United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab
2565 Plymouth Rd.
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
EPA-460/3-80-012
June 1980
Air
oEPA
Effect of Ambient Temperature
and Driving Cycle on Exhaust
Emissions
-------
EPA-460/3-80-012
EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND
DRIVING CYCLE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS
by
W. F. Marshall
U.S. Department of Energy
Bartlesville Energy Technology Center
Division of Utilization
Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003
Interagency Agreement No. EPA-IAG 79-DX0678
EPA Project Officer: Edward Anthony Barth
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF AIR, NOISE AND RADIATION
OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
TEST AND EVALUATION BRANCH
ANN ARBOR, Ml 48105
June 1980
-------
This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to disseminate technical
data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are available free of charge to
Federal employees, current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations—in
limited quantities—from the Library, Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48105, or, for a fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by the U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy's Bartlesville (Okla.) Energy Technology Center in fulfillment of Interagen-
cy Agreement No. EPA-IAG 79-DX0678. The contents of this report are reproduced
herein as received from the Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK .
74003. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the author and
not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
-------
EPA-460/3-80-012
EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND
DRIVING CYCLE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS
by
W. F. Marshall
U.S. Department of Energy
Bartlesville Energy Technology Center
Division of Utilization
Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003
Interagency Agreement No. EPA-IAG 79-DX0678
EPA Project Officer: Edward Anthony Barth
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF AIR, NOISE AND RADIATION
OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
TEST AND EVALUATION BRANCH
ANN ARBOR, Ml 48105
June 1980
-------
This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to disseminate technical
data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are available free of charge to
Federal employees, current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations—in
limited quantities—from the Library, Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48105, or, for a fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by the U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy's Bartlesville (Okla.) Energy Technology Center in fulfillment of Interagen-
cy Agreement No. EPA-IAG 79-DX0678. The contents of this report are reproduced
herein as received from the Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK .
74003. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the author and
not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
-------
FOREWORD
This report presents a summary of work performed by the U.S. Department of
Energy's Bartlesville (Okla.) Energy Technology Center for the Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air, Noise and Radiation, under Interagency
Agreement No. EPA-IAG 79-DX0678.
Mr. Edward Anthony Barth was the Project Officer for EPA. The program at
Bartlesville was directed by R. W. Hurn (now retired), Director of Utiliza-
tion, and W. F. Marshall was the Project Leader. Others who contributed to
the project were B. H. Eccleston (now deceased), T. R. Owens, J. K. Brooke,
E. R. Inman, S. J. Golemon, R. F. Stevens, A. R. Silva, and D. R. Thompson.
1 i i
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SUMMARY
Data on exhaust emissions were obtained from two vehicle fleets (1970 and 1979
model-year) operating over a range of ambient temperatures. The work is pro-
viding a baseline against which current-production vehicles can be compared,
thus enabling a more complete assessment of automotive emissions reduction
achievements.
The baseline fleet represented the 1970 model-year nationwide mix. The 37
cars were tested at 25°, 75°, and 100° F over the urban Federal Test Pro-
cedure, Highway Fuel Economy Test, and New York City Cycle.
Both temperature and driving cycle were found to have significant effects on
exhaust emissions. The conditions which yielded the greatest adverse effects
on emissions were (1) low temperature—urban driving cycle, and (2) high
temperature—New York City driving cycle. The data also indicate that the
use of air conditioners causes increased emission levels.
These results apply directionally to both fleets. However, the influences
of temperature and driving cycle on emission rates of the current model-year
fleet were significantly less than on those of the baseline fleet.
-------
CONTENTS
Foreword til
Summary i v
Tables vi
Figures vi
Abbreviations vii
Purpose 1
Background 1
Objective 1
Vehicle selection. 1
Test sequence and analyses 2
Test fuels 3
Test facilities 3
Results , 4
References 5
Bibliography 5
Appendices.
A. Summary of Results 18
B. HC emissions, gpm 27
C. CO emissions, gpm 36
D. NOx emissions, gpm 45
E. Fuel economy, mpg 54
f. Aldehydes, mgpm - production late model 63
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TABLES
Number , Page
1. Vehicle description 6
2. Maintenance required for baseline fleet 8
3. Description of driving cycles 10
4. Fuel inspection data 10
5. Summary of FTP results 11
6. HC emissions 12
7. CO emissions 13
8. NOx emissions 14
9. Fuel economy 15
10. Comparison of emissions from three fleets 16
FIGURES
1. Controlled ambient chassis dynamometer test facility 17
vi
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
A/C -- air conditioning
C02 — carbon dioxide
CO -- carbon monoxide
CT -- cold transient phase of the FTP
CVS •-- constant volume sample
FIA — fluorescence indicating absorption
FID --flame ionization detector
FTP -- Federal Test Procedure
GLC — gas liquid chromatography
gpm — grams per mile
HC — hydrocarbon
HFET — Highway Fuel Economy Test
HT -- hot transient phase of the FTP
IBP — initial boiling point
MBTH -- 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrozone hydrochloride
MY — model year
NDIR -- nondispersive infrared
NOx — nitrogen oxides
NYCC -- New York City Cycle
scfm — standard cubic feet per minute
ST ~ stabilized phase of the FTP
vii
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EPA Baseline Testing
FINAL REPORT
Report of experimental work done in cooperation with EPA:
Interagency Agreement No. EPA-IAG 79-DX0678
PURPOSE
The purpose of this interagency agreement between the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) was to determine
a baseline for automobile emissions at a variety of ambient temperatures,
and to evaluate the emission trends of new technology vehicles relative to
that baseline. This baseline may be used in formulating regulations for
reducing emissions at other than "standard FTP" conditions as well as provide
information for future testing procedure revisions.
BACKGROUND
When the Clean Air Act became law, it required that a 90 percent reduc-
tion of automobile emissions be accomplished within a specified time frame.
The Federal Test Procedure (FTP) for measuring automotive emissions is accomp-
lished under limited ambient temperature conditions, namely between 68° and
86° F. Data exists which shows that automobile emissions increase with reduc-
tions in ambient temperature and may also increase at higher temperatures.
Because of the need to reduce vehicle emissions under all ambient conditions,
the EPA needs data to aid in establishing baseline vehicle emissions levels
under conditions which encompass most national ambient conditions. With such
a baseline the effects of a 90 percent reduction of emissions at different
temperatures can be calculated, corresponding emission standards or guide-
lines determined, and the impact of such regulations evaluated.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this interagency agreement was to determine the effect
of ambient temperature on the exhaust emissions of automobiles equipped with
1970 engines and control systems, to establish a baseline from the data for
1970 vehicles, and to determine how a few late model vehicles perform with
regard to this baseline. In order to achieve these objectives, the tasks
specified in the scope of work were performed.
Vehicle Selection
The baseline fleet was acquired from two sources: twenty-five 1970
model-year vehicles had been previously acquired and tested by Automotive
Testing Laboratories, Inc., under contract with Motor Vehicle Manufacturers
Association (MVMA). The vehicles were selected to represent the 1970 model-
year nation-wide sales mix (1).* After receiving the vehicles, idle speed
and timing checks were made as necessary. It should be noted that dyna-
mometer power settings and inertia weights in this work were not identical to
those used by Automotive Testing Laboratories and, therefore, there could be
differences in tests results. The reason for the differences in settings
^Numbers in parentheses designate references at the end of the report.
1
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was that the 1970 procedure was used by the MVMA, and the 1975 procedure was
used in the present work. Results obtained with this 25-car fleet were
published previously (2).
The EPA supplied the five other vehicles of the baseline fleet. The
current production vehicles were purchased as new cars by DOE from various
automobile dealers.
Test Fleet No. of Vehicles
Baseline vehicles (1970 MY) 30
Production late model:
three-way catalyst vehicles 3
stratified charge 1
diesel 2
turbocharged _1
Total cars 37
*
A more complete description of the test fleet is given in table 1. A
description of maintenance and repairs for each of the 1970 MY baseline
vehicles is given in table 2.
Test Sequence and Analyses
All cars were tested according to the 1975 FTP, 1975 Federal HFET, the
NYCC, and the idle and 2500 rpm test. A description of these driving cycles
is given in table 3. Deviations from the 1975 FTP and HFET were:
a. No evaporative emissions test.
b. The vehicle hoods were closed; cooling air velocity keyed to
vehicle speed.
c. The 10 percent load increment for vehicles equipped with air
conditioning was not used in any tests.
d. Actual vehicle mileage was used in all emissions and economy
computations.
Emissions measured for the four tests noted above were HC, CO, NOx, and
C02. In addition to these, aldehydes and HC distribution (by gas chroma-
tography) were determined for the current-production vehicles for each of the
three phases of the 1975 FTP.
Tests were conducted at ambient temperatures of 25°, 50°, 75°, and 100° F
with duplicates of the 25° and 100° F test points. In addition, tests were
conducted at 75° and 100° F with air conditioning operating for those vehicles
with functioning air-conditioning systems. .;
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Test Fuels
Four fuels were used in this work. Fuel A was used in all tests of
spark-ignition powered vehicles conducted at 50° F and above. Two winter-
grade fuels were used in this work. Fuel B was used in 25° F tests for 25
of the cars with baseline fleet and for four of the late model cars. The
quantity of fuel B was insufficient to conduct all at the 25° F tests, and
the original supplier was not able to furnish any additional fuel within
the period of this work. Therefore, another winter-grade fuel was used to
complete the low temperature tests. This fuel, fuel C, was used in 25° F
tests for five of the cars in the baseline fleet and one of the late model
cars. All three gasolines were produced by Phillips Petroleum Company with
target specifications based on those given in the Federal Register.
A single lot of diesel fuel meeting 2-D specifications was used for both
diesel vehicles at all test temperatures. Fuel inspection data are given in
table 4.
Test Facilities
A schematic diagram of the chassis dynamometer facility is shown in
figure 1. Details of the facility and analytical systems are given below:
Chassis dynamometer (Clayton Model ECE-50):
o dual roll, 8.65 in. diameter, 17.25 in. spacing
o direct drive flywheel system - 1750-9625-Ib compatibility
in 125-Ib increments
o road load power control to provide good tracking of speed
power relationship
Ambient conditions:
o closed system with make-up air
o temperature controlled within range of 20° to 120° F
o humidity control, with target of 50 percent relative humidity
o cooling air supplied to front of vehicle; air velocity
modulated to follow dynamometer roll speed
CVS system:
o critical flow orifice system (with heat exchanger), 320 scfm
(nominal)
o air supply independent of chassis dynamometer room air
o dilution air temperature controlled within range of 60° to 110° F
o length of connection from tailpipe to CVS system = 10 ft
Analytical instruments:
For CVS samples -
Beckman 864 NDIR - C02
Beckman 865 NDIR - CO
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Beckman 851H chemiluminescence detector - NOx
Beckman 400 FID - HC
Beckman 402 heated FID - HC
For raw exhaust measurement -
Beckman 315A NDIR - CO
Beckman 851H CL - NOx
Beckman FID - HC
Other: EG&G 880 dew point hygrometer
Analytical procedures:
o aldehydes - MBTH method, sampling via bubblers
o hydrocarbons - GLC; sample from bags (corresponding to test
phases) directly into GLC sample loop
,.,,.• RESULTS
A summary of the FTP results is given in table 5. Detailed infor-
mation is given in the appendices. A summary of the results of indi-
vidual FTP emissions, FTP fuel economy, and HFET fuel economy is given in
appendix A. Results with respect to the HC, CO, and NOx emissions are
given in appendices B, C, and D, respectively. Fuel economy data are in
appendix E. Aldehyde emissions (for the seven current-production
vehicles only) are in appendix F.
Comparison of average emissions and fuel economy for the three fleets
(baseline, current gasoline, and current diesel) is shown in tables 6-9.
Referenced to the 75° F, FTP case, the results appear to show that
temperature extremes had a greater deleterious effect on emissions
performance of the current production fleet. However, if the results are
referenced to the emissions "standards" applicable to each fleet, the
current-production fleet's performance appears to be markedly better than
that of the baseline fleet.
Absolute and percentage differences in emission rates betwen the
baseline and the two current fleets are given in table 10. The current
gasoline fleet's emission levels were about 70 percent less than the
baseline fleet. Emissions of CO and HC from the two diesel vehicles were
about 90 percent less than those from the baseline fleet, and NOx
emissions were about 60 percent less.
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REFERENCES
1. J. B. Edwards, et al, "The 1970 Passenger Car High Altitude Emission
Baseline." Presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Society
of Automotive Engineers, Houston, Texas, October 2-4, 1979. SAE paper
No. 790959.
2. W. F. Marshall and B. H. Eccleston. "Emissions at Off-Ambient Tempera-
tures." Presented at the SAE Congress and Exposition, Society of Auto-
motive Engineers, Detroit, Michigan, February 25-29, 1980. SAE paper No.
800512.
