EKE1MG PA^^TC>>
   >LUI
      iv
n>TT^FiFin
li
lQ>|CaTD)
 JTATl
Ti
T
         'HTH TJ
  :Ti
              IT
         HTAT!
               (TAL
                   1TY

                        IT
                             IVEHLL
                          AMALYSI
                          SEATTLE
                             .SOM

-------
THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE IN LIMITED




QUANTITIES THROUGH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL




PROTECTION AGENCY, REGION X, SURVEILLANCE




AND ANALYSIS DIVISION, 1200 SIXTH AVENUE,




SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98101

-------
                           EPA 910/9-75-Oli
                           July, 1975
      COLUMBIA RIVER NUTRIENT
           STUDY - 1972
            PREPARED BY
           JAMES HILEMAN
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
        RICHARD CUNNINGHAM
       DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
        STATE OF WASHINGTON
            VAN KOLLIAS
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
          STATE OF OREGON
           EPA, REGION X
         1200 SIXTH AVENUE
     SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98101
                   2.

-------
WORKING PAPERS PRESENT RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS




WHICH ARE, TO SOME EXTENT, LIMITED OR INCOMPLETE;




THEREFORE, CONCLUSIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS 	




EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED — MAY BE TENTATIVE.

-------
                  TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                 PAGE

LIST OF FIGURES                                   5
LIST OF TABLES                                    6

INTRODUCTION                                      8
SUMMARY                                           1|
     FINDINGS                                     1 1
     RECOMMENDATIONS                              13
METHODS                                           1k
DISCUSSION                                        26
     HYDROLOGY                                    26
     NUTRIENT LOADINGS                            32
     NUTRIENT LEVELS                              35
     APPARENT STANDARDS VIOLATIONS                kB
     TEMPERATURE                                  /tfi
     TOTAL COLIFORMS                              50
 Bibliography                                     51
APPENDIX I  WATER QUALITY CRITERIA                56
            WATER QUALITY STANDARDS               59
                WASHINGTON STATE                  59
                OREGON STATE                      78

-------
                    LIST  OF FIGURES

 FIGURE                                                  PAGE

 1      Station  locations  in the  Upper  Columbia          9
        Subbasin
 2      Station  locations  in the  Middle and Lower         10
        Columbia Subbasins
 3      Flow  in  the  Columbia River as a function         23
        of  river mile
 4      Flow  in  the  Columbia River as a function         2k
        of  river mile
 5      Comparison of actual and  caluclated total         27
        nitrogen loading in  the Columbia River  -
        Quarter  1
 6      Comparison of actual and  calculated total         28
        phosphorus in the  Columbia River -
        Quarter  1
 7      Comparison of actual and  calculated total         3]
        nitrogen loading in  the Columbia River  -
        Quarter  2
 8      Comparison of actual and  calculated total         32
        phosphorus loading in the Columbia  River -
        Quarter  2
 9      Comparison of actual  and  calculated total         33
        nitrogen  loading in  the Columbia  -  Quarter  3
 10      Comparison of actual  and  calculated total         3^
        nitrogen  loading in  the Columbia  -  Quarter  3
 11      Comparison of actual and  calculated total         36
        nitrogen  loading in  the Columbia  -  Quarter  4
 12      Comparison of actual and  calculated total         37
        phosphorus loading in the Columbia  River —
        Figure 12
 13      Nitrate-nitrogen concentration  (yearly  average)   38
        in the Columbia
 14      Orthophosphate-phosphorus concentration          39
        (yearly average) in the Columbia
 15      Quarterly average concentrations  of nitrate-      ^0
        nitrogen - (Quarters 1 & 2)
 16      Quarterly averages of nitrate nitrogen            k]
        (Quarters 3 & 4)
 17     Quarterly averages of ortho  phosphate-            *>2
       phosphorus (Quarters 1 & 2)
 18     Quarterly averages of orthophosphate-             ^3
       phosphorus (Quarters 3 & 4)
 19     Temperature of  the Columbia  R.  as a function      V}
       of river  mile
20     Total  coliform  bacteria density  in  the  Columbia   52
       R.  (Quarters  1  & 2)
21     Total  coliform bacteria density  in  the  Columbia   53
       R.  (Quarters  3  & 4)

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES


TABLE                                                PAGE


1      Upper river laboratory analyses by agency      15

2      Lower river laboratory analyses by agency      17

3      Seasonal comparison of Columbia River          21
       flows

4      Tributary sources of total nitrogen            26

5      Tributary sources of total phosphorus          30

6      Nutrient concentrations at mainfitem            kS
       stations

7      Water Quality Standards violations             51

-------

-------
                       INTRODUCTION






     The Columbia River and its tributaries comprise the most




important river system in the Northwest.  Its drainage basin




area is approximately 259,000 square miles and includes South-




eastern British Columbia; major portions of the states of




Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana; and small areas of




Wyoming, Utah and Nevada.  (Figures 1 and 2)




     The degradation of Columbia River water quality is a real




concern of Northwest citizens.  Over the last 40 years they have




watched a creeping change in the physical, chemical, and bio-




logical characteristics of the mains tern and its tributaries.  In




the mid 1930's the first major dams, Bonneville and Grand Coulee,




were constructed on the Columbia River.  These dams, and the many




others constructed since, have had a profound influence on the




river's physical and chemical characteristics and its native




biota.  Starting in the 1940's, the population in this river basin




began a substantial increase, with a corresponding increase in




municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewater discharges.




     These increased numbers of wastewater discharges, changes




in the river's physical characteristics, increased algal growths,




and other changes, have indicated the need for a comprehensive




monitoring program on the entire river system.  Specifically, there




are concerns regarding summer water temperatures, reservoir




eutrophication, increasing levels of toxic waste, cumulative effects




of organic waste discharges from indistrial development and




population growth, and high levels of dissolved gases.

-------
1.
2.
3.
li.
5.
6.
T.
8.
9.
0.
Columbia Rl
Kettle Five
Coville Riv
Spokane Riv
Sanpoil Riv
ColUT.bU Hi
OXer.ogrui Ri
Mcthov Hive
Chcl.-ui Rive
er at Horthport
at Earstov
r nt Kettle Tails
r at Long Lake
r at Keller
cr tl Cra-ide Coulee
er at Kalott
nr Patcro3
at Chela-T
Entlat River r.r Zntiat
                                                                                                       11.  Vcnatchce Fiver nr Wenitchee -
                                                                                                           Columbia River bl Pock Island
                                                                                                       13.  Crab Creek nr Beverly
                                                                                                       lit.  Columbia Pivcr nr Vcrnlta
                                                                                              Station  locations  in the  Upper
                                                                                              Columbia Subb-asin
11 y

-------
                •^•:jy^r=tfja.,  ,-      l>   /\   •  ^-pT         '  '    ^4fe< (T<7"'ff  @ " ?/   c/|-  d '  '  i^37?^N.@   .^
                                                                                               I r*-**    *~'
                                                                                                K^  - i
          Er.iX- 3ivcr bl Ice Harbor
           ii=,a river at Kior.a
          Vill* Villi Fiver nr TO-JC":


          J="rj: --.y river r.r John
           ci-i- = ia river tl Jchn O-IY Dam

          ^l-i-.ii-i Mv.r l-l Dtllcs Don
          iCi2h:'.=it ?iv-r nr Lyle
          Hcci river at Hoed River
          Vr.ite ril-cr. nr V:
                PIver bl ?-n.noyillc D
          "n^sr.CT^si River r,r Vashc'Ogal
          Z'ir.-l-j r.iver r.r Kouth I-SO
          "nill-s^ette River at Evui Island
          L'.-vis river r.r Woodland
          Kilir.a Fiver nr Kalara
           I'jribia Piver at Long
                Piver tit Cl&tcXanl
          Coluzbia Piver at 3radv
LOV/ER COLUMBIA SUBBASIN
                                                   FIGURE 2.  Station locations in the Middle & Lower
                                                               Columbia Subbasins

-------
                         SUMMARY









     The purpose of this report is to assess some water quality




aspects of the Columbia River and its tributaries utilizing




recent data from a one-year (71-11-01 to 72-10-31) cooperative




survey.  The specific objective is to determine which tributaries




to the main stem (Spokane, Yakima, etc.) had the greatest adverse




influence on the Columbia River proper.  Since water quality is




influenced by discharge conditions, the study period was divided




into hydrologic quarters (three month periods beginning 11-01-71)




to differentiate between various discharge levels.




     The parametric scope is limited to the major nutrients




(nitrogen and phosphorus), total coliform bacteria, temperature,




dissolved oxygen, and pH.  Sources and ambient concentrations of




nitrate and orthophosphate receive special attention because they




are frequently related to a water's eutrophic state.  Although the




survey yielded data on many other parameters, evaluation in this




report is limited primarily to the nutrient constituents.









                        FINDINGS




     1.  Nutrient (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) loading




levels in the Columbia River increased from the Canadian Border




to the mouth.  The relative degree of increased nutrient loading




varied from 1.7 to 20.0 fold for total nitrogen and 2.3 to 11.0




fold for total phosphorus depending on hydrologic quarter.

-------
     2.  The major proportion of nutrient loading in the Columbia




River was directly attributable to tributary inputs.  The Snake




and Willamette Rivers together accounted for 56.5% to 80.2% of




the total tributary nitrogen and 46.3% to 85.4% of the total




tributary phosphorus to the Columbia River during quarterly periods.




     3.  Based on yearly average concentrations, orthophosphate-




phosphorus exceeded 0.01 mg/1 (critical level for algae bloom




potential) at all Columbia River stations; nitrate-nitrogen exceeded




0.3 mg/1 (critical level for algae bloom potential) at only one




station (McNary Dam).  Orthophosphate-phosphorus yearly average




concentrations exceeded 0.01 mg/1 at most tributary stations with




the exceptions of the Kettle, Methow, Chelanj Entiat, and Wenatchee




Rivers.  Nitrate-nitrogen yearly average concentrations exceeded




0.3 mg/1 at seven tributary stations; Crab Creek, Spokane, Yakima,




Snake, Walla Walla, Umatilla, and Willamette Rivers.




