United States
Environmental Protection Agency
EPA-AA-RSPD-IM-96-1
June 1996
Air
High-Tech I/M Test Procedures, Emission
Standards, Quality Control Requirements,
and Equipment Specifications: IM240 and
Functional Evaporative System Tests
Revised
Technical Guidance
DRAFT
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Table of Contents
Page
Introduction 1
§85.2205 Test Standards 2
(a) IM240 Emission Standards 2
(b) Transient Test Score Calculations 6
(c) Evaporative System Purge Test Standards 9
(d) Evaporative System Pressure Test Standards 9
§85.2221 IM240 and Evaporative System Purge Test Procedures 11
(a) General Requirement s 11
(b) Pre-inspection and Preparation 11
(c) Equipment Positioning and Settings 12
(d) Vehicle Conditioning 13
(e) Vehicle Emission Test Sequence 14
(f) Emission Measurements 17
§85.2222 Evaporative System Pressure Test Procedures 18
(a) General Requirement s 18
(b) Pre-inspection and Preparation 18
(c) Canister-End Pressure Test 18
(d) Fuel Inlet Pressure Test 18
§85.2226 IM240 Equipment Specifications 21
(a) Dynamometer Specifications 21
(b) Constant Volume Sampler 29
(c) Analytical Instruments 30
§85.2227 Evaporative System Inspection Equipment 33
(a) General Requirements 33
(b) Evaporative Purge System 33
(c) Evaporative System Pressure Test Equipment 34
§85.2234 IM240 Test Quality Control Requirements ' 36
(a) General Requirements 36
(b) Dynamometer . 36
(c) Constant Volume Sampler 43
(d) Analysis System 44
(e) Gases 47
(f) Overall System Performance 47
(g) Control Charts 48
§85.2235 Evaporative Test System Quality Control Requirements 50
(a) Evaporative Purge Analysis System Flow Checks 50
(b) Evaporative System Integrity Checks 50
§85.2239 Test Report 51
(a) General Test Report Information 51
(b) Tests and Results 51
(c) Recommended IM240 Second-By-Second Emissions Report 53
§85.2231 Terms 54
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(a) Definitions 54
(b) Abbreviations 54
Appendix A Guidance on the Use of Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Appendix B Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
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Introduction
This document is the successor to the April 1994 version of "High-Tech I/M Test Procedures
Emission Standards, Quality Control Requirements, and Equipment Specifications." It incorporates
changes discussed by the I/M Test Committee since April 1994 and thus includes the latest standards
and procedures recommended for IM240 testing. Several major additions and changes have been
made. The draft supplemental technical guidance dynamometer specifications that were issued in
August of 1994 under separate cover are now incorporated, with changes discussed in Committee,
into this document. This version also includes the standards for fast-passing vehicles and for heavy-
duty vehicles; fast-fail references have been deleted. This version includes the evaporative system
pressure tests, including the gas cap pressure test, the fuel inlet pressure test, and the canister end
pressure test. Finally, this version incorporates the recommended reporting format for vehicles that
fail the IM240. Many other smaller changes were made to the document as well.
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§85.2205
§85.2205
§85.2205 Test Standards
(a) IM240 Emission Standards
(1) Two Ways to Pass Standards . If the corrected, composite emission rates calculated
in §85.2205(b) exceed standards for any exhaust component, additional analysis of
test results shall look at the second phase of the driving cycle separately. Phase 2
shall include second 94 through second 239. Second-by-second emission rates in
grams, and composite emission rates in grams per mile for Phase 2 and for the entire
test shall be recorded for each gas. For any given exhaust component, if the
composite emission level is equal to or below the composite standard or if the Phase
2 grams per mile emission level is equal to or below the applicable Phase 2
standard, then the vehicle shall pass the test for that exhaust component.
(2) Start-up Standards . Start-up standards should be used during the first two years of
program operation. Tier 1 standards are recommended for 1996 and newer vehicles
and may be used for 1994 and newer vehicles certified to Tier 1 standards. The
following exhaust emissions standards, in grams per mile, are recommended:
(i)
Light Duty Vehicles .
Model Years
Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Oxides of Nitrogen
1 994+ Tier 1
1991-1995
1983-1990
1981-1982
1980
1977-1979
1975-1976
1973-1974
1968-1972
Composite Phase 2
0.80 0.50
1.20 0.75
2.00 1.25
2.00 1.25
2.00 1.25
7.50 5.00
7.50 5.00
10.0 6.00
10.0 6.00
(in High-Altitude Lieht Dutv
Model Years
1983-1984
1982
Hydrocarbons
Composite Phase 2
2.00 1.25
2.00 1.25
fin) Light Dutv Trucks 1 Hess
Model Years
1994+ Tier 1
Hydrocarbons
Composite Phase 2
(<3750LVW) 0.80 0.50
(>3750LVW) 1.00 0.63
1991-1995 2.40 1.50
Composite Phase 2
15.0 12.0
20.0 16.0
30.0 24.0
60.0 48.0
60.0 48.0
90.0 72.0
90.0 72.0
150 120
150 120
Vehicles .
Carbon Monoxide
Composite Phase 2
60.0 48.0
75.0 60.0
than 6000 pounds GVWR)
Carbon Monoxide
Composite Phase 2
15.0 12.0
20.0 16.0
60.0 48.0
Composite Phase 2
2.0 2.0
2.5 2.5
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0
9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0
10.0 10.0
Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2
2.0 2.0
2.5 2.5
3.0 3.0
Standards / Calculations
Page 2
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§85.2205 §85.2205
1988-1990 3.20 2.00
1984-1987 3.20 2.00
1979-1983 7.50 5.00
1975-1978 8.00 5.00
1973-1974 10.0 6.00
1968-1972 10.0 6.00
Civ) High- Altitude Light Duty
Model Years
1991+
1988-1990
1984-1987
1982-1983
Hydrocarbons
Composite Phase 2
3.00 2.00
4.00 2.50
4.00 2.50
8.00 5.00
80.0 64.0
80.0 64.0
100 80.0
120 96.0
150 120
150 120
Trucks 1 (less than 6000
Carbon Monoxide
Composite Phase 2
70.0 56.0
90.0 72.0
90.0 72.0
130 104
3.5 3.5
7.0 7.0
7.0 7.0
9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0
10.0 10.0
pounds GVWFO .
Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2
3.0 3.0
3.5 3.5
7.0 7.0
7.0 7.0
(v) Light Duty Trucks 2 (greater than 6000 pounds GVWK)
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
C
1994+Tier 1
(<5750 LVW)
(>5750 LVW)
1991-1995
1988-1990
1984-1987
1979-1983
1975-1978
1973-1974
1968-1972
(vi) High-Altitude Light Duty Trucks 2 fgreater than 6000 pounds GVWR1
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
mposite
1.00
2.40
2.40
3.20
3.20
7.50
8.00
10.0
10.0
Phase 2
0.63
1.50
1.50
2.00
2.00
5.00
5.00
6.00
6.00
Composite
20.0
60.0
60.0
80.0
80.0
100
120
150
150
Phase 2
16.0
48.0
48.0
64.0
64.0
80.0
96.0
120
120
Composite
2.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
7.0
7.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
Phase 2
2.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
7.0
7.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
1991+
1988-1990
1984-1987
1982-1983
Composite
3.00
4.00
4.00
8.00
Phase 2
2.00
2.50
2.50
5.00
Composite
70.0
90.0
90.0
130
Phase 2
56.0
72.0
72.0
104
Composite
4.5
5.0
7.0
7.0
Phase 2
4.5
5.0
7.0
7.0
(vii) Heaw-Dutv Trucks (greater than 8500 pounds GVWIO .*
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2 Composite Phase 2 Composite Phase 2
* The heavy-duty truck standards provided here were calculated using new vehicle certification standards and have not
be subjected to field testing. This document provides no other guidance on heavy duty truck testing. Thus, anyone
interested in performing IM240 tests on heavy-duty trucks should proceed with appropriate caution.
Standards / Calculations Page 3
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§85.2205
§85.2205
(3)
1998+
1991-1997
1987-1990
1985-1986
1979-1984
1974-1978
1970-1973
pre-1970
Final Standards .
2.00
3.00
3.00
5.00
6.00
10.0
10.0
20.0
1.30
1.90
1.90
3.10
3.80
6.30
6.30
12.50
The following
30.0
60.0
60.0
75.0
100.0
150.0
175.0
200.0
24.0
48.0
48.0
60.0
80.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
exhaust emissions standards,
4.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
in grams
4.
0
6.0
8.
8.
8.
10
10
15
per
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
mi
recommended for vehicles tested in the calendar years 1997 and later. Tier 1
standards are recommended for all 1996 and newer vehicles but may be used for
1984 and newer vehicles.
Light Duty Vehicles .
Model Years
Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2
1994+ Tier 1 0.60 0.40
1983-1995 0.80 0.50
1981-1982 0.80 0.50
1980 0.80 0.50
1977-1979 3.00 2.00
1975-1976 3.00 2.00
1973-1974 7.00 4.50
1968-1972 7.00 4.50
Cn) High-Altitude Light Dutv
Model Years Hydrocarbons
Composite Phase 2
1983-1984 1.20 0.75
1982 1.20 0.75
fin) Light Dutv Trucks 1 (less
Model Years Hydrocarbons
Composite Phase 2
1994+ Tier 1
(<3750LVW) 0.60 0.40
(>3750LVW) 0.80 0.50
1988-1995 1.60 1.00
1984-1987 1.60 1.00
1979-1983 3.40 2.00
1975-1978 4.00 2.50
1973-1974 7.00 4.50
1968-1972 7.00 4.50
Composite Phase 2
10.0 8.0
15.0 12.0
30.0 24.0
30.0 24.0
65.0 52.0
65.0 52.0
120 96.0
120 96.0
Vehicles .