3. T. A. Huls, "Evolution of Federal Light Duty Mass Emission Regulations,"
Presented at the Automobile Engineering Meeting, Detroit, Michigan,
May 14-18, 1973. SAE paper No. 730554.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ashby, H. A., R. C. Stahman, B. H. Eccleston, and R. W. Hum. "Vehicle
Emissions—Summer to Winter." Presented at the SAE Automobile Engineering
Meeting, Society of Automotive Engineers, Toronto, Canada, October 21-25,
1974. SAE paper No. 741053.
Environmental Protection Agency. "Aldehyde and Reactive Organic Emissions
from Motor Vehicles." Ann Arbor, Michigan. Publication No. APTD-1568a.
March 1973.
General Motors Engineering Staff. "Winter Weather Exhaust Emissions for
Cars with Proposed 1975 Exhaust Emission Controls." GM Memorandum Report
61-214. June 1971.
McMichael, W. F., and J. E. Sigsby, Jr. "Automotive Emissions After Hot
and Cold Starts in Summer and Winter." Presented at the Annual Meeting of
Air Pollution Control Association, San Francisco, California, June 1966.
Officials of Environmental Protection Service, Government of Canada.
Private Communication, December 1972.
Spindt, R. S., R. E. Dizak, R. M. Stewart, and W. A. P. Meyer. "Effect
of Ambient Temperature on Vehicle Emissions." Environmental Protection
Agency. EPA-460/3-79-006A. September 1979.
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TABLE 1. - Vehicle description
Vehicle
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Make/Model
Ford Wagon
Pontiac LeMans
Chevrolet Malibu
Mercury Marquis
Dodge Charger
Olds. Delta 88
Plymouth Duster
Chevrolet Impala
Buick LeSabre
Ford Galaxie
Chevrolet Nova
Pontiac Catalina
Buick Skylark
Dodge Challenger
Ford Maverick
Chevrolet Monte Carlo
Ford Fairlane
Chevrolet El Camino
Cadillac DeVille
Chrysler Newport
Eng. CID-
config.
351-V8
350-V8
307-V8
429-V8
318-V8
455-V8
318-V8
400-V8
350- V8
351-V8
230- L6
350-V8
350-V8
225-L6
200- L6
350-V8
302-V8
350-V8
472-V8
383-V8
Carb.
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
1 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
1 bbl
1 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
4 bbl
2 bbl
Trans.
Auto
Auto
Auta
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Man. 3
Auto
Auto
Auto
Man. 3
Auto
Auto
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Test condition
Inertia
weight, Ib
4000
4000
3500
5000
4500
4500
3500
4000
4500
4000
3500
4500
4000
3500
3000
4000
4000
4000
5500
5000
Power
absorb.
12.0
12.0
11.2
13.4
12.7
12.7
11.2
12.0
12.7
12.0
11.2
12.7
12.0
11.2
10.3
12.0
12.0
12.0
13.9
13.4
NOTE: Vehicle No. 1-28 are 1970 MY,
and No. 7C is 1980 MY.
Np. 29-30 are 1971 MY, No. 1C-2C are 1978 MY, No. 3C-6C are 1979 MY,
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TABLE 1. - Vehicle description—Continued
Vehicle
No.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1C
2C
3C
4C
5C
6C
7C
Make/Model
Ford Maverick
AMC Hornet
Olds. Vista Cruiser
Volkswagen Beetle
Chevrolet Nova
Chevrolet Impala
Ford Galaxie
Plymouth Valiant
Chevrolet Vega Wagon
Ford Wagon
Buick Skylark
(3-way catalyst)
Pontiac Sunbird
(3-way catalyst)
Ford Mustang
(turbocharged)
Dodge Challenger
(MCA- jet)
Olds. Cutlass Diesel
(diesel)
BMW 528 i
(3-way catalyst)
Volkswagen Rabbit
(diesel)
Eng. CID-
config.
170- L6
232- L6
350-V8
1.6L-H4
250- L6
350-V8
351-V8
225- L6
140- L4
429-V8
231-V6
151- L4
140- L4
1.6L-L4
260- V8
2.8L-L6
1.5L-L4
Carb.
1 bbl
1 bbl
2 bbl
1 bbl
1 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
1 bbl
2 bbl
4 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
2 bbl
F.I.
F.I.
F.I.
Trans.
Man. 3
Man. 3
Auto
Man. 4
Auto
Auto
Auto
Auto
Man. 3
Auto
Auto
Auto
Man. 4
Man. 5
Auto
Man. 4
Man. 4
Air
cond.
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Test condition
Inertia
weight, Ib
3000
3000
5000
2500
3500
4500
4500
3500
3000
5500
3500
3500
3000
3000
4000
3500
2250
Power
absorb.
10.3
10.3
13.4
9.4
11.2
12.7
12.7
11.2
10.3
13.9
11.2
11.2
10.2
10.3
12.0
11.2
8.8
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TABLE 2. - Maintenance required for baseline fleet
Vehicle
No.
Maintenance required
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Charge A/C system
Repair vacuum leak in A/C controls
Charge A/C system
Replace A/C blower
Replace A/C blower
Replace alternator
Repair transmission leak
Replace exhaust system
Replace rear tires
Replace battery cable clamp
Reinstall choke pull-off rod
Replace voltage regulator
Repair A/C system
Replace battery
Replace belt
None
None
Replace exhaust system
Replace rear tires
None
Replace clamps on exhaust pipe
Repair fuel leak at carburetor
Replace idle stop solenoid
Replace exhaust pipe
Repair field relay
Charge A/C system
Replace A/C drive belt
Replace exhaust system
Replace rear tires
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TABLE 2. - Maintenance required for baseline fleet—Continued
Vehicle
No.
Maintenance required
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Replace exhaust pipe clamp
Repair choke linkage
Replace voltage regulator
Repair heater and A/C controls
Charge A/C system
None
Replace vacuum switching valve
Charge A/C system
None
Charge A/C system
None
None
Replace muffler
None
None
9
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TABLE 3. - Description of driving,cycles
Cycle
Length, miles
Average speed, mph
Maximum speed, mph
Stops per mile
Idle, pet of total time..
Cycle time, minutes
FTP
7.45
19.7
56.7
2.42
19.5
22.9
HFET
10.24
48.2
59.9
0.10
0.5
12.8
NYCC
1.18
7.1
27.7
9.33
42.1
10.0
TABLE 4. - Fuel inspection data
Fuel
Gravity, °API
Cetane index
Distillation:
IBP
10 pet point
50 pet poi nt
90 pet point
End point
Sulfur, wt-pct
RVP, Ib
Composition, FIA pet:
Saturates
Olefins
Aromatics
A
Summer
gasoline
56.9
96
133
219
304
406
0.029
8.4
62
7
31
B
Winter
gasoline
62.6
86
120
212
300
394
0.022
11.8
70
6
24
C
Winter
gasoline
63.4
85
113
202
336
415
0.046
13
68
12
20
D
No. 2-D
diesel fuel
34.5
45
364
417
493
582
616
0.23
66
2
32
10
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TABLE 5. - Summary of FTP results
Temp.
°F
Air
cond.
Emissions, gpm
HC
CO
NOx
Fuel economy,
mpg
BASELINE FLEET
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
4.30
3.54
3.08
3.00
3.09
3.17
40.8
30.6
22.5
18.9
25.6
24.2
4.19
4.26
4.47
4.68
5.61
6.53
12.7
14.0
14.8
15.3
12.2
12.2
CURRENT FLEET - GASOLINE
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
2.12
1.14
0.67
.62
.62
.73
23.1
14.4
6.6
6.6
6.9
8.8
1.60
1.39
1.35
1.20
1.65
1.48
15.6
17.2
18.1
19.0
17.0
16.8
CURRENT FLEET - DIESEL
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
0.38
.29
.31
.31
.33
.39
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.70
1.71
1.82
1.69
1.81
2.14
25.2
26.9
27.4
29.6
25.0
22.0
11
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TABLE 6. - HC emissions
Temp.
°F
Air
cond.
FTP
Baseline
Current
Gas | Diesel
HFET
Baseline
Current
Gas | Diesel
NYCC
Baseline
Current
Gas
Diesel
AVERAGE RATE, GPM
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
4.30
3.54
3.08
3.00
3.09
3.17
2.12
1.14
0.67
.62
.62
.73
0.38
.29
.31
.31
.33
.39
1.50
1.50
1.59
1.70
1.76
2.01
0.14
.11
.10
.10
.09
.23
0.18
.16
.18
.20
.15
.20
5.68
5.57
6.16
6.98
5.85
7.94
1.15
1.17
0.93
2.05
1.13
2.12
0.69
.67
.84
.82
.66
.88
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO FTP @ 75° F
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
1.40
1.15
1.00
0.98
1.04
1.06
3.16
1.70
1.00
0.93
0.93
1.09
1.23
0.94
1.00
1.00
1.06
1.26
0.49
.49
.52
.55
.59
.67
0.15
.16
.15
.15
.13
.34
0.58
.52
.58
.65
.48
.65
1.85
1.81
2.00
2.27
1.96
2.66
1.72
1.75
1.39
3.06
1.69
3.16
2.23
2.16
2.71
2.65
2.13
2.84
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO STANDARDS
(4.1 GPM - 1970, 1.5 GPM - 1979)
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
1.05
0.86
.75
.73
.75
.77
1.41
0.76
.45
.41
.41
.49
0.25
.19
.21
.21
.22
.26
0.37
.37
.39
.41
.43
.49
0.09
.07
.07
.07
.06
.15
0.12
.11
.12
.13
.10
.13
1.39
1.36
1.50
1.70
1.43
1.94
0.77
.78
.62
1.37
.75
1.41
0.46
.45
.56
.55
.44
.59
-------
TABLE 7. - CO emissions
Temp.
°F
Air
cond.
FTP
Baseline
Current
Gas | Diesel
HFET
Baseline
Current
Gas | Diesel
NYCC
Baseline
Current
Gas I Diesel
AVERAGE RATE, GPM
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
40.8
30.6
22.5
18.9
25.6
24.2
23.1
14.4
6.6
6.6
6.9
8.8
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
9.2
9.1
10.0
12.2
13.0
19.1
1.5
.8
.6
1.1
.7
4.9
0.8
/ .7
.7
.8
.7
.9
30.3
30.8
30.6
44.6
41.8
78.3
10.5
9.9
5.8
26.4
11.5
44.9
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO FTP @ 75° F
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
1.82
1.36
1.00
0.84
1.09
1.02
3.49
2.18
1.00
1.00
1.05
1.34
1.12
1.04
1.00
1.06
1.09
1.21
0.41
.41
.45
.54
.55
.81
0.23
.12
.10
.17
.10
.74
0.60
.51
.53
.61
.55
.69
1.35
1.37
1.36
1.99
1.78
3.34
1.59
1.50
0.89
4.00
1.73
6.79
2.02
2.05
2.16
2.31
2.26
2.43
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO STANDARDS
(34 GPM - 1970, 15 GPM - 1979)
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
1.20
0.90
.66
.56
.75
.71
1.54
0.96
.44
.44
.46
.59
0.10
.09
.09
.09
.09
.10
0.27
.27
.29
.36
.38
.56
0.10
.05
.04
.07
.05
.32
0.05
.04
.05
.05
.05
.06
0.89
.91
.90
1.31
1.23
2.30
0.70
.66
.39
1.76
.76
2.99
0.17
.18
.19
.20
.19
.21
-------
TABLE 8. - NOx emissions
Temp.
°F
Air
cond.
FTP
Baseline
Current
Gas | Diesel
HFET
Baseline
Current
Gas | Diesel
NYCC
Baseline
Current
Gas
Diesel
AVERAGE RATE, GPM
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
4.19
4.26
4.47
4.68
5.61
6.53
1.60
1.39
1.35
1.20
1.65
1.48
1.70
1.71
•1.82
,1.69
1.81
2.14
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO FTP @ 75° F
4.96
5.08
5.22
5.69
6.50
7.58
1.23
1.49
1.33
1.22
1.46
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.35
1.36
1.34
1.47
5.35
5.40
5.62
6.10
6.82
8.99
1.67
1.84
1.99
1.30
3.10
1.66
2.99
2.81
2.57
2.93
3.32
3.83
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
0.94
.95
1.00
1.05
1.21
1.41
1.19
1.03
1.00
.89
1.22
1.10
0.93
.94
1.00
.93
.99
1.18
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.27
1.41
1.64
0.91
1.10
.99
.90
1.08
.98
0.72
.72
.74
.75
.74
.81
1.20
1.21
1.26
1.36
1.48
1.95
1.24
1.36
1.47
.96
2.30
1.23
1.64
1.54
1.41
1.61
1.82
2.10
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO STANDARDS
(4 GPM* - 1970, 2 GPM - 1979)
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
1.05
1.07
1.12
1.17
1.40
1.63
0.80
.68
.68
.60
.82
.74
0.85
.86
.91
.84
.90
1.07
1.24
1.27
1.31
1.42
1.62
1.90
0.62
.74
.66
.61
.73
.66
0.66
.66
.68
.68
.67
.74
1.34
1.35
1.40
1.52
1.70
2.25
0.84
.92
1.00
.65
1.55
.83
1.44
1.40
1.28
1.46
1.66
1.92
*There was no NOx emission standard for the 1970 model year; the 4 gpm value is an estimate of the
average for that model year based on the average for the 1971 model-year fleet (see reference 3).