     Based on quarterly average concentrations, nitrate-nitrogen




and orthophosphate-phosphorus exceeded the critical levels from




November, 1971, to April, 1972, between river mile 292.0 and the




mouth.  Between May, 1972, and October, 1972, nitrate-nitrogen




levels were limiting and orthophosphate-phosphorus levels were




at minimum levels during the survey period.




     4.  Standards violations were observed at several Columbia




River stations for temperature (river miles 734.5, 292.0, 215.6,




191.4, 145.3, 66.0, 53.5, and 38.9) and total coliforms (river




miles 734.5, 66.0 and 38.9).

-------
Recommendations




     1.  Further studies should be conducted in some of the




tributaries, especially the Snake and Willamette Rivers  to




better identify waste nutrient sources.




     2.  Data for other parameters included in this study should




be evaluated, especially those for toxic metals.




     3.  All of the data should be used as a basis for design of




a long term monitoring system.




     4.  An intensive bacteriological study is needed for the




lower Columbia River to delineate the source or sources of




apparent high bacterial densities.




     5.  A complete point source and non-point source waste




inventory is needed for the lower Columbia River.   Provisions




should be made for continuous updating.




     6.  Additional parameters to be included for future studies




of this type are algal assay- carbon-14 uptake, and chlorophyll




determination.

-------
                         METHODS






     To facilitate monitoring, the drainage basin was divided into




two sections.  The upper section included the mainstem and tribu-




taries from McNary Dam (River Mile 292.0) to the International




Border.  The lower section included the waters downstream of




McNary Dam to the mouth.  Although the drainage basin was separated




into two areas and investigated cooperatively by several agencies,




every effort was made to insure that sample collection methods,




sample collection schedules, and analytical procedures were




similar.






                     Upper Columbia






     The upper Columbia River monitoring  effort was coordinated




by the Department of Ecology (DOE) with participation from U.S.




Geological Survey (USGS), Walla Walla Health Department,, and




Benton-Franklin Health District.  During May and June, additional




assistance was provided by the Tri-County Air Pollution Control




Authority during a temporary manpower shortage.  The three local




agencies confined their activities to sample collection in the




Tri-City - Walla Walla area.




     The Department of Ecology, in addition to coordinating the




Upper River study in which samples were collected twice a month;




collected all Upper River samples excluding those from the Tri-




City - Walla Walla area.  Sample analyses were shared among the




agencies as shown in Table 1.

-------
                            TABLE  1

                  UPPER RIVER LABORATORY
                    ANALYSES BY  AGENCY
 Conductivity
 Turbidity
 Color
 NH3  -N
 N02  -N
 NO 3  -N
 TKjel-N
 T-P04
 D Ortho-P
 BOD5
 TOC
 TIC
 TC (MF)
 T Hard
 Ca
 Mg
 Na
 K
 cl
 SO
 FC
Pesticides
 Cu
Zn
Cr
Pb
T Hg
TDS
DOE

 X
 X
 X
                                          USGS
                                                       EPA
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
               X
                            X
                            X
                            L

-------
     Samples  were collected using a bucket and line technique.




     Temperature, pH and alkalinity, were determined immediately




after collection.  Dissolved oxygen samples were fixed on site and




titrated at the end of the day.  Trace metal and nutrient samples




were preserved with concentrated HN03 and 4% HgCl2 respectively




and iced.  Samples for coliform determinations were collected in




sterilized containers and iced.




     Coliform samples were shipped via Greyhound and analysis was




initiated within 30 hours of sample collection.  Nutrient samples




were delivered to the USGS laboratory at the end of the survey run




(not more than 3-1/2 days).  EPA and ODEQ delivered samples to their




respective labs with the exception of Total Organic Carbon (TOC)




and bacteria samples which were shipped, via Greyhound bus, to the




EPA laboratory.  (See Table 2).  Five-day BOD samples were collected




only on Oregon Department of Environmental Quality ( ODEQ ) runs




and analyzed by their laboratory.




     Analytical methods utilized by the Washington Department of




Ecology, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and Environ-




mental Protection Agency laboratories are described in Standard




Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 1971 and/or




FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1971.




All analytical methods employed by USGS are described in Water




Support Bulletin 1454 (1960).

-------
TABLE 2.   Lower river  laboratory analyses by agency.







     The  following analytical tests were conducted by either ODEQ




or EPA laboratories:
Lab Analysis
TDS
Turbidity
Color
NH3-N
N02-N
N03-N
T Kjel-N
T Phos-P
D Phos-P
D Ortho-P
BOD5
TOC
TIC
TC
PB1
T Hard
T Ca
T Mg
D Na
D K
Cl
so4
T As
ODEQ
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X



X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
EPA
X
X
X
X
X
X
. X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
                         17

-------
Table 2 (Cont'd)









Lab Analysis




T Cd




T Cr




T Hg




T Cu




T Fe




T Pb




T Zn




T Sb




T Se




T Coli  (MF)




F Coli  (MF)
ODEQ
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X


EPA
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

-------
                     Lower Columbia







     The Lower Columbia River monitoring program was  shared by




the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality  (ODEQ)  and




Region X of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)  with




participation from the Oregon District U.S.  Geological Survey.




     The U.S. Geological Survey installed staff gages and




developed flow rating curves for several of the tributaries  so




that nutrient loading values could be determined.




     The ODEQ and EPA collected all samples in the Lower Columbia




River reach on a bi-weekly basis.  Each agency's field personnel




conducted the monitoring run during alternate two week periods.




     Sample collection and field analysis techniques employed by




EPA and ODEQ were similar to those used by DOE.

-------
                        DISCUSSION







     This section will be devoted to an interpretation of hydrology,




nutrient loading levels, water quality standards criteria violations,




and nutrient levels for the main stem Columbia River and tributary




stations.  Nutrient loadings, nutrient levels, temperature, and




total coliforms will be delineated by hydrologic quarters:  hydrologic




quarter 1: 11-01-71 to 01-31-72, hydrologic quarter 2: 02-01-72 to




04-30-72, hydrologic quarter 3: 05-01-72 to 07-31-72, hydrologic




quarter 4: 08-01-72 to 10-30-72.







Hydrology







     Columbia River flow is characterized by two peaks per year.




The spring peak, usually maximum in June, is due to snow melt in the




mountainous parts of the drainage basin.  The winter peak can occur




from December through March and is primarily caused by precipitation




and flooding in the tributaries west of the Cascade Range"  (Haertet,




Osterberg, Curl, and Park, 1969).  Extremes encountered during the




course of this study were 651,900 cfs on 72-06-15 to 27 and 164,300




cfs on 72-09-21 to 25 at river mile 38.9.




     A seasonal comparison of Columbia River flows at the furthermost




upstream station (river mile 734.5) and near the mouth (river mile




38.9) appears in Table 3.

-------
     Table 3 - Seasonal Comparison of Columbia River Flows
Station
River Mile 734.5
River Mile 38.9
Difference*
Quarter
1234
88,600 65,568 237,000 97,000
312,620 483,700 492,000 185,000
224,000 418,000 255,000 88,000
* Due to tributaries,  runoff,  and groundwater  inflow.

-------
     Flow profiles of the river for each quarter appear in




Figures 3 and 4.  In some instances, the river flow appears to




decrease in the downstream direction between two stations.  Such




apparent decreases are generally artifacts of the data collection




method.  Daily average flows were available for some stations and




only instantaneous flows at sampling time for others.  Although such




flow records are not directly comparable, they are the best available.




     The average increase in flow between river miles 734.5 and




38.9 was greatest during quarter #2.  This suggests that the water




quality impact of tributary, runoff, and groundwater inflow on the




Columbia River would also be greatest during this quarter.




     During quarter #3, flow at river mile 734.5 averaged sub-




stantially higher than for quarters 1, 2 and 4.  Moderate downstream




inflows coupled with high flows at river mile 734.5 produced the




largest average quarterly flows at all Columbia River stations during




this quarter.




Nutrient Loadings




     Nutrient loading (total nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Columbia




River is in a constant state of change.  Complicated variables such




as rainfall, snow melt, industrial and agricultural activity all




exert their influence in varying degrees.  Generally speaking, the




largest source of nutrient loading in the Columbia River is the




tributary inputs of Washington and Oregon, but even this is not




always the case.

-------
4-50-
F 4-00-
L
0
u 330-
T 300-
0
53
^
N
ID


C
F 130-
3
/

100-

30-

__ '\
I
QUAR TER C

\ 72-0^-01 TO 72-04.-G0
\
- \ ^ ^
\ "^ ^ """"'
\ ^~ *r"~---^.
\ \
\ \
\
\ \
\ \
\-~ \
" "v- v--— V
^•"~V-.^ """"~-- -^.
•- ^\

^ d» J A R T E R 1 s ^ . ^^
^ • j^ 	 , 	 ^^ 	 ,
71-11-01 TO 7£-0l-t31 *" v\

I 1
1 1
100 200 t300 4HZI0 300 E300 700 B&
                                                                          n  1 L  E.
FIGURE   -3
              IN   THE   COLUnBlA    RIVER
OF   RIVER    MILE
A   FUNCTION

-------
f
L.

O
T
M

O
u
57
*
D
3
        130-4-
        100 +
         3k) 4-
                                                                     p, reip  ti

                                                                7E-i23r5-0l  TO  72-07--3!.
                                                                     -a.
.._i	
 100
                                    ._.. .L	
                                      J2X2J
                                                 300
                                       -H2J0
300
                                                     R I V E, P  MILE,
E,   4-    f-t..r../   ! ;:   THE.  r?C)T...t ii -:
         ur  f*. :v. -^  nr r.t.
                                                                    A   f«MVE.R
700
                                                                                            FUNCTI
800

-------
     Quarter #1 - Total nitrogen loading in the Columbia River




increased from 163,000 to 1,470,000 Ibs/day, or by 9 times, from




river miles 734.5 (near the Canadian Border) to 38.9 (near the




mouth)  (See Figure 5).  Two thirds of the increase (873,000 Ibs/day)




was attributed to tributary inputs.  The remaining excess total




nitrogen (434,000 Ibs/day) cannot be explained by this study, but




may be  due to such factors as diffuse sources, nitrogen-fixation,




variation in analytical and sampling techniques, etc.  Correlation




between cumulative tributary loadings and loadings actually




measured in the Columbia River was very good between river miles




734.5 to 73.1 (Figure 3).  The Willamette and Snake Rivers were the




largest sources of total nitrogen, contributing"54.8% and 25.4%




respectively of the total tributary loading (Table 4).




