RIVER BASIN WA1ER QJLJIALITY
STATUS REPORT
Kodiak Basin
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION REGION X SEATTLE WASHINGTON
1975
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PROFILE SUMMRRV
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FORWARD
This-basin status report is-one of 27 scheduled for
completion in Region X of EPA for the calendar year 1975. The
information presented herein is based upon all of the documented
data available to EPA at the time of the report distribution.
Several of these reports include a. minimal amount of infor-
mation which may not be enough to adequately evaluate the water
quality status of the basin. We feel that it is important to dis-
tribute these reports regardless of the availability of data since
the knowledge of a lack of data is also important to the decision
makers.
A report update is scheduled annually, therefore, additional
data made available in 1975 will be included in the next report.
We welcome comments on this report as well as information con-
cerning additional data and/or sources where additional data might
be obtained. Any correspondence can be addressed to Bill Schmidt,
Chief, Water Quality Monitoring Section, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle,
Washington, 98101. Telephone (206) (442-1193).
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
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INTRODUCTION
Data on the Kocliak Basin of Alaska, perhaps because of
its remote location, is rather limited. Studies of water
quality in the area are further hampered by the unusual dual
nature of the area. Both ambient freshwater conditions and
marine conditions plus their causes must be considered.
This report attempts to address these problems. The
first part of the report deals with ambient data from the
two existing freshwater stations for which there is adequate
information. Table 1 in the Ambient Section shows the lack
of ambient data in the Kodiak Basin for the existing water
quality stations. The second part of the report presents
cause and effect studies of marine waters. This portion of
the report is based entirely on two Environmental Protection
Agency surveys performed in 1971 and 1974.
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SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Basin No. 9 - Kodiak Alaska
At the time of the August 1971 Environmental Protection
Agency's survey the state waste discharge permitting agency had
not issued a permit to any of the Kodiak seafood processors.
The only constraints on the waste waters from the Kodiak seafood
processors up to 1972 were those under state regulations requiring
grinding of wasted seafood animal parts and disposal of waste
waters at a depth not less than 7 fathoms (42 ft.). Therefore,
none of the 15 processors located in the Gibson Cove-Kodiak
Harbor area were providing any treatment of their waste waters
for removal of any pollutants, and only a few occasionally
ground the wasted animal parts.
In 1973 the Environmental Protection Agency issued permits
to each of these processors; these permits have required
screening of processing waste waters with the option of meeting
an effluent limitation of 2 milligrams solids per liter of
sample. The processors have elected to meet the screening
requirement of the permits which expired on May 31, 1975.
The following points illustrate the changes in water quality
that have taken place between 1971 and 1974 in relation to
seafood processing effluents in the Gibson Cove-Kodiak Harbor
area, and also conditions existing in the freshwater stations.
FRESHWATER
1. Myrtle Creek near Kodiak
a. Nitrate values exceed the Algal Bloom Potential
Level for the months of March, April, and
September.
pg. 26
2. Uganik River near Kodiak
a. Nitrate values for March, April, and September
exceed the Algal Bloom Potential Level.
pg. 32
MARINE WATER
1. Gibson Cove
a. As in the August 1974 survey, all determinations
for Dissolved Oxygen at the mouth of Gibson Cove,
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SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Basin No. 9 - Kodiak Alaska
MARINE WATER
1. Gibson Cove (cont)
a. Station 1, were above the 6.0 mg/1 standards
criterion. However, it should be noted that
even though the Dissolved Oxygen concentrations
were above the 6.0 mg/1 criterion at Station 1
during both the August 1971 and August 1974
surveys, the Dissolved Oxygen was decidely
lower in 1974 than 1971, due to the expansion
of New England Fish Company and the establish-
ment of Bio-Dry, Inc.
Pg- 40-41
b. Dissolved Oxygen values at Station 1A in the
top 1 meter of the water column occasionally
fall below the 6.0 mg/1 standard due to
discharges from New England Fish Company.
Station 1A x^as not established at the time of
the 1971 survey.
pg-40
c. Dissolved Oxygen concentrations exceed the
6.0 mg/1 standards criterion in the top.1
meter at Station IB. But a D.O. value less
than 6.0 mg/1 exists in the bottom water
column in the vicinity of Bio-Dry, Inc.
pg. 40
d. pH values below the standards criterion range,
7.5 to 8.5 mg/1, occur at Station 1A (New
England Fish Company).
pg.39
2. Kodiak Harbor
a. Dissolved Oxygen concentrations at Station 2,
King Crab, -far exceeded the standards criterion
in 1971, but fell below this criterion in
both the surface and bottom layers in 1974.
Pg. 40-41
b. Dissolved Oxygen values violated the standards
criterion in the top 1 meter during both the
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SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Basin No. 9 - Kodiak Alaska
2. Kodiak Harbor (cont)
b. 1971 and 1974 surveys at Station 2A, Alaska
Pacific Foods. The bottom values exceeded
6.0 mg/1 for both years, but was decidely
lower than 1971.
pg. 40-41
c. Dissolved Oxygen concentrations in the top
1 meter of Station 3, B & B Fisheries, have
improved to the point where they do exceed the
standards criterion, but the level of water
quality at depth has declined since 1971.
pg. 40-41
d. Dissolved Oxygen values have shown an improvement
in the top 1 meter of the water column at
Station 4, Kinnear & Wendt, from a low of
1.3 mg/1 in 1971 to 4.5 mg/1 in 1974 although
they still violate the standards criterion.
