EPA Report #910/9-83-118b FINAL REPORT IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING WATER QUALITY DATA March 30, 1984 Prepared for: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 401 M Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 Prepared by: JRB ASSOCIATES A Company of Science Applications, Inc. 13400-B Northup Way, Suite 38 Bellevue, Washington 98005 EPA Contract No. 68-6348, WA #29; JRB Project No. 2-834-03-760-29 __ JRB Associates ------- This project has been funded at least in part with federal funds from the USEPA, contract number 68-01-6348, WA //29. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organization imply endorsement by the US Government. ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope of Work 1 2.0 WATER QUALITY DATA PROFILES 6 2.1 U.S. Government 6 2.2 State Agencies 11 2.3 County Health Departments 15 2.4 Universities 17 2.5 State Colleges 37 2.6 Community Colleges 40 2.7 High Schools 43 2.8 Consulting Firms 44 2.9 Aquaria 47 2.10 Other 48 3.0 LOCATION OF STUDY SITES 52 4.0 SUMMARY 66 , JRB Associates _ ------- 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND With the demonstration of adverse environmental change in Puget Sound in recent years, there is increasing concern over the environmental quality of the Sound's waters. In order to protect against further deterioration, there is a clear need to establish a sensitive monitoring program which will ade- quately document either improvement or degradation of environmental quality. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has taken the initiative in this effort by sponsoring work to identify existing monitoring programs and to establish a new long-term monitoring program for Puget Sound waters. This report is an outgrowth of an EPA/NOAA interagency meeting, dur- ing which it was recognized that existing environmental quality data should be considered in design of the long-term monitoring program. This report repre- sents Task II "Identification of Existing Water Quality Data" within the JRB work assignment "Coordination of Monitoring Efforts in Puget Sound". 1.2 SCOPE OF WORK The objective of this task is to identify existing water quality and related data for Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, and to present this information in a manner that will facilitate easy access and be valuable in design of future work in Puget Sound. The water quality data included encompasses a broad diversity of data types, including virtually any parameter that could potentially serve as an indicator of environmental quality. For example, biological data of interest ranges from fecal coliform counts to population studies of marine mammals. A similarly wide diversity of . JRB Associates _ ------- chemical and hydrographic data is included. Major emphasis was placed on da;:a representing repeated samples at specific sites, since this information would be most applicable to a long-term monitoring program. However, data gathered during a single survey was also included if available. The intent of this task was to identify water quality related data that is not widely known of and is not readily available to environmental managers. There- fore, efforts were directed towards gathering data from universities, com- munity colleges, Indian tribal biologists and other similar sources that do not typically forward data to the primary management agencies. Data collec- tions which were not funded or required by a government agency may have escaped general attention, yet potentially could be of value in a long-term monitoring program, either by establishment of baseline conditions or by exten- sion of the temporal coverage. No attempt has been made to consider data: 1. already available to the primary governmental management agencies; 2. in STORET, WDOE, Metro or NOAA data systems; or 3. included in Jones and Stokes1 recent report "Water Quality Management Program for Puget Sound" Table 1 provides a list of contacts for water quality related data. All these contacts have been interviewed, either in person or by phone. As discussed, information available through federal and state agencies was, with a few excep- tions, generally not included, though representatives of these agencies were contacted to identify alternative sources of data. A large number of sources contacted either had no data or had already submitted it to an environmental Associates i- ------- '* Table 1 SOURCES OF WATER QUALITY DATA ---- Institution U.S. GOVERNMENT NOAA Fish and Wildlife Service Fish and Wildlife Service, Nisqually Refuge U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Navy, Bangor U.S. Navy, Keyport U.S. Navy, Whidbey Island U.S. Navy, Bremerton U.S. Air Force, Mukilteo STATE AGENCIES Washington Department of Fisheries Department of Natural Resources Department of Social and Health Services Wash. Dept. of Ecology, Padilla Bay Est. Sane. Wash. Dept. of Ecology COUNTY PLANNERS Snohomish County King County Whatcom County Jefferson County Skagit County Kitsap County COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENTS Jefferson County Kitsap County King County Pierce County Snohomish County Whatcom County Clallam County CITIES Bellingham Public Works UNIVERSITIES Univ. of Washington, Dept. of Oceanography Univ. of Washington, Dept. of Zoology Univ. of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries Univ. of Washington, Friday Harbor Lab Contact Ed Long David Stout Cliff Bosley Steve Thompson Steve Martin Keith Phillips Rick Spencer Les Tutty Jim Johnston Burley Sharbaugh Lionel Mclntosh Eric Hurlburt Darryl Kills Stan Hammer Doug Magoon Dave Jamison Tom Mumford Jack Lilja Terry Stevens Glen Grace Kevin Anderson Deniee Lello Ray Watkins Ann Wessell David Goldsmith David Hough Rene£ Beam Randy Durant Don Miles Jim Hendrickson Ray Watkins Don Oliver Dave Compton Environ Health Sec. Environ Health Sec. Bill McCort Roy Carpenter Alyn Duxbury Mike Landry Karl Lorenzen W. Thomas Edmondson Alan Kohn Ken Chew Bruce Miller Charles S linens tad Jerry Stober Dennis Willows Dick Strathman Phone Number (area code 206 unless noted) 527-6338 753-9440 385-1007 753-9467 764-3625 764-3624 396-4192 396-2150 257-2186 476-4049 355-4122 753-6749 964-7246 857-4324 753-3703 753-3703 753-3703 753-5959 428-1558 459-6071 459-6061 259-9313 587-2722 676-6907 385-1427 336-9333 876-7152 385-0722 478-5285 244-6000 587-2722 593-4770 259-9440 676-6724 452-7831 676-6850 543-8535 ' 543-6600 543-0147 543-8597 543-1669 543-1629 543-4290 543-2135 543-7185 543-9041 543-1484 543-1484 k. i O 1 i H IU i] « ! u * V *J *J I §4 X X X X X X X X X X X 4J & tl H « u fH a < o x X X X X X X X X X X X X C. u 1 C I V C at v 21 31 « « a II X X X X Included In Report (reference 1) 2.1.3 2.1.1, 2.1.2 2.1.4 2.1.6 2.2.3 2.2.2 2.2.1 2.2.4 2.3.2 2.3.1 2.3.1 2.3.1 2.3.1 2.3.1 2.3.1 2.4.3 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.4, 2.4.5 2.4.6, 2.4.7 2.4.8-2.4.16 2.4.17 ------- Table 1 (cont'd) Institution Western Washington Dniv. Pacific Lutheran Dniv. Eastern Washington Dniv. Dniv. of Puget Sound Seattle Dniv. Dniv. of British Columbia Dniv. of Victoria Patricia Bay COLLEGES Evergreen State College Valla Walla College COCBJKITV COLLEGES Shoreline Coaaunity College Olyapic Cossuoity College Peninsula Cosvunity College Eighline CoaBunity College Seattle Central Coanamity College Bellevue CocBunity College Green River Commity College BellinghaB Voc. Tech. HIGH SCHOOLS Highland School District POSTS Port of BellinghaB Port of Everett Fort of Seattle Port of Tacoaa COKSCLTIKG FIRMS Battelle Korthwest Cascadia Research ITT-Rainier AQCARIA Seattle Aquarius Pt. Defiance Zoo and Aquarius OTHER Doasea Fares OlysjJia Oyster Growers Assoc. Sundquist Labs Fenn Cove Blue Mussels Tulalip Tribes Point Ko Point Treaty Council Contact Burt Weber Dick HcGinnis Alan Scbolx Eric Ltndgren David Brubaker Bob Scith TiBothy Parsons Alan Levis Derrek Ellis Gslyn Greer Mike Beug Steve Hersan Pete Taylor Joe Galnsha Jack Servold Don Seavy Jaaes Walton Gina Erickson Allison Doxbury Art Eaynes Dennis White Earl Steele Lauren Rice Don Ellis Harry Kinder John DohrBanc Gary Kuczinski Jack Anderson Steve Speich Roger Tollefson Bill Bruin Jis Short John Rupp Mike Garner Dave MacMillan Paul Cassidy Peter Jefferds Dave Soraers Will Sandoval Phoae Euaber (area code 206 unless noted) 676-3509 535-7561 35S-6397 756-3121 626-5620 626-6739 (604)228-4273 (604)228-3278 (604)721-7106 (60i)£56-8217 866-6000 866-6030 z6O63 866-6000 Z6730 (509)527-2603 546-4101 476-4557 452-9277 x272 878-3710 x525 587-4080 641-2321 833-9111 676-6494 433-2524 676-2500 259-0246 382-3000 383-5841 6S3-4151 943-7325 426-4461 625-4358 591-5337 591-5337 479-9941 426-3354 293-6800 676-4803 653-4586 297-3422 b V O b * S O i"** k O c £ U c 7 U u « u J C C 6 _c -s \ 1 I c e [ c. I i* z z z X z z z z z z X ! X i x 1 ) O c II c"* e *j e c h> C C C *> c Z Z Z Z Z Z r \ j , Included , in Report (reference 1) 2.4.18 2.4.19 2.4.20 2.4.22 2.4.21 2. 