-------
TABLE 9. - Fuel economy
Temp.
°F
Air
cond.
FTP
Baseline
Current
Gas
Diesel
HFET
Baseline
Current
Gas
Diesel
NYCC
Baseline
Current
Gas
Diesel
AVERAGE, MPG
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
12.7
14.0
14.8
15.3
12.2
12.2
15.6
17.2
18.1
19.0
17.0
16.8
25.2
26.9
27.4
29.6
25.0
22.0
20.7
21.7
22.4
22.7
18.4
17.8
24.7
25.5
26.5
27.3
24.9
24.6
33.8
35.8
35.4
36.1
34.2
30.3
7.2
7.7
7.7
7.8
6.5
6.1
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.2
9.6
8.8
16.1
17.3
15.7
17.5
14.5
12.9
RATIO OF AVERAGES, REFERENCED TO FTP @ 75° F
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
0.86
.94
1.00
1.04
.94
.94
0.86
.95
1.00
1.05
.94
.93
0.92
.98
1.00
1.08
.92
.80
1.40
1.47
1.51
1.53
1.42
1.37
1.37
1.41
1.46
1.51
1.38
1.36
1.23
1.31
1.29
1.32
1.25
1.11
0.49
.52
.52
.52
.50
.47
0.56
.57
.58
.57
.53
.48
0.59
.63
.58
.64
.53
.47
-------
TABLE 10. - Comparison of emissions from three fleets
Temp.
°F
Air
cond.
FTP
HC 1 CO
Gasoline | Diesel | Gasoline | Diesel
NOx
Gasoline I Diesel
NYCC
HC
Gasoline 1 Diesel
CO I NOx
Gasoline! Diesel Gasoline) Diesel
DIFFERENCE IN MEANS, GPH
(BASELINE - CURRENT)
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
2.18
2.40
2.45
2.38
2.47
2.44
Avg 2.39
3.92
3.25
2.77
2.69
2.76
2.78
3.03
17.7
16.2
15.9
12.3
18.7
15.4
16.0
39.4
29.3
21.2
17.5
24.2
22.6
25.7
2.59
2.87
3.12
3.48
3.96
5.05
3.51
2.49
2.55
2.65
2.99
3.80
4.39
3.19
4.53
4.40
5.23
4.93
4.72
5.82
4.94
4.99
4.90
5.32
£.16
5.19
7.06
5.60
19.8
20.9
24.8
18.2
30.3
33.4
24.6
2.77
28.2
27.8
41.6
38.9
75.2
39.9
3.68
3.56
3.63
4.80
3.72
7.33
4.45
2.36
2.59
3.05
3.17
3.50
5.16
3.31
PERCENT DIFFERENCE
25
50
75
100
75
100
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
51
68
78
79
80
77
Avg 72
91
92
90
90
89
88
90
43
53
71
65
73
64
62
97
96
94
93
95
93
95
62
67
70
74
71
77
70
59
60
59
64
68
67
63
80
79
85
71
81
73
78
88
88
86
88
89
89
88
65
68
81
41
72
43
62
91
92
91
93
93
96
93
69
66
65
79
55
82
69
44
48
54
52
51
57
51
-------
/ INSTRUMENTATION ROOM
HEATING-COOLING AIR CIRCUIT
OUTSIDE SPACE OCCUPIED BY VEHICLE
&^4Hf^; i^^n^'^^^^-v-^ y.&M^'W'-~2*:**"?- JMfraa
COOLING-HEAT
EXCHANGER
FIGURE I.-Controlled ambient chassis dynamometer test facility.
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}'
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-460/3-80-012A. B. C
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION«NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND DRIVING CYCLE ON
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
6. REPORT DATE
June 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
W. F. Marshall
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
U. S. Department of Energy
Bartlesville Energy Technology Center
P.O. Box 1398
Bartlesville, OK 74003
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG 79-DX0678
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Emission Control Technology Division
Test and Evaluation Branch, Ann Arbor,' MI 48105
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Data on exhaust emissions were1 obtained from two vehicle fleets (1970 and 1979 model-
year) operating over a range of ambient temperatures. The work is providing a base-
line against which current-production vehicles can be compared, thus enabling a more
complete assessment of automotive emissions reduction achievements. The baseline
fleet represented the 1970 MY nationwide mix. The 37 cars were tested at 25°, 75°,
and 100° F over the urban Federal Test Procedure, Highway Fuel Economy Test, and
New York City Cycle. Both temperature and driving cycle were found to have signifi-
cant effects on exhaust emissions. The conditions which yielded the greatest adverse
effects on emissions were (1) low temperature—urban driving cycle, and (2) high
temperature—New York City driving cycle. The data also indicate that the use of
air conditioners causes increased emission levels. These results apply directionally
to both fleets. However, the influences of temperature and driving cycle on emission
rates of the current model-year fleet were significantly less than on those of the
baseline fleet. •
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIRTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Vehicle emissions*, Vehicle fuel economy*,
Ambient temperatures*, Air conditioning,
Short tests, Federal Test Procedure,
Highway Fuel Economy Test, New York City
Cycle
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
APPENDIX A. - SUMMARY OF RESULTS
18
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-l. - Summary of results - baseline vehicles (1910 MY)
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle
description
Ford Wagon
351-CID
AOtO
4000 Ib
Pontiac Lemans
350-CID
Auto
4000 Ib
Chevrolet Malibu
307-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
Mercury Marquis
429-CID
Auto
5000 Ib
Dodge Charger
318-CID
Auto
4500 Ib
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
! 25
I 50
i 75
! 100
! 75
i 100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions, gpm
HC
4.32
3.52
2.89
2.46
3.01
3.07
4.39
3.42
2.66
2.74
3.13
2.96
4.32
4.31
3.74
3.65
3.75
3.51
5.20
4.28
3.90
3.97
3.87
3.97
3.33
2.73
2.96
2.72
2.93
3.88
CO
42.3,
27.8 .
15.8
10.1
17.2
14.3
46.9
35.7
11.9
10.8
21.6
11.4
34.4
33.5
24.0
19.2
26.4
22.1
44.9
27.9
13.4
16.6
18.5
19.6
23.3
13.5
17.3
19.7
13.1
34.0
NOy
4.76
5.13
5.50
6.02
6.31
7.49
4.47
4.73
4.78
5.30
6.66
7.17
2.81
2.88
2.78
2.81
3.95
4.62
6.11
5.90
6.21
6.85
7.59
8.76
6.23
6.67
5.88
5.71
6.34
6.27
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
10.4
11.4
12.0
12.2
11.3
11.5
11.6
12.4
13.9
14.0
12.4
12.6
12.8
13.5
14.1
L4.8
12.6
13.1
10.2
11.4
12.3
12.4
11.7
11.2
13.6
13.9
14.9
15.5
14.3
14.3
HFET
17.8
18.8-
19.0
19.2
17.8
17,6
19.9
21.2
21.4
20.7
18.8
18.1
20.5
20.9
21.3
21.7
18.6
18.8
17.9
17.7
19.0
18.5
17.6
16.7
20.2
20.9
21.3
22.1
20.6
19.6
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-l. - Summary of results - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
6
7
8
•o
^}
9
10
Vehicle
description
Oldsmobile Delta
455-CID
AutO
4500 Ib
Plymouth Duster
318-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
Chevrolet Impala
400-CID
Auto
4000 Ib
Buick LeSabre
350-CID
Auto
4500 Ib
Ford Galaxy
351-CID
Auto
4000 Ib
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions
HC
3.36
2.21
2.19
2.35
2.49
1.95
2.62
2.32
2.01
2.12
5.43
3.66
2.54
2.52
2.79
2.52
4.02
3.53
3.63
4.81
4.03
4.11
5.58
5.14
4.69
4.35
CO
54.1
15.8
11.7
9.4
13.3
9.8
14.3
11.1
12.7
16.5
50.3
32.7
22.7
23.1
27.2
23.3
39.0
36.5
29.7
19.0
27.3
21.2
45.6
25.0
11.7
10.0
gpm
NOy
4.02
4.36
4.32
4.65
5.49
6.55
3.88
4.14
4.03
3.74
2.70
2.61
2.60
2.52
3.47
3.56
5.30
5.45
5.29
6.05
6.85
8.48
6.48
7.30
7.98
8.19
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
9.5
11.0
11.5
11.8
10.6
10.8
13.8
13.3
14.3
14.9
10.5
11.9
12.2
12.8
11.4
11.9
12.4
12.6
13.2
13.8
12.9
12.8
12.5
13.9
14.5
15.3
HFET
17.0
18.4
19.2
19.7
17.3
16.5
21.7
21.3
22.5
21.7
17.3
18.5
17.9
18.4
16.5
16.7
18.8
19.9
20.1
20.0
18.0
19.0
20.6
20.9
22.4
21.7
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-l. - Summary of results - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
11
12
13
o
.«*
14
15
Vehicle
description
Chevrolet Nova
230-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
Pontiac Catalina
350-CID
Auto
4500 Ib
Buick Skylark
350-CID
AutO
4000 Ib
Dodge Challenger
225-CID
Manual
3500 Ib
Ford Maverick
200-CID
AutO
3000 Ib
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions, gpm
HC
3.82
3.71
2.58
2.44
4.64
3.70
3.17
3.38
3.63
4.00
4.24
3.12
2.99
3.04
3.06
3.18
4.76
4.27
2.91
3.08
3.00
2.12
2.47
2.54
2.64
2.59
CO
49.4
43.3
34.8
25.8
43.6
22.6
11.2
11.4
14.5
24.1
60.9
42.9
38.6
25.7
41.2
33.4
33.0
33.5
19.6
20.0
12.2
6.2
6.3
3.9
5.6
4.2
NOy
2.68
2.92
2.36
2.68
6.30
5.29
5.40
6.28
8.36
10.23
4.40
4.50
4.11
5.61
5.60
8.77
3.58
3.59
3.94
3.92
3.90
3.56
3.86
4.60
4.94
6.51
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
13.0
13.0
15.2
15.6
10.0
12.5
13.2
13.2
11.4
10.9
12.5
14.0
14.7
15.2
13.8
12.6
16.1
17.0
18.7
19.4
15.5
17.5
18.6
19.3
17.9
17.8
HFET
21.2
21.7
23.5
23.9
17.5
18.5
20.8
20.0
17.6
15.9
20.9
20.7
22.0
20.4
19.2
18.4
24.9
26.8
27.4
28.1
22.0
24.3
25.2
26.5
25.3
23.8
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-l. - Summary of results - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
16
17
18
19
20
Vehicle
description
Chevrolet Monte
350 -CID
Auto
4000 Ib
Ford Fairlane
302-CID
Auto
4000 Ib
Chevrolet Camino
350 -CID
Manual
4000 Ib
Cadillac
472-CID
Auto
5500 Ib
Chrysler Newport
383-CID
Auto
5000 Ib
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond .
yes
yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions
HC
3.72
3.31
3.06
3.12
2.87
2.88
4.14
3.27
3.34
2.74
8.11
5.80
5.33
4.90
2.58
2.64
2.62
2.11
4.72
4.12
3.59
2.60
3.70
3.43
CO
37.9
31.4
22.5
18.0
23.0
21.7
42.0
30.3
21.6
9.3
39.8
37.1
34.9
, 31.0
1
16.3
22.6
14.2
9.9
67.7
65.7
46.2
31.4
48.4
45.9
gpm
NO*
2.40
2.84
2.62
2.43
3.41
4.17
4.24
4.66
5.05
5.94
2.12
1.90
2.22
2.30
6.22
6.27
6.97
7.54
5.10
5.41
5.70
4.98
5.60
6.10
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
11.7
12.2
13.2
13.6
12.4
12.1
11.2
12.6
13.1
13.5
11.7
14.0
14.0
14.5
9.6
10.5
10.8
11.3
10.3
10.8
11.7
12.5
11.2
11.5
HFET
18.8
19.3
19.8
20.3
19.4
18.0
18.6
19.6
19.7
20.1
19.7
21.0
21.5
22.0
16.0
16.7
17.3
17.8
17.4
18.3
18.1
19.4
17.3
17.2
ro
ro
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-l. - Summary of results - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
21
22
23
24
25
Vehicle
description
Ford Maverick
170-CID
Manual
3000 Ib
AMC Hornet
232-CID
Manual
3000 Ib
Oldsinobile Vista
350 -CID
Auto
5000 Ib
Volkswagen Bug
1.6 L
Manual
2500 Ib
Chevrolet Nova
250-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
FTP emissions, gpm
HC
3.86
3.81
2.82
3.59
4.17
3.32
3.06
3.52
3.26
3.18
2.75
3.12
2.73
3.38
3.39
3.06
2.41
2.18
4.81
4.01
3.61
3.18
CO
18.2
19.4
6.1
13.7
17.9
12.4
13.2
10.0
49.3
45.3
48.9
43.9
51.6
50.3
26.2
21.2
18.3
21.3
32.8
27.6
19.9
13.3
NO*
2.66
2.61
2.86
2.74
3.32
3.72
3.99
4.02
3.14
2.97
3.03
3.06
4.05
4.35
3.53
3.42
3.47
3.51
2.44
2.54
2.54
2.60
Fuel econf mpg
FTP
17.1
19.9
20.8
22.6
16.1
17.7
19.2
20.2
9.3
10.2
10.1
10.7
9.6
9.7
21.4
23.3
24.1
24.3
13.4
14.4
15.8
16.5
HFET
28.5
28.5
30.9
33.8
24.0
25.0
25.6
26.3
14.8
15.5
15.1
16.1
14.1
14.2
32.2
33.5
34.4
35.1
23.8
25.3
25.0
26.1
ro
oo
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-l. - Summary of results - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
26
27
28
29
30
Vehicle
description
Chevrolet Impala
350-V8
Auto
4500 Ib
Ford Galaxy
351-CID
Auto
4500 Ib
Plymouth Valiant
225-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
Chevrolet Vega
140-CID
Manual
3000 Ib
Ford Wagon
429-CID
Auto
5500 Ib
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions
HC
3.68
3.02
2.68
2.48
2.68
2.79
5.56
3.02
3.00
2.68
2.81
2.93
8.88
5.59
3.89
2.61
2.40
3.31
2.38
2.49
2.69
2.58
2.48
2.58
2.40
2.71
CO
67.6
44.4
35.7
28.2
35.4
37.4
65.9
33.5
16.8
15.6
18.1
12.7
77.3
50.4
36.3
24.1
34.6
40.4
31.5
35.8
35.2
29.0
21.0
20.1
28.5
25.6
, gpm
NOy
4.22
4.07
4.97
4.34
5.17
5.41
4.63
4.40
6.03
6.06
5.84
6.71
6.30
6.79
7.09
7.90
2.72
2.43
3.02
2.54
4.77
4.89
5.47
5.64
5.72
5.90
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
11.0
12.5
12.3
14.0
12.1
12.3
10.9
12.8
13.0
13.6
12.6
12.8
14.7
16.7
18.7
19.7
19.2
23.5
24.5
22.1
9.0
9.9
10.3
10.5
9.8
9.9
HFET
18.7
20.0
19.3
20.0
19.1
17.8
18.8
19.7
20.6
21.0
19.7
18.9
21.8
25.8
25.5
26.5
32.6
36.8
36.8
36.7
16.4
16.9
17.7
17.1
16.3
15.9
ro
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-2. - Summary of results - production late model
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
Vehicle
description
1978 Quick Skyhawk
231-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
1978 Pontiac Sunbird 25
151-CID
Auto
3500 Ib
50
75
100
75
100
1979 Ford Turbo Mustang 25
2.3L
Manual
3000 Ib
50
75
100
75
100
1979 Dodge Challenger 25
1.6L
Manual
3000 Ib
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
*
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions, gpm
HC
1.26
0.58
0.42
0.39
0.52
0.50
2.45
1.05
0.53
0.58
0.49
0.60
4.21
2.25
1.01
0.68
0.78
1.17
1.48
1.11
0.97
0.99
0.84
0.91
CO
6.2
4.6
2.5
3.4
3.6
4.3
49.0
30.0
11.7
10.2
11.4
13.4
30.5
16.2
. 6.3
5.4
6.3
8.9
15.4
15.6
8.6
11.5
8.4
15.4
NOy
0.93
1.08
1.01
0.90
1.49
1.79
0.57
0.82
1.03
1.01
1.13
1.06
3.92
2.14
1.76
1.57
2.53
1.88
2.00
1.93
1.89
1.53
1.95
1.87
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
14.9
15.9
15.9
17.8
15.2
15.2
15.0
16.3
17.6
19.2
16.8
17.1
13.7
14.6
15.6
16.0
13.4
14.9
20.9
22.5
24.3
24.3
23.5
21.4
HFET
22.1
22.6
22.9
24.4
21.9
21.1
22.6
24.1
25.8
25.6
24.0
22.8
24.4
24.8
24.7
26.1
/I. 4
24.3
30.6
30.7
32.8
33.1
32.0
31.5
rv>
en
-------
APPENDIX A
TABLE A-2. - Summary of results - production late model—Continued
Car
No.
5
6
7
Vehicle
description
1979 Oldsmobile Di<
260-CID
Auto
4000 Ib
1979 BMW 528i
2.BL
Manual
3500 Ib
Temp. ,
o F
jsel 25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
1980 VW Rabbit Diesel 25
1.5L
Manual
2250 Ib
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
yes
yes
yes
•yes
yes
yes
FTP emissions, gpm
HC 1 CO
0.36
0.32
0.33
0.32
0.35
0.46
1.20
0.71
0.43
0.46
0.49
0.48
0.40
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.30
0.32
1.6
> 1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.0
14.4
5.6
3.9
2.5
4.9
2.3
1.3
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
NO*
2.19
2.24
2.44
2.10
2.20
2.54
0.58
0.96
1.04
0.92
1.17
0.80
1.20
1.17
1.20
1.28
1.41
1.73
Fuel econ, mpg
FTP
18.0
18.4
18. 8
21.2
17.8
16.6
13.5
16.6
17.0
17.7
15.9
15.1
32.3
35.4
35.9
37.9
32.3
27.4
IIFET
27.7
27.9
28.8
29.8
27.7
24.7
23.9
25.2
26.3
27.2
25.2
23.6
39.8
43.6
41.9
42.4
40.8
36.0
ro
en
-------
APPENDIX B. - HC EMISSIONS, GPM
27
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-l. - HC emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
11.77
7.27
4.36
2.73
4.34
3.60
10.54
6.90
3.30
3.04
4.48
3.55
7.52
5.05
4.10
3.76
4.36
3. 70
9. 24
7.17
5.72
4.24
4.95
4.05
5.52
3.70
3. 76
3. 30
3.95
4.25
ST
2.44
2.54
2.49
2.33
2.65
2.90
2.08
2.54
2.49
2.66
2.89
2.89
3.70
4.24
3.91
3.86
3.05
3.67
4. 30
3.31
3.35
3.33
3.60
3.90
2.86
2.55
2. 76
2.43
2. 70
3.86
HT
2.26
2.52
2.55
2.40
2.66
3.01
2.58
2.41
2.44
2.66
2.58
2.64
3.10
3.14
3.17
3.16
3.10
3.05
3.83
3.96
3.57
4.02
3.53
4.04
2.56
2.29
2.71
2.75
2.59
3.64
Urban
4.32
3.52
2.89
2.46
3.01
3.07
4.39
3.42
2.66
2.74
3.13
2.96
4.32
4.31
3.74
3.65
3.75
3.51
5.20
4.28
3.90
3.97
3.87
3.97
3.33
2.73
2.96
2. 72
2.93
3.38
55/45
HFET
1.50
1.60
1.35
1.73
1.92
2.20
1.30
1.65
1.72
1.91
1.92
2.01
1.37
2.03
2.01
2.02
2.11
2.02
2. 30
2.41
2.51
2. 72
2.64
2.80
1. 76
1.45
1.S4
1.39
1.99
2.48
Comp.
3.05
2.66
2.42
2.15
2.52
2.63
3.22
2.62
2.24
2.37
2.59
2.53
3.22
3.23
2.96
2.92
3.01
2.34
3.90
3.44
3.27
3.41
3.32
3.48
2.62
2.15
2.46
2.35
2.51
3.25
NYCC
3.44
4.56
4.04
5.06
4.56
5.52
4.24
3.70
4.37
4.76
5.01
7.32
6.50
6.39
6.41
6.60
6.75
6.48
7.86
6.77
9.03
9.86
8.62
9.62
5.00
4 .53
5.84
5.85
5.83
3 . 10
ro
oo
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-l. - HC emissions/ gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
6
7
3
9
10
Temp . ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
30
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
9.20
3.97
3.80
2.06
3.84
2.02
5.54
3.64
2.70
2.53
13.92
8.45
3.36
3.75
3.93
3.10
6.17
4.55
4.24
4.46
4.74
4.45
10.40
7.42
5.71
4.64
ST
1.84
1.74
1.71
2.40
1.87
1.30
1.85
1.93
1.72
1.73
3.19
2.36
2.37
2.14
2.57
2.38
3.61
3.11
3.54
5.16
3.79
4.18
4.60
4. 73
4.53
4. 3»3
HT
1.32
1.79
1.87
2.47
2.62
2.18
1.86
2.04
2.04
2.44
3.40
-2.50
1.38
2.33
2.30
2.35
3.18
3.55
3.33
4.42
3.94
3.70
3.72
4.11
4.14
4.06
Urban
3.36
2.21
2.19
2.35
2.49
1.95
2.62
2.32
2.01
2.12
5.43
3.66
2.54
2.52
2.79
2.52
4.02
3.53
3.63
4.81
4.03
4.11
5.58
5.14
4.69
4.35
55/45
HFET
1.42
1.35
1.55
1.58
1.46
1.43
1.06
1.37
1.38
1.80
1.16
0.92
1.02
1.09
1.09
1. 34
1.66
1.60
1.73
1.96
1.91
1.92
2. 38
2.69
2.52
2.69
Comp.
2.49
1.82
1.90
2.00
2.03
1.72
1.92
1.89
1.73
1.98
3.51
2.43
1.86
1.88
2.03
1 . 9 y
2.96
2.66
2.73
3.53
3.03
3.12
4.14
4.04
3.71
3.60
NYCC
2.18
2.66
3.47
5.03
3.36
5.3d
2.48
2.75
2.82
3.98
5.68
5.15
3.37
4.90
5.07
8.51
10.16
3.17
10.47
16.63
9.36
13.87
7.77
9.65
9.72
9.00
no
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-l. - HC emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
11
12
13
14
15
Temp . ,
o F
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
10.29
8.62
5.61
3.95
10.17
5.25
3.69
3.82
4.27
4.30
8.30
4.55
3.93
3.48
4.20
3. 35
10.54
8.74
3.46
3.56
5.40
2.55
3. 19
2.32
2.66
2.47
ST
2.08
2.43
1.66
1.91
3.17
3.38
3.05
3.33
3.55
3.91
3.20
2.73
2.73
2.86
3.05
3.23
3.56
3.36
2.85
2.96
2.43
2.11
2.37
2.64
2.U2
2. 70
HT
2.23
2.38
2.03
2.28
3.26
3.15
3.02
3.17
3.29
3.96
2.82
2.76
2.79
3.08
2.21
2.97
2.76
2.66
2.58
2.99
2.13
1.33
2.12
2.52
2.23
2.4J
Urban
3.82
3.71
2.58
2.44
4.64
3.70
3.17
3.38
3.63
4.00
4.24
3.12
2.99
3.04
3.06
3.18
4.76
4.27
2.91
3.08
3.00
2.12
2.47
2.54
2.54
2.59
55/45
HFET
0.76
0.55
0.72
0.32
2.16
2.38
2.00
2.29
2.29
2.75
1.79
1.80
1.95
1.97
1.99
2.23
1. 16
1.10
1.13
1.12
0.92
0.87
1.47
1.54
1.43
1.53
Comp.
2.44
2.29
1.74
1.71
3.52
3.11
2.64
2.89
3.03
3.44
3.14
2.53
2.52
2.56
2.58
2.75
3.14
2.84
2.11
2.20
2.06
1.56
2.02
2.09
2.10
2.11
NYCC
3.64
3.95
3.92
4.71
4.77
4.96
5.37
6.48
5.59
10.03
5.20
5.73
6.03
5.61
5.27
3.64
3.43
7.39
9.59
9.09
4.23
4.54
6.71
6.54
6.U2
7.57
GO
o
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-l. - HC emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
16
17
18
19
20
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
7.13
5.82
4.09
3.54
3.34
3.32
10.44
6.46
5.05
3.22
13.02
8.33
6.85
5.53
4.60
4.21
3.25
2.40
9.31
5.59
4.64
3.05
5.10
3.94
ST
3.04
2.39
2.80
3.08
2.75
2.70
2.50
2.42
2.89
2.46
7.54
5.30
4.94
4.62
2.06
2.17
2.51
1.80
3.54
3. 73
3.55
2.43
3.47
3.32
HT
2.42
2.25
2.75
2.91
2.35
2.73
2.49
2.47
2.89
2.90
5.53
4.34
4.94
4.95
2.04
2.35
2.35
2. 43
3.12
3.76
2.83
2.50
3.06
3.26
Urban
3.72
1. 31
3.06
3.12
2.87
2.88
4.14
3.27
3.34
2. 74
8.11
5.80
5.33
4.90
2.58
2.64
2.62
2.11
4.72
4.12
3.59
2.60
3.70
3.43
55/45
HFET
0.95
0.76
1.10
1.33
1.06
1.28
1.61
1.71
1.96
2.00
2.64
2.84
2.61
2.56
1.48
1.46
1.63
1.56
1.09
1.13
1.24
1.00
1.39
1.66
Comp.