D.O. concentrations exceed the 6.0 mg/1
criterion at depth for the 1974 survey whereas
this was violated in 1971.
pg. 40-41
e. Skookum Chief (Northern Processors) shows the
most marked improvement over time. At the
time of the 1971 survey Station 5 had a low
Dissolved Oxygen value of 1.3 mg/1 in the top
1 meter. In comparison, the 1974 survey showed
a low of 6.2 mg/1,with all values exceeding
the standards criterion.
pg. 40-41
f. In the Kodiak Harbor reaches from Stations 7
to 9, Dissolved Oxygen concentrations less
than 6.0 mg/1 were not found during either
the August 1971 or August 1974 surveys.
Although a decrease in Dissolved Oxygen in
these waters is apparent.
pg. 40-41
g. pH values at Station 2A fall below the
standards criterion range 7.5 to 8.5 mg/1.
for 1974.
pg. 39 I
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SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Basin No. 9 - Kodiak Alaska
2. Kodiak Harbor (cont)
h. pH values above the standards criterion
range, 7.5 to 8.5 mg/1 occur at Stations
5 and 6 for 1974.
Pg-39
Further inspection of data at Stations 2 through 6 indicate
that the lowest Dissolved Oxygen concentrations found during
the 1974 survey (4.5 mg/1) are higher than those measured
during the 1971 survey (1.3 mg/1). Comparison of the average
Bissolved Oxygen values less than 6.0 mg/1 for the August 1974
survey with those for the August 1971 data reveal that the
former values are higher than the latter, 5.2 mg/1 and 4.1 mg/1,
respectively. Thus it is concluded that the installation and
operation of screening equipment for solids removal at the
canneries in this reach of Kodiak Harbor has resulted in a
perceptible improvement in the Dissolved Oxygen concentrations
in the associated water course. However, the improvement is
incomplete in terms of the Alaska Water Quality Standards criterion
for this parameter because Dissolved Oxygen concentrations less
than the 6.0 mg/1 standards criterion were still apparent,
most notably in the top 1 meter, during the August 1974 survey.
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY '
Industrial waste sources contribute between 90 and 100% of
BOD5, Phosphorous, COD, Suspended Solids, and Settleable Solids
to the Kodiak Basin. Municipal sources contribute the majority
of the Nitrate Nitrogen (approximately 92%).
BOTTOM DEPOSIT SUMMARY
Chemical data for 1971 and 1974 reveal that no major changes
have occurred in the bottom deposits of Gibson Cove and
Kodiak Harbor. Breaks in discharge lines have hampered \
improvement in water quality in the cove.
General improvements in the biological aspects of the
bottom deposits were noted during the 1974 survey. It is
evident that installation of screens in process wastewater
lines since 1971 has resulted in improved water quality in
the bottom reaches of Kodiak Harbor.
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DATA SUMMARY
BASIN NO.9 KODIAK ALASKA
Data Needs
O
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Data Available Data Deficien?
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Modeling
Standards
W.Q
Physical
1. Receiving Water
2,r Reservoirs
3. Outfall Information
4. Tributaries & Diversions
5. Groundwater Accretions
JC
P
X
Meteorological
Water Quantity
1* Steamflow
2. Stage, Tide
3, Point Source Discharge
4. Non-Point Source Discharge
5. Lake & Res, Water Levels
X
11
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>£_
Water Quality
1._ Ca rbon da t a
2, Nutrients
3. Metals
4.' D.O., Temp., pH, Cond
5, Pesticides
6»-Transfer Ratio
X.
X
Biological
1. Phytoplankton & Zooplankton
2. Benthic Macroinvertebrat'es
3, Microorganisms
4. Algal & bio assays
Sediments
1. Chemical Composition
2. Partical Size
3. Pesticides
4= Transfer Ratio
C
X
&.
P
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BflSIN DESCRIPTION
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60°-
APPROXIMATE 200m CONTOUR
L_ 1
156
152'
I50C
Figure 1. Kodiak Island region, Alaska.
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BASIN DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Kodiak Island lies in the middle of Alaska's Pacific coastline
at the center of one of the world's most important fisheries.
Significant quantities of salmon and'halibut, as veil as King, Tanner
and Dungeness Crab are taken from the waters around Kodiak. Over
$18 million worth of this catch makes Kodiak the-nation's second largest
fishing port.
The climate in the Kodiak area is typical high latitude maritime,
characterized by high precipitation and relatively mild temperatures.
Mean seasonal temperature variation is only about 12°F, around a
mean annual temperature of approximately hO F. Average precipitation
is approximately 60 inches, of which'10% falls as snow. Local weather
patterns are dominated by the oceanic influence of the warm Alaska
current, a branch of the Kuroshio system which flows in a counter-
clockwise gyre in the Gulf of Alaska. The interaction of this warm
ocean water and its associated winds with the cold glacial waters of
the Alaskan coast can produce short, violent storms in any season.
