WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
17070 DAU 12/71
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF
ORGANIC WASTE SLUDGE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Series describes
the results and progress in the control and abatement
of pollution in our Nation's waters. They provide a
central source of information on the research, develop-
ment, and demonstration activities in the Environmental
Protection Agency, through inhouse research and grants
and contracts with Federal, State, and local agencies,
research institutions, and industrial organizations.
Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research
Reports should be directed to the Chief, Publications
Branch, Research Information Division, Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D. C. 20460.
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AEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC WASTE SLUDGE
by
Oklahoma State University
College of Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074
for the
Office of Research and Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Project No. 17070 DAU
December 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.50
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents neces-
sarily reflect the views and policies of the
Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention
of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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ABSTRACT
Pilot plant aerobic sludge digesters were used for
aerobic treatment of sludges at the Stillwater
sewage treatment plant. They have a two stage
trickling filter plant. Three different sludges
were used in the aerobic reactors: (1) primary sludge
alone, (2) mixed primary and secondary sludge, and
(3) secondary sludge alone. Various detention periods
from two days to 36 days were used. The air was
applied through air diffusers near the bottom of
the aeration tanks. Physical and chemical analyses
were made on the feed, mixed liquor, four hour
settled sludge, and filtered (paper and sand bed)
sludge. Most of this work on aerobic sludge digestion
was performed with feeding the reactors once or twice
daily, although the first runs were fed with
measuring pumps activated by a time clock. One run
was made on a batch basis. The measuring pumps
clogged so frequently that the actual loading of the
aeration tanks were not accurate enough to obtain
meaningful data. The data obtained indicated
considerable variation in the concentration of the
various parameters with time of aeration and with
source of the sludge. General trends indicate that
the active organisms are in a state of flux. The
pilot plant results indicate as shown by some full
scale operating plants that good conditioning of the
sludge by aerobic digestion is economical, while in
other cases the results leave much to be desired.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project
Number 17070 DAU, under the partial sponsorship of
the Environmental Protection Agency.
111
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CONTENTS
Section Page
I Conclusions 1
II Recommendations 3
III Introduction 5
IV Objectives 7
V Description of Pilot Plant and Equipment 9
VI Physical Parameters 19
VII Chemical Parameters 115
VIII Pilot Plant Operations and Results 161
IX Acknowledgments 169
X References 171
XI Publications and Patents 173
XII Glossary 175
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FIGURES
Page
1 Schematic Diagram of the Stillwater, Oklahoma Sewage
Treatment Plant 10
2-A Flow Diagram for the Aerobic Sludge Digestion System H
2-B Schematic of Aerobic Sludge Digestion Reactor 12
3 Sand Drying Bed 13
4 Schematic Diagram of Filterability Instrument 14
5 Filterability Apparatus 16
6 Apparatus for Determining the 4-Hour Settling of Solids 17
7 Digestion Units with Temperature Control Unit 17
8 Average Values Mixed Liquor Sludge Solids,
Total and Volatile Solids 20
9 Average Values Mixed Liquor 4-Hour Settled Sludge
Solids, Total and Volatile Solids 21
10 Mixed Liquor Total Solids, Primary Sludge and 4-Hour
Settled Sludge 22
11 Mixed Liquor Total Solids, Batch Digester, Primary
Sludge and 4-Hour Settled Sludge 23
12 Mixed Liquor Volatile, Primary Sludge and 4-Hour
Settled Sludge 24
13 Mixed Liquor Volatile Solids, Batch Digester, Primary
Sludge and 4-Hour Settled Sludge 25
14 Mixed Liquor Sludge Percent Water, Batch Digester,
Primary Sludge and 4-Hour Settled Sludge 26
15 Mixed Liquor Sludge, Water Content 27
16 Mixed Liquor Sludge Percent Water, Primary Sludge and
4-Hour Settled Sludge 28
17 Settleability at 4-Hours, Mixed Liquor 91
VI
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Page
18 Filterability of Sludges, Mixed Liquor 92
19 Mean Drainability of Sludges on Sand Beds 93
20 Drainability Filterability on Primary Sludge 94
21 Drainability Filterability on Mixed Primary and
Secondary Sludge 95
22 Drainability Filterability on Secondary Sludge 96
23 Mixed Liquor, Temperature °C 97
24 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed-Feed Sludge 7 Hours 98
25 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed-Feed Sludge 30 Hours 98
26 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed-Feed Sludge 40 Hours 99
27 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed-Feed Sludge 180 Hours 99
28 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 2-Day Detention 7 Hours 100
29 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 2-Day Detention 50 Hours 100
30 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 2-Day Detention 120 Hours 101
31 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 2-Day Detention 220 Hours 101
32 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 4-Day Detention 30 Hours 103
33 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 4-Day Detention 70 Hours 103
34 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 4-Day Detention 145 Hours 104
35 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 4-Day Detention 220 Hours 104
36 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 8-Day Detention 7 Hours 105
37 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 8-Day Detention 70 Hours 105
38 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 8-Day Detention 175 Hours 106
39 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 8-Day Detention 250 Hours 106
40 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 12-Day Detention 7 Hours 107
41 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 12-Day Detention 70 Hours 107
vii
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Page
42 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 12-Day Detention 120 Hours 108
43 Primary Sludge on Sand Bed 12-Day Detention 220 Hours 108
44 Anaerobic Sludge on Sand Bed 25 Hours 109
45 Anaerobic Sludge on Sand Bed 70 Hours 109
46 Anaerobic Sludge on Sand Bed 175 Hours 110
47 Anaerobic Sludge on Sand Bed 250 Hours 110
48 Secondary Sludge on Sand Bed 4-Day Detention 1150
Hours 111
49 Secondary Sludge on Sand Bed 8-Day Detention 888 Hours 112
50 Secondary Sludge on Sand Bed 12-Day Detention 528
Hours 113
51 Mixed Liquor, pH 116
52 Mixed Liquor, Dissolved Oxygen (Average Values) 117
53 Mixed Liquor, Ammonia Nitrogen 118
54 Filtrate, Ammonia Nitrogen 119
55 Mixed Liquor Nitrates 120
56 Nitrates, Filtrates Paper and Sand Bed 121
57 Mixed Liquor Sum of Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen 122
58 Filtrate Sum of Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen 123
59 Mixed Liquor, Phosphates 124
60 Filtrate Paper, Phosphates 125
61 Mixed Liquor Chemical Oxygen Demand 126
62 Chemical Oxygen Demand, Filtrate Paper 127
63 Chemical Oxygen Demand, Filtrate Sand Bed 128
64 Mixed Liquor, Biochemical Oxygen Demand 129
viii
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TABLES
No. Page
1 Summary of Observations and Tests Made 18
2 Primary Sludge Solids -- Feed 29
3 Primary Sludge Solids 2-Day Detention 30
4 Primary Sludge Solids 4-Day Detention 31
5 Primary Sludge Solids 8-Day Detention 32
6 Primary Sludge Solids 12-Day Detention 33
7 Primary Sludge Solids 18, 24, and 30-Day Detention 34
8 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge Solids 4-Day
Detention 35
9 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge Solids 12-Day
Detention 36
10 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge Solids 24-Day
Detention 37
11 Secondary Sludge Solids 4-Day Detention 38
12 Secondary Sludge Solids 8-Day Detention 39
13 Secondary Sludge Solids 12-Day Detention 40
14 Anaerobic Digested Sludge Solids 41
15 Aerated Anaerobic Digested Sludge Solids 4-Day
Detention 41
16 Summary Mean Drainability of Sludges on Sand Beds 42
17 Primary Sludge Feed Drainability on Sand Beds 43
18 Primary Sludge 4-Day Batch Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 44
19 Primary Sludge 12-Day Batch Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability 45
20 Primary Sludge 30-Day Batch Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability 46
ix
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No. Page
21 Primary Sludge 2-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 47
22 Primary Sludge 2-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 48
23 Primary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 49
24 Primary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 50
25 Primary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 51
26 Primary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 52
27 Primary Sludge 8-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 53
28 Primary Sludge 8-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 54
29 Primary Sludge 8-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 55
30 Primary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 56
31 Primary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 57
32 Primary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 58
33 Primary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 59
34 Primary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds gO
35 Primary Sludge 18-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 61
36 Primary Sludge 18-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 62
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No. Page
37 Primary Sludge 24-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 63
38 Primary Sludge 24-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 64
39 Primary Sludge 30-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 65
40 Primary Sludge 30-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 66
41 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge Feed for Aerobic
Sludge Digesters Drainability on Sand Beds 67
42 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge
Digestion Drainability on Sand Beds 68
43 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge
Digestion Drainability on Sand Beds 69
44 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge
Digestion Drainability on Sand Beds 70
45 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge 24-Day Aerobic Sludge
Digestion Drainability on Sand Beds 71
46 Secondary Sludge 4-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 72
47 Secondary Sludge 8-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 73
48 Secondary Sludge 12-Day Aerobic Sludge Digestion
Drainability on Sand Beds 74
49 Secondary Sludge Not Settled 12-Day Aerobic Sludge
Digestion Drainability on Sand Beds 75
50 Anaerobic Sludge from Anaerobic Sludge Digester
Drainability on Sand Beds 76
51 Anaerobic Sludge Drainability on Sand Beds 77
52 Anaerobic Sludge from /.^aerobic Sludge Digester
Drainability on Sand Bees 78
53 Primary Sludge Batch Digester 79
XI
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54 Primary Sludge Batch Digester 80
55 Primary Sludge Feed Temperature, Settleability,
Filterability 81
56 Primary Sludge 2-Day Detention Temperature,
Settleability, Filterability 82
57 Primary Sludge 4-Day Detention Temperature,
Settleability, Filterability 83
58 Primary Sludge 8-Day Detention Temperature,
Settleability, Filterability 84
59 Primary Sludge 12-Day Detention Temperature,
Settleability, Filterability 85
60 Primary Sludge 18, 24, and 30-Day Detention
Temperature, Settleability, Filterability 86
61 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge Feed, and Secondary
Sludge Feed Temperature, Settleability, Filterability 87
62 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge 4, 12 & 24-Day
Detentions Temperature, Settleability, Filterability 88
63 Secondary Sludge 4, 8, & 12-Day Detentions
Temperature, Settleability, Filterability 89
64 Anaerobic Sludge, Aeration of Anaerobic Sludge
Temperature, Settleability, Filterability 90
65 Primary Sludge, Dissolved Oxygen, Mixed Liquor 130
66 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge, Dissolved Oxygen,
Mixed Liquor 131
67 Secondary Sludge, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Oxygen,
Mixed Liquor 131
68-A Primary Sludge Ammonia Nitrogen, Mixed Liquor, and
Filtrates 132
68-B Primary Sludge Ammonia Nitrogen, Filtrates 133
69 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge, Ammonia Nitrogen
Mixed Liquor and Filtrate (Paper) 134
Xll
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No. Page
70 Secondary Sludge, Ammonia Nitrogen, Mixed Liquor 135
71 Secondary Sludge, Ammonia Nitrogen Sand Bed 136
72 Primary Sludge, Nitrates, Mixed Liquor 137
73 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge, Nitrates, Mixed
Liquor 138
74 Secondary Sludge, Nitrates, Mixed Liquor 138
75 Primary Sludge, Nitrates, Filtrate 139
76 Primary Sludge, Nitrates, Sand Drying Beds, Filtrates 140
77 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge, Nitrates, Filtrates 141
78 Secondary Sludge, Nitrates, Filtrates, 142
79 Ammonia Nitrogen Plus Nitrates, Primary Sludge,
Mixed Liquor, Filtrates 143
80 Ammonia Nitrogen Plus Nitrates, Mixed Primary and
Secondary, Mixed Liquor, Filtrates 144
81 Ammonia Nitrogen Plus Nitrates, Secondary Sludge,
Mixed Liquor, Filtrates 145
82 Primary Sludge Phosphate, Mixed Liquor, Filtrate 146
83 Primary Sludge Phosphate, Filtrates 147
84 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge, Phosphate,
Mixed Liquor, Filtrates 148
85 Secondary Sludge, Phosphate, Mixed Liquor, Filtrates 149
86 Anaerobic Sludge, Phosphate, Mixed Liquor, Filtrates 150
87 Primary Sludge Chemical Oxygen Demand, Mixed Liquor
Filtrate 151
88 Primary Sludge Chemical Oxygen Demand, Filtrate 152
89 Primary Sludge Chemical Oxygen Demand, Filtrate 153
90 Primary Sludge Chemical Oxygen Demand, Supernatant,
Filtrate 154
xiii
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£^ Page
91 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge Chemical Oxygen
Demand, Mixed Liquor Filtrates 155
92 Secondary Sludge Chemical Oxygen Demand, Mixed Liquor,
Filtrate 156
93 Primary Sludge, Biochemical Oxygen Demand 157
94 Primary Sludge, pH 159
95 Mixed Primary and Secondary Sludge, pH 160
96 Secondary Sludge, pH 160
xiv
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. Sludge from waste treatment plants has proven to be one of the
most difficult problems for those intimately involved with waste treat-
ment plants. The difficulties involved are found in both small and
large plants. In full scale plants and in pilot plants used in this
investigation drying of sludge has proven to be rather difficult and
costly.
2. Dewatering and drying on sand beds were influenced by the deten-
tion time in the reactor. Settling four hours in a two liter graduate
cylinder before placing on drying beds did not always improve draina-
bility. Generally the primary sludge without treatment drained more
rapidly than aerated sludge. Four to eight days of aeration usually
produced a sludge with lower solids concentrations than other aeration
times.
3. For the batch aerobic digester a lower total solids concentration
was obtained for a 30 day detention period than for any lesser time.
4. Aerobic digestion of primary, mixed primary and secondary, and
secondary waste sludges are feasible, although results of some tests
show great variations.
5. Aerobic digestion of the above three sludges to acceptable end
products can be accomplished at 4 to 30 days detention time.
6. Maximum reduction in total solids and volatile solids in the mixed
liquor occurs at 4 to 30 days detention time.
7- Drainage of aerobically digested sludge surpassed the drainage of
anaerobically digested sludge. This is in complete agreement with
results reported by Quon (15) and Randall (17).
8. Sludge digested 4 to 12 days out-performed all other sludges used
for most of the time and for most of the parameters considered.
9. Evaporation had a very insignificant effect on the dewatering
process under the conditions to which the sand filters were exposed.
10. The drainage phase on sand beds was responsible for removing most
of the total volume of water removed.
11. Drainability of sludge on sand beds correlates fairly well with
filterability of primary sludge as measured by the capillary suction
automatic instrument. For mixed primary and secondary sludges there
was little correlation. With a simple test performed, this instrument
can provide the plant operator with a general idea of whether or not
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the sludge In the aerobic digester is ready for application on the
drying beds.
12. The drainability of the sludges tested showed a drainability ratio
over 25 except for the mixed primary and secondary sludge with detention
times of 8 and 18 days and for the anaerobic digested sludge.
13. The settling characteristics had no correlation whatsoever with the
drainage behavior of sludge.
14. After filtration through paper or sand beds, ammonia-N tends to
decrease; nitrate-N tends to increase; orthophosphate tends to decrease
and COD tends to increase.
15. COD values of the three sludges varied widely with detention time
and in relation to each other. The filtrates through paper and sand
beds show much lower COD values than the mixed liquors.
16. Filtrate (paper) liquors from the aerobic digestion showed higher
COD values than filtrate (paper) liquors from anaerobic digestion.
17. Free ammonia was generally less for the filtrates than for mixed
liquors for each of the three sludges. The concentrations generally
fluctuated with detention time.
18. There were erratic changes in the nitrates and phosphates for both
the mixed liquors and the filtrates. The filtrates showed a decrease
in the nitrates and phosphates as compared to the mixed liquors.
19. In the batch study, the total solids and volatile solids reductions
were a function of digestion time.
20. Efforts to obtain metering pumps for feeding the digesters or
reactors were unsuccessful. Some pumps clogged as many as four times
in one day. Thereafter, the reactors were fed once daily to obtain
each particular detention time. From previous experience with feeding
reactors it was shown that more continuous feeding would obtain about
five percent greater reductions in the magnitude of the various
parameters determined.
21. More consistent and more favorable results would probably occur
with a higher dissolved oxygen residual in the reactors.
22. According to information by correspondence with Tennessee Health
Department, they have had no odor problems at sewage treatment plants
utilizing the aerobic sludge digestion process in many full scale
plants. A higher oxygen content maintained in the aerobic digesters
of this project might have produced lower odor intensities in the
reactors of this project. In Oklahoma at two aerobic digesters at
sewage treatment plants odors are still a problem while at one plant
odors are not a serious problem.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
Studies are needed on the structural properties of aerobically digested
sludge to promote a greater understanding of what affects the drainage
rates. Dewatering of aerobically digested sludge utilizing mechanical
dewatering methods, such as vacuum filtration, centrifugation, filter
press dewatering, and the hydroclone need evaluation. The addition of
chemical conditioners to aerobically digested sludge may improve sludge
dewatering substantially. More studies are needed on the usage of
coarser sand as a drainage medium.
Pilot studies on the response of various mixes of primary and secondary
sludges to aerobic digestion are needed. Studies utilizing two-stage
aerobic digesters might be valuable. Further batch studies are needed
to substantiate the response of aerobic digestion of primary and/or
secondary sludges under more closely controlled conditions. Pilot
studies utilizing pure oxygen rather than diffused air as the oxygen
source might produce more consistant and better results.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
For many years, the sanitary engineer has been plagued with the problems
of sludge disposal. The problem was noticed in England in 1857 with a
proposal to remove part of the "filth" in sewage prior to its discharge
into a receiving stream. Methods for disposal of this filth, now
referred to as sludge, accounts for about 40 percent of the total
treatment cost.
Many new ideas for sludge treatment and disposal have been proposed and
put into use in recent years. Tighter effluent criteria, increasing
land costs, and population pressures have combined to make sludge dis-
posal more difficult and expensive. The increasingly large quantities
of sludge resulting from growth of industry increases the disposal
problems.
The method most commonly used today is that of anaerobic digestion
followed by dewatering of sludge. Dewatering practices include sand
drying beds, vacuum filtration, and pressure filtration. For at least
the last 10 or 15 years aerobic sludge digestion has been used or
experimented with in an attempt to provide better treatment at a lower
cost. Aerobic sludge digestion is a process in which waste sludges are
subjected to aeration by various means to reduce the amount of sludge
and to make it less objectionable estheticly.
To accomplish this, sludge dewatering must be performed in the most
economical method possible. Along with drying of sludges various
physical and chemical determinations have been made on primary sludge,
mixed primary and secondary sludge, and secondary sludge. A pilot
plant with four separate but identical units was set up at the Still-
water, Oklahoma sewage treatment plant, and two at the laboratories of
Oklahoma State University. The separation of the units was made because
there was room for only four at the sewage treatment plant.
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SECTION IV
OBJECTIVES
The basic objectives of the investigation were to determine the useful-
ness and effectiveness of aerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge
on a pilot plant basis. Comparisons were made of the various parameters
of the aerobically digested sludges including primary sludge, mixed
primary and secondary sludge, secondary sludge, and of the anaerobic
digested sludge.
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SECTION V
DESCRIPTION OF PILOT PLANT
AND EQUIPMENT
The Stillwater, Oklahoma, sewage treatment plant consists of an aerated
grit chamber, a preaeration tank, two primary clarifiers, a primary
trickling filter, an intermediate clarifier, a secondary trickling
filter, two final clarifiers, a primary digester, a secondary digester
and sludge drying beds, along with the auxiliaries that normally go with
treatment plants of this type. A schematic drawing of the pertinent
features of the plant are shown in Figure 1. The piping of the sewage
treatment plant was installed so that the sludge from the intermediate
clarifier and from the final clarifier would be returned to the primary
clarifier. Modifications of the piping were made so that the primary
sludge alone could be obtained for the pilot plant. Then valves were
changed so that the primary and secondary sludge could be obtained for
the pilot plant. Finally secondary sludge alone was piped to the pilot
plant. The sludge for use in the units at the Civil Engineering
School's laboratory were trucked in from the sewage treatment plant.