     Total phosphorus loading in the Columbia River increased from




26,000  to 191,000 Ibs/day, or by 7.4 times, from river miles 734.5




to 38.9 (See Figure 6).  The increase attributed to tributary inputs




was 121,000 Ibs/day.  The Willamette and Snake Rivers were the




largest sources of total phosphorus; contributing 68.9% and 16.5%




respectively of the total tributary loading (Table 5).




     Quarter #2 - Total nitrogen loading in the Columbia River




increased from 97,000 to 1,951,000 Ibs/day, or by 20 times, between




river miles 734.5 and 38.9.  Tributary loading (1,356,000 Ibs/day)




to the  Columbia River reached a maximum during this quarter.  The




Snake and Willamette Rivers were the largest sources of total nitrogen




contributing 49.7% and 22.3% respectively of the total tributary




loading (Table 4).  The correlation between tributary loading and

-------
                                    TOTAL NITROGEN
Ranking
River
* Percent (%)
Ibs/day
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Willamette
Snake
Yakima
Spokane
Lewis
Deschutes
Snake
Willamette
John Day
Spokane
Yakima
Umatilla
Snake
Willamette
Spokane
Okanogan
Yakima
Wenatchee
Snake
Willamette
Deschutes
Yakima
Spokane
Okanogan
Wenatchee
54.8
25.4
3.3
3.1
3.0
1.8
49.7
22.3
6.8
6.1
3.7
3iO
44.3
12.2
7.0
6.8
6.3
5.1
36.3
12.2
6.3
6.3
6.2
3.7
3.1
478591
221671
28723
27512
26125
15292
674533
302072
92585
82780
50485
40765
286947
79359
45771
44247
40738
33531
85921
60574
14895
14831
14628
8765
7272
 *  % of total tributary loading
                                         TABLE  4

-------
    I
   f
    i
    T
   (£.
   N
ro
   n
    i
   L.
   r

    I
z.s-i-
   L.
   fc
   V
         kl.4-4-
         ZJ.T/.-f
                              h
  h—	h-
                                              I-
                                             300
	-4	1	1
                                                              £530
                                   700
                       B00
                              K I V t;
                                                 I L E.
T r:  rut.
                                           A/HT OA L CJ
                                           IA  P. ivep
                                                                QUAP.TE.P  i

-------
o
r
P
M
O
3
T»
U
3
 I
L
L
 I
O
N

L
B
3
X
D
A
V
0.4	
0.2--
   l --
                       100
                                                              300
                                                 300
700
800
                                                 RIVER  MILE
               ! C7URE.  B
         I 3DN
DADINCJ  IN
                                          OF  ACTUAL  AND  CALCULATED   TOTAL  FHO3FMORU3
                                          THE  COLUMN 1ft  RIVER-   QUARTER  L

-------
actual Columbia River loading was not as good as for the first




quarter (Figure 7).




     Total phosphorus loading in the Columbia River increased from




18,000 to 199,000 Ibs/day, or by 11 times, between river miles 734.5




and 38.9.  Tributary loading (257,000 Ibs/day) reached a maximum




during this quarter (See Figure 8).  In this case, total tributary




loading exceeded the increase of loading observed in the Columbia




River by 42%.  Again, as stated previously, many factors may in-




fluence the observed values.  Also, the survey was not designed to




delineate this type of variation.  However, the general correlation




between tributary and actual Columbia River loadings was good




(Figure 8).  The Snake, Willamette, and John Da'y Rivers were the




largest sources of total phosphorus contributing 26.7%, 19.6% and




17.5% respectively of the total tributary loading (Table 5).




     Quarter #3 - Total nitrogen loading in the Columbia River in-




creased from 662,000 to 1,112,000 Ibs/day, or by 1.7 times, between




river miles 734.5 and 38.9  (Figure 9).  The increase attributed to




tributary inputs was 657,000 Ibs/day.  The Snake and Willamette Rivers




were the largest sources of total nitrogen contributing 44.3%




and 12.2% respectively of the total tributary loading  (Table 4).




The Columbia River at river mile 734.5 reached a maximum average




loading (662,000 Ibs/day) and a maximum average flow (240,000 cfs)




during this quarter.




     Total phosphorus loading in the Columbia River increased from




39,000 to 203,000 Ibs/day,  or by 5.2 times, between river miles




734.5 and 38.9 (Figure 10).  The increase attributed to tributary

-------
                              TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
                       River
*Percent
Ibs/day
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Willamette
Snake
John Day
Deschutes
Spokane
Yakima
Snake
Willamette
John Day
Lewis
Umatilla
Spokane
Yakima
Snake
Okanogan
Yakima
Willamette
Spokane
Methow
Willamette
Snake
Deschutes
Yakima
Spokane
Klickitat
68.9
16.5
3.1
2.9
1.8
1.6
26.7
19.6
17.5
9.7
8.0
5.3
4.8
44.9
15.7
9.3
8.2
5.7
4.8
30.1
28.1
12.9
9.3
5.6
2.3
83444
19953
3810
3506
2130
1934
68745
50453
45071
25030
20501
13639
12446
34615
12157
7188
6354
4404
3691
4967
4643
2127
1534
928
381
of total tributary loading
                                     TABLE 5

-------
 1


 T
T
p
o

N
    ri
     I
    t.

:s  \
    a
     A
     Y
       I .0--
       0.8
            0. es - -
       0.4---
       0.2-,-
                         i   A
                       h
                                            *-**
                                                      \
                                                      V.
                                                T . T. 1 1. A T £.
                                       1- .......... 1
1- ....... ---h
f
•[••	—I
                                                                                                   800
                                               F: 1 V £. p.  {•: 1 I.. E,
            r" I :"MJf?f:
                                           I !JJU  QK  ACJTLJAt.  ANT)  ; fA L r?t H..A T 5,13  TOTAL  NITROGJE.N
                                           f-'J   It.  IT-IE.  COLtiiiffSlA  PTVf;F-   Ul-JAf.T&H  2

-------
T
O
T
A
L
P
H
O
3
P
fH
O
P
u
   I
   L
   L
:o  I
fO  o
   N
D
*
V
      0. I —
                                         >  \
                      _l_
                      100
          _|	
           200
                                   -	]		h	h-	-I	f-
                                                                                      800
                                           i v e. P  n i L E,
^J.  s
       u.DAt'I
                                       Jt-'
                                       *.;J
                                                       /»ra:.  ^LCJULAT&'D  TOT/NL
                                                       I A  ^tV£F:~  fil.JARTElP  T.

-------
T 1. 4--
o
T
A
L
1 .2-
N
I
T
R t .0-
O
0
E
N
0.6-
n
I
L 0.e-
L
1
N
0.4--
L
D
3
S 0.2-
D
A
Y
/
.-»>

>-.\v

4) . ._«r.. ^ . '^ALCULATET'-
- -"» M"T
A
1
1
S .
- ; V... I— A
1 ^^v
1 >• 1 \
15 — X
1 * ^^"~^^
*-«-«
1 '--, ' «•.-
\ ^ "----^-^-.,
A • ^«Bk
^J:^»
•\ 	 —
ACTUAL *""







1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1
r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
L00 200 300 4-00 300 900 700 Sfl
                                                            I  V &R    M  I LE
F I  RU R
OF   ACTUAL    AND    CALCULATED    TOTAL    NITROGEN
THE.   COLUMBIA    RIVER-    QUARTER   1

-------
T
O
T
A
L

P
H
O
3
P
H
O
R
U
9
n
 i
o
N

L
D
3
X
D
A
V
0.4.-,-
0.3 +
       0.2-f
0. IH-
            ACTUAL
                      100
                         200
300
+00
300
700
800
                                              RIVER   niLE.
     FIGURE.
                                      r! I 3QN   OF  ACTUAL  AND  CALCULATED  TOTAL  PHOSPHORUS
                                      NC?  IN   THE.  COLUMDIA RlVEFe-  QUARTER  3

-------
inputs was 77,000 Ibs/day.  The largest sources of total phosphorus




were the Snake and Okanogan Rivers, contributing 44.9% and 15.7%




respectively (Table 5).  The Willamette River (8.2%) dropped to




fourth place behind the Yakima River (9.3%) during this quarter.




     Quarter #4 - Total nitrogen loading in the Columbia River




increased from 91,000 to 622,000 Ibs/day, or by 6.4 times, between




river miles 734.5 and 38.9 (Figure 11).  The increase attributed to




tributary inputs was 657,000 Ibs/day.  The Snake and Willamette




Rivers were the largest sources of total nitrogen contributing 36.3%




and 25.6% respectively of the total tributary loading (Table 4).




     Total phosphorus loading in the Columbia River increased from




18,000 to 42,000 Ibs/day, or by 2.3 times, between river miles 734.5




and 38.9 (Figure 12).  The increase attributed to tributary inputs




was 16,500 Ibs/day.  The largest sources of total phosphorus were




the Willamette, Snake and Deschutes Rivers contributing 30.1%, 28.1%




and 12.9% respectively (Table 5).




     Tributary nutrient loading to the Columbia River averaged much




lower during this quarter than during the previous three quarters.




Tributary flow input to the Columbia River was also lowest during




this quarter.






Nutrient Levels






     Nutrient (nitrate-nitrogen and orthophosphate-phosphorus




levels in the Columbia River are summarized by yearly and quarterly




averages in Figures 13 through 18.

-------
CD
     T
     O
     T
     A
     L

     N
     I
     T
     R
     O
     Q
     £
     N
n
 i
L
L
 I
O
N

L
D
3
/
D
A
Y
       0.S-I-
       0.3- -
            2J.4-- -
            0.2--
                         	"I
j	
          300
                                                              +00
                                                                     500
700
800
                                                      R I V
                 FIGURE   11
                                COMPARISON  OF  ACTUAL  AND  CALCULATED   TOTAL  NITROGEN
                                t_OAD!NO  IN  THE  COLUMBIA   RIVER-  QUARTER  4.

