vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
Environmental Services Div.
May 1986
EPA 910/9-86-141
Field Sampler
Training Course Manual
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Time
9:00
9:15
9:45
10:10
10:20
10:45
11:00
11:40
12:00
1:00
1:15
2:00
2:15
2:45
Topic
EPA REGION 10
FIELD SAMPLER TRAINING COURSE
MAY 19, 1986
AGENDA
Speaker
Introduction
Quality Assurance
Sample Control Center and
Administrative Procedures
Sample Equipment Assembly
and Cleaning Procedures
Break
Elements of Field Sampling
Field Documentation
Labeling, Packaging &
Shipping
Lunch
Sample Shipment Logistics
Safety
Data Access
Legal Considerations
Laboratory Considerations
Dick Bauer/Paul Boys
Roy Jones
Joyce Crosson
Andy Hess
EPA Phone
Extention
1567
7373
8562
0370
Paul Boys/ Dan Tangarone
Dan Tangarone
Andy Hess
1567
1630
0370
Andy Hess
Ron Blair
Joyce Crosson
Dave Heineck
Steve Pope
0370
0370
8562
1498
0370
5/86
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EPA REGION 10
FIELD SAMPLER TRAINING COURSE MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANS 2-1
3.0 SAMPLE CONTROL CENTER AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 3-1
4.0 SAMPLE EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLY 4-1
5.0 ELEMENTS OF FIELD SAMPLING 5-1
6.0 FIELD DOCUMENTATION 6-1
7.0 SAMPLE LABELING, PACKAGING, AND SHIPPING 7-1
8.0 SAMPLE SHIPMENT LOGISTICS 8-1
9.0 EQUIPMENT CLEANING AND RETURN PROCEDURES 9-1
10.0 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 10-1
11.0 DATA ACCESS 11-1
12.0 LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 12-1
13.0 LABORATORY CONSIDERATIONS 13-1
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
For a variety of reasons, field sampling has become more complicated both
technically and administratively. Uniform procedures for field sampling
activities are needed to:
Provide data of known quality for making environmental decisions or
taking enforcement action,
Make efficient use of the available laboratory capacity,
Reduce problems created by improper sample handling procedures.
The Region 10 Field Sampler Training Course is intended to aquaint EPA
samplers with the important elements for successful field sampling. This
course emphasizes the general procedural aspects of sampling common to all
programs administered by EPA. Other training references must be consulted
for specific sampling techniques and statistical sample plan design.
The information provided in the Field Sampler Training Course is part of
a larger training program for EPA field inspectors covering administrative,
technical, legal and communications aspects of field sampling, inspection and
compliance activities. The modules of the Inspector Training Program that are
included in this Field Sampler Training Course are highlighted in Figure 1.1.
EPA samplers may also want to participate in other elements of the Inspector
Training Program.
The material is presented in the logical sequence of a typical sampling
exercise as shown in the table of contents. The course is intended to present
the proper procedures and to explain the reasons for the procedures. The
manual can be used as a reference to remind you of the critical elements of
a field sampling project. It is not, however, intended to be a comprehensive
treatise on field sampling.
Each section of the manual is numbered and dated. Revised sections will
be distributed when any significant change is made. If at any time you have
questions related to proper sampling procedures, please contact the appropriate
person listed by each topic on the agenda on the Chief of the Field Operations
and Technical Support Branch, Environmental Services Division.
1-1 5/86
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Basic Training Program
for Region 10 Compliance Inspectors
Training for Inspectors
^Laboratory/Field
/Data
^Access
Confidential
Business
Information
Finance
Considerations
Basic
Photography
Overview of
Environmental
Statues
Time
Accounting
Considerations
Criminal vs.
Civil
Investigations
^Field Equipment
jAnd
^Supplies
Case
Development
Procedures
Employee
Conduct
Safety
Training
Witness
Guidelines
Technical
Report
Writing
Relationship Between
EPA & State/
Local Inspectors
Dealing with
the Media &
Public
A dministra t/on
Technical
Legal
Communication
Figure 1.1
1-2
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What Is Quality Assurance ?
The Environmental Protection Agency is a regulatory agency, an enforcement
predicated organization, and as such, all data generated or used by EPA must be of
known, defensible, and verifiable documented quality. This is a matter of agency
policy, as expressed in EPA Order 5360.1, and as such should be viewed as an integral
requirement of all data gathering activities.
We're all familiar with QC; it is (or should be) a normal part of good field and
laboratory practice. It is the "built ins" included in methods to be sure we're getting
the data we want. QC includes all of the procedures applied to data collection and
generation activities in order to achieve and maintain a desired level of data quality as
established by Agency and Program Managers. The desired level of data quality should
be based on the intended use of the data. Therefore the QC should include all of the
technical controls utilized, i.e. sampling and analytical methods, use of blanks,
replicate and duplicate samples, inclusion of performance or standard samples, standard
curves and statistics, etc. The controls start with the design of the data acquisition
project and carry through to the ultimate data reporting and completion of all of the
documentation of the use of these controls.
QA, on the other hand, refers to the procedures used by the management to assure
that the QC is what is required and that it is being adhered to at any point on the
project. QA constitutes the overview and monitoring processes designed to be sure that
the quality of the data generated meets the desired levels as established by the
management. These controls include establishing data quality objectives bused on the
intended use of the data, the institution of procedures for formalizing planning
documents prior to the initiation of data collection activities, and the use of audits to
identify problems in QC.
The headquarters Quality Assurance Management Staff (QAMS) and the Regional
Quality Assurance Management Office (RQAMO) has been working with individual
program managers, field specialists, and the Office of Regional Counsel to develop
program specific QA guidance materials. These are intended to aid the regional
monitoring programs in developing their site specific Quality Assurance Project Plans
(QAPs).
We hope to reduce the paperwork, but we also want to make sure that the whole
program team is involved and understands why they are doing' what they are doing when
monitoring and gathering environmental data. We feel that resource expenditure for
sound QA at the front end of a project will more than pay for time and resources
utilized at the end. As professionals, we cannot condone never having enough time to
do a job right, but always having enough time to do it over. With this philosophy in
mind, let's review the QA program required elements, and illustrate them with some of
the RQAMO's guidance material.
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The Region 10 Format addresses the following' elements:
• Project Description and Site Location: This element documents the
WHAT, WHERE and part of the WHY of the project being conducted.
This will include some of the history and the justification for the
project and deals witli the physical aspects defining the project area,
space, and environmental concerns requiring the generation of data.
• Project Measurement Objectives: Here we "zero in" on the
information we need as professionals to meet the requirements of the
project. These may be clearly defined by regulatory specification, or
may be based on enforcement needs requiring investigative procedures
developed scientifically to address one particular site or type of
problem. Ideally, this is a joint decision of both the field investigator
and the project manager if they are different individuals.
• Sample Rationale and Network Design: This is the description of HOW
you decided to take the samples or measurements WHERE you are
going to take them. Such decisions (rationale) are site related, but
the mechanisms of selecting the actual sample points (network) is a
mixture applied statistics, regulatory requirement, enforcement needs
and, most important, COMMON SENSE.
• Analyses Rationale: This is presented as a matrix to help the
preparer(s) of the QAP document the regulatory required information
relevant to analytical methods. Remember, the analyses of a sample
really starts with the designation and preparation of the sample
container, and the statistical evaluation of some elements of quality
are time and consistency dependent, hence the holding time and
preservation factors. This section starts the real "paper trail" which
we hope will make clear to the planners and anyone later in the
process the physical accountability of the project. Here, for the first
time in the process, some of the field QC samples normally used are
designated as QA samples, and so listed.
• Data Quality Objectives: Actually, the majority of these elements we
are discussing are Data Quality Objectives; by breaking them down
into discrete steps we can avoid overlooking any of them. This
particular section is another matrix essential to the QA process, but
also helpful to the planners and their successors. They list what
elements, compounds, classes of compounds, and/or physical data
required for the needs of the project. Tied to this is listed the method
the planners have chosen (usually from experience, consultation with
the laboratory, or because of regulatory requirement) to best generate
the type of data desired and help ensure data comparability. The
method listed usually spells out the Detection Limit, and should help
define the Precision and Accuracy for the total mensurmcnt system or
at least for the analyses specified. The Completeness information lets
the planner define the actual amount of the data generated, and be
certain that sufficient data is acquired to satisfy the plan and its
validity.
'2-'
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This completeness information provides a built in control to be sure
that the actual samples taken are analyzed and reported, or that their
loss results in a corrective action. All of the DQO's are used to be
sure the data is representitive of the conditions on site, and results
should be expressed in terms or units comparable witli previously
collected data.
Sample Procedures to be used: This section keys the planner and the
sampler to a clearer agreement of the positions stated in the Project
Measurement Objectives and the Sample Rationale and Network
Derivation sections. It should provide a meeting ground for
professional understanding ot" both technical and management special
considerations. It should provide any reviewer at any point in time
basic information about the physical acquisition of the samples.
Sample Custody and Documentation: This is the very core of the
"paper trail". At the minimum, this section should meet the recording
and documentation requirements authorizing the specific project. This
does not mean we do not perform the most conscientious and
professional job we can on a given project, but that we also have to
assume additional duties to document what we have done. Hopefully,
this QA planning format will make this easier.
One very important point to remember about the Sample
Documentation and Chain of Custody requirements of the QA planning
process: They are designed to protect you as a potential witness, and
your credibility as u professional, [f this is accomplished, then the
credibility and litigutional position of the agency is greatly
strengthened. It could be three years or more for some litigational
processes to pass before you might be called as a witness. You will
need every document you can get your hands on to refresh your
memory or establish that you acted in a professional manner,
according to the normal conduct of your business.
Calibration Procedures and Frequency: This element deals primarily
with physical measurements in the field and the laboratory, [t may be
dealt with best by encouraging the use of Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP), (as is done in the Laboratory) in the field. Such an
SOP would define calibration and standardization procedures, required
frequency, and operational checks (zero and span adjusments) etc. It
is also the place to list acceptable deviations, or cite alternate
approved methods. Field expedients are acceptable, provided they do
not compromise data required by a regulation, are technically sound,
and are completely documented.
Preventative Maintenance: Really an extension of above, but more
concerned with the instruments used and documenting their consistent
condition. This section could best be satisfied if both Lab and Field
Instruments were covered in an SOP listing manufacturer's operational
and maintenance recommendations.
5/81 i
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Laboratory Data Reduction/QA Review: In this section, the planner of
the project can designate what degree of QA effort each involved
element of a project would require. Normally, the Laboratory QA
review will classify the laboratory data by evaluating' the QC/QA
sample results for checking the Precision, Accuracy, Completeness
and other objectives defined by the QAP or other supporting or cited
QA documents.
Field Data Reduction/QA Review: In this section, the planner and the
field technical professionals should detail the degree of operational
procedures to be used on physical measurements taken in the field.
Use of blank, duplicate,or check samples, sampler/recorder to verify
each other's observations, retention of read-out or analog charts,
photographs, self-check by entering observations (where applicable) on
both the Field Data Sheet and in a Field Log or Notebook, all are
examples of the type of information required here.
System and Performance Audits: In this section, the project planners
or their management may request or specify a variety of audits. The
QAO can supply standard QC materials for project specific
performanc evaluation (PE) type audits, and can conduct in depth
Management System Audits (MSA), Technical System Audits (TSA) and
Document System Audits (DSA) at either the field, laboratory or
office level. Alternately, an audit may be scheduled by the RQAIVTO,
ESD peer review, or externally by ORC, NEIC, EMSL, etc.
QA Report to Management: Normally, RQAMO will review data
packages in cooperation with laboratory staff, or project managers.
Any audit performed will result in a complete report to the
appropriate management, and in the event of a corrective action being
required, will result in additional documentation of the solution sought
and reached or action taken.
Corrective Action: This is the element which allows a great degree of
flexibility in meeting QA/QC requirements when actually conducting
field operations in the real world. If, in your professional opinion, you
cannot perform the field operation as described in this plan, even
through no fault of your own, you can exercise your training, ability,
and professional innovateivness to generate the data required. If an
auditor sees a need for a different approach, if another investigator
sees a related problem not addressed in the plan, if a legal point
arises, you can add or subtract samples or other activities, provided
you document your changes and reasons for the actions on a form, such
as that appended to our model QAP. You will have to justify why,
after the fact, but if you had sufficient cause to deviate from the
plan, you should have no problem with use of a the Corrective Action
Checklist.
Sample Alterations: The same philosophy applies to use of this
Checklist, but is aimed more at the actual measuring or analyzing
protocols used both in the field and in the Laboratory. They arc both
verifiable points on the paper trail, supplying defensible reasons for
deviating from a plan, and'tracking changes in the amount of da.ta
generated for a specific plan.
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0/8 (i
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• Safety: This is tecluu'cally a part of the QA plan, hut this section can
be used to cite Regional or Agency plans acceptable to the Regional
Safety Officer. Any deviation from accepted Regional or Agency
Safety Protocols must be defined in a separate Site or Project Safety
Plan approved by the Regional Safety Officer.
Again, the RQAMO, in cooperation with program staff personnel, have developed
comprehensive guidance packages for meeting the QA requirements of specific
programs. I would stress the fact that these are Program specific GUIDANCE, and as
such contain a variety of material, not all of which would be applicable to one
particular site specific Quality Assurance Plan. Remember, the desired level of data
Quality should be based on the intended use of the data. The planner can extract from
the guidance that level of QA dictated by the needs of the specific project. The
RQAMO would like to see the Project Officers develop their site specific QA Plans, and
will cooperate and assist in the development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
for specific operations like NPDES, PCB Inspections, etc..
We have included in the packages a suggested format for individual QAP's, which
also serves as a tracking/scheduling document for the sampling and analysis phases of
an investigation or inspection. We would appreciate, for the purposes of reviewing and
assisting the preparers of QAP's, that the order of information follow the outline of this
format, and include the first page containing the sign-off information critical to the
scheduling.
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QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
Project Name:
Project Manager:
Field Operations:
QA Office Concurrence:
ESD Peer Review:
Project No.:
Laboratory Designated:
Sample Numbers assigned: from _
Sample Schedule and Milestones:
Activity/Date: / /
_Date:
Date:
Account No.:
EPA
CLP
to
Private
Reports required:
Sample Management Contrpl Center_
Date:
Project Description and Site Location:
Project Measurement Objectives (Intended use of data):
Sample rationale and network derivation:
(2-KV5/8I)
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Analyses Rationale:
# of Parameter QA Matrix Container Holding Preservation
Samples Time
Data Quality Objectives:
Parameter Method Detection Precision Accuracy Completeness
Limits
Sample procedures to be used:
Sample Custody and Documentation:
Calibration Procedures and Frequency:
Preventative Maintenance:
If, for any reason, the schedules or procedures above cannot be followed, the appropriate
person must complete a "Sample Alteration Checklist" for each element changed and have
it (them) verified and reviewed by the Project Manager and the QA Officer/Peer Review.
(See page 5)
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Laboratory Data Reduction / QA Review:
Field Data Reduction/QA Review:
Reports (as deliverable or required):
System and Performance Audits:
Scheduled: Conducted:
Corrective Action: (IF YES, COMPLETE CORRECTIVE ACTION CHECKLIST AND/OR
SAMPLE ALTERATION FORMS, Appendix R.)
QA Report to Management:
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Safety:
-4-
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SAMPLE ALTERATION CHECKLIST
Project Name and Number:
Material to be sampled:
Measurement Parameter:
Standard Procedure for Field collection & Laboratory Analysis (cite references):
Reason for change in Field Procedure or Analytical Variation:
Variation from Field or Analytical Procedure:
Special Equipment, Materials, or Personnel Required:
Initiators Name: Date:
Project Approval: Date:
Laboratory Approval: Date:
QA Officer/Reviewer: Date:
Sample Control Center: ___ Date:
- 5 -
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CORRECTIVE ACTION CHECKLIST
Project Name and Number:
Sample Dates Involved:
Measurement Parameter(s):
Acceptable Data Range:
Problem Areas Requiring Corrective Action:
Measures Required to Correct Problems:
Means of Detecting Problems and Verifying Correction:
Initiators Name: Date:
Project Approval: Date:
Laboratory Approval: Date:
QA Officer/Reviewer: Date:
Sample Control Center: Date:
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3.0 REGIONAL SAMPLE CONTROL CENTER
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Major Responsibilities
3.3 Procedures for reserving laboratory space
3.4 Priorization of samples at the EPA Laboratory
3.5 Obtaining a project code, lab numbers and lab space
3.6 After samples are shipped / Calling in shipping information
3.7 Bard data
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REGIONAL SAMPLE CONTROL CENTER
3.1 Introduction
The Regional Sample Control Center (RSCC) is located in the Field
Operations and Technical Support Branch of the Environmental
Services Division. The basic objectives of the RSCC are to:
- maximize the utility of Regional Laboratory support
resources including the EPA Lab and the National
Contract laboratory Programs, and
- provide timely and accurate laboratory support to all
regional environmental programs.
3.2 Major Responsibilities
The RSCC's major responsibilities include:
- Ensuring that Regional administrative procedures
(i.e., an approved QA plan prior to sampling) are
adhered to.
- Providing to Headquarters sample demand estimates
and updates for the Superfund and RCRA programs.
- Coordinating and tracking the Quality Assurance review
of Contract laboratory data.
- Gathering sampling projections for the EPA Lab from
all Programs.
- Reserving lab space and making Lab arrangements for
the analysis of samples at the EPA lab and contract
labs.
- Providing sample priority information to the Manchester lab.
- Coordinating the entry of contract lab data with the
Manchester Lab.
- Assisting the Quality Assurance Office in performing QA audits.
- Providing data (several outputs are available) to Project Officers.
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REGIONAL SAMPLE CONTROL CENTER
3.3 Procedure For Reserving Laboratory Space
- Each month Programs and Operations Offices are asked, by the the
RSCC, for their Laboratory support needs for the coming month.