The pilot plant was set up with four complete units at the Stillwater
Sewage Treatment Plant in the main pump house, and two complete units
at the Oklahoma State University, Civil Engineering laboratories.
Each unit consisted of one 200 gallon polyethylene tank (180 gallon
capacity) placed inside of a 250 gallon tank. The first tank had a
smaller diameter than the second providing an annular space so that
water could be circulated from a constant temperature control unit to
the reactor and back again to the temperature control unit. This
arrangement provided essentially a constant temperature in the reactors
as soon as the controls were properly adjusted. The sludges were
placed in the aerobic reactors or digesters at specific intervals
usually once a day. Any overflow was discarded. Samples were taken
after the reactors approached equilibrium. A flow diagram of the
pilot plant is shown in Figure 2A and a schematic drawing is shown in
Figure 2B. Other features are shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7-
Flow to the reservoir from the primary clarifier was regulated by an
automatic valve which, in turn, was controlled by the sludge level in
the reservoir. The system was operated as a completely mixed semi-
continuous flow operation. The same amount of waste was discharged as
was fed to the reactor; i.e., inflow was equal to outflow. Detention
times of 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 30 days were investigated at a
temperature of 25 C. Air was supplied to the reactors through diffusers
located several inches from the bottom of each reactor. Air flow rate
was set at 88 cfm/1000 cu ft of digester space, and was measured by
calibrated flowmeters. Each reactor capacity was 180 gallons and
was placed inside a 250 gallon tank. The larger tanks were used for
temperature control. Heated or cooled water was pumped through the
bottom of the outside tank, between the walls of the outside tank and
-------
RECYCLE
RECYCLE
INFLUENT
FIRST
STAGE
FILTER
2 UNITS)
INTER
MEDIATE
CLARIFIER
UNIT)
SECOND
STAGE
FILTER
2 UNITS)
PRIMARY
LARIFIE
(2UNITS)
UNDERFLOW RECYCLE
UNDERFLOW RECYCLE
FINAL
CLARIFIER.
2UNITS)7 EFFLUENT
SETTLED
FIRST
STAGE
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
SLUDGE
DIGESTED
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
DRYING
BEDS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
OF
STILLWATFR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Figure 1
-------
AIR
SUPPLY
AIR
RAW SLUDGE
TEMP. CONTROL WATER
DIGESTION
UNITS
COMPLETELY MIXED.
WATER
TEMP
CONTROL
UNIT
RETURN WATER
DIGESTED.
SLUDGE
SLUDGE SAMPLE
SETTLING
UNITS
SETTLED
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
DRYING
BED
RAW
SLUDGE
SAMPLES
USED FOR
TESTS
DRAINAGE
TO PRIMARY
SETTLING TANK
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR
AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION SYSTEM
FIGURE 2-A
-------
RAW SLUDGE
FROM *"£
PRIMARY CLARIFIER
AUTOMATIC VALVE CONTROLLED
BY SLUDGE LEVEL IN SLUDGE
RESERVOIR
TIMER CONTROLLED
MOYNO METERING PUMP
i^i!n if '
DIGESTED
SLUDGE
SCHEMATIC OF AEROBIC SLUDGE
DIGESTION REACTOR
;;;/ :..V,V-';,.' .'.''.'V-.'c i-'[' -;' ;- >'. :.>
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Figure 2-B
INFLUENT
HEATING
OR
COOLING
WATER
AIR SUPPLY
EFFLUENT HEATING
OR COOLING WATER
-------
oo
Underdrain base
1/4" Plexi-glass
2000
SAND DRYING BED
1000
Figure 3
Polyethylene mesh
1/4" Drain
Graduated
cylinder
Filtrate
13
-------
CHARGING
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vy
MAINS
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0(0|l(6|9l4|
CS.T.
SECONDS
RESET -~^
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FINISH n^^T^v
r^ D.C. SUPPLY
O ED or
TEST
HF"AD
M
/
Cord ir^n
/ i P-
i a
pi-, !_J ,
-Sludge sample
__ -Sample Reservoir
-Top Block
r
=sa^" Bottom Block
"Filter Paper
C.S.T. Recorder
Filtration Block
Sample Reservoir.
Sludge Sample
Filtration Block
(top view)
Figure 4
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
FILTERABIL1TY INSTRUMENT
-------
the reactor to maintain the desired temperature in the reactors.
The sludge drying beds used for this study are illustrated schematically
in Figure 3. They are the portable, model-size type, made of 1/4-inch
thick plexiglass with a length of one foot, width of one foot, and a
depth of three feet.
Six of the above mentioned containers were used in this study. Each
contained a three-inch depth of gravel sieved through a 1/4-inch sieve
and retained on a 1/8-inch sieve; and a 12-inch depth of sand sieved
through sieve No. 20 and retained on sieve No. 40.
Both the gravel and the sand were supported by a strong polyethelene
mesh fitted to the base of each bed. A galvanized wire mesh was
inserted between the gravel and the sand layer to keep the sand particles
from penetrating through the gravel to the underdrain base.
A sloping base to each bed permitted the drainage to be removed through
a 1/2-inch drain for collection in a graduated cylinder.
The only unique apparatus used on this project was the Capillary Suction
Time (CST) instrument manufactured in England by Triton Electronics Ltd.
This instrument is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. It is used as a
measure of the filterability of the sludge. Filterability was used for
comparing with the drainability of the sludge. This was determined by
using the above simple automatic instrument for determining the filter-
ability of sludge. Six of these instruments were imported from England
and were used throughout this study. It consists of two separate
components: the filtration segment and the automatic time recorder.
The filtration segment consists of two 7 cm by 9 cm pieces of plexiglass
where a Whatman rectangular filter paper was placed between the two
blocks. The upper block had a 1.9 cm circular hole, where a stainless
steel collar which served as a sludge reservoir, was tightly placed
through the hole resting on the filter paper uniformly.
On the underside of the upper plexiglass block are two engraved circles
with diameters of 3.2 cm and 4.5 cm concentric with the reservoir. This
plexiglass block stands clear of the filter paper by resting on five
stainless steel supports (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Figure 4).
Electrical connections are made to probes 1, 2, and 3 which lead to the
other component, the automatic time recorder. Terminals 4 and 5 are
provided to hold the upper block parallel with the filter paper.
A photograph of this apparatus is shown in Figure 5. The apparatus for
determining the four hour settling of solids is shown in Figure 6, while
a digestion unit together with a temperature control unit are shown in
Figure 7.
15
-------
Other items such as analytical equipment and procedures are those com-
monly used in testing for physical and chemical components of the wastes.
Tests were made also on anaerobic digested sludge samples including
anaerobic digested sludge which was aerated for four days.
Digested sludge was collected from the reactors periodically for chemi-
cal and physical analyses. Samples were split into three fractions for
analyses. One fraction, the mixed liquor, was tested for the follow-
ing parameters: COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total
phosphates, total solids, volatile solids, and pH. A second fraction
was the filtrate from the mixed liquor. "Filtrate" here means that
liquid which passes through No. 40 Whatman filter paper. COD, BOD, PO^
Kjeldahl-nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were run on this fraction.
The third fraction was the mixed liquor after settling for four hours.
The supernatant was drawn off and the concentrated mixed liquor was
applied to the sand beds for determination of dewatering characteristics.
That liquid portion passing through the sand beds was then analyzed for
COD, PO,, and nitrogen
A summary of observations and tests made is given in Table 1.
FIGURE 5
FILTERABILITY APPARATUS
16
-------
FIGURE 6
APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE
4-HOUR SETTLING OF SOLIDS
FIGURE 7
DIGESTION UNITS WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL UNIT
17
-------
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS AND TESTS MADE
CD
Raw Sludge
Solids
Concentration
Ammonia N
Total Phosphorous
(Spot) B.O.D.
C.O.D.
PH
Temperature
2
Sludge
Aeration
Tank, Mixed Liquor
Solids
Concentration
Dissolved
Oxygen
Ammonia N
Nitrate N
Total Phosphorous
(Spot) B.O.D.
C.O.D.
PH
Temperature
Process
Aerated Settled
Sludge
Solids
Concentration
Filterability
Ammonia N
Nitrate N
Total Phosphorous
(Spot) B.O.D.
C.O.D.
pH
Temperature
Process
Effluent
Solids
Concentration
Dissolved
Oxygen
Ammonia N
Nitrate N
Total Phosphorous
(Spot) B.O.D.
C.O.D.
Temperature
Dried
Sludge
% Moisture
Drainability
(Spot) B.O.D.
C.O.D.
-------
SECTION VI
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
The solids, including daily feed and batch feed, in this project are
total and volatile mixed liquor sludge solids, and total and volatile
mixed liquor four hour settled solids for detention times ranging from
zero (feed) to 36 days. These measurements were made on primary sludge,
mixed primary and secondary sludge, and secondary sludges. The batch
unit was used on primary sludge only. The anaerobic digested sludge
and anaerobic sludge aerated for a detention period of four days were
included along with the above. The percent water for each of the above
was calculated from the above mentioned data. The above values are
plotted as averages on Figures 8 through 16 inclusive and individual
test results are recorded in Tables 2 through 15 inclusive. Settleabil-
ity of mixed liquor at four hours plotted in Figure 17 as percent by
volume settled against detention time in days. The settleabilities
are shown for primary sludge, batch primary sludge, mixed primary and
secondary sludge, and secondary sludge. Tables 55 through 64, inclusive
show the percent by volume for all the sludges. Most of the physical
parameters for the batch reactor are tabulated in Tables 53 and 54.
The filterability of sludges was measured on the mixed liquor by the
English instrument previously mentioned and is referred to as filtera-
bility, capillary suction time, or C.S.T. in seconds. Filterability
of sludges is summarized in Figure 18 on mixed liquors for primary
sludge, mixed primary and secondary sludge, secondary sludge, batch
primary sludge, and anaerobic sludge for several different times. The
C.S.T. values in seconds for various sludges are recorded in Tables 55
to 64 inclusive.
The drainability of sludges on sand beds is defined as the volume of
water drained (the filtrate in Figure 3) from the sludge at intervals
over various periods of time. The mean drainability of any given sludge
is defined here as the ratio of volume drained to the volume applied
after 180 hours. Mean drainabilities are recorded in Figure 19.
Table 16 records the mean or average drainability of sludges on sand
beds. The record of volumes applied and volumes drained are recorded
in Tables 17 to 52, inclusive. Drainability and filterability are
compared by plotting detention time on the abscissa, against mean
filterability on the left-hand ordinate and mean drainability on the
right-hand ordinate. These relationships are plotted in Figures 20,
21, and 22. Temperatures are recorded in Tables 17 to 64 inclusive
and values for settleability and filterability are recorded in Figure
23 for primary, mixed primary and secondary, secondary, and anaerobic
sludge. These values for settleability and filterability are also
shown in Tables 55 to 64, inclusive.
Figures 24 to 27, inclusive, are photographs of the primary sludge
feed on sand drying beds for draining and drying. Figures 28 to 31,
19
-------
SJ
o
50
40
E
O
§ 30
CO
Q
_l
o
co 20
10
T3
0)
0>
Lu
J I
MIXED PRIMARY
a SECONDARY
PRIMARY
024 8 12
18
24
30
ANAEROBIC DIGESTED SLUDGE! TOTAL = 86,700 mg/l
VOLATILE -37,500mg/l
AERATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTED SLUDGE ( 4 DAYS )
TOTAL - 86,040mg/l
VOLATILE = 36,620mg/l
MIXED PRIMARY
B SECONDARY
PRIMARY
024 8 12
18
24 30
TOTAL
DETENTION TIME ( DAYS)
VOLATILE
AVERAGE VALUES - MIXED LIQUOR - SLUDGE SOLIDS
FIGURE 8
-------
t-o
50
40 --
o>
E
O
30
Q
_l
O
20
10
65.8
PRIMARY
MIXED PRIMARY
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
__--o
TJ
0>
I I
024 8 12
18
24
30
ANAEROBIC DIGESTED SLUDGE! TOTAL = 156,091 mg/l
VOLATILE = 39,070mg/I
AERATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTED SLUDGE! (4 DAYS )
TOTAL = 86,2l3mg/l
VOLATILE = 37,666mg/l
PRIMARY
MIXED PRIMARY
a SECONDARY
I I
J I
024 8 12
18
24 30
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
TOTAL SOLIDS VOLATILE SOLIDS
AVERAGE VALUES-MIXED LIQUOR-4 HOUR SETTLED SLUDGE SOLIDS
FIGURE 9
-------
40-
30- -
KJ
_i
O
o
o
o
en
20--
10-
Q
LU
LU
UJ
to
Q
O
t
z
UJ
Q
Q
CM
CM
CD
o
to
Q
LJ
LJ
LJ
(5
O
tr
2
O
LU
Q
Q
CM
CO
CO
CO
CM
O
to
PRIMARY SLUDGE 4-HOUR SETTLED
MIXED LIQUOR TOTAL SOLIDS
FIGURE 10
-------
30--
U)
_J
D>
Q
O
O
20-
en
o
CO
o
H 10-
o
Q
LJ
LJ
ID
Q
CO
5
*
z:
o
LU
LJ
Q
>
Q
CV1
I
"
*
~
~
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;
01
=
-
00
z
-
CJ
:
-
O
m
-
-
CD
ro
Q
LJ
LJ
O
Q
_l
CO
5
cc
z
o
LJ
LJ
Q
>-
Q
CVI
;
*
:
00
-
-
CD
-
CJ
-
O
to
-
ro
PRIMARY SLUDGE BATCH DIGESTER 4-HOUR SETTLED
MIXED LIQUOR TOTAL SOLIDS
FIGURE II
-------
40- -
N)
-C--
30
|
O
o
o
20-
crt
-o
~O
to
"
° 10-
0
n
Q
LJ
LJ
U.
UJ
CD
Q
CO
5
ST.
0
1-
LJ
|
1 1 1
Q
>
Q
CXJ
-
-
*
;
-
00
-
=
CO
-
-
00
;
-
CO
:
0
rr>
o
LJ
LJ
u-
LJ
C3
O
CO
$
tr
^
o
i-
LJ
|
I , |
Q
>
Q
CO
_
*
_
00
-
CO
-
00
_
CO
_
0
to
PRIMARY SLUDGE 4-HOUR SETTLED
MIXED LIQUOR VOLATILE SOLIDS
FIGURE 12
-------
S3
20--
o
o
o
o
CO
i'o-
cr
00
OJ
CO
ro
or
Ld
co
GO
CVJ
O
ro
PRIMARY SLUDGE BATCH DIGESTER 4-HOUR SETTLED
MIXED LIQUOR VOLATILE SOLIDS
FIGURE 13
-------
NJ
ON
100
99
QD
-7O
97-
ct
LJ
< 96-
^
i
z 95-
LJ
O
CC
LJ
Q.
an
Q
LJ
LJ
U.
LJ
to
Q
1
CO
5
<
-------
99.0-
SECONDARY MIXED LIQUOR
98.0-
SECONDARY-4 MRS. SETTLED - MIXED LIQUOR
97.0-
cc
UJ
96.0--!,
UJ
o
CE
UJ
£L
95.0-
PRIMARY MIXED LIQUOR
MIXED PRIMARY B SECONDARY
4 HRS. SETTLED-MIXED LIQUOR
MIXED PRIMARY a SECONDARY
MIXED LIQUOR
94.0
I \
\/
PRIMARY-4 HRS. SETTLED - MIXED LIQUOR
93.0-
2 4
8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME ( DAYS)
30
WATER CONTENT-SLUDGE MIXED LIQUOR
FIGURE 15
27
-------
00 [-
c»
cc
LJ
O
o:
95
90
_
-
Q
LJ
UJ
1 1
UJ
O
<
5
UJ
CO
5
<
cc
H
O
(-
z
UJ
i-
UJ
Q
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-
<
Q
CM
_
^-
_
00
CM
s
_
CO
=
.
-------
TABLE 2
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS FEED
Date: 1970-71
6-9
8-31
10-13
11-9
11-24
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-24
AVG
Total
71,289
111,000
34,000
22,000
32,000
37,500
33,275
27,495
33,600
31,500
43,366
Volatile
SLUDGE
46,474
55,000
18,000
18,000
30,000
24,000
18,047
20,408
27,000
23,000
27,993
Fixed
FEED
24,815
56,000
16,000
4,000
2,000
13,500
15,228
7,087
6,600
8,500
15,373
% Water
92.9
88.9
96.6
97.8
96.8
96.2
96.7
97.3
96.7
96.8
95.7
Total
36,000
28,000
43,800
37,314
39,906
30,400
30,000
35,060
Volatile
SLUDGE FEED
28,000
26,000
28,000
23,193
30,046
25,000
21,500
25,963
Fixed %
4-HOURS SETTLED
8,000
2,000
15,800
14,121
9,860
5,400
8,500
9,097
Water
96.4
97.2
95.6
96.3
96.0
97.0
97.0
96.5
-------
U)
o
TABLE 3
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 2-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1970-71
6-5
6-9
8-31
10-13
11-9
11 24
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
Total
62,138
49,333
27,000
14,000
26,000
14,000
16,700
17,215
15,048
26,826
Volatile
MIXED
27,953
21,333
20,000
8,000
22,000
12,000
11,000
8,853
10,422
15,729
Fixed
LIQUOR
34,188
28,000
7,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
5,700
8,362
4,626
11,097
% Water
93.8
95.1
97.3
98.6
97.4
98.6
98.3
98.3
98.5
97.3
Total
26,000
30,000
146,600
44,155
82,270
65,805
Volatile
MIXED LIQUOR
18,000
26,000
59,400
24,053
55,750
36,641
Fixed
4-HOURS
8,000
4,000
87,200
20,102
26,520
29,164
% Water
SETTLED
97.4
97.0
85.3
95.6
91.8
93.4
-------
CO
TABLE 4
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 4-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1970-71
Total
Volatile
Fixed
% Water
MIXED LIQUOR
6-5
6-9
8-31
10-13
11-9
11-24
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-16
2-24
2-24
AVG
38,580
32,000
28,000
28,000
22,000
14,800
17,481
13,315
30,000
27,800
23,500
32,000
25,623
19,522
18,000
21,000
22,000
18,000
9,500
10,770
9,352
24,400
22,600
18,500
24,500
18,179
19,058
14,000
7,000
6,000
4,000
5,300
6,711
3,963
5,600
5,200
5,000
7,500
7,444
96.1
96.8
97.2
97.2
97.8
98.5
98.3
98.7
97.0
97.2
97.6
96.8
97.4
MIXED LIQUOR 4-HOURS SETTLED
36,000
32,000
26,000
41,568
45,337
28,400
28,200
47,500
33,000
35,334
22,000
28,000
16,000
25,901
31,241
23,000
22,400
35,500
24,500
25,394
14,000
4,000
10,000
15,667
14,096
5,400
5,800
12,000
8,500
9,940
96.4
96.8
97.4
95.8
95.5
97.2
97. 2
95.2
96.7
96.5
-------
U)
ho
Date: 1970-71
TABLE 5
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 8-DAY DETENTION
6-9
8-31
10-13
11-9
11-24
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-24
AVG
Total
13,333
22,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
21,900
17,616
11,786
21,000
18,500
18,014
Volatile
MIXED
8,000
17,000
4,000
14,000
16,000
14,700
11,033
8,321
16,400
13,500
12,296
Fixed
LIQUOR
5,333
5,000
14,000
4,000
2,000
7,200
6,583
3,465
4,600
5,000
5,718
% Water
Total
Volatile
MIXED LIQUOR
98.7
97.8
98.2
98.2
98.2
97.8
98.2
98.8
97.7
98.2
98.2
26,000
26,000
24,000
30,977
37,417
32,400
40,000
30,971
12,000
22,000
15,200
15,988
25,500
23,200
27,000
20,127
Fixed
% Water
4-HOURS SETTLED
14,000
4,000
8,800
14,989
11,917
9,200
13,000
10,844
97.4
97.4
97.6
96.9
96.3
96.8
96.0
96.9
-------
OJ
OJ
TABLE 6
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 12-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1970-71
Total
Volatile
Fixed
MIXED LIQUOR
% Water Total Volatile Fixed % Water
MIXED LIQUOR 4-HOURS SETTLED
6-9
10-13
11-9
11-24
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-24
4-3
4-20
4-25
AVG
12,000
14,000
14,000
18,500
14,777
13,773
20,000
21,500
21,000
63,500
30,000
22,095
6,000
12,000
12,000
12,500
5,559
9,024
16,200
16,000
16,125
55,000
20,750
16,469
6,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
9,218
4,749
3,800
5,500
4,875
8,500
9,250
5,626
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.2
98.5
98.6
98.0
97.8
97.9
93.6
97.0
97.8
16,000
28,000
32,400
14,800
20,514
37,000
29,250
51,500
39,250
29,864
10,000
24,000
22,000
9,377
13,800
26,000
23,125
34,500
26,500
21,034
6,000
4,000
10,400
5.423
6,774
11,000
6,125
17,000
12,750
8,830
98.4
97.2
96.8
98.5
97.9
96.3
97.1
94.8
96.1
97.0
-------
TABLE 7
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 18-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1971
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
4-25
5-1
AVG
Total
15,000
29,000
27,500
23,833
21,000
22,000
14,500
19,167
20,750
19,500
20,125
Volatile
MIXED
9,000
20,000
26,700
18,567
14,750
15,500
7,500
12,583
14,250
12,500
13,375
Fixed
LIQUOR
6,000
9,000
800
5,266
SOLIDS
6,250
6,500
7,000
6,584
SOLIDS
6,500
7,000
6,750
% Water Total
Volatile
Fixed
% Wat<
MIXED LIQUOR 4-HOURS SETTLED
98.5
97.1
97.2
97.6
24-DAY
97.9
97.8
98.6
98.1
30-DAY
97.9
98.0
98.0
27,500
32,500
36,000
32,000
DETENTION
31,500
37,000
38,000
35,500
DETENTION
30,500
29,000
29,750
19,500
23,250
25,000
22,583
21,500
24,000
25,000
23,500
19,500
17,500
18,500
8,000
9,250
11,000
9,417
10,000
13,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
11,500
11,250
97.2
96.8
96.4
96.8
96.8
96.3
96.2
96.4
97.0
97.1
97.0
-------
CO
TABLE 8
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 4-DAY DETENTION
Date:
1971
Total
Volatile
Fixed
% Wat.
