EPA 9TO/9-87-166
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA
September 1987
Office of Ground Water
v>EPA Support Document
For the Designation of the
Newberg Area Aquifer as a
Sole Source Aquifer
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Support Document for Designation of
the Newberg Area Aquifer
as a Sole Source Aquifer
Prepared by
The Office of Ground Water
U.S. EPA Region 10
Seattle, Washington 98101
September 1987
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Support Document for Designation
of the Newberg Area Aquifer
as a Sole Source Aquifer
Sole Source Aquifer Program
The Safe Drinking Water Act, Public Law 93-523, was signed into law on
December 16, 1974.1 This act provides the statutory basis for EPA
designation of sole source aquifers. Section 1424(e) of the Act states:
"If the Administrator determines, on his own initiative or upon petition,
that an area has an aquifer which is the sole or principal drinking water
source for the area and which, if contaminated, would create a
significant hazard to public health, he shall publish notice of that
determination in the Federal Register. After the publication of any such
notice, no commitment for Federal financial assistance (through a grant,
contract, loan guarantee, or otherwise) may be entered into for any
project which the Administrator determines may contaminate such aquifer
through a recharge zone so as to create a significant hazard to public
health, but a commitment for Federal assistance may, if authorized under
another provision of law, be entered into to plan or design the project
to assure that it will not so contaminate the aquifer."
Petition
On January 16, 1984, the Region 10 Office of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) received a petition^ from the Newberg Organization, Inc., a
citizens' group located in the Lake Bosworth area of Snohomish County,
Washington. The petitioners requested that the EPA designate an area
traversed by Newberg Road and including Lake Bosworth (the Newberg Road—Lake
Bosworth Area) as a sole source aquifer and recharge area. This area is
referred to as the 'Newberg Area' in the petition, and as the 'Newberg Area'
or 'petition area1 in this report. A Federal Register notice announcing
receipt of the petition and requesting public comment was published on March
8, 1984 (Vol. 49, No. 47). The petitioners submitted additional data to the
EPA in support of their petition in October 1985 and June 1987.
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Purpose
This document has been prepared to summarize available information on the
petitioned area and its ground-water resources. This information will provide
a basis for EPA action regarding sole source aquifer designation. The
following sections provide short descriptive summaries of each topic. For
more detail the reader is advised to consult the references listed at the end
of the report.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NEiERG ROAD-LAKE 80SWORTN AREA
Geography
The Newberg Road-Lake Bosworth Area, hereafter referred to as the
"Newberg Area", is located in west-central Snohomish County, Washington. The
petitioned area is approximately 22 square miles in area and is located
approximately 15 miles east of the cities of Everett and Marysville, and
immediately south of the Town of Granite Falls. It is an area of high ground
bounded by the valley of the Pilchuck River on the east, north and west
sides. The downstream segment of Dubuque Creek and the upstream segment of
Carpenter Creek form the southern boundary. Land surface elevations range
from 120 feet at the junction of the Pilchuck River and Dubuque Creek to a
maximum of 800 feet near the center of the petition area. These features are
shown on the map of the petition area and vicinity, Attachment 1.
The sole source aquifer and recharge area covers about 15 square miles more
than the petitioned area. This enlarged area is referred to as the 'sole
source aquifer area1 in this report. Available information suggests that the
petitioned area aquifer units extend to the north, east, and south of the
petition area and receive recharge through these adjoining areas as well.
Therefore, these additional areas need to be incorporated into the area being
considered for sole source designations. Aquifer and recharge area boundaries
are shown on Attachment 1 and are discussed in the section of this report
entitled "Aquifer and Recharge Area Boundaries".
Climate
The area's climate is temperate with mild temperatures throughout the year.
Precipitation occurs mostly during the winter months, usually as rain; summer
months are relatively dry. Average annual precipitation at Lake Bosworth
during the 1981-1984 period was 69.6 inches.2
Population
The present total population of the sole source aquifer area is approximately
2,700 persons. The petitioned area and adjoining areas are depicted on the
map of the area, Attachment 1.