- Superfund requests for Laboratory support should be given to the RSCC
as soon as possible. Routine contract lab work is scheduled the Tuesday
before the week of sampling. Special Analytical Services requests
require 2-3 weeks advance notice.
- Programs are encouraged to give the RSCC as much advance notice as
possible for longer range lab needs.
- The RSCC maintains'a master, long range calendar of upcoming laboratory
support necessary. Last minute, non-emergency requests for lab support
will be honored to the extent possible.
- If analyses of special or non-routine parameters are to be performed
by the EPA Lab or the CLP this information should be given to the RSCC
as soon as possible for scheduling and coordination with the EPA Lab or
the Sample Management Office.
- Project Officers should inform the RSCC of any changes in the sampling
plans (i.e., sampling is delayed) and why immediately. Contract lab
space must be cancelled or rescheduled as scon as possible once the
plans have changed. Headquarters also tracks closely the Region's useage
of the CLP.
3.4 Priorization of samples at the EPA, Manchester Lab
A request for sample priorization is sent out by the RSCC to the Program
Section Chiefs twice a month. The Program is asked to prioritize their
projects or indicate if there are any samples which require a high priority.
High priority samples are usually those where there is a public health
threat or the data is needed quickly for an enforcement or legal action.
The maximum recommended sample holding time for the scheduled analyses is
also a factor which the Lab will consider. If no priority information
is received samples are analyzed on a first-in-first-out basis. The
goal is to have a 30-45 day turnaround on all samples, however, the
turnaround time may increase when the Lab is performing more complicated
or non-routine analyses.
Project Officers should inform the RSCC of samples which will be high
priority in advance (before the samples are collected). The RSCC may
ask the Project. Officer to consider rescheduling if a quick turnaround
is not possible due to a large Lab Backlog or other samples requiring
a quick turnaround. All efforts will be made to respond to the Program's
needs. Contact the RSCC to change the priority of samples between
sample priorization request periods.
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REGIONAL SAMPLE CONTROL CENTER
3.5 Obtaining a Project cede, lab numbers and lab space
Before laboratory space is provided an approved Quality Assurance plan or,
in the case of a TSCA inspection, a PCB inspection plan, must be provided
to the RSCC. However, as soon as a Project Officer knows of upcoming
sampling the RSCC should be informed. This early notification is necessary
so that lab space can be reserved.
Once the QA plan is approved and a Lab is assigned the applicable codes
will be issued to the Project Officer. Necessary paperwork for field
documentation can also be obtained through the RSCC.
3.6 After samples are shipped
After the samples are shipped to the Manchester lab, the lab should be called
with the number of samples shipped and the expected arrival date. If the Lab
cannot be reached call the RSCC. On samples going to a contract lab, either
the RSCC or the Sample Management Office should be called with the shipping
information (i.e., airbill number, number and matrix of samples, and receiving
Lab).
3.7 Hard Data
Once all analyses are completed by the EPA lab the data is sent automatically
by the RSCC to the designated Project Officer. If partial data retrievals
are desired the Project Officer can inform the RSCC of this at the time the
Lab is assigned.
Contract Lab data is now being entered into the Laboratory Management System;
the main database for analytical results. After the data packages are
quality assured and the data stored and verified in the database; ccrnputerized
outputs will be sent to the Project Officers. The entering of CLP data
is still a relatively new procedure. Initially, Project Officers may
still receive some data in memo form.
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4.0 Sample Equipment Assembly
4.1 Equipment and Supply Requisition
a. Complete Field Supply List (see page 4-2) and submit it to Andy Hess
to request field supplies, sampling containers, blank water and safety gear.
b. Attached is a copy of the Field Supply List with the recommended sample
containers for the Manchester Lab listed on the back.
c. Refer to the Equipment Tracking System catalog (available from John Osborn,
Rene Fuentes, Paul Boys, Billie Lee, Dave Turpening, Bob Burd, and Dave Bueker
for lists of available supplies and equipment.
d. Allow adequate time for preparation and shipment.
4.2 Sample of Equipment and Supplies Available
Air Equipment
Air pumps
Air sample bags
Wind system recorder
Flow meter
Temperature meter
Thermal desorber
Biological Equip.
Fish shocker
Benthic samplers
Plankton samplers
Benthic respirometer
Van Dorn samplers
Kemmers
Live fish holders
Clothes
Rubber boots
Chest waiders
Hip waiders
Rain gear
Gloves-neoprene,'
& disposable
Cotton coveralls
Disposable tyvek
coveralls
Boot covers
Hardhats
Communication
2-way radios
Remic headsets
Megaphone
Air horn
Vehicles & Boats
4x4 Van & Truck
Van with raised roof
16' Boston Whaler
24' Monark with winch
17' Smokercraft
Electroshocking boat
Soil Sample Equip.
Hand auger
Mobile drills
Dredges
Coring devices
Shovels, etc.
Disposable wood
tongue depressors
Sieves
Stainless spatulas
Piston corer
Ground Water Equip.
Water level indicator
Bailers
Electrical logger
Resistivity meter
Gamma-ray logger
Well point sampler
Hydrolab (4" diem.)
Hydrologic monitor
Proton magnetometer
Submersible pump
Peristoltic pump
Miscellaneous
Survey equipment
Rangefinder
Camping gear
Buckets .
Carboys
Fire extinguisher
Fence posts
Generator
Multimeter
Power inverter
Rain gauges
Tools
Metal Detector
Steam cleaner
Flashlights
Chart recorder
4-1
Hazardous/Safety Equip.
Combustable gas &
oxygen alarm
Conbustable gas indicator
Draeger detector & tubes
Dosimeter
Encapsulated suits
Respirators & cartridges
Escape masks
Explosimeter
Eye and face wash
First aid kit
HMu •photoionizer
SCBA's & air cylinders
Organic Vapor Analyzer
Radiation detector
Resuscitator
Sound level meter
Surface Water Equip.
Alpha sampling bottles
Current meters
Suspended Sed. samples
Chlorine test kit
Conductivity meter
Depth finder
DO meter
pH meters
Dye, florescent
ISCO sampers
Manning flowmeters
Hydrolabs
Horiba Water tester
Imhoff cones
Salinometer
Sechi discs
Tele-thermcneter
Thermographs
Thermaneters
Turbidimeter
Drum thieves
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region 10 - Seattle
FIELD SUPPLY LIST
Dins
Field Sample Data
& Chain of Custody Sheet
Analysis Required Sheets
Custody Tape
Chain of Custody Sheet
Priority Pollutants - Organics Oxygen Demand, Solids & Nutrients
Physical & General Inorganics & Ion Chroratograph Metals
Containers
1 gal
1/2 gal
__ 32 oz.
16 oz.
General Supplies
Glass Jars
Cubitainers
C-Free
C-Free
C-Free
C-Free
8 oz.
4 oz.
120ml vial
40ml VQA
C-Free
C-Free
C-Free
C-Free
1 qt(lLT
1 gal
2+ gal
other
Deion/Dist
Deion/Dist
Deion/Dist
Sample Labels
Label Tape
Lab Markers
Strapping Tape
Shipping Labels
Roll Paper Towels/Kimwipes
Plastic Bags, size
Tags & Rubber Bands
Rite-in-the-Rain Notebook
Empty Ice Chests
Duct Tape
Flashlight
Measuring Tape
Detergent
Washwater
other - .
Protective Clothing and Gear
Neoprene Gloves, size
Disposable Vinyl Gloves, size_
Boot covers, size
Rubber boots (steel toe), size
Rain gear, size :
Jacket,
Pants,
Overalls
Hard Hat
Goggles/Face Shield
Respirator cartridge/canister:
specify type
Tyvek Coveralls, size
Cotton Coveralls, size
Waiders,Hip/Chest, size
First Aid Kit
other
Sample Collection Gear
Sediment
other
Disposable wood spatulas
Hand Trowel/Shovel
Hand Coring Device
Hand Auger
Dredge
Power Drilling Rig
Meters/Detectors
pH; __
HNU,
pH paper;
Conductivity;
10.2ev.,
Water/Liquid
Automatic Water Sampler (ISCO)
Peristaltic Pump
Bailer
Van Dorn/Kemmer Bottle
Drum Thief
Bucket/Scoop with long handle
other
Temperature;
OVA;
Turbidity;
CGI/Oxygen;
Multiparameter
Current
Thermometer,°C/°F; Detector Tubes, specify
other
Requestor:
Sample Location:
Return to Andy Hess, M/S LAB, 442-0370
Phone:
Date Required:
Account Number:
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OTHER ITEMS AND ACCOUNTABLE ITEMS WITH EPA DECAL NUMBERS:
Sample volumes and containers required by the EPA Manchester Lab for certain analyses
are shown below. This information is intended as a guide only. It is recommended
that the Laboratory be contacted when determining the proper sample containers.
Parameter and Matrix
Base/Neutral/Acid - Water
Pesticides - Water
Base/Neutral/Acid/Pesticides - Sediment
Volatile Organics - Water
Volatile Organics - Sediment
PCB - Oil
PCB - Water
PCB - Sediment
Herbicides - Water
Herbicides - Sediment
Oil and Grease - Water
Oil and Grease - Sediment
Cyanide - Water
Phenols - Water
Metals - Water
Cyanide/Phenols/Metals - Sediment
Total Organic Halides (TOX) - Water
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) - Water
Ignitability - Liquid (60 mis required)
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - Water
Size and Type of Container
1 gallon glass
1/2 gallon glass '(wide mouth)
8 ounce glass
2 40 ml glass vials
8 ounce glass
16 or 40 ml glass vial
1/2 gallon glass
8 ounce glass
1/2 gallon glass
8 ounce glass
1/2 gallon glass
8 ounce glass
1 quart cubitainer
1 quart glass
1 quart cubitainer
8 ounce glass
1 quart glass
1 quart cubicainer
4 or 8 ounce glass
1 gallon cubitainer
4-3
-------
5.0 ELEMENTS OF FIELD SAMPLING
This course is not intended to go into any significant detail on the
technical procedures for sampling. Each program has reference manuals or
guidance documents which provide this type of information. In this section
only a brief listing of some of the general sampling considerations will be
mentioned. The point is to stimulate the sampler/project officer to give
sufficient thought to the particular sampling techniques that may be needed for
the planned project. Several sampling considerations which need to be included
in the planning are listed below.
5.1 REPRESENTATIVENESS
0 Space and time
0 Grab or composite
0 What will the sample result be compared with or used for
5.2 CONTAMINATION
0 Take care not to cross-contaminate samples
0 Use disposable sampling utensils whenever possible
0 Pre-rinse cubitainers with the water from the sample source, if appropriate
5.3 IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS
0 Insure proper calibration of the instrument prior to performing the measurement
(and afterwards, if appropriate)
0 Record the instrument range/span/or gain settings used at the time of measurement
5.4 VOLUME OF SAMPLE COLLECTED
0 Consider the amount needed to perform the requested analyses (see page 4-3),
but remember that the lab prefers not to have much residual sample volume
for hazardous waste samples (ie. soil analysis requires about 6 ounces)
0 VOA, 02, pH, C02, H2S, NH3, free chlorine, SO2, and hardness samples must
completely fill the container
0 Allow 10% ullage for all other samples or overpack into a larger container
5.5 SAMPLE COLLECTION DEVICES/TECHNIQUES
0 Refer to the ESD Equipment Tracking System listing for available sampling
equipment (or call Andy Hess at 2-0370)
0 Go prepared for several alternative sampling approaches
0 Refer to program specific sampling manuals and guidance manuals
5-1 5/86
-------
6.0 FIELD DOCUMENTATION
-------
FIELD SAMPLE DATA AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY SHEET (FSDCOCS)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Project Code & Account Mo
Name / Location
Project Officer
Notes
Samplers
Recorder
Examples
Source Code
Matrix
Number of Containers
Lab Number
Station Number
Date/Time
Ending Date/Time
Type
Frequency
Station Description
Codes
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
Obtain from Joyce Crosson 442-8562
As appropriate.
Name of person who should receive lab data.
Usually person collecting samples.
Check appropriate box
Use for comments.
List names
Signature of person completing the FSDCOCS
See Back of FSDCOCS
As appropriate
Enter number
Obtain from Joyce Crosson before sampling
Note 4 digit sequence number
STORET station number (If available)
Military time
For composite samples -- beginning date/time of
first aliquot
Date/Time of last aliquot
See back of FSDCOCS
T - Time Aliquots taken at set frequency
S - Space — Grabs over an area
F - Flow -- Variable time intervals
B - SST
See back of FSDCOCS
Be specific
See back of FSDCOCS
Document POSSESSION of samples en route to
Region 10 laboratory.
If sent to another lab via common carrier, sign
in "DISPATCHED BY" box.
(In many cases, samples are brought to the Region 10 office and picked up by
someone for delivery to lab. In this case, the intermediate person should
sign in "RECEIVED BY" box and also when RELINQUISHING the sample to the lab or
when samples are DISPATCHED via common carrier to some other laboratory.)
6-1
5/86
-------
EPA n^fan 10
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FIELD S^&QPLE DATA AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY SHEET
D Enforcement/Custody
Project Code:TEC-O94 A AccountrTlFA. Id PC Q Possible Toxic/Hazardous Notes:
Too
Name/Location:
Xv\c
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D Data Confidential
D Data for Storet
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-------
ANALYSIS REQUEST SHEETS
These forms must be used when submitting samples to the EPA Laboratory.
Analysis request sheets are available from Joyce Crosson or the laboratory.
Examples are shown for the available Analysis Request Sheets.
1 Project Name Enter Project Name
2 Project Code Enter Code
3 Account Code Enter Code
4 Sample Numbers Enter 8 digit EPA lab number
5 Matrix Codes Circle as appropriate
6-3 5/86
-------
EPA Region 10 Laboratory
Analyses Required
Project Name:
Matrix Codes (circle one only!
PHYSICAL &
NERAL INORGANICS AND
ION CHROMATOGRAPH
_ Project Code:~TcC~
Account
Code:' J f^A,
11 Water-Dissolved
40 Sediment/Soil
45 Semi-Solid/Sludge
46 Sediment for EP Toxicity
70 Tissue
80 Oil/Solvent
00 Other
Sample Numbers
'Analy/CoiTi
Init/Date
• Physical & General
Inorganics WG (101
Turbidity TURB
pH (Lab) pH
Conductivity COND
Total Alkalinity T ALK
Total Hardness T HARD
Bicarbonate HC03
Calcium Ca
Carbonate C03
Chloride Cl
Fluoride F
Sulfate S04-TOT
Sulfide S
Cyanide CN
Acidity Acidity
Hardness CaC03
Color Color
Ion Chromatograph WG 1801
Calcium Ca
Chloride Cl
Cyanide CN
Fluoride - F
Magnesium Mg
Potassium K
Sodium Na
Sulfate S04
Nitrate N03
Nitrite N02
Ortho Phosphorous 0-Phos.
x
x
,
Save samples after analysis? NONE, SOME or ALL. nr SOME, circle sample numbers.)
Special detection limits and comments: , ,
Project Officer Signature
Date
EPA X-93 Lab Copy
6-4
5/86
-------
Region 10 Laboratory
Analyses Required
reject Name:
ft BO
OXYGEN DEMAND, SOLIDS AND NUTRIENTS
Project Code:T€'C'*Q91/ /T
Codes torc/e one only)
^Water-Total
TTWater-Dissolved
/ 0 Sediment/Soil
5 Semi-Solid/Sludge
' 6 Sediment for EP Toxicity
0 Tissue
0 Oil/Solvent
10 Other
'Analy/Comp
Init/Date
^Oxygen Demand & Carbon WG 1181
Bio. Oxygen Demand BOD/5 day
Bio. Oxygen Demand BOD/20 day
Bio. Oxygen Demand BOD/60 day
Bio. Oxygen Demand
(5-day) Carbonaceous BOD/5 day-C
Chem. Oxygen Demand COD
Total Organic Carbon TOC
Solids WG (15)
Total Dissolved TDS
Total Sus. Solids SS
Total Solids TS
Volatile TVS
Volatile Suspended TVSS
Settleable Solids SetSlds
% Total Solids % Tot
% Volatile Solids % V Slds
Grain Size Grn Siz
Nutrients WG fZOI
Ammonia NH3
•Nitrate N03
•Nitrite N02
Nitrate + Nitrite N03 + N02
Kjeldahl Kjel-N
Total Phosphorous T-Phos
Dissolved Phosphorous D-Phos
'Ortho Phosphorous 0-Phos
Dissolved Orth. Phos. D-0 Phos
x
X
X
X
X
y
* Parameters may also be analyzed via the Ion Chromatograph workgroup methodology.
Save samples after analysis? NONE, SOME or ALL. t/f SOME, circle sample numbers.)
Special detection limits and comments:.
Project Officer Signature
Dare
PA X-94 Lab C
6-5
5/86
-------
EPA Region 10 Laboratory
Analyses Required
MIETALl!
Project Name:
Matrix Codes (circle one only)
11 Water-Dissolved
40 Sediment/Soil
45 Semi-Solid/Sludge
46 Sediment for EP Toxicity
70 Tissue
80 Oil/Solvent
. Project Code:
.Account Code:
Sample Numbers
Me
We
We
tals (circle WG H
rkgroupCjQJ Standard Method
jrkgroup 34 - EP Toxicity Method
Aluminum Al
Antimony Sb
Arsenic As
Barium Ba
Beryllium Be
Boron B
Cadmium Cd
Calcium Ca
Chromium Cr
Chromium Hexavalent Cr + 6
Cobalt Co
Copper Cu
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
Magnesium Mg
Manganese Mn
Mercury Hg
Molybdenum Mo
Nickel Ni
Potassium K
Selenium Se
Silver Ag
Silicon Si
Sodium Na
Thallium Tl
Vanadium V
Zinc Zn
k
X
X
X
X
*
X
j^
x
x
x
t
X
x
y
x
Analy/Comp
I nit/ Date
Save samples after analysis? NONE, SOME or ALL. /if SOME, cMe sample numbers.!
