
Fuel Economy .(mpg)  2     10.000       11.7OO       10.850
            Std Dev

           26.842
            3.1537
            1.2374
            0.070711
            Std Dev

            9.8641
           23.702
            1.3576
            5.3740
 Std Dev  '
 O.OO70711
 4.3204
 2.8638
 0.070711
            Std Dev

            0.070711
            7.4883
            1.OO41
            0.070711
            Std Dev

           .0.24749
            1.5556
            1.8668
            0.28284
            Std Dev

            2.2274
           37.767
            0.33234
            0.14142
 Std Dev

 0.14849
15.797
 2.2486
 3.9598
 Std Dev

 0.042426
 0.60811
 0.73539
 2.192O
            Std Dev

            0.27577
            1.4001
            0.14849
            1.2021
             C.O.V.

            132.031
              2.240
             25.O23
              1 .790
             C.O.V.

            123.533
             93.388
             62.852
             52.686
C.O.V.

 2.245
23.577
40.364
 1 .458
             C.O.V.

              4.980
             28.327
             11.371
              1 .837
             C.O.V.

             10.334
              1 .632
             17.479
             10.476
             C.O.V.

             43.209
             57.089
              2.820
              5.893
C.O.V.

36.664
93.806
56.497
44.998
                                                                         C.O.V.
             C.O.V.

             22.885
             29.663
              6.414
             11.079

-------
                                         -77-
                                     Table 029

               Acceleration Cycles, without Dynamomter Roll Coupler

                                     Volvo GL
4
4
4
4
0.51000
2 . 9400
3 . 0300
5 . 200O
1 . 8700
6. 1700
4.3100
5 . 9000
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi )
Fuel Economy (mpg)

       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum

HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
_Mean
4
4
4
4
0 . 24000
4.8100
2.9300
6 . 8000
0.90000
16.640
5.6300
7 . 2000
 0.890OO
 4.6750
 3.5025
 5.5000
 Mean	

 0.60250
 11.272
 4.5550
 7.0250
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec
Var1able            N   Mini mum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy (mpg)
4
4
4
4
0.71000
20.060
5 . 890O
5 . 6000
1 .250O
44.410
9 . O80O
5.800O
  1.0250
 33.105
  8.0225
  5.7250
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      4     0.94000     1.3900      1.2175
CO  (grams/mi)      4    19.380      41.370      33.972
NOx (grams/mi)      4     7.8500     13.050      10.887
Fuel Economy  (mpg)  4     4.0OOO      4.500O      4.2OOO

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi )
NOx (grams/ml)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
4
4
4
4
0.610OO
3.8800
5 . 5500
3.000O
2.9100
66 . 340
20.520
4 . 7000
  1.5875
 28.377
 11.355
  3.8000
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Max i mum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
4
4
4
4
0.8600O
8 . 7800
7.510O
2 . 9000
2 . 2500
56.250
19.360
5. 1000
  1.3950
 23.800
 11.512
  3.9000
       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per sec
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean
HC  (grams/mi)
CO  (grams/mi)
NOx (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
4
4
4
4
0 . 320OO
2.6000
1 . 33OO
7. 1000
0 . 65000
7 . 8600
3 . 1 90O
9 . 9000
  0.46750
  4.2800
  2.5825
  8.700O
       Acceleration  from  30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable             N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC   (grams/mi)
CO   (grams/mi)
NOx  (grams/mi)
Fuel Economy  (mpg)
4
4
4
4
0.320OO
1 . 630O
1 . 8700
9.3OOO
0.450OO
4.80OO
2 . 7000
10.700
 Std Dev

 0.65488
 1.3364
 0.56151
 0.31623
 Std Dev

 0.29669
 4.9636
 1.1747
 0.20616
 Std Dev

 0.22650
10.890
 1.4450
 0.095743
             Std  Dev

             0.19500
             9.9371
             2.3065
             0.24495
 Std Dev

 1.0263
27.487
 6.5138
 0.92736
 Std Dev

 0.66345
21.882
 5.4137
 1 .1165
 Std Dev

 0. 14477
 2.4133
 0.85094
 1.2987
             Std Dev
C.O.V.