Kodiak Harbor & Gibson Cove
The city of Kodiak has the greatest concentration of seafood
processing plants in the state, where 15 seafood processing establishments
discharge wastes to the marine waters of Gibson Cove and Kodiak
Harbor (Figure 2). The lU seafood processing plants operating in the
Kodiak Harbor area, located on the waterfront of the city of Kodiak,
processed 110 million pounds of fishery products in 1971- Based on the
records of these ik plants, an estimated 72 million pounds of wastes
from these facilities were discharged without treatment to Kodiak Harbor.
Other than the wastewater discharges from a few municipal sewers
and the seafood processors, there are no major sources of non-saline
water in the Gibson Cove-Kodiak Harbor area. Thus, the waters of this
area'are decidely marine rather than estuarine. Gibson Cove is
a small-bean-shaped embayment protruding inland from St. Paul Harbor
which provides ready access to the open ocean waters of Chiniak Bay.
The cove is only about 600 yards long and 225 yards wide with a 90 yard
wide connection to St. Paul Harbor, and with a maximum depth of only
5 fathoms. Currently there is only one seafood processing facility
located in the cove, but plans are being made to locate two more here.
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Kodiak Harbor, located northeasterly of Gibson Cove about one-half
mile, is a narrow channel formed by Gull, Uski, and Near Islands.
The harbor is 1.76 miles long and varies in width from 600 yards on
its westerly end to about 110 yards near the easterly end; it has
a maximum depth of 13 fathoms. Fourteen seafood processing facilities
are located on the north shore of Kodiak Harbor, and more than
half of the 1^ are concentrated along a 2100 yard length of the
waterfront.
Physical Oceanography
The Kodiak Shelf is made up of two distinct water types, one
oceanic and one coastal type. The inshore waters, as seen in Shelikof
Strait, tend to be relatively cold and of low salinity, while the
offshore Gulf of Alaska waters have both higher temperatures and
salinities. Typical values for the inshore water type would be a
salinity of 30-37%» and temperatures ranging ^-7°C; the offshore
waters are characterized by salinities greater than 32% and temperatures
ranging up to 10°C. In the entire Kodiak Shelf region oxygen concen-
trations are close to saturation values in all the shallower waters,
a result of rapid mixing and high local organic productivity.
Shelikof Strait - •
Shelikof Strait, which separates Kodiali Island from the mainland,
is the principal connection between Cook Inlet and the ocean (Figure l).
Outflowing relatively fresh waters dominate the mainland side
of the Straits, with a corresponding upwelling of deeper oceanic
waters to the East. This effect is due to coriolis deflection of
the water currents. A halocline exists at both the north and south
ends of the strait, and a thermocline is present in parts of the
Strait, but salinity seems to be the parameter controlling the water
structure.
Previous Studies
Several studies have been conducted in the waters around Kodiak
Island. A preliminary oceanographic study was conducted by the
University of Alaska in June of 19^7• The results of this cruise
were held in anticipation of more comprehensive cruises in the area,
which as of yet has not been possible. The Alaska Operations Office
of -the Environmental Protection Agency conducted a study, during
May of 1971 to determine the effects of discharge of untreated seafood
wastes on water quality in St. Paul Harbor and Gibson Cove. The
results of this study showed that each of the seafood processing plants
has contributed untreated wastewater discharges which violated'
the Alaska Water Quality Standards.
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Further study by the-Alaska Operations Office took place in
August 197^- This survey was undertaken to determine the present
quality of the waste receiving waters and to determine the improvements,
if any, that have occured in water quality as a result of
installation of screening systems by the seafood processors.
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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
The present Alaska Water Quality Standards (4) designate the
marine waters of the state, including Gibson Cove and Kodialc Harbor as
Class ,C, D, E, and G. Beneficial uses of marine waters include water
contact recreation, industrial water supply, growth and propagation
of aquatic life and x^aterfowl, fur-bearers and other water-associated
life. The standards criteria associated with marine waters that.
are of particular interest in this report are those for dissolved
oxygen, residues in the form of floating solids and sludge deposits,
and toxic substances. Of the various classifications, Class D and
E have the most stringent criteria:
Dissolved Oxygen
Class D - greater than 6 mg/1 in salt water
Class E - greater than 6 mg/1 in the larvae stage. Greater
than 5 mg/1 in the adult stage.
Residues
Class D — residues may not make the receiving water unfit or
unsafe for the uses of this classification; nor cause a film
or sheen upon, or discoloration of, the surface of the water
or adjoining shoreline; nor cause a sludge or emulsion to be
deposited beneath or upon the surface of the water, xjithin the
water column, on the bottom or upon adjoining shorelines.
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Residues shall be less than those levels which cause tainting
problems as determined by bioassay.
i
Class E - same as Class D.
Toxic Substances
Class D - Concentrations shall be less than those levels which
cause tainting of fish, less than acute or chronic problem levels
as revealed by bioassay or other appropriate methods and below
concentrations affecting the ecological balance.
Class E - same as Class D.