SLUDGE FEED
5-28
5-29
AVG
5-27
5-28
5-29
AVG
47,800
48,400
48,100
30,200
32,800
29,200
30,733
32,000
32,000
MIXED
22,000
24,000
21,600
22,533
15,800
15,800
LIQUOR
8,200
8,800
7,600
8,200
95.2
95.2
95.2
97.0
96.7
97.1
96.9
Total Volatile Fixed % Water
SLUDGE FEED 4-HOURS SETTLED
46,400
30,000
38,200
30,000
21,200
25,600
16,400
8,800
12,600
95.4
97.0
96.2
MIXED LIQUOR 4-HOURS SETTLED
31,200 22,200 9,000 96.9
33,600 22,600 11,000 96.6
29,200 21,600 7,600 97.1
31,333 22,133 9,200 96.9
-------
TABLE 9
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 12-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1971
Total
Volatile Fixed
SLUDGE FEED
% Water Total Volatile Fixed % Water
SLUDGE FEED 4-HOURS SETTLED
6-4
6-5
AVG
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-16
AVG
38,600
52,000
45,300
33,600
33,600
33,600
34,000
33,700
24,000
29,600
26,800
MIXED
20,800
21,200
21,200
22,000
21,300
14,600
22,400
18,500
LIQUOR
12,800
12,400
12,400
12,000
12,400
96.1
94.8
95.5
96.6
96.6
96.6
96.6
96.6
39,400
51,600
45,500
38,400
34,000
36.400
36,200
36,250
24,800
29,600
27,200
MIXED LIQUOR
24,400
22,000
21,800
23,340
22,885
14,600
22,000
18,300
96.1
94.8
95.4
4-HOUR SETTLED
14,000
12,000
14,600
12,860
13,365
96.2
96.6
96.4
96.4
96.4
-------
CO
TABLE 10
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 24-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1971
Total
Volatile Fixed
SLUDGE FEED
% Water Total Volatile Fixed % Water
SLUDGE FEED 4-HOUR SETTLED
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
40,400
39,200
31,200
36,933
28,400
28,000
29,200
28,533
31,200
29,200
23,280
27,893
MIXED
17,600
18,320
19,600
18,507
9,200
10,000
7,920
9,040
LIQUOR
10,800
9,680
9,600
10,027
96.0
96.1
96.9
96.3
97.2
97.2
97.1
97.2
46,800
38,000
35,200
40,000
MIXED
33,600
31,200
35,200
33,333
32,600
28,000
22,800
27,800
LIQUOR
22,320
22,800
22,800
22,640
14,200
10,000
12,400
12,200
95.3
96.2
96.5
96.0
4-HOURS SETTLED
11,280
8,400
12,400
10,693
96.6
96.9
96.5
96.7
-------
u>
00
TABLE 11
SECONDARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 4-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1971
Total
Volatile Fixed
SLUDGE FEED
% Water Total Volatile Fixed % Water
SLUDGE FEED 4-HOURS SETTLED
6-1
6-2
6-3
AVG
6-1
6-2
6-3
AVG
20,400
25,600
24 , 800
23,600
8,400
9,200
11,600
9,733
14,400
16,000
16,400
15,600
MIXED
5,600
6,200
8,000
6,600
6,000
9,600
8,400
8,000
LIQUOR
2,800
3,000
3,600
3,133
98.0
97.4
97.5
97.6
99.1
99.1
98.8
99.0
26,800
33,000
30,400
30,067
MIXED
28,400
28,400
25,200
27,333
18,400
20,200
20,200
19,600
LIQUOR
18,800
19,200
16,400
18,133
8,400
12,800
10,200
10,467
97.3
96.7
97.0
97.0
4-HOURS SETTLED
9,600
9,200
8,800
9,200
97.2
97.2
97.5
97.3
-------
TABLE 12
SECONDARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 8-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1971
Total
Volatiles Fixed
SLUDGE FEED
% Water Total Volatiles Fixed % Water
SLUDGE FEED 4-HOURS SETTLED
6-15
6-16
AVG
6-13
6-15
6-16
AVG
26,400
25,600
26,000
20,800
22,600
22,200
21,867
16,000
16,000
16,000
MIXED
12,400
13,400
13,600
13,133
10,400
9,600
10,000
LIQUOR
8,400
9,200
8,600
8,734
97.4
97.4
97.4
97.9
97.7
97.8
97.8
40,000
40,200
40,100
MIXED
23,400
23,600
23,520
23,507
23,600
24,600
24,100
LIQUOR
13,800
13,600
14,200
13,867
16,400
15,600
16,000
96.0
96.0
96.0
4-HOURS SETTLED
9,600
10,000
9,320
9,640
97.7
97.6
97.6
97.6
-------
TABLE 13
SECONDARY SLUDGE
SOLIDS 12-DAY DETENTION
Date: 1971
Total
Volatile Fixed
SLUDGE FEED
% Water Total Volatile Fixed % Water
SLUDGE FEED 4-HOURS SETTLED
6-25
6-28
AVG
6-25
6-28
7-1
AVG
26,600
29,680
28,140
20,200
20,800
21,000
20,667
16,000
19,000
17,500
MIXED
12,120
12,320
12,400
12,280
10,600
10,680
10,640
LIQUOR
8,080
8,480
8,600
8,387
97.3
97.0
97.2
98.0
97.9
97.9
97.9
40,000
35,600
37,800
MIXED
24,800
25,840
21,200
23,947
24,600
21,280
22,940
LIQUOR
15,760
14,880
12,480
14,373
15,400
14,320
14,860
96.0
96.4
96.2
4-HOURS SETTLED
9,040
10,960
8,720
9,573
97.5
97.4
97.9
97.6
-------
TABLE 14
ANAEROBIC DIGESTED SLUDGE
SOLIDS
Date: 1970-71
Total
Volatile
Fixed
MIXED LIQUOR
% Water Total Volatile Fixed % Water
MIXED LIQUOR 4-HOURS SETTLED
6-9
1-21
2-16
2-24
AVG
102,559
138,499
66,000
68,500
93,890
42,256
36,710
31,400
30,500
35,217
60,303
101,789
34,600
38,000
58,673
89.7
86.2
93.4
93.2
90.6
TABLE 15
156,091 39,070
117,021 84.4
AERATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTED SLUDGE
Date:
1971
Total
Volatile
SOLIDS -
Fixed
- 4-DAY
% Water
SLUDGE FEED NOT SETTLED
6-25
6-28
7-4
AVG
83,6000
88,480
86,040
35,680
37,560
36,620
47,920
50,920
49,420
91.6
91.2
91.4
DETENTION
Total Volatile
MIXED LIQUOR
85,600 38,000
85,040 35,800
88,000 39,200
86,213 37,666
Fixed % Wate
4-HOURS SETTLED
47,600 91.4
49,240 91.5
48,800 91.2
48,547 91.4
-------
Mixed Primary
& Secondary
Sludge
Mixed Primary
& Secondary
Sludge Settled
4 Hours
Secondary
Sludge
Anaerobic
Sludge
TABLE 16
SUMMARY
MEAN DRAINABILITY OF SLUDGES ON SAND BEDS
Ratio of Volume Drained to Volume Applied at 180 Hours
Unless Otherwise Noted
Identification Feed
Batch Primary
Sludge
Primary Sludge 55.10
82.70
2-Day
34.96
67.53
Detention Time of Aerobic Sludge Digestion
4-Day 8-Day 12-Day 18-Day 24-Day 30-Day
32.86 46.16
61.96 51.25 60.41 52.42 47.61 46.50
82.57 18.01
22.5
29.5
56.35 45.00 46.34
Anaerobic
23.69
-------
TABLE 17
PRIMARY SLUDGE
FEED
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED
96% INITIAL MOISTURE
9439 ML.
Date
1971
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
2-1
2-2
2-14
Time
2:45 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.2
2.2
7.2
19.2
31.2
43.2
55.2
67.2
79.2
91.2
103.2
115.2
127.2
139.2
439.2
Temp.
c
19
19
17
17
17
24
25
24
26
25
24
21
23
22
23
23
23
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
4
1.3
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
2260
2120
290
280
140
36
20
15
13
7
7
5
5
2
2
0
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
2260
4380
4670
4950
5090
5126
5146
5161
5174
5181
5188
5193
5198
5200
5202
5202
Volume
Applied
%
0
23.94
46.40
49.48
52.44
53.92
54.31
54.52
54.68
54.81
54.89
54.96
55.02
55.07
55.09
55.10
55.10
43
-------
TABLE 18
PRIMARY SLUDGE
4-DAY BATCH AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18,878 ML.
98.1% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
3-26
3-27
3-28
3-29
3-30
3-31
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
Time
4.00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
10:30 p.m.
12:15 p.m.
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12 : 00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12: 00 noon
7:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
4
6.5
8.3
20
32
44
56
68
80
92
104
116
140
164
188
219
234
258
294
309
334
Temp.
c
26
26
26.5
27
27
27
27
29
28
27
27
27
29
28
25
26
27
26
26
24
18
27
27
27
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.50
6.25
6.20
6.06
6.00
5.87
5.69
5.44
5.38
5.20
5.13
5.00
4.87
4.75
4.31
4.00
3.81
3.50
3.38
3.20
3.00
2.75
2.50
Vol.
of
Flit.
ml.
0
1630
630
375
350
120
410
380
290
240
240
160
175
140
170
520
610
240
280
180
280
320
300
480
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
1630
2260
2635
2985
3105
3515
3895
4185
4425
4665
4825
5000
5140
5310
5830
6440
6680
6960
7140
7420
7740
8040
8520
Volume
Applied
%
0
8.60
11.97
13.95
15.81
16.44
18.61
20.63
22.16
23.43
24.71
25.55
26.48
27.22
28.12
30.88
34.11
35.38
36.86
37.82
39.30
41.00
42.58
45.13
44
-------
TABLE 19
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY BATCH AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
92.5% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-11
4-13
4-14
Time
5:00 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
12:00mdnt
7:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
3
5
7
26
53
65
89
116
141
194
243
261
°C
27
27
27
27
27
25
26
24
18
26
27
27
30
26
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.87
6.81
6.75
6.69
6.69
6.25
6.00
5.75
5.50
5.31
5.00
4.69
4.25
4.00
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
890
540
350
390
240
930
560
580
500
375
370
690
520
150
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
890
1430
1780
2170
2410
3340
3900
4480
4980
5355
5725
6415
6935
7085
Volume
Applied
0
4.71
7.57
9.42
11.49
12.76
17.69
20.65
23.73
26.37
28.36
30.32
33.98
36.73
37.53
45
-------
TABLE 20
PRIMARY SLUDGE
30-DAY BATCH AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
98.7% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24
4-25
4-26
4-28
4-29
4-30
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
Time
4:30 a.m.
5:30 a.m.
6:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
10:30 a.m.
8:30 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
5:30 p.m.
12:30 p.m.
12:30 p.m.
12:30 p.m.
12:30 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
4
6
16
30.5
41
53
65
89
113
137
178.5
205.5
221.5
253
272
296
320
344
Temp.
c
25
25
25
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
25
24
24
25
25
25
42
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.93
6.81
6.75
6.62
6.25
5.69
5.44
5.06
4.75
4.31
3.87
3.50
2.5
2.25
2.25
2.00
1.75
1.62
1.50
1.38
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
730
520
550
310
840
1150
665
730
590
1135
760
780
1230
450
470
480
235
250
225
200
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
730
1250
1800
2110
2950
4100
4765
5495
6085
7220
7980
8960
9990
10440
10910
11390
11625
11865
12100
12300
Volume
Applied
0
3.86
6.62
9.53
11.17
15.62
21.71
25.24
29.10
32.23
38.24
42.27
46.40
52.91
55.30
57.79
60.33
61.57
62.29
64.09
65.15
46
-------
TABLE 21
PRIMARY SLUDGE
2-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 14159
85.3% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-19
1-21
Time
6:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
6:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
6:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
18
24
30
42
54
66
78
90
114
138
162
186
210
234
282
330
Temp.
c
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
25
24
24
23
24
25
25
23
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
6.0
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
2880
570
580
610
550
450
860
560
480
300
610
350
250
170
140
280
150
70
30
30
50
65
105
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
2880
3450
4030
4640
5190
5640
6500
7060
7540
7840
8450
8800
9050
9220
9360
9640
9790
9860
9890
9920
9970
10035
10140
Volume
Applied
%
0
20.34
24.37
28.46
32.77
36.66
39.83
45.91
49.86
53.25
55.37
59.68
62.15
63.92
65.12
66.11
68.08
69.14
69.64
69.85
70.06
70.41
70.87
71.62
47
-------
TABLE 22
PRIMARY SLUDGE
2-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 9439
91.8% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-7
2-10
2-14
Time
2:45 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.25
2.25
7.25
19.25
31.25
43.25
55.25
67.25
79.25
91.25
103.25
115.25
127.25
139.25
151.25
175.25
199.25
223.25
271.25
343.25
439.25
Temp.
c
19
19
17
17
17
24
25
24
26
25
24
21
23
22
23
23
23
24
21
22
23
24
23
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
4
2.9
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
610
1160
780
980
1550
580
290
170
130
60
60
35
32
17
17
15
21
13
9
7
5
15
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
610
1770
2550
3530
5080
5660
5950
6120
6250
6310
6370
6405
6437
6456
6471
6486
6507
6520
6529
6536
6541
6556
Volume
Applied
%
0
6.46
18.75
27.01
37.39
53.81
59.95
63.02
64.83
66.20
66.84
67.47
67.84
68.18
68.36
68.54
68.70
68.92
69.06
69.16
69.23
69.28
69.40
48
-------
TABLE 23
PRIMARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 14159
97.4% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-19
1-21
Time
6:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
6:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
6:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
18
24
30
42
54
66
78
90
114
138
186
210
234
282
330
Temp.
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
25
24
24
24
25
25
23
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
6.0
3.6
2.6
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
3060
1410
1800
1180
300
360
910
440
336
105
270
165
75
70
60
80
11
0
23
10
38
35
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
3060
4470
6270
7450
7750
8110
9020
9460
9796
9901
10171
10336
10411
10481
10541
10621
10632
10632
10655
10665
10703
10738
Volume
Applied
%
0
21.61
31.57
44.28
52.62
54.74
57.28
63.71
66.81
69.19
69.93
71.83
73.00
73.53
74.02
74.45
75.01
75.09
75.09
75.25
75.32
75.59
75.84
49
-------
TABLE 24
PRIMARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 9439
95.5% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-7
2-10
2-14
Time
2:45 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10.00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.25
2.25
7.25
19.25
31.25
43.25
55.25
67.25
79.25
91.25
103.25
115.25
127.25
139.25
151.25
175.25
199.25
223.25
271.25
343.25
439.25
Temp.
d
19
19
17
17
17
24
25
24
26
25
24
21
23
22
23
23
23
24
21
22
23
24
23
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
4
2.3
1.9
1.7
1.3
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
950
1340
1660
930
1700
460
190
110
100
35
36
20
19
17
21
16
24
31
12
25
30
4
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
950
2290
3950
4880
6580
7040
7230
7340
7440
7475
7511
7531
7550
7567
7588
7604
7628
7659
7671
7696
7726
7730
Volume
Applied
%
0
10.06
24.26
41.84
51.69
69.70
74.57
76.58
77.75
78.81
79.16
79.56
79.77
79.97
80.15
80.37
80.54
80.80
81.12
81.25
81.52
81.83
81.88
50
-------
TABLE 25
PRIMARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878
97.7% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-8
3-10
Time
7:40 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
1:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:30 a.m.
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
0.3
2.3
14.3
26.3
38.3
50.3
62.3
74.3
86.3
98.3
110.3
122-3
147.3
158.3
184-3
209-3
230.3
278.8
328.3
Temp.
c
23
23
23
23.5
25
24
26
24
24
23
22
23.5
24
24
24.5
25
24.5
24
23
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.3
6.7
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.3
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.3
3.9
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1110
1150
1700
400
220
180
200
150
160
100
100
90
130
.160
190
320
310
430
.260
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1110
2260
3960
4360
4580
4760
4960
5110
5270
5370
5470
5560
5690
5850
6040
6360
6670
7100
7360
Volume
Applied
%
0
5.87
11.97
20.97
23.09
24.26
25.21
26.27
27.06
27.91
28.44
28.97
29.45
30.14
30.98
31.99
33.69
35.33
37.60
38.98
51
-------
TABLE 26
PRIMARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878
96.7% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-10
Time
7:40 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.3
2.3
14.3
26.3
38.3
50.3
62.3
74.3
86.3
98.3
110.3
122.3
147.3
158.3
328.3
Temp.
23
23
23
23.5
25
24
26
24
24
23
22
23.5
24
24
24.5
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
3.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.0
2.0
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
6020
2600
1640
88
290
230
170
100
72
35
27
22
14
0
0
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
6020
8620
10260
10348
10638
10868
11038
11138
11210
11245
11272
11294
11308
11308
11308
Volume
Applied
%
0
31.88
45.66
54.34
54.81
56.35
57.56
58.47
58.99
59.38
59.56
59.70
59.82
59.90
59.90
59. 90
52
-------
TABLE 27
PRIMARY SLUDGE
8-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 14159
97.6% INITIAL MOISUTRE
ML.
Date
1971
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-19
1-21
Time
Elapsed
Time Hours
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
6
12
6
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
p.m.
p.m.
p.m.
p.m.
p.m.
p.m.
mdnt
a.m.
noon
p.m.
mdnt
noon
mdnt
noon
mdnt
noon
noon
noon
noon
noon
noon
noon
noon
noon
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
18
24
30
42
54
66
78
90
114
138
162
186
210
234
282
330
Temp.