-------
T
A
L
v :
H
o
3
P
H
O 0 . K -
R
U
3
/ *
n
I:
L
L
I1 0.1-
O
N
L
B
3
D
A
V














ACTUAL

A—A y^
Ofe^^ 	 y<^ / "^^-^ nA, onLATCn
^^^ ?5U®e 	 ^G? TRa^ X ^^^
V "^
1 	 1 1 1 1 1
1 — - r" r 1 1 1 1
100 e00 300 4-00 °&e\ B00 700 8£
       I V
                                               n I L
IP.
      OF   ACTUAL   AND   CALOULATE.D  TOTAL   PHO3PMDRU3
IN   TUt.  COLUMBIA   PlV&R-   aUARTE.F?   4-

-------
     0.4--
N
I
T
R
A
T
E

N
1
T
R
O
n
c
0.3
                                        Cf?ITlCAL LEVEL
0.2--
      0.1--
                  100
                     200
300
+00
330
700
600
                                     RIVER  nILE
    FIGURE,
                        N ITRAr&~N I TROOEN  CONCENTRATION  CVEARLV
                        «N THE  OOLUMDIA RIVER

-------
 1
 tl
 o
 v
 it
 o
 5?
P
 (I
f-
 I
 fc.
H
O
0
H
t.l
s
f I
O
     0.01
               V
\
         V	

                                LE.VE.L
                  ICSP
                         •HZ10
                                    300
-h-
 B00
700
800
14-
                                            M
                                 fi CJDLLIMC5IA  P I V £
                                                                           T I ON

-------
 1
 T
 P
 A
 T
 E.

 N
 I
 T
 R
. O
 G
 E.

 "
 n
 Q
0.3-1-
0.4.--
0.3
        0.2--
        0.L--
                                                                  500
                                                                     Q00
700
800
                                         I V
                                                            1 L £,
                 13    QUAHT&PLV  AVO  CONC tf J TP.A T I ON  OF  f J I
                                        1  AND  21
                                                                                          T £.- N I TROC&N

-------
t
 I
1
H
A
T
I
I
                               I I
E.
fl
t I
G?


!..
.'
        2.?.-*~
          .  1, -i-   14 - S4
              L   .v
                           h
                         120
                                                               V
                                                         I—
                                                       B00
                                                                                                       7021
                                                         T  V
                                                                      I L. E.
              -• l
                       (•_  1 1*
•1' :/-.r<
 f U' i A r1 T fc- ri M
^F   M I THAT'S." N 1 T'RDC?E.N

-------
f:
I

r>
V
n
D
3
P
     S. 0B
P
M
O
9
toO
  f*
  u
  3
n
           T
     0.03
     0.04.-J-  V
     0.03
                 \
       •
       .0s. 4-
      0.0s.
     0.01
                                 i
                      CRITICAL  LEVEL
X
L

I L 1
100 200 300

_.j_
4-00
                                                               300
                                                                         B00
                                                                                      700
300
                                             R I V ELR
                                                         I L E.
                         17
                                                   C?ON
                                                            TPAt I ON  OF  ORTHOFH
                                                              1  AND  2^
  TE-

-------
u
f.
1
0
p
M 0 . 03 -
O
p
A 0 . 04- -
T
E.
P
H 0.03-
O
3
P
°; 0.02-
sR
9 '
^ 0.01-
L
X













" ^ /'
\ /
\ CRITICAL LEVE.I. /
; "-^
;

L L I VI
                                                  \
                                                                     -S-
100
                    200
G00
700
800
                                    t V
                                      I L EL
FIGURE  18    QLJARTE.RLV
                               OQN CE.N TRA T I ON   OF  ORTH OPH D9PH A T &~
                                          ^   AMD  4O

-------
     Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were observed above the critical




level (.3 mg/1) at all mainstem Columbia River stations (Table 6).




The frequency in excess of the critical level was found to be sub-




stantially less than that for orthophosphate-phosphorus.  Yearly




average concentrations vs river mile (Figure 13) indicates that




nitrate-nitrogen concentration increased from river mile 734.5 to




38.9 but exceeded the critical level (based on a yearly average)




only at river mile 292.0.  The high nitrate-nitrogen level observed




at river mile 292.0 reflects the impact of the Snake, Yakima, and




Walla Walla Rivers.




     Quarterly average concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen vs river




mile (Figures 15 and 16) show that a dramatic change in the profile




of the Columbia River took place from quarter two to quarter three




(Spring to Summer).  During quarters one and two (Winter and Spring)




the nitrate-nitrogen concentrations generally increased between




river miles 734.5 and 38.9 reaching a maximum at river mile 292.0




(See figure 15).  During this period, the nitrate-nitrogen concen-




trations generally exceeded the critical level (0.3 mg/1)  between




river miles 292.0 and 38.9.  The increasing trend observed for




quarters one and two did not occur during quarter three (Figure 16).




During this period, nitrate-nitrogen concentrations averaged sub-




stantially lower than the critical level.  Quarter four had a




nitrate-nitrogen profile similar to quarters one and two but at a




much lower level.  In fact, like quarter three, average concentrations




did not exceed the critical level.
                             44

-------
Stations Nitrate - Nitrogen Orthophosphorus
Columbia River
Tributary
Mile 734.5
Kettle R.
Colville R.
Spokane R.
Sanpoil R.
Mile 596. A
Okanogan R.
Methow R.
Chelan R.
Entiat R.
Wenatchee R.
Mile 453.2
Crab Cr.
Mile 388.1
Yakima R.
Mile 330.0
Snake R.
Walla Walla R.
Mile 292.0
Umatilla R.
John Day R.
Mile 215.6
Deschutes R.
Mile 191.4
Klickitat R.
Hood R.
White Salmon R.
Mile 145.3
Washougal R.
Sandy R.
Willamette R.
Lewis R.
Kalama R.
Mile 66.0
Mile 53.5
Mile 38.9

Station
61A070
60A070
59A070
54A070
52A070
53A070
49A070
48A070
47A070
46A070
45A070
44A070
41A070
COL060
37A090
36A055
33A070
32A070
400081
403052
403053
403048
403051
403002
543110
403050
543111
400008
543109
403049
403059
270070
27B070
25A150
400007
403010

No. No.
Samples >.3 mg/1 Mean (mg/1)
17
17
16
22
19
22
18
19
23
23
23
20
21
21
24
18-
21
23
23
24
24
24
24
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
20
24
12
23
24
TAB1
1
0
4
12
0
1
0
7
2
4
3
1
19
4
17
3
10
21
7
23
4
8
1
8
3
1
0
7
2
3
15
4
6
3
9
10
E 6 - Nutrien
0.12
0.06
0.22
0.36
0.07
0.14
0.08
0.23
0.10
0.20
0.20
0.18
1.10
0.16
0.60
0.22
0.44
0.84
0.31
0.81
0.16
0.26
0.13
0.24
0.12
0.15
0.10
0.21
0.17
0.13
0.39
0.13
0.18
0.19
0.26
0.24
t Concentrations
No, No.
Samples .> 0.01 mg/1 Mean (mg/1)
19
17
17
24
19
22
18
21
23
23
21
20
21
21
24
15
21
21
24
23
23
22
23
23
23
23
.23
23
23
23
23
15
21
10
22
23
at Mainstem Sti
15
5
17
18
18
18
7
3
6
15
8
16
21
17
22
15
20
20
20
22
18
18
23
19
23
19
22
17
9
12
22
9
18
8
15
19
tions
0.020
0.004
0.026
0.028
0.020
0.014
0.004
0.001
0.004
0.009
0.004
0.020
0.060
0.014
0.052
0.022
0.027
0.098
0.028
0.086
0.041
0.028
0.057
0.030
0.035
0.059
0.024
0.022
0.016
0.016
0.038
0.017
0.015
0.028
0.022
0.025


-------
    Orthophosphate-phosphorus concentrations were observed above




the critical level (.01 mg/1) at all mainstern Columbia River




stations (Table 6).  Yearly average concentrations vs river mile




(Figure 14), indicates that the orthophosphate-phosphorus con-




centration decreased from river mile 734.5 to 388.1, rose rapidly




from river mile 388.1 to 292.0, and then decreased from river mile




292.0 to 38.9.  The increase in concentration observed between river




mile 388.1 to 292.0 reflects the impact of the Snake, Yakima, and




Walla Walla Rivers.  Average yearly concentrations exceeded the




critical level (.01 mg/1) at all mainstem Columbia River stations.




    Quarterly average concentrations of orthophosphate-phosphorus




vs river mile (Figures 17 and 18) show that a dramatic change in the




profile of the Columbia River took place from quarter two to three.




During quarters one and two (Figure 17), the orthophosphate-




phosphorus profiles were similar to that observed for the yearly




average concentrations (Figure 14) with concentrations exceeding




the.critical level at all mainstem Columbia River stations.  Quarters




three and four produced much lower levels than quarters one and two.




During quarter three (Figure 18), the orthophosphate-phosphorus




concentration was below the detection level from river mile 734.5 to




596.4, increased to .01 mg/1 between river mile 453.2 and 66.0.




During this period, the critical level was exceeded at only one




station (river mile 38.9).  Orthophosphate-phosphorus concentration




decreased from .02 mg/1 to .00 mg/1 from river mile 734.5 to 388.1




for quarter four.  Below river mile 388.1 the concentration increased




to .01 mg/1, maintaining this level at all downstream stations.

-------
During quarter four, the critical level was exceeded at river miles




734.5 and 453.2.




     The preceeding discussion is summarized by the following statements:




     1.  Average nitrate-nitrogen and orthophosphate-phosphorus concen-




trations greater than the levels considered critical for potential algae




bloom problems were observed during the first and second quarters




(11-01-71 to 04-30-72) at all Columbia River stations between river mile




292.0 and the mouth.  Orthophosphate-phosphorus, however, exceeded critical




levels more consistently and to a greater degree than did nitrate-nitrogen.




     2.  During quarters three and four (72-05-01 to 72-10-31), average




nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were not observed in excess of the




critical levels at any of the mainstem Columbia Rive-r stations.




Orthophosphate-phosphorus continued to be at or near its critical level




much of the time.  From the observed data, nitrate-nitrogen may be




assumed to be the limiting nutrient during this period.




     The problem of data interpretation is thus manifest at this point.




Sphaerotilus and algae problems are known to occur during the months of




July, August and September.  Yet, the chemical data evaluated in this




report indicates that nutrient levels were high enough to support active




growth only between November, 1971 and April, 1972.  Between May, 1972,




and October, 1972, nitrate-nitrogen levels were limiting and orthophosphate-




phosphorus levels were at a minimum level.  It is highly possible that




these declines are the result however, of algal utilization during these




last two quarters.