73.582
28.586
16.032
 5.750
C.O.V.

49.243
44.035
25.789
 2.935
C.O.V.

22.098
32.895
18.012
 1 .672
             C.O.V.

             16.016
             29.251
             21.186
              5.832
C.O.V.

64.649
96.864
57.365
24.404
C.O.V.

47.559
91.941
47.027
28.628
C.O.V.

30.967
56.385
32.95O
14.928
                         C.O.V.
0.38500
3.3325
2. 1900
10.075
O.O64550
1 .5449
0.35805
0.57951
16.766
46.359
16.349
5.752

-------
                                       -78-

                                     Table D30

         Acceleration Cycles, with Dvnamomter Roll Coupler Installed

                                     Volvo GL
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at WOT
Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum
                                                 Mean
HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.84000
CO  (grams/mi)      2     5.3300
NOx (grams/mi)      2     4.5400
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     4.0000
0.96000
7.5200
4.9600
4.6000
       Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph at WOT

Variable            N   Mi nimum     Maximum

HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.7200O     0.99000
CO  (grams/mi)      2     8.4200     12.140
NOx (grams/mi)      2     4.7100      4.7800
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     6.1000      6.6000
0.9OOOO
6.4250
4.7500
4.3000
           Mean	

            0.85500
           10.280
            4.7450
            6.3500
       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 3 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.56000     1.0100      0.78500
CO  (grams/mi)      2     3.6800     24.O50      13.865
NOx (grams/mi)      2     5.0400      8.1000      6.5700
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     5.2OOO      5.2000      5.2000

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 4 mph per sec

Variable            N   M1nimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.3600      1.6400      1.500O
CO  (grams/mi)      2    25.050      25.220      25.135
NOx (grams/mi)      2     4.6400      8.8900      6.7650
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     3.6000      3.8000      3.7000

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 5 mph per sec

Variable            N   M1nimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.94000     2.2600      1.600O
CO  (grams/mi)      2     5.7400     40.780      23.260
NOx (grams/mi)      2     4.6600     10.500       7.5800
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     2.8000      3.1000      2.9500

       Acceleration from 0 to 30 mph at 6 mph per sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Max i mum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2     1.4200      2.5100      1.9650
CO  (grams/ml)      2     19.370      38.990      29.180
NOx (grams/ml)      2     6.8500     10.310       8.5800
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     2.9OOO      3.8000      3.3500

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 3 mph per  sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean	

HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.5100O     0.52000     0.51500
CO  (grams/ml)      2     5.2300      5.2400      5.2350
NOx (grams/ml)      2     2.1500      2.8500      2.5000
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     8.2000      8.5000      8.3500

       Acceleration from 30 to 60 mph at 4 mph per  sec

Variable            N   Minimum     Maximum      Mean

HC  (grams/mi)      2     0.38000     0.3900O     0.38500
CO  (grams/ml)      2     2.6800      3.5300      3.1050
NOx (grams/mi)      2     1.660O      1.7300      1.6950
Fuel Economy (mpg)  2     10.600      10.700      10.650
Std Dev

0.084853
1.5486
0.29698
0.42426
           Std Dev

           0.19092
           2.6304
           0.049497
           0.35355
                       Std Dev

                       0.31820
                      14.4O4
                       2.1637
                       0.0
                       Std Dev

                       0.19799
                       0.12021
                       3.0052
                       0.14142
                       Std Dev

                       0.93338
                      24.777
                       4.1295
                       0.21213
                       Std Dev

                       0.77075
                       13.873
                       2.4466
                       0.63640
                       Std Dev

                       0.0070711
                       0.0070711
                       0.49497
                       0.21213
                       Std Oev

                       0.0070711
                       0.60104
                       0.049497
                       0.070711
C.O.V.