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Geology
The geology of the sole source aquifer area Is described on four recently
produced geologic maps.4>5>6,7 These maps depict the nature and
distribution of surficial materials and bedrock within and near the area, and
provide a synopsis of regional stratigraphic relationships. Copies of these
maps are available for perusal by the public at the library of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 office, Seattle, Washington. These
maps can also be purchased directly from the U.S. Geological Survey.
The sole source area is characterized by a thick accumulation of
heterogeneous, unconsolidated glacial sediments overlying assorted bedrock
units of varied origins. Only isolated bedrock outcrops occur within or
immediately adjacent to the petitioned area; areally extensive bedrock
exposures occur only in the more rugged areas to the east and southeast.
BEDROCK UNITS
Several types of bedrock, of varying ages, occur beneath and in the general
vicinity of the unconsolidated deposits of the sole source area. The oldest
of these is a complex Paleozoic and Mesozoic "melange" or group of metamorphic
rocks. These are primarily exposed about one mile east of the Newberg area,
just east of Granite Falls and along the east side of Anderson Road.5 The
melange rocks are intruded by Tertiary plutonic rocks, primarily granite.
These outcrop about 8 to 10 miles east of the petition area, within the
upstream drainage areas of the Pilchuck River. Overlying this assemblage in
some places is a Tertiary conglomerate unit outcropping about five to six
miles east of the Newberg area in the Pilchuck River Valley. In other places,
a Tertiary rhyolite unit overlies the plutonic granite. The rhyolite unit is
exposed only around Hanson Lake, about five miles east of the petition area,
north of the Pilchuck River.
Two additional and yet younger bedrock units also occur in the petition area.
Tertiary volcanic rocks, consisting of dacite and andesite, outcrop along the
Pilchuck River, just west of Granite Falls, and in another small area one-half
mile northwest of Lake Bosworth. The youngest bedrock unit is a Tertiary
sedimentary rock, consisting of shale, siltstone, sandstone, and some
conglomerate. This unit outcrops immediately south of Lake Bosworth, again in
an area between the Pilchuck River and the headwaters of Carpenter Creek (at
the eastern extremity of the petition area), and along the east side of a
two-mile reach of Carpenter Creek, extending northward from Forest Glade.
This unit also outcrops one to two miles south of the petition area along
Dubuque and Roesiger Roads and the west side of the Carpenter Creek Valley.
Another outcrop area occurs one mile to the west along Carlson Road, about one
and one half miles east of the junction of the Pilchuck River and Dubuque
Creek. This unit is also exposed along the western side of the petition area,
on the lower part of the bluff along the east side of the Pilchuck River
Valley. The south end of this outcrop is located across the valley from
Hyland and extends northward approximately two miles.4-5.6,7 small numbers
of individual domestic water supply wells are completed in various bedrock
units in and near the Newberg area. Such wells usually have very low yields
(i.e. 1 to 5 gpm) because they rely on intersecting joints or fractures in the
rocks that may be saturated.
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UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS
Unconsolidated glacial and other surficial deposits cover the surface of
Newberg area to a thickness of more than 300 feet in places. Glacial
sediments were deposited approximately 15,000 years ago during what has been
termed the .Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation.3,4,5,6,7 These
unconsolidated materials, when saturated, provide -the primary source of ground
water used for drinking water purposes in the Newberg area and vicinity.
The surficial deposits in the Newberg area include, in order of deposition,
pre-Vashon or early Vashon deposits, glacial advance outwash sediments,
glacial till, and recessional outwash materials of the Vashon age glaciation.