Carbon Monoxide
Composite Phase 2
30.0 24.0
' 45.0 36.0
than 6000 pounds GVWFO
Carbon Monoxide
Composite Phase 2
10.0 8.0
13.0 10.0
40.0 32.0
40.0 32.0
70.0 56.0
80.0 64.0
120 96.0
120 96.0
Composite Phase 2
1.5 1.5
2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
4.0 4.0
4.0 4.0
6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0
7.0 7.0
Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2
2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2
1.5 1.5
1.8 1.8
2.5 2.5
4.5 4.5
4.5 4.5
6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0
7.0 7.0
Standards / Calculations
Page 4
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§85.2205 §85.2205
(iv) High-Altitude Light Duty Trucks 1 (less than 6000 pounds GVWIO .
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
1988+
1984-1987
1982-1983
Composite Phase 2
2.00 1.25
2.00 1.25
4.00 2.50
Composite Phase 2
60.0 48.0
60.0 48.0
90.0 72.0
Composite Phase 2
2.5 2.5
4.5 4.5
4.5 4.5
(v) Light Duty Trucks 2 (greater than 6000 pounds GVWIO .
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
Composite Phase 2 Composite Phase 2 Composite Phase 2
1994+Tier 1
(<5750LVW) 0.80 0.50 13.0 10.0 1.8 1.8
(>5750LVW) 0.80 0.50 15.0 12.0 2.0 2.0
1988-1995 1.60 1.00 40.0 32.0 3.5 3.5
1984-1987 1.60 1.00 40.0 32.0 4.5 4.5
1979-1983 3.40 2.00 70.0 56.0 4.5 4.5
1975-1978 4.00 2.50 80.0 64.0 6.0 6.0
1973-1974 7.00 4.50 120 96.0 6.0 6.0
1968-1972 7.00 4.50 120 96.0 7.0 7.0
(vi) High-Altitude Light Duty Trucks 2 Tgreater than 6000 pounds GVWIO
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
1988+
1984-1987
1982-1983
Composite Phase 2
2.00 1.25
2.00 1.25
4.00 2.50
Composite Phase 2
60.0 48.0
60.0 48.0
90.0 72.0
Composite Phase 2
3.5 3.5
4.5 4.5
4.5 4.5
(vii) Heaw-Dutv Trucks Tereater than 8500 pounds GVWIO
Model Years Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen
1998+
1991-1997
1987-1990
1985-1986
1979-1984
1974-1978
1970-1973
Composite
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
10.0
10.0
Phase 2
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.90
3.10
6.30
6.30
Composite
30.0
40.0
40.0
50.0
75.0
150.0
175.0
Phase 2
24.0
32.0
32.0
40.0
60.0
120.0
140.0
Composite
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
10.0
10.0
Phase 2
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
10.0
10.0
pre-1970 20.0 12.50 200.0 160.0 15.0 15.0
Standards / Calculations Page 5
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§85.2205 §85.2205
(4) Fast-Pass. Vehicles may be fast-passed using the following algorithm. Fast-pass
shall only be used when more than one vehicle is waiting in the queue for a test.
(i) Beginning at second 30 of the driving cycle, cumulative second-by-second
emission levels for each second, calculated from the start of the cycle in
grams, shall be compared to the cumulative fast-pass emission standards for
the second under consideration. For exhaust components subject to Phase 2
standards, cumulative second-by-second emission levels calculated from
second 109 forward in grams shall be compared to cumulative second-by-
second fast-pass Phase 2 emission standards for the second under
consideration.
(ii) A vehicle shall pass the IM240 for a given exhaust component if either of
the following conditions occur:
(A) cumulative emissions of the exhaust component for the full
driving cycle are below the full cycle fast-pass standard for the
second under consideration; or,
(B) at second 94 and later, if the exhaust component is subject to
Phase 2 standards, cumulative Phase 2 emissions are below the
Phase 2 fast-pass standards for the second under consideration;
(iii) Testing may be terminated when fast-pass criteria are met for all subject
exhaust components and for purge as described in §85.2205(c)(l) or
§85.2205(c)(3)(ii) in the same second.
(v) If a fast-pass determinat ion cannot be made for all subject exhaust
components and for purge before the driving cycle ends, the pass/fail
determination for each component shall be based on composite or Phase 2
emissions over the full driving cycle as described in §85.2205(a)(l).
(vi) Vehicles may be fast-passed using other approaches if approved by the
Administrator. States are encourage to develop and use equations to define
fast-pass standards for each composite emission standard rather than using
tabular standards for each second of the test. EPA-developed tabular fast-
passed standards are included in Appendix A. Fast-pass standards
developed by Colorado's contractor are included in Appendix B.
(b) Transient Test Score Calculations
(1) Composite Scores . The composite scores for the test shall be determined by
dividing the sum of the mass of each exhaust component obtained in each second of
the test by the number of miles driven in the test. The first data point is the sample
taken from t=0 to 1=1. The composite test value shall be calculated by the equation
Standards / Calculations Page 6
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§85.2205 §85.2205
X grams of emissions
sec=0 _
(i) Composite gpm = -
o
£ miles traveled
sec=0
Where: s = duration of test in second s for fast pass
239 seconds for complete IM240
(2) Second-by-Second Mass Calculations . The mass of each exhaust component shall
be calculated to five significant digits for each second of the test using the following
equations:
(i) Hydrocarbon mass: HCmass = Vmix * Density Hc *
1000000
(ii) Carbon Monoxide mass: COmaSs = Vmix * Density co *
cone
(iii) Oxides of Nitrogen mass: NOXmass = Vmix * DensityNQ2 * KH *
(iv) Carbon Dioxide mass: CO2mass = Vmix * Density CO2 *
(3) Meaning of Terms .
(i) HCjnass = Hydrocarbon emissions in grams per second.
1000000
NOxconc
1000000
(ii) Density HC = Density of hydrocarbons is 16.33 grams per cubic foot assuming
an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85 at 68°F and 760
mm Hg pressure.
(iii) HCCOnc = Average hydrocarbon concentration per second of the dilute
exhaust sample measured as described in §85.2226(c)(4), and
corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent, i.e.,
equivalent propane * 3.
(A) HCConc = HCe-HCd(l-DY) Where:
(B) HCe = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust sample
as measured in ppm carbon equivalent.
(C) HCd = Background hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution
air, sampled as described in §85.2221(b)(5), as measured
in ppm carbon equivalent.
Standards / Calculations Page 7
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§85.2205 §85.2205
13.4
CD) DF = - '' - 7 . calculated on a second-by-
C02e + (HCe + COe) * 10'4
second basis.
(iv) Vmix ~ The CVS flow rate in cubic feet per second corrected to
standard temperature and pressure.
(v) COjnass = Carbon monoxide emissions in grams per second.
(vi) Density co = Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 grams per cubic foot at
68°F and 760 mm Hg pressure.
(vii) CO Conc = Average carbon monoxide concentration per second of the
dilute exhaust sample measured as in §85.2226(c)(4), and
corrected for background, water vapor, and CO 2 extraction, in
ppm.
(A) COCOnc= COe-COd(l-5p)
(B) C0e = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute exhaust in
ppm.
(C) COd = Background carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution
air, sampled as described in §85.2221(b)(5), in ppm.
(viii) NOxmass = Oxides of nitrogen emissions in grams per second.
(ix) DensityNQ2 = Density of oxides of nitrogen is 54.16 grams per cubic foot
assuming they are in the form of nitrogen dioxide at 68°F and
760 mm Hg pressure.
(x) NOxconc = Average concentration of oxides of nitrogen per second of the
dilute exhaust sample measured as described in §85.2226(c)(4),
and corrected for background in ppm.
(A) NOxConc =
(B) NOxe = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute exhaust
sample as measure in ppm.
(C) NOxd = Background oxides of nitrogen concentration of the
dilution air, sampled as described in §85.2221(b)(5),
measured in ppm.
(xi) KH = humidity correction factor.
Standards / Calculations Page 8
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§85.2205 §85.2205
(A) KH = 1 - 0.0047 (H - 75) '
(B) H = Absolute humidity in grains of water per pound of dry air.
(43.478)Ra*Pd
(c> H = i RT-
(D) Ra = Relative humidity of the ambient air, percent.
(E) Pd = Saturated vapor pressure, mm Hg at the ambient dry bulb
temperature. If the temperature is above 86° F, then it
shall be used in lieu of the higher temperature, until EPA
supplies final correction factors.
(F) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg.
(xii) C02mass = Carbon dioxide emissions in grams per second.
(xiii) Density CO2 = Density of carbon dioxide is 51.81 grams per cubic foot at 68 °F
and 760 mm Hg.
(xiv) CO 2conc = Average carbon dioxide concentration per second of the dilute
exhaust sample measured as described in §85.2226(c), and
corrected for background in percent.
(A) C02conc = C02e-C02d(l-5p)
(B) CO2d = Background carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution
air, sampled as described in §85.222l(b)(5), measured in
percent.
(c) Evaporative System Purge Test Standards
(1) Total Flow Method . The vehicle shall pass the purge test when the total volume of
flow exceeds one standard liter. If total volume of flow is less than 1.0 standard
liter at the conclusion of the transient driving cycle, the vehicle shall fail. Any
measurement below the noise specification in §85.2227(b)(2)(vi) shall not be
included in the total flow calculation.
(2) Total Flow Method Fast-Pass . Vehicles may be passed using the following
algorithm.
(i) Beginning at second 30 of the driving cycle, cumulative second-by-second
purge levels for each second, in liters, shall be compared to the cumulative
fast-pass purge standards for the second under consideration.
Standards / Calculations Page 9
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§85.2205 §85.2205
(ii) A vehicle shall pass the purge test if cumulative purge levels are above the
fast-pass standard for the second under consideration.
