EPA-AA-IMS-82-2
Modifications to MOBILE2
Which Were Used by EPA to Respond
to Congressional Inquiries
on the Clean Air Act
May 1982
Prepared by:
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
PREFACE
The modifications in Che document were used by EPA to respond to Congressional
inquiries regarding the impacts of changes in motor vehicle emissions. The
modifications represent EPA'3 revised estimates of emissions from certain
vehicle classes under current statutory standards, as well as expected
differences in administratively determined standards from those assumed in the
original version of MOBILE2 which are listed below.
Assumed Emission Standards
Which Differ from MOBILE2 Assumptions
Altitude
Region a
Low
High
Vehicle
Type
All LOT
Pollutant
NOx
HDGV & HDD7 CO
NOx
LDDV
All LDT
LDDV
NOx
CO
NOx
NOx
Model
Years
1985
1986-2020
1984-2020
1984-1985
1986-2020
1983-1984
1984-2020
1985
1986-2020
1983-1984
Assumed Emission
Standard
2.3
1.2 b
35
10.7
4.0
1.5
14
2.3
1.2 b
1.5
g/mi
g/mi
g/bhp-hr
g/bhp-hr
g/bhp-hr
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
a: Non-California areas.
b: The mix of technology on LDTs expected under a 2.3 g/mi LDT NOx standard
was assumed in calculating the CO emission factor for 1985 and later LDTs,
however, EPA has in fact made an advance proposal for a 1.2 g/mi NOx standard
to take effect in 1985 and the expected technology mix under a 1.2 g/mi NOx
standard has been assumed in calculating Che 1986 and later NOX emission
factor.
CONTENTS
Title.
Modified Emission Factors
Internal Modifications to MOBILE2 Required to Maintain Consistency
With Modified Emission Factors
Special I/M Credits Required to Maintain Consistency With Modified
Emission Factors
Comparison of Original and Modified Composite Motor Vehicle Emission
Factors as of December 31, 1987
-------
Table 1
Modified Emission Factors
Regj
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
Vehicle^)
Lon'a) Type Code
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
6
7
7
1 = Non-California
3 * Non-California
1 =» LDGV, 2 » LDGT1
2 = CO, 3 - NOx
Pollutant^}
Code
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Low Altitude
High Altitude
, 3 - LDGT2, 4
First(d) Last(d) Modified Emission Factors
Model
Year
1981
1982
1983
1983
1984
1985
1986
1984
1985
1986
1979
1984
1986
1984
1986
1983
1985
1986
1985
1986
Model
Year
1981
1982
2020
2020
2020
1985
2020
2020
1985
2020
1983
1985
2020
1985
2020
1984
1985
2020
1985
2020
Deterioration
Zero Mile Rate
4.93
4.70
3.21
0.68
7.13
1.42
0.75
7.13
1.42
0.75
174.96
56.15
44.36
11.33
4.39
1.11
1.89
0.93
22.90
10.87
2.50
2.50
1.38
0.11
1.35
0.08
0.07
1.35
0.08
0.07
8.37
5.63
5.63
0.09
0.09
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.12
0.12
HDGV, 5 - LDDV, 6 - LDDT, 7 - HDDV
(d) Only the last two digits of the model year are entered into MOBILE2.
-------
Table 1, continued
Modified Emission Factors
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3'
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Vehicle(b)
Type Code
L
1
1
1
1
L
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
7
7
Pollutant (c
Code
2
2 .
2
2 -
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
First(d)
> Model
Year
1981
1982
1983
1984
1981
1982
1984
1984
1984
1986
1984
1984
1986
1979
1984
1986
1984
1986
1983
1984
1985
1986
1985
1986
Last(d)
Model
Year
1981
1982
1983
2020
1981
1983
2020
2020
1985
2020
2020
1985
2020
1983
1985
2020
1985
2020
1984
2020
1985
2020
1985
2020
Modified Emission Factors
Deterioration
Zero Mile Rate
10.78
8.13
7.75
3.75
0.52
0.57
0.58
9.85
1.26
0.69
9.85
1.26
0.69
324.55
104.16
82.29
7.55
2.92
1.11
2.77
1.89
0.93
22.90
10.87
3.07
3.12
3.12
2.24
0.09
0.10
0.10
1.35
0.04
0.07
1.35
0.04
0.07
8.37
5.63
5.63
0.09
0.09
0.06
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.12
0.12
(a) 1 = Non-California Low Altitude
3 = Non-California High Altitude .