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flMBIENT PROFILE
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AMBIENT PROFILE TABLE OF CONTENTS
Freshwater Streams
U.S.G.S. Station Number
Myrtle Creek near Kodiak
Uganik River near Kodiak
Marine Waters
15297200
15296000
Station Number
Gibson Cove
1A - Gibson Cove
1 - Mouth Gibson Cove
IB - Bio-Dry
Kodiak Harbor
2A - Alaska Pacific Foods
2 - King Crab
3 - B & B Fisheries
4 - Kinnear-Wendt
5 - Skookum Chief
6 - Northern Processors
7 - Pt. Chehalis Packers
7A - Alaska Packers Ass.
8 - Whitney-Fidalgo
9 - Buoy
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FRESHWATER STREAMS
'LEGEND.
O TOWNS $ VILLAGES
•MILITARY INSTALLATIONS.
CANNERIES
O 5 10
20
AWD
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TABLE 1
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* STAi,ON MAMF
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.SUMMARY
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00400 I 71850 |
PH INITRATE I
ITOT-N03 I
SU I MG/L I
00405' I 00410 I 00900 I 00.9 1 5 _.r 00425 *
r,02 I T ALK ITUT .HARDICALCIUM IMGNSIUM *
I CAC03 I CACU3 ICA.OISS |MG,D1SS *
MG/I. | MG/L I MG/L I MG/L- 'I MG/L *
RTLF CRFFK NFAR KOPIAK
.0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 48/10/04
15297200 117WKO 49/04/19
5 1 /04/1 8
51 /05/05
51/05/14
5 1 /06/06
51 /06/14
51/11/71
57/07/1 1
57/03/12
57/04/1 8
57/05/07
57/06/1 7
57/07/16
57/09/13
57/09/79
56/03/79
56/05/12
57/07/07
61/10/17
68/06/19
68/07/30
68/07/3]
68/07/31
69/01 /OH
69/O?/ 18
69/09/16
70/04/1 5
70/04/15
70/05/17
70/05/77
70/06/74
70/08/03
70/10/13
70/1 0/13
70/1 1/10
70/1 1/10
70/1 1/11
71/01 /05
71 /01/05
71 /03/18
71 /05 /75
71 /05/75
71 /07/71
71 /09/08
71 /I 0/1 4
77/01 /04
77/07/74
STATION
1730
0930
1500
1 500
1430
1400
1800
0900
OROO
1100
1 700
1300
1010
1540'
1110
1 100
1030
1 ?oo
1710
1700
1 700
1 130
1915
1345
1 350
1 750
1300
1100
1370
1 100
1 305
1310
1 745
1030
1 330
1 700
1500
MEAN
1 .5
1.0
5.5
8.5
8.5
0.0
i
0.5
1.0
7-.0
6.0
6. '5
6.0
5.5
0.5
11.0
8.0
9.0
0. 0
0.0
8.0
3.0
7.5-
7.5
7.0
10.5
7.0
7.0
4.5
4.5
1 .0
1 .0
0.5
0.5
0.5
6.5
7.0
4.5
0,0
0.5
4.3
14.0
*
16.0
16.0
' 59.0
730.0
77.0
1 .5
V.8
58.4
47.8
43.0
48 ,fl
49 . 0
36.7
18.0
27.0
72.0
186 .0
186.0
748.0
51.0
51.0
3.8
30] .0
301 .0
721.0
54,0
24.0
9 .9
1 .8
79 .8
10
30
10
10
-10
5
5
5
5
15
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
0
5
5
15
0
0
0
0
7
.
7.9
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.2
1 7.2
7.2
7.5
•7.3
7.2
6.5
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.5
7.2
7.5
6.7
7.1
'7.7
7.4
7.1
7.0
6.7
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.1 '
6.6
7.2
1. 10
7.00
2.80
1.80
1 .00
0.80
1.00
1 . 10
1.10
1.60
1.60
0.90
0.70
1.60
0.90
0.40
•
1.80
0.20
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.80
1.60
1.40
0.80
0.50
I
1.30
1.40
1.11'
,
0.9
4.4
2.9
7.4
1.6
5.5
5.7.
5.6
2.7
4.3
2.8
17.0
11.0
6.9
6.3
2.5
6.7
2.1
3.8
1.3
0.8
1.3
4.5
41 .0
53.0
38.0
36.0
30.0
30.0
21.0
44.0
43.0
4b.O
44.0
44.0"
23.0
28.0
34.0
35.0
51.0
40.0
54.0
43.0
10.0
8.0
21.0
16.0
9.0
3.0
• 5.5
6.0
9 .0
5.0
4.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
26.3
43
•
42
40
35
30
20
47
50
51
51
52
77
30
36
42
49
42
50
42
9
8
74
17
12
8
7
8
H
10
11
12
10
1.6
9
28,
• 13.0
14.0
13.0
11.0
9. J
. 5.7
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
8. '4
10.0
13.0
]3.0
15.0
13.0
16.0
15.0
2.7
2.3
8.6
6.3
3.fr
2.2
2.0
2.2
2.4
3.0
4.5
9.6
2.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.3
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.6
3.0
1.5
1.3
1.2
2.3
2.9
2.2
2.5
1.1
0.6
0.5
0.8
0.4
. 0.7
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
1.0
|««i
^01
1.5
-------
* STATION M4MF
* STnuFT H / n 7 / 3 l
^H/07/31
69/01 /08
'S9/OP/1 B
A4/O9/ 1 A
70/04/1 5
70/04/ 1 5
70/05/1 7
70/05/77
70/0^/24
70/OR/03
70/10/13
70/1 0/13
70/1 I /10
70/1 1/11
71 /n\ /05
71 /03/1R
71 /05/?5
71 /07/?1
71 /09/Ofl
71/10/14
7?/ni /04
77/0?/?4
ST/U ION
1730
0930
1 500
1 500
1430
1400
1.ROO
0900
0800
1100
l?00
1300
1 0 1 0"
1 540
1110
1 1.00
1 030
1 POO
1P.10
1 700
1 700
1 130
1915
1345
1350
1250
1 100
1320
1 100
1310
1 745
1 030
1330
1200
1 500
MF. AN
1
2
A
4
4
3
?