(iii) Testing may be terminated when a fast-pass decision has been made for
purge and for all subject exhaust components as described in §85.2205(a)(4).
(v) If a fast-pass decision cannot be made for purge and for all subject exhaust
components before the driving cycle ends, the pass/fail determination for
purge shall be based on purge levels over the full driving cycle as described
in §85.2205(c)(l).
(d) Evaporative System Pressure Test Standards
(1) Visual Check. The vehicle shall fail the evaporative system visual check if any part
of the system is missing, damaged, improperly connected, or disconnected as
described in §85.2222(b).
(2) Canister End Pressure Test Standards . The vehicle shall fail the pressure test if the
system cannot maintain a pressure above eight inches of water for up to two minutes
after being pressurized to 14±0.5 inches of water. The vehicle shall also fail if it
does not posess a check valve, as identified in the Look-up Table, and if no pressure
drop is detected when the gas cap is loosened as described in §85.2222(c)(4).
(3) Fuel Inlet Pressure Test .
(i) Pass/Fail Determination . Flow rate, fill pressure, and decay pressure shall be
measured at 2 Hz, averaged over 1 second intervals, and curve fitted using a
least squares technique. If the volume compensated pressure drop is more
than the pressure loss determined from starting and ending pressures in the
Pressure Decay Reference Equation in §85.2205(c)(3)(ii), the vehicle shall
fail. Otherwise the vehicle shall pass. If not using volume compensation,
the vehicle shall fail if the loss in pressure exceeds 6 inches of water.
(ii) Pressure Decay Reference Equation . This equation provides pressure loss
values equivalent to a loss of pressure from 14 to 8 inches of water when the
starting pressure is other than 14 inches of water.
P =40 * (0.9967-2.7* 10'6*t)t
Where:
P = Starting or ending pressure, in inches of water.
t = Time, in seconds.
(iii) Fast-Pass. Fast-pass determinations may be made anytime during the
pressure decay between 20 and 120 seconds if the measured pressure
exceeds the corresponding Pressure Test Reference Equation cutpoint, from
§85.2205 (c)(3)(ii), by 1 inch of water pressure. The cutpoint is determined
by adding 1 inch of water to the pressure value at a time t. The pressure at
time t corresponds to the pressure at the equivalent "start time" plus the time
Standards /Calculations Page 10
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§85.2205 §85.2205
in seconds between 20 and 120 when the fast pass determination is made.
States may propose and the Administrator may approve other fast pass
algorithms provided they minimize false results.
(iv) Pressure Drop . For vehicles without vapor control valves (burp valves), the
clamp(s) shall be removed from the hose(s) and the system shall be
monitored for a gradual pressure drop. If no pressure drop is detected, the
vehicle shall fail the test. If the Pressure Test Look-up Table identifies the
vehicle as possessing a vapor control valve, the system shall not be
monitored for a loss of pressure.
(4) Gas Cap Test.
(i) Pressure Decay Method . If pressure decays by 6 inches of water or more
during the 10 second period, the vehicle shall fail the fuel cap integrity test.
(ii) Flow Rate Method . The fuel cap leak rate shall be compared to an orifice
with a National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable flow rate
which will result in a pass/fail flow rate threshold of 60 cubic centimeters per
minute of air at 30 inches of water column. If the leak rate exceeds 60 cubic
centimeters per minute at a pressure of 30 inches of water column, the cap
shall fail the test.
Standards /Calculations Page 11
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§85.2221 §85.2221
§85.2221 IM240 and Evaporative System Purge Test Procedures
(a) General Requirement s
(1) Data Collection. The following information shall be determined for the vehicle
being tested and used to automatically select the dynamometer inertia and power
absorption settings:
(i) Vehicle type: LDGV, LDGT1, LDGT2.HDGT, and others as needed,
(ii) Chassis model year,
(iii) Make,
(iv) Model,
(v) Number of cylinders, or cubic inch displacement of the engine, and
(vi) Transmission type.
(2) Ambient Conditions . The ambient temperature, absolute humidity, and barometric
pressure shall be recorded continuously during the transient or as a single set of
readings up to 4 minutes before the start of the transient driving cycle.
(3) Restart. If shut off, the vehicle shall be restarted as soon as possible before the test
/ and shall be running at least 30 seconds prior to the transient driving cycle.
(b) Pre-inspection and Preparation
(1) Accessories. All accessories (air conditioning, heat, defogger, radio, automatic
traction control if switchable, etc.) shall be turned off (if necessary, by the
inspector).
(2) Leaks. The vehicle shall be inspected for exhaust leaks. Audio assessment while
blocking exhaust flow or gas measurement of carbon dioxide or other gases shall be
acceptable. Vehicles with leaking exhaust systems shall be rejected from testing.
(3) Operating Temperature . The vehicle temperature gauge, if equipped and operating.
shall be checked to assess temperature. If the temperature gauge indicates that the
engine is not at normal operating temperature, the vehicle shall not be fast-failed
and shall get a second-chance emission test if it fails the initial test for any criteria
exhaust component. Vehicles in overheated condition shall be rejected from testing.
(4) Tire Condition. Vehicles shall be rejected from testing if the tire cords, bubbles,
cuts, or other damage are visible. Vehicles shall be rejected that have space-saver
spare tires on the drive axle. Vehicles may be rejected that do not have reasonably
sized tires. Vehicle tires shall be visually checked for adequate pressure level.
Drive wheel tires that appear low shall be inflated to approximately 30 psi, or to tire
side wall pressure, or manufacturer's recommendation. Tires of vehicles being
tested for the purposes of program evaluation under §51.353(c) shall have their tires
inflated to tire side wall pressure.
(5) Ambient Background . Background concentrations of hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (HC, CO, NO x, and CO 2,
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure Page 12
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§85.2221 §85.2221
respectively) shall be sampled as specified in §85.2226(b)(2)(iv) to determine
background concentration of constant volume sampler dilution air. The sample
shall be taken for a minimum of 15 seconds within 120 seconds of the start of the
transient driving cycle, using the same analyzers used to measure tailpipe emissions
except as provided in §85.2221(f)(3). Average readings over the 15 seconds for
each gas shall be recorded in the test record. Testing shall be prevented until the
average ambient background levels are less than 20 ppmC HC, 30 ppm CO, and 2
ppm NOx, or outside ambient air levels (not influenced by station exhaust), which
ever are greater.
(6) Sample System Purge . While a lane is in operation, the CVS shall continuously
purge the CVS hose between tests, and the sample system shall be continuously
purged when not taking measurements.
(7) Negative Values . Negative gram per second readings shall be integrated as zero and
recorded as such.
(c) Equipment Positioning and Settings
(1) Purge Equipment. If an evaporative system purge test is to be performed:
(i) The evaporative canister shall be checked unless the canister is inaccessible.
A missing or obviously damaged canister shall result in failure of the visual
evaporative system check.
(ii) The evaporative system shall be visually inspected for the appearance of
proper hose routing and connection of hoses, unless the canister is
inaccessible. If any evaporative system hose is disconnected, then the
vehicle shall fail the visual evaporative system check. All hoses
disconnected for the test shall be reconnected after a purge flow test is
performed.
(iii) The purge flow measurement equipment shall be connected in series
. between the evaporative canister and the engine, preferably on the canister
end of the hose. For vehicles equipped with a service port for evaporative
functional testing, the measurement equipment shall be connected to the
port.
(2) Roll Rotation. The vehicle shall be maneuvered onto the dynamometer with the
drive wheels positioned on the dynamometer rolls. Prior to test initiation, the rolls
shall be rotated until the vehicle laterally stabilizes on the dynamometer. Drive
wheel tires shall be dried if necessary to prevent slippage during the initial
acceleration.
(3) Cooling System. Testing shall not begin until the test-cell cooling system is
positioned and activated whenever ambient temperature exceeds 72°F. The vehicle
hood shall be open whenever ambient temperature exceeds 72°F. The cooling
system shall be positioned to direct air to the vehicle cooling system, but shall not
be directed at the catalytic converter.
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure Page 13
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§85.2221
§85.2221
(4)
(5)
Vehicle Restraint. Testing shall not begin until the vehicle is restrained. Any
restraint system shall meet the requirements of §85.2226(a)(5)(ii). In addition, the
parking brake shall be set for front wheel drive vehicles prior to the start of the test.
Dynamometer Settings . Dynamometer power absorption and inertia weight settings
shall be automatically chosen from an EPA-supplied electronic look-up table which
will be referenced based upon the vehicle identification information obtained in
(a)(l). Vehicles not listed shall be tested using default power absorption and inertia
settings as follows:
VEHICLE
TYPE
All
All
All
All
LDGV
LDGT
LDGV
LDGT
LDGV
LDGT
NUMBER OF
CYLINDERS
3
4
5
6
8
8
10
10
12
12
TRACK ROAD
LOAD
HORSEPOWER
12.1
12.8
14.5
14.5
16.2
17.7
16.2
19.2
17.7
20.7
TEST
INERTIA
WEIGHT
2000
2500
3000
3000
3500
4000
3500
4500
4000
5000
(6)
Exhaust Collection System . The exhaust collection system shall be positioned to
insure complete capture of the entire exhaust stream from the tailpipe during the
transient driving cycle. The system shall meet the requirements of §85.2226(b)(2).
(d) Vehicle Conditioning
(1) Queuing Time. When the vehicle queue exceeds 20 minutes, a vehicle shall get a
second-chance emission test if it fails the initial test and all criteria exhaust
components are at or below 1.5 times the standard.
(2) Program Evaluation . Vehicles being tested for the purpose of program evaluation
under §51.353(c) shall receive two full transient emission tests (i.e., a full 240
seconds each). Results from both tests and the test order shall be separately
recorded in the test record. Emission scores and results provided to the motorist
may be from either test.