4.25 2.5.1, 2.5.: 2.5.3, 2.5.4 2.6.1, 2.6.2 2.6.3, 2.6.4 2.6.5 2.7.1 2.6.3, 2.8.4 2.6.3, 2.8.4 2.9.1 2.9.: 2.1C.1 2.10.2 2.10.3, 2.10.4 JRR A ****.._ .:«**« ------- management agency. These contacts are Indicated on Table 1 but are not dis- cussed further in this report. For those institutions or individuals which did have data, a reference number is given referring to the corresponding data profile in Section 2.0. , JRB Associates _ ------- 2.0 WATER QUALITY DATA PROFILES 2.1 U.S. GOVERNMENT REFERENCE NO.; 2.1.1 INSTITUTION; U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Nisqually Refuge CONTACT; Mr. Steve Thompson, Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, 100 Brown Farm Road, Olympia, WA 98506; Phone (206) 753-9467 DATA DESCRIPTION; Aerial surveys of waterfowl populations. Seal counts are also made during the surveys but population estimates are unreliable LOCATION; Most of Puget Sound. Flights commencing in Budd and Eld Inlets, continuing up the eastern shore including Elliott and Commencement Bays, and continuing northward to the Canadian border. Flights had previously included Hood Canal northwards to Dungeness area, but these surveys have been discontinued. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1978 to present and ongoing. Monthly surveys from October to January in past years, currently extending the monthly surveys from October to March. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files JRB Associates ------- REFERENCE NO.; 2.1.2 INSTITUTION; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service CONTACT: Mr. Steve Thompson, Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, 100 Brown Farm Road, Olympia, WA 98506; Phone (206) 753-9467 DATA DESCRIPTION; Ground surveys of seabird populations. LOCATION; San Juan Islands PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1979 to present and ongoing. Surveys made annually each summer. DATA FORMAT; Data incorporated in "Catalog of Washington Seabird Colonies" (in press) by Steve Speich of Cascadia Research. REFERENCE NO.; 2.1.3 INSTITUTION; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service CONTACT: Mr. Cliff Bosley, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marrowstone Field Station, Nordland, WA 98339; Phone (206) 385-1007 DATA DESCRIPTION; Concentrations of PCB and other chlorinated organic pesti- cides in sediments and in the tissues of various marine organisms. Sam- ples collected by diver. LOCATION: Discovery Bay (starry flounder, English sole) Skagit Bay (starry flounder, mussels, sediments) Dungeness River (sediment) PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Though originally conceived as a monitoring program, the future of the program is in doubt after a single sampling period in 1983. DATA FORMAT: Technical report. . JRB Associates ------- REFERENCE NO.; 2.1.4 INSTITUTION: U.S. Navy - Bangor CONTACT; Mr. Rick Spencer, U.S. Naval Submarine Base - Bangor, Bldg. 1101, Code 8622, Bremerton, WA 98315; Phone (206) 396-4192 DATA DESCRIPTION: Monitoring program to evaluate the Impact of naval activ- ities on the water quality of Hood Canal. Water samples taken for trace metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn, Ni), nutrients (ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate), TOC, pH, salinity, tempera- ture and dissolved oxygen. Secchi disk readings taken concurrently with water sampling. LOCATION; Twenty sites in Hood Canal and Dabob Bay ranging from 47° 43' 46" N to 47° 46' 29" N and 122° 42' 10" W to 122° 46' 77" W. PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1974 to present and ongoing. All twenty sites sampled twice per year in summer and winter. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files. All data sent to Naval Energy and Environmental Support Activities, Port Heuneme, CA. JRB Associates. ------- REFERENCE NO.; 2.1.5 INSTITUTION; U.S. Navy - Bangor CONTACT; Mr. Rick Spencer, U.S. Naval Submarine Base - Bangor, Bldg. 1101, Code 8622, Bremerton, WA 98315; Phone (206) 396-4192 DATA DESCRIPTION: Monitoring program to evaluate the impact of naval activ- ities on the marine fauna of Hood Canal. Molluscs and fish are collected by hand and beach seine, respectively, and measurements made of abundances and size frequency distributions. LOCATION: Hood Canal; Bangor, WA; 47°' 45" N, 122° 44' W. PERIOP/FREQUENCY: 1973 to present and ongoing. Surveys conducted annually each summer. DATA FORMAT: Results released every 1-3 years as technical reports available through Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) or NTIS. . JRB Associates __ ------- REFERENCE NO.: 2.1.6 INSTITUTION; U.S. Air Force - Mukilteo CONTACT: Mr. Lionel Mclntosh, Energy Management Laboratory, Aerospace Fuels Lab, Mukilteo, WA 98275; Phone (206) 355-4122 DATA DESCRIPTION; In order to address concerns of pollution from aviation fuels, hydrocarbon measurements were made in soils on Air Force property and from clams in the shallow subtidal areas of Puget Sound immediately adjacent to the facility. No evidence of elevated hydrocarbon burdens in clam tissue was noted. LOCATION; Mukilteo PERIOD/FREQUENCY; A single survey in the fall of 1983. DATA FORMAT; Report by Patty Prohaska and Dave Fisher submitted to the Defense Fuel Supply Center. 10 . JRB Associates *> ------- 2.2 STATE AGENCIES REFERENCE NO.: 2.2.1 INSTITUTION: Washington Department of Social and Health Services CONTACT: Mr. Jack Lilja, Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services, Shellfish Protection Program, Olympia, WA 98504; Phone (206) 753-5959 COMMENTS; The office of Environmental Health Programs in DSHS is responsible for certifying that commercial shellfish beds meet certain standards for the protection of public health, and decertifying those beds that fail to meet these standards. Except for samples provided by county health depart- ments (see reference no. 2.3.1) there is no ongoing monitoring program at any specific site. Samples are generally taken only in areas where there is cause for concern. Most of the sampling effort is concentrated on fecal coliforms and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) though additional measurements or samples may be taken for temperature, salinity and trace metals or synthetic organics in shellfish tissue. Sampling is conducted both onsite in the areas of commercial beds and in shellfish processing plants. With the exception of some information on PSP, none of the data is computerized at this time, making it difficult to determine those sites for which data is available and the periods during which this data was col- lected. Data should be available for many of the commercial shellfish beds in Puget Sound and particularly those in the vicinity of population centers. . JRB Associates 11 ------- REFERENCE NO.; 2.2.2 INSTITUTION: Washington Dept. of Natural Resources CONTACT; Mr. Tom Mumford, Research and Development Center, Washington Dept. of Natural Resources, Olympla, WA 98504; Phone (206) 753-3703 DATA DESCRIPTION; Hydrographic and chemical data from surface waters (tem- perature, salinity, phosphorus, nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia). LOCATION; See below. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Budd Inlet - 1979 to 1980. Daily monitoring Squaxin Island - fall 1982 to spring 1983. Daily monitoring Harstene Island - fall 1982 to spring 1983. Daily monitoring McNeil Island - fall 1982 to present and ongoing. Temperature and salinity daily, nutrients weekly. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files with portions also available on magnetic tape. REFERENCE NO.; 2.2.3 INSTITUTION; Washington Dept. of Fisheries CONTACT; Mr. Stan Hammer, Fox Island Net Pens, 335 Island Blvd., Fox Island, WA 98333; Phone (206) 857-4324. DATA DESCRIPTION; Temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements taken in order to protect salmon rearing operations. LOCATION; Fox Island PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Mid 1970's to present and ongoing. Temperature measure- ments taken daily. Dissolved oxygen samples taken daily during critical periods, generally June and July. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files. 