Special limits, methods and comments:.
Project Officer Signature
EPA X-92 Lab Copy
6-6
-------
j£PA Region 10 Laboratory
Analyses Required
^Project Name:.
^Matrix Codes Icircle one on/yl
^Water-Total
hi Water-Dissolved
(40 Sediment/Soil
45 Semi-Solid/Sludge
46 Sediment for EP Toxicity
70 Tissue
80 Oil/Solvent
00 Other
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS - ORGANICS
Project Coded£LrO$rf_&
Analy/Comp
GC/MS Organic Scans
68 Base/ Neutrals/ Acids B/N/A
62 Base/ Neutrals Only 8/N
51 Volatile Organics VOA
65 Acids Only Acid
Specific (GC/MS) Organics List Below
GC Organic Scans
71 Pesticide/PCB's Pest/PCB
74 PCB's Only PCB
54 Purgeable Halocarbons Purg
53 Trihalomethanes Tribal
73 Herbicides Herb
70 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
70 Organophosphate Pesticides
Specific (GC) Organics List Below
Specific Organics ai
Other Miscellaneous
67 PolyAromHydro (HPLC)PAH
40 Oil Identification Oil-Id
40 Phenolics (AAP) Phenol
40 Oil & Grease Oil & Greas
40 Flashpoint Flashpt
<
X
*r
tc
Save samples after analysis? NONE, S
Special detection limits and comments.
<
X
X
X
••
OME Or ALL. Ill SOME, circle sample numbers.)
i*ro/ect Ulticer Signavjre uate
PAX-91 Lab C. 6-7 5/86
-------
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETION OF ORGANICS TRAFFIC REPORT
This form is used only when:
A.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
B.
Routine Analytical Services (RAS) from a contract lab are
required
Both RAS and Special Analytical Services are required
(If only SAS are required, an SAS Packing List is used rather
than an OTR.)
When OTR is completed — KEEP PINK copy for EPA files
Send WHITE ORIGINAL to Sample Management
Office
Send WHITE COPY+YELLOW to Contract Lab
Case Number
Sample Site Name/Code
Concentration
Matrix
Ship To
Regional Office
Sample Type
Shipping Information
Sample Description
Sample Location
Special Handling
Enter the Case Number - usually 4-digits
and/or the SAS Number - usually 4-digits
followed by a "J" for Region 10.
Enter name of Facility or Project associated
with samples
Environmental samples usually are LOW
concentration. This should be determined in
advance of the sampling activity since it
will affect handling and shipment.
As appropriate
Name of contract laboratory and contact
person
10
As appropriate
The peel-off labels are placed on the sample
jars and lids if space allows. Place labels
on jars and lids BEFORE sampling. Use the
appropriate peel off labels for the sample
analyses to be completed. These labels are
the only identification needed on the
bottles but in addition, sample tags may
also be filled out and attached to the
bottles if desired.
As requested
Check as appropriate
Enter the specific sampling location
Use this area for requesting the sample
analyses to be completed.
6-8
-------
ase Number:
nple Site Name/Code:
5£ =arKate V** Other (sn/ecify) -<
/
^
/
i
AnnroximJ
Total Volui . r ^ R
/ ^d.
^ /«/._.
1596
; J 1596
,T ^w.' J 1596
! J 1596
J 1596
© Sample
• Water
- Water
(Extract able)
• Water
• Water
(Extractable)
(VOA)
• Soil/Sediment
(Ext & VOA)
- Soil/Sediment
(Ext & VOA)
- Water
(Ext & VOA)
T 1 ^ Q fi - Vater
J 10yD (Ext & VOA)
^ecotffiWf £FFLtJ&Jr (&
® Special Handling Instructions: AAJAWS&
(e.g., safety precautsns. hajcrdc-'os nature) ' ' ^-3
SMOCOPY 6-9
5/86
-------
INORGANICS TRAFFIC REPORT
This form is USED when shipping samples to a CONTRACT laboratory for
analysis of INORGANICS.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
When completed --
Keep PINK
Send WHITE original to Sample Management Office
Send WHITE copy + YELLOW to contract lab
Case Number
Sample Site Name/Code
Concentration
Matrix
Ship to
Sampling Office
Shipping Info
Sample description
Mark Volume level
Peel-Off Labels
Enter case Number
Enter Station name/location
As appropriate — usually determined prior
to sampling
As appropriate
Name/address of Contract lab
As appropriate
Usually Federal Express — normally the
airbill number is not completed since forms
should be packed inside shipping containers
As appropriate
Use grease pencil if possible
Put a peel-off label on the LID and on the
BOTTLE. This is usually for Tasks 1 & 2.
Bottles and lids must be dry for labels to
adhere properly.' If Task 3 is required,
also use the Task 3 label in addition to the
Task 1 & 2 label.
6-10
-------
c
r*
Sample Number
MJ 0911
I) Case Number: \ OS"1
Sample Site Name/Code:
j) Sampling Office: ?£6l£K
Sampling Personnel:
(Name)
(Phone)
Sampling Date:
124:
(Begin)
+
(End)
Sample Description:
(Check One)
Surface Water
Ground Water
Leachate
Mixed Media
Solids
Other
SAMPLE CONCENTRATION
\t (Check One)
— Low Concentration
Medium Concentration
0 SAMPLE MATRIX
(Check One)
2S_ Water
Soil/Sediment
(s) Shipping Information:
Name Of Carrier:
Date Shipped:
Airbill Number:
EPFIOEKJT
(specify) ^_
1ATCHES ORGANIC SAMPLE NO.'
Mark Volume Level
On Sample Bottle
Check Analysis readied
Task 1 & 2
Task 3 Ammonia
Suffide
Cyanide
SMOCOPY
5 Ship To:
Attn:
Transfer
Ship To:
MJ 0 9 1 1 - Task 1 & 2
MJ 0 9 1 1 Task 1 & 2
MJ 0 9 1 1 Ta,k 5
Mj0911
MJ 0 9 1 1 - Task 3
MJ 0 9 1 1 - Task 3
MJ 0 9 1 1 Task 3
6-11
5/86
-------
PACKING LIST
This form is used only if:
* Special Analytical Services (SAS) are the only analytical services
that have been requested. It is MOT used if Routine Analytical Services
(RAS) or RAS + SAS are required.
When completed —
Keep YELLOW
Send WHITE to SMO
Send PINK + GOLD to Contract Lab
1 SAS
2 Sampling Office
Sampling Contact
Phone
Sampling Date
Date Shipped
Site Name Code
Ship To
Lab Contact
3 Sample Number
Concentration
Matrix
Sample Description
Enter the SAS number - obtain through Joyce
Crosson
Region 10
Project Officer
Project Officer phone
Sampling Date
Date Shipped
Leave blank or enter the project code number
obtained from Joyce Crosson
Name of Contract Lab
Name of person at Lab
Enter the EPA Region 10 lab number assigned on
the Field Sample Data and Chain of Custody Sheet.
(Note: all samples should be assigned a Region
10 lab number regardless of the analytical
laboratory.)
enter MEDIUM or LOW
(This will normally have been determined in
advance of the sampling)
Next enter SOIL, WATER, OR TISSUE
Complete Sample description
6-12
5/86
-------
J.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ILP Sample Management Office
'.O. Box 818 - Alexandria, Virginia 22313
'hone: 703/557-2490 - FTS/557-2490
SPECIAL ANALYTICAL SERVICE
PACKING LIST
SAS Number
\Z~34
Sampling Office:
?E6\OM 1O
Sampling Contact:
Jbu T)ooe»H
(name)
20&- 442-- I2oo
(phone)
Sampling Date(s):
IZ/7/84-
Date Shipped:
12/1/84-
/ /
Site Name/Code:
Ship To:
CawTfcACT LA a
NftME/ADfrfc^S
Attn: LAS CAVTKT
For Lab Use Only
Date Samples Rec'd:
Received By:
Sample
Numbers
i. 8449 Si sz
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Sample Description
i.e., Analysis, Matrix, Concentration
MEDIUM SOIL. ne*j- 4t>
Sample Condition on
Receipt at Lab
For Lab Use Only
White - SMO Copy, Yellow - Region Copy, Pink - Lab Copy for return to SMO, Gold - Lab Copy
6-13 ' 5/86
-------
DIOXIN SHIPMENT RECORD
This form is used when shipping samples for DIOXIN analysis at a contract
lab.
When completed --
1 Case Number
Batch Number
Site Number
City/State
EPA Site Number
Latitude/Longitude/Tier
Sampling Office
Sampling Contact
Data Turnaround
Sample Numbers
KEEP YELLOW
Send WHITE to SAMPLE MANAGEMENT OFFICE
Send PINK + GOLD to Contract Lab
Enter Case Number
Enter 1 -- If a second sheet is required
enter 2 on the second sheet. See SMO
version of instructions for this sheet for
more detail.
Leave Blank
Fill in only for National Dioxin Sampling
Program samples
10
Project Officer
Usually 40
sampling
days — determine prior to
Enter the number shown on the peel-off
labels. There should be 2 peel-off labels
with the same number. One goes on the LID,
the other on the BOTTLE.
Enter this number also on the Field Sample
Data and Chain of Custody Sheet.
6-14
-------
USEPA Contract Laboratory Program
Sample Management Office
P.O. Box 818 Alexandria, Virginia 22313
CASE NO: \0£"7 BATCH NO: j
FTS 8-557-2490 703/557-2490
CLP DIOXIN SHIPMENT RECORD
Site Name:
City & State:
XU(L
EPA Site No:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Tier 1234567
(circle one)
Sampling Office:
City & State:
Sampling Contact:
(name)
Sampling Date:
Data Turnaround:
15-Day 30-Day <*»
Ship To: i
LAS NJAMg
:-^"«^'%i??: DJ 0 0 4 6 01 -DIOXCT
•j-J/^?«jj:««'lji
$&$& DJU046 02
MATRIX
DESCRIPTION
AOO'L.
ANALYSIS
DJ 0046 05 -DIOXIN
DJ 0 0 4 6 06 -DIOXIN
(D
SAMPLE
NUMBERS
)$co4£>Ol
SOIL/
SEDIMENT
X
OTHER:
FIELD
SAMPLE
X
SAMPLE TO
DUPLICATE
SAMPLE TO
SPIKE
BLANK
EQUIPMENT
RINSATE
OTHER:
(SAS ONLY)
SPECIFY:
(SAS ONLV)
ii?^ DJ o 0 4 6 07 -DIOXIN
-•YiV-S DJ 0 0 4 6 08 -DIOXIN
K-ijfi DJ 0 0 4 6 09 -DIOXIN
V'iV^^
'/JSJ DJ0046 10 -DIOXIN
r>T5» DJ 0 0 4 6 11 -OIOXIN
^pij DJ 0 0 4 6 12 -DIOXIN
-3*."vj DJ 0 0 4 6 13 -DIOXIN
•-\-'&
'$?& DJ 0 0 4 6 14 -DIOXIN
k;;/Si DJ 0 0 4 6 15 -DIOXIN
>;£* .
i'ii-J? DJ 0 U 4 6 16 -DIOXIN
y?^"( DJ 0 0 4 6 17 -DIOXIN
*•'->'--'. ~. f\ ft A £
/§•.!.. DJ U (J 4 0 18 -DIOX1N
".Vv'j
I^'JA: DJ 0 0 4 6 19 -DIOXIN
,.::;^ DJ 0046 20 -DIOXIN
:;«*?' DJ 0 0 4 6 21 -DIOXIN
iCjf;
:4ii>i °J 0 0 4 6 22 -DIOXIN
c*Av DJ 0 0 4 6 23 -DIOXIN
:ii'^J DJ 0 0 4 6 24 -DIOXIN
WHITE— SMO Copy YELLOW— Region Copy PINK— Lab Copy lor Return to SMO GOLD— Lab Copy
6-15
5/86
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.AGENCY'
Contract Laboratory Program
SAMPLE MANAGEMENT OFFICE
MEMORANDUM
DATE: July 6, 198*
TO: Primary Regional Sample Control Center Contacts
FROM: Linda Haas j i ,1
Sample Management Office *J*s*-&4~ 777^^=—'
SUB3ECT: Dioxin Shipment Records
Attached please find a supply of the new Dioxin Shipment Records (DSR) and an
instruction document for distribution to the CLP users in your Region. The DSR replaces
the SAS Packing List which was used as an interim Dioxin Shipment Record. Use of the
SA5 Packing List for RAS Dioxins is to be discontinued at this time.
In addition to the DSR we will be supplying each Region with preprinted sample
labels. Each duplicate set of labels will consist of twenty-four (24) sample numbers
corresponding to a batch shipment (e.g., DA000101 through DA00012*). I hope to have
the labels ready for distribution in August.
If you or any of your users have questions about the use of the DSR, please feel
free to call me at telephone number FTS-557-2490, 703/557-2*90, or 703/6S3-0885.
cc: RSCC's (memo and one form)
Stan Kovell, CLP Program Manager
Fred Haeberer, CLP Project Officer
-Joan Fisk, CLP Project Officer
Ross Robeson, EMSL/LV
Rob Laidlaw, NEIC
Dick Thacker, SMO Deputy Project Manager
Maka Grogard, SMO Dioxin Coordinator
P.O. Box 818, Alexandria, Virginia 22313. Phone: (703) 557-2490/FTS-8-557-2490
6-16
-------
DIOXIN SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION
AND SHIPMENT INSTRUCTIONS
July 1984
Instructions for Completing DSR Form
A separate Dioxin Shipment Record (DSR) form is to be completed for each shipment of
samples to a laboratory. First, enter the Case number on the top right corner of the
DSR form, where indicated. The Case number is the identifying number that was
assigned by SMO at the time the sampling was scheduled. This is followed by the Batch
number, which is assigned by the sampler when samples are packed for shipment to the
laboratory(ies).
The Batch number represents represents one shipment of up to twenty-four (24)- samples
from one specific location to one laboratory on one day and is assigned sequentially. For
example, the first shipment of samples in a Case would be identified as Batch #1, the
second shipment would be Batch #2, etc. When sampling occurs over several days, care
must be taken not to repeat Batch numbers within the Case.
The use of Batch numbers allows for identification of groups of samples within a Case
that are shipped to different laboratories and/or that are shipped on different days. The
Batch number may also be used to signify a group of samples collected at a specific
location within the overall site perimeter, should the site encompass a large geographical
area.
Next, complete header information, excluding the areas on the top right of the form that
are set off by bold lines. These areas are for laboratory use.
Make sure to mark either 15-day or 30-day data turnaround requirement, indicating the
delivery terms arranged when scheduling the analyses with SMO.
6-17 5/86
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Along with the DSR forms, the Region has two sets of labels ^bearing sample numbers.
Two strips of labels containing the same series of 24 sample numbers are provided for
use in labeling the sample bottles and the outer metal cans in which samples are
packaged for shipment. The same numbered label must be placed on both the sample
bottle and the outer metal can. In order to protect the labels from water or solvent
attack, labels on both the sample container and the outer metal can should be covered
with clear, waterproof tape.
Enter the Sample numbers (from the labels) on the lower left side of the DSR form,
where indicated. Record all Sample numbers for samples included within the Batch
shipment. (Extra numbered labels from the original strips of 24 should be discarded and
new strips of labels should be used for the next Batch samples.)
For each sample, indicate sample matrix and description by checking the appropriate
box in each category. There is also a block for indicating that additional analysis under
Special Analytical Services is required for a sample. Check this block, if appropriate,
and specify type of additional analysis required. (Any additional analytical work must be
requested through SMO at the time sampling is scheduled, to ensure that proper
arrangements can be made in advance to accommodate the request.)
After completion of the SMO DSR form, the bottom two copies of the completed DSR
(pink and gold copies) are included with the sample shipment to the laboratory. The
DSRs, as well as chain-of-custody documentation accompanying the sample shipment,
should be enclosed in a clear plastic bag and securely taped to the underside of the lid of
the shipping cooler.
Following sample shipment, distribute remaining DSR copies as follows:
o Mail top (white) copy to SMO at the address shown on the top of the DSR
form.
o Second (yellow) copy of DSR form is retained by the sampler as the Region's
file copy.
6-18
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Procedures for Coordinating Sample Shipment
Immediately following sample shipment, call SMO, as appropriate, and provide the
following information:
o Sampler name
o Batch number(s)
o Total number of samples included in each Batch
o Date of shipment
o Courier name and airbill number
o Type of shipment (e.g., overnight, two-day)
o Laboratory samples shipped to
o Any irregularities-or anticipated problems with the samples
o Status of sampling project (e.g., final shipment, update of future shipping
schedule)
SMO notifies the laboratory that samples are in transit and confirms arrival of the
samples in good condition at the receiving laboratory. SMO assists in resolution of any
problems concerning the samples, coordinating with the appropriate Regional or sampling
personnel.
Upon sample receipt, the laboratory completes designated sections of the DSR, recording
date of sample receipt and sample condition, signs the DSR, and returns a copy to SMO.
SMO retains the laboratory-signed DSR copy as written confirmation of sample receipt.
5/86
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Sample Management Office
P.O. Box 818 Alexandria, Virginia 22313
v FTS 8-557-2490 703/557-2490
CASE NO:
BATCH NO: /
CLP DIOXIN SHIPMENT RECORD
Site Name:
City & State:
EPA Site No:
Latitude:
Longitude: ,
Tier: 234567
(circle one)
Sampling Office:
City & State:
6* fry
Sampling Contact:
(name)
Sampling Date:
Data Turnaround:
15-Day 30-Day.
Date Shipped:
- bfc>-
Anr
MATRIX
DESCRIPTION
AOO'L.