 9.428
24.103
 6.252
 9.867
            C.O.V.

            22.330
            25.588
             1 .043
             5.568
                       C.O.V.

                       40.535
                      103.887
                       32.933
                        0.0
                       C.O.V.

                       13.199
                        0.478
                       44.423
                        3.822
                       C.O.V.

                       58.336
                      106.522
                       54.479
                        7. 191
                       C.O.V.

                       39.224
                       47.543
                       28.515
                       18.997
                                   C.O.V.
                       C.O.V.

                         1 .837
                       19.357
                         2.920
                         0.664

-------
         -79-




      Appendix E










Ambient Test Conditions

-------
                                    -80-

                                 Table  E1

                         Ambient  Test Conditions
Impala
Firebird
Rabbit
Saab
Vol vo
TEST*

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DYNO
• CLPD
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
.NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
TEMP(DRY)
C F)
66
70
69
68
62
72
66
68
68
74.
68
70
67
68
72
77
74
70
78
72
68
73
70
70
70
74
74
62
68
68
68
68
64
72
70
76
65
75
66
63
66
70
64
64
70
66
68
72
64
66
64
62
65
62
62
62
64
58
58
52
50
54

60
54
53
50
55
6O
6O
54

52
58
54
54-
58
56
62
52
58

56
58
56
52
52
52
56
56

59
56
58
58
54
56
56
54
HUMIDITY
(%)
77
70
72
83
42
49
42
24
24
78
74
70
75
83
49
41
21
20
23
58
39
27
21
40
61
54
29
41
55
39
39
55
54
66
28
42
52
44
51
40
35
28
54
55
56
50
55
49
46
51
55
49
BAROM
i±
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
ol_
.63
.59
.61
.63
.64
.77
.95
.97
.84
.60
.60
.57
.61
.61
.59
.77
.95
.97
.72
.69
.85
.00
.87
.76
.73
.82
.96
.83
.77
.80
.86
.86
.86
.90
.76
.75
.95
.82
.60
.60
.72
.63
.57
.24
.93
.78
.82
.63
.56
.64
.26
.60
ODOMETER
(mi les)
5169
5216
5292
5337
5410
5450
5482
5506
5538
85859
85900
86072
86088
86122
86189
86373
86449
86479
86491
16404
16478
16501
16512
16608
16620
16682
16712
14581
14617
14548
14570
14450
14461
14496
14507
14529
7067
7109
7172
7183
7201
7214
7249
7291
17923
17969
17980
17994
18169
18182
18193
,., 18204

-------
                                    -81-
                                Appendix F-l
Comparisons among the vehicles of Emissions and Fuel Economy During FTP
Cycles.
(These graphs are based on data in Tables Dl through D6 of Appendix D.)

-------
                                           -82-
                         Comparison of HC Emissions  (grams per mile)
                                    During FTP Test  Cycles
      5.0
      4.5   +
      4.0   +

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
      0.80
      0.70
      0.60
      0.50
      0.40
      0.30
      0.20
      O. 15  +
       0.0
                                                                BABBIT OIESEt
                       I
I
I
I
                  Uncoupled      Coupled       Uncoupled      Coupled

                  	   Clipped  FTP   	       --   Undipped  FTP   --

-------
                                           -83-
                         Comparisen of CO  Emissions  (grams  per mile)
                                    During FTP Test  Cycles
      46.0  +


      44.0  +


      42.0  +


      40.0  +


      38.0  +


      36.0  +


      34.0  +

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANGING!!