2.47
2.16
2.13
2.31
2.06
2.16
3.00
2.57
2.72
2.41
5.65
4.47
4.11
3.85
2.09
2.11
2.17
1.36
3.09
2.30
2.53
1.33
2.66
2.63
NYCC
5.33
5.06
6.01
6.74
6.50
6.10
4.41
4.64
5.32
5.14
15.94
12.57
15.25
15.20
2.32
3.03
3.34
3.32
6.24
5.92
5.91
5.46
5.74
5.98
co
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-l. - HC emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
21
22
23
24
25
Temp . ,
o p
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
8.06
7.48
3.15
4.42
6.39
4.28
2.93
2.86
6.73
4.92
3.92
3.28
3.83
3.49
8.62
4.70
3.14
2.74
10. 35
7.97
6.25
4.1(1
ST
2.80
2.74
2.67
3.38
4.20
3.31
3.24
3.99
2.24
2.46
2.41
3.00
2.42
3.27
2.04
2.89
2.25
2.00
3.95
3.29
3.15
3.12
HT
2.67
3.07
2.85
3.42
2.48
2.63
2.32
3.10
2.48
3.20
2.53
3.24
2.47
3.52
2.12
2.15
2.15
2.10
2.31
2.36
2.4'J
2.57
Urban
3.86
3.81
2.82
3.59
4.17
3.32
3.06
3.52
3.26
3.13
2.75
3.12
2.73
3.38
3.39
3.06
2.41
2. 18
4.81
4.01
3.61
3.13
55/45
HFET
1.40
1. 39
1.47
1.68
0.70
0.83
0.93
1.11
1.61
1.06
1.63
1.66
1.46
2.00
0.76
0. 70
0.66
0. 70
1.03
1.23
1. 13
1. 3d
Comp.
2.75
2.72
2.21
2.73
2.61
2.20
2.12
2.44
2.52
2.50
2.25
2.46
2.15
2.76
2.21
2.00
1.62
1.51
3.13
2.76
2.52
2.37
NYCC
6.90
6.41
7.80
10.03
7.10
6.73
9.08
10.15
4.56
5.'J7
5.41
5.17
4.83
10.96
6.35
7.52
6.33
6. 16
6 . 38
5.10
4.20
6. 36
CO
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-l. - HC emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
(~* O V*
car
No.
25
27
23
29
JO
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
1
7.241
2.33
3.22
2.70|
3.27;
2.39
14.34
5.16
4.21
3.61
4.19
3.35
26.41
15.49
3.49
3.94
3.32
6.33
3.14
2.31
6.70
5.29
3.38
3.77
4.51
3.03
ST
2.86
2.63
2.66
2.32
2.72
2.83
3.43
2.73
2.33
2.33
2.55
2.30
4.32
3.33
2.92
2.37
2.12
2.43 '
2.24
2.74
1.30
1.47
1.73
1.30
1.43
2.34
HT
2.56
2.02
2.31
2.64
2.15
2.64
2.44
1.39
2.34
• 2.54
2.23
2.50
3.42
2.38
2.29
2.07
1.86
2.59
2.00
2.15
1.93
2.62
2.78
3.01
2.70
3.17
Urban
3.68
3.02
2.68 .
2.48
2.63
2.79
5.56
3.02
3.00
2.63
2.81
2.93
8.88
5.59
3.89
2.61
2.40
3.31
2.38
2.49
2.69
2.53
2.48
2.58
2.40
2.71
55/45
HFET
1.48
1.43
1.60
2.12
1.67
1.94
1. 30
1.17
1.40
1.43
1.31
1.73
2.20
1.46
1.57
1.45
1.09
1.03
0.95
1.14
1.70
2. 24
2.27
2. 56
2.2-1
2.75
Comp.
2.69
2.30
2.19
2.32
2.23
2.41
3.64
2.19
2.23
2.12
2.14
2.39
5.91
3.73
2.35
2.09
1.31
2.23
1.74
1.30
2.24
2.43
2. 3il
2.57
2.33
2.73
NYCC
4.22
5.39
3.87
7.95
6.24
5.21
4.48
3.53
4.23
5.17
4.64
3.16
6.43
4.32
4.60
4.34
4.52
5.24
6.75
J . 10
2. 5-1
4 . 19
3.3 J
5.63
4.35
7.33
Co
co
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-2. - HC emissions/ gpm - production late model
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
4.89
2.17
1.57
1.22
1.94
1.53
10.26
4.47
1.94
1.60
1.32;
1.43
16.86
7.84
2.72
1.56
2.23
3.50
3.46
1.66
1.14
1.19
1.04
1.17
ST
0.30
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.21
0.42
0.15
0.11
0.10
0.08
0. 13
0.94
0.82
0.47
0.36
0.33
0.47
1.10
0.94
1.03
0.93
0.83
0.77
HT
0.35
0.24
0.14
0.23
0.22
0.29
0.37
0.15
0.25
0.68
0.27
0.36
0.90
0.71
0.76
0.54
0.45
0.75
0.70
1.02
0.74
0.86
0.70
0.99
Urban
1.26
0.58
0.42
0.39
0.52
0.50
2.45
1.05
0.53
0.58
0.49
0.60
4.21
2.25
1.01
0.63
0.78
1.17
1.48
1.11
0.97
0.39
0.84
0.91
55/45
HFET
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.15
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.59
0.12
0.11
0.03
0.08
0.06
0.07
0. 30
0.26
0.24
0.24
0.21
0.24
Comp.
0.72
0.34
0.25
0.23
0.30
0.34
1.37
0.58
0.31
0.35
0.29
0.60
2.37
1.29
0.59
0.41
0.46
0.68
0.95
0.73
0.64
0.65
0.56
0.61
NYCC
0.38
0.26
0.22
0.27
0.15
0.45
0.23
0.00
0.06
2.33
0.14
3.81
1.21
1.30
1.75
4.36
2.51
3.36
1.85
2.05
2.08
2.48
1.83
2.32
Co
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-2. - HC emissions/ gpm - production late model—Continued
Car
No.
5
6
7
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
0.71
0.56
0.54
0.43
0.48
o.ea
4.18
1.89
0.92
1.17
1.26
1.35
0.63
0. 30
0.35
0.30
0.41
0.23
ST
0.30
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.27
0.43
0.40
0.39
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.23
0.32
0.25
0.26
0.23
0.23
0.32
HT
0.22
0.22
0.25
0.22
0.40
0.37
0.42
0.44
0.38
0.24
0.27
0.31
0.31
0.22
0.26
0.33
0.27
0.35
Urban
0.36
0.32
0.33
0.32
0.35
0.46
1.20
0.71
0.43
0.46
0.49
0.43
0.40
0.25
0.23
0.30
0. 30
0.32
55/45
HFET
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.16
0.13
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.24
0.19
0.22
0. 32
0. 21
0.30
Comp.
0.25
0.23
0.24
0.21
0.23
0.30
0.73
0.45
0.23
0.29
0.31
0.31
0.33
0.22
0.25
0.31
0.26
0.31
NYCC
0.83
1.03
1.10
1.04
0.71
1.03
2.05
2.24
0.56
0.74
1.00
0.67
0.54
0.31
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.67
GO
cr;
-------
APPENDIX C. - CO EMISSIONS, GPM
36
-------
TABLE C-l. -
APPENDIX C
CO emissions/ gptn - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Temp . ,
0 F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
177.0
99.2
39.2
10.5
47.6
19.2
139.7
136.1
26.8
13.8
70.5
19.7
107.7
90.8
51.2
29.4
53.3
31.4
171.1
94.3
45.3
21.5
44.0
20. 1
59. 5
30.6
29. 3
25.3
31.9
31.1
ST
6.3
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.0
10.5
9.7
9.5
7.3
8.6
8.7
8.8
15.3
18.6
16.3
16.1
1U.3
17.9
12.1
10.4
10.3
13.4
10.6
15.9
14.0
3.1
11.1
13.2
11.3
23.4
HT
9.0
10.9
12.4
13.3
11.5
18.0
9.4
8.6
8.5
8.8
9.0
10.0
14.0
18.5
16.9
17.2
21.1
23.0
11.9
11.1
12.4
10.0
14.3
26.3
13.5
10.')
20.1
27.7
20.6
46.8
Urban
42.3
27.8
15.8
10.1
17.2
14.3
46.9
35.7
11.9
10.8
21.6
11.4
34.4
33.5
24.0
19.2
26.4
22.1
44.9
27.9
18.4
16.6
Id. 5
19.6
23.3
13.5
17.3
19.7
13.1
34.0
55/45
HFET
4.2
5.1
6.3
7.2
6.5
9.8
5.7
5.9
5.8
7.0
5.6
7.8
12.8
14.3
14.5
15.3
20.6
22.6
6.6
7:4
9.3
14.6
10.3
17.6
5.7
4.8
10.5
17.9
14.0
37.6
Comp.
25.2
17.6
11.5
8.3
12.4
12.3
23.4
22.3
9.2
9.1
14.4
9.3
24.7
24.9
19.7
17.4
23.0
22.3
27.7
18 . 7
14.3
15.7
14.3
13.7
15.4
9.6
14.2
1J.9
16.3
35.6
NYCC
17.3
21.6
26.0
23.3
31.5
56.9
12.8
14.8
15.4
27.5
29.3
33.6
39.8
41.3
36.7
36.6
39.2
47.2
23.0
25.2
32.6
6y. 3
51.3
Jl.O
29.1
24.0
44.9 .
64.3
63.9
134. 3
OJ
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-l. - CO emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
G
7
3
9
10
Temp . ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
207.1
38.2
18.3
12.7
21.5
13.6
45.3
25.7
19.2
17.3
32. 7
72.6
42.7
34.5
44.5
28.3
103.7
33.3
69.3
31.7
64.3
41.4
165.8
62.6
16.0
9.6
ST
15.5
10.1
10.5
8.9
11.6
8.7
4.6
4.9
3.5
9.3
39.3
21.2
18.6
18.9
23.0
19.7
19.6
22.1
17.5
14.6
17.5
13.0
17.0
17.9
11.4
10. 4
HT
10.9
10.2
9.0
7.7
10.3
9.0
9.1
11.2
15.9
29.4
46.3
24.2
15.4
22.5
22.0
26.5
16.3
25.6
22.4
18.0
17.9
21.5
0.2
10.1
9.2
9.5
Urban
54.1
15. 3
11.7
9.4
13.3
9.8
14.3
11.1
12.7
16.5
50.3
32.7
22.7
23.1
27.2
23.3
39.0
36.5
29.7
19.0
27.3
21.2
45.6
25.0
11.7
10.0
55/45
HFET
7.4
6.7
6.5
8.3
6.1
5.7
6.0
9.6
11.3
26.0
13.6
10.4
14.5
18.8
17.0
25.5
13.2
15.3
15.3
14.3
15.9
13.2
4. 5
5.3
6.1
7.1
Comp.
33.1
11.7
9.4
8.9
10.1
8.0
10.6
10.4
12.1
20.8
36.0
22.7
19.0
21.2.
22.6
24.3
27.4
27.0
23.2
15.9
22.2
17.6
27.1
16.1
9.2
3.7
NYCC
23.6
19.6
22.1
27.7
25.5
27.9
8.9
10.1
16.3
43.8
61.3
33.3
23.2
42.5
42.8
70.6
25.2
30.7
21.0
23.9
33.3
27.3
12.6
18.9
15.5
23. 3
co
00
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-l. - CO emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
11
12
13
14
15
Temp. ,
o f.
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond .
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
I'es
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
182.5
163.4
120.5
80.8
175.8
75.1
20.8
17.6
26.7
33.8
124.5
06. 7
68.3
40.7
77.5
40. 9
114.8
110. 1
46.8
36.2
45.2
16.2
16.2
5.3
12.4
5. 4
ST
11.0
3.2
9.3
7.9
8.3
8.7
7.7
9.2
9.4
19.1
43.5
32.0
31.7
19.3
34.4
23.9
12.9
13.1
9.5
12.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.6
IIT
20.6
20.7
18.7
18.2
11.0
9.4
10.9
11.0
15.2
26.4
37.0
30.5.
29.5
25.7
26.7
36.3
10.4
15.5
18.1
22.3
3.9
3.3
<1.3
4.1
4.3
4.7
Urban
49.4
43.3
34.8
25.8
43.6
22.6
11.2
11.4
14.5
24.1
60.9
42.9
38.6
25.7
41.2
33.4
33.0
33.5
19.6
20.0
12.2
6.2
6.3
3.9
5.6
4.2
55/45
IIFET
4.5
4.7
3.3
4.3
5.2
6.6
5.5
8.8
6.7
16.7
26.3
29.6
31.5
30.2
29.9
35.1
3.3
3.'J
5.7
3.5
3.6
3.5
3. 7
3.2
3.7
3.3
Comp.