ANALYSIS
SAMPLE
NUMBERS
bCrOOOIO-3
b 6-000
blrOQOl O C"
OOOl
hG- COOl //
b6r 000 /
bCr OOOl
OOP/
OOOO/2O
boooolij
il
(0 O
Ul
W
o.
VI
111
a -i
-i a.
"J5
OUJ
So
Q. _l
Uj 111
_J ^
CL 0.
SO)
-------
7.0 SAMPLE PACKAGING AND SHIPPING
7.1 Sample Packaging
7.1.1 Environmental Samples (low level)
- Not expected to be grossly contaminated with high levels of hazardous
materials. Estimated to contain less than lOppm of any contaminant.
a. Secure sample container lid and place it, properly identified, in a
polyethylene bag and seal the bag.
b. Place the sample in a metal picnic cooler Which has been lined with a
large polyethylene bag.
c. Pack the cooler with enough nonconbustible, absorbant, cushioning material
to guard against container breakage.
d. Seal the large bag.
e. Documentation accompaning the shipment must be enclosed in a waterproof
plastic bag and taped to the underside of the cooler lid.
f. Secure the cooler lid shut with fiber tape and custody seal tape.
g. Print "Environmental Samples" and "This End Up" on top of the cooler
and put upward pointing arrows on all four sides.
7.1.2 Hazardous Material Samples
- Samples suspected of containing concentrations of contaminants of lOppm
to 15% (medium level) or greater that 15% (high level).
a. These samples when being transported by other than a government vehicle
must be packaged, marked, labeled, and shipped according to DOT regulations,
b. Most hazardous samples are classified as flammable liquid or flammable
solid shipments and require the following packaging procedure:
1) Place the sample container, properly identified, in a polyethylene
bag and seal the bag.
2) Place the sample in a metal can, cushion it with vermiculite and secure
the can lid tightly with clips or tape.
3) On the metal can print or in label form show the Laboratory name
and address and "Flammable Liquid, n.o.s. UN 1993" or "Flammable
Solid, n.o.s. UN 1325."
4) Place the metal can(s) into the plastic bag lined cooler, surround
the can(s) with vermiculite, and seal the outer plastic bag.
5) Documentation accompaning the 'shipment must be enclosed in a waterproof
plastic bag and taped to the underside of the cooler lid.
6) Secure the cooler lid shut with fiber tape and custody seal tape.
7) The following DOT labels should be placed on top of the cooler:
"Flammable Liquid, n.o.s." or "Flammable Solid, n.o.s.". A "Cargo
Aircraft Only" label is needed if the net sample quantity is
greater than 1 quart (liquid) or 25 pounds (solid)-
8) Print "Laboratory Samples" and "This End Up" an top of the cooler
and put upward pointing arrows on all four sides.
7-1 5/86
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7.2 Sample Shipping
7.2.1 Environmental vs/ Hazardous Sample Shipment
a. Environmental Samples
- No DOT marking, labeling, or shipping papers are required, nor are there
any DOT restrictions on the mode of transportation.
b. Hazardous Samples - medium and high concentrations
1) Complete a carrier approved airbill or Shippers Certification for
Restricted Articles providing the following information in the order listed!
- "Flammable Liquid, n.o.s. UN 1993" or "Flanmable Solid, n.o.s. UN 1325"
- "Limited Quantity" (or "Ltd. Qty.")
- Net weight or net volume of total sample material in cooler
- "laboratory Samples"
- "Cargo Aircraft Only"
2) Ship by airlines that ONLY carry cargo such a Federal Express, Emory, etc.
3) DOT regulations do not apply to transport by government owned vehicles,
including aircraft.
7-2 5/86
-------
PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION IN THE 5 BLOCKS OUTLINED IN ORANGE
SEE BACK OF FORM SET FOR COMPLETE PREPARATION INSTRUCTIONS.
5 3
YOUR FEDERAL EXPRESS ACCOUNT NUMBER
DEPARTMENT/FLOOR NO.
STATE
!EC13E33^7.^
•FERENCE NUMBERS (FIRST 12 CHARACTERS W
DATE
TO (Recipient's Name)
II Hold For Pick-Up or Saturday Delivery,
Recipient's Plune Number
COMPANY
DEPARTMENT/FLOOR NO.
STREET ADDRESS (P.O. BOX NUMBERS
-2.
CITY
STATE
JCasft In Advance
D Bin Recfcienfs F:
Account Numoer/Credit
>R ON INVOICE)
IN TENDERING THIS SHIPMENT, SHIPPER AGREES THAT
F.E.C. SHALL NOT 8E LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDEN-
TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM
CARRIAGE HEREOF. F.E.C. OIS-
Bill 3rd Party F.E.C. AccL d Bill Cr«dll Cart
SERVICES
H£CX ONLY ONE BOX
TPICM6151
US.)
JARO AIR
nuB.1
r IS NEXT BUSINESS DAY
HROUGH FRIDAYS TWO DAYS
KA/HAWAII. SATURDAY OEUV-
i8L£ IN CONTINENTAL U.S.
W. HANDLING."
DELIVERY AND SPECIAL HANDLING
CHECK SERVICES REQUIRED
HOLD FOR PICK-UP AT FOLLOWING
FEDERAL EXPRESS LOCATION SHOWN
IN SERVICE GUIDE. RECIPIENT'S
PHONE NUMBER IS ""'JflES
OEUVER
aeracroj amass sannct ir-i n>
OTOCT srtOM. sana.
TOTAL
WEIGHT
TOTAL
DECLARED
VALUE
TOTAL
RECEIVED AT
SHIPPER'S DOOR
O REGULAR STOP
D ON-CALL STOP
Q FEC. LOC
as
Federal Express Corporation Employee No.
DATE/TIME For Federal Express Use
ZIP ACCUfurc 2IP COOE REQUIRED
FOR OVERNIGHT DELIVERY
o.
o
o
o
CLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES. EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. WITH
RESPECT TO THIS SHIPMENT. THIS IS A NON-NEGOTIABLE
AIRBILL SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT SET FORTH
ON REVERSE OF SHIPPER'S COPY. UNLESS YOU DECLARE A
HIGHER VALUE. THE LIABILITY OF FEDERAL EXPRESS COR-
PORATION IS LIMITED TO S100.00. FEDERAL EXPRESS DOES
NOT CARRY CARGO LIABILITY INSURANCE.
FEDERAL EXPRESS USE
FREIGHT CHARGES
O
o
DECLARED VALUE CHARGE ,
no-i A
Io2o3474
SHIPPER'S CERTIFICATION FOR RESTRICTED ARTICLES
(TYPE OR PRINT)
-
PROPER SHIPPING NAME •'-• CLASSIFICATION IDENTIFICATION NO.
-'•.-•' •' --- : ' (PER 49 CFR, 172.101) '• ..-,--- ••• -
NET QUANTITY
-.PER. PACKAGE,
TIONAL
;RIPTION
iREMENTS
JACTIVE
'RIALS
BACK)
FORM.:..
ACTivrrv'--
CATEGORY OF LABELS
TRANS: INDEX
.' . PACKAGE IDENTIFICATION:
SHIPMENT IS WITHIN THE LIMITATIONS PRESCRIBED FOR
(
^
ELETE-NONAPPLICABLE)
ACCEPTABLE FOR PASSENGER AIRCRAFT, THIS SHIPMENT CONTAINS RADIOACTIVE MATEHTAL IN I bNTJED FOR USE IN, OR INCIDENT
X RESEARCH. MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT.
teREBY CERTIFY THAT THE CONTENTS OF THIS CONSIGNMENT ARE FULLY AND ACCURATELY DESCRIBED ABOVE BY PROPER
1IPPING NAME AND ARE CLASSIFIED, PACKED, MARKED, AND LABELED, AND IN PROPER CONDITION FOR CARRIAGE BY AIR
^CORDING TO APPLICABLE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS.
fc
Ja&SiNAME AND;jntCOFP.g^Sb^lGNI^aCEJ^g(^TmA^^;*^Ji Sgj
-------
I
-p.
en
00
-------
8.0 SHIPPING LOGISTICS AND NOTIFICATION
8.1 Shipping Logistics
a. When making a shipment under $150.00 with Alaska Airlines or Federal
Express simply provide the carrier with their respective shippers
account number (acquired from Andy Hess or Mary Moore) and the bill will
go directly to the finance office.
b. To use other airlines or when a charge exceeds $150.00 use a Government
Bill of Lading (GBL) acquired from Duane Taylor or prepare a Procurement
Request (PR).
c. We have established account numbers for Western, Horizon, Northwest Orient,
and Republic airlines which can be used for billings less than $150.00
provided a Procurement Request is completed and submitted to Mary Moore
inmediately upon shipment.
d. It is prudent to take a GBL to the field for possible unforseen needs.
These are accountable forms and must be returned to the issuing officer
if not used.
e. Do NOT send shipments COD.
f. If samples are not delivered directly to the lab, inform the carrier to
"notify on arrival" and give them the lab's phone number (EPA lab 442-0370)
g. RETURN your copy of the airbill to Mary Moore, M/S 337.
8.2 Sample Shipment Notification
- Immediately after delivering the shipment to the carrier, call the Sample
Management Office (8 557-2490, CLP shipments) or the Manchester Lab
(206 442-0370, or FTS 8 399-0370) and give the following information:
1. Airbill number
2. Name of carrier
3. Exact number and type of samples, including QA samples
4. Estimated date and time of arrival
5. Any deviations from standard procedures
8-1 _ 5/86
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U.S. GOVERNMENT BILL OF LADING
MEMORANDUM B/U
COPY NO.
R-OjS 3
TRANSPORTATION
COMPANY
TENDERED TO
CONSOLIDATED FBEICHTWAYS
ROUTE ORDER/RELEASE NO.
STOP THIS CAR OR TRUCK AT
FOR
CAR, TRUCK OR CONTAINER INITIALS
AND NO.
KIND
050- 04160-0
BMW
cc
IMPORTANT
Issuing office-is to retain one
memorandum copy and send
one (o the fiscal office.
t to conditions
apparent good
forwarded to
be delivered in
CAR-TRUCK-CONTAINER'
MARKED CAPACITY'
ORDERED FURNISHED
'Lengtn/cuoe
ORDERED FURNISHED
DATE
FURNISHED'
DATE B/L
ISSUED
'Furmsn inis inlormaiion m ease ol carloaa/irucmoad sniomems aniy
// extra services are ordered see
Administrative Directions No. 2 on reverse
FROM
329/LA3
7411 Beach Dr. '
(Shipping point)) Port Orchard * ?A 98366
FULL NAME OF SHIPPER
United States Environmental Protection Agency
CONSIGNEE (Name, address and ZIP code)
USZPA JWeatern Processing Teat)
200 SW 35th. Street c/o Bill Miller
Corvallia, OR 97333 (no Saturday delivery)
MARKS
DESTINATION (Nama, address and ZIP coda ol installation)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th. St. c/0 Bill Miller
Corvallis, OR 97333 (no Saturday delivery)
BILL CHARGES TO (DepUagency, oureauloltice, mailing address and ZIP code)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue, Finance, M/S-313. -
Seattle. Ha. 98101-3188 .
VIA (Route shipment when advantageous to the Government)
SEAL NUMBERS
APPLIED BY:
FOR CARRIER'S USE ONLY — WAYBILL
NO. OR FREIGHT BILL NO.
APPROPRIATION CHARGEABLE
PE0087 PSGB10P616 2209 Approp. #682023145
EST. $40.00
Contractor will return unused or canceled bills of lading to the Government of-
fice from which received.
PACKAGES
NO. KIND
DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES (Use carrier's classification or tariff
description if possible; otherwise use a clear nontechnical description.)
NUMBERS ON
PACKAGES
Ice Chests containing environmental
samples.
\
If this shipment fully loads the car or truck used, check Q] YES
WEIGHTS'
120 LBS
TARIFF OR SPECIAL RATE AUTHORITIES (CL. TL or Vol. only)
CARRIER FURNISHED SERVICE AT ORIGIN
D «.,-„..„ I—I TRAP- Initials ol
PICKUP LJ CAR shipper's agent:
B/L NO.
FOR USE OF
ISSUING
OFFICE
CONTRACT OR PURCHASE ORDER NO. OR OTHER AUTHORITY
DATED
NAME OF
TRANSPORTATION"
COMPANY - '
P.O.8. POINT NAMED:
DATE OF RECEIPT OF SHIPMENT
Consolidated Freigfatvays
•ISSUING OFFICER (Nam^nd Hi
'tlel
', \
• C-
Initial carrier's agent, by signature below.
certifies he received ine Original Bill of Lading.
SWUNG C
Daantf. Taylfig^kh i pp thy fo
DATE
SIGNATURE OF AGENT
ISSUING OFFICE (Name and complete address)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 6th AVP. M/S 3AQ. ^attla, l^
2/is/ai.i
THIS CONSIGNMENT DELIVERED COMPLETE
AND IN APPARENT GOOD ORDER EXCEPT.
AS MAY BE INDICATED HEREAFTER f
SHORTAGE
DAMAGE
D CARRIER CGiO
REPORT ATTACHE?
-------
9.0 EQUIPMENT CLEANING AND RETURN PROCEDURES
9.1 Sample Gear Cleaning Procedure
a. Dispose of wood tongue depressors and other disposable sampling gear.
t>. If practical cover ineters and samplers with clear plastic prior to use
so that at the completion of work the plastic can be discarded minimizing
followup cleaning.
c. Clean meter and sampler housing with a .mild detergent and wipe dry.
Be careful not to get any electronic components wet.
d. Basic cleaning procedure for sampling gear:
1) Detergent wash and scrub if necessary
2) Tap water rinse
3) Acid (HC1 and/or HNC>3) rinse where there is heavy metal contamination*
4) Distilled water rinse
5) Solvent (acetone and/or methylene chloride) rinse for non-plastic materials*
6) Air dry
* Wear neoprene gloves and allow for good ventilation
e. A pressure steam cleaner is available for heavy duty cleaning
f. Always clean gear ASAP after use
9.2 Sample Gear Return
1. Assure all meters and samplers are "off" and packed properly in their earring
cases if provided.
2. All gear is to be cleaned prior to return.
3. Return field gear, supplies, and unused sampling containers to: Andy Hess,
Regional Field Equipment Center, EPA Region 10 Lab, 7411 Beach Dr. E.,
Port Orchard, WA, 98366.
4. If the field gear is not to be directly delivered to the lab, specify the
carrier to "notify on arrival, Andy Hess 442-0370".
5. NEVER return sampling gear in the same cooler with samples.
9-1 .5/86
-------
SECTION 10
SAFETY AND HEALTH
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
10-1 Rights and Responsibilities
10.1.1 Employee Rights
10.1.2 Employee Responsibilities
10.1.3 Supervisors Responsibilities
10.2 Training Requirements
10.2.1 EPA Order 1440.2
10.2.2 Region 10 Policy on Health, Safety and Proficiency Training
10.2.3 Hazardous Materials Incident Response Training Program
10.3 Occupational Medical Monitoring Program
10.3.1 Overview
10.4 Protective Clothing and Equipment
10.4.1 Basic Clothing for Samplers
10.4.2 Stock Services and Procurement Requirements
10.4.2.1 Non-Disposable Clothing
10.4.2.2 Disposable Clothing and Equipment
10.5 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
10.5.1 Overviews
10.5.2 OSHA 29 CFR 1910
10.5.3 State OSHA Regulations
10.5.4 EPA Occupational Health and Safety Manual
10.5.5 EPA Region 10 Policies and Guidelines
10.5.6 In-Plant or Company Policies
10.5.7 State-of-the-Art Factor
10-1 5/86
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
10.6 Site Safety and Health Plans
10.6.1 General Requirements
10.6.2 Region 10 Generic Site Safety & Health Plans
10.6.3 Site Safety & Health Plans
10.6.4 Sources for Assistance
10.7 Hazardous. Duty Pay
10.7.1 Overview
10.8 Special or Unique Sampling Requirements
10.8.1 Reconize Your Limitations
10.8.2 Sources for Assistance
10.8.2.1 Region 10 Field Hazardous Waste Investigation Team
10.8.2.2 Region 10 Emergency Response Section and TAT Team
10.8.2.3 Region 10 FIT Team
10.9 On-The-Job Injuries and Accident Reporting
10.9.1 Basic Requirements
10.9.3 Emergency Considerations
10-2 5/86
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10.1 RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
10.1.1 EMPLOYEE RIGHTS
EPA employees are entitled to work under safe and healthful
conditions, free of recognized hazards.
If an investigation or inspection activity is unsafe, it should be
postponed.
EPA employees are entitled to have basic and when necessary specific
safety and health training.
Employees are entitled to personal protective clothing and equipment
Field employees are entitled to participate in the occupational
medical monitoring program.
EPA employees are entitled to report hazardous working conditions,
without any adverse consequences, and they have the right to make
the reports anonymously if they wish.
References:
1. Occupational Safety and Health Act, Section 19
2. Presidential Executive Order 12196
3. EPA Occupational Health and Safety Manual
10-3 5/86
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10.1.2 EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES
Employees are responsible for complying with the Agency's health and
safety standards and regulations.
Employees are responsible for reporting accidents, injuries, and
property damage of $100.00 or more.
Reporting unsafe and unhealthful working conditions
Responsible for having a baseline medical examination to confirm
their fitness for duty.
Employees are responsible for using the safety clothing and
equipment provided.
Employees are responsible for reporting to work ready, willing and
able to perform assigned duties.
All employees are expected to observe all rules, signs, and
instructions relating to personal safety.
Willful non-observance of certain safety regulations constitute
grounds for disciplinary action.
10-4 5/86
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10.1.3 SUPERVISOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors are responsible for:
8 The health and safety of their employees.
0 Compliance with the Agency's Occupational Health and Safety
requirements.
0 For enforcing correct work practices.
0 For providing safety and health training.
0 For purchasing and providing personal protective clothing and
equipment for their employees.