       8.O  +
                                          •70 IHPili
       7.O
       6.0
       5.0
       4.0
       3.0
       2.0
        1 .0
       0.0
                       4.
I
                                   .4 .
                                    I
                                                . 4 .  .  .
                                                           •  • 4 K181M DIESEl
I
I
                  Uncoupled      Coupled

                  ---   Clipped FTP  	
                       Uncoupled     Coupled

                       --  Unclipped FTP  —

-------
  6.0
       5.5  +
                                             -84-

                         Comparisen  of  NOx Emissions (grams per mile)
                                     During FTP Test Cycles
       5.O
                                                                 •70 IHPALA
       4.5  +


CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
       1 .6
       1.4
       1.2
       1 .0
       0.8
       0.6
       0.5
                                                               4 RABBIT DIESEL
       0.0
                       I
I
_L
                   Uncoupled     Coupled

                   	   Clipped FTP  	
I
          Uncoupled     Coupled

          --  Unclipped FTP  --

-------
                                     -85-
40.0
38.0
36.0
35.0
                  Comparison of Fuel Economy (miles per gallon)
                              During FTP Test Cycles
                                                     '  . 4 R«BBM DIESEL
20.0
18.0
16.0  +
14.0
12.0
10.0


 0.0
I
I
I
I
            Uncoupled     Coupled

            	  Clipped FTP  	
                       Uncoupled     Coupled

                       --   Unclipped FTP   —

-------
                                    -86-
                                Appendix F-2
Comparisons Among the Test Vehicles of Emissions (grams per mile) During the
Acceleration Cycles.
(These graphs are based on data in Tables D19 through D30 from Appendix D.)
The dotted line indicates the rate (3.3 mph/sec) at which the accelerations
were "clipped" to create the standard FTP.

-------
                                         -87-

                         Comparison of HC  Emissions  (grams per mile)
                             During Accelerations  from 0 to 30 MPH
                             With  Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
135.0
130.0
 40.0
 35.0
 30.0
 25.0
 20.0
 15.0
 10.0
  5.0
  0.0
                                     345

                                  Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                                 WOT

-------
                                               -88-
     120.0
     100.0
      80.0
                              Comparison of HC Emissions (grams per mile)
                                  During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
      60.0
      40.0

CAUTION:  SCALE fs CHANCING!!
                                                                           ' I

                                                                           I
      30.0
      25.0  +•
      20.0
      15.0
      10.0
       5.0
       0.0
                                                                                        6  sue
                                                                                        4  K18BIT
                                                                                        1 'HIKf
                                                                                        I  VOL V
                                          345

                                        Acceleration  Rate  (mph/sec)
WOT

-------
                                                 -89-
       750
       700
       600
       SOO
                              Comparison of CO Emissions (grams per mile)
                                  During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                                  With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
       400  +


       350  +

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
                                                                                       3 F.B
       250
       200
       150
       100
        50
                                                                                       1  PI
                                          345

                                       Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                                      WOT

-------
                                                -90-

                              Comparison of CO Emissions (grams per mile)
                                  During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
       750
       700
       600
       500
       400
       350
CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANGING!!
       250  •*•
       200
       150
       100
        50
                                                                                        1 MKTO
                                          345

                                       Acceleration Rate  (mph/sec)
                                                                                      WOT

-------
                                           -91-
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
 5.0
 0.0
                        Comparison  of  NOx  Emissions  (grams  per  mile)
                            During  Accelerations  from 0  to  30 MPH
                            With  Dynamometer  Rollers not  Coupled
                                                	4	   1
                                                               " * • • *
                                    345

                                 Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                                WOT

-------
                                         -92-
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
 5.0
 0.0
                        Comparison of  NOx Emissions  (grams  per  mile)
                            During Accelerations  from  0  to  30 MPH
                              With Dynamometer  Rollers Coupled
   345

Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                                WOT

-------
                                        -93-


                        Comparison of HC Emissions  (grams per mile)
                           During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                           With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
14.0
13.5
11.0  •*•
10.0
 9.O
 8.0
 7.0
 6.0
 5.0
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
                          2345

                            Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                                -94-
                              Comparison of  HC Emissions (grams per mile)
                                 During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
      21 .0  +



      20.0


      19.0  +



      18.0  +


      17.0


      16.0  't-


      is.0


      14.0


      13.0  +


      12.0


      11 .0


      10.0  +


       9.0


       8.0
       7.0

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!