More recent alluvial deposits are found along river and stream courses.3
The pre-Vashon and early Vashon age deposits have been termed 'transitional
beds'.4,5,6,7 These are the oldest glacial sediments immediately overlying
bedrock. This unit consists of thick beds of gray clay, silt, and fine sand,
with common lenses of coarser sand.4'6 Transitional beds are exposed
immediately west of the Newberg area, on the west side of the Pilchuck River
Valley, about one mile north of Machias.6-7 This unit has been correlated
with the Vashon "Pilchuck clay member" and older deposits of western Snohomish
County.6 Exposures of the "Pilchuck clay" in western Snohomish County
exhibit sand and gravel lenses within the clay beds.3 if tapped by wells,
such lenses could probably provide sufficient water supplies for domestic
purposes.
Advance outwash sediments overlie transitional beds. These sediments have
been correlated with the Esperance Sand member exposed in western Snohomish
County.5.6 The outwash was deposited by rivers and streams flowing off of
the Vashon ice sheet that advanced through the Puget lowland. These sediments
consist of a thick accumulation of fine-grained to gravelly sand, which
generally coarsens upward. There are extensive surface exposures of this unit
in the lower elevation areas of the western portion of the petition area. The
outcrop areas are mainly along the east side of the Pilchuck River Valley, and
its minor tributary valleys that trend west from the petition area. This unit
is also exposed along the valley of Dubuque Creek. The thickness of the
outwash ranges up to 200 feet, but this unit may be absent in places due to
erosion that occurred before deposition of overlying units. On the western
side of the petition area, in the Pilchuck River valley, the unit appears to
directly overly Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed there. Where present, the
outwash sediments are a highly productive water supply source.
Glacial till of the Vashon Stade tends to mantle a major portion of the
surface of western Snohomish County. The till was deposited directly by the
Vashon ice sheet as it advanced over bedrock and previously deposited
sediments.6 In most places till directly overlies advance outwash, although
outwash may be absent due to erosion. This Vashon till covers most of the
surface area of the petition area and immediately surrounding areas, including
all of the upland areas. It is typically found just below a thin topsoil
layer. The till is a compacted, heterogeneous mixture of unsorted clay, silt,
sand, gravel, and boulders, but also includes occasional lenses of stratified,
permeable sand and gravel at depth.3-6 In addition, the uppermost three to
ten feet of the till is weathered and thus tends to be loose and sandy, in
contrast to the more highly compacted and less permeable till below the
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weathered zone. This weathered zone becomes saturated during wet seasons and,
in places, produces quantities of water sufficient for domestic purposes.
Commonly, deeper lenses of sand and gravel within the till are also tapped for
small domestic consumption. Well logs from the Newberg area suggest an
average till thickness of 30 to 40 feet with variations of a few feet to 80 to
90 feet. One well log indicates a till layer 167 feet thick. In general, the
till layer tends to be thicker at higher elevations and thinner at lower
elevations.
The youngest glacial sediments present in the Newberg area are recessional
outwash deposits. These deposits consist of well-drained, stratified sand and
gravel, moderately to well sorted, with zones of stratified silty sand to
silty clay. These sediments were deposited by meltwater from the stagnating
and receding Vashon ice sheet, and include ice-contact fluvial sediments as
well as more distal outwash materials. Recessional outwash occurs in the
lower elevation areas around the northern, southwestern and southern sides of
the of the Newberg area.4.5,6 Available well logs indicate that these
deposits directly overlie Vashon till or bedrock. Nearly the entire length of
the valley of Carpenter Creek is covered with recessional outwash sediments,
ranging in character from sand-dominated (along the upper reaches of Carpenter
Creek) to more fine-grained materials of lacustrine origins in the Carpenter
Creek Valley, immediately south of the petition area.4>5 The thickness of
recessional outwash ranges from approximately 10 to 40 feet.3.6
Recessional outwash also occupies a broad area of the Pilchuck River Valley
west of the petition area, on the west side of the river; and north and
northeast of the petition area, including most of the area between the
Pilchuck River and the South Fork Sti1laguamish River (north of the petition
area), and the entire area of the Town of Granite Falls. The recessional
outwash in these areas is largely sand, consisting of stratified medium- to
coarse- and very coarse-grained sand, with much gravel at depth. This sandy
recessional outwash has been termed the Sti1laguamish Sand Member.6 These
recessional outwash sands range up to 100 feet thick and directly overlie
Vashon till, or, in some places, Teritary sedimentary rocks. Recessional
outwash deposits serve as highly productive sources of water supply.