10-5 5/86
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10.2 MIMING REQUIREMENTS
10.2.1 EPA Order 1440.2 - Health and Safety Requirements for Employees
Engaged in Field Activities
Established three levels of training and certification commensurate
with the degree of anticipated hazards.
0 Requires all field employees have at least 3 days of health and
safety training prior to becoming involved in normal, routine
activities.
0 Requires 8 hours of refresher training be given to field employees
annually covering health and safety.
0 Requires new employees to perform 3 days of field OJT within 3
months of classroom instruction.
10.2.2 Region 10 Policy on Health and Safety and Proficiency Training
February 6, 1986.
0 Establishes "program specific" health and safety training
requirements for Region 10 Laboratory and field employees.
0 Establishes a certification process for initial and refresher health
and safety training requirements.
0 Describes medical monitoring requirements for Region 10 field
employees.
0 Establishes non-compliance provisions for failure to satisfy the
training requirements.
° This policy was designed to conform to the intent of EPA Order
1440.2 (July 12, 1981).
0 Established a "Grandparent Clause" and requires full compliance by
October 1 , 1986.
10-6 5/86
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j. 0.2 .3 Hazardous Materials Incident Response Training Program
As part of a comprehensive program for protecting the public and the
environment from chemical incidents resulting from vehicle or train accidents,
spills, discharges from industrial operations, and hazards associated with
uncontrolled waste sites, the Hazardous Response Support Division,
Environmental Response Branch, develops and presents training courses in
safety and technical operations related to hazardous material responses.
The courses presented by the Environmental Response Branch last from 3 to
5 days. Although each course is tailored to cover technical material,
relevant to the course title, no course will provide participants with
exhaustive treatment of any subject. All courses emphasize the practical
application of lecture information through problem-solving, case studies,
demonstrations, and outdoor exercises. These courses are periodically held in
various Region 10 locations as well as other locations throughout the United
States.
SOME OF THE COURSES OFFERED ARE:
0 Hazardous Material Incident Response Operations
0 Personnel Protection and Safety
0 Sampling for Hazardous Materials
0 Air Surveillance for Hazardous Materials
0 Incident Mitigation and Treatment Methods
0 Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment
0 Response Safety Decision Making
10-7 -5/86
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10.3 OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL MONITORING PROGRAM
The Region 10 Occupational Medical Monitoring Program is designed to
serve as a "watch" over the health of those employees whose work regularly
poses the possibility of exposure to toxic material or other hazardous working
conditions. It is not a direct substitute for "general check-up" or other
periodic examinations designed to monitor or promote general health. The
occupational medical monitoring program is designed to screen for evidence of
adverse effects of occupational exposure, particularly exposure to toxic
substances.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM:
0 To detect adverse effects of occupational exposure.
0 Initiate prompt corrective action when needed.
Insure fitness for duty
FOUR TYPES OF EXAMINATIONS ARE PROVIDED:
0 Baseline - (Critical for new employees)
Periodic - (Usually annual exams)
0 Acute exposure monitoring
End of employment or termination exams.
10-8 5/86
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10.4 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT
10.4.1 Basic Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment Items for Field
Inspectors.
0 Steel toed leather safety shoes or boots
0 Hardhat (faceshield is optional)
0 Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles
0 Cotton/polyester coveralls
The following clothing and equipment items may be required for certain
types of inspections based on the activities or toxic material on site:
0 Steel toed chemical resistant rubber boots
0 Chemical resistant gloves (Inner and Outer)
0 Disposable boot covers
0 Acid splash suit
0 Disposable chemical resistant coveralls with attached hood
0 Noise reducing ear plugs or muffs
0 Respiratory Protective Equipment
Duffle Bag
EPA inspectors must wear equivalent or higher levels of protection than
the on-site or company employees when performing inspections. Under no
circumstances should an EPA field inspector enter areas wearing respirators or
other protective clothing that does not meet the same protection level worn by
in-plant or on-site workers. This does not mean that an EPA inspector can
borrow or wear a respirator or protective clothing provided by the company or
facility being inspected. It is Region 10 policy that our field inspectors go
out prepared with the proper equipment and clothing to perform the inspection
safely using EPA provided equipment.
10-9 5/86
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10.4.2 STOCK SOURCES AND PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENTS
During the budget process, it was agreed by all concerned that_the
Environmental Services Division would supply all field inspectors with
disposable clothing and equipment items. Non-disposable clothing^and
equipment items must be purchased by the respective branch, division or
operation office employing the field inspector. This does not mean that
unusually large quantity requirements of disposable items will automatically
be furnished by ESD. Orders for large quantities or unusual items, even
though disposable, must be ordered by the respective branch, division or
operation office.
The field employee and his or her supervisor are responsible for insuring
the employee has the proper safety and health clothing and equipment to
perform their work safely. The supervisor/Branch Chief is responsible for
purchasing the safety clothing and equipment needed by the employee. The
Regional Safety Officer can provide assistance in the type of clothing or
equipment to purchase and the various suppliers available for purchasing this
material.
The ESD contact for disposable clothing and equipment is Andy Hess. His
telephone number is 442-0370.
DISPOSABLE CLOTHING INCLUDES:
0 Cartridges and canisters for respirators
0 Inner and outer chemical resistant gloves
0 Disposable booties
0 Disposable coveralls
0 Ear plugs
Cleaner/Sanitizer for respirators
Duct tape
0 Trash bags
0 Hard hats (non-disposable but furnished by ESD)
10-10 5/86
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATIONS
10.5 OVERVTFH
We are governed by OSHA and EPA Safety and Health Regulations. Since we
are a federal agency, we must meet the OSHA Standards. You must be aware and
conscious of the fact that contractors and state employees must abide by the
state OSHA Regulations (where applicable) which may be more stringent than the
federal OSHA Standards. EPA Region 10 staff should abide by the state
regulations if they are more stringent than the federal OSHA Standards.
SOME OF THE REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES ARE:
29 CFR 1910 - OSHA Standards
State OSHA Regulations (where applicable)
0 EPA Occupational Health and Safety Manual
0 EPA Region 10 Policies and Guidelines
0 In-plant or Company Policies
State-of-the-Art Factor
Copies of these regulations and guidelines are available through the
Regional Safety Officer (Ron Blair) at 442-0370.
10-11 5/86
-------
10.6 SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PLANS
The purpose of a site safety and health plan is to establish procedures
and requirements for protecting EPA employees investigating or inspecting
facilities, sites or other areas where sampling and monitoring activities are
conducted. The content of a safety and health plan is dependent on the degree
of risk associated with the inspection or survey activity. The greater the
hazards or risk, the more information and procedural requirements needed for
the plan.
A site safety and health plan may be as simple and short as adding a
short narrative or discu'ssion to the sampling plan. For example, simple
investigations which require the collection of a few environmental samples may
only require several paragraphs in the sampling plan. On the other hand, an
investigation of an abandoned hazardous waste site suspected of containing
highly toxic materials in drums and tanks will require a detailed site safety
and health plan.
In emergency response situations, the sample site safety plan included in
the EPA Standard Operating Safety Guides, Annex 10 can be used. It should be
completed on the way to the incident by the Team Leader. If all EPA field
employees involved in the response have had the required training covering
personal protection and safety, levels of protection, and other EPA protocol,
then this sample safety plan format may be used. It should be read and signed
by all employees involved in the investigation, as should all site safety and
health plans for each activity.
SOME OF THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A HAZARDOUS NASTE TYPE OF SURVEY OR
INSPECTION SITE SAFETY PLAN ARE:
0 Background of the site
0 Hazard evaluation
0 List of EPA personnel and their responsibilities
0 Levels of protection for each activity
0 Delineate work areas
Establish procedures to control site access
0 Decontamination procedures
0 Site emergency procedures
0 Emergency medical care
10-12 5/86
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10.6 CONTINUED
0 Air monitoring and environmental surveillance
0 Specific training required
0 Establish procedures for weather related problems
HE NQN HAVE THREE GENERIC SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PLANS FOR:
0 Asbestos inspections at demolition/renovation sites
PCS inspections
0 Placer mine inspections
10-13 5/86
-------
10.7 HAZARDOUS DUTY PAY
EPA has developed and issued procedures covering hazardous duty pay. You
must be an EPA employee in order to request and receive hazardous duty pay.
THE FOLLONING ARE SOME OF THE GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PAYMENT OF HAZARDOUS DUTY
PAY:
0 If levels A,B or C categories of protection are required during an
emergency response, waste removal, or other situation involving
hazardous conditions, then hazard pay should be authorized in
advance, provided that all other regulatory requirements are met.
0 Helicopter flights requiring the execution of unusual patterns to
avoid obstructions, enter sheltered valleys, and deep narrow
canyons, avoid turbulent winds, or land on isolated lakes amidst
mountainous or wooded terrain warrant hazardous duty pay.
0 Low-level (i.e. under 500') helicopter flight operations over wooded
or open water areas involving flight at low altitudes or landing at
unprepared sites in wooded or mountainous terrain warrant hazardous
duty pay.
10-14 5/86
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10.8 SPECIAL OR UNIQUE SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS
One of the most important things an EPA sampler or field employee should
consistently remember and follow is recognize your limitations. This is
especially true when only one employee is involved in the survey or inspection
activity. The importance of collecting a sample during a specific
environmental incidence or episode is just simply not worth it if collecting
the sample will involve risk, to life or health.
0 Occasionally, EPA inspectors may need to request additional
assistance in collecting samples under unique and hazardous
situations. There are three groups that can be called on for
additional assistance, depending on the program area, time required,
and other factors associated with the specific site. They are:
0 The Regional Field Hazardous Haste Investigation Team. The
contact for this source of assistance is the Chief, Field
Operations and Technical Support Branch, ESD.
0 The Regional Superfund Removal and Emergency Section and their
contracted Technical Assistance Team (TAT Team). The contact
for this assistance is the Chief, Superfund Removal and
Emergency Section.
0 The Region 10 Field Investigation Team (FIT-Remedial
Investigations). The contact for this source of assistance is
the Chief, Field Operations and Technical Support Branch.
10-15 5/86
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10.9 ON-THE-DB INJURIES AND ACCIDENT REPORTING
10.9.1 BASIC REQUIREMENTS
The EPA Occupational Health and Safety Manual, Chapter 3. Accident and
Illness Investigation, Reporting, and Recordkeeplng Requirements outlines the
requirements for reporting on-the-job accidents or illnesses. A copy of this
manual has been distributed and should be maintained by each division and
operations office.
PROCEDURES FOR THE REPORTING OF INFORMATION ON ACCIDENTS OR ILLNESS
INCIDENTS BY THE EMPLOYEE AND SUPERVISOR ARE AS FQLLOHS:
THE EMPLOYEE MUST:
1. Report any job-connected incidents to his or her supervisor
immediately.
2. Furnish accurate and detailed information regarding the
incident on EPA Form 1440-9.
3. Complete a CA-1 form, if an occupational injury is involved.
4. Complete a CA-2 form if an occupational illness is involved.
5. Complete an SF-91 form if a vehicular accident is involved.
6. Provide the attending physician or hospital with a CA-16 form
signed by the supervisor.
THE SUPERVISOR MUST:
1. Sign and complete Part A of form CA-16, Request for Examination
and/or Treatment. This form basically commits the federal
government to paying for the medical services, and the
supervisor should ensure that the injury or illness occurred on.
the job before signing this form.
2. Investigate all job-connected incidents within two working days
of the incident and complete EPA Form 1440-9.
3. Complete Optional Form 26, Data Bearing Upon Scope of Work
where vehicular collision is involved.
10-16 5/86
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19-9.2 EMERGENCY CONSIDERATIONS
In an emergency situation, get treatment as soon as possible for the
injured employee and do not worry about the forms. They can be completed and
filled out later.
Emergency planning and services available are a very important element of
a good site safety plan. Everyone on the sampling team should know where the
nearest telephone is located and whether or not they are in an emergency 911
telephone area. If not, the telephone numbers for the emergency services
should be listed in the site safety plan. It may be necessary on some
investigations to carry cellular telephones or radios for emergency
communication purposes. Emergency situations in remote locations are very
critical aspects of sampling or field activities in these types of areas. All
team members or EPA employees should know what to do in these situations and
discuss what they are going to do if a medical emergency occurs in a remote
location. This type of sampling will usually require at least two and
probably three employees to be involved in this type of investigation.
10-17 5/86
-------
1.1 * 0 D a 13 A c c e s s /" T n e L s b o r s t o r y M s n 3 s e m e n t S y s t s? m
11,1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11 .5
11*6
Int roducti on
Pro^rem
Pro^rsnfi
P r o s r s m
F'roSrsm
Prosrsm
'IK'NF'RT
PRJDMP
LA):: TAB!
LABTAB3
LABTAE4
-------
.<.1«0 I'sts Access / The Laboratory Management System
11 »1 Introduction
The Laboratory Management System is the database on the?
PDF1 11/70 for the storase of sample analysis results from
the EPA.» Manchester Lab, Recently* we have started enter-ins
contract laboratory data into the database* The data is
entered by the laboratory and retrieved for the Project
Officers by the Regional Sample Control Center*
Within the LMS> there are five senersl pr03 rams that
generates sample analysis reports,
1, TRNF'RT (pronounced 'tran # print')
2. F'RJDMP (pronounced 'project # dump')
3, LABTAB1 (pronounced 'lab & tab * one')
4, LABTAE3 (pronounced "lab * tab * three')
5* LABTAB4 (pronounced 'lab * tab * four")
A detailed explanation and example of each report type can be
found on the attached pas:es*
Normally? the project officer will receive output from the F'K'JDMP
program when all analyses have been com P 1 e t e d * P a r t i a 1 d a t a r e t r 1. e v 31 •
can be requested annd will automatically be provided should only one
fraction delay the completion of all requested analyses* Contact the
Regions! Sample Control Center for data retrievals*
Any data stored in the Lab M an as e merit System can also be transferred
to the IBM F'Cs where graphs arid charts can be generated* Upon
r e « u e s t the R S C C w .i 11 t ran s f e r d a t a ,311 d a .1 d i n t h e m •-• n i P u 1 a t i o n o f t h;.?
data.
11-1 5/86
-------
Data Access / The Laboratory Management System
11 «2 F'roSram NameJ TRNPRT (pronounced 'trsn # print')
DescriptionJ _ Generates s report containing sil o'sts entry
transactions containing the sample analysis
results of a s'iven sample with multiple
parameters (TRNIN1) or a 3iven parameter
analysis of multiple samples (YRNIN'-.?)»
Example of Report: Attachment A - TRNIN1
Attachment P - TRNIN2
Attachment C - l.on^ Version
11-2 5/86
-------
o ATTACHMENT A 11.2
-SEF-S5 EPA f,;e^ion x L.sb Management System Paae .1
#$# Lab Analysis Report ***
%
i$i,:> Transaction *: 03051141
r ark Group: (7D pest/PCB - PP Scan
nstrument: (GCT-EC ) Trecor GC 222 No « 1 » Ni-63 EC Detecto
iethod: (EF'2-603 ) GC Ext Scan
Ihemist: (RHR) Rieck> Bob ESD Hours Worked:
•ToJect: AME-034B OREGON RIVERS Prg Elet: AS3E2F
prJ Off J Clelsnd* Bruce ESD Analysis Due: Revised Due;
Sample Records in Transaction
Psrsmeter Form File: PEST Title: Pesticide Analysis
Sea* Sample * Date/Time Description
01 84500S51 840731 TILLAMOOK OYSTERS
Record Type: TRNIN1 Dste Verified: S5/04/23 By: Beckner? Lsurs M* ESD
Transaction Status: Verified Transaction..«Ready to release*
*** Verified and Transferred to VERTRANS ***
Processed: 16-SEP-S5 07125:37 Status: V Batch: A (In VFR D.VO
H-3 5/86
-------
16-SEP-S:
Transaction
F'roJ Code J
ATTACHMENT A - continued
EPA Region X Lab Management
Lab Analysis Report
Pas*
#: 03051141
AMB-034B OREGON RIVERS
2
-7
Sample Id;
Matrix:
Units:
% SldsJ
QA Code?
Date Extract:
Date Anslyzd:
1 A1 d r i n
Chlordane
D i e 1 d r i n
DDTr 4,4-~
DDE? 4.4'-
DDDy 4*4'-
Endosulfan? alpha-
Endosulfsn» bets-
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
EHC? slpha-
BHC? beta-
BHC» £S3l7llTl3-
BHC? o'elta--
Toxaphene
4
5
6
7
Q
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
PCB -
PCB -
PCB -
PCB -
PCB -
PCB -
PCB -
Methox
DDE (I
1016
1221
1232
1242
124S
1254
1260
ychlor
84500351
Tissue
US; /kg
850110
350116
1U
1U
1U
10
8
1U
111
1U
111
111
1U
1U
111
1U
111
111
111
30IJ
10LI
1011
10U
10 LI
10U
10U
10U
(71) Pest/PCB - PR Scan
intstd /:RC
11-4
5/86
-------
ATTACHMENT B 11.2
rSEP-a5 EPA Re£jion x L3b Management System
##* Lab Analysis Report ***
^rsnssction #* 0322091:
Sea *I 01
•rJ: OREGON RIVERS
•srJ MERCURY TISMG/KG WET WGT
(3.1.) Metals - PP
(AMB-034B) A53E2F
(Par* 71930 S)
Instrument: ACF403 AA Cold Flsme (PE403)
Method: EPl-245,1 Mercury? Cold Vapor* Manual
Chemist: (RYA) Arakii- Roy A. ESD Hours Worked:
Lsb Prep«< ) Unspecifed Date Preprd:
MstrixJ (70) Tissue
Line Sample * Result.