       1.5  +
       1 .0
       0.5
       0.0
                                                              6  stig
                                2345

                                  Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                          -95-
5OO
450
4OO
350  •*•
300
250
200
                       Comparison of CO Emissions (grams per mile)
                          During Accelerations from 30 to 6O MPH
                           With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
                                                                 2  IMP
 35
 30
 25
 20
 15
  10
  5  •*•
                                             1   P1HI
                         2345

                           Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                              -96-

                              Comparison of CO Emissions (grams per mile)
                                 During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
       450
       4OO
       350
       3OO
       250
       200
       150
       1OO
CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANGING!!
        40
        30
        20
         10  •»•
                                                              1   PINTO
                                2345

                                  Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                       -97-
11.0
10.0
 9.0
 8.0
 7.0
 6.0
 5.0
 4.0
 3.0
 2.0
 1 .0
 0.0
                        Comparison of NOx Emissions  (grams per mile)
                           During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                            Witn Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
                          2345

                            Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                         -98-
10.0
 9.0
 8.0
 7.O
 6.0
 5.O
 4.O
 3.0
 2.0
 1 .0
 0.0
                        Comparison of NOx Emissions (grams per mile)
                           Dun-ing Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                              With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
                                                        1  PINTO
                          2345

                            Acceleration Rate (mpn/sec)

-------
                                   -99-
                                Appendix F-3
Comparisons Among the Test Vehicles of Total Emissions During the
Acceleration Cycles.
(These graphs are based on data in Tables D7 through D18 from Appendix D.)
The dotted line indicates the rate (3.3 mph/sec) at which the accelerations
were "clipped" to create the standard FTP.

-------
                                             -100-

                         Coinparison of Total HC Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                  During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                                  With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
       4.0
       3.0
       2.0
       •1 .0
CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
       1 .0  +


       O.9  +


       0.8  +


       0.7  +


       0.6  +


       0.5  +


       0.4  +


       0.3  +



       0.2  •»•


       0. 1  +


       0.0  +
                      2  IMP!
* 4 _
                                    •4 BABBIT
                                2345

                                  Acceleration  Rate  (mph/sec)
                                                                                       WOT

-------
                                              -101-
                         Comparison of Total HC Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                  During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
       4.0  +



       3.0  +



       2.0  +



       1 .0  +

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!


       1 .0  +



       0.9


       0.8



       0.7



       0.6  +



       0.5


       0.4



       O.3  +



       O.2  +



       0.1  +



       O.O
PIHIO
VOLVO
                                2345

                                  Acceleration  Rate  (mph/sec)
                                                                                       WOT

-------
                                              -102-

                         Comparison of Total  CO  Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                  During  Accelerations  from 0 to 30 MPH
                                  With Dynamometer  Rollers not Coupled
        24
        22
        20
        18  +•
        16
        14
        12
        10
CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
                                                                         2  IMP!
                                                                                        3 F . BUD
        10
                                                                               *•• •» ^   4 ««8»II
                                                                                      •~7 VIHUO
                                 2345

                                   Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                                       WOT

-------
                                             -103-

                         Comparison of Total CO Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                  During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
        24
        22
        20
        18
        16
        14
        12
        10
CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
                                                                                        3  F.BIRD
        10
                                          .+ .


                                2345


                                  Acceleration  Rate  (mph/sec)
                                                                                          S»«B
                                                                                          PINTO

-------
                                       -104-

                  Comparison of Total NOx Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                           During Accelerations from 0 to 30 MPH
                           With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
1 .5  +
1.4
1 .3  +
1 .2  +
1 . 1
1 .0  +
0.9
0.8
O.7
0.6
O.5
O.4
O.3
0.2
0. 1
0.0
                         2345

                           Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                               WOT

-------
                                      -105-
                  Comparison of  Total  NOx Emissions  (grams per maneuver)
                           During Accelerations  from 0  to 30  MPH
                             With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
1.5  +



1.4  +



1.3  +



1.2  +



1.1



1 .0



0.9



0.8



0.7



0.6  +



0.5  +



0.4  +



0.3  +



0.2



0. 1



0.0
                         2345

                           Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)
                                                                               WOT