°C
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
25
24
24
23
24
25
25
23
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
6.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0
9
8
6
5
5
4
3
I
0
0
9
8
8
5
5
3
2
0
9
8
8
5
3
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1980
180
175
170
210
265
600
340
330
150
250
190
130
130
120
250
200
290
130
240
190
230
260
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1980
2160
2335
2505
2715
2980
3580
3920
4250
4400
4650
4840
4970
5100
5220
5470
5670
5960
6090
6330
6520
6750
7010
Volume
Applied
%
0
13.
15.
16.
17.
19.
21.
25.
27.
30.
31.
32.
34.
35.
36.
36.
38.
40.
42.
43.
44.
46.
47.
49.
98
26
49
69
18
05
26
69
02
08
84
18
10
02
87
63
05
09
01
71
05
67
51
53
-------
TABLE 28
PRIMARY SLUDGE
8-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 9439
96.3% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-7
2-10
2-14
Time
2:45 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.25
2.25
7.25
19.25
31.25
43.25
55.25
67.25
79.25
91.25
103.25
115.25
127.25
139.25
151.25
175.25
199.25
223.25
271.25
343.25
439.25
Temp.
c<
19
19
17
17
17
24
25
24
26
25
24
21
23
22
23
23
23
24
21
22
23
24
23
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
4
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.3
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1420
1645
980
660
870
600
210
130
105
50
77
62
58
66
67
34
14
40
6
55
135
120
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1420
3065
4045
4705
5575
6175
6385
6515
6620
6670
6747
6809
6867
6933
7000
7034
7048
7088
7094
7149
7284
7404
Volume
Applied
%
0
15.04
32.46
42.85
49.84
59.05
65.41
67.63
69.01
70.12
70.65
71.46
72.12
72.74
73.43
74.14
74.50
74.65
75.07
75.14
75.72
77.15
78.42
54
-------
TABLE 29
PRIMARY SLUDGE
8-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878
98.2% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-8
3-10
Time
7:40 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
1:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:30 a.m.
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.3
2.3
14.3
26.3
38.3
50.3
62.3
74.3
86.3
98.3
110.3
122.3
135.3
158.3
184.3
209.3
230.3
254.8
304.3
Te^p.
23
23
23
23.5
25
24
26
24
24
23
22
23.5
24
24
24.5
25
24.5
24
23
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
6.9
6.6
6.0
5.7
5.4
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.1
2.8
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
200
580
750
1200
1080
630
520
410
340
170
170
160
190
220
230
400
410
510
265
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
200
780
1530
2730
3810
4440
4960
5370
5710
5880
6050
6210
6400
6620
6850
7250
7660
8170
8435
Volume
Applied
%
0
1.05
4.13
8.10
14.46
20.18
23.51
26.27
28.44
30.24
31.14
32.04
32.89
33.90
35.06
36.28
38.40
40.57
43.27
44.68
55
-------
TABLE 30
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 14159
96.8% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-19
1-21
Time
6:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
6:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
6:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
18
24
30
42
54
66
78
90
114
138
162
186
210
234
282
330
Temp.
L*
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
25
24
24
23
24
25
25
23
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
6.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.3
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1300
160
0
170
200
240
400
250
230
140
405
360
350
340
410
810
400
460
190
290
200
410
240
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1300
1460
1460
1630
1830
2070
2470
2720
2950
3090
3495
3855
4205
4545
4955
5765
6165
6625
6815
7105
7305
7715
7955
Volume
Applied
%
0
9.18
10.31
10.31
11.51
12.92
14.62
17.44
19.21
20.83
21.82
24.68
27.23
29.70
30.10
35.00
40.72
43.54
46.79
48.13
50.18
51.59
54.49
56.18
56
-------
TABLE 31
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 9439
97.1% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-7
2-10
2-14
Time
2:45 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.25
2.25
7.25
19.25
31.25
43.25
55.25
67.25
79.25
91.25
103.25
115.25
127.25
139.25
151.25
175.25
199.25
223.25
271.25
343.25
439.25
Temp.
c
19
19
17
17
17
24
25
24
26
25
24
21
23
22
23
23
23
24
21
22
23
24
23
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
4
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.0
1.7
1.3
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
310
500
760
800
930
700
620
390
290
120
110
59
40
22
16
10
14
24
22
77
73
100
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
310
810
1570
2370
3300
4000
4620
5010
5300
5420
5530
5589
5629
5651
5667
5677
5691
5715
5737
5814
5887
5987
Volume
Applied
%
0
3.28
8.58
16.63
25.10
34.95
42.37
48.94
53.07
56.14
57.41
58.57
59.20
59.62
59.86
60.03
60.13
60.28
60.53
60.77
61.58
62.36
63.41
57
-------
TABLE 32
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878
97.9% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-26
2-28
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-8
3-10
Time
7:40 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
1:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:30 a.m.
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.3
2.3
14.3
26.3
38.3
50.3
62.3
74.3
86.3
98.3
110.3
122.3
135.3
158.3
184.3
209.3
230.3
278.8
328.3
°C
23
23
23
23.5
25
24
26
24
24
23
22
23.5
24
24
24.5
25
24.5
24
23
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
6.1
4.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
2440
4300
4970
910
310
230
220
190
200
110
110
100
82
110
80
150
115
105
5
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
2440
6740
11710
12620
12930
13160
13380
13570
13770
13880
13990
14090
14172
14282
14362
14512
14627
14732
14737
Volume
Applied
0
12.92
35.70
62.02
66.85
68.49
69.71
70.87
71.88
72.94
73.52
74.10
74.63
75.07
75.65
76.07
76.87
77.48
78.03
78.06
58
-------
TABLE 33
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED -- TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
97.1% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-11
4-13
4-14
4-15
4-16
4-17
Time
9:00 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
1:00 a.m.
3:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
9:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1
2
4
6
12
24
38
48.5
60.5
72.5
96.5
120.5
144.5
186
229
260
277
301
325
Temp.
L>
24
24
24
25
25
25
24
26
25
25
24
25
25
25
26
24
22
24
24
25
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.50
6.25
6.20
6.06
6.06
6.06
5.62
2.87
2.62
2.38
2.20
1.93
1.87
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.81
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
750
780
740
600
330
520
1850
3030
1020
390
220
300
150
115
120
75
65
60
35
15
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
750
1530
2270
2870
3200
3720
5570
8600
9620
10010
10230
10530
10680
10795
10915
10990
11055
11115
11150
11165
Volume
Applied
%
0
3.97
8.10
12.0
15.20
16.95
19.70
29.50
45.55
50.95
53.02
54.19
55.77
56.57
57.18
57.81
58.21
58.56
58.87
59.06
59.14
59
-------
TABLE 34
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
94.9% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-20
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24
4-25
4-26
4-28
4-30
5-1
5-3
Time
6:30 p.m.
7:30 p.m.
8:30 p.m.
10:30 p.m.
12:30 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
4
6
36.5
51.5
75.5
99.5
126.5
150.5
204.5
253.5
271
319
Temp.
°C
27
27
27
27
25
26
24
18
26
27
27
30
26
26
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
4.56
4.50
4.38
4.31
4.00
3.87
3.87
3.87
3.87
2.50
1.50
1.00
0.87
0.75
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
4280
600
450
310
1020
470
480
420
375
1420
2850
450
55
30
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
4280
4880
5330
5640
6660
7130
7610
8030
8405
9825
12675
13125
13180
13210
Volume
Applied
%
0
22.67
25.85
28.23
29.87
35.27
37.76
40.31
42.53
44.52
52.04
67.14
69.52
69.81
69.97
60
-------
TABLE 35
PRIMARY SLUDGE
18-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED -- TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
97.3% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-20
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24
4-25
4-26
4-28
4-30
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
Time
9:00 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
1:00 a.m.
3:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
9:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
5.: 00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1
2
4
6
12
24
38
48.5
60.5
72.5
96.5
120.5
144.5
186
229
260
280
304
328
Temp.
u
24
24
24
25
25
25
24
26
25
25
24
25
25
25
26
24
22
24
25
25
24
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.56
6.31
6.13
6.00
5.93
5.81
5.69
5.56
5.62
5.50
5.62
5.56
5.56
5.56
5.50
4.50
4.13
4.06
4.00
3.87
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1850
1200
880
750
380
570
620
400
195
165
130
250
, 190
170
290
270
220
85
95
85
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1850
3050
3930
4680
5060
5630
6250
6650
6845
7010
7140
7390
7580
7750
8040
8310
8530
8615
8714
8795
Volume
Applied
%
0
9.79
16.15
20.81
24.79
26.80
29.82
33.10
35.22
36.25
37.13
37.82
39.14
40.15
41.05
42.58
44.01
45.18
45.63
46.10
46.58
61
-------
TABLE 36
PRIMARY SLUDGE
18-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
96.4% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-13
5-14
Time
3:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
4. 30 p.m.
5:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
12:30 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
1.5
2.5
6.5
9.5
22
46
70
94
118
142
166
191
216
245
288
317
Temp.
(_>
25
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
24
26
26
26
26
24
24
25
24
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.81
6.81
6.62
6.50
6.50
6.44
7.38
6.25
5.13
2.87
2.56
2.25
2.00
2.00
1.75
1.75
1.75
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1340
1340
890
800
400
460
1030
550
1320
2250
960
340
200
130
100
75
55
Cumm.
Volume
m.
0
1340
2680
3570
4370
4770
5230
6260
6810
8130
10380
11340
11680
11880
12010
12110
12185
12240
Volume
Applied
%
0
7.09
14.19
18.91
23.14
25.26
27.70
33.16
36.07
43.06
54.98
60.06
61.87
62.93
63.61
64.14
64.54
64.84
62
-------
TABLE 37
PRIMARY SLUDGE
24-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
96.9% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-20
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24
4-25
4-26
4-28
4-30
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
Time
9:00 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
1:00 a.m.
3:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
9:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 a.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
5:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1
2
4
6
12
24
38
48.5
60.5
72.5
96.5
120.5
144.5
186
229
260
280
304
328
Temp.
°C
24
24
24
25
25
25
24
26
25
25
24
25
25
25
26
24
22
24
25
25
24
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.20
7.06
7.00
6.87
6.87
6.81
6.81
6.75
6.50
6.13
5.87
5.62
5.44
5.13
4.75
4.50
4.38
4.25
4.13
4.06
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
80
420
500
530
360
580
510
380
260
360
290
490
350
260
340
410
380
140
120
110
Cunnn.
Volume
ml.
0
80
500
1000
1530
1890
2470
2980
3360
3620
3980
4270
4760
5110
5370
5710
6120
6500
6640
6760
6870
Volume
Applied
%
0
0.42
2.64
5.29
8.10
10.01
13.08
15.78
17.79
19.17
21.08
22.61
25.21
27.06
28.44
30.24
32.41
34.43
35.17
35.80
36.39
63
-------
TABLE 38
PRIMARY SLUDGE
24-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
96.2% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-13
5-14
Time
3:30 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
5:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
12:30 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
2
6
9
22
46
70
94
118
142
166
190.5
215.5
244.5
263.5
292.5
Temp.
°C
25
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
24
24
25
24
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
7.25
7.20
7.00
7.00
6.75
6.50
6.00
5.50
4.87
4.38
3.87
3.25
3.00
2.87
2.75
2.75
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
490
560
600
240
700
760
820
1110
1060
860
1100
1240
860
520
440
220
Cuimn.
Volume
ml.
0
490
1050
1650
1890
2590
3350
4170
5280
6340
7200
8300
9540
10400
10920
11360
11580
Volume
Applied
%
0
2.59
5.56
8.74
10.01
13.71
17.74
22.08
27.96
33.58
38.13
43.96
50.53
55.09
57.84
60.17
61.34
64
-------
TABLE 39
PRIMARY SLUDGE
30-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
96.9% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
4-25
4-26
4-27
4-28
4-29
4-30
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
Time
12:30 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
9:30 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
6:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
5:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.5
3.5
9
33
45
74.5
89.5
117.5
149
169
193
217
241
265
289
313
337.5
Temp.
V_»
25
25
25
26
25
26
24
24
23
22
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
24
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.25
6.13
6.00
5.87
5.25
4.31
3.00
2.50
2.38
2.25
2.20
2.13
2.06
2.00
1.50
1.25
1.25
1.25
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1800
850
410
460
1320
2025
3200
1550
620
470
215
155
130
125
100
80
55
52
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1800
2650
3060
3520
4840
6865
10065
11615
12235
12705
12920
13075
13205
13330
13430
13510
13565
13617
Volume
Applied
%
0
9.53
14.03
16.20
18.64
25.63
36.36
53.31
61.52
64.81
67.30
68.40
69.26
69.94
70.61
71.14
71.56
71.85
72.13
65
-------
TABLE 40
PRIMARY SLUDGE
30-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BED TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
97.1% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-13
5-14
Time
11:30 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
12:30 a.m.
2:00 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
Elapsed
Hours
0
,5
1
2.5
14
38
62
86
110
134
158
182.5
207.5
236.5
255.5
284.5
Temp.
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
23
24
25
24
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.00
6.5
6.25
6.25
5.87
5.25
5.20
5.13
4.87
4.69
4.50
4.50
4.5
4.3
4.0
3.75
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1450
180
380
1300
160
100
140
140
210
200
100
50
80
45
130
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1450
1630
2010
3310
3470
3570
3710
3850
4060
4260
4360
4410
4490
4535
4665
Volume
Applied
%
0
7.68
8.63
10.64
17.53
18.38
18.91
19.65
20.39
21.50
22.56
23.09
23.36
23.78
24.02
24.71
66
-------
TABLE 41
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
FEED FOR AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTERS
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 15,928 ML.
Date
1971
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-26
Time
10:00
10:30
11:00
12:00
3:30
7:00
7:30
9:30
8:30
8:30
8:30
8:30
8:30
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
noon
p.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0.
1
2
5.
21.
45.
71.
94.
142.
166.
190.
262.
5
5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Temp.
c
26
26
27
26
26
27
27
26
27
27
26
27
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
6
6
5
5
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
3/4
1/2
5/8
1/4
3/8
1/4
7/8
11/16
3/8
7/8
9/16
1/2
7/16
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
2000
2200
1200
2250
2300
2300
700
15
0
0
0
0
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
2000
4200
5600
7850
10150
12450
13150
13165
13165
Dry
Dry
Dry
Volume
Applied
%
0
12.
26.
35.
49.
63.
78.
82.
82.
82.
5
4
2
3
7
2
6
7
7
-
-
-
67
-------
TABLE 42
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878
96.9% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
5-30
5-31
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-5
6-6
6-9
6-11
Time
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
7:30 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
12:30 p.m.
2:30 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:30 a.m.
8:30 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
12 : 00 noon
6:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
12:00 noon
11:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
1
2
3
5.5
8
20
32
44
46.5
48.5
51
56
68-5
78.5
93
106
130
160
203
226
297
346
Temp.
°C
26
26
26
25
25
25
23
25
23
24
25
25
25
25
26
25
25
26
26
25
25
26
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
6.5
6.25
6.25
6.13
6.0
6.0
5.8
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.75
2.50
2.50
2.25
2.0
1.75
1.5
1.25
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.5
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
1270
800
350
820
500
1400
1100
2900
1170
1420
1000
660
780
300
300
340
220
180
160
50
100
60
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
1270
2070
2420
3240
3740
5140
6240
9140
10310
11730
12730
13390
14170
14470
14770
15110
15330
15510
15670
15720
15820
15880
Volume
Applied
%
0
6.7
11.0
12.8
17.2
19.8
27.2
33.1
48.4
54.6
62.1
67.4
70.9
75.1
76.7
78.2
80.0
81.2
82.2
CO.O
83.3
83.8
84.1
68
-------
TABLE 43
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 17,698 ML.
24-DAY MIXED REACTOR 4-HRS. SETTLING
Date
1971
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-26
7-27
7-28
Time
12:00 noon
2:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
7:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
2
4
19.5
45.5
68.5
116.5
140.5
164.5
237.5
260.5
285.5
Temp.
c
26
26
27
26
27
26
26
26
27
26
27
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
7.5
7.31
7.25
6.86
6.25
5.75
5.50
5.19
5.0
4.31
4.19
4.0
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
100
320
1100
1220
960
900
300
190
590
220
200
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
100
420
1520
2740
3700
4600
4900
5090
5680
5900
6100
Volume
Applied
%
0
0.6
2.4
8.6
15.5
20.9
26.0
27.7
28.8
32.1
33.3
34.5
69
-------
TABLE 44
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878
96.4% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-17
6-18
6-22
6-24
Time
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
9:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
3
6
19
43
70
91
116
140
164
193
215
266
289
384
429
Temp.
\^
26
26
26
25
25
25
26
25
25
24
25
25
26
26
27
26
27
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.0
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.0
4.5
4.3
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
0
160
350
720
600
420
280
300
240
210
220
140
310
155
490
180
Cumm.
Volume
ml
0
0
160
510
1230
1830
2250
2530
2830
3070
3280
3500
3640
3950
4105
4595
4775
Volume
Applied
%
0
0
.8
2.7
6.5
9.7
11.9
13.4
15.0
16.3
17.4
18.5
19.3
20.9
21.7
24.3
25.3
70
-------
TABLE 45
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
24-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 17403 ML.
Date
1971
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-26
7-27
7-28
Time
10:30 p.m.
12:00 noon
3:30 p.m.
7:00 a.m.
7:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1.5
5.0
20.5
45.0
71
94
142
166
190
263
286
311
Temp.
Li
25
26
26
27
26
25
26
25
25
26
25
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
7.375
7.250
7,125
6.750
6.375
6.063
5.875
5.250
5.000
4.875
4.188
4.063
3.938
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
200
480
780
670
520
390
600
360
210
600
230
210
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
200
680
1260
1930
2450
2840
3440
3800
4010
4610
4840
5050
Volume
Applied
%
0
1.1
3.9
7.2
11.1
14.1
16.3
19.8
21.8
23.0
26.5
27.8
29.0
71
-------
TABLE 46
SECONDARY SLUDGE
4-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
97.5% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-6
6-7
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-17
Time
5:00 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
10:00 a.m.
1:00 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
12:00 noon
11:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
2:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
12:00 noon
7:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
3
7
17
32
44
67
78
92
138
163
187
213
237
259
290
309
333
Temp.
°C
26
26
26
25
26
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
27
26
26
26
26
26
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
8.0
7.75
7.50
7.25
7.0
6.87
6.25
5.75
5.5
4.5
3.75
3.3
3.2
2.75
2.6
2.3
2.15
2.10
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
440
460
1170
800
690
320
900
740
850
1800
1580
1250
840
520
320
350
180
20
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
440
900
2070
2870
3560
3880
4780
5520
6370
8170
9750
11000
11840
12360
12680
13030
13210
13230
Volume
Applied
%
0
2.3
4.8
11.0
15.2
18.9
20.6
5.3
29.2
33.7
43.3
51.6
58.3
62.7
65.5
67.2
69.0
70.0
70.1
72
-------
TABLE 47
SECONDARY SLUDGE
. 8-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
Date
1971
6-16
6-17
6-18
6-19
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-24
6-25
6-27
6-29
7-1
DRAINABILITY
Time
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
2:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
Time
Elapse
Hours
0
1
3
6
19
44
68
92
121
143
194
217
261
312
357
S-P.
26
26
26
25
25
25
24
25
25
26
27
27
26
27
27
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.3
6.0
5.5
4.75
4.0
3.75
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.0
2.0
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
0
380
740
1260
920
770
1440
1420
660
1240
460
620
720
520
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
0
380
1120
2380
3300
4070
5510
6930
7590
8830
9290
9910
10630
11150
Volume
Applied
%
0
0
2.0
5.9
12.6
17.5
21.6
29.2
36.7
40.2
46.8
49.2
52.5
56.3
59.1
73
-------
TABLE 48
SECONDARY SLUDGE
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
Date
1971
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-9
7-13
Time
3:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
8:00 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
8:00 a.m.