Holocene (i.e. non-glacial) alluvial deposits are found along the Pilchuck
River Valley along its entire course around the petition area, except for a
1/4-mile long reach just west of Granite Falls. (The river flows over
Teritary volcanic rocks in that reach)5.6.7 These alluvial materials,
partly subject to seasonal flooding, consist of stratified sand and gravel,
with smaller quantities of flood-plain deposited fine-grained materials: fine
sand, silt, clay, and organic-rich sediment. The thickness of this unit
ranges up to 20 feet, with most of that thickness consisting of coarser
grained materials. These deposits, if saturated, could provide small
quantities of drinking water sufficient for domestic use.
Occurrence of Ground Water
Wells in the Newberg area and vicinity tap all of the types of unconsolidated
(glacial) materials and, at some localities, two types of bedrock: Teritary
volcanic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks. Bedrock wells provide only small
quantities of water, nominally sufficient for domestic consumption. Wells
installed in unconsolidated glacial deposits provide most of the ground water
used in the area.
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Within the unconsolidated materials, both shallow (perched) ground water and
deeper ground water are utilized for drinking water purposes. About 95 ground
water users in the Newberg area rely upon shallow dug or drilled wells less
than aproximately 35 ft in depth.2 Well logs and geologic maps indicate
that these shallow wells tap water that is perched above or within the
uppermost portions of the low permeability till which mantles much of the
Newberg area. These wells typically exhibit dramatic seasonal fluctuations in
water levels.
The majority of ground water users in the sole source area utilize deeper
ground water in unconsolidated deposits. About 200 wells tap ground water
occurring under apparently semi-confined conditions at depths of approximately
50 to 400 feet below the land surface. (Because of the relief of the area,
actual well bottom or screen elevations range from 32 to 610 feet above mean
sea level.) These wells are completed in various glacial units. Many wells
are completed in sand lenses occurring within the Vashon till. Yields are
somewhat limited but but sufficient for domestic consumption. Wells are also
completed in advance outwash deposits, which provide high yields to wells. It
is also possible that sandy lenses within the 'transitional beds' at depth are
also tapped. In addition, in the areas where recessional outwash overlies
till, such as near the Town of Granite Falls, wells are generally drilled no
deeper than the bottom of the recesional outwash, not into underlying till.
Recessional outwash deposits typically provide high yields to wells.
In general, there is no single continuous aquifer unit that supplies all
ground water users in the sole source aquifer area. Wells are usually
completed in the first water producing zone encountered during drilling. All
of the different types of glacial materials appear to contain at least some
ground-water producing zones, and can supply water in varying quantities to
varying numbers of wells. The occurrence of water-bearing zones is
unsystematic, laterally and vertically, but there is no evidence that
lower-permeability materials provide complete hydrologic separation between
water bearing zones. Therefore, the entire thickness of unconsolidated
glacial materials must be considered as a complex regional aquifer system.
Aquifer and Recharge Area Boundaries
The original area petitioned for designation as a sole source aquifer was
bounded largely by the Pilchuck River and Dubuque and Carpenter Creeks.
However available data from geologic maps and well logs suggest that all
unconsolidated materials (glacial and other surficial deposits) northeast,
east and south of the petitioned area should also be incorporated into the
sole source aquifer area. The appropriate boundaries for sole source
designation are approximately one to two miles east and south of the
originally petitioned boundaries, and are shown on Attachment 1.