(3) Discretionary Preconditioning . At the program's discretion, any vehicle may be
preconditioned using any of the following methods:
(i) Non-loaded Preconditioning . Increase engine speed to approximately 2500
rpm, for up to 4 minutes, with or without a tachometer.
(ii) Loaded Preconditioning . Drive the vehicle on the dynamometer at 30 miles
per hour for up to 240 seconds at road-load .
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure
Page 14
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§85.2221 §85.2221
(iii) Transient Preconditioning . After maneuvering the vehicle onto the
dynamometer, drive a transient cycle consisting of speed, time, acceleration,
and load relationships similar to that of the transient driving cycle in
§85.2221(e)(l).
(4) Second-Chance Purge Testing . Vehicles that exhibit significant purge activity
during the driving cycle but do not accumulate one liter of purge shall receive a
second-chance purge test. The second-chance test may be the Transient Driving
Cycle or modified sequences of shorter duration designed to rapidly produce purge
activity.
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure Page 15
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§85.2221
§85.2221
(e) Vehicle Emission Test Sequence
(1) Transient Driving Cycle . The vehicle shall be driven over the following cycle:
Time
second
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41 '
42
43
44
45
46
47
Speed Time
mph second
0 48
0 49
0 50
0 51
0 52
3 53
5.9 54
8.6 55
11.5 56
14.3 57
16.9 58
17.3 59
18.1 60
20.7 61
21.7 62
22.4 63
22.5 64
22.1 65
21.5 66
20.9 67
20.4 68
19.8 69
17 70
14.9 71
14.9 72
15.2 73
15.5 74
16 75
17.1 76
19.1 77
21.1 78
22.7 79
22.9 80
22.7 81
22.6 82
21.3 83
19 84
17.1 85
15.8 86
15.8 87
17.7 88
19.8 89
21.6 90
23.2 91
24.2 92
24.6 93
24.9 94
25 95
Speed
mph
25.7
26.1
26.7
27.5
28.6
29.3
29.8
30.1
30.4
30.7
30.7
30.5
30.4
30.3
30.4
30.8
30.4
29.9
29.5
29.8
30.3
30.7
30.9
31
30.9
30.4
29.8
29.9
30.2
30.7
31.2
31.8
32.2
32.4
32.2
31.7
28.6
25.1
21.6
18.1
14.6
11.1
7.6
4.1
0.6
0
0
0
Time
second
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
• 131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
Speed Time | Speed
mph second i mph
0 144 24.6
0 145 24.6
3.3 146 25.1
6.6 147 25.6
9.9 148 25.7
13.2 149 25.4
16.5 150 24.9
19.8 151 25
22.2 152 25.4
24.3 153 26
25.8 154 26
26.4 155 25.7
25.7 156 26.1
25.1 157 26.7
24.7 158 27.3
25.2 159 30.5
25.4 160 33.5
27.2 161 36.2
26.5 162 37.3
24 163 39.3
22.7 164 40.5
19.4 165 42.1
17.7 166 43.5
17.2 167 45.1
18.1 168 46
18.6 169 46.8
20 170 47.5
20.7 171 47.5
21.7 172 47.3
22.4 173 47.2
22.5 174 47.2
22.1 175 47.4
21.5 176 47.9
20.9 177 48.5
20.4 178 49.1
19.8 179 49.5
17 180 50
17.1 181 50.6
15.8 182 51
15.8 183 51.5
17.7 184 52.2
19.8 185 53.2
21.6 186 54.1
22.2 187 54.6
24.5 188 54.9
24.7 189 55
24.8 190 54.9
24.7 191 54.6
Time
second
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
Speed
mph
54.6
54.8
55.1
55.5
55.7
56.1
56.3
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.3
56
55
53.4
51.6
51.8
52.1
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.9
55.4
55.6
56
56
55.8
55.2
54.5
53.6
52.5
51.5
50.5
48
44.5
41
37.5
34
30.5
27
23.5
20
16.5
13
9.5
6
2.5
0
(2) Driving Trace . The inspector shall follow an electronic, visual depiction of the
time/speed relationship of the transient driving cycle (hereinafter, the trace). The
visual depiction of the trace shall be of sufficient magnification and adequate detail
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure
Page 16
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§85.2221
§85.2221
(3)
to allow accurate tracking by the driver and shall permit the driver to anticipate
upcoming speed changes. The trace shall also clearly indicate gear shifts as
specified in §85.222l(e)(3).
Shift Schedule. For vehicles with manual transmissions, inspectors shall shift gears
according to the following shift schedule:
I Shift
1 Sequence
[ ..gear.
! 1 -2
J2-3
! De-clutch
! 1 -2
J2-3
J3-2
J2-3
J3-4
U-5
J5-6
I De-clutch
Speed
miles per hour
15
25
15
15
25
17
25
40
45
50
15
Nominal
Cycle Time
seconds
9.3
47.0
87.9
101.6
105.5
119.0
145.8
163.6
167.0
180.0
234.5
Gear shifts shall occur at the points in the driving cycle where the specified speeds
are obtained. For vehicles with fewer than six forward gears the same schedule
shall be followed with shifts above the highest gear disregarded.
(4) Speed Excursion Limits . Speed excursion limits shall apply as follows:
(i) The upper limit is 2 mph higher than the highest point on the trace within 1
second of the given time.
(ii) The lower limit is 2 mph lower than the lowest point on the trace within 1
second of the given time.
(iii) Speed variations greater than the tolerances (such as may occur during gear
changes) are acceptable provided they occur for no more than 2 seconds on
any occasion.
(iv) Speeds lower than those prescribed during accelerations are acceptable
provided the vehicle is operated at maximum available power during such
accelerations until the vehicle speed is within the excursion limits.
(v) Exceedances of the limits in §85.2221(i) through §85.2221(iii) shall
automatically result in a void test. The station manager can override the
automatic void of a test if the manager determines that the conditions
specified in §85.2221 (e)(4)(iv) occurred. Tests shall be aborted if the upper
excursion limits are exceeded. Tests may be aborted if the lower limits are
exceeded.
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure
Page 17
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§85.2221 §85.2221
(5) Speed Variation Limits .
(i) A linear regression of feedback value on reference value shall be performed
on each transient driving cycle for each speed using the method of least
squares, with the best fit equation having the form: y = mx + b, where:
(A) y = The feedback (actual) value of speed;
(B) m = The slope of the regression line;
(C) x = The reference value; and
(D) b = The y-intercept of the regression line.
(ii) The standard error of estimate (SE) of y on x shall be calculated for each
regression line. A transient driving cycle lasting the full 240 seconds that
exceeds the following criteria shall be void and the test shall be repeated:
(A) SE = 2.0 mph maximum.
(B) m = 0.96-1.01.
(C) r2 = 0.97 minimum.
(D) b = ±2.0 mph.
(iii) A transient driving cycle that ends before the full 240 seconds that exceeds
the following criteria shall be void and the test shall be repeated:
(A) SE= (Reserved)
(B) m = (Reserved)
(C) r2 = (Reserved)
(D) b = (Reserved)
(6) Distance Criteria . The actual distance traveled for the transient driving cycle and
the equivalent vehicle speed (i.e., roll speed) shall be measured. If the absolute
difference between the measured distance and the theoretical distance for the actual
test exceeds 0.05 miles, the test shall be void.
(7) Vehicle Stalls. Vehicle stalls during the test shall result in a void and a new test.
More than 3 stalls shall result in test failure.
(8) Dynamometer Controller Check . For each test, the measured horsepower, and
inertia if electric simulation is used, shall be integrated from 55 seconds to 81
seconds (divided by 26 seconds), and compared with the theoretical road-load
horsepower (for the vehicle selected) integrated over the same portion of the cycle.
The same procedure shall be used to integrate the horsepower between 189 seconds
to 201 seconds (divided by 12 seconds). The theoretical horsepower shall be
calculated based on the observed speed during the integration interval. If the
absolute difference between the theoretical horsepower and the measured
horsepower exceeds 0.5 hp, the test shall be void. For vehicles over 8500 pounds
GVWR, if the absolute difference between the theoretical horsepower and the
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure Page 18
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§85.2221 . §85.2221
measured horsepower exceeds 2 hp, the test shall be void. Alternate error checking
methods may be used if shown to be equivalent.
(9) Inertia Weight Selection . Operation of the inertia weight selected for the vehicle
shall be verified as specified in §85.2226(a)(4)(iii). For systems employing
electrical inertia simulation, an algorithm identifying the actual inertia force applied
during the transient driving cycle shall be used to determine proper inertia
simulation. For all dynamometers, if the observed inertia is more than 1% different
from the required inertia, the test shall be void.
(10) CVS Operation. The CVS operation shall be verified for each test for a CFV-type
CVS by measuring either the absolute pressure difference across the venturi or
measuring the blower vacuum behind the venturi for minimum levels needed to
maintain choke flow for the venturi design. The operation of an SSV-type CVS
shall be verified throughout the test by monitoring the difference in pressure
between upstream and throat pressure. The minimum values shall be determined
from system calibrations. Monitored pressure differences below the minimum
values shall void the test.
(11) Fuel Economy. For each test, the health of the overall analysis system shall be
evaluated by checking a test vehicle's fuel economy for reasonableness, relative to
upper and lower limits, representing the range of fuel economy values normally
encountered for the test inertia and horsepower selected. For each inertia selection,
the upper fuel economy limit shall be determined using the lowest horsepower
setting typically selected for the inertia weight, along with statistical data, test
experience, and engineering judgment. A similar process for the lower fuel
economy limit shall be used with the highest horsepower setting typically selected
for the inertia weight. For test inertia selections where the range of horsepower
settings is greater than 5 horsepower, at least two sets of upper and lower fuel
economy limits shall be determined and appropriately used for the selected test
inertia. Tests with fuel economy results in excess of 1.5 times the upper limit shall
result in a void test.