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
5
3
.80
.00
.10
.50
.00
.00
. AO
. 1 0
.00
.up
.90
.30'
.00
.90
.30
.20
.34'
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
r.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
90
HO
50
hO
30
2.0
10
20
,"r
r
90
10
21)
30
20
30
30
44
2
7
3'
2
'1
0
.0
5
5
5
5
5
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
1
3
3
4
2
5
3
5
5
3
3
11
3
.0
.0
.4
.2
.9
.5
.2
.2
.5
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.0
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,H
.5
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.4
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.2
.0
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. 3
.3
.9
.0
.7
.5
.5
.0
.4
tf
11
9
5
3
4
5
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10
10
9
10
A
5
5
7
4
5
4
4
3
2
6
4
A
3
2
0
2
4
2
5
0'
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.10
. 10
.00
.20
.30
.10
.00
.10
.10
.00
.00
.20
.10
.00
. 10
.20
.00
.10
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.20
. 10
.'10
.30
*
.00
.10
9.6
6.3
7.5
6.5
5.H
3.H
7.9
7.4
7.4
6.H
7.6
5.1
7.1
7.5
fl.4
a. 4
7.3
5.2
5.R
4.3
4.1
5.R
6.0
4,2
4.7
^.2
5.6
4.7
6.2
66
h4
58
44
44
32
73
74
7-7
72
76
4]
43
53
57
70
61
24
22
M
30
31
25
22
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2.0
27
35
47
2.
1.
3.
25.
6.
0.
0.
3.
2.
2.
1'.
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1.
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0.
3.
64'
04
50
50
24
09-
1 5
94
55
78
9B
12
60
36
B2,
2
5
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4
1
1
1
2
1
3
9
1
1
J4
31
3
1
2
1
9
0.09
O.HO
b.oo
0.63
' 0.12
0.13
0. 10
0. 10
0.06
• 0.50
6.00
1 0.14
0.01
7h.OO
18.00
0.44
0.06
'0.0&
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b ,4V
-------
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n.n/ n.n/ n.o
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*H/07/31 M in
STATION HFftN
1 CENT ,| CFS
R.n 730.0
R.O 730.0
•T.S
0
n
1 . 511 1 HG/L
7.7 0.30
7.7 0.30
MR/I. 1 M(,/|.
7.1 .0
71.11
1 «B/L ' 1
74
74
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B.6
R.6
1 "<•/!.
0.8
0.8
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n.o / n.ii / n.n
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MATIDN MEAN
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M1/ni/7ft 1030 ,
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1 5 i 0
15,0
2.7 . l«t,7
72
74
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6.3
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f,i, /n', /7ft
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57/07/1"
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ftu/01/10 1400
ft»/03/7ft 0970
ft«/01/7ft 1 MO
ftX/03/77 1500
ft»/nwn9 17IS
ftM/Oft/l" 1730
ftX/dft/19 1115
ftX/07/31 1710
ft«/07/1l I70rt
ftft/HR/O7 15OO
ft»/(\R/n7 1101
ft»/oa/in
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70/O4/I 4 1141
70/04/14 |1VI
70/05/77 1 1 1*0
7(1/05/77 1 700
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3
3
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2
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0.70 7 .?
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0.60 4.R
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SEF CX5T
DSD
-------
SOURCE PROFILE
-------
TABLE 2
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
PARAMETER
BODc
N03 - NITRATE
TOTAL PHOS.
COD
SUSP. SOL.
SET. SOL.
INDUSTRIAL
#/day %
9^278.7
23.2
1135
262996.2
2155^1.7
3^1571.6
98.9
8.1*
92.0
100
100
100
MUNICIPAL
#/day %
i
10 1*9. 8
25^. U
98. \
~
-
~~
1.1
91.6
8.0
-
-
—
- No data available
-------
TABLE 3
DISCHAP.OSR
Povells Trailer Court
Old Harbor Beverage
Systen
CUy of Kodiok
DOT Coast Guard
Ease Kodiai
EOT Coast Guard Base
Spruce Cepe Loran
DOT Coast Guard
Sitkinak Loran Sta.
RECEIVING-
WATER
KODIAK BASIN
Municipal Point Sources
POP.