8:00 a,m.
9:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
16
45
68
92
112
136
185
281
Temp.
\^
27
27
26
26
25
25
25
26
24
29
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.6
6.75
6.25
6.0
5.75
5.50
5.1
4.8
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
280
2910
1360
580
425
360
580
560
1080
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
280
3190
4550
5130
5555
5915
6495
7055
8135
Volume
Applied
%
0
1.5
16.9
24.1
27.2
29.4
31.3
34.4
37.4
43.0
74
-------
TABLE 49
SECONDARY SLUDGE NOT SETTLED
12-DAY AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
Date
1971
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-6
7-7
7-9
Time
2:30 p.m.
3:30 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
8:00 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
12:00 noon
10:00 a.m.
8:00 a.m.
11:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 a.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1.0
2.0
17.5
46.5
69.5
91.5
113.5
128.5
149.5
186.5
Temp.
°C
27
27
27
27
26
25
25
25
26
27
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.5
7.25
6.6
6.25
5.80
4.6
3.7
3.25
2.9
2.5
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
340
320
1740
1000
520
1880
2280
910
820
840
Cumra.
Volume
ml.
0
340
660
2400
3400
3920
5800
8080
8990
9810
10650
Volume
Applied
%
1.8
3.5
12.7
18.0
20.8
30.7
42.8
47.6
52.0
56.4
75
-------
TABLE 50
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
FROM ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTER
DRAINABILITY DN SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 14159 ML.
98.2% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-19
1-21
Time
6:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
6:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
6:00 p.m.
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 mdnt
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
12:00 noon
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
1
4
5
6
12
18
24
30
42
54
66
78
90
114
138
162
186
210
234
282
330
Temp.
u
22
22
22
22
22
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
25
24
24
23
24
25
25
23
25
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
6.0
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.3
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
0
0
0
110
260
190
240
120
330
270
210
220
190
440
270
380
170
250
190
250
255
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
0
0
0
110
370
560
800
920
1250
1520
1730
1950
2140
2580
2850
3230
3400
3650
3840
4090
4345
Volume
Applied
%
0
0
0
0
0.78
2.61
3.96
5.65
6.50
8.83
10.74
12.22
13.77
15.11
18.22
20.13
22.81
24.01
25.78
27.12
28.89
30.69
76
-------
DEFINABILITY ON SAND
98
TABLE 51
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 9439
.2% INITIAL MOISTURE
ML.
Date
1971
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-7
2-10
2-14
Time
2:45 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00' p.m.
Time
Elapsed
Hours
0
.5
1.25
2.25
7.25
19.25
31.25
43.25
55.25
67.25
79.25
91.25
103.25
115.25
127.25
139.25
151.25
175.25
199.25
223.25
271.25
343.25
439.25
Temp.
(_*
19
19
17
17
17
24
25
24
26
25
24
21
23
22
23
23
23
24
21
22
23
24
23
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
4
4
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.1
1.5
1.1
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
0
0
100
180
280
240
185
150
140
130
120
150
70
130
105
95
130
120
100
130
155
110
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
0
0
100
280
560
800
985
1135
1275
1405
1525
1675
1745
1875
1980
2075
2205
2325
2425
2555
2710
2820
Volume
Applied
%
0
0
0
1.06
2.01
6.04
8.58
10.54
12.13
13.61
15.00
16.26
17.85
18.59
19.97
21.08
22.08
23.46
24.73
25.79
27.17
28.81
29.98
77
-------
TABLE 52
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
FROM ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTER
DRAINABILITY ON SAND BEDS TOTAL VOLUME APPLIED = 18878 ML.
93.2% INITIAL MOISTURE
Date
1971
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-8
3-10
Time
7:40 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
12:00 noon
1:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:30 a.m.
12:00 noon
Time
Elapse
Hours
0
2.3
14.3
26.3
38.3
50.3
62.3
74.3
86.3
98.3
110.3
122.3
135.3
158.3
184.3
209.3
230.3
278.8
328.3
Temp.
23
23
23.5
25
24
26
24
24
23
22
23.5
24
24
24.5
25
24.5
24
23
26
Depth
of
Sludge
Inches
8.0
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
6.9
6.4
6.3
6.2
5.5
4.9
4.7
Vol.
of
Filt.
ml.
0
0
450
200
220
320
530
390
460
270
320
285
290
410
375
700
600
640
400
Cumm.
Volume
ml.
0
0
450
650
870
1190
1720
2110
2570
2840
3160
3446
3735
4145
4520
5220
5820
6460
6860
Volume
Applied
0
0
2.38
3.44
4.60
6.30
9.11
11.17
13.61
15.04
16.73
18.24
19.78
21.95
23.94
27.65
30.82
34.21
36.33
78
-------
TABLE 53
PRIMARY SLUDGE BATCH DIGESTER
Date: March 22 to April 27, 1971, Incl.
DAYS DETENTION
TESTS 0 2 4 8 12 18 24 30 36
Mixed Liquor
Total Solids 17,875 16,125 15,250 13,625 15,375 14,000 13,625 13,000 12,250
Total Volatile Solids 10,875 12,125 11,500 9,875 11,300 10,000 9,500 8,250 8,000
Total Fixed Solids 7,000 4,000 3,750 3,750 4,075 4,000 4,125 4,750 4,250
4 Hrs. Settled
Total Solids 29,375 18,250 19,125 21,250 25,125 23,750 13,375 13,250 18,000
Total Volatile Solids 22,250 14,500 14,000 15,000 17,125 16,250 9,500 8,750 11,500
Total Fixed Solids 7,125 4,500 5,125 6,250 8,000 7,500 3,875 4,500 6,500
Percent Water
Mixed Liquor
4 Hrs. Settled
Temperature C
Dissolved Oxygen
98
97
24
.2
.1
.5
98
98
24
0.
.4
.2
.5
50
98.5
98.1
25.0
0.66
98.6
97.9
24.0
1.02
98.5
97.5
23.5
1.02
98.6
97.6
24.5
1.44
98.6
98.7
26.8
1.68
98.7
98.7
25.0
1.64
98.8
98.2
COD MixedLiquor 24,800 25,000 22,133 20,600 19,400 19,055 18,420 8,333 14,060
COD Filtrate 1,046 1,893 3,253 4,480 2,940 2,911 2,410 367 740
COD Sand Bed Filtrate 4,573 1,480 1,303
-------
TABLE 54
PRIMARY SLUDGE BATCH DIGESTER
Date: March 22 to April 27, 1971, Incl.
DAYS DETENTION
TESTS 0 2 4 8 12 18 24 30 3b
Nitrates Mixed Liquor
Nitrates Filtrate
Nitrates Sand Bed Filtrate
Ammonia on Mixed Liquor
Ammonia on Filtrate
CD Ammonia on Sand Bed Filtrate
o
Phosphate Mixed Liquor
Phosphate Filtrate
Phosphate Sand Bed Filtrate
pH on Mixed Liquor
Filterability CST Units
Mixed Liquor
4 Hrs. Settled
Settleability Percent
69
9
168
63
300
55
6.87
350
374
63
59
2
112
73
275
45
6.74
488
395
80
62
2
7
90
70
59
275
80
120
6.27
556
487
76
48
4
60
78
300
105
6.25
474
447
53
46
2
2
84
76
20
300
75
6
6.87
468
450
43
80
2
98
77
325
75
6.75
513
460
49
64
3
140
75
325
80
7.57
372
367
99
62
2
91
83
27
325
30
12
8.00
269
304
99
102
76
275
7.50
413
390
54
-------
Date
1970-71
8-13
9-17/18
9-23
10-5/6
10-12/13
10-16
11-9
11-24
12-8/9
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-24
AVG
TABLE
PRIMARY
55
SLUDGE
FEED
Temperature
C
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
29.9
Settleability
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
99
85
98
91
55
99
93
88
99
75
98
94
89.5
Filterability
C.S.T.
Seconds
365.6
393.3
228.2
179.2
124.9
205.7
151.5
149.2
196.0
161.2
124.8
215.0
207.8
81
-------
TABLE 56
PRIMARY SLUDGE
2-DAY DETENTION
Settleability
Filterability C.S.T.
Date Temperature
1970-71 °C
9-17
J JL /
10-5 17
10-12 16
10-16 25
11-9
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG 22.5
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
67
w /
74
78
72
53
31
73
31
26
20
52.5
Se
Mixed Liquor
A SI Q
1 -J.L y
334.7
270.5
369.4
409.8
111 .1
725.4
534.8
436.5
471.6
478.2
conds
4 Hour
648
606
693
524
270
376
519
Se
.3
.2
.1
.5
.5
.0
.7
82
-------
TABLE 57
PRIMARY SLUDGE
4-DAY DETENTION
Settleability Filterability C.S.T.
Date
1970-71
8-21
U L.J
8-11
*j -j j-
q_1 7
J7 X /
1 0-S
XU J
i n~i 9
xu x^
in i fi
XU XO
11-9
11-24
12--9
1-7
1-21
1-27
21 -I
11
21 T
-11
2-16
2-16
2-24
2-24
AVG
Temperature
c*
74
wt-H"
24
^^
70
L. \J
1 8
xo
o/,
Z4
o /
2.",
24
22
22.5
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
f.q
\jy
f.q
U -/
an
ou
fin
DU
71
58
41
46
28
25
86
92
36
98
68.5
Se
Mixed Liquor
18ft 8
J
-------
TABLE 58
PRIMARY SLUDGE
8-DAY DETENTION
Settleability
Filterability C.S.T.
Date
1970-71
80 }
Z J
8-31
9-1 -J
I/
in tr
ID- _)
-i r\ TO
i(JJ_Z
in i £
1U ID
11-9
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
Oil
911
2-16
2-24
AVG
Temperature
o a
/o
26
o o
Z J
o o
2.2.
O£
O c:
24.7
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
7 -l
/I
r Q
JO
£1
D±
63
83
83
90
50
35
48
31
61.2
Mixed Liquor
363.0
/i T7 Q
H J / . 17
Qon n
jyu. u
A vn 7
442.0
540.0
527.0
603.7
476.8
500.3
623.0
902.0
523.0
Seconds
4 Hour Set
355.1
475.4
452.5
621.0
389.4
370.1
529.0
561.0
469.2
84
-------
TABLE 59
PRIMARY SLUDGE
12-DAY DETENTION
Settleability
Filterability C.S.T.
Date
1970-71
10-5
10-12
10-16
-L. W J_ \J
11-9
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
21 1
J.J.
2-16
2-24
31 7
LI
4-3
4-20
4-25
AVG
Temperature at 4 Hours
°C % by Volume
23 73
22 90
48
51
49
66
99
95
24 65
56
23 67
25 64
66
23.9 68.4
Se
Mixed Liquor
100.2
100.0
455.7
456.4
401.2
609.9
186.0
151.4
440.0
590.0
653.0
683.0
714.0
410.1
conds
4 Hour Se
497.4
401.9
422.8
480.7
191.0
162.1
433.0
551.0
660.0
551.0
716.0
460.6
85
-------
TABLE 60
PRIMARY SLUDGE
18-DAY DETENTION
Settleability
Filterability C.S.T.
Date Temperature
1971 °C
3-16
3-17 24
4-3 24
4-20 26
4-25
5-1
AVG 24.7
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
4-25
5-1
AVG
at 4 Hours Seconds
% by Volume Mixed Liquor 4 Hour Se
88
88
62
79.3
24-DAY DETENTION
51
56
43
50
30-DAY DETENTION
62
60
61
600
574
555
576.3
633
596
681
636.7
530
595
562.5
608
582
524
571.3
586
537
653
592.0
482
563
522.5
86
-------
TABLE 61
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
FEED
Settleability
Filterability C.S.T.
Date Temperature
1971 °C
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
7-12
7-13
7_14
/ -LT"
AVG
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-15
6-16
6-25
6-28
AVG
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
99
100
97
98
96
96
QO
y \j
96.6
SECONDARY
61
63
72
74
69
73
87
71.3
Se
Mixed Liquor
181.8
200.0
139.2
200.4
122.0
110.0
fifi n
U U . \J
145.6
SLUDGE FEED
51.5
54.5
84.3
101.8
113.4
91.8
148.7
92.4
conds
4 Hour Se
120.0
200.0
130.5
198.7
126.0
43.7
136.5
90.1
88.5
126.2
140.9
129.0
137.5
172.4
126.4
87
-------
TABLE 62
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
4-DAY DETENTION
Settleability Filterability C.S.T.
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
AVG
6-4
6-5
6-6
AVG
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
Temperature
24
24
24
24
25
24
26
25
24
24
25
24.3
at 4 Hours Seconds
% by Volume Mixed Liquor 4 Hours S
93
95
94
94
12-DAY DETENTION
81
82
89
84
24-DAY DETENTION
95
82
80
85.7
614.7
488.2
473.1
525.3
448.7
486.1
499.1
478.0
528.0
522.0
557.0
535.7
533.4
475.3
515.2
508.0
405.5
430.5
476.9
437.6
544.0
506.0
508.0
519.3
88
-------
TABLE 63
SECONDARY SLUDGE
4-DAY DETENTION
Settleability Filterability C.S.T.
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6-3
AVG
Temperature
L*
26
24
24
24.7
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
24
28
44
32.0
Seconds
Mixed Liquor 4 Hour Se
16.1
31.5
42.0
29.9
125.9
135.2
165.0
142.0
24
28
44
32.0
8-DAY DETENTION
93
93
94
93.3
12-DAY DETENTION
85
1
90
93
89.3
16.1
31.5
42.0
29.9
213.8
245.9
240.4
233.4
132.2
232.3
296.2
220.2
6-13 26 93 213.8 241.2
6-15 26 93 245.9 233.3
6-16 25 94 240.4 238.1
AVG 25.7 93.3 233.4 237.5
6-25 24 85 132.2 149.1
6-28 24 90 232.3 200.2
7-1 24 93 296.2 258.9
AVG 24 89.3 220.2 202.7
89 &WB£HC UBRARY U.S. EPA
-------
TABLE 64
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
Settleability
Filterability
Date
6-10
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-24
AVG
6-25
6-28
AVG
Temperature
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
FROM
at 4 Hours
% by Volume
100
100
100
100
100
100
100.0
ANAEROBIC DIGESTORS
100
100
100
C.S.T.
Seconds
506.7
554.5
641.4
825.8
625.4
528.0
726.8
629.8
714.3
711.4
712.8
AERATION OF ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
6-25
6-28
7-4
AVG
24
25
26
25
100
98
100
99.3
1094.5
993.6
1002.3
1030.1
90
-------
BATCH PRIMARY
IOO--
MIXED PRIMARY
SECONDARY
< DHI Ul
^ -
SECONDARY
80 - -
S
o
_i
o
in 60
z
UJ
o
tr
UJ
Q.
40 - -
PR'I MARY
20- -
-4 h
2 4
8 \2 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
30 36
MIXED LIQUOR
SETTLEABILITY AT 4-HOURS
FIGURE 17
91
-------
1200
1100
CO
Q
Z
o
o
LU
CO
800
CO
o
I
LU
j| 600
z
o
i-
o
z>
CO
PRIMARY
cc
O
I
m
<
cc
400
200
100
MIXED PRIMARY
SECONDARY
^^BArCH PRIMARY
8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
MIXED LIQUOR
FILTERABILITY OF SLUDGES
FIGURE 18
92
-------
80
70
60
50
a:
40
30
20
MIXED PRIMARY
a SECONDARY
Anaerobic
BATCH PRIMARY
Mixed Primary-Secondary
(Settled 4Hovts)
\IIIIIT^
024 8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
30
MEAN DRAINABILITY OF SLUDGES ON SAND BEDS
(RATIO OF VOLUME DRAINED - AFTER I80HOURS-TO VOLUME APPLIED)
FIGURE 19
93
-------
Q
UJ
t/5
(T
O
Q
Z
O
o
UJ
to
o
I
CD
<
o:
<
UJ
5
CL
I
o
oo
Q
LJ
900
800
700
600
500
- 400
300
200
100
12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
30
PRIMARY SLUDGE
DRAINABILITY FILTERABI LITY
FIGURE 20
-------
X
Q
LJ
UJ
05
900
800
o: 700 - -
O
I
o
o
UJ
05
05
O
I
600
500
400
- 300
_i
DO
(E
iu 200
<
UJ
100
2 4 8 12 18 24 30
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
MIXED PRIMARY 8 SECONDARY SLUDGES
DRAINABILITY-FILTERABILITY
FIGURE 21
95
-------
CO
o:
X
i
fef
o
Ld
900 -
LU 800 -
\
LU
in
700 -
tr
i
* 600 -
O
H
O
uj 500 -
CO
z
t-
co 400 -
o
1
5 300 -
5
0 ^
-
\ , USE RIGHT SCALE
V ^^~°
,' ~^^-^
/ "^»-
1 c^~^
^^- USE LEFT SCALE
\
fc
-90 <
LU
5
-80^
Q
-70 £
-------
35
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
30
o
o
UJ
o:
t-
tr
UJ
Q.
MIXED PRIMARY a SECONDARY
25
20
15
10
8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
MIXED LIQUOR
TEMPERATURE-°C.
30
FIGURE 23
97
-------
I
FIGURE 24
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND - FEED SLUDGE - 7 HOURS
FIGURE 25
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND - FEED SLUDGE - 30 HOURS
98
-------
FIGURE 26
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND - FEED SLUDGE - 40 HOURS
t/
*' '**:>.>>
FIGURE 27
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND - FEED SLUDGE - 180 HOURS
99
-------
FIGURE 28
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 2 DAY DETENTION - 7 HOURS
FIGURE 29
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 2 DAY DETENTION - 50 HOURS
100
-------
FIGURE 30
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 2 DAY DETENTION - 120 HOURS
FIGURE 31
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 2 DAY DETENTION - 220 HOURS
101
-------
inclusive are photographs of the primary sludge with a two day detention
time, on sand drying beds. Figures 32 to 35, inclusive, are photographs
of primary sludge with a four day detention time on sand drying beds.
Figures 36 to 39, inclusive, are photographs of primary sludge with an
eight day detention time on sand drying beds. Figures 40 to 43, inclu-
sive, are photographs of primary sludge with a 12 day detention time on
sand drying beds. Figures 44 to 47, inclusive, are photographs of
anaerobic sludge on sand drying beds. Figure 48 shows two photographs
of secondary sludge feed on sand drying beds at end of run. Figure 49
shows two photographs of mixed liquor secondary sludge on sand drying
beds at end of run. Figure 50 shows two photographs of four hours
settled secondary sludge on sand drying beds at end of run.
102
-------
FIGURE 32
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 4 DAY DETENTION - 30 HOURS
FIGURE 33
PRItdARY SLUDGE ON SAND 4 DAY DETENTION - 70 HOURS
103
-------
FIGURE 34
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 4 DAY DETENTION - 145 HOURS
FIGURE 35
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 4 DAY DETENTION - 220 HOURS
104
-------
FIGURE 36
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 8 DAY DETENTION'- 7 HOURS
FIGURE 37
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 8 DAY DETENTION - 70 HOURS
105
-------
FIGURE 38
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 8 DAY DETENTION - 175 HOURS
FIGURE 39
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 8 DAY DETENTION - 250 HOURS
106
-------
FIGURE 40
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 12 DAY DETENTION - 7 HOURS
FIGURE 41
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 12 DAY DETENTION - 70 HOURS
107
-------
FIGURE 42
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 12 DAY DETENTION - 120 HOURS
FIGURE 43
PRIMARY SLUDGE ON SAND 12 DAY DETENTION - 220 HOURS
108
-------
FIGURE 44
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE ON SAND - 25 HOURS
FIGURE 45
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE ON SAND - 70 HOURS
109
-------
v:vv ^^/%^
y - -. I *"** * "tL
H * » " I* * «^ V iff^"
%,« *> . OF » . * f,« »* f.