(b) 1 = LDGV, 2 = LDGtl, 3 = LDGT2, 4
(c) 1 - HC, 2 = CO, 3 - NOx
(d) Only the last two digits of the model year are entered into MOBILE2.
= HDDGV, 5 - LDDV, 6 = LDDT, 7
HDDV
-------
5'
Table 2
Internal Modifications Required to MOBILE2 to Maintain
Consistency With Modified Emission Factors
The internal modifications listed in the following table are required to
maintain consistency with the modified emission factors. Without these
modifications, incorrect results will be calculated for alb MOBILE2 runs
involving high altitude CO emission factors, an I/M program that inspects
light-duty trucks, temperatures outside the range of 68°? Co 86°F, or
nonstandard operating mode parameters (standard parameters are PCCN = 20.6,
PCHC ' 27.3, and PCCC » 20.6).
With these modifications, consistent CO and NOx emission factors will be
calculated. However, Che HC output from MOBILE2 with these modifications will
not be meaningful and should not be used. The original MOBILZ2, or MOBILE1,
should continue to be used for calculating all HC emission factors.
-------
Table 2, Continued
Internal Modifications Required to
MOBILE2 to Maintain Consistency
With Modified Emission Factors
LINE
NUMBER
ORIGINAL
5l.'UtOy5B*M pCLEfi
"4OO04 ~ ~ IF (MY .GE
40000 IF(MY.GE
40O09 3OO IF(MY.GT
SUBPROGRAM BLOCK DAI A 3
55375
55377
55393
55395
* 1903.
1903.
1903.
1903.
MOBILE 2 SOURCE
. 1975 AND MY LE
1979 AND MY LE
.1904) UECIIM
I9B4
252O
1904
I9B4
. OOOO .
. OOOO .
. 1905.
.202O.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
. 1904) ITECH=2
. 1§04) 11 ECHO
OOOO
OOOO
OOOO
OOOO
LINE
NUMBER
4OOB4
4OOOO
4OOQ9
55375
55377
55393
55395
SUBPROGRAM ULOCK UA1 A 16
~6BO52
6BO53
60OC.O
6OO6 1
60067
6HO6B
60O75
60076
60002
6(1083
GUO9O
60O9I
6BO98
60 IO6
60 113
60 12 1
1967.
1967.
1967.
1967.
1969.
1969.
1969.
1969.
(969.
1969.
1969.
1,969 .
1974.
1974.
1970.
1970.
1969
1972
1969
19,72
Iir73
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1976
1976
1979
1979
. 197 1 .
.1974.
. 197 1 .
. 1974 .
. 1970.
. 1970.
.1970.
. 1970.
. 1970.
. 1970.
. 1970.
. 1970.
. 1377 .
. 19/7.
. 1904.
.1984.
1974.
1970.
1974.
1970.
1900.
I9BO.
1900.
I9BO.
1983.
I9B3.
1903.
1983.
1970.
1970.
2O20.
2O2O.
I90O
1900
I90O
I90O
J904
1984
iio4
1904
1904
1904
1904
1904
1979
1979
OOOO
OOOO
. 1904 .
.1984.
lill-
. 1904 .
. 2556 .
.202O.
.2O20.
.202O.
.2O2O.
.2020.
.2O2O.
. 2O2O .
. I9QO.
. I90O.
. OOOO .
. OOOO .
2O2O.
2O2O.
202O.
2O2O.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
J902.
I9B2.
6666.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
2O20.
2O20.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO/
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO/
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO.
OOOO/
OOOO.
OOOO/
OOOO.