FLOW
MOD
BOD
Ib/d
T.PHOS,
Ib/d
HO,
IWd
Chiniak Bay 200 .0015 3^.0
Sitkalidok Strt. 500 o;05 -57.0
St. Paul Harbor 5000 1.0 850
St. Paul Harbor 5000 0.5 70,0
Gulf of Alaska 200 .0001 It.8
Gulf of Alaska 200 .0001 slt.O
3.2
5.U
81.0
6.7
3.2
1.9
U.lt
ltT.9
'1*0.7
1.6
1.9
It.5
1(8.7
ltl.lt
1.6
1.9
12.3
123.3
10k. 8
lt.2
1*.9
1.9
It.8
1*8.5
1*1.2
1.7
1.9
* Indicates less than
CO
-------
TABLE 4
INDUSTRIAL POINT SOURCES
Discharger
Pan Alaska Fisheries
Pacific Pearl Seafood
(Martin Plant)
Pacific. Pearl Seafood
(Roxanne Plant)
Pacific Pearl Seafood
(Kinnear-Wendt )
North Pacific Processors
Alaska Packers Ass .
Alaska-Shell Inc.
B & B Fisheries
Alaska Packers Ass.
Alaska Pacific Seafood
East Point Seafood
Columbia-Wards Fisheries
(icy Cape Cannery)
Wakefield Seafoods
RECEIVING
WATER
St. Paul Harbor
Kodiak Harbor
St. Paul Harbor
St. Paul Harbor
"Kodiak Harbor
Larsen Bay
Jap Bay
St. Paul Harbor
Kodiak Harbor
St. Paul Harbor
St. Paul Harbor
Kodiak Harbor
Kizhuyak Bay
BOD %
MGD lb/d
0.252
0.162
0.116
0.205
0.065
0.11*3 3176.8 3.1*
0.288 1*300 fc.6
0.508
0.1*15
0.33U
0.67
0.0035
0.003 1.1 *
N03 % T.PHOS. % SUSP. SOL.
lb/d lb/d lb/d
- - 698.9
136.5
- - 2l*l*.2
567.3
- 160.6
1.7 7-3 235-7 20-8 11*085
2.3 * 6500
2391*. 9
- - 7l*8.2
- - 1008.6
5671.6
22.2
1.1
%
*
#
#
*
*
6.5
3.0
1.1
#
*
2.6
*
*
SET. SOL
lb/d
3321*1.6
900.7
321*0.9
11967.8
1*238.8
—
—
2571*7.9
20535.9
10813
36320.7
293.3
-
%
9.7
*
1.0
3.5
1.2
-
-
7.5
6.0
3.2
10.6
*
-
COD
lb/d *
3986.2
571-5
1325.6
23l*l*. 8
1070.2
51*12
11500
5961*. 7
6l62
3836.2
11*821.1 :
107.2
-
1.
1.5
*
•
#
*
*
2.1
U.I*
2.3
2.3
1.5
5-6
*
-
licates less than ~L%
data available
-------
35
TABLE 4
INDUSTRIAL POINT SOURCES
DISCHARGER
Columbia-Wards Fisheries
(Port Bailey)
Hew England Fish Co.
(Gibson Cove)
New England Fish Co.
'Northern Processors
Kodiak Island Seafood
Kodiak Electric Ass.
Kodiak King Crab
Roy Furfiord
M/V Aleutian Fjord
Mokuhana Fisheries
Universal Seafood
Columbia-Wards Fisheries
(Alitak)
CtC Fisheries
Bio-Dry, Inc.
ur fiord
Middle Bay Fisheries
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafood
Washington Fish & Oyster
Wakefield Seafoods
New England Fish Co.
Zachar Bay Fisheries
Kodiak King Crab
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafood
Ursin Seafood
Queen Fisheries
RECEIVING
WATER
Dry Spruce Bay
Gibson Cove
Kodiak Harbor
St. Paul Harbor
Lars en Bay
Kodiak Harbor
Zachar Bay
Sitkalidak Strt.
Unalaska Bay
Unalaska Bay
Lazy Bay
Narrow Strait
St. Paul Harbor
Sitkalidak Strt.
Middle Bay
Uyak Bay
Shuyak Strt.
Captains Bay
Uganik Bay
Zachar Bay
St. Paul Harbor
Kodiak Harbor
St. Paul Harbor
Kodiak Harbor
FLOW
MGD
0.097
0.26
0.103
0.083
0.1U3
0.1*23
0.01
0.095
0.293
2.1*7
0.275
0.001
0.001
0.38
_
0.005
0.005
2.5
0.27
0.065
0.638
0.130
0.130
0.111
BOD %
Ib/d
38317 1*0.6
-
_ ..
_ _
3176.7 3.U
ll*.0 *
8.5 *
7222.8 7-6
0.1*8 *
-
18971*. 7 20.1
1.7 *
1.02 *
31*86.8 3.7
5.1 *
15.3 *
5.1 *
151*06 16.3-
155-1* *
10.2 *
-
- -
-
-
NO
Ib/d
2.5
-
_
_
1*.3
-
1.2
0.71*
0.1*2
-
2.7
0.3
0.15
-
0.7l*
2.2
0.7
0.8
3.2
1.5
-
-
-
-
%
10.8
-
_
_
18.5
-
5.2
3.2
1.8
-
11.6.