,l^:"-.~ ">>&"
FIGURE 46
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE ON SAND - 175 HOURS
FIGURE 47
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE ON SAND - 250 HOURS
110
-------
FIGURE 48
SECONDARY SLUDGE ON SAND BED
4-DAY DETENTION
-------
FIGURE 49
SECONDARY SLUDGE ON SAND BED
8-DAY DETENTION
-------
FIGURE 50
SECONDARY SLUDGE ON SAND BED
12-DAY DETENTION
-------
SECTION VII
CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
The chemicals in the sludge and in filtrates of the sludge are needed
to determine what method, and location may be used for final disposal.
Figure 51 shows how the mean pH values vary with detention times from
zero (feed) to 30 days, and for the three sludges, primary, mixed
primary and secondary, and secondary. Values of pH for individual
samples are listed in Tables 94, 95, and 96. Most of the chemical
parameters for the batch reactor are tabulated in Tables 53 and 54.
Dissolved oxygen values were determined for the batch unit and for all
three of the flow through units. The values of dissolved oxygen for
the batch unit are shown in Table 53. For the flow through units the
means of each of the three sludges used are plotted in Figure 52. Indi-
vidual sample test results are listed in Tables 65, 66, and 67.
Nitrogens for which test values are available are ammonia nitrogen,
nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia plus nitrate nitrogen. Ammonia nitrogen
mean values are plotted in Figure 53 for mixed liquor from primary,
mixed primary and secondary, and secondary sludges. For filtrates of
the above sludges Figure 54 shows the ammonia nitrogen values. The
individual test values for ammonia nitrogen are listed in Tables 68, 69,
70, and 71. Ammonia nitrogen values for the anaerobic digester sludge
are shown in Tables 68 and 70. Nitrate nitrogen mean values are shown
in Figures 55 and 56 for the mixed liquor of each of the three sources
of sludge and of the filtrate from these same sources. The individual
values for nitrate nitrogen are listed in Tables 72 through 78. The sum
of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen values were computed, tabulated, and
plotted from the two previous sets of tests. The individual values are
shown in Tables 79, 80, and 81. The mean values were then plotted in
Figures 57 and 58.
Phosphates in the mixed liquor were determined for the primary, mixed
primary and secondary, and the secondary sludges and are plotted in
Figure 59. The same was done for the filtrates through paper and are
shown on Figure 60. In addition, the data for primary filtrate through
the sand bed are shown in Figure 60. The detailed data for phosphates
are listed on Tables 82 through 86.
Chemical oxygen demands in the mixed liquor were determined for primary,
the mixed primary and secondary, and the secondary sludges and are
plotted in Figure 61. Also filtrate through paper and through sand beds
of these three sludges are plotted in Figure 62 and 63. The detailed
data for COD are listed on Tables 87 through 92.
Biochemical oxygen demands in the mixed liquor were determined for the
primary sludge only. The mean values for each detention time are shown
in Figure 64, and detailed data are listed on Table 93.
115
-------
75 --
PRIMARY
MIXED PRIMARY
a SECONDARY
12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
MIXED LIQUOR
pH
FIGURE 51
30
116
-------
0.8
_ 0.6 --
o>
E
UJ
e>
o 0.4
o
UJ
o
CO
CO
0.2
PRIMARY
SECONDARY SLUDGES
PRIMARY SLUDGE
SECONDARY SLUDGE
'^'
0.0
I
0
I
8
\
12
4 8 12 18
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
I
24
\
30
-MIXED LIQUOR-
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
(AVERAGE VALUES)
FIGURE 52
117
-------
600-
500-
^400-
o300--
o:
LJ
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE 779 mg/I
PRIMARY SLUDGE
200-
\
o
5
100
\ <_ SECONDARY SLUDGE
V*"5
\
MIXED PRIMARY B SECONDARY SLUDGE
o
4 8 12
DETENTION TIME ( DAYS )
24
MIXED LIQUOR AMMONIA NITROGEN
FIGURE 53
118
-------
200- -
o>
E
UJ
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE = 779mg./I.
PRIMARY PAPER
100-
UJ
(D
O
o:
t 50-
MIXED PRIMARY a SECONDARY
PAPER
SECONDARY PAPER
SECONDARY SAND BEDS
< 0>
u
0
4 8 12
DETENTION TIME ( DAYS )
24
FILTRATE
AMMONIA NITROGEN
FIGURE 54
119
-------
60-
50-
MIXED PRIMARY 8
SECONDARY SLUDGES
40-
PR/MARY SLUDGE
10--
o
-------
3-
2-
V)
UJ
H
< 0
o:
- 2-
PRIMARY
(SAND BED)
SECONDARY
(SAND BED)
MIXED PRIMARY B SECONDARY
(SAND BED)
12
18
PRIMARY
(PAPER)
24
SECONDARY
(PA PER)
30
MIXED PRIMARY B SECONDARY
(PAPER)
8 12 18
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
24
30
FILTRATES
NITRATES
PAPER AND SAND BED
FIGURE 56
121
-------
700
600
500
Id
O
O
or
400
300
200
100
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLUDGE
TOTAL NITROGEN = 797 mg./I.
PRIMARY
MIXED PRIMARY a SECONDARY
SECONDARY
A 8 IP
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
24
MIXED LIQUOR
SUM OF AMMONIA a NITRATE NITROGEN
FIGURE 57
122
-------
200 - -
150 - -
PRIMARY SLUDGE
PAPER FILTRATE
E 75 --
z
LJ
o
o
tr
i-
50 --
25 - -
MIXED PRIMARY 8 SECONDARY
PAPER FILTRATE
c -- -SECONDARY SLUDGE
^ S-4/V0
FILTRATE
SECONDARY SLUDGE PAPER FILTRATE
H 1 h 1 H
2 4 8 12 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
FILTRATE
SUM OF AMMONIA a NITRATE NITROGEN
FIGURE 58
123
-------
400
350
300
250
I
Q_
o
i
Q.
300
150
100
MIXED PRIMARY
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
( ANAEROBIC - 494+mg./l.)
4 8 12
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
MIXED LIQUOR
PHOSPHATES
FIGURE 59
24
124
-------
100
80
o
x 40
-h /
MIXED PRIMARY
a SECONDARY
PRIMARY
/ V
SECONDARY
4 8 12
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
FILTRATE PAPER
PHOSPHATES
24
FIGURE 60
125
-------
50,000 - -
MIXED PRIMARY
B SECONDARY
SECONDARY
ANAEROBIC 67,275 mg./I.
4 8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
MIXED LIQUOR
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
30
FIGURE 61
126
-------
5,000-
4,000
LJ
Q
V
X
o
<
o
LJ
I
o
3,000 - -
2,000- -
1,000
MIXED PRIMARY
a SECONDARY
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
ANAEROBIC - l,800mg./l.
0>
U-
4 8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
FILTRATE-PAPER
30
FIGURE 62
127
-------
5500
5000
Q
z
UJ
0 4500
LU
O
X
o
_i 4000
X
o
3500
MIXED PRIMARY 3
SECONDARY
PRIMARY
3000 --
ANAEROBIC - 3,309 mg./l.
4 8 12 18 24
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
FILTRATE- SANDBED
30
FIGURE 63
128
-------
1800 - -
PR/MARY^,
SLUDGE
oo
8 12 18
DETENTION TIME (DAYS)
30
MIXED LIQUOR
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
FIGURE 64
129
-------
TABLE 65
PRIMARY SLUDGE
DISSOLVED OXYGEN MIXED LIQUOR
Date
1970 Hour 2
61 A A A A
1U U.11
61 Q A T 9
-ly U. J2
A 9 A A 9Q
o /o u.^y
81 T A Q A
1J 0. Jo
89 T ATT
/J U. JJ
811 A T Z.
-Jl U.JJ
1 A ^ A A7
_LU J U.O/
1 A 1 9 A 9 A
J.U I/ U./U
1971
911
^ -L-L
9 1 A
0 1 A _
7ii i ? noon
Til ft n -m -
7_1 9 19 norm
^19 ft n m
^ 1 A 19 nnrm
71 S 19 norm
^ 1 S ft r\ m _-
3 1 f) 1 ? noon - -
217 ft n m
A-20
AUH _ n 77
Detention Time 1
4 4 8 12
O^Q _ n A 9 n A9
0 36 0 36 1 86
A AA n 39 1 7fi
OA A n s n
. 1U U. JU
n A i n A Q
OA A n s 9 _
. 1U U . JZ
Oin n an i in
n 9 s n ns n i A n i s
i no n AS n 9Q n fi9
- - - o 9A
A 97.
_ n 9S
- - n 3s
Ocn
n A s
- - n ss
OQ1
. yj_
A 7 C.
OA1
. OJL
i nn
x. uu
n AA n /. R A A7
Days
18
093
n 99
031
01 ft
OA 9
OA A
11
n fiA
OT1
. Jl
077
. / /
0£n
n 88
OC;Q
. jy
i nn
n /, a
24
Oon
A A 9
A 97
A 9A
OTA
. JO
01 C
. L J
A An
OT9
. JZ
08 A
. OD
n A?
07Q
. / y
Oan
. £3U
A A i;
30
A 9Q
09Q
/y
n 98
n i s
U. J. J
OTA
JU
n i a
U . J_o
n A8
099
zz
09B
zo
OA7
0 /
n AS
OA7
0 /
Of./,
. 01
i i n
JL. J.U
A A T
130
-------
TABLE 66
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
DISSOLVED OXYGEN MIXED LIQUOR
Date Detention Time Days
1971 4 8 12
5-27 0.73
5-28 0.75
5-29 0.75
6-4 0.77
6-5 0.82
6-6 0.64
7-12 0.76
7-13 0.70
7-14 0.65
AVG 0.74 0.74 0.70
TABLE 67
SECONDARY SLUDGE
DISSOLVED OXYGEN MIXED LIQUOR
Date 4 8 12
1971
6-1 0.21
6-2 0.18
6-3 0.20
6-13 0.15
6_15 - 0.19
6-16 0.12
6_25 0.20
6-28 °'25
7-1 0.20
AVG 0.20 0.15 0.22
131
-------
TABLE 68A
PRIMARY SLUDGE
AMMONIA NITROGEN
Date
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
2-16
2-24
AVG
4 3
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
9-17
10-5
10-12
10-16
11-24
12-9
AVG
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
Feed
336.0
336.0
980.0
550.7
165.2
162.0
61.6
91.0
100.8
116.1
44.8
78.4
140.0
87.7
Anaerobic Detention
Digester 2 4
Mixed Liquor
1971
232.0 560.0
1,232.0 392.0
140.0 224.0
534.7 392.0
1,512.0 504.0
~i ^9 n
1,512.0 328.0
^A n
jo. u
no ri
70 0
7 A 7
Filtrate (Paper)
1970-71
mf.
. D
QQ £
oy . o
1 £8 0
1 /i c; n
-Lt J . U
1 A/I 9
-LD4 . Z
1 7Q 9
-L / 3 . Z.
1 /,£. "3
693.0 100.8
638.4 240.8
666.4 235.2
665.9 192.3
448.0
224.0
46.0
239.3
448.0
350.0
399.0
101.5
105.0
105.0
103.8
131.6
140.0
78.4
156.8
128.8
240.8
146.1
72.8
16.8
89.2
59.6
Time Days
8
392.0
280.0
196.0
289.3
420.0
112.0
266.0
70.0
98.0
84.0
84.0
187.6
196.0
224.0
218.4
123.2
246.4
199.3
128.8
196.0
179.2
168.0
12
448.0
336.0
308.0
363.3
364.0
98.0
231.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
16.7
28.0
28.0
50.0
22.4
29.0
184.8
263.2
308.0
252.0
132
-------
TABLE 68B
PRIMARY SLUDGE
AMMONIA NITROGEN
Anaerobic Detention Time Days
Date Feed Digester 2 4 8 12
Filtrate (Paper)
1971
2-16 73.0
2-24 90.0
AVG 81.5
43
L ?n -
L 9S -
S i
Avr1 _
1 7
i /
1-27 117.6
AVG 117.6
9 OA
4O
J
/i on
t £U
A OC
4 /J
C 1
AWP
731.0 258.0
627.0 146.0
679.0 202.0
12
f\"\ 0
7A 9
/i 7 f.
4 / . 0
A1 £
DJL . o
Sand Bed Filti
1971
2
i /.n n
330.4 156.8
330.4 148.4
4
224.0 280.0
12
AS n
fi? "}
SS.9
286.0
35 .0
322.0
18
109.2
67.2
78.0
84.8
rate
4
134.0
56.0
95.0
4
336.0
18
73.9
50.4
62.9
297.0
325.0
311.0
24
92.4
92.4
58.8
81.2
8
184.0
145.6
164.8
8
336.0
24
12.3
19.6
16.0
252.0
381.0
316.5
30
100.8
100.8
12
140.0
201.6
170.8
12
336.0
30
84.7
50.4
67.6
133
-------
TABLE 69
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
AMMONIA NITROGEN
Mixed Liquor Filtrate (Paper)
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
Feed
49
49
21
28
98
35
25
44
Detention Detention
Time Days Time Days
4 12 24 4 12 24
63 60
63 -- 60
70 52
98 76
70 76
98 75
98
91
91
65 89 93 57 76
28
70
77
58
Feed
27
36
28
14
21
25
Sand Bed
18
14
28
20
134
-------
TABLE 70
SECONDARY SLUDGE
AMMONIA NITROGEN
Mixed Liquor
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-16
6-25
6-28
7-1
AVG
Feed
28
28
14
21
14
28
42
25
(Paper)
12
9
9
16
20
16
22
15
4
14
28
14
19
Detention Time Days
8
49
49
56
51
12
35
56
56
49
Anaerobic
6-25
6-28
AVG
210
231
220
39
41
40
135
-------
TABLE 71
SECONDARY SLUDGE
AMMONIA NITROGEN
SAND BED
Date Detention Time Days
1971 Feed 4 8 12
6-^ -- 12
6-2 12
6-3 6 14
6-13 -- 39
6-15 - - 43
6-16 45 12
6-25 -- 26
6-28 26
7-1 38 -- 21
AVG 30 13 31 24
136
-------
TABLE 72
PRIMARY SLUDGE
NITRATES MIXED LIQUOR
Date Anaerobic
1971 Feed Digester
1-21 38 138
1-27 18 84
AVG 28 111
2-24 4.2
4.3
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
2
32.0
16.0
24.0
4
4.8
12
18.0
29.0
29.0
25.3
Detention Time Days
4 8
24.0 34.0
12.0 11.0
18.0 22.5
Detention Time Days
4 8
4.2 4.0
Detention Time Days
18 24
22.0 35.0
29.0 23.0
43.0 34.0
31.3 30.7
12
30.0
15.0
22.5
12
3.6
30
34.0
38.0
36.0
137
-------
TABLE 73
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
NITRATES
MIXED LIQUOR
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
Fee>
32
39
16
19
44
54
54
37
4
24
26
24
Detention Time Days
12
20
12
9
24
25
14
40
54
48
47
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-16
AVG
Feed
34
60
40
30
26
38
4
15
17
17
16
TABLE 74
SECONDARY SLUDGE
NITRATES
MIXED LIQUOR
Detention Time Days
8
18
32
24
25
138
-------
TABLE 75
PRIMARY SLUDGE
NITRATES FILTRATE (PAPER)
Date
1970-71
10-5
10-12
10-16
11-9
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
2-16
2-24
AVG
4-3
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
Feed
0.4
0.5
0.9
1.3
0.5
0.4
0.8
2.5
0.78
0.91
0.25
0.3
0.27
Anaerobic
Digester
1.0
0000
0.8
3.5
0.56
1.46
0.38
0.3
0.34
2
1.4
1.3
1.3
4.4
4.0
1.4
1.0
1.0
0.96
1.86
4
1.75
0.8
1.27
12
2.4
0.9
1.65
Detention
4
2.0
2.0
3.0
1.4
2.0
2.0
1.9
3.5
0.90
2.07
Detention
4
4.75
1.6
3.17
Detention
18
1.7
0.8
1.7
1.40
Time Days
8
1.8
0.6
2.2
2.2
1.2
1.8
1.2
2.0
0.82
1.53
Time Days
8
3.25
1.4
2.33
Time Days
24
1.9
0.8
1.5
1.40
12
0.4
1.0
1.6
0.9
1.2
0.4
1.7
3.5
1.30
1.33
12
2.25
0.7
1.47
30
1.1
1.8
1.45
139
-------
TABLE 76
PRIMARY SLUDGE
NITRATES SAND DRYING BEDS FILTRATES
Date
1971
1-7
1-27
AVG
2-24
Anaerobic
Digester
0.7
0.7
2
4.1
2.6
3.35
4
5.0
Detention Time
4
6.3
3.1
4.70
Detention Time
4
3.0
Days
8
6.5
3.0
4.75
Days
8
4.0
12
4.0
2.7
3.35
12
2.0
4-3
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
Detention Time Days
12
2.2
2.4
1.8
2.13
18
3.2
1.7
3.4
2.76
24
1.9
4.6
3.25
30
1.1
4.0
2.55
140
-------
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
5-27
6-6
7-14
AVG
Feed
_
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.76
TABLE 77
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
NITRATES
Detention Time Days
4 12 24
Filtrate (Paper)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5 0.0 0.0
Filtrate (Sand Bed)
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.33
141
-------
TABLE 78
SECONDARY SLUDGE
NITRATES
Date Detention Time Days
1971 Feed 4 8
Filtrate (Paper)
6-1 0.2 0.7
6-2 0.6 0.2
6-3 3.8 1.6
6-13 0.0
6-15 0.0 0.0
6-16 0.0 0.0
AVG 0.92 0.83 0.0
Filtrate (Sand Bed)
6-3 1.2
6-16 0.0
AVG 0.60
142
-------
TABLE 79
AMMONIA NITROGEN PLUS NITRATES
PRIMARY SLUDGE
Mixed Liquor
Date
1971
1-21
1-27
2-24
4-3
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
Feed
374
998
686
Anaerobic
Digester
1370
224
797
2
424
240
157
116
205
Detention
4
236
58
354
216
Time Days
8
314
219
116
216
12
351
323
102
Ill
115
200
Filtrate Paper
Date
1970-71
10-5
10-12
10-16
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
2-16
2-24
AVG
Feed
162
62
92
101
46
81
90
73
90
89
Anaerobic
Digester
694
642
667
731
627
672
2
91
169
146
168
181
102
242
236
168
Detention
4
142
80
160
131
242
75
20
90
275
253
147
Time Days
8
198
225
221
124
248
130
198
180
313
336
216
12
18
29
30
51
23
187
180
178
254
382
133
143
-------
TABLE 80
AMMONIA NITROGEN PLUS NITRATES
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Mixed Liquor
Date Feed Dention Time Days Sand
1971 4 12 24 Bed
5-27 87
5-28 81 89
5-29 88 94
6-4 37 118
6-5 47 82
6-6 107
7-12 142 138
7-13 89 145
7-14 79 139
AVG 80 90 102 141
Filtrate Paper and Sand Bed Filtrate
5-27 60.4
5-28 27.4 60.5
5-29 52.6
6-4 76.0
6-5 36.0 76.0
6-6 75.0 18.0
7-12 32.0 28.0
7-13 14.0 70.0 14.0
7-14 21.0 77.0 28.0
AVG 26.1 57.8 75.7 58.3 20.0
144
-------
TABLE 81
AMMONIA NITROGEN PLUS NITRATES
SECONDARY SLUDGE
Mixed Liquor
Lme Days
12
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-16
AVG
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-15
6-16
AVG
Feed
62
88
54
51
40
59
28.2
28.6
17.8
21.0
14.0
21.9
Detention
4
29
45
31
35
Filtrate
12.7
9.2
12.8
16.0
20.0
14.1
Time D;
8
67
81
80
76
Paper
Sand Beds
AVG
30.0
13.6
31
24.0
145
-------
TABLE 82
PRIMARY SLUDGE
PHOSPHATE
Date
1970-71
11-4
11-9
11-24
12-8
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
Feed
235
185
318
239
383
400
355
302
Anaerobic
Digester
Mixed
400+
571+
500+
500+
500+
494+
Detention
2 4
Liquor
267
262
252
220
272
254
249
254
340
278
280
228
294
254
231
272
Detention
4 4
2-16
2-25
AVG
1970-71
12-8
1-7
1-27
AVG
324
324
415+
500+
458+
Sand Bed
325
350
338
Filtrate
392
426
409
Detention
2 4
24
15
20
51
75
72
66
62
60
46
56
Detention
4 4
2-25
23
92
101
Time Days
8
252
252
255
220
330
280
227
259
Time Days
8
340
345
343
Time Days
8
37
66
78
60
Time Days
8
67
12
212
237
235
220
274
276
286
249
12
306
348
327
12
103
30
28
54
12
90
146
-------
TABLE 83
PRIMARY SLUDGE
PHOSPHATE
Date
1970-71
Feed
Anaerobic
Digester
Detention Time
2 4
Days
8
12
Filtrate (Paper)
10-5
10-12
10-16
11-4
11-9
11-24
12-8
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
110
74
66
64
83
88
62
55
91
115
81
50
40
43
40
42
43
77
85
78
94
85
68
73
103
100
81
84
106
107
98
106
95
85
62
67
35
31
79
Detention Time
4 4
2-16
2-25
AVG
51
92
72
44
44
115
104
110
125+
125+
125+
81
75
76
88
88
97
94
110
91
84
88
Days
8
127
118
123
26
23
23
67
67
75
81
109
43
28
54
12
77
112
95
147
-------
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
5-27
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
Feed
426
460
130
160
300
160
267
272
50+
50+
49
49
47
47
43
48 +
TABLE 84
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
PHOSPHATE
Detention Time Days
4 12 24
Mixed liquor
275
270
390
240
310
260
310
285
290
312 270 295
Filtrate (Paper)
50
51
50
49
50+
49
42
28
29
50 49 33
148
-------
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-16
6-25
6-28
7-1
AVG
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-16
6-25
6-28
7-1
AVG
Feed
260
310
240
267
160
380
440
294
35
47
26
41
34
47
30
37
TABLE 85
SECONDARY SLUDGE
PHOSPHATE
Detention Time Days
4 8 12
Mixed Liquor
200
130
180
360
000 420
430
340
430
400
170 403 390
Filtrate (Paper)
17
13
28
33
42
43
28
24
17
19 39 23
149
-------
TABLE 86
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
PHOSPHATE
Date Feed Detention Time 4-Days
1971 Mixed Liquor Filtrate Mixed Liquor Filtrate