29.2
25.9
20.9
16.1
26.3
15.4
3.6
10.2
11.0
20.3
45.6
36.9
35.4
27.7
36.1
34.2
19.6
20.2
13.3
14.3
8.3
5.0
5.1
3. fa
4.7
4.0
NYCC
15.7
20.5
23.6
35.0
17.1
22.9
19.8
36.8
23.8
72.0
' 36.0
35.1
29.6
27.9
35.7
116.8
20.2
27.7
28.1
2'j.4
6. rt
6.4
3.3
10.4
11.2
14.0
co
vo
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-l. - CO emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
16
17
18
19
20
Temp . ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
7i
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
133.2
103.7
67.0
30.0
61.6
41.0
170.7
117.0
71.8
15.2
95.6
77.8
63.4
52.4
39.1
45.4
19.5
11.6
120.6
101. 1
64.4
45.7
76.0
72.5
ST
13.4
11.6
11.2
13.7
13.3
17.2
9.7
3.4
3.5
6.4
30.4
22.9
22.6
19.3
12.0
16.0
14.2
8.0
56.3
55.6
43.7
20.5
35.8
30.3
IIT
11.9
11.2
10.1
17.0
12.1
15.1
6.9
6.4
8.8
9.6,
16.3
33.2
36.3
36.3
7.3
18.0
10.3
12.4
43.2
53.2
37.3
40.4
51.4
55.8
Urban
37.9
31.4
22.5
13.0
23.0
21.7
42.0
30.3
21.6
9.3
39.8
37.1
34.9
31.0
16.3
22.6
14.2
9.9
67.7
65.7
45.2
31.4
43.4
45.rJ
55/45
IIFET
5.1
5.0
6.4
9.4
6. 8
10.5
4.1
5.2
5.3
5.7
17.4
25.6
25.5
25.8
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.7
10.5
11.4
9.3
10.5
13.6
20.-)
Comp.
23.1
19.5
15.3
14.1
15.7
16.7
24.9
19.0
14.3
7.7
29.7
31.9
30.7
23.7
10.5
14.1
9.4
7.1
42.0
41.3
29.3
22.0
32.7
34.7
NYCC
20.2
18.7
23.7
25.6
27.4
40.5
11.8
14.1
16.7
17.3
65.4
43.4
55.0
58.9
IB. 9
29.1
13.8
19. G
96.8
79.2
57.7
85.5
78.5
104.1
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-l. - CO emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
21
22
23
24
25
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
55.5
46.8
10.5
21.4
61.5
32.7
19.0
11. U
107.6
37.6
75.4
51.3
30.0
49. 3
59.1
38.6
27.2
21.1
125.8
104.4
71.4
47.1
ST
7.3
10.5
4.6
10.8
4.6
6.5
14.4
9.8
35.5
33.8
40.6
42.0
41.5
46.3
13.3
13.4
17.6
23.2
9.4
7.3
5.9
4.1
IIT
10.1
15.6
5.6
13.2
10.2
8.2
6.7
9.5
31.6
34.6
44.5
41.8
49.5
57.3
16.9
13.3
12.3
17.7
7.6
6.7
7.4
5.1
Urban
13.2
19.4
6.1
13.. 7
17.9
12.4
13.2
10.0
49.3
45.3
48.9
43.9
51.6
50.3
26.2
21.2
18.3
21.3
32.8
27. G
19.9
13.3
55/45
HFET
3.2
3.6
3.0
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.1
34.5
33.9
40.2
31.6
32.8
- 37.4
4. 9
4.1
3.9
6.7
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.0
Comp.
11.5
12.3
4.7
3.8
11.1
8.2
3.9
7.3
42.6
40.2
45.0
38.4
43.1
44.5
16.6
13.5
11.3
14.7
19.4
16.6
12.4
3.7
NYCC
13.5
21.6
11.3
30.8
10.3
14.4
16.2
16.9
61.6
71.0
101.3
37.0
93.9
127.2
37.6
•45.1
47.8
71.0
12.0
13.7
9.5
12.9
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-l. - CO emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
26
27
23
29
30
Temp. ,
0 F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
191.8
124.0
70.1
35.4
63.7
41.1
243.9
115.2
39.4
33.2
65.1
29.1
206.6
164.2
111.3
61.0
74. 9
73.1
48.4
44.5
126.5
90.0
51.5
29.8
90.5
21.5
ST
33.2
25.7
29.3
23.9
31.0
36.7
18.2
16.3
12.8
12.8
6.3
8.2
43.8
21.7
17.7
14.1
26.4
34.1
31.0
33.2
10.6
11.5
13.2
15.6
9.4
22.8
HT
40.1
19.3
21.8
30. 3
22.5
35.7
7.9
4.0
7.4
7.6
5.6
8.9
34.3
13.3
15.3
15.2
13.4
27.4
19.3
24.9
13.8
16.0
13.2
21.3
19.0
34.0
Urban
67.6
44.4
35.7
28.2
. 35.4
: 37.4
65.9
33.5
16.8
15.6
13.1
12.7
77.3
50.4
36.3
24.1
34.6
40.4
31.5
35.8
35.2
29.0
21.0
20.1
28.5
25.6
55/45
HFET
10.4
15.9
18.4
31.8
20.6
41.6
4.0
2.8
3.9
4.0
3.2
6.3
23.5
8.6
9.9
10.3
9.0
0.2
6. 7
12. 2
5.0
5.3
6.5
12.0
6.9
12.5
Comp.
45.5
31.5
27.9
29.3
23.7
39.3
38.1
19.7
11.0
10.4
11.4
9.3
53.1
31.6
24.4
17.9
23.1
25.9
20.3
25.2
21.6
13.6
14.5
16.4
13.3
19.7
NYCC
40.7
47.9
39.6
51.8
43.2
82.6
11.7
6.9
16.5
53.7
15.0
110.4
76.7
42.1
30.9
52.3
53.9
71.9
58.3
104.0
19.9
47.6
49.2
124. 5
51.6
16'). 4
ro
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-2. - CO emissions, gpm .- production late model
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
fes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
23.0
17.6
10.5
11.0
14.0
13.2
210.2
132.9
49.3
33.8
45.4
31.7
135.4
68.3
19.4
14.8
19.7
24.9
47.2
37. 7
15.5
16.1
17.1
24. 1
ST
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.9
0.5
1.5
6.2
2.7
1.3
1.4
1.6
2.3
2.7
2.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
3.2
6.5
6.2
4.9
9.1
3.7
9.3
HT
3.6
2.3
0.7
2.6
1.7
2.3
8.0
3.9
3.0
9.1
4.6
20.6
4.2
3.4
6.5
6.2
5.7
7.6
3.5
16.6
10.2
12.5
10.9
20.5
Urban
6.2
4.6
2.5
. 3.4
3.6
4.3
49.0
30.0
11.7
10.2
11.4
13.4
30.5
16.2
6.3
5.4
6.3
3.9
15.4
15.6
8.6
11.5
8.4
15.4
55/45
HFET
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.8
0. 7
0.6
1.4
0.3
16.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
U.2
0.6
4.8
2.3
1.7
3.2
1.7
5.7
Comp.
3.4
2.6
1.4
1.9
2.0
2.4
27.3
16.3
6.7
6.3
6.7
15.0
16.9
9.0
3.6
3.1
3.6
5.2
10.6
9.6
5.5
7.7
5.4
11.0
NYCC
0.7
1.5
0.5
3.7
0.9
5.7
7.2
3.3
3.3
58.6
7.2
123.9
5.5
8.0
12.3
29.1
24.1
35.0
11.8
16.3
10.7
34.0
10.8
53.9
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-2. - CO emissions, gpm - production late model—Continued
Car
No.
5
6
7
Temp. ,
0 F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
2.2
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.3
44.5
17.3
7.4
5.1
9.2
5.0
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
ST
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
6.3
3.1
3.7
1.7
4.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
HT
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
6.4
1.8
1.5
1.9
3.2
2.9
1.1
0.9
0.3
1.1
1.0
1.2
Urban
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.0
14.4
5.6
3.9
2.5
4.9
2.3
1.3
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
55/45
HFET
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.9
Comp.
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
8.7
3.4
2.4
1.6
3.0
1.7
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.0
NYCC
3.6
3.6
3.9
4.0
3.7
4.2
27.6
20.6
2.4
5.8
14.3
6.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.0
-------
APPENDIX D. - NOX EMISSIONS, GPM
45
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l. - NOx emissions/ gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Temp . ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
1UO
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
3.81
4.90
6.21
6.81
6.76
8.74
4.38
5.62
5.79
6.88
7.47
8.40
3.37
3.42
3.45
3.42
4.45
4.97
5.04
5.75
6.69
7.87
3.30
9.49
6.51
7.18
6.41
6. 34
6.74
6.94
ST
4.43
4.68
4.79
5.50
5.66
6.73
3.43
3.54
3.42
3.70
5.31
5.45
2.26
2.45
2.23
2.27
3.46
4.03
5.73
4. 79
4.96
5.85
5.30
7.40
5.34
5.35
5.33
5.24
6.0G
6. 10
HT
6.03
6.14
6.31
6.42
7.18
7.96
6.40
6.28
6.54
7.14
3.60
9.45
3.41
3.29
3.30
3.3U
4.50
5.37
7.54
3.13
8.20
7.98
9.48
10.30
6.94
6.38
6.51
6.10
6.56
6.08
Urban
4.76
5.13
5.50
6.02
6.31
7.49
4.47
4.73
4. 78
5.30
6.66
7.17
2.81
2.88
2.78
2.81
3.95
4.62
6. 11
5.30
6.21
6.85
7.59
8. 76
6. 28
6.67
5.83
5.71
6.34
6.27
55/45
HFET
5.81
5.92
6.45
6.46
7.33
8.36
6.94
6.69
7.00
8.52
9.72
12.20
3.24
3.49
3.40
3.68
4.55
5.18
7.02
7.94
7.73
3.36
3.72
10.58
6.90
7.02
6.43
5.82
6.56
5 . fJ 0
Comp.
5.23
5.49
5.93
6.22
6.77
7.88
5.53
5.51
5.73
6.75
3.04
9.43
3.00
3.15
3.06
3.20
4.22
4.87
6.52
6.32
5.39
7.53
3.10
9.53
6.56
6.33
6.13
5. 76
6. 44
5.06
NYCC
6.04
6.44
6.35
9.36
7.78
8.38
4.06
4.43
4.52
5.50
6.81
11.43
2.99
3.58
3.31
3.63
5.08
6.39
12.57
0.93
8.69
10.15
9.91
12.53
6 . 9 i»
7.29
6.96
5.93
5.86
5.86
en
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l. - HOx emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
6
7
3
9
10
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
4.63
5.13
5.84
6.16
6.65
7.70
4.52
4.63
4.55
4.22
3.36
3.10
3.24
3.07
4.13
4.00
5.22
5.92
5.54
7.14
6.25
9.57
5.04
7.93
9.17
9.22
ST
2.99
3.22
2.96
3.28
4.24
4.95
3.40
3.74
3.54
3.44
2.31
2.27
2.22
2.52
3.03
3.26
4.57
4.66
4.56
4.90
6.61
7.03
6.03
6.29
6.55
7.10
HT
5.49
5.92
5.73
6.13
6.96
8.71
4.27
4.57
4.57
3.9G
2.93
2.38
3.36
2.52
3.75
3.30
6.32
6.64
6.48
7.42
7.75
10.29
8.33
3.73
9.75
9.42
Urban
4.02
4.36
4.32
4.65
5.49
6.55
3.d8
4.14
4.03
3.74
2.70
2.61
2.60
2.52
3.47
3.56
5.30
5.4-5
5.29
6.05
6.35
8.48
6 . -1 8
7.30
7.08
3.19
55/45
HFET
5. 54
5.63
5.53
5.97
6.51
9.11
4.02
4.31
4.15
3.96
2. 32
2. 30
2.21
2.27
3.02
3.15
5.67
5.62
5.38
6.20
7.55
6. 66
7. 36
3.22
3.33
9. 12
Comp.
4.75
4.95
4.86
5.24
5.95
7.70
3.94
4.22
4.03
3.34
2.53
2.47
2.42
2.41
3.27
3.33
5.47
5.53
5.33
6.12
7.17
7.66
6.38
7.71
3.16
8.61
NYCC
3.46
3.97
3.93
4.54
5.41
7.17
5.14
4.58
4.30
4.64
3.55
3.55
3.47
3.79
4.39
5.31
7.09
6.94
6.69
9.14
8.49
10.15
9.54
12.40
12.59
13.00
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l. - NOx emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
11
12
13
>
14
15
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
1UO
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yos
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
CT
2.74
2.84
2.38
2.00
5.34
5.30
6.d3
7.70
9.94
10.36
5.02
4.99
4.53
6.24
5.89
8. S3
2.74
3.17
4.00
4.20
5.49
5.24
5.23
5.96
6.41
7.49
Urban
ST
2.42
2.80
2.13
2.44
4.95
4.23
4.07
4.73
6.91
3.39
3.58
3.63
3.30
4.62
5.21
3.10
3.40
3.33
3.62
3.54
2.90
2.65
2.95
3.63
3.97
5.60
FTP
IIT
3.12
3.23
2.79
3.06
9.18
6.92
6.84
3.03
9.92
13.61
5.49
5.79
5.33
7.03
6.13
10.18
4.53
4.30
4.52
4.46
4.62
4.01
4.52
5.44
5.63
7.52
Urban
2.68
2.92
2.36
2.68
6.30
5.29
5.40
6.28
8.36
10.23
4.40
4.50
4.11
5.61
5.60
8.77
3.58
3.59
3.94
3.92
3.1*0
3.56
3.06
-- 4.60
4.94
6.51
IIFET
2.50
2.65
2.40
2.36
8.37
8.27
6.79
3.92
10.56
14.38
4.74
4.76
4.45
6. 34
6.32
8.83
4.63
4.56
5.01
5.06
3.4b
3. 34
4.86
6.1'5
5.33
7.75
55/45
Comp.