1.3
«
-
3.2
9.5
3.0
3.1*
13.8
6.5
-
-
-
-
T.PHOS. %
Ib/d
1.0 »
-
_ —
— —
235.7 20.8
O.OU *
0.5 *
0.29 *
0.16 *
-
167.3 ll*.7
0.1 *
0.06 *
13.3 *
0.28 *
0.8 *
0.3 *
66.8 5.9
1*09.8 36.1
0.6 *
-
-
-
-
SUSP. SOL.
Ib/d
38500
1051*. 9
69.3
1*96.7
ll*085
10
-
812.8
720.8
7106.9
21770
_
-
3871*
_
-
-
89600
6l
-
3317.7
60U.6
691.8
527.1
% SET. SOL.
Ib/d
17.9
* 7329.2
* 1900.1
* 311*71.3
6.5
* _
-
» _
* 5111*0.8
3.3 37050
10.1
.
— _
1.8
^ ^
- —
— —
.1*1.6
» _
- -
1.5 287l*U. 3
* 8U69.2
* 25666.6
* 21*99.5
% COD
Ib/d
51*050
2.2 1*391.6
* 396.2
9.2 3278.9
51*12
2502
_ _
1751
15.0 3365.6
10.9 32959.6
2291*3
^ ^
6110
_
• _
— —
1*8200
181*. 6
_ _
8.1* 11711.9
2-5 3303.3
7-5 1*226.3
* 1108.'
%
20. $
1.7
«
1.2
1.9
1.0
^
*
1.3
12.5
8.7
2.3
_
18.3
»
U.S.
i ^
-*-. j
i 6
*L* \J
*
* Indicates less than
- No data available
-------
CflUSE * EFFECT flNRLVSIS
-------
G
o
KULICHKOF I.
CO
Figure 2. Locations of Water Quality Stations in Gibson Cove and Kodiak Harbor, August 1974.
-------
KODIAK HARBOR -PROFILE
AUGUST XE3.74. EPA SURVEY
T
E
M
T3
N
T
13.63-
1-4..JZJ-
la.EJ-
1S..I2J-
11.12)-
1CJ.EJ-
a.53
e.0-
7.J3-
Q.J3-
S.EJ-
-4-.f3-
3.IZJ-
a.E>-
1.0-
1 mete-r
Bottom
s
i:
COVE
CO
CO
-------
KODIAK HARBOR "FROR i L.E..
AUQU3T la?* ETVS 9URVE.V
10.0
6.0
7.0
0.0
1 meter
Bottom
QJBBOSN! COVE
-KODIAK HARBOR
-------
n
i
•s
3
O
L.
V
E
O
X
V
Q
E
N
M
Q
11.0-
10.
S.0-
e.0-
7.0-
B.0-
S.0-
KQDIAK HARBOR "PROFILE
ALIQUOT ia7"t- ET»A SURVEY
' Alaska Water Quality Standards
1 meter
Bottom
g.
COVE
KODJAK HARBOR
-------
AUGUST
E-FA SURVEV
D
I
s
s
o
l_
V
E.
D
o
X
V
~-G
E
N
I
N
M
G
13.IZJ-
12.0-
11 ..0-
10.0-
a.0-
S.0-
7.0-
B.0-
5.0-
4-.0-
3.0-
2.0-
1 .0-
Alaska.WateryQuality Standard
1 meter
Bottom
GSSSQf%3 COVE
KODIAK HARBOR
-------
A
L_
I
N
I
T
Y
33.0
20.0-
XS.J2J-
KODIAK HARBOR F.ROFIL.E1.
1874* EVA SURVEY
1 meter
Bottom
COVE
KOOiAK
ro
-------
43
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF BOTTOM DEPOSITS
Marine deposits not influenced by wastewater discharges that
contain settleable organic solids are characterized as consisting,
on a dry weight basis, of less than 5% organic matter and
volatile solids, less than 0.10 gram/kilogram of organic nitrogen
and sulfides and less than 5 grams/kilogram of chemical oxygen
demand. These values were exceeded in almost all of the samples
collected during the August 1974 survey (Table 4 and Figure 3 &4).
The values reported for chemical oxygen demand, organic
nitrogen and sulfides at all stations greatly exceed the values
of 5, and 0.10 for these parameters. Only 2 of the values for
percent organic matter did not exceed the 5% criterion (Stations 3C
and 3D), and only one, Station 3D, die not exceed the 5% volatile
solids criterion. The criterion for sulfides, organic nitrogen,
and chemical oxygen demand were exceeded at each of these stations.
Similar findings, were also apparent during the May & August
surveys in 1971 (Table 5). The only samples collected for chemical
analyses in 1974 were those in Kodiak Harbor that were suspect of
poor quality chemically, plus Station 1A (Figure 3 & 4), to
determine whether there were any major changes in these deposits'.
Inspection of the chemical data for the two different years reveals
that no major changes have occurred in the chemical characteristics
of the bottom deposits in Kodiak Harbor. Although no 1971 data
are available for the bottom deposits in Gibson Cove, it is apparent
that thos<~: in the reach adjacent to the New England Fish Company
have become sufficiently contaminated to be of significant concern.
The cause of this contamination in Gibson Cove is the discharge
of wastewaters from broken discharge lines inside the cove and
the discharge of wastes near the mouth of the cove that are
transported by wind and wave action to the interior of the cove.