6-25 500+ 50+ 260 31
6-28 500+ 50+ 500+ 31
AVG 500+ 50+ 380+ 31
150
-------
TABLE 87
PRIMARY SLUDGE
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND MIXED LIQUOR
Date
1970-71
10-24
11-24
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
2-16
2-24
AVG
4-3
4-20
4-25
5-1
&\jr
Feed
33,600
59,740
40,000
28,400
40,435
48,000
44,000
46,000
Anaerobic
Digester
79,928
75,600
76,000
77,176
12,000
80,400
46,200
2
14,400
40,788
8,800
27,200
22,797
4
36,000
36,400
36,200
12
27,600
33,335
35,320
32.085
Detention Time Days
4 8 12
23,800 18,000
54,400 29,600 30,000
35,844 44,496 37,080
12,800 15,600 17,600
22,000 16,000 7,200
31,261 25,899 21,976
Detention Time Days
4 8 12
44,000 29,600 24,000
39,200 28,000 42,400
41,600 28,800 33,200
Detention Time Days
18 24 30
An 045 }} -31S
36,130 30,040 23,140
42,110 38,350 31,590
39.495 33.908 27,365
151
-------
TABLE 88
PRIMARY SLUDGE
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND FILTRATE (PAPER)
Date
1970
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
8-14
8-15
8-23
8-24
8-25
8-31
9-18
10-6
10-12
10-16
U1") A
12-9
AVG
10,600
4,000
4,080
3,960
4,040
3,980
3,800
3,873
3,440
2,400
1,960
2,638
4,064
Anaerobic
Digester
2
T onn
o nnn
o nnn
- 9 Ann
2,000 600
o Ann
onn
2onn
~\ T?n
J, ^U
1 -JQf)
- "} i sn
7 qnn
- ? 7sn
o AH7
2QQ A
2,520
2,720
31 or\
9 0 1 Q
2,000 2,479
Detention
4
1,800
1,800
800
400
1,000
2,000
1,600
3,040
2,960
2,900
2,040
3,000
3,400
4,700
4,240
3,520
4,000
2,080
2,638
2,522
Time Days
8
800
800
800
2,000
1,600
1,200
1,200
1,300
1,440
1,620
1,400
1,360
1,480
3,647
3,720
2,080
3,400
1,200
2,929
1,788
12
1,200
200
1,200
1,800
1,400
800
1,400
1,120
1,480
1,200
2,759
1,324
152
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TABLE 89
PRIMARY SLUDGE
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND FILTRATE (PAPER)
Date
1971
1-7
1-21
1-27
1-27
1-27
AVG
2-16
2-24
AVG
4-3
4-20
4-25
4-30
&.\jr
Feed
1,180
2,640
3,472
2,200
2,373
1,276
2,680
1,978
Anaerobic
Digester
384
128
400
304
370
784
577
2
2,768
2,976
2,176
2,400
2,800
2,624
4
2,520
1,440
1,980
12
3,000
6,430
3,250
4.227
Detention
4
1,664
656
1,184
1,200
1,176
Detention
4
5,840
5,840
Detention
18
5,780
4,950
4,880
5,203
Time Days
8
1,984
2,144
2,064
Time Days
8
3,041
2,920
2,980
Time Days
24
3,870
3,650
4,700
4,073
12
2,256
1,712
1,936
2,400
2,076
12
3,209
3,960
3,585
30
3,170
4,630
3,900
153
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TABLE 90
PRIMARY SLUDGE
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
Date
1970-71 Feed
Anaerobic
Digester 2
Detention
4
Time Days
8
12
Supernatant
10-22
H-24
AVG
12,200
11,840
12,020
11,200
11,040
11,120
7,600
12,080
9,840
5,760
5,360
5,560
Sand Bed Filtrate
1-7
1_27
AVG
2-24
4 3
4-20
4 2S
4 10
AVG
2
576 3,616
800 3,200
688 3,408
4
400 4,020
12
6,300
6,390
6,345
Detention
4
3,648
3,600
3,624
Detention
4
4,600
Detention
18
6,230
5,140
5,685
Time Days
8
5,840
2,200
4,020
Time Days
8
3,920
Time Days
24
3,560
4,880
4,220
12
1,920
3,400
2,660
12
3,560
30
3,610
4,590
4,100
154
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TABLE 91
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
Date Detention Time Days
1971 Feed 4 8 12 24
Mixed Liquor
5-27 ---r 39,200
5-28 62,000 47,200
5-29 66,000 48,400
6-4 38,880 36,000
6-5 49,320 34,200
6-6 34,920
7-12 45,000 33,000
7-13 42,000 31,000
7-14 30,000 36,000
AVG 47,600 44,933 35,040 33,333
Filtrate (Paper)
5-27 4,400
5-28 3,640 4,440
5-29 3,840 4>°°°
6-4 2,770 3,850
6-5 3,240 3,925
6_6 3,815
7_12 2,300 3,900
7_13 2,200 4»100
7-14 1,800 4>200
AVG 2,827 4,280 3,863 4,067
SAND BED FILTRATE
5_27 5,880
7_12 2,600
AVG 4,240
155
-------
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6 1
6-13
f, 1 s
6-16
6-25
6-28
7-1
AVG
f, i
fi- ">
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-16
6-25
6-28
7-1
AVG
Feed
30,800
41,200
26,800
34,400
28,400
29,000
35,000
32,229
880
560
1 , U4 U
1,750
1,400
1,200
1,300
1,355
Anaerobic
Digester
75,000
72,000
73,500
1,700
1,200
1,450
TABLE 92
SECONDARY SLUDGE
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
Sand Bed
4 8 12 Filtrate
MIXED LIQUOR
5,600
10,800
13,600 640
24,400
23,600
26,000
48,000
28,000
26,000
10,000 24,667 34,000 640
Filtrate (Paper)
440
800
1,320
1,240
1,800
1,760
1,200
1)100
1,000
853 1,600 1,100
156
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TABLE 93
PRIMARY SLUDGE
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
Date
1970-71
9-17
1-21
1-21
1-27
1-27
AVG
2-16
2-16
2-24
2-24
AVG
4-8
4-26
5-1
AVG
AVG
Feed Anaerobic
2563
1100
1133
1767
1567
1626
267
364
1515
715
67
67
34
34
51
67
67
67
1284 .
59
Detention Time Days
2 4 8 12
1500 '2125 1688
1567 133 1200 900
1633 133 1133 1100
900 133 967 800
967 67 1033 667
1313 518 1204 867
Detention Time Days
4 4 8 12
1533 600 200
1121 364 121
727 1182 1756
697 1273 1939
1020 855 1004
Detention Time Days
12 18 24 30
_ 1575 _,
1975 1773 1667
1869 1727 1576 606
1806 1750 1621 606
1313 741 1049 1173 1750 1621 606
157
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TABLE 94
PRIMARY SLUDGE
pH
Date
1970-71
6-9
6-10
8-13
8-23
8-31
10-5
10-12
10-16
11-9
11-24
12-9
1-7
1-21
1-27
AVG
2-16
2-24
AVG
4-3
4-20
4-25
5-1
AVG
Feed
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.91
6.24
5.6
5.5
6.1
6.26
5.90
5.70
5.80
6.02
5.90
5.96
Anaerobic
Digester
6.6
7.07
7.00
7.04
6.94
6.93
6.82
6.92
6.87
2
8.1
8.0
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.39
6.52
6.33
5.8
7.24
6.71
5.75
6.05
7.04
6.60
4
6.22
6.22
6.22
12
5.9
7.0
6.6
6.50
Detention
4
8.1
8.1
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.09
6.24
5.87
5.5
6.05
7.46
6.61
7.33
7.55
6.62
Detention
4
5.10
5.94
5.52
Detention
18
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.30
Time Days
8
7.4
7.6
6.3
6.3
6.3
7.04
7.10
6.75
6.44
6.95
6.64
6.59
6.62
6.66
6.76
Time Days
8
6.53
6.36
6.45
Time Days
24
6.2
7.0
6.6
6.60
12
7.5
7.5
7.31
7.32
7.42
6.38
6.80
6.55
6.98
7.36
7.96
7.19
12
5.90
6.16
6.03
30
7.4
7.1
7.25
159
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TABLE 95
MIXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SLUDGE
pH
Date
1971
5-27
5-28
5-29
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-12
7-13
7-14
AVG
Feed
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.7
6.3
5.8
5.9
5.8
Detention Time
4 12
5.8
5.6
5.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
5.7 6.8
Days
24
7.2
6.9
7.1
7.1
TABLE 96
SECONDARY SLUDGE
pH
Date
1971
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-13
6-15
6-lb
6-25
6-28
7-1
A\V
Feed
6.6
6.4
6.6
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.3
Detention lime Days
4 8 12
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.4
7.4
7.7
7.4 7.1 7.5
160
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SECTION VIII
PILOT PLANT OPERATIONS
AND RESULTS
The pilot plant units were first used to determine the physical and
chemical changes which would take place with aerobic digestion of
primary sludge. This was followed by utilizing mixed primary and
secondary sludge and then the secondary alone was utilized as the
waste fed to the aerobic sludge digesters. For comparison sludge from
the StLHwater Sewage Treatment Plant's anaerobic sludge digester was
analyzed. Also one four day period of aerobic sludge digestion was made
on the anaerobic sludge and analyzed. Both of the above were made for
comparison. Figure 8 shows the average values of total and volatile
solids with detention times ranging from the feed sludge or zero deten-
tion time to 30 days detention time. It should be noted that the deten-
tion time for each run was about one-fourth the dilute out time. This
is true for all the digesters which were used on this project. It
should be noted that for most of the different sludges under aerobic
digestion the total solids and the volatile solids decreased, then
increased and later decreased again as the detention time increased.
The exception was the mixed primary and secondary sludge which showed
a continuous decline in magnitude with detention. The mixed primary
and secondary sludge was greater in all of the average values than
either the primary sludge or secondary sludge. Detention times of four
to eight days produce a sludge of lower total and volatile solids con-
tent for most of the plotted values. This indicates that a detention
time in this region would be less costly for the solids removal attained
than longer detention times. Figures 11 and 13, particularly for batch
primary sludge, show that total solids continue to decrease with increas-
ing detention times. *
The values for anaerobic digested four hour settled (Figure 9) show a
large reduction in total solids after four days detention of about 45
percent, while the volatile solids at the same time show a much lower
decrease of about 3.6 percent. Figures 10 through 13 show the results
in bar graph form.
The water contents, as percent water are shown in Figures 14, 15, and
16 for primary mixed liquor, mixed primary and secondary mixed liquor,
secondary mixed liquor, primary four hour settled mixed liquor, mixed
primary and secondary four hour settled mixed liquor, and secondary
four hour settled mixed liquor. All of these increased in percent
moisture for the two day detention time except the primary four hour
settled mixed liquor which had a decrease of water from 96.3 to 93.3
percent. After the 8 hour detention period all stayed in the range of
about 96 to 98 percent water for the longer detention times.
161
-------
The settleability of the mixed liquor on settling for four hours is
shown in Figure 17. The settleability was measured by placing a sludge
in a graduate cylinder and noting the level after four hours had elapsed.
The data on mixed primary and secondary sludge showed the greatest con-
sistency of all the sludges. It varied from about 94 percent for the
raw to 8A percent for the sludge with 12 days detention. The other
sludges showed a very wide range of values but most of them were in a
lower range indicating better settling characteristics.
The filterability of sludges from the primary, mixed primary and
secondary, secondary, batch primary, and anaerobic mixed liquors were
determined using the English instrument which measures capillary suction
time (C.S.T.) in seconds. The mean values of C.S.T. for the various
sludges are plotted in Figure 18. Low values of C.S.T. indicate a
more rapid drainage of water from the mixed liquors. The secondary
sludge showed better results than any of the other sludges having a low
of about 30 C.S.T. seconds at four days detention and a high of 230.
Each of the others recorded a low reading on the non-aerated aerated
sludge except for the batch primary which had a low reading of 270 C.S.T.
at a detention time of 30 days. For detention times of 2 days to 24 days
inclusive, using mean values the range of C.S.T. varied from about 615
to 635 for the high value, and from about 370 to 410 for the low value
for primary, batch primary, and mixed primary and secondary sludges.
The mean drainability of sludges on sand drying beds on the basis of the
ratio of volume drained after 180 hours to the volume applied, see
Figure 19, shows very little correlation with the filterability values.
In general, ratios indicate that a short detention time under aeration
will give better drainage of sludges on sand beds than longer detention
times. Figures 20, 21, and 22 show detention time as the abscissa, with
the right hand ordinate as sand bed drainage ratio and the left hand
ordinate as C.S.T. The primary sludge values are plotted in Figure 20.
This indicates a reverse correlation showing longer C.S.T. values with
sand bed drainage ratios of volume drained also higher. Conversely ,
with shorter C.S.T. values the less the sand bed drainage ratio.
Figure 21 for mixed primary and secondary sludge shows roughly that
lover C.S.T. values correspond to higher drainability values. While
there are not very many data available there is only a slight tendency
toward correlation.
The temperatures for the aerobic sludge digesters were controlled within
a range of 22°C to 26°f but most of the time the range was 23°C to 25°C
as shown in Figure 23. The temperature control units described earlier,
maintained a fairly constant temperature in the mixed liquor of the
aerobic sludge digester. The room where the sludge drying beds were
located were maintained at approximately the same range of temperature
as the digesrers.
The drainage and/or drying of the sludge on sand beds is well illustrated
by photographs of the surface of the sludge on the beds. Feed or raw
primary sl'idge is illustrated in Figures 24 through 27. Figure 24 shows
162
-------
the sludge after it was on the bed for about 7 hours. Some of the
water has drained but the surface is still very wet. Figure 25 shows
the sludge surface after 40 hours on the bed where the sludge appears
to be drying very well. Figure 26 is a picture of the same sludge after
50 hours showing good drying and a white growth which appears to be a
mold. Figure 27 shows the same sludge with a heavier growth of mold
together with more cracks and holes on the surface after 180 hours.
Figure 19 shows that about 55 percent of the total volume of water has
drained through the sand in 180 hours. Figure 18 shows the filterability
to be 150 C.S.T. seconds.
Primary sludge from a reactor having a two day detention time was placed
on a sand drying bed, and after seven hours looked rather watery as
shown in Figure 28. After 50 hours it shows signs of draining in
Figure 29 where fissures and mold begin to show. In Figure 30 the
sludge has drained quite well with fissures and mold more predominate
after 120 hours. Figure 31 shows greater cracking of the surface and
further growth of mold after 220 hours. Figure 19 shows for a detention
time of two days that the drainability of the sludge after 180 hours is
68 percent. From Figure 18 the filterability is 560 C.S.T. seconds.
Primary sludge from a reactor having a four day detention time was
placed on a sand drying bed, after 30 hours it appeared to have dewatered
a little as shown in Figure 32. After 70 hours, Figure 33 shows a heavy
growth of mold and additional draining for the sludge. After 120 hours,
Figure 34 shows a heavier growth of mold without much cracking. After
220 hours, Figure 35 shows a very heavy growth of mold and several small
cracks. The sludge appeared to have pulled away from the side walls of
the sand filter. Figure 19 for a four hour detention shows that the
drainability of the sludge after 180 hours is 62 percent. From Figure
18 the filterability is 610 C.S.T. seconds.
Primary sludge from a reactor having an eight day detention time was
placed on a sand drying bed. After seven hours it showed a dark mass
with little drainage in Figure 36. There appeared to be an area of
light on about one-sixth of the bed which may be a mold. Figure 37
shows the same bed after 70 hours with a very heavy growth of mold over
about 60 percent of the surface. The sludge also appeared wet over
the whole surface of the bed. The same bed is shown in Figure 38 after
175 hours with the mold still showing but with about five large deep
cracks through the sludge and a much dryer appearance. Figure 39 shows
the same bed after 250 hours with further cracking. The mold is begin-
ning to peel and the sludge looks very dry. Figure 18 shows for a
primary sludge and detention time of eight days a C.S.T. of 530 seconds
and from Figure 19 a drainability ratio of 52 percent after 180 hours.
Primary sludge from a reactor having a 12 day detention time was placed
on a sand drying bed. After seven hours it showed up as a watery mass,
shown in Figure 40. After 70 hours, shown in Figure 41, it was still
rather wet with a little pool of water showing. Molds showed up again
on the sludge above the water. Figure 42 shows the same sludge after
120 hours on the sand bed. Here the sludge had begun to crack and dry,
with the mold showing white with less coverage of the sludge.
163
-------
Figure 43 shows this sludge after 220 hours with the mold appearing to
be granular and large areas of black sludge showing. From Figure 18,
the 12 day detention time for primary sludge, the filterability is
found to be 410 C.S.T. seconds, and from Figure 19 a drainability ratio
of 61 percent after 180 hours.
Anaerobic sludge was placed on a sand bed and its appearance after 25
hours was as shown in Figure 44. The sludge shows some mold concentrated
on about 10 to 15 percent of the area. Some cracks were beginning to
open but the sludge was still very wet. After 70 hours, Figure 45
shows one large crack and a few smaller cracks in the sludge. However,
the sludge looks very wet in the photograph. At the end of 175 hours
the sludge appeared dried and well cracked and appears to have many
small holes spread over most of the area as shown in Figure 46. After
250 hours the sludge, shown in Figure 47, appeared to be dryer and was
very well cracked. From Figure 18 the filterability of the anaerobic
sludge is 630 C.S.T. seconds and from Figure 19 the drainability ratio
is 23 after 180 hours.