Units: (23)
Samp],e Locstion/Descript!on
Date Anlyzdi 850113
*.Usys to A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
13
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
500851
500853
500855
500857
500858
500860
500862
500864
500866
500868
500870
500872
500874
500876
500878
500880
500882
500884
500886
500888
500890
500892
500394
500896
500898
.012
.011
.012
,019
,613
,329
,528
,550
.066
.515
.134
.417
,212
,575
,515
.057
.105
.112
.768
.027
.051
.212
.474
.340
.729
TILLAMOOK OYSTERS
TILLAMOOK OYSTERS
COOS BAY OYSTERS-
COOS BAY OYSTERS
MALHEUR LAKE CATFISH
SANTIAM SUCKER - TISSUE
COLUMBIA SLOUGH SUCKER-T
YAMHILL SUCKER-TISSUE
ROGUE SUCKER - TISSUE
SPSS RAILROAD BR. -SUCKER
WHEATLAND FERRY SUCKER T
TUALATIN SUCKER TISSUE
DESCHUTES SUCKER TISSUE
U M P Q LI A S U U A W F I S H T .1 S S U E'
'UMPQUA SUCKER TISSUE
KI.AMATH RIVER SUCKER TIS
STAUFFEER SUCKER TISSUE
MAKENZIE SUCKER TISSUE
84
.1
34.1
34
84
84
1
1
1
841
ISSUE
TISSUE
ISSUE
SUE
OWYHEE RESERVIOR C.S. SUCKER-TISSUE
OWYHEE RESERVOIR -B.LIP
MALHEUR BRIDGELIP SUCKER
TISSUE
TISSUE RM 10
MALHEUR COARSESCAI..E SUCKER TISSUE RM 1
MALHEUR COARSESCAI...E SUCK
OWYHEE RIVER RM2 COARSES
OWYHEE RVR RM 19 COARSES
ER TISSUE RM 6
CAI..E SUCKER TI
CALE SUCKER TI
84
84
34
84
84
34
34
34
34
84
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
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120 (
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59
59
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59
59
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Record Tyr-eJ TRNIN? Date Verified; 85/03/22
Transaction Status: Verified Transaction... Ready to
### Verified and Transferred to
Processed: 16-SEP-S5 07:25:37 Status: V Batch: A
11-5
By: Roberson? R
-------
it wav -/ATTACHMENT C -J.1.2 . v , , ..
14-MHY-o6 EPA Region X Lab flanasement System
#$# Lab Analysis Report, ##*
Transaction *: 04220830 Sec? *: 04 (74) PCB Scan
ProJ Code J HWD-053A QUEEN CITY FARMS
Sample No.: 86 144603 Alternate Keys:
Station * : Description: NORTH WASTE PILE? NW CORNER
Source: Sludsie (General)
Begin Date: 860403 1150 End Date:
Comments:
pas'e
PE *
GB10P
Tox/Haz! Y Enforcement: Y Confidential:
Received Dale: 860404 0935
Instrument: GCT-570 Method: EP2-608 Chemist: Rieck? Bob EE
3an.p Matrix! (40) Sediment Units: (22) u:?/ks5 %Slds: 89.2
QA Code: ( ) Unspecifed Lab FTP: ( ) Unspecif&d
Date Extracted: 86040? Date Analyzed: 8604.18 * Days to Ext/Ana.I J 6/
Line
F'ar * Parameter Description
Units
Value
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
12674112
11104282
11141165
53469219
12672296
11097691
11096825
0
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
DDE
- 1016
- 1221
- 1232
- 1242
- 1248
- 1254
- 1260
-------
11*3 Program Name? F'RJDMP (pronounced 'project # dump'')
Description * PRJDMP Generates s report that provides s one-
pssie state ment of So-mF--le snsiys i s results for
esch sample number requested*
Example of ReportJ Attschment A
11-7 5/86
-------
Pr*J*tti TEC-222b
S««plt Nti •»
Labtrattryi Rx
••• *••»!•/?r»j«cl An«|y«l» httulti •••
MthlNi Pbtett MO fUblPHENT
ittln S»*i»lt Ottti j^/Ob/14 CdilO kturcti S«ol»tnt lltntrtll
OtterIptltni VA BARMS lufcUSIU SAfcDblAS? SAUDI
OMIttri SXK
btpthi
Atttun11 A»U2F
QA Ctdtl
VD
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in
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htiult Unl tt
3t*bl Or* Uui
1
1
1 i
1 VGA - PP Jci
1 «'
1 Partttttr
in IbCnSl
>« Cent Inutd
Stalntnt
Htiult Unltt
1 1 1/n/Acld
1 1
1 I Ptrt«tttr
Sc«n
ttt
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utd
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ttt
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•• Hu*
Cd Mud
Chrtalui
Copptr
l»td
Sllvtr
line
Stltnlu*
HIRCURT
Dry
Dry Ml
Staat/kf
StdMi/hf
Stdag/kf
Stint/M
StWM/Nt
JiU-PULP
17
4.72 M/hd-Cb
lOV.d Cry b*l :
*t*7u Oiy Mht '
hEu Dry
Dry
Dry
l.» Cry MMt
O.UOj Mb/Kb »T
I H«t«l» • If Toiiclty
I P*r««tttr
httwlt Unit*
AiiTot
1 ug/l
17U
Co, Tot
Cr.Tot
Cu.Tet
PktTol
*»,Ttt
In,T«t
Jt.Tet
1U ut/l
U.I
0.0>U
UK/I
I Orfltnlci - Ctntrcl
I P«rt»tttr
ktiult brlt* I
OIL-CRSI nuo FRCR
Cry
I VOA - PP Je«n (CChJJ
I ParaNtttr
l»tnt
Ktiult Unlit
Htthantt T«tr«chloro-
Htthanti Trlehloro-
•tnrtnt
fthtntt l«ltl-Trlehlort
Htihtntt lrt»e-
Htlhant* Cnl«ro-
fthtntt Chltrt-
ithyltntt CMtro-
ntth*ntt
Dltnltrt-
Trl»rt«»-
kth«nti l»l*Ulchltrt-
Ethyltnti 1,1-tleMtrr-
ntih«n«« Tr Ichlerot lu*f
flttriantt 01 cnlertdi I lut
Prep*ntt It2-0l enl art-
lth«nt, Itlt4-Tr IcMort
kthyltntt I tltJ-Tr lehlt
kthtntt 1« li^tl-TtirncM
btnivnti Ethyl-
Acroltln
ktrt«n«< 1,4-Ulch lort-
»er> lonl tr I 1 1
Tolutnt
ntni*n«t Cnltre-
tin«r. Cnlorottnyl Viny
ntth«nt« Cni eroc ibr •••-
ktnyltntt Tttr •cnlort-
fctnyltntt lii-Tr«ni-oic
l«2-DIChltr«
«[0
KEu
REO
MEQ
Hit
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kEv
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KEO
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kEO
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I •/K/«cld
I P4r«*tttr
Stulwtnt
•tiult Unltt
I
<-ntth»ln«prth«ltnt
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fyrtrt* btntottl-
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Antntactnti tlb«nio(«»h
•nthrtctntt btnio(a)-
n-Crtiol. P-cMore-
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Mtrc»»»lr«, Olvtthyl-
Mtniolc Acid
tlhcnti htxtchloro-
Cye I of»rt«ol «nt » M«««eh
liophoron*
*ctn«phthtnt
PMh*l«t*t Oltthyl-
Phthalattt Dt-n-butyl-
Phtn«nihrtnt
1CU
JCU u§/»t-or
1CU ut/kfdr
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10U uu/Kf-dr
1UU uf/ni-dr
10U u«/K|-«r
HEQ
10U U9/n»-or
10U ug/kf-ar
let tib/kt-dr
lot ug/kf-dr
10U ut/kf-dr
Kb ug/kfdr
10U ot/kfdr
10U
PMh«l«tti n»|utyl Itni 10U Uf/k|-dr
Nltrtiaaln** Olpntnyl- iOU ui/kt-dr
Flutrtnt IOU
buttdltnti H«ittnltrf IOU
Phtntlt Ptnttehltrt- IOU
Pntntlt i»^,k-Trlthltrt IOU ui/k|-dr
Prtntlt i-Hltrt- IOU u»/kt-dr
Naptntltnt IOU ut/kt-dr
htpthdltntt i-Chltrt- IOU ui/kt-«r
btntldlntt Jtl'-ulehltr lOb ui/k|-dr
btnildlnt REO
•-Crtitl IOU ut/kt-dr
btnitntt It2-0lthl*r«- IOU ut/kt-dr
Pn«ntlt 2-CMtrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
Phtntlt 2t*»i-Trlenltrt IOU ut/kt-dr
btnitntt Nltrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
prtnolt 4-Mtrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
•tniyl Alcthtl IOU ut/kt-dr
ttntrt 4-lrtBtphtnyl Ph IOU ut/ki-dr
Phtntl* 2t*-Ul»tthyI- IOU ut/kt-dr
p-Crt*tl IOU ut/kt-dr
btnitntt lt*-0lthltrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
Anlllntt p-Chltr- iOU ut/kt-dr
Phtntl IOU ut/kt-dr
fctntn bll(2-CMtrttthy IOU ut/k|-4r
Mtthtntt bl »U-Chltrttt IOU ut/kt-dr
Phihtlcttt bli(2-Ethylh l»OI ut/kt-dr
Phthclttt, Dl-n-Ottyl IOU ut/kt-dr
btnitntt Ht»«enltrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
Anthrtetnt IOU ut/kt-dr
btnitntt l.2,*-Trlehltr IOU ut/kt-dr
Phtntlt 2t*-Dldhltrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
Ttlutntt 2t4-0lnltrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
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Phthtlattt OlMtthyl IOU ut/kt-dr
Ulbtnitfuran IOU ut/k|-dr
ftryltntt ItnioCttht11- IOU ut/kt-dr
fyrtntt Indtntl1t2»3-Ct IOU ug/kt-dr
flutrtntntnt» Ji*-ltnit REQ
Flutrtfithtnt IOU ut/k|-dr
Flutrcnthtntt BtnitCkl- IOU ut/kt-dr
AttntphthyItnt IOU ut/kfdr
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t-Crt*tlt 4tb-0lnltrt- IOU ut/kt-dr
oo
I
(CentInutd tn ntit ptttl
-------
-5EP-35
— A 11.3
t?A xeglon X LaB .linajenent Systum
*** SaTp le/Pru jec t Analysis Kesults ***
project: A*B-03<,B UREGUN
Tiple No: 8* 5U0851 Begin Sample Date: 3WU7/31
1 '
l'
i fleta Is-Spec 1 f 1 ed
( Parame ter
URSENIC TIS.1G/KG
IflERCURY TISMG/KG
ILEAO TISMG/KG
'UPPER TISMG/KG
CR-FISH UG/G OR
CiONIUM TISMG/KG
i NetaTs - PP
| Parameter
End Samp
T i ssue
Result
.3>'-
OOEi *,*•-
Heptacn lor
tldrln
9HCi Alpha-
BHC, Beta-
BHCi Delta-
Endosu 1 fan > A 1 pna-
Heotacn lor Eoox i de
Endosu 1 fan Su 1 f ate
Endr 1 n Al dehyde
Toxaohene
PC9-1260 (Arocnlor 1260
PCB-1254 (Arocftlor 123'.
PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221
PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232
PC3-12
-------
Program Name: LA8TA51 (pronojnceu 'lab * tab * one')
Description: LABTAbl generates a table report for up to
eight lab numaers across the top of a page
and up to fifty STOKET oararr,eter numbers down
the side of tne page.
Example of Report: Attachment A
11-10 5/86
-------
ATT.
System: Station Table Pro>jra.-a (LiiiTASl)
SXAf.PLE HP ^S'lJKT C£.NdS«TtD BY THfc P9GGXA* 'LABTAdl'
Sun Qate: 16-S:P-35
Lab » 4 8U 500857 k aPES
iD
ICUHY
t End
TISMG/KG
T1SMG/KG
UG/G DA
TISrtC-/X3
TISflG/KG
TISMG/XG
«ET
»ET
nc/i
WET
V.ET
i.£T
of Processing
»GT
^GT
!G ™T
*CT
»GT
^GT
»**
.3H
.6S
.3b
35.00
.02 U
.012
.28
.52
.02 U
27.00
.02 U
.011
.82
.70
.12
-------
11.5 Program Na.T.e: LA3TAo3 (pronojnced 'lab * tab * three1)
Descrioticn: LABTAB3 creates a table report for uc to eig
lab sample numbers across trie top of a page ;
up to fifty CAS parameter numbers down tne s
Example of Report: Attachment A
5/86
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ATTACHMENT A - 11.5
ana9em«nt System: Station Taola frojn.-n (l_A3TA0 3)
Kun Date: 16-SEP-35 Tine:
REP'JhT G£NERAT£0 8Y THE i»«oCSA1
PESTlCIuES AND PCis
'LABTAS31
Lao » : * 6* 500b5l «
Station: TILLAn03K OY TI..
Date: BW07/J1
Time:
Matrix: Tissue
Ana lysis un i ts : uy/Ki
If in
lordana
eldr 1 n
Tt *f'>1-
£1 *t*'-
Di *»*'-
idosulfan. Alpha-
idosulfan« Beta-
idosul fan Sul f ate
our In
ndrln Aldehyde
eotaeh lor
gtaenlor Eaoxlde
i Alpna-
H . Beta-
, Ganma-
H i Oelta-
oxaonene
'CB-1016 (Arochlor L016)
C8-1221 (Arochlor 1221)
PCB-1232 (irochlor 1232)
PC8-12*2 (Arochlor 12*2)
PCB-l2/09/26 3*/09/26 o*/0I>/21 3*/09/17 i*/0<»/17
Tissue Tissue Tissue Tissue Tissue Tissue
u9/kg ug/Kg ug/kg ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/l
-------
ATTACHMENT A - 11.6
Lab Manaie^ent System 'arairstar Tjole "rojram (LactaD4)
EXA1PLE OF
GiNt'ATeO 3Y THE PXOCrfArt 'LAdrAb4'
Statlon
Date
Time
Laos
AKSENIC
TIS-1G/KG
^fcT WGT
LOO*
CADMIUM
TIS1G/KG
WET 'HliT
719'tO
CK-FISH
UG/G JR
MG/KG '»T
n uate: 16-SEP-a5
L6AO MER
TIV13/KG TISfli
<*tT UGT HeT
71936 7.
TIS10/XG
,J6T WGT
71-537
TILL.AMQOK
TILLAMQQK GYSTESS
COOS BAY OYSTERS
COOS 8AY OYSTERS
MALHEUR LAKE CATFISH
SANTIAM SUCKER - TISSUE
SANTIAM SUCKER-LIVER
»** End of Processing »**
S-./D7/31
8<./u7/31
?00651
500853
5GOd55
5GQb57
84/09/17
500H60
500861
.29
.82
.04U
.o9
.52
.70
.^2
.01
.01U
.039
.3d
.02U
.12
.12
35.00
27.00
48.00
64.00
.30
1.10
1.9
.02U
.02U
.02U
.02LJ
.02U
.02U
.03U
11-15
5/86
-------
11.fa Program Name: LABTABA (oronouncec 'lab * tab * four)
Description: LA3TAB4 generates a table reoort for un to six
STOkET parameter numbers across the top of a
page and up to fifty lab sample numoers
(either single numbers or a range of samples)
down the siae.
Example of Reoort: Attachment A
11-14 5/86
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LIST OF RESULT QUALIFIERS FOR NCN NUMERIC RESULTS
A result qualifier indicates the reason the analysis did rot produce a numerical result.
Qualifier Full name Definition
FPS
NSQ
LAC
FAC
ISP
NAI
NAR
CAN
FCC
BOL
Failed Prelimiiiary Screeni.'ig
Not Sufficient Quantity
Laboratory Accident
Field Accident
Snproper Sample Preservation
Mot Arialyzed Cue to Interference
Mo Analysis Result
Cancelled
Failed Quality Control
Below Detectable Limits
Exponent
A preliminary screenirg of the sanple for
the subject parameter was conducted.
There was not a sufficient quantity of the
sanple to coriduct an analysis to determine
the concentration of the subject parameter.
There was an accident in the laboratory that
either destroyed the sample or reridered it
rot suitable for analysis.
There was an accident i:i the field that
either destroyed the sample oc cefidered it
tot suitable for analysis.
Dae to improper preservation of the sample
it was rerdered rot suitable foe analysis.
Because of uncontrolled interference the
analysis for the subject parameter was :ot
conducted.
There is ro a:ialysis result. Reason is
urispecified.
The analysis of this parameter was
cancelled arid not performed.
The analysis result is unusable because
quality control limits were exceeded when the
atialysis was cotiducted.
There was rot a sufficient concentration
of the parameter in the sample to exceed
the lower detection limit in force at the
time the arialysis was perfoonecl.
Used to report results with larye values.
The value is equal to the number before E
times LO to the power of the number after E.
List of Remark Codes
A remark code is used to qualify a data value.
Remark Code Definition
J
M
U
UJ
Atialyte is found in the blank as well as the sanple, irdicates
possible/probable blank contamiriation.
Estimated value; value ;ot accurate.
Presence of material verified but rot quantified.
Compound was analyzed for but not detected. The number is the
minimum detection limit.
Compound was analyzed for but rot detected. The number is the
estimated minimum detection limit.
5/86
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12.0 LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
Three general issues to discuss: (1) Gaining entry to a site;
(2) Legal issues relating to activities on-site; (3) Post
inspection issues.
12.1 Gaining entry to a site
- Consent
- "Conditional" consent: conditions cannot be accepted if
they improperly limit EPA's statutory rights to enter and inspect.
Improper conditions include:
(1) requirements not only to sign visitors' log
(that's ok), but "hold harmless" or "indemnification"
agreements
(2) requirements of prior notice
(3) "confidentiality" agreements
(4) restrictions on use of photographs
(5) allowing entry only to portions of the facilities,
or consent to some but not all of the inspectors.