Geologic maps4>5,6,7 an(j wen ]OgS indicate that unconsol idated glacial
deposits extend beneath the Pilchuck River east of the Newberg area, and also
beyond Carpenter and Dubuque Creeks south of the petitioned area.
Specifically, recessional outwash and till appear to be largely continuous
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beneath the river and creek beds; advance outwash, where present beneath the
till, may also be continuous. As land surfaces to the east and south are
generally higher in elevation that the Newberg Area, there is most likely a
westward trending regional- ground-water flow system within the entire regional
accumulation of glacial deposits. Therefore, recharge entering unconsolidated
materials east of the petition area could provide recharge to the deeper
ground-water producing zones within the original petition area—zones lower in
elevation than the Pilchuck River and Carpenter Creek beds on the east side of
the Newberg area. (The Pilchuck River and Carpenter Creek probably serve to
capture only a limited amount of westward regional ground water flow).
Ground-water producing zones in the Newberg area that are higher in elevation
than the Pilchuck River and Carpenter Creek are probably recharged largely by
precipitation falling on the land surface rather than westward trending
regional ground water flow.
Accordingly, the sole source aquifer area incorporates areas with
unconsolidated deposits east of the Pilchuck River and south to Dubuque and
Carpenter Creeks (Attachment 1). The north end of the boundary between areas
of thick accumulations of glacial deposits and, areally extensive bedrock at
the surface lies approximately one-half mile east of Granite Falls. This
boundary extends southeast along the east side of Anderson Road, then roughly
follows Lake Roesiger Road south, part of Carpenter Creek southwest, then
Roesiger, Dubuque, and Carlson Roads sequentially further westward (see
Attachment 1). In the southwest corner of the proposed sole source aquifer
area, the boundary has been due west from the most westward bedrock outcrop in
T29N, R6E, Sections 23 and 26, to the Dubuque Creek drainage basin boundary in
Section 27. From that point it follows the Dubuque Creek basin boundary
northward to the Pilchuck River.
At the north end of the sole source aquifer area, near the Town of Granite
Falls, the boundary has been extended a short distance to the drainage divide
between the Pilchuck and South Fork Sti1laguamish Rivers. On the west side of
the Newberg Area, the Pilchuck River has been retained as the sole source
aquifer boundary because it generally flows at the base of steep bluffs and
bedrock is exposed along an appreciable length of the base of the bluffs.?
Therefore, unconsolidated materials stratigraphically above the bedrock
exposed along the river bed are undoubtedly wholly separated from such
materials west of the river.
Surface Water
The Phil chuck River, Carpenter Creek, Dubuque Creek and its tributary Panther
Creek, the Little Pilchuck Creek, and several unnamed creeks all traverse
various portions of the sole source aquifer area. Lakes within the boundaries
consist of Lake Bosworth, Munzel Lake, and Mi lard Lake. .Lake Bosworth is the
only lake of significant size, 105 acres, in the Newberg Area. The lake is
fed by springs, subsurface flow, and overland flow adjacent to the lake.
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Hater Supply
Water for the sole source aquifer area is supplied by private individual
wells, public water supply wells owned by the Town of Granite FalIs, the City
of Snohomish Pilchuck River surface water transmission line, and surface water
from Lake Bosworth. The individual private wells range in depth from
approximately 20 to 390 feet. Approximately one third of the wells tap the
shallow, perched water at a depth of 0 to 40 feet. The remaining two thirds
of the wells obtain water from depths of greater than 50 feet.
There are approximately 515 private individual wells which supply
approximately 1400 persons with drinking water within sole source aquifer
area. The Town of Granite Falls is supplied by three wells serving
approximately 1,050 persons. The town pumped 3.71 million cubic feet in
1986. The total ground-water use within the sole source aquifer area during
1986 is estimated at 4.29 million cubic feet. Ground water consumption in the
area is summarized in Table 1.