     Nitrate-nitrogen and orthophosphate-phosphorus are considered to be




nutrient indicator parameters.  If present at adequate levels, they

-------
indicate a potential for accelerated biologic 1 growth (algal blooms).




This potential may or may not be realized depending on other limiting




factors (temperature, micronutrients, metals, etc.).




     The nitrate and orthophosphate tests help provide an insight into




the algal bloom potential of the system.  The two parameters by them-




selves form only part of the total picture.  Other parameters such as




micronutrients, temperature and metals shquld be considered as well.




To help complete the picture, it will be necessary to obtain data on




nutrient uptake rates and on the quantity of nutrients tied up in the




active biomass (both macro and micro).  Analyses that may help fill in




the apparent data gap are the algal assay, carbon-14 uptake, chlorophyll




determination and algal cell counts.








APPARENT STANDARDS VIOLATIONS




     Violations were observed during this study for temperature and




total coliforms at several of the Columbia River mainstern stations




(Table 5).  Six of the eight temperature violations occurred during




the dates 72-08-08 to 72-08-10 when the River was in a low flood




condition.  Total coliform criteria violations occurred at river miles




734.5, 66.0, and 38.9.






Temperature




     The temperature data plotted on Figure 19 suggest that temperature




increased during quarters 2,3 and 4 between river miles 734.5 to 73.1




and decreased during quarter 1.  Relativly rapid temperature changes




occurred between river miles 330.0 to 292.0 and 145.3 to 53.5.  Potential




influencing factors between river miles 330.0 to 292.0 would be the

-------
T
E
n
p
E.
R
A
T
U
R
X
c
                   100
200
300
+00
B00
700
800
                                                   n 1 LEI
          FIGURE.  13   QUARTERLY  AVC  T &MP ELRA TURE  OF  THE  COLUnBlA  RIVER

-------
Snake River and McNary Dam.  Potential influencing factor between




river miles 145.3 to 53.5 would be the Willamette River and the Pacific




Ocean.






Total Coliforms




     Total coliform levels exceeded water quality standards criteria




at three of the eleven Columbia River stations.  The standard violations




occurred at river miles 734.5, 66.0 and 38.9.  In general, total




coliform densities were high at river mile 734.5 (near the Canadian




border), decreased to a minimum between river miles 330.0 to 214.6, and




then increased to a maximum density between river miles 66.0 to 38.9




(Figures 20 and 21).








     Although the data in Tables 6 and 7 indicate  water quality problems




exist, they reveal that few if any of the Columbia River tributaries




discharge highly polluted water into the Columbia River.
                                   50

-------
            TABLE 7
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS VIOLATIONS
Stations
Columbia River
Tributary
Mile 734.5
Kettle R.
Colvllle R.
Spokane R.
Sanpoil R.
Mile 596.4
Okanogan R.
Methow R.
Chelan R.
Entiat R.
Wenatchee R.
Mile 453.2
Crab Cr.
Mile 388.1
Yakima R.
Mile 330.0
Snake R.
Walla Walla
Mile 292.0
Unatilla R.
John Day R.
Mile 215.6
Deschutea R.
Mile 191.4
Klickltat R.
Hood R.
White Salmon R.
Mile 145.3
Washougal R.
Sandy R.
Willamette R.
Lewis R.
Kalama R.
Mile 66.0
Mile 53.5
Mile 38.9
*Apparent i
Nuraber
61A070
60A070
59A070
54A070
52A070
53A070
49A070
48A070
47A070
46A070
45A070
44A070
41A070
COL060
37A090
36A055
33A070
32A070
400081
403052
403053
403048
403051
403002
543110
403050
543111
400008
543109
403049
403059
27C070
27B070
25A150
400007
403010
iolation
Temperature DO pH
Samples Samples Samples
Total Violations* Total Violations* Total Violations
19 2
17 2
17 2
24 2
19 3
22 0
18 1
21 1
27 4
23 0
23 0
20 0
21 5
.21 0
24 3
17 0
21 4
24 1
24 1
23 5
23 5
23 1
23 3
23 "l
23 0
23 0
23 0
24 1
24 2
23 3
23 2
27 0
27 1
14 1
23 1
23 1

18 0
16 0
16 0
22 8
19 1
22 0
18 0
21 0
23 0
23 0
23 0
20 0
21 0
21 0
25 0
18 0
21 4
21 0
24 0
23 0
23 0
22 0
23 0
23 0
23 0
23 • 0
23 0
23 0
23 0
23 1
23 0
27 0
27 0
13 0
22 0
22 Q

2 0
2 .0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
1 0
2 0
2 0
1- "0
2 0
21 0
2 0
0 0
2 0
. 0 0
• 22 0
21 6
21 3
21 0
22 2
21 0
21 •!
21 0
21. 0
22 0
22 . 1
21
21 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
21 0
2JU 0

TOTAL COLIFORMS
No.
Samples
16
16
16
23
, 17
18
16
18
20
20
19
16
19
-
24
IP
22
24
12
-
-
12
-
13
13
-
14
13
12
—
13
26
27
14
11
12

Median Limit Sample Linit
Violation * Value
Yes 200
No 185
Yes 550
Yes • 350
No 200
No 28
No 450
No 220
No 24
Yes 375
Yes 500
No 150
No 1000
-
Yes" 2150
No 138
No 145
Yes 4800
No 30
— —
-
No 21
-
No 140
No 170
-
No 158
No 90
No 98
— ••
Yes 3064*
No 235
No 150
No 850
No 700
Yes 1350

Violation* Percent
Yea 44
No 0
No 19
Yes 26
No 18
No 0
No 6
No 0
No 0
No 10
No 16
No 12
Yes 21
- -
Yes 46
No 19
No 9
Yes 71
No 0
— ~
- -
No 0
— —
No 8
No 8
- -
No 7
No 0
No 17
•» ™
Yes 38
No 12
No 4
Yea 21
No 18
tea 42


-------
T
D
T
A
L

C
D
L
I
F
O
R
n

n
E
D
N
I
0
0
n
L
3
I  V,
 L-	\
                       i	
                      22)0
h-
                                    300
      G00
700
800
FIOURE.  20
                    QUARTERLY  MEDIAN TDTAL CDLIFORM  DENSITY
                    , QUARTER 3  i  ANtJ ?. '

-------
1 ---1 - - ,_ '-
1 **. •• *. «k T
±
1 *
t
I ±
T
0
0
t
[ 10X3-
C)
P ^
M
n
«
n
j
I
ki
i i
t
n
i
4-



' I
: ,, •
• *
>





' 	 !••
100
                  r
              TH'
\*
FlGfUREL
'-*&&       -H30



   RIVER  MILE:





n  T3 AND  4. 1
                                                         I-
                                                       S00
                                             700
                                         "DE.N3ITV
600

-------
                             BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Haertel, L.,  Osterberg,  C.,  Curl, H., Park, P.K., Nutrient and Plankton
          Ecology of the  Columbia River Estuary,  Dept. of Oceanography,
          Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 1969, f. 965.

 Klein,  L.,  River Pollution I.   Chemical Analysis, Academic Press Inc.,
          New York,  1959, 206 pp.
 Rainwater,  F.H.,  Thatcher,  L.L.,  Methods  for Collection and Analysis of
          Water Samples,  Geological  Survey Water Supply Paper No. 1454,
          1960, 301 pp.

 Sawyer,  C.N.,  Factors Involved in Disposal  of Sewage Effluents to Lakes,
          Sewage and Industrial Wastes,  Vol. 26, No. 3, 1954, pp 317-325.

           , Methods for  Chemical  Analysis of Water and Wastes,
          Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1971, 312 pp.

         , Standard Methods  for the  Examination of Water and Wastewater,
          American Public Health Association, New York, 1971, 874 pp.

          ,  Implements ion and Enforcement  Plan for Water Quality
          Regulations, Surface Waters, State of Washington, Department of
          Ecology, 1970,  95  pp.

          ,  Standards of  Quality for Public  Waters of Oregon and Disposal
          Therein of Sewage  and Industrial Wastes, Department of Environ-
          mental Quality, 1970, pp.  35-54k.
                                      54

-------
RAW DATA IS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FROM




ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY STORET

-------
      APPENDIX I









WATER QUALITY CRITERIA




WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

-------
                       WATER QUALITY CRITERIA






     Specific criteria for the interpretation of collected water




quality data are as follows:






Water Quality Standards




     Promulgated water quality criteria are found in Appendix II.




Since the determination of a water quality criterion violation frequently




requires a large quantity of data and could require a judicial decision,




this report refers to criteria violations as apparent violations.




Apparent violations are noted according to the following definitions:




     Dissolved Oxygen - A violation is recorded whenever the D.O.




(in mg/1 or % saturation) drops below the level specified in the standard.




     pH - A violation is recorded whenever the pH exceeds the range




specified in the standard.




     Temperature - A violation is recorded whenever the temperature




exceeds the maximum limit specified in the standard (Ex: Class AA = 60 F).




     Total Coliform - The coliform standard is applied to the total data




collected during the year rather than individual values.  A violation is




recorded when either the yearly median* value exceeds the limit




specified in the standard, or a specific percentage of values exceeds




the maximum limit specified in the standard.









*  Average value for Oregon rivers.
                                      57

-------
Provisional Criteria

     Municipal, domestic and other waste water discharges often contain

sufficient quantities of nitrogenous and phosphoric compounds to cause

increases in the receiving waterways.  The following table lists critical

parameter levels and the significance of these parameter levels.



            Table 1  -  CRITICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
Substance

Nitrate (N03-N)

Nitrite (N02-N)



Ammonia (NH3-N)

Ammonia (NH3-N)


Ortho Phosphate  (O-PO^-P)
  Critical
Level (mg/1)

      .3

      .02
      .2

      1.0


      .01
       Significance

Algae bloom potential

Organic pollution, low
oxygen concentration in
stream.