(f) Emission Measurements
(1) Exhaust Measurement . The emission analysis system shall sample and record dilute
exhaust HC, CO, CO 2, and NO x during the transient driving cycle as described in
§85.2226(c).
(2) Purge Measurement. The analysis system shall sample and record the purge flow in
standard liters per second and total volume of flow in standard liters over the course
of the actual driving cycle as described in §85.2227(b).
(3) Integrity Measurement . The analysis system shall measure and record the integrity
of the evaporative system and the gas cap as described in §85.2227(c).
IM240 and Purge Test Procedure Page 19
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§85.2222 §85.2222
§85.2222 Evaporative System Pressure Test Procedures
(a) General Requirement s
(1) The on-vehicle pressure tests described in §85.2222(c) and (d) shall be performed
after any tailpipe emission test to be performed on a vehicle. Gas cap tests
described in §85.2222(e) and (f) may be performed before or after the tailpipe
emission test.
(2) The pressure test shall be conducted in a manner that minimizes changes in
temperature, since pressure measurements are affected by changes in the vapor
space temperature.
(3) The Look-up Table identifies which on-vehicle pressure test to perform on a given
vehicle. Vehicles receiving the canister end pressure test specified in §85.2222(c)
do not need to receive any other pressure tests. Vehicles receiving the fuel inlet
pressure test specified in §85.2222(d) should also be given one of the gas cap
pressure tests specified in §§85.2222(e) and (f).
(4) Alternative procedures may be used if they are shown to be equivalent or better to
the satisfaction of the Administrator. Except in the case of government-run test
facilities claiming sovereign immunity, any damage done to the evaporative
emission control system during this test shall be repaired at the expense of the
inspection facility.
(b) Pre-inspection and Preparation
(1) The evaporative canister(s) shall be visually checked to the degree practical. A
missing or obviously damaged canister(s) shall fail the visual evaporative system
check.
(2) The evaporative system ho ses shall be visually inspected for the appearance of
proper routing, connection, and condition, to the degree practical. If any
evaporative system hose is misrouted, disconnected, or damaged, the vehicle shall
fail the visual evaporative system check.
(3) If the gas cap is missing , obviously defective or the wrong style cap for the vehicle,
the vehicle shall fail the visual evaporative system check.
(c) Canister-End Pressure Test
(1) Equipment Set-up . Test equipment shall be connected to the fuel tank canister hose
at the canister end. The gas cap shall be checked to ensure that it is properly, but
not excessively tightened, and shall be tightened if necessary.
(2) Pressure Value. The system shall be pressurized to 14 ±0.5 inches of water without
exceeding 26 inches of water system pressure.
Test Procedures Page 20
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§85.2222 §85.2222
(3) Stability. Close off the pressure source, seal the evaporative system and monitor
pressure decay for up to two minutes.
(4) Depressurization . Loosen the gas cap after a maximum of two minutes and monitor
for a sudden pressure drop, indicating that the fuel tank was pressurized.
(5) Reconnection. The inspector shall carefully ensure that all items disconnected or
lessened in the course of the test are properly reconnected at the conclusion of the
test.
(d) Fuel Inlet Pressure Test
(1) Equipment Set-up . The vapor vent line(s) from the gas tank to the canister(s) shall
be clamped off as close to the canister(s) as practical without damaging evaporative
system hardware. If the line(s) can not be clamped (for example a rigid line), they
shall be removed at the canister(s) and capped or plugged. Dual fuel tanks shall be
checked individually if the complete vapor control system can not be accessed by
pressurizing from the fill pipe interface of only one fuel tank. A fuel inlet adapter,
as specified in §85.2227(c), appropriate to the style of fuel inlet on the vehicle (not
the gas cap on the vehicle) shall be selected based on a software prompt and shall be
installed on the vehicle's fuel inlet.
(2) Pressure Value . The gas tank shall be pressurized to a value at or slightly above the
minimum test pressure specified in the Look-up Table.
(3) Stability. Pressure stability shall be maintained for a period of 10 seconds prior to
the start of the pressure decay measurement. Pressure shall not increase by more
than 0.5 inches of water during the first 20 seconds of the decay measurement.
Alternate definitions of stability may be proposed by the state and approved by the
Administrator provided they minimize the risk of false results.
(4) Volume Compensation . (Optional) Pressure decay measurements are affected by
the vapor volume (fuel tank level) in the fuel tank. Volume-compensated pressure
decay measurements will increase test repeatability, and are therefore
recommended. Measure the volume-compensated pressure decay for up to 120
seconds after stability is achieved, using the equation in §85.2222(d)(5). This
equation is based on normalizing the pressure decay measurements to a vapor
volume of 50 liters. States may propose and the Administrator may approve other
methods of compensation for differences in fuel tank vapor volume.
(5) P = P0*k
Where:
P = Pressure, in inches of water at time t, compensated for differences in fuel
tank vapor space volume.
Test Procedures Page 21
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§85.2222 §85.2222
PO = The stabilized pressure at the start of the decay portion of the pressure
test, in inches of water.
k = A constant derived from curve fitting the pressure/time data from the
decay portion of the pressure test, using the equation:
P = PQ*^
t = Time measured from the start of the decay portion of the pressure test, in
seconds.
Vg = Reference volume of the fuel vapor space, 50 liters.
V = Volume of the fuel vapor space, in liters, calculated using the following
equation:
V = IP
;- 2
Where:
P^ = Barometric pressure, in inches of Hg.
JEP = Pressure increase during the fill period, in inches of water.
1EV = The flow meter measured volume of gas which pressurizes the
vapor space, in liters at 20 C and 1 atmosphere.
= The loss in pressure due to the presence of a leak during the fill
process, in inches of water.
fl/iPt-
~l
Ink ~ Ink
= t Pn * k v J - Pn * k v J
t=0
Where:
_ = Summation of the second-by-second pressure loss during the fill
period.
PO = The stabilized pressure at the start of the decay portion of the
pressure test, in inches of water.
k = A constant derived from curve fitting the pressure/time data from
the decay portion of the pressure test, using the equation:
P = PQ*^
Pt = Pressure values reported in one second intervals during the fill
period, in inches of water.
(e) Gas Cap Leak Test - Pressure Decay Method
Test Procedures Page 22
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§85.2222 §85.2222
(1) The fuel cap shall be removed from the fuel inlet and installed on a test rig with a
nominal 1 liter head space and be pressurized to 28±1.0 inch of water.
(2) The pressure decay shall be monitored for 10 seconds after stability is achieved for
10 seconds.
(3) The fuel cap shall be replaced on the fuel inlet and tightened appropriately.
(f) Gas Cap Leak Test - Flow Rate Method
(1) The fuel cap shall be removed from the fuel inlet and installed on the flow test
device using the adapter appropriate for the fuel cap, as specified in §85.2227(c).
(2) The fuel cap shall be pressurized to approximately 30 inches of water until flow rate
measurements meeting the requirements of §85.2205(d)(4)(ii) are met.
(3) The fuel cap shall be replaced on the fuel inlet and tightened appropriately.
Test Procedures Page 23
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§85.2226 §85.2226
§85.2226 IM240 Equipment Specifications
(a) Dynamometer Specifications
(1) General Requirements .
(i) The dynamometer structure (e.g., bearings, rollers, pit plates, etc.) shall
accommodate all light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks up to 8500 pounds
GVWR.
(ii) Road load horsepower and inertia simulation shall be automatically selected
based on the vehicle parameters in the test record.
(iii) Alternative dynamometer specif ications or designs may be proposed by a
state and approved based upon a determination by the Administrator that, for
the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test, the evidence
supporting such deviations will not cause improper vehicle loading.
(2) Power Absorption .
(i) Coefficients. The coefficients A v, Bv, and Cv, from vehicle track coast
down testing, and referenced in the equations in this section are those
specified during new car certification, or as specified by a vehicle class
designator determined by the Administrator. Coefficients shall be calculated
to a minimum of five (5) significant digits by the equations specified in
§85.2226(a)(2)(i)(A) through §85.2226(a)(2)(i)(C). Power fractions
determined from track coast-down data shall be calculated to a minimum of
two (2) significant digits as specified in §85.2226(a)(2)(i). In the absence of
new car certification coefficients information or a vehicle class designator
identifying a power fraction, the default power fractions in
§85.2226(a)(2)(i)(J) shall be used.
A PF
(A) Av = ~^- * (TRLHP@50mph) hp/mph
BvPF
BV = 2500~ * (TRLHP@50mph)
CVPF
°v = 1^5000 * (TRLHP@50mph)
(D) Where A VPF, B VPF, and C VPF are power fractions (PF), and indicate
the fraction of the total power reflected by each coefficient A v, Bv, and
Cy-
(E) AVPF + BVPF + CVPF = 1
IM240 Equipment Page 24
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(F) Derivation of A VPF, BVPF, and C VPF from known track coast-down
curves shall be computed as follows:
Ay (50)
(1) AVPF -
__ Bv (2500) _ •
(2) BVPF = {Ay (50) + BV (2500) +CV (125,000)}
Cv (125,000)
(3) CVPF - (Ay (50) + Bv (2500) +CV (125,000)}
(4) Default values:
AVPF = 0.35
BVPF = 0.10
CVPF = 0.55
(ii) Vehicle Loading . The true vehicle loading used during the transient driving
cycle shall follow the equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(iii) between 10 and 60
mph. The dynamometer controls shall set the dynamometer loading to
achieve the coast-down target time (±1 second) with the vehicle on the
dynamometer using the vehicle-specific inertia test weights. A conversion
equation or table of target time versus horsepower for the dynamometer
design shall be used. Target time shall be converted to horsepower by the
equation §85.2226(a)(2)(iv) or pre-defined horsepower values may be used.