- Obtaining an inspection warrant in the event of denial
or "conditional" consent (legally equivalent to denial): Bases
for obtaining civil warrant are (1) reason to believe a violation
is occurring or has occurred, or (2) selection of site pursuant
to a "neutral administrative scheme"
- Warrant also naming state inspectors as EPA "Authorized
representatives"
12-1 5/86
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- Executing a warrant: need to make a return of warrant
"giving inventory of samples and documents obtained
12.2 Legal Issues Relating to Activities Conducted On-Site
- Chain-of-custody procedures for all samples taken:
labeling, proper storage, etc., keep the "links" strong and few
- Splitting samples with site operator
- Inspectors' notebooks: may be discoverable through a
request for production of documents in litigation, subject
to FOIA re Congressional subpoena: keep them objective, well-
organized, and identify in the notebook any information given
confidentiality by company or by informant
- Estoppel: operators may attempt to tie Government's
hands by asserting that they relied upon something you said, and
preventing Government from taking position (e.g. an enforcement)
different from one allegedly taken by you. Be circumspect in
your comments to site operator.
12.3 Post-Inspection Issues
- Responding to claims of confidentiality
- Press relations: may indicate facts of inspection, but
not recommendations or views as to enforcement or other follow-up
- Appearing as a witness in deposition, hearing, or trial
(see attached list of pointers for prospective witnesses)
- Expert witness training seminar: valuable training in
the litigation process and in testifying as an expert witness
12-2 5/86
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POINTS FOR PROSPECTIVE WITNESSES (Second Version)
I. ALWAYS TELL THE TRUTH. As a witness in a federal
criminal case ic is your absoLute duty co tell ths truth
to the base of your ability. Do that and let the chips
fall where they may - what effect the facts may have en
the prosecution or the defense is solely the'concern of
the judge or jury, not.of the witness.
2. DON'T VOLUNTEER INFORMATION YOU ARE NOT ASKED.
In your living room you can inject consnents nobody has
asked you to make. In Court you can't. Confine your •
answers to what you are asked, because information you
volunteer may be inadmissible evidence or may be
irrelevant to the case. If you are right that the infor-
mation you might want to volunteer is important, one
lawyer or the other will ask you.
3. DO NOT TELL WHAT OTHER PEOPLE .SAID OR WHAT YOU THINK
UNLESS YOU ARE SPECIFICALLY- ASKED TO DO SO.
If you are asked vhat someone satil or whau you think
about something, you can answer the question. But in
most cases "hearsay" and opinions are improper in Court.
Unless you are specifically asked to tsll about a
conversation or to give your opinion-, assume that Gvery
question calls solely for what you actually saw, heard,
or did. Above all, don't volunteer hearsay or opinions
you are not asked to give ..
4. IF YOU SEE A LAWYER STARTING TO STAND UP, WAIT FOR
THE OBJECTION.
If you see a lawyer for chs Government or for the defense
starting to get up, he probably wants to object to a
question you were asked. He has the right to have the
judge rule on the objection before your answer. Don't
jump the gun and answer first. If the Judge says
"Objection overruled," then you may answer.
5. YOU CANNOT HE ASKED LEADING QUESTION'S ON DIRECT
EXAMINATION.
As a Government witness, -you' cannot be asked "leading"
questions by the Government on direct examination. A
leading question is one which contains a suggested
5/86
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DME:vk
answer. For example, "Were you able? to see the
defendant ain a gun at the car?" is leading. Or,
"Isn't it a fact that . . ." is a leading question.
Since the Government cannot lead you, you have to
remember all of the facts pertinent to every question
you are asked yourself, without help from the lawyer.
Take your time and be sure to answer the question
completely. If you are asked "Did anything else
happen at that time?" or "'Was anything else said"
you can be sure you have omitted a fact which you
mentioned to the U. S, Attorney or to a Government
agent previously. Take your time and think back to
what else may have happened which you failed to
mention. Do not quickly answer "No" unless you are
sure your answer is complete.
6. YOU CAN REFER TO DOCUMENTS IF YOU MEED TO. It is
usually more effective if you can testify from memory
without looking at anything. But if you need to look
at something to refresh your recollection, you can.
"May I see a copy of my statement to the FBI, I think
tha't will refres'h my recollection on that exact date,"
or -a similar answer is entirely proper for you to say
from the stand, on either direct examination by the
Government or on cross-examination.
7. DON'T GUESS. If you don't know the answer to a
question, just say so. It is wrong to guess if you
don't actually know the answer. If you know most of
the answer but not all of the details, you can say
so. For example, if you are asked, "When did your last
see the defendant" and you know the month or year but
not the date, don't say "I can't recall", say that you
can recall the approximate but not the exact .time, and
state it to the best of your recollection. But never guess
if you have no first hand information.
8. DO NOT ASSUME THAT LONG-PAST EVENTS ARE ALWAYS DIM
IN YOUR MEMORY.
Seme witnesses will say in answer to a question "That
was five years ago and so I can't remember" or "My
recollection is .poor for what happened that far back."
12-4 5/86
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This is usually wrong and misleading. The importance
of an event is usually more important than how long _a£p_
it was in determining how well you can remember it.
Charts of memory have proven that most forgetting takes
place within a very short time after the event. You
may remember Pearl Harbor Day in 1941 and may not
.remember what you had for breakfast two days ago. If
what you saw or heard struck you as important or unusual,
you can probably remember it clearly even if it was a
long time ago. If that is true and if you are asked,
say so. If you don't remember something, just say
"I don't'remember". The chances are that you don't
remember it because it didn't strike you as important
at the time.
9. NEVER GET ANGRY. Some cross-examiners try to get
witnesses angry so that they will make an error that
the cross-examiner can dramatize. When you are angry,
you are least likely to do your duty as a witness,
which is to give truthful answers. If a lawyer tries to
anger you, remember that he has a purpose. Your best
reply is to remain absolutely calm and answer the
questions. Remember that nothing a lawyer says is
evidence of anything unless it is answered affirmatively
by the witness. Remember that you are a witness and
are not on trial in the case, no matter what you may be
asked. If questions are too insulting, the Government
may object, but it is much better if the witness can
remain calm and handle every question without help from
the Government. If you have made any mistakes in
connection with the case, just admit them and the
suspense will be gone from the subject. If you haven't,
you should have no problem either.
10. BE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND THE QUESTION. If you don't
absolutely understand a question, ask the examiner
to explain what he means. This is especially important
if the question is vague or contains value-judgment words,
such as "Isn't it a fact that the defendant was always
open and above-board in his dealings?" A question like
12-5 5/86
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that can cause ycur answer to be misleading unless you
have it clarified as to just what is meant.
11. BEWARE OF COMPOUND QUESTIONS., If you are asked
several questions rolled into one, it will usually be
impossible to answer accurately unless you break them
down. In such a case, you may say, "That contains
several aspects, which I'll try to answer one by one."
Cr, if the questions is too long, you can say, "Can
you break that down for me and ask me the questions one
at a time."
12. BEWARE OF LEADING QUESTIONS CONTAINING HALF-TRUTHS.
Witnesses are frequently asked leading questions suggest-
ing information that is either half true or contains
facts not within the witness's knowledge. Such ques-
tions frequently sound plausible on their face, and
there is a temptation to answer them "Yes" or "Mo" when
that would not be accurate. If' a question contains
information that partly true and partly false, an
explanation is necessary. The explanation should be in
your own words. Don't allow a cross-examiner to put
words in your mouth. Remember that the judge or jury
will draw conclusions from your answers. The lawyer is
not there to engage in polite conversations. He is try-
ing to establish facts that he thinks will help his
client. It is your duty to see to it that whatever is
established by ycur testimony is "the truth, Che whole
truth, and nothing but the truth."
13. BEWARE OF YES OR NO. Some witnesses have the notion
that all questions should be answered "Yes11 or "No."
That is frequently untrue. Many questions cannot be
answered accurately with "Yes " or "No" because they
contain half-truths or ambiguous phrases that can be
misinterpreted later if answered "Yes" or "No." These
are the questions that call for an explanation and in
response to which you shculd state the facts of what
happened in your own words. If the lawyer asks you
to answer "Yes or Mo", you are entitled to tell him*
that it can't be ansxvsred "Yes or Mo" without che
12-6 5/86
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DM3
answer being misleading. If he insists, you can say
something like, "If it has to be answered 'Yes or Mo1
I suppose the answer would be 'No..1 It should be
explained or it is misleading," The Court will not
direct you to answer "Yes or No", unless the question
permits that kind of answer.
14. "ISN'T IT A FACT" Be careful of questions
start "Isn11 it a fact that . . ." or "The fact is . . . ,
isn't it?" Theso are usually leading questions contain-
ing implications that may be only partly true and that
require an explanation.
t »
15. YOU MAY BE INTERRUPTED. When you explain an answer,
you may often be interrupted by the cross-examiner, who
will start the next question. Let him finish and then
bring him back to your unfinished answer. "Before I
answer that, I want to finish my answer to our last
question." This is very important because the cross-
examiner may try to stop you when you have answered the
rest of the question that explains the first part of
the answer. You have to say whether you were finished,
because the Government counsel doesn't know if you were
through or not.
16. BEWARE OF EXACT DISTANCES AND TC1ES. The cross-
examiner will frequently suggest to you distances and
times of events when your do not recall the actual
time or distance. Do not agree with him unless your
would independently arrive at the same estimate as he
gives. If you make an estimate, be sure to say it's
only an estimate.
17. YOU HAVE TALKZD WITH GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES.
There is no secret about the fact that you have talked
with an Assistant U.S. Attorney or with other Government
agents. Indeed there is no secret, of course, about
anything you know about the case once you are on the stand
You will be under oath to tell whatever you know that
you are asked. Some witnesses think there is something
improper about talking to the- prosecutor before trial
and when asksd if they talked with anyone will answer
"No." The credibility of such a witness is, naturally,
entirely destroyed because no lawyer will put a witness
12-7 5/86
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on the stand without talking with hin first. Your
conversations with Government agents may, however,
be the subject of leading questions designed to create
a false, impression. For example, if you are asked
"Did you discuss your testimony?" and say ";(o" the
impression is that you didn't talk with anyone; if you
say "Yes" the implication is that you were told what
to say. tiers, as with other leading questions', state
the facts in your own words. For example, if it is
true you can say "I talked with the Assistant and he
asked me questions, and then went over it with me to
see if his impression of what I knew was correct. Ke
told me to tell the truth."
13. YOU MAY BE ASKED ABOUT PRIOR STATEMENTS. Under
the law, defense counsel cay get to see prior statements
you may have made to Government agents. One group of
questions may be designed to learn whether you made such
statements. If you did sign a written statement, or if
someone took notice while you were interviewed, there
is no secret about that. On the other hand, if you are
xiot sure, do not assume that someone was taking notes.
That may lead defense counsel to demand nonexistent
notes and could prove embarrassing to the Government.
If you are not sure whether notes were taken or whether
you signed a statement, you can simply say that you
can't recall.
19. DON'T BE UTSET IF THSRE AR5 SOfrg INCONSISTENCIES.
Anytime a person tails the same story twice, no matter hew
carefully, there are likely to be at least some inconsist-
encies. If there is an inconsistency with a prior state-
ment you made, simply tell the best recollection you have
of what happened, and if there is an e:-cplanatian for the
inconsistency, give it. Sometimes it can't be your
mistake, but the mistake of the one who took your state-
ment. If that is so, simply say that your recollection
is that you told him something else, and you believe it's
his mistake.
12-8 5/86
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20. YOU DON'T HAVE TO DISCUSS THE CASE WITH AMYGMZ.
It is possible that the defendant, his counsel or someone
on his behalf may ask to talk with you about the case,
You are entirely free to do that if you want to. But you
don't have to. Whether you do or not is entirely up to
you. It is not up to the Government to tell you that
you should or that you shouldn't discuss the_case with
the defense. But you should understand that you have no
legal obligation- to talk with anyone'unless you wish to.
The only time you are required to answer questions is
on the witness stand on direct or cross-examination,
and if the defense wants to subpoena you, they can do
so and you will have to answer their questions on the
stand. That is the only time you are required to talk.
If you do discuss the case prior to taking the stand with
the defendant or his counsel, remember that you will be
asked about any claimed inconsistencies between what you
say on the stand and what the defendant or his counsel
may believe you told them. You will not have a stenographic
transcript to establish what you said or did not say.
In the event, of course, that you are subjected to any
threats or pressure, you should contact the U.S. Attorney's
Office immediately. Should that happen, try to note
down exactly what was said to you as soon after the event
as you can.
21. REMAIN DIGNIFIED QN THS STAMP AT ALL TIKES. As a
witness called on behalf of the United States in a federal
criminal case, it is your duty to remain dignified on the-
stand at all times. Do not chew gum or have things which
you may have brought with you, other than necessary
records, in your hands while testifying. Wear appropriate
clothing. In some cases, witnesses have appeared in
combat boots to testify in Federal Court. This makes a
poor impression on the Court. Never wisecrack in answer
to a question or try to make fun of the cross-examiner.
He has a right to ask questions and have them answered
in a serious manner. Do not answer a question with
another question unless it is to ask the cross-examiner
to clarify what he is asking. Answers such as' "How am
I supposed to remember?" or "what would you have dona?"
are improper.
22. YOU ARE PERFORMING A*f rj.PORTAMT PUBLIC SERVICE.
By testifying in z. federal criminal tr_al, you are
performing an important service for your country ar.d
12-9 5/86
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DMB:vk
fulfilling an important duty as a citizen. Some
witnesses lock en testifying as an inconvenience. This
is wrong, because if we wish to have the benefits of law
enforcement we have to do our pare to establish the facts
Whether thars has been a violation, of course, is for the
Court or jury to decide, not for you. Even if your
knowledge seems small, it may form a crucial .part of a
larger mosaic that must be established for the case
to be decided properly. You should look on the duty
to testify as an opportunity to play a significant
part in an important function of Government rather than
an absolutely necessary requirement. The length of time
other witnesses will take is largely beyond the control
of the Government, as it depends on the length of cross-
examination.
12-10 . 5/86
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13.0 LABORATORY CONSIDERATIONS
13.1 INTRODUCTION
To many people, the laboratory is something like a magical "Black Box",
where samples of every conceivable form is sent in one door, and then,
given enough time and urgent phone calls to the chemists, the answers are
wondrously, if not belatedly, received through the answer door. There is
a little bit more to it than that; a great deal of preparation of
samples must be done. There are intruments that need calibration and
quality assurance samples ta be done . After that, the reports must be
calculated, and the data verified and entered into the computer. The
types of analyses that are performed by the laboratory vary in the degree
of complexity, but a rule of thumb that can be used is that the more
answers that can be gleaned from a single analysis, the more complex the
analysis, and the more effort and time that has to be invested into the
procedure. The purpose of this section is to familiarize the reader
more closely with the amount of work involved with each analysis to give
him/her more appreciation of the effort and costs needed.
The reader should also understand that there is a tremendous amount of
"overhead" associated with sample handling that does not appear on the
data report sheets; sample storage, dumping, hazardous waste handling,
quality assurance, and maintenance of supplies and instruments are also
needed to keep the lab functioning and does not permit the chemist or
biologist to work only on samples all of the time. Continual bureaucratic
and administrative folderol also occupy a significant amount of time.
The reader should also remember that one analyst performs several different
types of analyses; the commitment of a person to one analysis means that
others will not be done at that time.
13-1 5/86
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13.2 SAMPLE LOG-IN AND DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES
When samples are received in the laboratory, they must first be logged
into the laboratory data system. At this point, the analyst is unaware
that they are at the lab. To keep track of all the loose ends that could
possibly occur, records must be unambiguous from the beginning. The
beginning means THE BEGINNING. Of utmost importance, the paperwork that
accompanies the samples to_ the laboratory must be_ complete and cle'ar in
order to expedite the log-in process. If the paperwork is wrong, resoT-
ving discrepencies takes time away from other duties, slowing the entire
process. If there are problems and the person doing the logging cannot
contact the sampler to clarify questions, the samples are in limbo
for that much longer before they can be analyzed. The speed at which the
samples are entered into the system also depends on other factors that are
beyond the control of the lab; e.g., if the PDP-1170 is burdened with several
users.at the same time, or if it is taking a vacation, the entry process
can be slowed considerably.
The first step in logging in samples is to verify that there is a sample
for every sample number on the Field Sample Data Sheet. The number and
types of sample containers are noted and checked that the analyses
requested are appropriate for the containers present. An in-house form is
prepared to document this step.
The next step for the records person is to enter the field data into the
computer, establish the computer reporting forms for entering data into
the computer, and generate bench data sheets for the chemists to transcribe
the data onto. Bench data sheets are not generated for the pesticides,
PCBs, or GC/MS organics analyses. GC/MS header sheets will be generated
in the near future by the computer printer. Finally, a file is prepared
to store all of the hardcopy data for the particular survey to be kept in
the records room.
The amount of time required by this procedure depends a great deal upon
the number of samples and analyses requested, and how unencumbered the
computer is. For 10 samples for organic parameters, with all variables at
the optimum level, the amount of time needed would be about 2 hours. If
there are problems with the paperwork, that time would increase varying
amounts. For 10 samples for inorganic, nutrient or metals, depending upon
the number of parameters requested, the time is less, about 1.5 hours.
Time is also needed to generate the bench data sheets on the printer,
which can add to the time if there are many of them.
Special chain of custody or enforcement samples need much tighter controls
as far as access to the samples and related data is concerned. They must
be secured in a locked refrigerator and the paperwork must be kept in a locked
file. For cases that get to court, much time photocopying lab books and similar
documents is consumed.
Samples that are shown to be high in toxic or hazardous compounds require
special treatment. If possible, the volume is reduced; but the sample
cannot be merely dumped. It must be kept is a special disposal drum
for removal to an approved disposal site. It is important, therefore,
excessive amounts of a sample not be taken.