-------
                                             -106-
      3.0
      2.5
      2.0
      1 .5
      1 .0   +
                         Comparison of Total HC Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                 During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                                  With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
      0.5   +
CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANGING!!
                                                   ,3  r.s
      O.20
      0. 15  +
      0. 10
      0.05
      0.00
                                2345

                                  Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
      3.0
      2.5
      2.0
      1..5
      1.0
                                              -107-

                         Comparison of Total  HC Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                 During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
      0.5   +

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANCING!!
      0.20
      0.15
      0. 10  +
      0.05
      O.OO
                                2345

                                  Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                      -108-

Comparison of Total CO Emissions (grams per maneuver)
        During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
         With Dynamometer Rollers not Coupled
ou.u •"
55.0 -i
50.0 H
45.0 -i
40 . 0 -i
35.0 H
30.0 -i
25.0 -i
CAUTION: SC>
6.0 i
5.0 •
4.0 •
3.0 •
2.0 •
1 .0 •
0.0

•
•
•
2 	 ,
h /
.
3
.
ULE IS CHANGING!!
k
1
•
•
6
\
\
*
t-
f
i- + 	 + 	 +
1 2 3
3 r .Bi RD
/
/ /2\
A-/ 2



^^
1 PI NTO

\
6
"•• 7 uoiuo "~~~~^~«-1>-ii
+ 	 + 	 +
456
         Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                               -109-
      60.0


      55.0  +•


      50.0  +


      45.0


      40.0


      35.0  +


      30.0  +


      25.0


      20.0  't-
      is.0  +

CAUTION:  SCALE IS CHANGING!!
                         Comparison of Total  CO Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                                 During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                                    With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
,3  F.BIRD
b .U i
5.0 H
4.0 H
3.0 H
2.0 H
1.0 •
O.O
i

K
6
N
7 ^
i- + 	 + 	 + ..




\ 	 	 	
^^^" 7 VOLVO
                                23         4         5

                                  Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                       -110-
                   Comparison  of  Total  NOx  Emissions  (grams  per  maneuver)
                           During Accelerations  from  30  to 60  MPH
                            With  Dynamometer  Rollers  not Coupled
1.3
1.2   +
1 .0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0. 1   +
0.0
                          2345

                            Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                       -Ill-
                   Comparison of Total  NOx Emissions (grams per maneuver)
                           During Accelerations from 30 to 60 MPH
                              With Dynamometer Rollers Coupled
1.3
1.2
1.0   +



0.9   +



0.8   +



0.7   +



0.6   +



0..5   +



0.4   +



0.3   +



0.2   +



0. 1   +



0.0   +
2  IMP!
                          2345

                            Acceleration Rate (mph/sec)

-------
                                    -112-

                                Appendix G-l
Comparisons of the Average Total HC Emissions (grams)  during the Various
Acceleration Cycles.
(These histograms are based on data in Tables D7 through D18 in Appendix D.)

-------
                                -113-
    VEHICLE  1  (  1980 FORD PINTO)

  ,30
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                                                    OTNO  1  (UNCOUPLED)

                                                    OTNO  2  (COUPLED)
     0-30     0-30     0-30    30-60    30-60
         0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
       HOT  HOT 3»>4»5»6*3*U*5*6*
    VEHICLE 2 ( 1970 CHEV IMPRLfl)

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       HOT  HOT 3*ll*5*6»3»U»5»6*
                                                   LflBLES  CRPTION

                                                   OYNO  1  (UNCOUPLED)

                                                   OTNO  2  (COUPLED)

-------
                              -114-


 VEHICLE 3  ( 1980 PONT FIREBIRD  )

10 .
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                                          flCCEL
                                                  LflBLES  CflPTION

                                                  DTNO  1  (UNCOUPLED)