(iii) TRLHP@0bmph = {Av * Obmph} + (B v * Obmph2} + (Cv * Obmph3}
Av, Bv, Cv = Coefficients specified in § 85. 2226(a)(2)(i) for vehicle
track coast down curves.
Obmph = Observed mph
TRLHP = Track Road Load Horsepower, which includes loading
contributions from the power absorber, parasitic losses,
and tire/roll interface losses.
32.2
(iv) Track Road-Load Horsepower = - ,,<-/ * FTl -
ET = Elapsed time for the vehicle on the road to coast down from 55
to 45 mph, and from 22 to 18 mph
ETW = Inertia weight in pounds
IM240 Equipment Page 25
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§85.2226 §85.2226
Vj = Initial velocity in feel/second (i.e., velocity at either 55 or 22
mph)
V2 = Final velocity in feet/second (i.e., velocity a t either 45 or 18
mph)
(v) In practice, the true vehicle loading is derived from equations of "force" (i.e.,
F=MA). In determining vehicle load on a dynamometer, applied loads in
units of force tangential to the roll surface are not dependent on the roll
diameter used, whereas applied loads in units of torque of horsepower are
dependent on the roll diameter. The equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(vi) may be
used to convert track road-load horsepower values in §85.2226(a)(2)(iii) to
units of force.
(vi) TRLF@0bmph = {Af} + {Bf * Obmph} + (C f * Obmph2}
TRLF = Track Road-Load Force (in units of pounds)
Af = 375 * A v (Av in HP/mph units)
Bf = 375 * B v (Bv in HP/mph 2 units)
Cf = 375 * Cv (Cy in HP/mph 3 units)
Af, Bf, Cf = Equivalent force coefficients to the coefficients
specified in §85.2226(a)(2)(i) for vehicle track coast
down curves.
(vii) Range and Curve of Power Absorber . The range of power absorber at 50
mph shall be sufficient to cover track road-load horsepower (TRLHP) values
between 4 and 35 horsepower. The absorption shall be adjustable across the
required horsepower range at 50 mph in 0.1 horsepower increments. The
accuracy of the power absorber shall be ±0.25 horsepower or ±2% of point
whichever is greater.
(viii) Parasitic Losses (General Requirements') . The parasitic losses in each
dynamometer system (such as windage, bearing friction, and system drive
friction) shall be characterized between 10 and 60 mph upon initial
acceptance. There shall be no sudden discontinuities in parasitic losses
below 10 mph. Further, when added to the lowest possible loading of the
power absorber (dynamometer motoring is considered a negative load), the
parasitic losses must be sufficiently small such that proper loading will occur
between 10 and 60 mph for a vehicle with a 50 mph track road-load
horsepower value of 4 horsepower. The parasitic horsepower losses shall be
characterized either digitally in five mph increments and linearly interpolated
in-between, or the data at 10 mph increments shall fit the equation in
§85.2226(a)(2)(ix) to within 2 percent of point.
IM240 Equipment Page 26
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§85.2226 . §85.2226
(ix) PLHP = {A p * (Obmph)} + {(B p) * (Obmph)2} + {(Cp) * (Obmph)3}
PLHP = Dynamometer parasitic losses.
Ap, Bp, and Cp are curve coefficients necessary to properly
characterize the dynamometer parasitic losses for
the inertia weight(s) used.
(x) Parasitic Losses (Low Speed Requirements) . The coast downtime of the
dynamometer between 8 and 12 mph shall be greater than or equal to the
value calculated by the equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xi) when the
dynamometer is set for a 2000 pound vehicle with a track road-load
horsepower of 4 horsepower at 50 mph.
(xi) Low Speed Loading . The following procedure is used to determine if a
dynamometer system is correctly loading a vehicle with an ETW of 2000
pounds and a TRLHP of 6.0 horsepower at low speeds. Use "default"
coefficients from §85.2226(a)(2)(i)(F)(4). Dynamometer must be warmed
up prior to this procedure.
(A) Select vehicle with a driven axle weight between 1200 and 1300
pounds (sandbags or other ballast may be used to achieve this weight).
Record vehicles driven axle weight to the nearest pound.
(B) Calculate the actual tire/roll interface losses (ATRL) using the
following sub procedure.
(1) Determine PLHP for dynamometer system being tested.
(2) Calculate GTR L using equations from §§85.2226(a)(2)(xiii) and
(xv) or (xvi).
(3) Calculate IHP using the following formula:
IHP = TRLHP-PLHP-GTRL
(4) Set dynamometer based on IHP calculated is step C above.
(5) Perform dynamometer coast do wn with vehicle selected in step 1
correctly positioned on rolls. Record coast down time from 12
mph to 8 mph.
(6) Calculate new TRLHP based on 12 mph to 8 mph coast
(7) Calculate actual tire/roll interface losses (ATRL) using the
following equation.
ATRL= TRLHP-PLHP-IHP
IM240 Equipment Page 27
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§85.2226 . §85.2226
(C) Using calculated ATRL determine new IHP using the following
formula:
IHP = TRLHP-PLHP-ATRL
(D) Set dynamometer based on IHP calculated is step 3 above.
(E) Perform dynamometer coast down with vehicle selected in step 1
correctly positioned on rolls. Record coast down time from 12 mph to
8mph.
(F) The maximum, average, and minimum time limits for the on-
dynamometer coast-down window at 10 mph (DT j^ax /g) JQ moh
DTAve @ 10 mph, and DTMin @ 10 mph ) sha11 be calculated by the
following equations.
Max @ 10 mph 550 * (TRLHP @ 10 mph - 0.088 HP)
——"x " I * A/ 2 v 2\
32.17405 J (V12 "V8 )
10mph - 550*(TRLHP@10mph)
f0.5*ETWV 2..
32.17405 IV12
DTx v '
1 Min @ 10 mph 550 * (TRLHP @ 10 mph + 0.088 HP)
(xii) Tire/Roll Interface Losses . Generic tire/roll interface losses shall be
determined for each dynamometer design used, and applied to obtain proper
vehicle loading. A means to select or determine the appropriate generic
tire/roll interface loss for each test vehicle shall be employed. Dynamometer
design parameters include roll diameter, roll spacing, and roll surface finish.
Generic tire/roll interface losses may be determined by the acceptance
procedures in §85.2234(b)(4). Alternatively, generic values determined by
the Administrator, or by a procedure accepted by the Administrator, may be
used. The equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii) may be used to quantify tire/roll
interface losses. Coefficients for equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii) shall be
calculated to a minimum of five (5) significant digits by the equations
specified in §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii)(A) through §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii)(I). Tire
loss power fractions determined from track coast-down data shall be
calculated to a minimum of two (2) significant digits as specified in
§85.2226(a)(2)(xiii)(J). In the absence of new car certification information
or a vehicle class designator identifying a tire loss power fraction, the default
tire loss power fractions indicated equations §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii)(E) through
§85.2226(a)(2)(xiii)(I) shall be used as specified in §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii)(J).
IM240 Equipment Page 28
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(xiii) GTRL@ Obmph = {At * (Obmph)} + (B t * (Obmph) 2} + {Ct * (Obmph) 3}
GTRL^ obmph = Generic Tire/Roll Interface losses at the observed
mph
Where: Af, Bf, and Ct are curve coefficients necessary to
properly characterize the tire/roll interface losses.
(A) At = (AtPF/50) * (GTRL@ 50 mph) hp/mph
(B) Bt = (BtPF/2500) * (GTRL@50mph) hp/mph2
(C) Ct = (CtPF / 125,000) * (GTRL@50mph) hp/mph3
(D) Atg = (0.76/50) * (GTRL@ 50 mph) hp/mph
(E) Btg = (0.33/2500) * (GTRL@ 50 mph) hp/mph2
(F) Ct8 = (-0.09/125,000) * (GTRL@ 50 mph) hp/mph3
(G) At20 = (0.65/50) * (GTRL@50mph) hp/mph
(H) Bt20 = (0.48/2500) * (GTRL@ 50 mph) hp/mph2
(I) Ct20 = (-0.13/125,000) * (GTRL@ 50 mph) hp/mph3
(J) Where:
(1) At, Bt, and Ct are curve coefficients necessary to properly
characterize the tire/roll interface losses.
(2) Atg, Btg, and Ctg are curve coefficients when using twin 8.625
inch diameter rolls.
(3) At20> Bt20> and Ct20 are curve coefficients when using twin
20.0 inch diameter rolls.
(4) AtPF, BtPF, and CtPF indicate the fraction of the total tire loss
power fraction reflected by each coefficient A t Bt and Ct.
(5) AtPF + BtPF + CtPF = 1
(6) Derivation of A tPF, BtPF, and CtPF from known track or
dynamometer data shall be computed as follows:
_ At (50) _
AtPF ~ {At (50) + Bt (2500) +Ct (125,000)}
Bt (2500)
BtPF = {At (50) + Bt (2500) +Ct (125,000)}
Ct (125,000)
f\PF =
{At (50) + Bt (2500) +Ct (125,000)}
(xiv) In the absence of new car certification GTRL@ 50 mph or a vehicle class
designator, the GTRL@ 50 mph shall be calculated
IM240 Equipment Page 29
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(A) by the equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xv) when using twin 8.625
inch diameter rolls
(B) by the equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xvi) when using twin 20.0
inch diameter rolls
(xv) For 8.625" dynamometers:
GTRL@ 50 mph = (-0.378193) + {(0.0033207) * (DAXWT)}
Where: DAXWT = Axle weight on the drive tires
GTRL@ 50 mph = Losses for 8.625 inch diameter roll
(xvi) For 20" dynamometers:
GTRL@ 50 mph = (reserved) + {(reserved) * (DAXWT)}
Where: DAXWT = Axle weight on the drive tires
GTRL@ 50 mph = Losses for 20.0 inch diameter roll
(xvii) Indicated Horsepower . The power absorption for each test shall be selected
at 50 mph. The indicated power absorption (IHP) at 50 mph after
accounting for parasitic and generic tire losses shall be determined by the
equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xv).