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SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
The parameters listed in this section are given on the Physical and
General Inorganics and Ion Chromatograph Analysis Required sheet. They
are the type of analysis that give only one answer per sample and are the
simplest and quickest to run. The sample preparation steps are fairly
quick; each of the parameters may use one or several of the steps. The basic
preparation steps include weighing and/or measuring, filtration, and
instrument calibration. Conductivity, pH, and turbidity only require
instrument calibration. Methods that use titration techniques, such as
total alkalinity or hardness, acidity, chloride, sulfate, sulfide,
and the species of carbonate requires reagent standardization, and
accurate measurement of the 'sample. Cyanide and fluoride require filtra-
tion in addition to the above steps.
The turbidimeter, conductivity meter, and pH meter are the instruments
used for their respective parameters. They require initial calibration
with a known amount of standard, periodic calibration checks during the
analysis of the samples, but no accurate volume measurement of samples.
Conductivity also requires temperature adjustment of samples. These para-
meters are the most rapid to perform; if sample preparation and calibra-
tion are included, about 10 samples of each parameter can be done per hour.
Titrations involve more careful aliquot measurement of samples, in addition to
preparation of standards and reagents. They generally rely upon end-point
detection to quantify amounts. The end-point detection is done by color
indicators or determined by ion specific probes, as for the sulfide
determination. They are also fairly rapid to report; about 10 samples
of each parameter can be analyzed per hour. Alkalinity and hardness are
determined titri metrically.
The ion Chromatograph is similar to a liquid Chromatograph in that several
different species of ions can be analyzed with one injection. At the
present time, only sulfate and chloride are regularly determined with
the instrument. Sometimes cyanide samples are run to confirm values from
a different technique. In the future, sodium, potassium, calcium, and
magnesium will be determined on the ion Chromatograph to expedite data
reporting, rather that using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As
with the above procedures, about 10 samples can be analyzed per hour.
A point to remember with all parameters is that if the samples are
especially dirty and foul, they will probably require more than one
analysis, possibly even 3 or more. In addition, an extremely dirty sample
can contaminate the instrument and it would need purging or cleaning
before more samples could be run. When several parameters are determined
simultaneously on the same instrument, if one parameter is beyond the
working limits of the standard curve, the sample must be analyzed again.
This can bog down the final reporting process.
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13.4 OXYGEN DEMAND, SOLIDS. AND NUTRIENTS
The oxygen demand analyses, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) require the least amount of equipment to perform, but
require a large amount of chemist's time to do. They are both titration
techniques, using colorimetric endpoint detection. BODs require many BOD
bottles, and a large incubator. Each sample is set-up in 3 levels of
dilution and in duplicate, and allowed to incubate for 5 days, or longer
if the method specifies. When the samples are set, the initial oxygen
level is determined, and then other bottles are titrated after the incu-
bation period. When preparation time is considered, it takes about 1 hour
per BOD sample. CODs do not require incubation, but they do require
digestion on a hot plate for about 4 hours. They are also titrated to
measure the amount of oxygen consumed in the digestion process. As with
the BOD, it takes about 1 hour for each sample.
The solids parameters also do not require much in the way of exotic
equipment. What is needed is a balance (accurate to 0.0001 gm), a drying
oven, and a muffle furnace capable of achieving temperatures of in excess
of 400°C. Most of the time needed to perform these analyses is in the
drying or igntion steps rather than hands-on chemist time. Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS) and Total Solids (TS) need to be evaporated overnight,
while 2 hours' drying time is enough for Total Suspended Solids (SS),
Volatile Solids (TVS), or Volatile Suspended Solids (TVSS). But TVS and
TVSS both need a 2 hour ignition time in a muffle furnace after the
initial drying step. All solids samples must cool down in a desicator
before weighing for an hour after drying or ignition . The amount of
hands-on time needed for TDS, SS, and TVS for 10 samples is about 1 hour;
for TS, 30 minutes are needed, and 90 minutes are needed for TVSS. These
times must be added to the drying and ignition times to arrive at the
total analysis time. Percent Total Solids needs only about 15 minutes
for preparation of 10 samples, but needs to dry overnight. The other
solids parameters are done infrequently.
Most of the nutrient parameters are analyzed on the Technicon AutoAnalyzer II
(AAII). Four of the parameters, dissolved ortho phosphate, nitrate-nitrite
nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen, are analyzed simultaneously.
Cyanide and fluoride are also analyzed on the AAII. Kjeldahl nitrogen
and total phosphorus require a digestion step before final determination.
Kjeldahl nitrogen is then analyzed by the AAII, but total phosphorous is
determined manually using a spectrophotometer- The first four parameters
listed must first be filtered and transferred to small sample cups for
analysis. A great deal of care must be used to prevent cross-contamination
of samples during this process. The cups are next loaded onto a sampler
and all four parameters are analyzed simultaneously on the same sample.
If one of the samples is beyond the linear range of the calibration curve,
the sample must be run again. To analyze 10 water samples that are not
particularly dirty requires almost 4 hours. Much of this time is set-up
and preparation time; when more samples are done, the amount of time
needed increases, but not proportionally. For Kjeldahl and total phosphorous
analyses, about 6 hours are needed for 10 water samples, due to the
digestion time.
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A11 of the above parameters are reported by manual methods. The raw data -
is read from the instrument and then transcribed to the bench data sheet.
Calculations are then performed on the data using factors that are listed
on the sheet.The values are verified by another person before being given
to the data records person for entry into the computer. This can lead to
occasional clerical errors, but not very often. It is very slow and
tedious, and adds more time to the total analysis procedure. If there are
a great many samples, reporting can be a very large percentage of the
total time.
13.5 METALS
Metals analysis involves a great deal more preparation than any
of the previously mentioned parameters. A digestion step is necessary for
all metals analyses, except the drinking water parameters, and that step can
take a great deal of time if the samples are very dirty, or contain a lot
of organTc matter. The degree of effort needed for sample preparation
increases from water samples up through soil/sediment/ sludge, tissue,
oil/solvent, and EP TOX. If there is a large amount of organic matter,
digestion must continue for a few hours until the samples are ready. They
must be watched closely and more acid and/or other reagents are
added as needed. The samples are then diluted to a known volume and
then run on the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).
The AAS is automated for analyzing samples. An aliquot of the sample is
transferred to a sample cup, and then the cup is put into the sampler.
Metals run with the graphite furnace atomizer are fully automated.
The initial instrument parameters are set, and the furnace automatically
cycles through the proper drying, ashing, and vaporization steps for each
sample and also does the desired amount of rinsing of the sampling probe
to eliminate contamination. However, every time a new element is wanted,
the lamp must be changed and properly aligned before the automated steps
can be followed again. The final reporting step is also not automated.
Although the microprocessor in the instrument can perform the calculations,
the data still has to be manually transcribed to the bench data sheets
and verified before they are given to the records person.
The amount of time needed to do 10 water samples for the priority pollutant
elements, which consists of 13 different metals, is about 32 hours. For
program workgroups that require more or fewer metals, the amount of time
is proportionally greater or less. Sample matrix will also increase the
time needed. With tissue samples, the amount of preparation time can
increase by a factor of 4 or more if the desired tissue has to be disected
before it can be digested. So a set of 10 fish tissues for a hazardous
waste workgroup of 24 metals would probably take about 2 weeks to complete.
Additionally, if there are severe matrix interferences, the sample would
have to be done by the method of standard additions; which involves spiking
4 sample replicates with increasing levels of the metal in order to
graphically obtain an answer by extrapolation.
EP TOX metals for soils require a large amount of time for extracting the
soils with a water solution and repeated checking of pH. For this reason,
10 EP TOX soil samples require about 6 days to complete.
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13.6 ORGANIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
The organic chemicals analyses as performed by the Gas Chromatograph (GC)
or Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) give several parameters for each sample run.
The main limitation as to the number of compounds that can be determined
at one time is the number of compounds in the calibrating standard, and
the quality of the resulting chromatogram. They are very complex analyses
that requiring a great deal of time in all aspects of analysis- preparation,
analysis, reduction and reporting. Additionally, very low levels of
pollutants are routinely searched for, so extra caution is used to prevent
cross contamination. Because very low detection limits for a large number
of compounds are readily produced, analysis by these methods seems to
be in high demand. Unfortunately, the capacity is finite, and limited
largely by the number of persons available to work on the analyses.
The preparation of samples for analysis is a lengthy process. Only organic
solvents can be safely injected into the instruments, so the samples have
to be extracted from their original medium, and also concentrated to
enhance detection limits. To avoid damage to the GC columns and enhance
detection limits, additional cleanup of the samples may be necessary.
Water samples are the quickest to extract; if there are no physical problems
during the extraction, such as emulsions, 10 samples can be extracted
is about 6 hours. When a set of samples are extracted, QA/QC samples,
such as duplicate spikes and blanks are co-extracted in addition to the
samples. If there are problems, the extraction could take from 8 to
10 hours, since the emulsions must be eliminated at each step before
proceeding to the next one. Soil and sediment samples are extracted by
continuous extraction using a Soxhlet extraction device, which extracts
samples in a permeable, cellulose thimble by refluxing heated solvent
from a reservoir for several hours. As many as 24 samples, blanks, and
spikes can be extracted at the same time, but each requires further
cleanup using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC separates the
compounds of interest from contaminants by a size exclusion process;
large, contaminant molecules pass through faster than smaller molecules.
GPC can only do two at a time, and needs about 1 hour for each pair of
samples. Extracting 10 soil samples takes about 15 hours, including
solvent volume reduction. Sludge samples, which are a combination of
water and sediment or muck, take more time than soil samples. Tissue
samples are the worst. The tissue, if it has been previously disected
from the animal, has to be mascerated in solvent 3 times using a high-
speed homogenizer, and then reduced in volume, followed by GPC cleanup.
They take the longest amount of time and effort, about 2.5 days or more
for 10 samples. Before final volume reduction, the sample is split if
both GC and GC/MS analyses are to be done.
Compounds that are similar to the compounds of interest are added to the
samples prior to the extraction process to monitor extraction efficiency;
they are called surrogate spikes. A GC separaates compounds based on the
different length of time a compound may spend in a column before elution
into the detector. When the samples are ready for the GC, they are injected
manually or automatically on the instrument. The instruments require
daily calibration injections, and the samples must be analyzed on two
dissimilar columns to confirm the presence of a target compound, i.e.,
compound present in the standard. Under conditions identical to the
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injection of the standards, compounds positively identified in samples
have the same retention time as in the standards. The raw data must be
transcribed and calculated on bench data sheets to be reported. Pesticides,
PCBs, and herbicides are measured on GCs. The herbicides also require an
additional step to chemically change (derivatize) it into a compound that
can be more reliably chromatographed. Considering only optimum conditions,
10 pesticide samples take 30 hours to analyze, PCBs take 24 hours, and
herbicides take 45 hours. These times are increased the more complex
and dirty the matrix.
There are a total of 5 GCs in use at the Region 10 Lab. They are used for the
analysis of pesticides, PCBs, and herbicides. Each sample has to be injected
twice on a GC on dissimilar columns in order to confirm the presence of a
target compound. Each day that samples are run, a series of calibration standards
must first be injected; they would include about 5 pesticide standards and 2 PCB
standards. Three of the GCs have electronic data processors with them, while the
other two use strip chart recorders. The chromatograms have to be reduced
manually by measuring peak heights or areas. The data for the two GC runs
are transcribed onto individual data report sheets prior to reporting the
answers for a set of samples. On a best case basis, to analyze and report 10
samples, plus their blanks and spikes, two working days are required. If one
or more dilutions must be made to get the samples on scale, then the time needed
could take 4 or 5 days.
In the lab, there are 4 GC/MS instruments; two are dedicated to analyzing the
the base-neutral/acid (BNA) fraction and two are dedicated to analyzing
volatile organic samples (YOA). Since there are several of these high-power
instruments, one could naively assume that the Manchester Lab can produce
data faster than the field personnel can send samples in to feed it; alas,
that is very far from the truth. In the first place, not all of the steps
necessary to report data are automated. It is true that the data system can
automatically search for, find, quantify and report target compounds in a
sample. However, there are many manual verification and bookkeeping steps
also involved with the samples and other essential tasks that are part of the
total analysis but not visible to the person requesting the data. The GC/MS
analyst also must visually verify the presence of a compound by inspection
of the mass spectra, calculate the concentrations, verify and calculate
tentative compounds, calculate recoveries of the surrogate spiking compounds
(which are indicators of extraction efficiency), archive the data on
magnetic tape, collate the data for a set of samples, and perform several
other relatively minor, but critical, jobs related to record keeping.
QA samples and procedures require much more time than on other analyses.
Before any samples can be run, the instrument must pass certain tests.
The mass calibration is checked by injecting a reference compound into
instrument. If the instrument mass calibration meets certain speci-
fications, then a standard must be injected. The standard contains selected
target compounds that are either System Performance Check Compounds
(SPCC), or Continuing Calibration Compounds (CCC). The SPCC compounds
must exceed a minimum response factor (RF) value to demonstrate the GC/MS
is functioning satisfactorily. The CCC compounds must have an RF that is
within +_ 25% of the average RF of the initial five standard calibration
curve. When these requirements are met, then regular analyses can proceed.
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QA samples, such as blanks and spikes, are also run; they can account for
at least 30% of the total number of runs, and some months have been
as high has 65%.
The amount of time required to analyze 10 water samples for the BNA fraction,
assuming the most optimum conditions, including blanks, standards, and
spikes, is about 45 hours. Samples that need more than one injection per sample,
and have many tentative compounds to report, may take twice or more as much
time.
The VOA analysis by GC/MS is similar to BNA considering the instrument
calibration. The actual sample preparation is much shorter. The target
compounds are removed from the sample matrix by a purge and trap procedure
that is a part of the instrumental analysis. The compounds are purged
from the sample onto a trap by a stream of He gas for several minutes.
A valve is switched, and the compounds are backflushed from the trap onto
the GC column, where they are cryogenically concentrated at the top of the
column. Thereafter, they are analyzed by a similar process as the BNA
samples. Ten water samples that don't require dilution can be analyzed
and reported in 35 hours; soil and sediment samples need a little more
time because they have to first be weighed and the percent moisture
determined. Solid samples that need extraction with methanol and then
2 or more analyses would need at least 3 times the amount of time.
The Manchester Lab also has two high performance liquid chromatographs
(HPLC). This instrument can be used for any compound that is too
unstable to be analyzed by GC. It is also useful for compounds that have
a high boiling points and tend to degrade on a GC column during analysis.
It can be used for other compounds that would normally need to be derivatized
chemically before analysis on a GC. The HPLC is also useful for analy-
zing some compounds that are normally determined by GC/MS, but all of the
other priority pollutant compounds are not wanted; sample turnaround
times can be reduced. The HPLC uses a ultraviolet or fluorescence (or both)
detector. The disadvantage of the HPLC is that it is not at sensitive as
a GC, nor is it as selective as a GC/MS for PNAs. The HPLC is currently
set up to analyze the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs or PAHs);
pentachlorophenol (PCP) has also been analyzed on it. The amount of time
needed to analyze 10, relatively clean, water samples is about 20 hours;
this includes extraction, analysis (one sample per hour), reduction and
reporting. If the samples are dirty and/or have high levels of PNAs,
then about twice as much time is needed.
Purgeable halocarbons and trihalomethanes are also analyzed on a GC,
but are kind of a hybrid of a GC and a VOA analysis. The purge and trap
method of separation is used, as with a VOA, but the detector used is
a Hall Electrolytic Conductivity Detector, not a mass spectrometer.The
Hall detector can detect compounds with halogen atoms, but not other
aromatic (benzene) or aliphatic (unsaturated carbon and hydrogen)
compounds. The raw data is recorded on chart paper with the chromatogram
and a initial quantitation also printed. It can't detect benzene compounds
unless they are halogenated. About 24 work hours are needed to analyze
10 water and QA samples; as with all the rest, more time is needed for
highly concentrated samples.
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SYSTEM
The mission of the Manchester Laboratory is to meet the analytical needs of
the EPA and WDOE programs. Nearly all of the EPA work performed at the
laboratory comes from the Region 10 program offices, and all resources at
the lab come from program elements controlled by the programs. It is
therefore important that the programs have some method of determining
whether they are getting their money's worth.
A laboratory allocation system is being developed that will tie laboratory
activities directly to the FTE investment made by the programs. A
program that contributes more FTE resources to ESD and the lab will receive
a proportionally greater share of the laboratory's sample output.
The initial system will allocate based on general program (air, water
permits/compliance, etc.) and work station (GC/MS, nutrients, pesticides,
metals, etc.) in a given time period. For example, Superfund might have
an allocation of 10 BNA scans per month.
The programs will be in control of their allocation. Operation Offices
will have to coordinate their needs with the programs for lab time. It
is clear that not all programs will use their entire allocation during each
allocation period. It is even clearer that during some periods, some
programs will need more lab time than they are allocated. One person will be
designated in each program to coordinate allocation. In addition to deciding
how best to use the lab capacity available to the program, that person
will also be expected to project future use. The Regional Sample Control
Center will collate current and projected usage information and assist
in "brokering" lab time. Laboratory analyses are expensive and the need
for this service is vital. While it is not expected that the "brokering"
process will be particularly time consuming, it will probably be quite
active.
The allocation system is a new initiative. If only the EPA lab were in-
volved, implementation of the system would be challenging with a real
likelihood that many adjustments would be necessary before the system was
working smoothly. Because the Washington Department of Ecology is located
and even integrated with EPA laboratory activities, this period of adjustment
will be even more interesting.
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ID
03
pH. Cond, Alk.
Nutrients
Ind. Metals
BOD, COD,
Sulfide, Cyanide
RGB's
Purgeables
Pesticides
PP metals
Volatiles
Bioassay fish
A/B-N Water
EP Tox Soil
A/B-N Soil
PP Scan Mater
RELATIVE ANALYSIS TIMES
Time/10 Samples
CD
i—l
n
Hours
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