2.60
2.30
2.33
2.76
7.23
6.63
6.03
7.47
9.35
12.10
4.55
4.62
4.26
5.94
6.15
3.30
4.05
4.03
4.42
4.43
3.70
3.46
4.31
5.30
5.12
7.07
NYCC
4.35
3.50
3.63
3.76
6.74
5.27
6.07
6.61
6.94
17.72
7.90
7.77
6.34
8.72
9.97
17.78
4.50
5.32
7.15
6.72
4.30
4.78
4.70
6.64
6.50
8.6'J
-fa
00
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l. - NOx emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
16
17
18
19
20
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond .
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
2.21
2.92
3.15
2.83
3.90
4.79
3.24
4.30
5.03
7.19
2.76
2.49
2.34
2.60
8.14
7.84
9.37
9.63
6.14
5.67
6.37
5.50
5.77
5.96
ST
2.06
2.32
2.08
1.90
2.73
3.44
3.50
3.60
3.96
4.34
1.50
1.50
1.70
1.30
4.47
4.52
4.07
5. 31
4.43
4.37
4.98
4.47
5.37
5.U9
IIT
3.16
3.77
3.24
3.14
4.31
5.10
6.38
6.92
7.10
3.05
2.79
2.21
2.75
3.02
8.06
8.43
8.95
10.20
5.57
6.23
6.55
5.56
5.89
6.50
Urban
2.40
2.84
2.62
2.43
3.41
4.17
4.24
4.66
5.05
5.94
2.12
1.90
2.22
2.30
6.22
6.27
6.97
7.54
5.10
5.41
5.70
4.98
5.60
6.10
55/45
HFET
2.42
2.86
2.75
2.52
3.30
4.26
5.73
6.06
6.43
7.13
2.63
2.31
2.99
3.27
8.46
8.74
9.14
10.13
5.92
5.91
6.47
6.20
6.72
7.C4
Comp.
2.41
2.35
2.63
2.47
3.36
4.21
4.91
5.29
5.69
6.50
2.37
2.31
2.57
2.74
7.23
7.38
7.95
8.71
5.47
5.64
6.05
5.53
6.10
6.79
NYCC
3.60
4.16
3.65
3.73
5.23
6.22
6.60
6.98
6.43
7.74
2.20
2.61
3.05
3.04
6.01
6.73
6.53
7.78
5.30
7.11
7.69
6.33
6.46
7.06
VO
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l. - NQx emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
21
22
23
24
25
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
3.04
3.24
3.75
3.20
3.64
4.34
4.73
4.91
4.20
3.93
3.80
3.35
4.61
5.12
4.08
4.66
4.82
4.71
3.52
3.71
3.43
3.23
ST
2.22
2.13
2.23
2.36
2.81
3.06
3.07
3.21
2.52
2.39
2.40
2.42
3.51
3.74
2.92
2.60
2.68
2.66
1.66
1.64
1.65
1.74
I1T
3.18
3.05
3.36
3.12
4.06
4.47
5.17
4.88
3.50
3.34
3.61
3.64
4.64
4.91
4.48
4.01
3.92
4.18
3.12
3.35
3.55
3.63
Urban
2.66
2.61
2.86
2.74
3.32
3.72
3.99
4.02
3.14
2.97
3.03
3.06
4.05
4.35
3.58
3.42
3.47
3.51
2.44
2.54
2.54
2.60
55/45
HFET
2.98
3.43
3.40
3.85
3.55
4.16
4.35
4.66
2.50
2.44
2.52
2.80
3.80
4.00
4.46
3.80
4.37
4.48
2.93
3.00
3.13
3.67
Comp.
2.80
2.98
3.10
3.24
3.42
3.92
4.15
4.31
2.35
2.73
2.80
2.94
3.94
4.19
3.98
3.59
3.38
3.95
2.68
2.79
2.83
3.0d
NYCC
3.56
3.66
3.85
4.08
4.33
4.05
5.10
5.92
4.46
3.69
5.72
4.24
4.63
4.83
3.14
3.05
3.79
3.60
2.69
3.26
3.24
3.89
CT!
CD
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-l. - NOx emissions, gpm - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
26
27
28
29
30
Temp. ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
3.34
4.65
5.62
5.56
6.07
6.46
2.79
4.10
6.71
6.10
6.15
6.33
4.28
5.69
7.13
8.14
2.78
2.12
3.47
3.10
5.36
5.38
6.09
6.32
6.19
6.32
ST
3.74
3.23
3.96
3.29
4.20
4.46
4.45
3.75
5.51
5.16
4.84
5.96
6.22
6.70
6.69
7.12
2.05
2.12
2.62
1.72
3.67
3.32
4.42
4.65
4.68
4. 99
IIT
5.45
5.10
6.39
5.42
6.33
6.41
6.56
5.86
6.51
7.75
7.52
8.03
7.98
7.76
7.73
9.20
3.37
3.26
3.44
3.56
6.05
6.17
7.01
7.04
7.38
6.93
Urban
4.22
4.07
4.97
4.34
5.17
5.41
4.68
4.40
6.03
6.06
5.84
6.71
6.30
6.79
7.09
7.90
2.72
2.43
3.02
2.54
4.77
4.89
5.47
5.64
5.72
5.90
55/45
IIFET
5.82
5.36
5.91
4.85
5.99
5.67
5.67
5.43
5.94
6 .4 2
6.75
7.77
7.22
7.52
7.93
9.55
4.26
3.09
4.21
4.16
5.60
6.00
6.79
7.14
7.23
7.47
Comp .
4.94
4.65
5.39
4.57
5.54
5.53
5.13
4.86
5.99
6.22
6.25
7.19
6.71
7.12
7.49
8.64
3.41
3.09
3.56
3.27
5.14
5. 39
6.06
6.32
6.42
6.61
NYCC
4.43
4.17
4.31
4.0/
4.90
4.88
5.64
6.29
7.41
7.86
8.61
11.77
8.48
7.23
7.97
8.34
2.83
2.37
3.31
2.52
6.62
7.21
7.22
7.05
8.3 i
6.63
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-2. - NOx emissions, gpm - production late model
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
1JO
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
ifes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
2.24
2.72
2.00
2.14
2.28
2.34
0.57
1.02
1.80
2.08
1.99
2.15
3. 30
3.02
1.64
1.47
2.0G
1.45
3.36
2.90
2.91
2.43
2.91
2.52
ST
0.43
0.39
0.50
0.40
1.03
1.56
0.58
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.93
0.89
4.04
1.91
1.69
1.46
2.58
1.93
1.46
1.47
1.38
1.1J
1.43
1.50
HT
0.31
1.15
1.25
0.94
1.76
1.31
0.55
0.77
0.92
0.68
0.35
0.55
4.03
1.92
1.99
1.34
2.78
2.02
2.01
2.07
2.05
1.74
2.21
2.03
Urban
0.93
1.08
1.01
a. 90
1.49
1.79
0.57
0.82
1.03
1.01
1.13
1.06
3.92
2.14
1.76
1.57
2.53
li. 88
2.00
1.93
1.39
1.59
1.95
1.87
55/45
HFET
0.93
1.24
1.30
0.96
1.37
1.45
0.63
0.73
0.70
0.62
0.79
0.78
1.96
2.08
1.94
1.98
2.42
1.39
2.03
2.59
2. 15
1.96
2.17
1.97
Comp.
0.93
1.15
1.14
0.93
1.44
1.64
0.62
0.30
0.88
0.33
0.98
0.93
3.04
2.11
1.34
1.75
2.43
1.93
2.04
2.23
2.01
1.75
2.05
I.rj2
NYCC
1.83
1.81
2.53
1.28
6.93
1.44
1.00
1.71
1.G6
0.70
1.70
1.17
2.44
2.25
2.17
1.75
3.13
2.44
1.78
1.46
1.75
1.58
1.77
1.75
en
ro
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-2. - NOx emissions, gpm - production late model—Continued
Car
No.
5
6
7
Temp. ,
0 p
25
50
75
100
. 75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
2.20
2.17
2.35
2.10
2.19
2.71
0.54
0.60
0. 79
1.12
1.10
0.95
1.21
1.18
1.07
1.14
1.26
1.47
ST
2.23
2.35
2.58
2.12
2.22
2.56
0.42
0.33
0.64
0.72
1.10
0.62
1.29
1.23
1.33
1.39
1.58
1.96
HT
2.01
2.08
2.24
2.05
2.19
2.35
0.90
1.47
1.38
1.34
1.36
1.00
1.03
1.03
1.06
1.16
1.23
1.49
Urban
2.19
2.24
2.44
2.10
2.20
2.54
0.58
0.96
1.04
0.92
1.17
0.80
1.20
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.41
1.73
55/45
HFET
1.30
1.82
1.87
1.79
1.75
1.87
0.50
0.73
0.57
0.59
0.54
0. 39
0.82
0.30
0.33
O.y2
0.93
1.06
Comp.
2.01
2.05
2.18
1.96
2.00
2.24
0.54
0.38
0.33
0.77
0.39
0.62
1.03
1.00
1.03
1.12
1.19
1.43
NYCC
3.72
3.40
2.50
3.40
3.67
4.23
1.26
1.97
1.34
1.20
1.37
1.48
2.26
2.22
2.64
2.46
2.97
3.43
en
CO
-------
APPENDIX E. - FUEL ECONOMY, MPG
54
-------
TABLE E-l. -
APPENDIX E
Fuel economy, mpg - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)
Car
No.
1
2
3
' 4
b
Temp. ,
0 F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
8.2
10.0
11.5
12.7
10.7
11.4
3.6
10.0
13.0
13.3
11.2
12.5
10.6
11.9
13.3
14.5
12.0
13.0
7. 9
9.7
11. 7
12.5
11.0
11.4
11. 1
12.3
13.9
15.2
13.5
14.1
ST
10.5
10.9
11.2
11.2
10.7
10.8
12.2
12.6
13.3
13.6
12.4
12.0
12.9
13.1
13.4
14.0
11.9
12.3
9.9
11.7
12.1
11.9
11.6
10.3
13.7
13.3
14.3
15. 4
14.3
14.0
HT
12.6
13.8
14.3
14.2
13.2
13.3
14.2
14.5
15.3
15.5
13.8
13. J
14.3
15.1
16.6
16.9
14.7
14.3
12.7
13.0
13.3
13.3
13.0
12.4
15.1
16.0
15.9
16.6
16.1
15.2
Urban
10.4
11.4
12.0
12.2
11.3
11.5
11.6
12.4
13.9
14.0
12.4
12.6
12.8
13.5
14.1
14.8
12.6
13.1
10.2
11.4
12.3
12.4
11.7
11.2
13.6
13.9
14.9
15.5
14.3
14.3
55/45
HFET
17.0
18.8
19.0
19.2
17.3
17.5
19.9
21.2
21.4
20.7
19.8
13.1
20.5
20.9
21.3
21.7
13.6
18.8
17. 9
17.7
19.0
13.5
17.6
16. 7
20.2
20.9
21. 3
22.1
20. G
19.6
Comp.
12.8
13.3
14.3
14.6
13.5
13.6
14.3
15.2
16.5
16.4
14.6
14.5
15.4
16.1
16.7
17.3
14.7
15.1
12.6
13.5
14.6
14.5
13.7
13.1
16.0
16.3
17.2
17.9
16.6
16.3
NYCC
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.5
5.8
5.7
7.1
7.0
7.1
6.6
6.8
6.3
6.6
6.3
6.9
7.0
6.5
6.3
5.2
5.6
6.0
5. J
5.7
5.3
7.8
7.5
7.8
a.i
8.0
6,8
en
ui
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-l. - Fuel economy, mpg - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
6
7
3
y
10
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
10U
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
1UO
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
7.3
10.2
11.3
11.5
10.5
10.9
11.8
12.8
14.0
15.1
9.0
10.7
11.5
12.6
10.9
12.1
10.0
10.9
12.2
13.5
12.8
12.1
9.4
11.7
13.9
15.3
ST
9.7
10.6
10.9
11.2
10.1
10.3
13.6
12.3
13.3
14.4
10.5
11.5
11.5
12.1
10.9
11.1
12.2
12.7
13.1
13.5
12.2
12.5
12.9
13.3
14.1
14.5
HT
11.7
12.3
13.0
13.4
11.9
11.8
16.0
16.0
15.8
16.8
12.2
14.0
14.3
14.5
12.9
13.3
14.2
14.0
14.7
15.6
14.6
14.0
15.4
16.3
15.9
17.3
Urban
9.5
11.0
11.5
11.8
10.6
10.8
13.8
13.3
14.3
14.9
10.5
11.9
12.2
12.8
11.4
11.9
12.4
12.6
13.2
13.8
12.9
12.8
12.5
13.9
14.5
15.3
55/45
HFET
17.0
18.4
19.2
19.7
17.3
16.5
21.7
21.3
22.5
21.7
17.3
18.5
17.9
18.4
16.5
16. 7
18.3
19.9
20.1
20.0
18.0
19.0
20.6
20.9
22. 4
21.7
Comp.