Organic pollution

Unattractive for fish
(toxic)

Algae bloom potential.
                                      58

-------
              OREGON WATER QUALITY  STANDARDS




                       Division  4




                    WATER POLLUTION




                      SUBDIVISION I




 STANDARDS  OF  QUALITY  FOR PUBLIC  WATERS OF  OREGON AND DISPOSAL




        THEREIN  OF  SEWAGE AND  INDUSTRIAL WASTES




     ED. NOTE:   Unless otherwise specified,  sections 41-005 through




 41-070 of  this chapter of the  Oregon Administrative Rules Compila-




 tion were  adopted by  the Sanitary  Authority  June 1, 1967, and filed




with the Secretary  of State June 1, 1967 as  Administrative Order




 SA 26.  Repeals  Administrative Order SA 8.




     Statutory Authority:  ORS 449.080; 449.086.




     NOTE:  Effective July 1,  1969, the Sanitary Authority was




 replaced by the  Department of  Environmental  Quality, consisting of




 a Department  and of a Commission,  known as the Environmental




 Quality Commission.   Where Sanitary Authority is presently used in




 these regulations,  it should be  noted by readers of these rules




 that Department  of Environmental Quality should be substituted




unless the context or statutes clearly require the use of




Environmental Quality Commission.




     41-005 DEFINITIONS.  As used  in this  subdivision unless other-




wise required by context:




     (1)  "Sewage" means  the water-carried human or animal waste

-------
from residences, buildings, industrial establishments or other




places together with such ground water infiltration and surface




water as may be present.  The admixture with sewage as above defined




of industrial wastes or wastes, as defined in subsections  C21




and (3) of this section, shall also be considered "sewage" within




the meaning of this division.




     (2)  "Industrial waste" means any liquid, gaseous, radioactive




or solid waste substance or a combination thereof resulting from




any process of industry, manufacturing, trade or business, or




from the development or recovery of any natural resources.




     (3)  "Wastes" means sewage, industrial wastes, and all other




liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive, or other substances which




will or may cause pollution or tend to cause pollution of any




waters of the state.




(4)  "Pollution"  means such contamination or other alteration




of the physical, chemical or biological properties of any waters




of the state, including change in temperature, taste, color, turbidity,




silt or odor of the waters, or such discharge of any liquid, gaseous,




solid, radioactive or other substance into any waters of the state




which either by itself or in connection with any other substance




present, will or can reasonably be expected to create a public




nuisance or render such waters harmful, detrimental or injurious




to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial,




industrial, agricultural, recreational or other legitimate




beneficial uses or to livestock, wildlife, fish or other aquatic




life or the habitat thereof.

-------
      (5)  "Waters of the state" Include lakes, bays, ponds,




impounding reservoirs, springs, wells, rivers, streams, creeks,




estuaries, marshes, inlets, canals, the Pacific Ocean within the




territorial limits of the State of Oregon and all other bodies




of surface or underground waters, natural or artificial, inland




or coastal, fresh or salt, public or private (except those private




waters which do not combine or effect a junction with natural




surface or underground waters) which are wholly or partially




within or bordering the state or within its jurisduction.




      (6)  "Marine waters" means all oceanic, offshore waters




outside of estuaries or bays and within the territorial limits




of the state of Oregon.




      (7)  "Estuarine waters" means all mixed fresh and oceanic




waters in estuaries or bays from the point of oceanic water




intrusion inland to a line connecting the outermost points of




the headlands or protective jetties.




      (8)  "Standard" or "standards" means such measure of quality




or purity for any waters in relation to their reasonable and




necessary use as may be established by the Sanitary Authority




pursuant to ORS Chapter 449.




      (9)  "Fish and other aquatic life" means all beneficial fishes,




Crustacea, mollusks, plankton, higher aquatic plants, and water-




fowl.

-------
     41-010  HIGHEST AND BEST PRACTICABLE TREATMENT AND CONTROL




                        REQUIRED




     Notwithstanding the general and special water quality standards




contained In this subdivision, the highest and best practicable




treatment and/or control of wastes, activities and flows shall in




every case be provided so as to maintain dissolved oxygen and overall




water quality at the highest possible levels and water temperatures,




coliform bacteria concentrations, dissolved chemical substances,




toxic materials, radioactivity, turbidities, color, odor and other




deleterious factors at the lowest possible levels.









41-015  RESTRICTIONS ON THE DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL




        WASTES AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES WHICH AFFECT WATER QUALITY




               IN THE WATERS OF THE STATE




     No wastes shall be discharged and no activities shall be con-




ducted such that said wastes or activities either alone or in




combination with other wastes or activities will violate or can




reasonable be expected to violate, any of the general or special




water quality standards contained in this subdivision.









41-020  MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS OF QUALITY




     (1)  The degree of waste treatment required to restore and




maintain the above standards of quality shall be determined in each




instance by the State Sanitary Authority and shall be based upon




the following:




          (a)  The uses which are or may likely be made of the

-------
receiving  stream.



           (b)  The size and nature of flow of the receiving stream.




           (c)  The quantity and quality of the sewage or wastes to




be treated, and




           (d)  The presence or absence of other sources of pollution




on the same watershed.




      (2)  All sewage shall receive a minimum of secondary treatment




or equivalent (equal to at least 85% removal of 5-day biochemical




oxygen demand and suspended solids)  and shall be effectively




disinfected before being discharged into any public waters of the




state.








41-025  GENERAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS




     The following General Water Quality Standards shall apply to




all waters of the state except where they are clearly superceded




by Special Water Quality Standards applicable to specifically




designated waters of the state.  No wastes shall be discharged and




no activities shall be conducted which either alone or in combination




with  other wastes or activities will cause in any waters of the




state:




      (1)  The dissolved oxygen content of surface waters to be less




than six (6) milligrams per liter unless specified otherwise by




special standard.




      (2)  The hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) of the waters to be




outside the range of 6.5 to 8.5 unless specified otherwise by special




standard.

-------
     (3)  The liberation of dissolved gases, such as carbon-dioxide,




hydrogen sulfide or any other gases, in sufficient quantities to




cause objectionable odors or to be deleterious to fish or other




aquatic life, navigation, recreation, or other reasonable uses made




of such waters.




     (4)  The development of fungi or other growths having a




deleterious effect on stream bottoms, fish or other aquatic life, or




which are injurious to health, recreation or industry.




     (5)  The creation of tastes or odors or toxic or other conditions




that are deleterious to fish or other aquatic life or affect the




potability of drinking water or the palatibility of fish or shellfish.




     (6)  The formation of appreciable bottom or sludge deposits or




the formation of any organic or inorganic deposits deleterious to




fish or other aquatic life or injurious to public health, recreation




or industry.




     (7)  Objectionable discoloration, turbidity, scum, oily




sleek or floating solids, or coat the aquatic life with oil films.




     (8)  Bacterial pollution or other conditions deleterious to waters




used for domestic purposes, livestock watering, irrigation, bathing,




or shellfish propagation, or be otherwise injurious to public




health.




     (9)  Any measurable increase in temperature when the receiving




water temperatures are 64 F. or above, or more than 2  F. increase




when receiving water temperatures are 62  F. or less.




     (10)  Aesthetic conditions offensive to the human senses of




sight,  taste, smell or touch.




     (11)  Radioisotope concentrations to exceed Maximum Permissible

-------
Concentrations  (MFC's) in drinkinp water, edible fishes or

shellfishes, wildlife, irrigated crops, livestock and dairy

products or pose an external radiation hazard.


                                                                  t
41-030  BENEFICIAL USES OF WATERS TO BE PROTECTED BY SPECIAL WATER

                    QUALITY STANDARDS.

     The Special Water Quality Standards contained in this

subdivision are adopted for the purpose of protecting, together

with pertinent general water quality standards, the beneficial

uses  of specified waters of the state as set forth in Table A

and to conserve the waste assimilative capacity of the waters so as to

accommodate maximum development and utilization of the resources

of the state.



41-035  SPECIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC WATERS OF GOOSE

                  LAKE IN LAKE COUNTY.

     The provisions of this section shall be in addition to and

not in lieu of the General Water Quality Standards contained in

Section 41-025, except where this section imposes a conflicting

requirement with the provisions of Section 41-025, this section

•hall govern.  No wastes shall be discharged and no activities

shall be conducted which either alone or in combination with other

wastes or activities will cause in the waters of Goose Lake:

     (1)  Dissolved Oxygen  (DO).  DO concentrations to be less

than 7 milligrams per liter.

-------
     (2)  Organisms of the Coliform Group Where Associated with




Fecal Sources.  (MPN or equivalent MF using a representative




number of samples).  Average concentrations of collform bacteria




to exceed 1000 per 100 ml, with 20% of samples not to exceed




2400 per 100 ml.




     (3)  Hydrogen-Ion Concentration  (pH).  pH values to be out-




side the range of 7.5 to 9.5.




     (4)  Temperature.  Daily average temperatures to exceed 70° F.




or the daily mean ambient air temperature, whichever is greater.









41-040  SPECIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC WATERS OF THE




                 MAIN STEM KLAMATH RIVER.




     The provisions of this section shall be in addition to and




not in lieu of the General Water Quality Standards contained in




Section 41-025, except where this section imposes a conflicting




requirement with the provisions of Section 41-025, this section




shall govern.  No wastes shall be discharged and no activities




shall be conducted which either alone or in combination with




other wastes or activities will cause in the waters of the




Klamath River:




     CD.  Dissolved Oxygen CDO).




          (a)  Main stem Klamath River from Klamath Lake to




Keno Regulating Dam located approximately 16 river miles above




the Oregon-California border}..  DO concentrations of surface




waters to be less than 5 milligrams per-liter unless caused by




natural conditions.

-------
           (b)   (Main stem Klamath River from Keno Regulating Dam




to Oregon-California border).  DO concentrations to be less than




7 milligrams per liter.




      (2)   Organisms of the Coliform Group Where Associated with




Fecal Sources.  (MPN or equivalent MF using a representative number




of samples).  Average concentrations of coliform bacteria to




exceed 1000 per 100 ml, with 20% of samples not to exeeed 2400 per 100 ml.




      (3)   Turbidity.  (Jackson Turbidity Units, JTU).  Turbidities




to exceed  5 JTU above natural background values except for certain




short-term activities which may be specifically authorized by the




Sanitary Authority under such conditions as it may prescribe and which




are necessary to accommodate essential dredging or construction




where turbidities in excess of this standard are unavoidable.