12 . JRB Associates-J ------- REFERENCE NO.: 2.2.A INSTITUTION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Sanctuary CONTACT: Mr. Terry Stevens, Padilla Bay National Estuarine Sanctuary, 1043 Bay View-Edison Rd., Mount Vernon, WA; Phone (206) 428-1558 COMMENTS: Padilla Bay Estuarine Sanctuary does not fund research nor perform any environmental data gathering activities independent of other institu- tions or government agencies. They do, however, provide facilities for research conducted under the auspices of other agencies (e.g., Ref. No. 2.4.19). Table 2 provides a summary of past research conducted in the Padilla Bay area. JRB Associates 13 ------- Table 2 HISTORICAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN PADILLA BAY List provided Type of Sampling Sulfite Waste 1946 (water quality) Industrial Waste (water quality) Oyster (water quality) Oyster (water quality) Eelgrass Intertidal Benthos Subtidal-Eelgrass Benthos Beach Seine (fish) Marine Birds Marine Birds Marine Birds Marine Mammals Land Use /Land Cover Drift Sectors Inventory of com- pilation of Biota (Data) Inventory of com- pilation of Biota (Data) by Terry Stevens, Padilla Agency(s) Fish & Wildlife Ser. WDF Pollution Control Commission Pollution Control Commission WDF WDG/Funded by Fish & Wildlife Ser. WWU Huxley College Funded by WDOE WWU Huxley College Funded by WDOE WWU Huxley College Funded by WDOE WDG + funded by U.S.F.W.S. John Graham Co. Funded by ACOE U.W. funded by EPA through NOAA (MESA) NMFS funded by NOAA (MESA) WDG funded by OCZM through WDOE John Norman Assoc. funded through WDOE WWU Huxley College WDF, WDG WDG Bay Estuarine Date 1946 1957 1952 1950 1971-75 1974-75, 1979 1976 1974-75 1965-79 1977-78 1978-79 1977-79 1978 1977 1976 1977 Sanctuary Investigator Saxt on-Young Al Neale Al Neale Orlob-Neale- Lindsay Bob Jeffrey Webber-Smith Webber-Smith Webber-Smith Webber-Smith Peters-Richter Manuwal-Wahl Robert Everitt Rick Albright John Norman Bob Jeffrey Sweeney 14 ------- 2.3 COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENTS REFERENCE NO.; 2.3.1 INSTITUTION; County Health Departments COMMENTS; The health departments of most counties bordering Puget Sound main- tain a monitoring program for paralytic shellfish poisoning. Shellfish are collected, often by volunteers, and forwarded to DSHS for analysis. Depending on the county, these programs have generally been established for 2-5 years with sampling on a biweekly or monthly basis from the spring to the fall. Information on these programs is available from the Environmental Health sections of county health departments. Selected con- tacts include Don Oliver (Pierce County), Dave Compton (Snohomish County) and Jim Hendrickson and Ray Watkins (King County). . JRB Associates _ 15 ------- REFERENCE NO; 2.3.2 INSTITUTION: Kitsap County Health Department CONTACT; Mr. Don Miles, Kitsap County Health Department, 109 Austin Drive, Bremerton, WA 98310; Phone (206) 478-5285 DATA DESCRIPTION; Measurements of fecal coliform and dissolved oxygen in surface waters. LOCATION: 30-40 nearshore stations in Puget Sound and Hood Canal surrounding Kitsap County. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Fecal coliforms have been collected quarterly since 1979. In the last two years, however, they have been collected only during sum- mer months. Dissolved oxygen data has been collected at the same stations and times from 1978-1982. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files COMMENTS: Fecal coliform data may not be very meaningful because it is not collected under similar oceanographic conditions (tidal changes, etc. can effect numbers) and replicates are not taken. 16 JRB Associates-J ------- 2.4 UNIVERSITIES REFERENCE NO.: 2.A.I INSTITUTION: University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Mike Landry, Dept. of Oceanography WB-10, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-0147 DATA DESCRIPTION: Research to examine temporal variation of Puget Sound zoo- plankton communities. Vertical plankton samples taken, 200 m to surface, daytime sampling. LOCATION; Single station in the main basin of Puget Sound northwest of West Point, 47° 41' N, 122° 27' W. PERIOD/FREQUENCY: April - November 1980. Weekly sampling DATA FORMAT: Samples unanalyzed REFERENCE NO.; 2.4.2 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Karl Lorenzen, University of Washington, Dept. of Oceanography Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-8597 DATA DESCRIPTION; Research directed towards understanding of phytoplankton dynamics and seasonal variability. Measurements made of phytoplankton pig- ment concentrations and primary productivity throughout a vertical profile to a depth of 100 m. LOCATION: Dabob Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1975 to present and ongoing. A single site occupied at monthly intervals. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files. 17 JRB Associates _ ------- REFERENCE NO: 2.A. 3 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Roy Carpenter, Dept. of Oceanography WB-10, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-8535 COMMENTS; Work by Dr. Carpenter and his students, often in collaboration with investigators from other institutions, provides a great deal of informa- tion on trace metals in synthetic organics in Puget Sound sediments. None of the work is of a monitoring nature but could potentially be valuable in establishment of baseline conditions. Most of the data has not been dir- ectly forwarded to a primary environmental management agency, and there- fore is within the scope of this work, however, it has been widely dissem- inated in the scientific literature. A selected list of publications of pertinence to Puget Sound is shown below: Barrick, R. 1982. Flux of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons to central Puget Sound from Seattle (West Point) primary sewage effluent. Environ. Sci. & Tech. 16:682-692. Barrick, R.C. and J.I. Hedges. 1981. Hydrocarbon geochemistry of the Puget Sound Region II. Sedimentary diterpenoid, steriod and tri- terpenoid hydrocarbons. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45:381-392. Barrick, R.C., J.I. Hedges and M.L. Peterson. 1980. Hydrocarbon geo- chemistry of the Puget Sound Region 1. Sedimentary acyclic hydro- carbons. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44:1349-1362. Bothner, M.H. and R. Carpenter. 1973. The rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments in Bellingham Bay, Washington. In: Proceedings of the First Annual NSF Trace Contaminants Conference, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, pp. 198-210. 18 JRB Associatesw ------- 210 Carpenter, R., M.L. Peterson and J.T. Bennett. In review. Pb-derived sediment accumulation and mixing rates for the greater Puget Sound region. Marine Geology. Carpenter, R. M.L. Peterson and R.A. Jahnke. 1978. Sources, sinks and cycling of arsenic in the Puget Sound region. Inj Estuarine Interactions. Edited by M.L. Wiley, Academic Press, pp. 459-480. Crecilius, E.A. and R. Carpenter. 1973. Arsenic distributions in waters and sediments of the Puget Sound region. In: Proceedings of the First Annual NSF Trace Contaminants Conference, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, pp. 615-625. Crecilius, E.A., M.H. Bothner and R. Carpenter. 1975. The geochemis- tries of arsenic, antimony, mercury and related elements in sedi- ments of Puget Sound, Washington. Environmental Science & Tech. 9:325-333. Furlong, E. and R. Carpenter. 1982. Distributions of azaarenes in Puget Sound sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46:1385-1396. Peterson, M.L. and R. Carpenter. 1983.^Biogeochemical processes affect- ing total arsenic and arsenic species distributions in an intermit- tently anoxic fjord. Marine Chemistry. 12:295-321. Prahl, F.G., J.T. Bennett and R. Carpenter. 1980. The early diagenesis of aliphatic hydrocarbons and organic matter in sedimentary par- ticles from Dabob Bay, WA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44:1967-1976. Prahl, F.G. and R. Carpenter. 1979. The role of zooplankton fecal pel- lets in the sedimentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dabob Bay, WA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43:1959-1972. JRB Associates 19 ------- REFERENCE; 2.A.4 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Alan Kohn, Dept. of Zoology NJ-15, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-1629 DATA DESCRIPTION; Zooplankton collections are made in connection with a class on natural history of marine invertebrates. Vertical tows, in 40 feet of water, are made with a 202 micron net. Organisms are identified to major group and the relative abundance of each group determined. LOCATION; Elliott Bay; early samples taken at Seacrest Marina, sampling site changed to Seattle Aquarium around 1978. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Approximately 1970 to present and ongoing. Samples taken every two weeks, March through May. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files. COMMENTS; Because of non-quantitative sampling and incomplete taxonomy, the value of this data is limited. Samples have not been archived so further analysis is impossible. JRB Associates 20 ------- REFERENCE; 2.4.5 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Alan Kohn, Dept. of Zoology NJ-15, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-1629 DATA DESCRIPTION; Patterns of intertidal zonation of fauna and flora are examined in connection with a class on natural history of marine inverte- brates. The dominant fauna within each zone are noted and the maximum height of each faunal band determined. LOCATION; Edmonds ferry dock, data collected on both north and south side. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Approximately 1965 to present and ongoing. A single survey made every April. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files. . JRB Associates __ 21 ------- REFERENCE; 2.A.6 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Charles Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-7185 DATA DESCRIPTION; The interactions between juvenile pink and chum salmon and their prey were investigated as part of an effort to evaluate potential impacts of naval construction actitivites. Temporal and spatial changes in the salmon and zooplankton communities were examined, as well as tro- phic interactions between these communities. Juvenile salmon migration behavior and food habits were documented by beach seine, townet collec- tions and stomach content analysis. Epibenthic zooplankton were collected by a diver operated suction pump. Neritic zooplankton were collected by oblique tows with a 60 cm bongo net. LOCATION; Brown Point area of Hood Canal PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Salmon - 1975 to 1979 Zooplankton - December 1976 to July 1977 and February to December 1978; biweekly samples: January to June 1979; monthly sampling: May 15, 1978; diel series. DATA FORMAT; Data on tape and in technical report. Simenstad, C.A., W. J. Kinney, S.S. Parker, E.G. Salo, J.R. Cordell and H. Buechuer. 1980. Prey community structure and trophic ecology of outmigrat- ing juvenile chum and pink salmon in Hood Canal, WashingtonA synthesis of three years' studies 1977-1979. Univ. of WA, Coll. of Fisheries, Fisheries Res. Inst. FRI-UW-8026. COMMENTS: Epibenthic zooplankton collections included two replicates in 1977 and triplicate samples in 1978/1979. 22 JRB Associates- ------- REFERENCE; 2.4.7 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Charles Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-7185 DATA DESCRIPTION; The use of the DuPont-Nisqually delta nearshore area by salmon and other fish and their trophic relationships were investigated to evaluate the effects of the construction and operation of a cargo loading dock. Fish were sampled by beach seine, trynet, townet, purse seine and by divers. Plankton were sampled using a 60 cm bongo net with a 0.5 mm mesh size. LOCATION; Nisqually Flats and southern Anderson Island; three sites in March 1971; two of these plus four more in February 1978. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; March 1977 to July 1978 at weekly, biweekly or monthly intervals, depending on data type DATA FORMAT; Data on tape and in technical report. Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, C.A. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, L. Matheson. 1978. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach are of south- ern Puget Sound, Washington. Univ. of Washington, College of Fisheries, Fisheries Res. Inst. FRI-UW-7812. Annual Progress Report,' March 1977 to June 1978, submitted to Weyerhauser Corp. . JRB Associates 23 ------- REFERENCE: 2.A.8 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 COMMENTS; In an effort to evaluate the potential ecological impacts of a nuclear power plant, a multi-disciplinary study of the fisheries and mar- ine ecology of northern Skagit Bay in the vicinity of Kiket Island was undertaken by the Fisheries Research Institute. Because of the diverse data collected, each component of the research is considered individually in profiles 2.4.9 through 2.4.16. All of the reports cited in these sec- tions can be found in: Stober, Q.J. and E.O. Salo. 1973. Ecological studies of the proposed Kiket Island nuclear power site. Univ. of Washington College of Fisheries, Fisheries Research Institute, FRI-UW-7304. Final report, Sept. 1, 1969 to Feb. 28, 1973 submitted to Snohomish County P.U.D. and Seattle City Light. 24 JRB Associates ------- REFERENCE: 2.4.9 INSTITUTION! University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION: Hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, turbidity, dis- solved oxygen) from surface and bottom waters. LOCATION; Similk Bay, North Skagit Bay, Swinomish Channel PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1970 to 1972. Continuous record of temperature at surface, 3 m and bottom. Grid sampling of surface waters, March to July, 1970; March to May, 1971; and March to August, 1972. DATA FORMAT: Stober, Q.J., S.J. Walden and D.T. Griggs. Seasonal water quali- ty in North Skagit Bay. Chap. 4, pp 7-34. ^n Stober et al., 1973. REFERENCE; 2.4.10 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION; Investigation of temporal and spatial distribution of salmonids. Collections made by townet and purse seine with periodic beach walks to estimate size and abundance of juveniles. LOCATION; Northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1970 to 1972. Sampling commencing in March of each year and continuing through June or August. DATA FORMAT; Stober, Q.J., S.J. Walden and D.T. Griggs. Juvenile salmonid migration through North Skagit Bay. Chap. 5, pp 35-69. In Stober et al., 1973. . JRB Associates _ 25 ------- REFERENCE; 2. A.11 INSTITUTION: University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION; Investigation of temporal and spatial distribution and abundance of ichthyoplankton. Two replicate vertical plankton hauls taken from both bottom to surface and 5 m to surface. Nansen casts for tempera- ture and salinity taken at each station prior to zooplankton sampling. LOCATION; Northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY; January 1971 through April 1972 with sampling intervals spaced one week to one month apart. Some stations repeated as frequently as twice per cruise. DATA FORMAT: Blackburn, J.E. Pelagic eggs and larval fish of Skagit Bay. Chap. 6, pp 71-118 In Stober et al., 1973. . JRB Associates 26 ------- REFERENCE: 2.4.12 INSTITUTION: University of Washington CONTACT: Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries. University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION: A survey of the intertidal macrofauna and macroflora was made to: 1. compile a complete list of all species present 2. describe the abundance and seasonal variation of these organisms 3. investigate the age and growth of the native littleneck clam. Samples were taken by transects located around the perimeter of Kiket Island, with three replicates collected at each two foot tidal interval. Percent algal cover was estimated and all macrofauna enumerated. LOCATION: Kiket Island, northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY: November 1969 to August 1970 and November 1970 to August 1971 with four sampling periods within each interval. DATA FORMAT: Houghton, J.P. Intertidal Ecology. Chap. 7, pp 119-260 _In_ Stober et al., 1973. 27 , JRB Associates ------- REFERENCE; 2.A.13 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION; Interactions between Dungeness crab and the macrobenthic invertebrate community were examined by confining crabs within enclosed areas and monitoring changes in the infaunal populations. Five replicate Van Veen grab samples were taken at depths of 40 and 60 feet on two tran- sects (four stations total). Stomach content analyses were performed on flatfish and Dungeness crabs. The Dungeness crab fishery was examined by surveys of commercial and recreational fishermen, mark-recapture studies and SCUBA surveys of crab populations. LOCATION; Northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1970 to 1972 with each aspect of the work being done within a short portion of this interval. DATA FORMAT; Mayer, D.L. Subtidal ecology. Chap. 8 pp 259-371 ^n Stober et al., 1973. 28 JRB Associates ------- REFERENCE; 2.4.14 INSTITUTION: University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION; Data on seasonal variation of taxa, abundance, biomass and size frequency of demersal and pelagic fishes. Samples collected by otter trawl, trynet, beach seine and midwater trawl. LOCATION; Northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY: August, 1970 through August 1972 at approximately monthly intervals. DATA FORMAT: Stober, Q.J., D.L. Griggs and D.L. Mayer. Species diversity of the marine fish community in North Skagit Bay. Chap. 9. pp 373-400 In Stober et al., 1973. REFERENCE; 2.4.15 INSTITUTION: University of Washington CONTACT: Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION: Investigations to identify the potential biofouling pro- blems on intake structures and to determine the times when antifouling pro- cedures must be employed. Panels were submerged at various depths and exposed for varying lengths of time from 41 days to 8 months after which biofouling organisms were identified. LOCATION; Northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY: Studies conducted during 1971 and 1972. DATA FORMAT; Hanson, C.H. Subtidal and intertidal marine fouling on artifi- cial substrata. Chap. 12. pp 469-485 In Stober et al., 1973. JRB Associates 29 ------- REFERENCE: 2.4.16 INSTITUTION; University of Washington CONTACT; Dr. Jerry Stober, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone (206) 543-9041 DATA DESCRIPTION; Identification and enumeration of abundant or economically important zooplankton from samples collected by vertical hauls. Seasonal comparisons are made, though sampling was confined to only two sampling intervals. LOCATION; Northern Skagit Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Two samples taken in July, 1971; two samples taken in February 1972. DATA FORMAT; Leistikow, N. Qualitative evaluation of marine zooplankton. Chap. 13, pp 487-499. In Stober et al., 1973. 