OOOO/
60O52
60053
68O60
60O6 1
6QO67
60O60
6BO75
60O76
6QO02
6BO03
60O9O
68091
60O90
60IO6
601 13
6012 1
MODIFIED MOBILE2 SOURCE
IF(MY.GE.1975 AND MY.LE.J905) ITECH=2
1F(MY GE.1879. AND. MY. LE. .1905) ITECIIO
3OO IF(MY GT 1905) ITtCIIM
I9B3.QOOO.OOOO.OOOO.OOOO.
I903.OOOO.OOOO.OOOO.OOOO.
1903.1984.OOOO.OOOO.OOOO.
1903.1904.OOOO.OOOO.OOOO.
cr>
1967.
1967.
1967.
1967.
1969.
1969.
I9G9.
1969.
1969.
1969.
1969.
1969.
1974.
1974.
1970.
1970.
1969.
1972.
1969.
1972.
1973.
1973.
1973.
1973.
1973.
1973.
1973.
1973.
1976.
1976.
1979.
1979.
1971.
1974.
1971.
1974.
1978.
I97B.
1970.
1978.
1970.
I97B.
1970.
1978.
1977.
1977.
1905.
1905.
1974
1978
1974
1978
I98O
I98O
I90O
I9BO
202O
2O2O
2O2O
202O
7970
1978
2O2O
2O2O
. I9BO.
. I98O.
. I90O.
. I8BO.
. 1985.
.lias.
.1905.
.Taos.
.OOOO.
.OOOO.
.OOOO.
.OOOO.
. 1979.
. 1979.
.0000.
.OOOO.
1905
1905*
J9B5
Igos
2O2O
202O
202O
2020
OOOO
OOOO
OOOO
OOOO
1900
I9BO
OOOO
OOOO
.2O2O
.2O2O
. 2O2O
. 2O2O
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.0000
. 1904
.1904
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.OOOO
.2020
.2020
.OOOO
.OOOO
.0000.
. OOOO .
. OOOO .
. OOOO/
. OOOO .
.OOOO.
. OOOO .
. OOOO/
. OOOO .
.OOOO.
. OOOO .
. OOOO/
. OOOO .
. OOOO/
. OOOO .
.OOOO/
-------
7
Table 3
Special I/M Credits Required to Maintain Consistency
With Modified Emission Factors
Explanation
Low Altitude Areas - The I/M credits for CO emissions from Technology 4
vehicles appearing in the original MOBILE2 are not compatible with the
alternate emission factors given in Table 1. New compatible CO credits have
been generated and appear below and in the accompanying low-altitude punched
card deck.
High Altitude Areas - The affected EPA Regional Offices were notified on
August 4, 1981 (C. Gray to Air and Hazardous Materials Division Directors,
Regions 8-10, copy subsequently sent to Region 6) of the availability of a
complete set of alternate I/M credits for high-altitude areas, covering
Technology 1 through 4 vehicles. The Technology 4 credits for CO in that set
.of credits are not compatible with the alternate emission factors given in
Table 1. A new complete and compatible set of credits appear below and in the
accompanying high-altitude punched card deck.
Additional card decks can be requested by calling (313)668-4235 or
FTS 374-8235.
Instructions for Use
Low Altitude Areas - The punched card deck (including the first card which
contains the number "9" and the following title cards) must be supplied to
MOBILE2 during execution on I/O Unit 4. In addition, the input record
describing the I/M program parameters (see Users Manual Section 2.2.4 on page
26) must have all eight parameters specified, with the eighth -- the new data
flag -- having a value of "2" to indicate that only Technology 4 I/M credits
will be altered. The HC output from MOBILE2 with these modifications and new
I/M credits should be ignored, and the HC output from the original MOBILE2, or
MOBILE1, used instead.
High Altitude Areas - Instructions for use are the same as for low-altitude
areas, except that the new data flag should have a value of "3" to indicate
that all I/M credits will be altered.