                                                  DTNO  2  (COUPLED)
     0-30     0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
        0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
      NOT  NOT 3*4*5*6*3»4*5«6«
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                                                  DYNO 2  (COUPLED)
    0-30     0-30     0-30    30-60   30-60
        0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
      NOT  NOT  3»1*5»6*3»U»5»6»

-------
                                -115-



   VEHICLE 6  ( 1980 SRRB 900 TURBO  )

1.50
                                           ACCEL
 1.25
il.OO
0.75
  50
0.25
0.0
                                                   LRBLES CRPTION

                                                   OTNO 1 (UNCOUPLED)

                                                   OYNO 2 (COUPLED)
      0-30     0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
         0-60    0-30    0-30    30-80    30-60
       HOT  HOT 3»1«5»6»3*H*5«6«
    VEHICLE 7 ( 1980 VOLVO  GL )

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                                                    OTNO  2  (COUPLED)
      0-30     0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
          0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
       HOT  HOT 3*H»5*6*3»4*5*6*

-------
                                   -116-
                                Appendix G-2
Comparisons of the Average Total. CO Emissions (grams) during the Various
Acceleration Cycles.
(These histograms are based on data in Tables D7 through D18 in Appendix D.)

-------
                               -117-
   VEHICLE  1  (  1980 FORD PINTO)
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                                                 OTNO 2  (COUPLED)
    0-30     0-30     0-30    30-60    30-60
        0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60    30-60
      HOTHOT3#U«5«8*3*ii*5»8*
 VEHICLE 2  (  1970  CHEV  IMPflLfl)

50
                                           ACCEL
  40

-------
                               -113-


  VEHICLE 3  ( 1980 PONT  FIREBIRD  )

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          0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60   30-60
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    VEHICLE 4 ( VH DIESEL RRBBIT )

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                                                    OYNO 1 (UNCOUPLED)

                                                    OTNO 2 (COUPLED)
      0-30    0-30    0-30    30-60   30-60
          0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60   30-60
       HOT HOT 3»l4»5*6*3»H»5»6*

-------
                                -119-
   VEHICLE 6 ( I960 SflflB 900 TURBO )
RCCEL
4.0
X
I3-0
e
0
-.2.0

-------
                                    -120-
                                Appendix G-3
Comparisons of the Average Total NOx Emissions (grams) during the Various
Acceleration Cycles.
(These histograms are based on data in Tables D7 through D18 in Appendix D.)

-------
                                   -121-
    VEHICLE  1  (  1980 FORD PINTO)


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    VEHICLE  2  (  1970 CHEV IMPflLfl)


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-------
                                -122-



    VEHICLE 3 ( 1980 PONT FIREBIRD )


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         0-60    0-30    0-30    30-60   30-60

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-------
                                -123-


   VEHICLE  6  (  1980 SflflB 900 TURBO )

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         0-60     0-30    0-30    30-60   30-60
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-------
                                    -124-
                                Appendix G-4
Comparisons of the Average Fuel Consumed (thousandths of a gallon)  during
the Various Acceleration Cycles.
(These histograms are based on data in Tables D7  through D18  in Appendix D.)

-------
                               -125-
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-------
                              -126-




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-------
                               -127-




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-------
                                   -128-

                                Appendix H-l

            Comparison of the Mean HC Emissions (grams per mile)
                   During the Various  Acceleration Cycles.
(These histograms are based on data in Tables D19 through D30 in Appendix D)

-------
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-------
                                     -130-
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-------
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-------
                                   -132-

                                Appendix H-2

           Comparisons of the Mean CO Emissions (grams per mile)
                   During the Various Acceleration Cycles
(These histograms are based on data in Tables  D19  through D30  in Appendix D).

-------
                                     -133-
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-------
                                  -134-
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-------
                                   -135-
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-------
                                    -136-

                                Appendix H-3

           Comparisons of the Mean NOx Emissions (grams per mile)
                   During  the  Various  Acceleration Cycles.
(These histograms are based on data in Tables D19 through D30 in Appendix D),

-------
                                     -137-
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-------
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-------