30 . JRB Associates^ ------- REFERENCE: 2.A.17 INSTITUTION; University of Washington - Friday Harbor Laboratories CONTACT; Dr. Dick Strathman, Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, WA 98250; Phone (206) 378-2165 DATA DESCRIPTION: Population studies of the barnacle, Balanus glandula with the intent of using barnacle settling and growth as an indicator of envir- onmental quality. Settling plates are used to quantify the availability of cyprid larvae; photographs and collections are used to estimate abun- dance, size frequency, and other population parameters. LOCATION; Sites established in Sinclair Inlet near the wastewater treatment facility, the West Point outfall, throughout the San Juan Islands, Victoria and Cape Flattery. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1976-1980. Sampling conducted at monthly intervals from March through September each year. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files; data analysis and interpretation not yet com- pleted. ^^^^^^ JRB Associates _ 31 ------- REFERENCE NO. ; 2.4.18 INSTITUTION: Pacific Lutheran University CONTACT; Dr. Dick McGinnis, Dept. of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA 98447; Phone (206) 535-7561 DATA DESCRIPTION: Zooplankton Samples, both day and night. LOCATION; Case Inlet PLU field station. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Samples taken intermittently during spring and summer months of 1976-1979. Additional samples taken 1979 to present on a very irregular basis for teaching purposes. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files. COMMENTS: Samples are sorted only to higher taxonomic level but are archived and available for further analysis. REFERENCE NO. ; 2.4.19 INSTITUTION; Eastern Washington University CONTACT; Dr. Alan Scholz, Dept. of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004; Phone (509) 359-6397 DATA DESCRIPTION; Radio-tracking of harbor seals to examine movements and haul out behavior. Future studies are planned to determine the role of harbor seals in marine ecosystems (energy budgets, population size, etc.) LOCATION; Padilla Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY; June 1983 to present. Continuation dependent upon addi- tional funding. DATA FORMAT; Report to Washington Sea Grant in preparation. * JRB Associates ------- REFERENCE NO.; 2.4.20 INSTITUTION; University Of Puget Sound CONTACT; Dr. Eric Lindgren, University of Puget Sound, 1500 N. Warner, Tacoma, WA 98416; Phone (206) 765-3121 DATA DESCRIPTION; Hydrographic data on surface waters (temperature, salinity. dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH) LOCATION; The Narrows PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1973 to present and ongoing. Samples taken annually every fall and occasionally in spring as well. DATA FORMAT: Student reports COMMENT; Data collected by students as part of an introductory oceanography class. Inexperience of students makes the data highly suspect. ____ JRB Associates 33 ------- REFERENCE; 2.4.21 INSTITUTION; University of British Columbia CONTACT; Dr. Alan Lewis, Dept. of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, 6270 Univ. Blvd., Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5; Phone (604) 228-3278 DATA DESCRIPTION; Two relatively pristine inlets were investigated as part of an industry-sponsored project to assess factors effecting the bioavail- ability of copper in marine and estuarine environments. Field sampling and analyses were concentrated primarily on measuring concentrations of copper and other trace metals in water and sediments, though a limited amount of data on chlorophyll a_ was also collected. Bioassays were con- ducted using pre-feeding developmental stages of copepods and exposing the organisms to water to which known quantities of copper had been added. LOCATION; Knight and Jervis Inlets (Strait of Georgia, north of Vancouver) PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Knight Inlet - monthly samples throughout 1974 Jervis Inlet - monthly samples throughout 1978 DATA FORMAT; Technical reports available for each inlet. . JRB Associate* 34 ------- REFERENCE: 2.A.22 INSTITUTION: University of British Columbia CONTACT; Dr. Timothy Parsons, Dept. of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T-1W5; Phone (604) 228-4273. COMMENTS: The University of British Columbia has no program designed to moni- tor the environmental quality of the Strait of Georgia. A large number of research programs have been and are being conducted though none involve sampling over a sufficient duration to be considered monitoring. Several of the more notable research programs include: 1. Biological fronts in the Strait of Georgia - The dynamics and pro- ductivity of frontal systems in the Strait have been studied for several years by Dr. Parsons and others. This work involves mea- surements of chlorophyll ji throughout the Strait of Georgia with some additional samples taken for hydrographic data, nutrients, and zooplankton density. Publications include: Parsons, J.R. R.I. Perry, E.D. Nutbrown, W. Hsieh and C.M. Lalli. 1983. Frontal zone analysis at the mouth of Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. Mar. Biol. 73:1-5. Parsons, J.R., J. Stronach, G.A. Borstad, G. Louttit and R.I. Perry. 1981. Biological fronts in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, and their relation to recent measurements of primary pro- ductivity. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 6:237-242. 2. Trace metals in the marine environment - Dr. A. Lewis, Ref. No. 2.4.21. 3. Hydrographic research - Publication of "Current Atlas of Juan de Fuca, Strait of Georgia" by Dr. P.B. Crean. 4. Red tides - Dr. Taylor of the University of British Columbia has been investigating dynamics of red tides in the Strait of Georgia. ^^^^-^- JRB Associates _ 35 ------- REFERENCE; 2.4.23 INSTITUTION: University of Victoria CONTACT; Dr. Derrek Ellis, Biology Dept., Dniv. of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W2Y2; Phone (604) 721-7106 DATA DESCRIPTION; Since 1970 a variety of studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impacts of four sewage discharges from the City of Victoria. Water samples have been taken more or less continuously for fecal coliforms with periodic additional sampling for nutrients, trace metal sediment concentrations, and body burden of synthetic organlcs in biota. LOCATION: Victoria, British Columbia PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1970-1982. Sampling frequency variable and with periodic gaps but generally at monthly intervals. Some sites have been revisited throughout the entire period though most sites were sampled over a shorter interval. DATA FORMAT; A large number of reports have been released on the results of this work. A complete listing is available through Derrek Ellis of the University of Victoria or Donald Weston of JRB Associates. JRB AssociatesI 36 ------- 2.5 STATE COLLEGES REFERENCE NO. : 2.5.1 INSTITUTION: Evergreen State College CONTACT: Dr. Steve Herman, Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA 98505; Phone (206) 866-6000 ext. 6063. DATA DESCRIPTION: DDT and PCB tissue burden in a variety of species including shorebirds, falcons, mussels and seals. LOCATION: Shorebirds and falcons: Primarily throughout southern Sound but with a few scattered collections elsewhere. Pigeon guillemots: Budd Inlet to Seattle Mussels: Southern Sound to Bremerton PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1978-1982. Semiannual collections DATA FORMAT: Raw data files. Four papers in preparation on shorebird data. REFERENCE NO.; 2.5.2 INSTITUTION: Evergreen State College CONTACT: Dr. Steve Herman, Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA 98505; Phone (206) 866-6000 Ext. 6063 DATA DESCRIPTION: Population studies of dunlin including banding programs. LOCATION: Nisqually River Delta and Kennedy Creek PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1974-1980. Monthly surveys DATA FORMAT: Raw data files COMMENTS: Dunlin populations decreased in both areas during course of study. ____________________________ JRB Associates __ 37 ------- REFERENCE NO.: 2.5.3 INSTITUTION; Walla Walla College CONTACT: Dr. Joseph Galusha, Dept. of Biology, Walla Walla College, College Place, WA 99324; Phone (509) 527-2603 DATA DESCRIPTION; Ground surveys of seabird nesting populations to establish the number of nests, eggs and birds. Species considered include the glau- cous-winged gull, pelagic cormorant, double-crested cormorant, black oystercatcher, pigeon guillemot and tufted puffin. LOCATION; San Juan Islands (Colville Island, Bird Rocks, Williamson's Rocks, Flower Island, Pointer Island, South Lopez Sound and Ram Island) PERIOD/FREQUENCY; June and July of 1963 and 1970 DATA FORMAT; Data available in: Thoresen, A.C. and J.G. Galusha. 