Secondary sludge from an aerobic reactor having a four day detention
time was placed on a sand bed to a depth of eight inches. After 1150
hours of drainage a photograph was taken of the sludge and is shown in
Figure 48. The print at the top of the page is a closeup of the same
sludge shown in the print at the bottom of the page. Molds show up in
small separated areas. The appearance of the molds was diffused to a
greater extent than in other sludges. The mass of sludge appeared to
be less porous than in many of the other sludges, and to contain more
moisture.
Secondary sludge from an aerobic reactor having an eight day detention
time was placed on a sand bed to a depth of eight inches. After 880
hours of drainage a photograph was taken of the sludge and is shown in
Figure 49. Again the print at the top of the page is a closeup of the
same sludge shown in the print at the bottom of the page. Molds still
appear but there are fewer large white areas as in previous photographs.
This sludge appeared to be some what dryer than the sludge with only
a four day detention time.
Figure 50 shows secondary sludge from an aerobic reactor on a sand bed.
The aerobic reactor had a 12 day detention time. Eight inches of
sludge was placed on the sand bed and after 528 hours on the bed the
two prints of the surface of the bed were taken. This sludge appeared
to have more openings through the bed than the previous two cases.
There was still mold on the surface of the sludge with greater white
mold coverage.
The pH of the mixed liquor tends to increase with detention time for
each or the three sludges, primary, mixed primary and secondary, and
secondary, see Figure 51. For each of these three therp was one dip
in pH values. Primary and mixed primary and secondary each had a dip
in pH on the lour day detention time compared to detention times before
164
-------
and after this time. The secondary sludge exhibited higher pH values
than either of the other two sludges. The mixed primary and secondary
sludge had the lowest pH values for all detention times from the feed
through the 12 day time. Thereafter, the primary had the lowest value.
The dissolved oxygen content of the three sludges is very low for the
secondary sludge, relatively high for the mixed primary and secondary
sludge, with a maximum value of 0.74 mg/1 and inbetween and quite
variable for the primary sludge as shown in Figure 52. None of the
dissolved oxygen values were very high. Most of the time the rate of
oxygen flow available for use was the maximum available. It appears
that more oxygen applied to the sludges would have produced better
results.
The concentration of the ammonia nitrogen as plotted in Figures 53 and
54 shows good correlation for the mixed liquor secondary sludge and
the secondary filtrate (paper and sand beds) as well as for the mixed
liquor, mixed primary and secondary sludge on paper filtrate. However,
the mixed liquor primary, and primary on paper filtration show little
correlation. As a generalization the filtration in each case reduced
the ammonia nitrogen concentration.
The mixed liquor nitrate concentration values shown in Figure 55 are
consistant relative to each of the sludges. For each of the sludges
there is a general trend to loss of nitrate with a four day detention
time and a 12 day detention time. Then the nitrogen content increases
for all three sludges. In the case of the mixed primary and secondary
sludge there is a decrease from 37 mg/1 nitrate on the feed to 14 mg/1
at 12 days detention, then an increase to 47 mg/1 the last of which is
above the recommended standard of 45 mg/1. The primary sludge showed
a small rise in nitrate, then a moderate drop, a rapid rise, a plateau
and another rise. The nitrogen filtrates contained very minor concen-
tration for all sludges and for all detention times. Sludge filtrate
concentrations ranged from a low of about 0.2 mg/1 to a high of about
4.2 mg/1 as presented in Figure 56. The highest value found here is
less than 10 percent of the maximum value allowable in the Public
Health Service Drinking Water Standards of 1962. The .biological
activity apparently varied significantly in the reactors giving unusual
variations of concentration levels.
The mixed liquor sludge-sum of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen plotted in
Figure 57 shows that the feed to the primary aerobic reactor has a high
value of about 680 mg/1 and that this decreases in a two day detention
reactor to about 200 mg/1 and remains nearly constant at 200 mg/1 in
4, 8, and 12 day reactors. For the mixed primary and secondary sludge-
sum of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen the plotted values from feed to
12 day detention reactor range from 80 to 90 mg/1, then the nitrogen
value rises to 140 mg/1 for the 24 day reactor. For the secondary
sludge the feed had a content of about 60 mg/1, the four day detention
reactor had about 26 mg/1 and the eight day detention reactor had about
75 mg/1 of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen.
165
-------
The filtrate-sum of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen are shown on Figure
58 for primary filtrate, mixed primary and secondary filtrate, the
secondary filtrate, all through paper, and secondary sand bed filtrate.
The primarv filtrate feed had a value of 90 mg/1 of nitrogen, the two
day detention time had a value of 158 mg/1, the four day detention had
a value of 145 mg/1, the eight day detention had a value of 216 mg/1
and the 12 day detention had a value of 142 mg/1. The mixed primary
and secondary filtrate had a feed concentration of 22 mg/1, the four
day detention had a nitrogen concentration of 57 mg/1, the 12 day
detention had a nitrogen concentration of 75 mg/1 and the 24 day deten-
tion had a nitrogen concentration of 56 mg/1. The secondary sludge
filtrate through paper had a feed nitrogen concentration of about
21 mg/1, and a four day nitrogen concentration of 14 mg/1. The second-
ary filtrate through a sand bed had a feed nitrogen concentration of
30 mg/1, the four day detention had a concentration of 13 mg/1, the
eight day detention had a concentration of 30 mg/1 and the 12 day
detention had a concentration of 23 mg/1. In all cases the filtration
of a sludge through paper or sand shows that only a portion of the
nitrogen is contained in the filtrate indicating that the sludge
remaining has a substantial amount of nitrogen.
The phosphates in the mixed liquor show some irregularities in the
concentrations present for the different detention times. As shown
in Figure 59 the primary sludge and the mixed primary and secondary
sludge show moderate variation for the different detention times,
however, the secondary sludge had an extreme variation in the concen-
trations of phosphates for the feed (time zero) the concentration of
phosphates was 293 mg/1, then for a four day detention time the concen-
tration was 170 mg/1, for the eight day detention time the concentration
was 403 mg/1, and for the 12 day detention time the concentration
was 390. The primary sludge and the mixed primary and secondary
concentrations stay within the limits of 256 to 316 mg/1 for all of
the detention times. The phosphates in the filtrate show greater
consistency than the phosphates in the mixed liquor. The primary
filtrate values were in the range of 60 mg/1 to 94 mg/1. The mixed
primary and secondary filtrate shows a range from 32 mg/1 to about
50 mg/1. The secondary filtrate shows a range of 19 mg/1 to 39 mg/1
and with some irregularity. The primary on sand beds shows a steep
climb from the feed filtrate with a concentration of 23 mg/1 to a
peak of about 12 mg/1 at four days detention. In all cases the
filtrates are less concentrated than the mixed liquors. The anaerobic
sludge was 494 mg/1 compared to maximum of 403 for the mixed liquor
and a maximum of 94 for the filtrates. The concentrations of phos-
phates in the filtrate are plotted in Figure 60.
Figure 61 presents the chemical oxygen demand values for the mixed
liquor. The chemical oxygen demand, or COD, is, in general, used as
a measure of the strength of a waste. For the mixed liquor the COD
of primary sludge, mixed primary and secondary sludge, and secondary
sludge was measured. The COD for the feed sludge of the mixed liquor
varied fror. about 32,000 to 46,500 mg/1. For detention times from two
166
-------
days to 30 days the COD varied from 10,000 to 45,000 mg/1. The primary
sludge showed considerable irregularity with a low COD of 10,000 to a
high of 42,300 mg/1. The mixed primary and secondary sludge had a high
of 46,300 and a low of 33,000 mg/1. The secondary sludge had a high
of 34,000 and a low of 10,000 mg/1. The high COD for the secondary was
greater than the feed COD. The anaerobic sludge had an average COD
concentration of 67,275 mg/1. The COD of the filtrate (paper) shows
that the primary sludge filtrate varied from a low of 2,090 to a high
of 5,190 mg/1, the mixed primary, and secondary had a low of 3,820
and a high of 4,230 mg/1, and the secondary had a low of 830 and a
high of 1,600 mg/1. The filtered (paper) anaerobic sludge had a COD
concentration of 1,800 mg/1. Figure 62 presents the chemical oxygen
demand values for the filtrate (paper). The primary sludge would
normally have a higher chemical oxygen demand than either the mixed
primary and secondary sludge or the secondary sludge alone. Since
the different sludges had to be placed in the reactors at different
times the chemical oxygen demands of the feed materials vary with the
wastes entering the plant.
The sand bed filtrate in Figure 63 shows the complete range of detention
times and corresponding COD values for primary sludge. For the feed
sludge the COD was 3,440 mg/1. The COD then increased to 5,690 mg/1 at
a detention time of 18 days, then it dropped to 4,100 mg/1 at a detention
time of 30 days. These appear to be very radical changes.
The biochemical oxygen demands (BOD) for the mixed liquor are shown in
Figure 64. The BOD tests were determined only on the primary sludge
mixed liquor. For the feed or zero day the BOD was 1,287 mg/1 and for
the two day detention time the BOD was 1,310 mg/1. For the four day
detention time the BOD was only 738 mg/1. From this low point the BOD
rose by three steps to a peak of 1,750 mg/1 for the 18 day detention
time. Following this the BOD in two steps dropped to a low of 605 mg/1
for a detention time of 30 days.
The COD does not have a constant ratio to the BOD, however, the ratios
on highs, lows, and means compared separately are in the same general
order of magnitude. For the feed samples the ratio of COD to BOD
averages was about 33 to one and for the four day detention reactor the
ratio was about 47 to one. For the low values the ratio on the feed
samples was 106 to one, and for the four day detention reactor the
ratio was about 191 to one. For the high values of the feed samples
the ratio was about 23 to one and the four day detention reactor was
about 26 to one.
167
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SECTION IX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The friendly cooperation of the city of Stillwater, Oklahoma, in provid-
ing space and facilities is gratefully appreciated. Mr. Fred C. Lewis,
Plant Superintendent, was very helpful in providing space for the project.
Mr. Gordon Hays, Assistant Superintendent, aided in checking on the
pilot plant in sampling and helped in running tests.
The assistance and advice in the planning and conduct of this project
given by Dr. Robert L. Bunch, Chief, Biological Treatment Research
Program Advanced Waste Treatment Research Laboratory Environmental
Protection Agency, in his capacity as Project Contact Officer is
sincerely appreciated.
The efforts made by those engaged with the conduct of this project
were essential for its successful completion. They include:
Carl. L. Goldstein, David Scott, Y. A. Badra, D. F. Kincannon,
Echol E. Cook, and Quintin B. Graves.
Without the efficient and patient typing of this report by
Mrs. Mary Morrison, the project would not have been completed.
169
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SECTION X
REFERENCES
While direct reference has not been made to the references listed below,
they have had a very direct influence upon the conduct of this research.
1. Ballard, F. Jr., "Digestion of Sewage Sludge by Aerobic Processes,"
Masters Report, Oklahoma State University (1962).
2. Barrett, B. R., "Aerobic Sludge Digestion," Masters Report, Oklahoma
State University (1962).
3. Baskerville, R. C., and Gale, R. S., "A Simple Automatic Instrument
for Determining the Filterability of Sewage Sludges," Water Pollu-
tion Control, Vol. 67, 233 (1968).
4. Coackley, P- and Allos, R., "The Drying Characteristics of Some
Sewage Sludges," Journal Institute of Sewage Purification, Vol. 6,
557 (1962).
5. Hatfield, J., "The Acidification of A Raw Sewage Sludge," Water
Pollution Control, 673-678 (1969).
6. Irgens, R. L., and Halvorson, H. 0., "Removal of Plant Nutrients by
Means of Aerobic Stabilization of Sludge," Journal of Applied Micro-
biology, Vol. 13, No. 3, May, 1965.
7. Jaworski, N., Lawton, G. W., and Rohlich, G. A., "Aerobic Sludge
Digestion," International Journal Air and Water Pollution, Vol. 4,
106 (1961).
8. Jeffrey, E. A., "Laboratory Study of Dewatering Rates for Digested
Sludge in Lagoons," Proceedings, 14th Industrial Waste Conference,
Purdue University, Ext. Ser., 359 (1960).
9. Jennett, J. C., and Santry, I. W., Jr., "Characteristics of Sludge
Drying," Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings
of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 95, No. SA 5,
October, 1969.
10. Koch, C. T. and Randall, C., "Drying Characteristics of Aerobically
Digested Sludge," Final Report of Demonstration Project WPC-182-01-07,
Submitted to the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, by
the San Antonio River Authority, San Antonio, Texas (1969).
11. Lawton, G. W., Norman, J. D., "Aerobic Sludge Digestion Studies,"
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 36, No. 4, 495-504
(1964).
171
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12. McCarty, P. L., "Sludge Concentration - Needs, Accomplishments, and
Future- Goals," Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 38,
Xo. 4, 493-507 (1966).
13. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1971, Environ-
mental Protection Agency WQO, Analytical Quality Control Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
14. Xebiker, J. H., Sanders, T. G., and Adrian, D. D., "An Investigation
of Sludge Dewatering Rates," Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation. Vol. 41, R255-R266 (1969).
15. Quon, J. E., and Johnson, G. M., "Drainage Characteristics of
Digested Sludge," Journal Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings,
American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 92, SA2, 67 (1966).
16. Randall, C. W., King, P. H. , and Turpin, J. K., "Activated Sludge
Dewatering: Factors Affecting Drainability," Presented at the
42nd Annual Conference, Water Pollution Control Federation, Dallas,
Texas (October, 1969).
17. Randall, C. W., and Koch, C. T., "Drying Characteristics of Aerobic-
ally Digested Sludge," Final Report of Demonstration Project
WPC-182-01-67, Submitted to the Department of Interior, Federal
Water Pollution Control Demonstration by San Antonio River Author-
ity (1967).
If-'. Reynolds, Tom D., "Aerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge,"
Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 113, 37-43 (1967).
19. Ritter, Lewis E., "Design and Operating Experiences Using Diffused
Aeration for Sludge Digestion," Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 42, #10, 1782-1791, October (1970).
20. Sludge Dewatering, Water Pollution Control Federation Manual of
Practice No. 20, Washington, D. C. (1969).
21. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
American Public Health Association, American Water Works
Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, 12th Edition,
1965.
22. Swanvick, J. D., and Baskerville, R. C., "Sludge Dewatering on
Drying Beds," Journal, Proceedings Institute of Sewage Purifica-
tion, 153-167 (1966)."
.:". T.mt, X. H. , Schnelle, K. B. , and Parker, F. L. , "Moisture Transport
in Sludge Dewatering and Drying on Sand Beds," Technical Report
Xo. 18, Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering,
Vandervilt University (1969).
172
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SECTION XI
PUBLICATIONS AND PATENTS
No patents have been requested and it is most probable that none will be
requested.
Dr. E. E. Cook presented a talk, which he had written, to the 22nd
Oklahoma Industrial Waste, and Water Pollution Control, and Advanced
Water Conference. The authors listed were Cook, E. E., Graves, Q. B.,
Badra, Y.A., and Scott, D. , "Effects of Detention Time on Aerobic Sludge
Digestion on Primary Sludge." The role of the Water Quality Office of
the Environmental Protection Agency in Supporting this project was
acknowledged in the paper.
Y. A. Badra wrote his Master of Science thesis on the topic "Drainage
Characteristics of Aerobically Digested Primary Sludge on Sand Beds"
utilizing data obtained from this project. He acknowledged in his
thesis the assistance of the Water Quality Office of the Environmental
Protection Agency in the project.
D. Scott, Jr., wrote his Master of Science thesis on the topic "Chemical
Characteristics of Aerobically Digested Organic Sludge" utilizing data
obtained from this project. He acknowledged, in his thesis, the fine
assistance of the Water Quality Office of the Environmental Protection
Agency in the project.
Each of the above had a very limited distribution.
173
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SECTION XII
GLOSSARY
Aeration - The bringing about of intimate contact between air and liquid
containing solids by bubbling air through the mixture to promote bio-
degradition of the solids.
Acclimation - Period during which the microorganisms become accustomed
to their new environment and substrate.
Aerobic Treatment - A biological treatment process in which bacteria
stabilize organic in the presence of dissolved oxygen.
Anaerobic Treatment - A biological treatment process in which bacteria
stabilize organic matter in the absence of dissolved oxygen.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - Utilization of organic materials by
microorganisms expressed in terms of the oxygen used.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) - A measure of the oxidation of organics
using potassium dicromate as the oxidant.
Detention Time - The theoretical period of time required for a liquid
to flow through a tank or unit.
Liquor - Water, sewage, and industrial wastes, or any combination of
the three.
Liquor, Mixed - A mixture of sludge in the aeration tank or reactor
undergoing aerobic digestion.
Mixed Liquor - The sludge in the aeration tank which is homogenous due
to mixing with compressed air.
Oxygen, Dissolved (P.O.) - The oxygen dissolved in sewage sludge.
Reactor - A tank or vessel in which biological and/or chemical reactions
or changes take place.
Settleable Solids - Suspended solids which will settle in sedimentation
basins (clarifiers) in normal detention times.
Sludge - The accumulated settled solids separated from wastewater in
clarifiers, and containing more or less water to form a semi-liquid mass.
Sludge, Primary - Sludge obtained from a primary settling tank.
Sludge, Secondary - Sludge that has had aerobic treatment followed by
settling in a second tank.
175
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Sludge, Mixed Primary and Secondary - A mixture of primary and secondary
sludge.
Solids. Total - Obtained by evaporation and drying at a temperature of
103-105°C for one hour.
Solids, Volatile - The loss in total solids when ignited at 550°C in a
muffle furnace.
Supernatant Liquor - The liquid overlying settled solids.
Total Solids - The solids in the wastewater, both suspended and dissolved.
Volatile Suspended Solids - The quantity of suspended solids in waste-
water that are lost on ignition of the total suspended solids.
176 "US OOV£HNMNT«IINTI»OO*Fia: I97J 4«4-«84/I57 t-J
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SELECTED WA TER i. Report No.
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS ...
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
2. 3. Accession No..
4' Title 5. Report Date
Aerobic Digestion of Organic Waste Sludge
6.
. S. Performing Organization
7. Author(s) Graves, Q.B.; Cook, E. E.; Report No.
17070 DAU
Badra, Y.A.; & Scott, D. 10 ProjectNo EpAj wqo
9. Organization Schooi of civil Engineering
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
11. Contract I Grant No.
13. Type of Report and
Period Covered
12. Sponsoring Organization
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract
Pilot plant aerobic sludge digesters were used for aerobic treatment of sludges at the
Stillwater Sewage Treatment Plant. They have a two stage trickling filter plant. Three
different sludges were used in the aerobic reactors: 1. primary sludge alone, 2. Mixed
primary and secondary sludge, and 3. secondary sludge alone. Various detention periods
from two days to 36 days were used. The air was applied through air diffusers near the
bottom of the aeration tanks. Physical and chemical analyses were made on the feed,
mixed liquor, four hour settled sludge, and filtered (paper and sand bed) sludge. Most
of this work on aerobic sludge digestion was performed with feeding the reactors once
or twice daily, although the first runs were fed with measuring pumps activated by a
time clock. One run was made on a batch basis. The measuring pumps clogged so frequent-
ly that the actual loading of the aeration tanks were not accurate enough to obtain
meaningful data. The data obtained indicated considerable variation in the concentratior
of the various parameters with time of aeration and with source of the sludge. General
trends indicate that the active organisms are in a state of flux. The pilot plant
results indicate as shown by some full scale operating plants that good conditioning of
the sludge by aerobic digestion is economical, while in other cases the results leave
much to be desired.
17a. Descriptors
*Sludge digestion, *Sewage sludge, *Aerobic treatment, Sludge treatment, Sewage treat-
ment, Domestic wastes, Waste disposal, Anaerobic digestion
17b. Identifiers
*Aerobic sludge digestion, digestion of primary sludge, digestion of mixed primary and
secondary sludge, digestion of secondary sludge.
17c. COWRR Field & Group 05D
18. Availability 19. Security Class.
(Report)
20. Security Class.
(Page)
21. No. of Send To:
Pages
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20240
Abstractor o. B. Graves I institution Oklahoma State University
WRSIC 102 (REV. JUNE 1971)
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