      (4)   Temperature.  Any measurable increase when river




temperatures are 72° F. or above, or more than 2° F. cumulative




increase when river temperatures are 70° F. or less.
                              67

-------
     (5)  Dissolved Chemical Substances.




Main stem Klamath River at the Oregon-California border.  Conduc-




ivity to exceed 400 micromhos at 77  F.




     (6)  Hydrogen-Ion Concentration.




(pH) pH values to be outside the range of 7.0 to 9.0.









41-045  SPECIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR THE PUBLIC WATERS OF




  MULTNOMAH CHANNEL AND THE MAIN STEM WILLAMETTE RIVER.




     The provisions of this section shall be in addition to and




not in lieu of the General Water Quality Standards contained in




Section 41-016, except where this section imposes a conflicting




requirement with the provisions of Section 41-016, this section




shall govern.  No wastes shall be discharged and no activities




shall be conducted which either alone or in combination with




other wastes or activities will cause in the waters of Multnomah




Channel or the Willamette River:




     (1)  Dissolved Oxygen.  (DO).




          (a)  (Multnomah Channel and main stem Willamette River




from mouth to the Willamette Falls at Oregon City, river mile




26.6).   DO concentrations to be less than 5 milligrams per liter.




          (b)  (Main stem Willamette River from the Willamette




Falls to Newberg, river mile 50.  DO concentrations to be less




than 6 milligrams per liter.




          (c)  (Main stem Willamette River from Newberg to Salem,




river mile 85.  DO concentrations to be less than 7 milligrams

-------
 per  liter.



           (d)   (Main  stem Willamette River from Salem to  con-




 fluence of  Coast  and  Middle Forks,  river mile  187).   DO concentra-




 tions  to be less  than 90% of  saturation.




      (2)  Organisms of the Coliform Group  Where Associated




 With Fecal  Sources.   (MPN or  equivalent MF using a representa-




 tive number of  samples).  Average  concentrations of coliform




 bacteria to exceed 1000 per 100 ml, with 20% of samples not  to




 exceed 2400 per 100 ml.




      (3)  Turbidity.   (Jackson Turbidity Units, JTU).  Turbidi-




 ties to exceed  5  JTU  above natural  background  values  except  for




 certain  short-term activities which may be specifically




 authorized  by the Sanitary Authority under such conditions as' it




may  prescribe and which are necessary  to accommodate  essential




 dredging or construction  where turbidities in  excess  of this




 standard are unavoidable.




      (4)  Temperature.




          (a)   (Multnomah Channel and  main stem Willamette River




 from mouth  to Newberg,  river mile 50).  Any measurable increase




when river  temperatures are 70° F.  or  above, or more  than




 2° F.  increase  when river temperatures are 68°  F.  or  less.




          (b)   Main stem  Willamette River  from Newberg to




 confluence  of Coast and Middle Forks,  river mile 187).  Any




measurable  increase when  river temperatures are 64° F. or above,




 or more  than 2° F. increase when the river temperatures are




 62°  F.  or less.

-------
      (5)  Dissolved Chemical Substances.  Guide concentrations

listed below to be exceeded except as nay be specifically author-

ized by the Sanitary Authority upon such conditions as it may deem

necessary to carry out the general intent of Section 41-010 of

this subdivision and to protect the beneficial uses set forth in

Table A.


                                             mg/1
           Arsenic (Asl                      0.01
           Barium (Ba)                       1.0
           Boron (Bo)                        0.5
           Cadmium (Cd)                      0.01
           Chloride (Cl)                    25.
           Chromium (Cr)                     0.05
           Copper (Cu)                       0.005
           Cyanide (CN)                      0.01
           Fluoride (F)                      1.0
           Iron (Fe)                         0.1
           Lead (Pb)                         0.05
           Manganese (Mnl                    0.05
           Phenols (totals).                  0.001
           Total dissolved solids          100.
           Zinc (Zn)                         0.1
           Heavy metals (Totals              0.5
             including Cu, Pb, Zn,
             and others of non-
             specific designation)

41-050  SPECIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR THE PUBLIC WATERS OF

       THE MAIN STEM OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER FROM THE EASTERN OREGON-

            WASHINGTON BORDER WESTWARD TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

      The provisions of this section shall be in addition to and

not in lieu of the General Water Quality Standards contained in

Section 41-025, except where this section imposes a conflicting

requirement with the provisions of Section 41-025, this section

shall govern.  No wastes shall be discharged and no activities
                              70

-------
shall be  conducted which either alone or in combination with




other wastes or activities will cause in the waters of the




Columbia  River:



      (1)  Dissolved Oxygen.   (DO)  DO concentrations to be




less than 90% of saturation.




      (2)  Organisms of the Coliform Group Where Associated With




Fecal Sources.  (JffN or equivalent MF using a representative




number of samples).




           (a)  (From the eastern Oregon-Washington boundary




downstream to the Interstate Highway 5 bridge between Vancouver,




Washington and Portland, Oregon).  Average concentrations of coli-




form bacteria to exceed 240 per 100 milliliters or to exceed




this value in more than 20 percent of the samples.




           (b)  From the Interstate Highway 5 bridge between




Vancouver, Washington and Portland, Oregon, to the mouth).




Average concentrations of coliform bacteria to exceed 1000




per 100 milliliters, with 20 percent of the samples not to




exceed 2400 per 100 milliliters.




      (3)  Turbidity.  (Jackson Turbidity Units, JTU).  Turbidities




to exceed 5 JTU above natural background values except for certain




short-term activities which may be specifically authorized by




the Sanitary Authority under such conditions as it may prescribe




and which are necessary to accommodate essential dredging or




construction where turbidities in excess of this standard




are unavoidable.
                           I :<

-------
     (4)  Hydrogen-Ion Concentration pH values to fall outside the

range of 7.0 to 8.5.

     (5)  Temperature.  Any measurable increase when river tempera-

tures are 68° F. or above, or more than 2  F. increase when river

temperatures are 66° F. or less.

     (6)  Dissolved Chemical Substances.   (Above the zone of marine

water intrusion, approximate river mile 40).  Guide concentrations

listed below to be exceeded except as may be specifically author-

ized by the Sanitary Authority upon such conditions as it may

deem necessary to carry out the general intent of Section 41-010

of this subdivision and to protect the beneficial uses set

forth in Table A.


                                             mg/1

          Arsenic (As)                       0.01
          Barium (Ba)                        1.0
          Boron (Bo)                         0.5
          Cadmium (Cd)                       0.01
          Chloride CCl)                     30.
          Chromium (Cr)                      0.05
          Copper (Cu)                        0.005
          Cyanide (CN)                       0.01
          Fluoride (F)                       1.0
          Iron (Fe)                          0.1
          Lead (Pb)                          0.05
          Manganese (Mn)                     0.05
          Phenols (totals)                   0.001
          Total dissolved solids           200.
          Zinc (Zn)                          0.1
          Heavy metals (Totals               0.5
            including Cu, Pb, Zn,
            and others of non-
            specific designation)

-------
4H05  SPECIAL WATER QUALITY AND WASTE TREATMENT STANDARDS



               FOR THE DESCHUTES RIVER BASIN.




     The provisions of these sections shall be in addition




to, and not in lieu of, existing STANDARDS OF QUALITY FOR




PUBLIC WATERS OF OREGON AND DISPOSAL THEREIN OF SEWAGE AND




INDUSTRIAL WASTES (Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340,




Division 4, Subdivision 1).  Where these sections impose




conflicting requirements with the provisions of Section




41-025, these sections shall govern.




     Special Water Quality Standards.  No wastes shall be




discharged and no activities shall be conducted which either




alone or in conjunction with other wastes or activities will




cause in the waters of the Deschutes River Basin:




     (11  Organisms of the Coliform Group where associated




with fecal sources.  (MPN or equivalent MF using a repre-




sentative number of samples).  To exceed an average concen-




tration of 240 per 100 mllliliters, except during periods of high




runoff.




     (2)  Dissolved Oxygen (DO).  Dissolved oxygen concentrations




to be less than 90 percent of saturation at the seasonal low,




or less than 95 percent of saturation in spawning areas during




spawning, incubation, hatching, and fry stages of salmonid




fishes.




     (3)  pH (Hydrogen-Ion Concentration).  pH values to fall




outside the range of 7.0 to 8.5.
                            73

-------
      (4)  Turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units, JTD).  Any





measurable increases in natural stream turbidities whan




natural stream turbidities are less than 30 JTU, or more than




a 10 percent cumulative increase in natural stream turbidities




when stream turbidities are more than 30 JTU, except for certain




short-term activities which may be specifically authorized by




the Department of Environmental Quality under such conditions




as it may prescribe and which are necessary to accommodate




essential dredging, construction, or other legitimate uses




or activities where turbidities in excess of this standard are




unavoidable.




      (5)  Temperature.  Any measurable increases when stream




temperatures are 58  F. or above, or more than 2  F. increases




when stream temperatures are 56° F. or less, except for certain




short-term activities which may be specifically authorized by




the Department of Environmental Quality under such conditions




as it may prescribe and which are necessary to accommodate




legitimate uses or activities where temperatures in excess




of this standard are unavoidable.




      Minimum standards for Treatment and Control of Wastes.




Prior to discharge or release to the public waters of the




Deschutes River Basin all wastes shall be treated or




controlled in accordance with the following:
                          74

-------
      (1)  Sewage.




          (a)  For tne Metolius River subbasin and the




Deschutes River Basin above the Bend Diversion Dam (River Mile




165), average effluent concentrations shall not exceed 5




milligrams per liter of 5-day 20° C. Biochemical Oxygen Demand  (BOD)




and 5 milligrams per liter of suspended solids (SS).




          (b)  For the Deschutes River from the Bend Diversion




Dam (RM 165) downstream to the Pelton Reregulating Dam




(RM 100) and for the Crooked River subbasin, average effluent




concentrations shall not exceed 10 milligrams per liter of 5-day




20  C. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and 10 milligrams per




liter of suspended solids (SS).




          (c)  For the Deschutes River from the Pelton




Reregulating Dam (RM 100) downstream to its mouth, average




effluent concentrations shall not exceed 20 milligrams per liter




of 5-day 20° C. Biochemical Oxygen Demand  (BOD) and 20




milligrams per liter suspended solids (SS).