1971. A nesting population study of some islands in the Puget Sound area. The Murrelet 52(2):20-23. 38 JRB Associates^ ------- REFERENCE NO. ; 2.5.4 INSTITUTION; Walla Walla College CONTACT; Dr. Joseph Galusha, Dept. of Biology, Walla Walla College, College Place, WA 99324; Phone (509) 527-2603 DATA DESCRIPTION; Ground surveys of seabird nesting populations focusing on population size estimates for several species and breeding behavior of glaucous-winged gulls. LOCATION; Protection Island PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1979 to present and ongoing. Annual surveys each summer DATA FORMAT; Data available in: 1. Galusha, J. (ms. in prep.). Seabird research on Protection Island. 2. Walla Walla College Master's theses of Banks, 1980; Roberts, 1980; McGinley-Redd, 1981; Rasmussen, 1983; Opp, 1983. JRB Associates _ 39 ------- 2.6 COMMUNITY COLLEGES REFERENCE NO.; 2.6.1 INSTITUTION: Shoreline Community College CONTACT; Mr. Jack Serwold and Mr. Bob Harman, Shoreline Community College, 16101 Greenwood Ave. N. , Seattle, WA 98133; Phone (206) 546-4101 DATA DESCRIPTION; Species composition and abundances of benthic diatoms, fora- 2 minifera and macroinvertebrates as collected by 0.1 m Van Veen grab sam- pler. Concurrent Secchi disk readings and temperature and salinity mea- surements at 1 and 3 meters. Sampling has recently Included a plankton sample at 3 m depth. LOCATION; Approximately 2,000 sites throughout Puget Sound, primarily in the Nisqually Delta, Central Basin, and northern Sound (Figure 1). Samples generally taken at 1, 5, 10, 20 fathoms and in the deep areas of each region. PERI OP / FRE QUENCY; Nearly all work to date has been done as single surveys with only occasional resampling of specific sites. Sampling periods are as follows: Central Basin: 1974-1978 Central Basin north of Edmonds: 1981 Commencement Bay: 1980-1981 Everett-Port Susan: 1978-1979 Nisqually Delta: 1982 Northern Saratoga Passage-Skagit Bay: 1984 DATA FORMAT; Raw data files COMMENTS; The level of analysis of the benthic samples is dependent upon taxonomic groups. Molluscs have been identified to species; polychaetes and other groups have generally been identified only to higher taxa. . JRB Associates*. 40 ------- REFERENCE: 2.6.2 INSTITUTION; Shoreline Community College CONTACT; Mr. Jack Serwold and Mr. Bob Harman, Shoreline Community College, 16101 Greenwood Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98133; Phone (206) 546-4101 DATA DESCRIPTION: Beach transects through the intertidal zone down to low water. Substrate type and dominant organisms recorded along the length of the transect. LOCATION; 300 transects made throughout Puget Sound with 150 of these in the San Juan Islands. The remaining 150 are scattered in the northern and central Sound and in the Nisqually Delta. PERIOD/FREQUENCY; Early 1970's to present. No repeated sampling at specific sites. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files and illustrations of the cross-sectional beach profiles. REFERENCE NO; 2.6.3 INSTITUTION: Olympic Community College CONTACT: Dr. Don Seavy, Olympic Community College, 16th and Chester, Bremerton, WA 98310; Phone (206) 478-4557 DATA DESCRIPTION: Measurements of surface water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen along with concurrent zooplankton samples. LOCATION: Several stations within Sinclair Inlet PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1977 to present and ongoing. Monthly samples but lacking the summer months. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files COMMENTS: Zooplankton samples only partially worked up but available for fur- ther analysis. Much of the hydrological data has been forwarded to Alan Mearns, NOAA. JRB Associates 41 ------- REFERENCE NO; 2. 6. A INSTITUTION; Olympic Community College CONTACT; Dr. Don Seavy, Olympic Community College, 16th and Chester, Bremerton, WA 98310; Phone (206) 478-4557 DATA DESCRIPTION; Collection of fishes and invertebrates with 12' x 100' beach seine LOCATION; Port Washington Narrows PERIOP/FREQUENCY; 1978 to present. Two samples per year, generally late fall and late winter DATA FORMAT: Raw data files COMMENTS; Collection made in the vicinity of sewage treatment plant. REFERENCE NO.; 2.6.5 INSTITUTION; Highline Community College CONTACT; Ms. Gina Erickson, Highline Community College, Mail Stop 15-1, S. 240th and Pacific Highway S., Midway, WA 98032; Phone (206) 878-3710 Ext. 525 DATA DESCRIPTION; Diving survey of fish and invertebrates on an artificial reef. LOCATION; Poverty Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1978 to present and ongoing. Annual survey each spring DATA FORMAT: Raw data files . JRB Associates ------- 2.7 HIGH SCHOOLS REFERENCE NO.; 2.7.1 INSTITUTION: Highland School District CONTACT; Mr. Lauren Rice, Marine Technology Dept., 18010 8th Ave. S., Seattle, WA 98148; Phone (206) 433-2524 DATA DESCRIPTION; Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. LOCATION; Shilshole PERIOP/FREQUENCY; 1975 to present and ongoing, annually each May DATA FORMAT: Raw data files ______^_______________ JRB Associates _ 43 ------- 2.8 CONSULTING FIRMS REFERENCE NO.: 2. 8.1 INSTITUTION: Cascadia Research CONTACT; Mr. Steve Speich, Cascadia Research Cooperative. Waterstreet Bldg., Suite 201, 218 1/2 West Fourth Ave., Olympia, WA 98501; Phone (206) 943-7325 DATA DESCRIPTION; Aerial surveys of all groups of marine birds. LOCATION; Central and southern areas of Puget Sound, Everett to Olympia PERIOP/FREQUENCY; Surveys conducted in the summer of 1982 (ground and aerial surveys), the winter of 1982-1983, and the winter of 1983-1984. Usually two days flying time per survey. DATA FORMAT; Data available in: Wahl, T.R. and S.M. Speich. In press. Survey of marine birds in Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and waters east of Whidbey Island, Washington, in summer 1982. West. Birds. Speich, S.M. and T.R. Wahl. In press. Catalog of Washington seabird colonies. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv. Biol. Serv. Prog., FWS/OBS. Wahl, T.R. and S.M. Speich. 1983. First winter survey of birds in Puget Sound and Hood Canal December, 1982 and February, 1983. Nongame Wildlife Prog., Wash. Dept. Game, Olympia, WA. Wahl, T.R. and S.M. Speich. 1980. Marine bird populations in Washington waters, impact documentation and long-term monitoring. Rep. Wash. Departments of Ecol. and Game, Olympia, WA. Approx. 1,800 pp. Wahl, T.R. and S.M. Speich. 1980. Preliminary report on marine birds in Juan de Fuca Strait and northern Puget Sound. Rep. Wash. Dept. Ecol., Olympia, WA. . JRB Associates 44 ------- REFERENCE NO.: 2.8.2 INSTITUTION: Caecadia Research CONTACT; Mr. Steve Spelch, Cascadia Research Cooperative, Waterstreet Bldg., Suite 201, 218 1/2 West Fourth Ave., Olympia, WA 98501; Phone (206) 943-7325 DATA DESCRIPTION: Ground survey of marine bird colonies. LOCATION: 120 sites throughout San Juan Islands PERIOD/FREQUENCY: Single survey, summer of 1983. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files. REFERENCE NO. : 2.8.3 INSTITUTION: Battelle Northwest CONTACT: Dr. Jack Anderson, Battelle Pacific North West Division, Marine Research Laboratory. Route 5, Box 1000, Sequim, WA 98382; Phone (206) 683-4151 DATA DESCRIPTION: Monitoring of fecal coliform in shellfish conducted under contract to the Port of Port Angeles. LOCATION: Sequim Bay Marina PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1979 to present and ongoing. Sampling conducted every two months. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files. JRB Associates _ 45 ------- REFERENCE NO.: 2.8.4 INSTITUTION; Battelle Northwest CONTACT; Dr. Jack Anderson, Battelle Pacific North West Division, Marine Research Laboratory, Route 5, Box 1000, Sequim, WA 98382; Phone (206) 683-4151 COMMENTS; During 1972-1974 Battelle Northwest was involved in an extensive baseline study involving both chemical and biological surveys, prior to operation of the ARCO refinery at Cherry Point. This study represents a potentially valuable data base for any future monitoring efforts in the Strait of Georgia, but is still considered proprietary data by ARCO. . JRB Associates 46 ------- 2.9 AQUARIA REFERENCE NO. : 2.9.1 INSTITUTION; Seattle Aquarium CONTACT; Mr. Bill Bruin, Seattle Aquarium, Pier 59, Seattle, WA 98101; Phone (206) 625-4358 DATA DESCRIPTION; Hydrographic and water quality measurements of aquarium intake water (temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, total coliform, dis- solved oxygen). Intake located 80 ft below surface. LOCATION; Elliott Bay PERIOD/FREQUENCY: 1977 to present and ongoing. Data collected intermittently in 1977. Since 1978 T, S, pH and turbidity have been collected daily, total coliform and dissolved oxygen on a weekly basis. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files REFERENCE NO.; 2.9.2 INSTITUTION: Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium CONTACT: Mr. John Rupp, Pt. Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, N. 54th St. and N. Pearl, Tacoma, WA 98407; Phone (206) 591-5223 DATA DESCRIPTION: Hydrographic measurements on aquarium intake water (tempera- ture, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH). Intake located 15-20 ft below sur- face. LOCATION: Point Defiance PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1982 to present and ongoing. Sampling at''irregular inter- vals but approximately on a monthly basis. Greatest sampling frequency in winter and spring. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files ^^_-^_^__^_^___ JRB Associates _ 47 ------- 2.10 OTHER REFERENCE NO.: 2.10.1 INSTITUTION; Domsea Farms, Inc. CONTACT; Mr. Mike Gamer, Domsea Farms, Inc., 4398 West Old Belfalr Highway, Bremerton, WA 98312; Phone (206) 479-9941 DATA DESCRIPTION; Dissolved oxygen measurements of surface waters to protect salmon rearing operations. LOCATION; Fort Ward (Bainbridge Island) and Orchard Point PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1975 to 1978. Monitoring on an irregular basis only when there is cause for concern. Most samples taken during fall months. DATA FORMAT; Raw data files REFERENCE NO.: 2.10.2 INSTITUTION; Sundquist Laboratory CONTACT; Mr. Paul Cassidy, Sundquist Laboratory, 1900 Shannon Point Ave., Anacortes, WA 98221; Phone (206) 293-6800 DATA DESCRIPTION: Hydrographic data of surface waters (temperature, pH, tur- bidity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, carbonate alkalinity, dis- solved C02, and salinity). LOCATION: Shannon Point, Anacortes PERIOD/FREQUENCY; 1974 - present and ongoing (T, pH, DO turbidity). 1977 to present and ongoing (total and carbonate alkalinity, CO-, S). Sampling frequency initially daily but currently approximately three times per week. DATA FORMAT: Raw data files 48 JRB Associate^ ------- REFERENCE: 2.10.3 INSTITUTION: Tulalip Tribes CONTACT; Mr. Dave Somers, Tulalip Tribe, 6700 Totem Beach Road, Marysville, WA 98370; Phone (206) 653-4588 DATA DESCRIPTION; Parametrix, Inc. was contracted to conduct a baseline sur- vey of the water quality and fisheries resources of Tulalip Bay in prepar- ation for expansion of a salmonid hatchery operation. A wide variety of parameters were measured in the surface waters of the bay including gen- eral physical and chemical properties, nutrients, coliforms, trace metals and synthetic organics (Table 3). LOCATION; Tulalip Bay, four stations PERIOD/FREQUENCY; General physical/chemical properties, nutrients and micro- bial analyses: April 13 to June 27, 1979; weekly sampling frequency Metals and synthetic organics: April 18 to June 27, 1979; sampling every third week DATA FORMAT: Campbell, R. F. and D. E. Weitkamp. 1979. Water quality and near- shore fish investigations in Tulalip Bay, Washington, 1979. Prepared by Parametrix, Inc. for the Tulalip Tribes, Marysville, WA. _^_^^_________^^^__^__ JRB Associates _ 49 ------- Table 3 WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS MEASURED IN THE SURFACE WATERS OF TULALIP BAY General Physical and Chemical Properties *Temperature *Salinity *Conductivity *pH *Dissolved Oxygen Biochemical oxygen Demand Turbidity Alkalinity Metals Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Methyl-Mercury Nickel Zinc *Depth profile Algae Pigments and Inorganic Nutrients Chlorophyll _a Ammonia - N Nitrite & Nitate-N Organic Nitrogen (Kjeldahl) Orthophosphate-P Total Phosphate-P Sanitary Microbiological Analyses Total coliform Fecal coliform E. Coli. Fecal streptococcus Total aerobic plate count Organic Residues DDT DDD DDE 2, 4, 5 TP 2, 4 D Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin Lindane Heptachlor Mirex Metholxychlor Other Toxics PCB Residual chlorine Total sulfide Sulfite waste liquor 50 . JRB Associates,- ------- REFERENCE; 2.10.4 INSTITUTION; Tulalip Tribes CONTACT; Mr. Dave Somers, Tulalip Tribe, 6700 Totem Beach Road, Marysville, WA 98370; Phone (206) 653-4588 DATA DESCRIPTION; Parametrix, Inc. was contracted to conduct a baseline sur- vey of the water quality and fisheries resources of Tulalip Bay in prepar- ation for expansion of a salmonid hatchery operation. The primary objec- tive was to evaluate the duration and intensity of use of Tulalip Bay by artificially reared salmon. A 3 x 30 m beach seine with a 6 mm mesh was used to collect nearshore fishes. All individuals were identified to species, enumerated and an alloquot set side for length measurements. LOCATION; Tulalip Bay, six stations PERIOD/FREQUENCY; April 13 to June 28, 1979; weekly sampling throughout April and May, sampling conducted approximately every other day in June. DATA FORMAT: Campbell, R. F. and D. E. Weitkamp. 1979. Water quality and near- shore fish investigations in Tulalip Bay, Washington, 1979. Prepared by Parametrix, Inc. for the Tulalip Tribes, Marysville, WA. __^__^_^^^________ JRB Associates _ 51 ------- 3.0 LOCATION OF STUDY SITES In order to facilitate easy reference to the data profiles provided in Section 2.0, the location of the studies identified are shown on maps of Puget Sound in Figures 2-11. Figures 2-4 show the distribution of study sites by general category (i.e. biology, chemistry and hydrography). By reference to these figures, one can readily identify studies in Puget Sound in which a specific data type was collected. For users of this document with primarily a regional interest, Figures 5-11 show the distribution of study sites categorized on the basis of subregions within the Sound. By use of these figures, one can rapid- ly identify all studies discussed in this report which are pertinent to a specific geographic area. The subregional classification scheme employed fol- lows that of Jones and Stokes in their recent report "Water Quality Management Programs for Puget Sound." . JRB Associates 52 ------- LOCATION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT (Key to map numbers provided in Table 3) . JRB Associates I 53 ------- Table 4 SOURCES OF BIOLOGICAL DATA IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT Sources with data collected throughout much of Puget Sound are not shown on the map of Figure 2 but are listed below. Map No. Institution Ref. No. 1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.2 2 Univ. of Washington 2.4.1 3 Univ. of Washington 2.4.6 4 Univ. of Washington 2.4.7 5 Univ. of Washington 2.4.10 6 Univ. of Washington 2.4.11 7 Univ. of Washington 2.4.12 8 Univ. of Washington 2.4.13 9 Univ. of Washington 2.4.14 10 Univ. of Washington 2.4.15 11 Univ. of Washington 2.4.16 12 Pacific Lutheran Univ. 2.4.18 13 Eastern Washington Univ. 2.4.19 14 Walla Walla College 2.5.3 15 Evergreen State College 2.5.2 16 Walla Walla College 2.5.4 17 Olympic Community College 2.6.3 18 Olympic Community College 2.6.4 19 Highline Community College 2.6.5 20 Seattle Aquarium 2.9.1 21 U.S. Navy - Bangor 2.1.4 22 Univ. of Washington 2.4.2 23 Univ. of Washington 2.4.17 24 Univ. of Victoria 2.4.23 25 Battelle Northwest 2.8.3 26 Battelle Northwest 2.8.4 27 Tulalip Tribes 2.10.3 28 Tulalip Tribes 2.10.4 29 Univ. of Washington 2.4.4 30 Univ. of Washington 2.4.5 not shown County Health Departments 2.3.1 not shown U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.1 not shown WA Dept. Social & Health Serv. 2.2.1 not shown Shoreline Community College 2.6.1 not shown Shoreline Community College 2.6.2 not shown Cascadia Res. 2.8.1 not shown Kitsap County Health Dept. 2.3.2 Data Bird counts Zooplankton Salmon and zooplankton Fish and zooplankton Salmon Ichthyoplankton Intertidal biota Benthic invertebrates Fishes Biofouling organisms Zooplankton Zooplankton Harbor seals Bird counts Bird counts Bird counts Zooplankton Fish and invertebrates Fish and invertebrates Total coliform Fish and invertebrates Phytoplankton Barnacles Fecal coliform Fecal coliform Fish and invertebrates Microbial analyses Fish distribution Zooplankton Intertidal biota Paralytic shellfish poisoning Bird counts