The City of Snohomish is served by surface water diverted from the Pilchuck
River, treated, and then delivered to the City via a transmission line which
traverses part of the southern boundary of the sole source area. The City has
permitted individual residences and businesses to tap into the transmission
line. That portion of the transmission line that is within the sole source
aquifer area serves approximately 130 persons. These individuals used 746,000
cubic feet of water in 1986.
Lake Bosworth provides surface water to approximately 130 persons. Residences
adjoining the lake draw water directly from the lake. The lake provided these
persons with an estimated 56,000 cubic feet in 1986. All available surface
water consumption data are summarized in Table 1.
Ground Hater Quality
Water obtained from the unconsolidated materials tends to be of satisfactory
quality. In some instances, iron and manganese are found in elevated levels.
Recently, naturally occurring arsenic in the drinking water has shown up at
elevated levels in several private wells completed in Tertiary volcanic
bedrock, just west of Granite Falls. Wells that are completed in bedrock have
probably drilled into a mineralized vein containing arsenic-bearing minerals,
thereby showing elevated arsenic levels in the water.
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TABLE
WATER CONSUMPTION WITHIN THE
SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER AREA—1986
Ground Water Use
Town of Granite
Falls
Individual
Wells
Volume in
Thousand
Cubic ft.
3,710
578
Number
of
Connections
499a
515C
Population
Served
1 ,052&
l,392d
Total Ground
Water Use
4,288
101-
2,444
Surface Water Use
City of Snohomish,
Pi Ichuck River
Lake Bosworth
Total Surface Water
Use
746
569
802
49
50
99
1326
126f
258
3. TOTAL (all sources) 5,090
1,113
2,702
4. Surface Water as a Percentage of Total Water Use in the Area: 16%
5. Ground Water as a Precentage of Total Water Use in the Area: 847.
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TABLE 1 NOTES:
a) Source:
b) Source:
c) Source:
d) Source:
e) Source:
f) Source:
g) Source:
Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
(DSHS) Water Facilities Inventory and Report Form (WFIRF)
dated 4-28-87 for 1986.
Washington State DSHS WFIRF, dated 4-28-87 for 1986.
Number of connections
estimated population,
were estimated by dividing 1392,
by 2.7 persons per connection.
is
The Newberg Organization Inc. origingal 1984 petition
estimated 1500 persons live in the Newberg area.
Correspondence received June 18, 1987 indicated reasonable
population growth estimate of 107. for the years 1984 to
1987. Therefore, the populations served by individual
wells is estimated to be 1650 persons. The 1392 figure
arrived at by subtracting 258, the population served by
surface water.
At 2.7 persons per connection and 49 connections, this
translates to 132 persons served.
Correspondence received June 18, 1987 from the Newberg
Organization, Inc.
Assumes 150 gallons per day per household
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Potential for Contamination
Recharge of the sole source aquifer area occurs largely through downward
percolation of precipitation on the surface. Therefore, contamination from
any source can enter the aquifer by the same route. Ground water is
vulnerable to contamination from a wide variety of sources, such as pesticide
application, leaking fuel or chemical storage tanks, agricultural runoff,
animal wastes, septic systems, landfill leachate, and accidental spills of
hazardous materials. Once the ground water becomes contaminated, its
usefulness as a source of drinking water could be impaired or destroyed.
Assuming that the technology to remove the contaminant, or contaminants,
exists and is readily available, an increased expenditure of energy and funds
could still be required to make the water useable again. If the technology is
not available, or if the expense for decontamination is too high, the
contaminated aquifer could become practically useless as a drinking water
supply, and its usefulness for other purposes could be greatly impaired.
Alternative Sources
Should contamination of ground water of the Newberg Area occur, the only
feasible water supply for 2,450 people using ground water in the area would be
lost. Existing wells could not be relocated because of probable
interconnection between the ground-water producing zones in the various types
of unconsolidated deposits. Deepening the wells would not provide an
alternative source as the underlying bedrock yields limited quantities of
usable water.