          (d)  The treatment standards in item 1  (a) above.




applicable to the Metolius River subbasin and the Upper




Deschutes River basin, shall apply year round.  Treatment




standards in 1 (b) and 1  (c) above, applicable to the




Crooked River subbasin. and the middle and lower Deschutes




River, shall apply during the warm weather season, approximately




April 1 to October 31, and all treatment and control




facilities shall be operated at maximum efficiency so as to

-------
minimize waste discharges to public waters during the cold




weather season, approximately November 1 to March 31.




          (e)  All sewage wastes shall be disinfected, after




treatment, equivalent to thorough mixing with sufficient




chlorine to provide a residual of at least 1 part per million




after 60 minutes of contact time.




          (f)  Positive protection shall be provided to




prevent bypassing raw or inadequately treated sewage to




any public waters.




          (g)  More stringent waste treatment and control




requirements may be imposed, especially in headwater and




tributary streams, where waste loads may be large relative




to stream flows.




     (2)  Industrial and Agricultural Wastes.  Industrial and




agricultural waste treatment or control requirements shall




be determined on an individual basis In accordance with the




provisions of Sections 41-010, 41-015, 41-020, 41-025 and




41-030 of Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340.




          (a)  Where industrial or agricultural effluents




contain significant quantities of potentially toxic elements,




treatment requirements shall be determined utilizing




appropriate bioassays.




     (3)  General.  All persons proposing developments within




the Deschutes River Basin shall fully explore, with the aid




of competent engineering assistance, all feasible alternative
                              75

-------
methods of waste disposal.  First consideration shall be given




to systems which have no direct discharges to surface waters,




and in every case installation of a system shall be required




which will provide not only adequate protection but the




best possible protection of the overall environmental quality




of the area.
Hist:  Filed 33-3-70 as DEQ 4.

-------
            Stale of
         Vl&shingion

         Department
          ofBooIogy
WATER  QUALITY  STANDARDS
        JUNE 19,1973
Donicl J. Cvoni, fjw
       Jolm A. Ci;;*, Director  Olyiopio, V/cshlni.-ion 90001 Telephone (200) 703-2000



                  78

-------
      (23)   Colu-bia River  fron r.outh to  the        Class A
Kashir.gton-Orcron border  (rivc.-r mile 3C9).
Spade. 1  cor.di t.icn - tcr.pcr .Tty.ro - water
temperature;; shall net exceed u3° F. due  in  part
to neasur.-'ble  (0.5° F.) increases resulting  fro:^
Jiur.nn  activities; nor shall  such tcrr.pc-rature
increases,  at  any ti. -.-.•, exceed 2° F. due  to  all
such activities  ccr.bincu.   Dissolved oxygen
shall  c.xcec-;! 90t of. saturation.   Delow in tier state
highway  No.  5  bridro.  Total  roJJ. : o_rp crc:.~'.:':i r-r'.s
shall  i:ot  e::C'_-cci :r<:diar. values o. i,OiJt) v:ier. less
than 20 v of  sanplcr, exceeding 2,'IQO wlien  associ-
ated with  any  fecal source.
      (24)   Colur.bia river  fron v.'ashir.aton -        Class 'A
Oregon border  (river nile  309)  to Grand
Coulee Da:n  (river r.ilc 5?5)..  S r •? c i r 1 cor, dj t i nn^
                                          '
fron ',;.-jrhinr;tori-Orc-ron border  (river nij'o 30'.')
to Pric-r.t  rapids P.-i:-.\ (river nilc  397) .
water tcr.per.-.tures rliill r.ot  exceed GG° 'I-', ciuc   n
part to i..easurable (0.5° F.)  increases resulting fron
hunan Activities;  nor shall such  terr.poraturc  increase.-,,
at any tir.o,  exceed t => 110/(T-15); for purposes
hereof, 1-t" represents the pernissivc increase  and
"T" rcprcscr.  r>  the water te.-.pcrature due to all
caur s cor-b::.od.
     (2i>)  Colu.-r.bia River fron  Grand Coulee Dan   Class AA
(river nilc 595)  to Canadian  border (river nile
742).

-------
HEW       WAC 17' .iOl-030  	GENERAL  WATER USE AI3D CRITERIA
     CLASSES.  'i'7;:.-"following criteria  shall  be  applicable to the
     various dances of waters in the  State  of  Washington:
          (1)  Clnr.s A A  (Extraordinary) •
          (a)  General characteristic.  Water quality of this class
     shall markedly and uniformly exceed'the requirements for all-
     or substantially all uses.
          (b)  Characteristic uses.  Characteristic uses shall
     include, but are not limited to the following:
          (i) .. Water supply  (domestic,  industrial,  agricultural).
          (ii)   Wildlife habitat, stock watering.
          (iii)   General recreation and aesthetic  enjoyment (pic-
     nicking, hiking, fishing, swimming, skiing, an.d boating).
          (iv)   General marine recreation  and navigation.
          (v)  Fish and shellfish reproduction,  rearing, and har-
     vest.                           •
          (c)  V?ater quality criti ria.
        .  (i)  Total colifor.T. orr.-nisres shall not  exceed median
     values of 5~0 (fresh water) or 70  ("marine water)  with less than
     10% of samples exceeding 230 when  associated  with any  fecal
     source.
          (ii)   Dissolved oxygen shall  exceed 9.5  mg/1 (fresh
     water)  or 7.0 i.-.g/l  (marine water).
          {iii)   Tc-tal dissolve^] gas -  the conco ^ration of total
     dissolved gas shall not exceed 110% of  saturation at any point
     of sample collection.
          (iv?   Tcrr.ocraturc - water temperatures shall not  exceed
     60° F.  (ires!) water) or 55° F.  (marine  v/ater)  due in part to
     measurable  (0.5° F.) increases resulting from  human activities;
     nor shall such tcrr.paretnre increases, at any  tir.e,  exceed
     t = 75/(T-22) (fresh water) or t =* 24/(T-39)  (marine water);
     for purposes hereof "t" represents the  permissive increase and
     "T" represents the water temperature due to all  causes combined,
          (v)  pM^ shall bo within the range  of  6.5  to 8.5  (fresh
     water)  or 7.0 to C.5 (marine water) with an induced variation
     of.less than 0.1 units.
          (vi)   Turbidity shall not exceed 5 JTU over natural
     conditions.
          (vii)   Toxic, rndiorictivo, or dcloteriour. n.itcrxal
     c_onc£n_t:^£itiohs_ .'J:iaTl be less i.'ian ti;.'b"se wiucii  i.uy aii'ect
     piib"lic'"I]eV4in>7 the natural aquatic environment,  or  the desir-
     ability of  the water Jor any u:;nc;c.
          (viii)   A e:: the '.• j. c v a 3 u c n shall not be  impaired by the
     presence of  material:, or their effects, excluding those of
     natural origin,  whi;h offend the censes of  sight,  smell,  touch

          '    '                                                    2.

-------
           C_f..r;iJ   (J
      (a)   Gcnu'ra'jL c.. M7;: ever I:; tic.  Water quality of this class
 tin all moot or exceed the requirements for all or substantially
 all uses.
      (b)   Characteristic ur.cs.  Characteristic uses shall
 include,  but nre not limited to, the following:
      (i)   Water supply (domestic, industrial, agricultural) .
      (ii)   Wildlife habitat, stock watering.
      (iii)   Goner;*! recreation and aesthetic enjoyment  (pic-
 nicking,  hiking, fishing, swinging, skiing tnd boating).
      (iv)   Ccmraercc and navigation.
      (v)   Fish and shellfish reproduction, rearing and harvest.
      (c)   Water quality criteria.
      (i)   Tot.;-i 1 coli form orcani r.;nr. shall not exceed median
 value of  2TO (frei.h wr.cer)  'with less than 2Gt of Samples
 exceeding  1,000 when associated with any fecal sources or 70
 (marine water)  with less than 101 of samples exceeding 230
 when associated with any fecr.l sources.
      (ii)   Disr.olvcid oxyocn shall exceed 8.0 ng/1 (fresh
 water)  or  6.0 r.;~c:7T (marine  water).
      (iii)   Total dissolved oas - the concentration of total
 dissolved  gas shall not. exceed llOt of saturation at any point
 of sample  collection.
      (iv)   Tcnvjc-rnturc - water temperatures shall not exceed
 G5e F.  (fresh water)  or 61° F. (marine- water) due in part to
 measurable (0.5° F.)  increases resulting from human activities;
 nor shall  such temperature  increases, at any time, exceed' t =
  90/{T-19)  (fresh water)  or t = 40/{T-35) (marine water); for
 purports hereof "t" represents the permissive increase and  "T"
 represents the water temperature due to  all causes combined.
      (v) p_M shall be within the rcnga of 6.5 to 0.5 (fresh
 water)  or  7.0 to 8.5 (marine v/ater)  with an induced variation
•of less than 0.25 units.
      (vi)   Turbidity shall  not exceed 5  JTU over natural con-
 ditions.
      (vii)   Toxic, radioactive, or deleterious material
 concent rat ions shall be below those o;; public health signifi-
 cance,  or  which r.ay cause acute or chronic toxic conditions
 to the  aquatic biota,  or which ir.ay adversely affect any water
 use.                                 •                    >
      (viii)   Aesthetic values shall not  be impaired by the
 presence of materials  or their effects,  excluding those of
 natural origin, which  offend the senses  of sight, smell, touch,
 or ta-to.                                                '
      (3)   Clans B (Good).
      (a)   General characteristic.   VJatcr quality of this class
 shall meet  or exceed the requirements for most uses.
      (b)   Characteristic uses.   Characteristic uses shall
'include, but are not  limited to,  the following:
      (i)   Industrial  and agricultural water supply.
      (ii)   Fishery and wildlife habitat.
      (iii)   General  recreation and. ccr.thetic enjoyment (pic-
nicking, hiking,  fishing, and boating).
      (iv)   Stock watering.
      (v)   Corxr.erce and  navigation.
      (vi)   Shellfish reproduction and rearing, and cructacca
 (crabs, shrimp,  etc.)  harvest.
      (c)  Water quality criteria.
      (i)  Total colilorn  ornanisr.n shall not exceed median
values  of l"7cT6"0  with le::s than 10t  of samples exceeding 2,400
when associated  with any  fecal  source.
                                                              3.
                                     81

-------