Fecal coliform, PSP Benthic invertebrates Intertidal biota Bird counts Fecal coliform 54 JRB Associates^ ------- LOCATION OF CHEMICAL SAMPLES IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT (Key to map numbers provided in Table 4) i^ t f I I 1** r t K ?t JRB Associates, 55 ------- Table 5 SOURCES OF CHEMICAL DATA IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT Sources with data collected throughout much of Puget Sound are not shown on the map of Figure 3 but are listed below. Institution Ref. No. Map No. 1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.3 2 WA Dept. Nat. Resources 2.2.2 3 U.S. Navy - Bangor 2.1.4 4 U.S. Air Force - Mukilteo 2.1.6 5 Univ. of British Columbia 2.4.21 6 Univ. of Victoria 2.4.23 7 Tulalip Tribes 2.10.3 8 Battelle Northwest 2.8.4 not shown Evergreen State College 2.5.1 Data Pollutant cone. In biota and sediments Nutrients Metals, nutrients, TOC Pollutant cone, in biota Metal cone, in sediments Nutrients, metals, organics Metals and organics in water, nutrients Pollutant cone, in sediments Pollutant cone, in biota 56 JRB Associates. ------- LOCATION OF KYDROGRAPHIC SAMPLES IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT (Key to map numbers provided in Table 5) . JRB Associates _ 57 ------- Table 6 SOURCES OF HYDROGRAPHIC DATA IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT Sources with data collected throughout much of Puget Sound are not shown on the map of Figure 4 but are listed below. Map No. Institution Ref. No. 1 WA Dept. Nat. Resources 2.2.2 2 Univ. of Washington 2.4.9 3 Univ. of Puget Sound 2.4.20 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Olympic Community College 2.6.3 Highland School District 2.7.1 Seattle Aquarium 2.9.1 Pt. Defiance Zoo & Aquarium 2.9.2 Domsea Farms 2.10.1 Sundquist Lab 2.10.2 U.S. Navy - Bangor WA Dept. of Fisheries Tulalip Tribes 2.1.4 2.2.3 2.10.3 not shown Shoreline Community College 2.6.1 not shown Kitsap County Health Dept. 2.3.1 Data Temp., salinity Temp., salinity, turbidity, D.O. Temp., salinity, turbidity, D.O., pH Temp., salinity, pH, D.O. Temp., salinity, D.O. Temp., salinity, turbidity, pH, D.O. Temp., salinity, D.O., pH D.O. Temp., salinity, turbidity, D.O., alkalinity, C0_ Temp, salinity, pH, D.O., Secchi disk Temp., D.O. Temp., salinity, pH, D.O., turbidity, alkalinity Temp., salinity, turbidity D.O. 58 JRB Associates ------- Map No. 1 2 3 4 Not Shown Institution Ref. No. Sundquist Lab 2.10.2 Eastern Washington Univ. 2.4.19 Univ. British Columbia 2.4.21 Battelle Northwest 2.8.4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.1 Data Hydrographic Data Harbor Seal Population Studies Metal Cone, in Sediments Fish and Invertebrates, Pol- lutant Cone, in Sediments Bird Counts STRAIT OF GEORGIA: Figure 5 LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES (Studies with collection sites scattered throughout much of the area are not shown) 59 . JRB Associates ------- BCLLIN&HJUt . 10 I Miles I I I * 5 10 15 Map No. Institution Ref. No. Not Shown U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.2 Not Shown Walla Walla College 2.5.3 Not Shown Shoreline Community College 2.6.2 Not Shown Univ. of Washington 2.4.17 Data Bird Counts Bird Counts Intertidal Biota Barnacles Figure 6 SAN JUAN ISLANDS: LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES (Studies with collection sites scattered throughout much of the area are not shown) JRB Associates 60 ------- ORCAS ISLAND r- Ma No. 1 Walla Walla College 2 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv Institution Bird Counts Pollutant Concentrations in Biota and Sediments Fecal Coliform Battelle Northwest Figure 7 STRAIT OF JUAN de FUCA: LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES JRB Associates ------- Map No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Not Shown Not Shown Not Shown Institution Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington Univ. of Washington U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. U.S. Air Force, Mukilteo Tulalip Tribes Tulalip Tribes Shoreline Comm. College Shoreline Comm. College U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Ref. No. Data 2.4.9 Hydrographic Data 2.4.10 Salmon 2.4.11 Ichthyoplankton 2.4.12 Intertidal Biota 2.4.13 Benthic Invertebrates 2.4.14 Fishes 2.4.15 Bifouling Organisms 2.4.16 Zooplankton 2.1.3 Pollutant Concentrations in Biota and Sediment 2.1.6 Pollutant Cone, in Biota 2.10.3 Hydrography, Nutrients, Pollut 2.10.4 Fishes . 2.6.2 Intertidal Biota 2.6.1 Benthic Invertebrates 2.1.1 Bird Counts Figure 8 WHIDBEY BASIN: LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES (Studies with collection sites scattered throughout much of the area are not shown) 62 . JRB Associates ------- Institution Kef. No. Univ. of Washington 2.A.I Highland School District 2.7.1 Seattle Aquarium 2.9.1 Domsea Farms 2.10.1 Olympic Comm. College 2.6.1 Olympic Corat. College 2.6.3 Pt. Defiance Zoo L Aquarium 2.9.2 Univ. of Washington 2.A.17 L'niv. of Washington 2.4.6 Univ. of Washington 2.A.7 Shoreline Comm. College 2.6.2 Shoreline Comm. College 2.6.1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.1 Cascadia Research 2.8.1 Evergreen State College 2.5.1 Kitsap County Health Dept. 2.3.2 Data Zooplankton Hydrographic Data Hydrographic Data Dissolved Oxygen Fish and Invertebrates Zooplankton i Hydrographic Data Hydrographic Data barnacles Zooplankton Intertidal Biota Intertidal Biota Benthic Invertebrates Bird Counts Bird Counts' Pollutant Cone, in Biota Fecal Coliform, D.O. Figure 9 CENTRAL PUGET SOUND: LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES (Studies with collection sites scattered throughout much of the area are not shown) 63 . JRB Associates ------- Map No. Institution Ref. No. 1 Univ. of Washington 2.A.6 2 U.S. Navy, Bangor 2.1.A 3 U.S. Navy, Bangor 2.1.5 A Univ. of Washington 2.A.A Not Shown Kitsap Co. Health Dept. 2.3.2 Data Salmon and Zooplankton Metals, Nutrients, Hydro- graphic Data Fish and Invertebrates Phytoplankton Fecal Coliform, D.O. Figure 10 HOOD CANAL: LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES . JRB Associates v 6A ------- Map No. Institution Ref. No. 1 WA Dept. of Nat. Resources 2.2.2 2 Evergreen State College 2.5.2 3 Univ. of Washington 2.4.7 4 Pacific Lutheran Univ. 2.4.18 5 Univ. of Puget Sound 2.4.20 6 Shoreline Comm. College 2.6.1 7 Shoreline Comm. College 2.6.2 8 Wash. Dept. of Fisheries 2.2.3 Not Shown U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. 2.1.1 Not Shown Cascadia Research 2.8.1 Not Shown Evergreen State College 2.5.1 Data Hydrographic Data Bird Counts Fish & Zooplankton Zooplankton Hydrographic Data Benthic Invertebrates Intertidal Biota Hydrographic Data Bird Counts Bird Counts Pollutant Cone, in Biota Figure 11 SOUTHERN PUGET SOUND: LOCATION OF IDENTIFIED STUDY SITES (Studies with collection sites scattered throughout much of the area are not shown) , JRB Associates 65 ------- 4.0 SUMMARY Though the search for data sources has not been exhaustive, it appears that the vast majority of environmental data is already in the hands of the primary management agencies. Of the 77 individuals contacted as potential data sources, 35 either had no data or had already submitted it to agencies such as EPA, NOAA, or WDOE. This result should not be surprising for a number of reasons. First, the collection of many types of environmental data is expen- sive and it is difficult for individuals or institutions other than the pri- V mary agencies to bear the costs involved. This is probably the reason for the paucity of chemical data uncovered, for it is generally more expensive to gather chemical data than either biological or hydrographic data. Secondly, with the exception of the universities and a few other groups, environmental data is not collected unless mandated by a governmental agency. Information gathered during studies required by a management agency, such as for 301h waivers or"dredge and fill permits, is typically forwarded to these agencies and therefore beyond the scope of this task. For example, the ports of Seattle, Tacoma, Bellingham and Everett were all contacted as potential data sources. However none of these institutions collect any data that is not required by EPA or the Corp of Engineers and therefore already available to these agencies. Efforts to date have resulted in the identification of approximately 50 data bases which may have escaped the attention of the primary management agencies. .Many of these may be of little use for purposes of environmental monitoring because of narrowness of scope or inexperience on the part of those collecting 66 . JRB Associates ------- the data. However It is hoped that as development of a long-term monitoring program proceeds, a number of these data bases may prove valuable either by extension of the temporal coverage or by definition of baseline conditions. , JRB Associates, 67 ------- |