The Pi 1 chuck River and/or Lake Bosworth are both potential alternative
sources. However, development of these sources is not feasible because of the
high costs of constructing tranmission, distribution and storage facilities in
this rural area. In addition, these surface waters, especially Lake Bosworth,
are vulnerable to contamination by discharge of ground water during low flow
periods.
In addition, the City of Snohomish Pilchuck River transmission line is also
not a feasible alternative source. By Resolution No. 580, the City of
Snohomish has banned new hookups to this line. Only existing customers may
continue to use the line for domestic supply.
Thus, financial and institutional factors render development of all potential
alternative sources of drinking water infeasible. If ground water of the
Newberg Area were to become contaminated, there would be no feasible
alternative sources of drinking water available that could provide sufficient
quantities of drinking water to all residents.
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CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION
To be designated as a sole source, an aquifer must supply 50 percent or more
of the drinking water for an area. Contamination of a sole source aquifer
would pose significant hazard to public health. Ground water supplies of the
Newberg Area provide 84 percent of drinking water used, and there are no
feasible alternative sources of drinking water.
The designated sole source aquifer area is slightly larger than that area
originally petitioned for designation. The originally petitioned area used
the Pilchuck River as the east, west, and north boundary, and Carpenter and
Dubuque Creeks as the southern boundary. The revised boundary, based on
available data from geologic maps and well logs, incorporates additional areas
of glacial deposits to the east and south of the area that are probably
hydrologically connected to the petitioned area. The revised sole source
aquifer area boundaries are based on the extent of unconsolidated glacial
deposits and the locations of drainage divides. Therefore, the boundaries of
the Newberg Area sole source aquifer have been adjusted to include additional
areas north and east of the Pilchuck River and additional areas south of
Carpenter Creek and Dubuque Creek.
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13
REFERENCES
Safe Drinking Water Act, Public Law 93-523.
42 U.S.C. 300 et. seq.
Sole Source Aquifer Petition from the Newberg organization. Inc., to the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, January 15,
1984.
Newcomb, R.C., 1952. Ground-Water Resources of Snohomish County,
Washington U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1135.
Booth D.B., 1984, Surficial Geology of the West Half of te Skykomish River
Quadrangle, Snohomish and King Counties, Washington.
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Rep ort 84-213.
Booth, D.B. 1985, Surficial Geology of the Granite Falls 15-Minute
Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Open
File Report 85-504.
Minard, J.P., 1985a, Geologic Map of the Lake Stevens Quadrangle,
Snohomish County, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
Field Studies, Map MF-1742.
Minard, J.P., 1985b, Geologic Map of the Snohomish Quadrangle, Snohomish
County, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies
Map MF-1745.
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Tl
NEWBERG ROAD—LAKE BOSWORTH AREA
SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER AND RECHARGE AREA
MAP
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R.6.E. R.7.E.
R.7.E. I R.8.E.
iB^-r-i- • ' -. TV;
NEWBERG ROAD - LAKE BOSWORTH AREA
SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER AND RECHARGE AREA
Snohomish County, Washington
SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER AND RECHARGE AREA BOUNDARY
DESIGNATED UNDER THE AUTHORITY
OF SECTION 1424(e) OF THE SAFE
DRINKING WATER ACT CPL-93-523J
C-*r'*K\.\.\!-^,\
FEDERAL FINANCIALLY ASSISTED PROJECTS LOCATED IN
THE DESIGNATED AREA MUST BE DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED
AS TO PROTECT THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY OF THE AQUIFER,
Dubuqu* Cr»«k 0
?
APPLICANTS ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY. WORKING THROUGH THE FEDERAL FUNDING
AGENCY. MUST APPROVE PROJECTS PRIOR TO COMMITMENT
OF FUNDS.
- .'JT^" , - *"7^~" "'.
R.6.E. R.7.E.
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