In addition, since 1971 the Bio-Dry Company, with its discharge
near the mouth of the cove, has been installed on the cove shore
easterly of the existing cannery. Like the waste discharge line
from the cannery, there have been breaks in the outfall line
from the Bio-Dry facility, and these wastes have added similarly
to the discharges that degrade water quality in the cove.
VISUAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BOTTOM DEPOSITS
The unpublished EPA report for the 1971 survey (2) indicates
living macroscopic animals were not found at stations immediately
adjacent to the canneries in Kodiak Harbor. Rather, only
-------
44
VISUAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BOTTOM DEPOSITS
sludge and discarded animal parts were found at these locations,
and hydrogen sulfide bubbles were profuse near the surface as
were floating seafood animal parts and bulked sludge.
As was found during the 1971 surveys, none of the samples
collected during the 1974 survey had readily apparent attached
marine plants. Unlike the 1971 survey though, a general improvement
in the bottom reaches of Kodiak Harbor was perceptible. These
differences, specifically a slight increase in the occurrence
and abundance of polychaete worms, the great reduction in
quantities of fresh, seafood-animal remains, the lack of floating
sludge and hydrogen sulfide bubbles on the surface waters, and
the decrease in intensity of water discoloration, is evidence
that installation of screens in process wastewater lines since
1971 has resulted in a preceptible improvement in the bottom
reaches of Kodiak Harbor.
-------
Figure 3. Location of Bottom Deposit Sampling Site in Gibson Cove.
CJ1
-------
5A
7
6C
©5C
(DSD
-------
TABLE 5
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTTOM DEPOSITS IN GIBSON COVE AND KODIAK HARBOR AUGUST.1974*
PARAMETER
.STATION
NUMBER
1A
2A
2B
3H
nc
3D
5A
5B
5C
5D
fiC
7
% SOLIDS (1)
47.4
4d.o
28.3
37.5
51.2
52.6
29.4
16.9
35.4
20.1
33.4
18.7
% VOLATILE
SOLIDS (2)
6.5
14.8
8.3
7.5
7.2
4.8
31.8
15.1
7.6
8.7
10.5
18.2
% ORGANIC
CARBON (2)
5.3
10.2
7.1
6.4
3,9
2.7
13.9
14.2
6.8
7.0
13.4
8.7,
SULFIDES (3)
(K/kR)
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.9
1.0
0.9
1.7
3.9
1.7
1.9
1.5
3.0
ORGANIC
NITROGEN (3)
(B/kg>.
2,7
8.8
4.2.
4.3
1.8
1.5
1.6
9.5
2.5
4.5
4.5,
8.6
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN' DEMAND (2)
(8/kR)
62
122
81
76
45
31
164
169
79
84
104
155
values are on a dry weight basis.
(])Values after water has been evaporated.
(2)A value of 5 or greater is considered excessive'.
(3)A value of 0.10 or greater is considered excessive.
-------
TABLE 6
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTTOM
DEPOSITS IN KODIAK HARBOR, MAY AND AUGUST, 1971
STATION
NUMBERS
2A-1
2A
2B
2C
3A .
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5A
5B
5C
5D
6A
6B
6C
7
2A
2B
2C
2D
4A
4B
4C
% TOTAL
SOLIDS (1)
56
84
58
56
67
60
56
85
59
55
76
59
60
53
66
63
52
65
87
84
46
51
75
60
49
% VOLATILE
SOLIDS (2)
MAY 13, 1971
5
25
6
4
22
7
5
29
6
5
19
6
6
4
9
7
5
11
AUGUST 11, 1971
44
41
3
12
29
7
4
~^ ----- f
% ORGANIC
CARBON (2)
2.1
13.0
2.5
1.7
14.9
3.6
2.3
16.7
2.7
2.4
16.4
3.1
2.7
2.0
4.3
3.3
2.2
6.1
23.1
3.9
1.4
1.4
15.6
3.2
5.4
%~ ORGANIi
NITROGEN
(^/KG)
0.48
2.0
0.33
0.23
3.7
0.53
0.33
2.0
0.40
0.33
2.36
0.50
0.43
.0.28
.0.42
0.48
0.31
0.94
3.1
2.4
0.2
0.2
1.5
0.5
0.2
*A11 values are on a dry weight basis.
(1) Values after water has been evaporated.
(2) A value of 5 or greater is considered excessive.
(3) A value of 0.10 or greater is considered excessive.
-------
BIBLIQGRflPHV
-------
49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Environmental Protection Agency, Region X, Alaska Operations
Office, "Effects of Industrial Wastewater Effluents on Water
Quality in Gibson Cove and Kodiak Harbor, Kodiak, Alaska"
June 1975.
2. Environmental Protection Agency, Region X, Alaska Operations
Office, "Industrial Effluent Studies and Water Quality,
St. Paul Harbor, Adjacent Waters, and Gibson Cove, Seafood
Processing Plants, Kodiak, Alaska," May 1971.
3. University of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, "An Oceano-
graphic Reconnaissance of the Waters Around Kodiak Island,
Alaska," July 1970.
4. State of Alaska, Department of Environmental Conservation,
"Water Quality Standards," as revised, October 1973.
------- |