-------
9
********************************************************
** SPECIAL -LOW- ALTITUDE CO I/M CREDITS FOR TSCH 4' . **
** VEHICLES TO MAINTAIN CONSISTENCY WITH MODIFIED **
** EMISSION FACTORS FOR LOW-ALTITUDE VEHICLES **
** RELEASED IN APRIL 1982. THESE CREDITS ARE VALID **
** ONLY FOR LOW-ALTITUDE REGIONS. **
** »IGNORE ALL HC OUTPUT WHEN USING THESE CREDITS. « **
** » CALL (313) 668-4365 FOR ASSISTANCE « **
******
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** SPECIAL HIGH-ALTITUDE CO I /M CREDITS FOR TECH
** 1 , 2 & 4 VEHICLES TO MAINTAIN CONSISTENCY WITH
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0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48
48 48
48 47
33 33
32 32
32 32
32 32
32 31
31 31
31 31
31 30
30 30
30 29
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 38
38 38
38 38
38 38
38 38
37 37
37 37
37 37
37 37
36 36
36 26
36 36
35 35
35 34
34 34
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 43
43 43
43 43
43 43
42 42
42 42
42 42
42 42
42 41
41 41
41 41
41 40
40 40
40 39
39 38
0. 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48
48 48
48 48
48 47
47 47
32 32
32 32
32 32
32 31
31 31
31 31
30 30
30 29
29 28
28 27
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 38
38 38
38 38
38 38
38 38
38 38.
37 37
37 37
37 37
37 37
36 36
36 36
36 35
35 35
35 34
34 33
33 31
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 43
43 43
43 43
43 43
43 43
42 42
42 42
42 42
42 42
42 41
41 41
41 41
4.0-40
40 39
39 39
38 37
37 36
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48
48 48
48 48
48 48
48 47
47 47
47 47
32 32
32 32
32 31
31 31
31 30
30 30
29 29 '
28 27
27 25
25 8
0 0
0 39
39 39
38 38
38 38
38 38
38 38
38 38
38 37
37 37
37 37
37 36
36 36
36 36
35 35
35 34
34 33
33 32
31 29
29 9
0 0
0 43
43 43
43 43
43 43
43 45
43 43
43 42
42 42
42 42
42 42
41 41
41 41
41 40
40 40
40 39
39 38
38 36
36 33
33 1 1
0 0
0 48
48 48
48 48
48 48
48 48
47 47
47 47
47 47
47 47
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466''
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
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52
52
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52
52
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0
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53
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48
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53
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52
52
52
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52
52
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53
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52
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51
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50
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46
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45
44
43
42
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53
53
53
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43
42
40
37
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53
53
53
52
52
52
52
52
51
51
51
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45
41
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43
42
40
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12
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53
53
53
53
52
52
52
52
51
51
51
50
50
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48
47
45
42
1.3
481
482
433
434
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
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-------
19
Table 4
Comparison of Original and Modified
Composite Motor Vehicle CO and NOx Emission Factors
as of December 31, 1987
(Note; All values assume national inputs except as specified)
12/31/87 Composite Emission FactorCg/mi)
Region
(Altitude)
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Lox*
High
High
High
High
Temperature Speed
Pollutant
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
(°F).
75
75
25
25
75
75
25
25
75
75
25
25
75
75
25
25
75
75
25
25
75
75
25
25
(mph)
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
19.6
30.0
I/M*
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Original
MOBILE2
27.84
18.41
45.66
30.31
21.31
14.06
34.23
22.69
40.66
27.49
66.27
44.82
33.54
22.67
53.58
36.26
2.51
2.78
2.73
3.04
2.30
2.55
2.48
2.77
Modified
27.57
18.17
43.76
28.98
22.02
14.47
34.07
22.52
39.01
26.29
61.03
41.21
33.68
22.67
51.52
34.77
2.62
2.87
2.83
3.12
2.21
2.40
2.37
2.60
Change (%)
-1.0%
-1.3%
-4.2%
-4.4%
3.3%
2.9%
-0.5%
-0.7%
-4.1%
-4.4%
-7.9%
-8.1%
0.4%
0.0%
-3 . 8%
-4.1%
4.4%
3.2%
3.7%
2.6%
-3.9%
-5.9%
-4.4%
-6.1%
* The I/M program assumed, consists of .20% stringency factor for pre-1981 vehicles,
50% identification rate for 1981 and later vehicles, no mechanic training, 20 model
years inspected, and inspection of light-duty vehicles only beginning on January 1,
1983.
Corrected 9/17/82
------- |