11.9
13.4
14.0
14.4
12.8
12.8
16.5
16.0
17.1
17.4
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.3
13.2
13.6
14.7
15.0
15.6
16.1
14.3
15.0
15.2
16.3
17.2
17.7
NYCC
5.3
5.7
5.9
5.7
5.2
5.3
6.8
7.2
7.5
7.2
6.1
6.8
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.3
6.7
7.1
7.4
7.1
6.0
7.1
7.5
8.7
7.1
7.0
01
cr>
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-l. - Fuel economy, mpg - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
11
12
13
14
15
Temp. ,
0 p
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond .
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
9.3
10.5
12.5
13.8
7.8
11.0
12.7
12.8
10.8
10.4
9.9
12.0
13.5
14.3
12.0
12.5
12.3
13.5
17.3
18.3
12.0
15.4
17.3
13.7
16.5
17.0
ST
13.6
13.6
15.8
15.8
10.4
12.3
12.8
12.7
11.0
10.5
12.3
14.2
14.5
14.9
12.9
12.1
16.4
17.5
13.6
19.3
16.0
17.2
13.6
19.5
17.8
17.7
IIT
15.9
15.0
17.9
18.0
11.4
14.4
14.6
14.9
13.2
11.9
14.8
15.5
16.4
16.6
17.9
13.6
18.4
20. 8
21.3
21.6
17.4
20.1
20 . 0
21.6
U.4
1U.:)
Urban
13.0
13.0
15.2
15.6
10.0
12.5
13.2
13.2
11.4
10.9
12.5
14.0
14.7
15.2
13.8
12.6
16.1
17.0
13.7
19.4
15.5
17.5
13.6
19.8
17. i)
17.3
55/45
I1FET
21.2
21.7
23.5
23.9
17.5
18.5
20.8
20.0
17.6
15.9
20.9
20. 7
22.0
20.4
19.2
18.4
24.9
26.3
27.4
23.1
22.0
24.3
25.2
26.5
25.3
23.3
Comp.
15.7
15.9
18.1
18.5
12.4
14.6
15.8
15.6
13.6
12.7
15.2
16.4
17.3
17.2
15.8
14.7
19.2
20.3
21.3
22.5
17. J
20.0
21.1
22.4
20.6
20.1
NYCC
7.6
8.1
8.5
8.7
5.9
6.5
6.2
6.5
6.4
5.8
7.0
7.0
7.7
8.2
7.4
5.5
9.5
9.7
9.0
9.9
3.9
9.4
10.3
10.5
9.9
9.3
tn
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-l. - Fuel economy, mpg - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
16
17
13
19
20
Temp. ,
0 F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond .
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
9.6
10.5
12.0
13.4
11.5
11.8
9.0
10.6
12.2
13.5
10.1
13.0
13.7
14.9
7.9
•3.4
10.0
11.0
8.5
10.0
11.4
12.3
10.7
11.2
ST
11.7
12.2
13.0
13.1
12.2
11.6
11.4
12.7
12.8
12.9
10.8
13.4
13.5
14.0
9.6
10.3
10.4
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.4
12.0
1U.9
11.2
11T
13.7
13.7
14.9
14.9
13.9
13.5
13.4
14.2
14.7
14.3
14.1
16.6
16.3
16.3
11.6
11.8
12.7
12.9
11.9
11.7
12.8
13.5
12.3
12.4
Urban
11.7
12.2
13.2
13.6
12.4
12.1
11.2
12.6
13.1
13.5
11.7
14.0
14.0
14.5
9.6
10.5
10.8
11.3
10.3
10.8
11.7
12.5
11.2
11.5
55/45
HPET
13.8
19.3
19.8
20.3
19.4
13.0
18.6
19.6
19.7
20.1
19.7
21.0
2.1.5
22.0
16.0
16.7
17.3
17.8
17.4
18.3
13.1
19.4
17.3
17.2
Comp.
14.1
14.6
15.6
16.0
14.8
14.2
13.7
15.0
15.5
15.9
14.3
16.5
16.6
17.2
11.7
12.6
13.0
13.5
12.6
13.3
13.9
14. •}
13.3
13.5
NYCC
6.4
6.9
6.8
7.1
6.5
6.2
6.3
6.5
6.8
6.8
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.6
5.3
..2
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.9
5.5
en
Co
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-l. - Fuel economy, mpg - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)—Continued
Car
No.
21
22
23
24
25
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
5U
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
14.9
17.2
20.6
22.1
13.2
15.7
18.9
20.3
7.6
9.0
9.7
10.5
9.0
9.5
17.5
20.8
23.5
24.0
10.7
12.3
14.3
15. ti
ST
16.4
19.7
19.6
21.6
16.6
17.1
18.9
19.7
9.3
10.0
9.3
10.3
9.5
9.5
22.1
22.7
22.3
23.2
13.3
13.9
15.4
15.5
HT
21.1
23.2
23.5
25.1
18.2
20.9
20.1
21.3
11.1
12.0
11.1
11.3
10.5
10.3
23.9
26.8
27.4
27.1
16.6
10.2
13.3
19.2
Urban
17.1
19.9
20.8
22.6
16.1
17.7
19.2
20.2
9.3
10.2
10.1
10.7
9.6
9.7
21.4
23.3
24.1
24.3
13.4
14.4
is. a
16.5
55/45
HFET
23.5
28.5
30.9
33.3
24.0
25.0
25.6
26.3
14.8
15.5
15.1
16.1
14.1
14.2
32.2
33.5
34.4
35.1
23.3
25.3
25. a
25.1
Comp.
20.9
23.0
24.4
26.6
13.9
20.4
21.7
22.6
11.2
12.1
11.9
12.6
11.2
11.3
25.2
27.0
27.3
23.2
16.6
17.9
19.1
19.8
NYCC
9.0
10.6
10.8
11.2
9.5
10.6
9.9
10.5
5.2
5.3
4.6
5.3
5.6
5.3
13.1
14.0
12.8
12. j
7.7
0.2
C.3
8.4
en
UD
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-l. - Fuel economy, mpg - baseline vehicles (1970 MY)
—Continued
Car
No.
26
27
23
29
30
Temp. ,
0 p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
50
75
100
25
DJ
75
1UO
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
8.6
10.6
11.5
13.8
11.3
12.3
8.0
11.0
12.1
13.2
11.8
12.3
10.2
12.0
14.7
17.8
16.2
20.8
21.9
21.7
7.3
3.7
9. 9
10.3
<>. 2
10 . 2
ST
11.4
12.4
11.9
13.5
11.6
11.7
11.5
12.7
12.6
13.2
12.2
12.3
16.1
17.9
1.9.3
19.3
19.2
23.5
24.7
20.7
3.9
9.G
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.2
HT
12.7
14.8
13.9
15.1
13.9
13.6
13.1
14.9
15.1
14.8
14.2
14.2
17.3
20.3
21.3
21.3
22.0
26.3
26.3
25.6
10.9
11.3
12. 1
12.0
11.3
11 .3
Urban
11.0
12.5
12.3
14.0
12.1
12.3
10.9
12.8
13.0
13.6
12.6
12.8
14.7
16.7
18.7
19.7
19.2
23.5
24.5
22.1
9.0
9.9
10.3
10.5
9.*
9.9
55/45
HFET
18.7
20.0
19.3
20.0
19.1
17.8
18.8
19.7
20.6
21.0
19.7
18.9
21.8
25.8
25.5
26.5
32. G
35.8
36.3
36.7
16.4
16. 9
17.7
17. 1
IS. 3
15. J
Comp.
13.5
15.1
14.7
16.1
14.5
14.3
13.4
15.2
15.6
16.2
15.0
15.0
17.2
19-. )
21.2
22.3
23.6
23.1
23.3
26.9
11.3
12.1
12.6
12.7
12.0
11.9
NYCC
6.0
6.6
6.8
6 .
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-2. - Fuel economy, mpg - production late model
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
Temp . ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
5u
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
12.2
13.9
14.5
16.2
14.4
15.0
10.3
12.6
15.9
17.2
15.0
15.9
11.9
12. 9
14.7
16.2
12.5
15.4
17.0
19.5
22.7
23.5
22.3
21.4
ST
15.5
16.1
16.0
17.7
11.9
14.7
17.1
17.5
13.3
19.5
16.7
17.2
13.4
14.2
15.0
15.1
13.1
14.1
21.6
23.4
24.0
24.0
23.6
20.7
HT
16.6
17.2
17.1
13.6
15.5
16.2
17.1
18.1
17.9
20.2
18.4
18.1
16.2
17.2
17.6
18.0
14.8
16.5
23.4
23.7
25.4
25.7
24.4
23.0
Urban
14.9
15.9
15.9
17.3
i 15.2
15.2
15.0
16.3
17.6
19.2
16.8
17.1
13.7
14.6
15.6
16.0
13.4
14.9
20.9
22.5
24.3
24.3
23.5
21.4
55/45
HFET
22.1
22.6
22.9
24.4
21.9
21.1
22.6
24.1
25.8
25.5
24.0
22.8
24.4
24.8
24.7
26.1
21.4
24.3
30.6
30. 7
32.3
33.1
32.0
31.5
Comp.
17.4
13.3
13.4
20.3
17.6
17.3
17.7
13.1
20.5
21.6
19.4
19.3
17.1
17.9
13.7
19.4
15.1
ld.1
24.4
25.6
27.5
27.6
25.7
25.0
NYCC
9.1
9.4
9.1
9.9
7.8
7.3
10.9
9.5
9.6
10.0
9.4
9.3
8.7
0.3
8.7
3.6
7.9
3.0
14.8
15.9
15.8
14.2
15.2
12.1
-------
APPENDIX E
TABLE E-2. - Fuel ticonomy, mpg - production late model—Continued
Car
No.
5
6
7
Temp . ,
0 F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
14.
16.
17.
19.
16.
15.
12.
14.
16.
17.
15.
15.
27.
31.
32.
35.
2-).
26.
7
3
4
B
5
6
0
:5
4
7
3
1
1
6
1
0
9
7
ST
13. 4
18.3
13.5
21.2
17.7
16.3
13.0
16.3
15.9
16.5
15.2
14.2
2i>.9
36.4
37.3
39.0
32.5
27.1
HT
20.6
20.3
20.6
22.6
19.1
a. 2
16.0
19.3
20.1
20.7
18.0
17.3
33.9
37.1
36.4
38.2
34.0
28.4
Urban
18.0
13.4
18.8
21.2
17.8
16.6
13.5
16.6
17.0
17.7
15.9
15.1
32.3
35.4
35.9
37.9
32.3
27.4
55/45
HFET
27.7
27.9
23.8
29.8
27.7
24.7
23.9
25.2
26.3
27.2
25.2
23.6
39.8
43.6
41.9
42.4
40.8
36.0
Comp.
21.4
21.7
22.3
24.4
21.2
19.5
16.3
19.6
20.2
21.0
19.1
13.0
35.3
38.7
33.4
39.8
35.6
30.7
NYCC
9.6
10.2
11.0
11.0
9.1
8.1
7.0
d.O
9.7
6.5
7.9
7.1
22.6
24.5
20.5
24.0
19.3
17.6
-------
APPENDIX F. - ALDEHYDES, MGPM - PRODUCTION LATE MODEL
63
-------
APPENDIX F
TABLE F-l. - Aldehydes, mgpm - production late model
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
Temp. ,
o p
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
Air
cond.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
36.6
36.4
22.4
29.8
25.1
22.5
41.4
33.4
24.6
31.2
34.2
26.3
93.2
66.6
31.4
36.8
13.8
54.5
37. 7
16.4
30.8
17.6
34.6
12.3
ST
0.0
10.4
0.0
4.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.6
10.8
3.0
29.4
19.7
7.9
1.6
0.0
4.3
19.3
14.3
2d.l
14.1
36.4
4.3
HT
0.0
5.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
4.1
5.5
23.4
22.5
17.9
7.3
0.0
5.6
16.2
4.5
23.1
14.9
30.9
8.3
Urban
7.6
14.4
5.4
9.0
7.3
5.7
8.6
6.9
5.1
10.2
13.8
8.5
43.3
30.2
15.5
10.4
3.9
14.9
22.2
11.9
27.3
15.0
34.5
7.0
-------
APPENDIX F
TABLE F-l. - Aldehydes, mgpm - production late model—Continued
Car
No
5
6
7
Temp . ,
o F
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
75
100
25
50
75
100
Air
cond .
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Urban FTP
CT
29.1
27.9
25.4
33.9
34.8
25.4
20.0
13. 3
9.2
14.1
16.4
29.5
0.0
0.0;
35.3
0.0
ST
23.2
25.8
23.1
33.2
34.8
31.1
4.2
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.6
0.0
0.0
33.5
0.0
HT
18.1
16.7
22.4
23.5
31.7
25.9
2.9
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
32.7
0.0
Urban
23.0
23.8
26.0
34.6
33.9
28.5
7.2
4.7
1.9
2.6
3.3
12.4
0.0
0.0
33.7
0.0
en
------- |