(xviii) IHP@ 50 mph = TRLHP @ 50 mph - PLHP@ 50 mph - GTRL@ 50 mph
(xix) In systems where the power absorption is actively controlled, the indicated
horsepower at each speed between 0 and 60 mph shall conform to the
equation in §85.2226(a)(2)(xvii). Approximations for a smooth curve with
no discontinuities may be used between 0 and 10 mph.
(xx) IHP@Obmph = TRLHP @obmph -pLHP@obmph -GTRL@ obmph
(3) Rolls.
(i) Size and Type . The dynamometer shall be equipped with twin rolls. The
rolls shall be coupled side to side. In addition, the front and rear rolls shall
be coupled. The dynamometer roll diameter shall be between 8.5 and 21.0
inches. The spacing between the roll centers shall comply with the equation
in §85.2226(a)(3)(ii) to within +0.5 inches and -0.25 inches. The parasitic
and generic tire/roll interface losses for the specific roll diameter, spacing,
and surface finish used shall be determined as indicated in
§85.2226(a)(2)(viii), (a)(2)(ix), and §85.2226(a)(2)(xii) as necessary to
properly load vehicles as defined in §85.2226(a)(2)(ii) and
§85.2226(a)(2)(iii). The dynamometer rolls shall accommodate an inside
track width of 30 inches and an outside track width of at least 100 inches.
1M240 Equipment Page 30
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(ii) Roll Spacing = (24 .375 + D) * SIN 31.5153_
D = dynamometer roll diameter.
Roll spacing and dynamometer roll diameter are expressed in inches.
(iii) Design. The roll size, surface finish, and hardness shall be such that tire
slippage on the first acceleration of the transient driving cycle is minimized
under all weather conditions; that the specified accuracy of the distance
measurement is maintained; and that tire wear and noise are minimized.
(4)
(i) Mechanical Inertia Simulation . The dynamometer shall be equipped with
mechanical flywheels providing test inertia weights between at least 2000 to
5500 pounds, in increments of no greater than 500 pounds. The tolerance on
the base inertia weight and the flywheels shall be within 1% of the specified
test weights. The proper inertia weight for any test vehicle shall be
selectable.
(ii) Electric Inertia Simulation . Electric inertia simulation, or a combination of
electric and mechanical simulation may be used in lieu of mechanical
flywheels, provided that the performance of the electrically simulated inertia
complies with the following specifications. Exceptions to these
specifications may be allowed upon a determination by the Administrator
that such exceptions would not significantly increase vehicle loading or
emissions for the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test.
(A) System Response . The torque response to a step change shall be at
least 90% of the requested change within 100 milliseconds after a step
change is commanded by the dynamometer control system, and shall
be within 2 percent of the commanded torque by 300 milliseconds after
the command is issued. Any overshoot of the commanded torque value
shall not exceed 25 percent of the torque value.
(B) Simulation Error . An inertia simulation error (ISE) shall be
continuously calculated any time the actual dynamometer speed is
above 10 MPH and below 60 MPH. The ISE shall be calculated by the
equation in §85.2226(a)(4)(ii)(C), and shall not exceed 1 percent of the
inertia weight selected (IW s) for the vehicle under test.
(C) ISE = (IW s - It) / (IWS) * 100
(D) It = I
m
Where:
It = Total inertia being simulated by the dynamometer (kg)
IM2 40 Equipment Page 31
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§85.2226 §85.2226
It (lb force) = It (kg) * 2.2046
Im = Base (mechanical inertia of the dynamometer (kg)
V - Measured roll speed (m/s)
Fm = Force measured by the load cell (translated to the roll
surface) (N)
Fri = Road load force (N) required by IHP at the measured roll
speed (V)
t = Time (sec)
(iii) Inertia Weight Selection . For dynamometer systems employing mechanical
inertia flywheels, the test system shall be equipped with a method,
independent from the flywheel selection system, that identifies which inertia
weight flywheels are actually rotating during the transient driving cycle.
(5) Other Requirements .
(i) Test Distance and Vehicle Speed . The total number of dynamometer roll
revolutions shall be used to calculate the distance traveled. Pulse counters
may be used to calculate the distance directly if there are at least 16 pulses
per revolution. The measurement of the actual roll distance for the
composite and each phase of the transient driving cycle shall be accurate to
within ±0.01 mile. The measurement of the roll speed shall be accurate to
within ±0.1 mph. Roll speed measurement systems shall be capable of
accurately measuring a 3.3 mph per second acceleration rate over a one
second period with a starting speed of 10 mph.
(ii) Vehicle Restraint. The vehicle shall be restrained during the transient
driving cycle. The restraint system shall be designed to minimize vertical
and horizontal force on the drive wheels such that emission levels are not
significantly affected. The restraint system shall allow unobstructed vehicle
ingress and egress and shall be capable of safely restraining the vehicle
under all reasonable operating conditions.
(iii) Vehicle Cooling . The test system shall provide for a method to prevent
overheating of the vehicle. The cooling method shall direct air to the cooling
system of the test vehicle. The cooling system capacity shall be 5400 ±300
SCFM within 12 inches (30.5 cm) of the intake to the vehicle's cooling
system. The cooling system design shall avoid improper cooling of the
catalytic converter.
(iv) Four-Wheel Drive . If used, four-wheel drive dynamometers shall insure the
application of correct vehicle loading as defined in §85.2226(a)(2) and shall
not damage the four wheel drive system of the vehicle. Front and rear wheel
rolls shall maintain speed synchronization within 0.2 mph.
IM240 Equipment Page 32
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(v) Augmented Braking . Fully automatic augmented braking shall be used from
seconds 85 through 95 and after second 223 of the driving cycle. Fully
automatic augmented braking may be used in other deceleration periods of
the driving cycle with the approval of the Administrator. During the periods
of augmented braking the operator shall be made aware that augmented
braking is occurring and shall be trained not to use the vehicle accelerator
during these periods. It shall be automatically interlocked such that it can be
actuated only while the vehicle brakes are applied. Simultaneous engine
acceleration is systematically prevented through periodic quality assurance.
(b) Constant Volume Sampler
(1) General Design Requirements .
(i) Venturi Type. A constant volume sampling (CVS) system of the critical
flow venturi (CFV) or the sub-sonic venturi (SSV) type shall be used to
collect vehicle exhaust samples. The CVS system and components shall
generally conform to the specifications in §86.109-90.
(ii) CVS Flow Size. The CVS system shall be sized in a manner that prevents
condensation in the dilute sample over the range of ambient conditions to be
encountered during testing. A 700 SCFM system is assumed to satisfy this
requirement. The range of ambient conditions may require the use of heated
sample lines. A 350 SCFM CVS system and heated lines may be used to
eliminate condensation and to increase measured concentrations for better
resolution. Should the heated sample lines be used, the sample line and
components (e.g., filters, etc.) shall be heated to a minimum of 120° F and a
maximum of 250°F, which shall be monitored during the transient driving
cycle.
(iii) CVS Compressor . The CVS compressor flow capacity shall be sufficient to
maintain proper flow in the main CVS venturi with an adequate margin. For
CFV CVSs the margin shall be sufficient to maintain choke flow. The
capacity of the blower relative to the CFV flow capacity shall not be so large
as to create a limited surge margin.
(iv) Materials. All materials in contact with exhaust gas shall be unaffected by
and shall not affect the sample (i.e., the materials shall not react with the
sample, and neither shall they taint the sample as a result of out gassing).
Acceptable materials include stainless steel, Teflon ®, silicon rubber, and
Tedlar®.
(v) Alternative Approaches . Alternative CVS specifications, materials, or
designs may be allowed upon a determination by the Administrator, that for
the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test, the evidence
supporting such deviations will not significantly affect the proper
measurement of emissions.
IM240 Equipment Page 33
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(2) Sample System.
(i) Sample Probe. The sample probe within the CVS shall be designed such
that a continuous and adequate volume of sample is collected for analysis.
The system shall have a method for determining if the sample collection
system has deteriorated or malfunctioned such that an adequate sample is not
being collected, or that the response time has deteriorated such that the time
correlation for each emission constituent is no longer valid.
(ii) CVS Mixing Tee .
(A) Design and Effect. The mixing tee for diluting the vehicle exhaust
with ambient air shall be at the vehicle tailpipe exit as in §86.109-
90(a)(2)(iv). The dilution mixing tee shall be capable of collecting
exhaust from all light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck exhaust
systems. The design used shall not cause static pressure in the
tailpipe to change such that the emission levels are significantly
affected. A change of ±1.0 inch of water, or less, shall be acceptable.
(B) Locating Device . The mixing tee shall have a device for positively
locating the tee relative to the tailpipe with respect to distance from
the tailpipe, and with respect to positioning the exhaust stream from
the tailpipe(s) in the center of the mixing tee flow area. The locating
device, or the size of the entrance to the tee shall be such that if a
vehicle moves laterally from one extreme position on the
dynamometer to the other extreme, that mixing tee will collect all of
the exhaust sample.
(iii) Dual Exhaust. For dual exhaust systems, the design used shall insure that
each leg of the sample collection system maintains equal flow. Equal flow
will be assumed if the design of the "Tee" intersection for the dual CVS
hoses is a "Y" that minimizes the flow loss from each leg of the "Y," if each
leg of the dual exhaust collection system is approximately equal in length (±
1 foot), and if the dilution area at the end of each leg is approximately equal.
In addition, the CVS flow capacity shall be such that the entrance flow
velocity for each leg of the dual exhaust system is sufficient to entrain all of
the vehicle's exhaust from each tailpipe.
(iv) Background Sample . The mixing tee shall be used to collect the background
sample. The position of the mixing tee for taking the background sample
shall be within 12 lateral and 12 longitudinal feet of the position during the
transient driving cycle, and approximately 4 vertical feet from the floor.
(v) Integrated Sample . A continuous dilute sample shall be provided for
integration by the analytical instruments in a manner similar to the method
for collecting bag samples as described in §86.109.
(c) Analytical Instruments
IM240 Equipment Page 34
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§85.2226 §85.2226
(1) General Requirements .
(i) The emission analysis system shall automatically sample, integrate, and
record the specified emission values for HC, CO, CO2, and NOx.
Performance of the analytical instruments with respect to accuracy and
precision, drift, interferences, noise, etc. shall be similar to instruments used
for testing under §86 Subparts B, D, and N. Analytical instruments shall
perform in this manner in the full range of operating conditions in the lane
environment.
(ii) Alternative analytic equipment specifications, materials, designs, or
detection methods may be allowed upon a determination by the
Administrator, that for the purpose of properly conducting an approved short
test, the evidence supporting such deviations will not significantly affect the
proper measurement of emissions.
(2) Detection Methods and Instrument Ranges .
(i) Total Hydrocarbon Analysis . Total hydrocarbon analysis shall be
determined by a flame ionization detector. If a 700 SCFM CVS is used, the
analyzer calibration curve shall cover at least the range of 0 ppmC to 2,000
ppmC. Use of a different CVS flow capacity shall require an adjustment to
these ranges. Appropriate documentation supporting any adjustment in
ranges shall be available. Such documentation shall also address the ability
of any altered ranges to accurately measure all cutpoints, including cutpoints
for vehicles older than those specified in §85.2205(a), that may be used in
the specific I/M program for which the altered ranges are proposed to be
used. The calibration curve must comply with the quality control
' specifications in §85.2234(d) for calibration curve generation.
(ii) Carbon Monoxide Analysis . CO analysis shall be determined using a non-
dispersive infrared analyzer. If a 700 SCFM CVS is used, CO analysis shall
cover at least the range of 0 ppm to 10,000 ppm (1%). In order to meet the
calibration curve requirements, two CO analyzers may be required - one
from 0 to 1000 or 2000 ppm, and one from 0 to 1% CO. Use of a different
CVS flow capacity shall require an adjustment to these ranges. Appropriate
documentation supporting any adjustment in ranges shall be available. Such
documentation shall also address the ability of any altered ranges to
accurately measure all cutpoints, including cutpoints for vehicles older than
those specified in §85.2205(a), that may be used in the specific I/M program
for which the altered ranges are proposed to be used. The calibration curve
requirements and the quality control specifications in §85.2234(d) apply to
both analyzers.
(iii) Carbon Dioxide Analysis . CO 2 analysis shall be determined using an NDIR
analyzer. If a 700 SCFM CVS is used, CO 2 analysis shall cover at least the
range of 0 ppm to 40,000 ppm (4%). Use of a different CVS flow capacity
shall require an adjustment to these ranges. Appropriate documentation
IM240 Equipment Page 35
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§85.2226 §85.2226
supporting any adjustment in ranges shall be available. Such documentation
shall also address the ability of any altered ranges to accurately measure all
cutpoints, including cutpoints for vehicles older than those specified in
§85.2205(a), that may be used in the specific I/M program for which the
altered ranges are proposed to be used. The calibration curve must comply
with the quality control specifications in §85.2234(d) for calibration curve
generation.
(iv) Oxides of Nitrogen Analysis . NOx analysis shall be determined using
chemiluminescense. The NOx measurement shall be the sum of nitrogen
oxide and nitrogen dioxide. If a 700 SCFM CVS is used, the NOx analysis
shall cover at least the range of 0 ppm to 500 ppm. Use of a different CVS
flow capacity shall require an adjustment to these ranges. Appropriate
documentation supporting any adjustment in ranges shall be available. Such
documentation shall also address the ability of any altered ranges to
accurately measure all cutpoints, including cutpoints for vehicles older than
those specified in §85.2205(a), that may be used in the specific I/M program
for which the altered ranges are proposed to be used. The calibration curve
must comply with the quality control specifications in §85.2234(d) for
calibration curve generation.
(3) System Response Requirements . The governing requirement for system response is
the ability of the integration system to measure vehicle emissions to within ±5% of
that measured from a bag sample simultaneously collected over the same integration
period, on both clean and dirty vehicles. Historically, continuously integrated
emission analyzers have been required to have a response time of 1.5 seconds or
less to 90% of a step change, where a step change was 60% of full scale or better.
System response times between a step change at the probe and reading 90% of the
change have generally been less than 4-10 seconds. Systems proposed that exceed
these historical values shall provide an engineering explanation as to why the slower
system response of the integrated system will compare to the bag reading within the
specified 5%.
(4) Integration Requirements .
(i) The analyzer voltage responses, CVS pressure(s), CVS temperature(s),
dynamometer speed, and dynamometer power shall be sampled at a
frequency of no less than 5 Hertz, and the voltage levels shall be averaged
over 1 second intervals.
(ii) The system shall properly time correlate each analyzer signal and the CVS
signals to the driving trace.
(iii) The one-second average analyzer voltage levels shall be converted to
concentrations by the analyzer calibration curves. Corrected concentrations
for each gas shall be derived by subtracting the pre-test background
concentrations from the measured concentrations, according to the method in
§85.2205(b). The corrected concentrations shall be converted to grams for
IM240 Equipment Page 36
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§85.2226 . §85.2226
each second using the equations specified in §85.2205(b) to combine the
concentrations with the CVS flow over the same interval. The grams of
emissions per test phase shall be determined using the equations in
§85.2205(b).
(iv) When multiple analyzers are used for any constituent, the integration system
shall simultaneously integrate both analyzers. The integrated values for the
lowest analyzer in range shall be used for each second.
(v) For all constituents, the background concentration levels from the lowest
range analyzer shall be used, including the case where multiple analyzers
may have been used.
(5) Analytical System Design .
(i) Materials. All materials in contact with exhaust gas prior to and throughout
the measurement portion of the system shall be unaffected by and shall not
affect the sample (i.e., the materials shall not react with the sample, and
neither shall they taint the sample as a result of out gassing). Acceptable
materials include stainless steel, Teflon, silicon rubber, and Tedlar ®-
(ii) Bag Ports. All analysis systems shall have provisions for reading a sample
bag. A portable pump for sampling such bags is permitted.
(iii) System Filters . The sample system shall have an easily replaceable filter
element to prevent particulate matter from reducing the reliability of the
analytical system. The filter element shall provide for reliable sealing after
filter element changes. If the sample line is heated, the filter system shall
also be heated.
(iv) Availability of Intermediate Calculation Variables . Upon request prior to a
test, all intermediate calculation variables shall be available to be
downloaded to electronic files or hard copy. These variables shall include
those that calculate the vehicle emission test results, perform emission
analyzer and dynamometer function checks, and perform quality assurance
and quality control measurements.
IM240 Equipment Page 37
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§85.2227 §85.2227
§85.2227 Evaporative System Inspection Equipment
(a) General Requirements
(1) Equipment Design . Automated and computerized test systems shall be used for the
evaporative system tests. Pass/fail decisions shall be made automatically. The
systems shall be tamper resistant and designed to avoid damage to the vehicle
during installation, testing, and removal.
(2) Alternative Systems . Alternative purge or pressure test equipment, specifications,
materials, or designs, may be proposed by a state and approved upon a
determination by the Administrator that, for the purpose of properly conducting an
approved short test, the evidence supporting such deviations will not appreciably or
adversely affect the proper determination of system integrity, the proper
measurement of purge, or the proper operation of the vehicle.
(b) Evaporative Purge System
(1) General Requirements . The evaporative purge analysis system shall measure the
instantaneous purge flow in standard liters/minute, and shall compute the total
volume of the flow in standard liters over the transient driving cycle.
(2) Specifications . The purge flow measuring system shall comply with the following
requirements.
(i) Flow Capacity. A minimum of 50 liters per minute.
(ii) Pressure Drop . Maximum of 16 inches of water at 50 liters per minute for
the complete system including hoses necessary to connect the system to the
vehicle.
(iii) Totaled Flow. 0 to 100 liters of volume
(iv) Response Time . 410 milliseconds maximum to 90% of a step change
between approximately 2 and 10 liters per minute measured with air.
(v) Accuracy.
(A) ±2.0 liters per minute between 10 and 50 liters per minute (rate)
(B) ±0.15 liters per minute between 0 and 10 liters per minute (rate)
(C) ±4% of 50 standard liters total flow volume between 10 and 50
liters total flow volume over one minute.
(D) ±1.5% of 10 standard liters between 0 and 10 liters total volume
flow over one minute.
(vi) Noise. The maximum noise shall be less than 0.001 liters per second
Evaporative Test Equipment Page 38
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§85.2227 §85.2227
(vii) Calibration Gas. Air
(3) Automatic Operation . Vehicle purge flow shall be monitored with a computerized
system at a minimum sample rate of 1 Hz, shall automatically capture average (if
sampled faster than 1 Hz) second-by-second readings, and shall automatically
derive a pass/fail decision. In determining the total volume of flow, the monitoring
system shall not count signal noise as flow volume. The test sequence shall be
automatically initiated when the transient driving cycle test is initiated.
(4) Adaptability. The purge flow system shall have sufficient adapters to connect in a
leak-tight manner with the variety of evaporative systems and hose deterioration
conditions in the vehicle fleet. The purge measurement system shall not
substantially interfere with purge flow.
(c) Evaporative System Pressure Test Equipment
(1) General Requirements .
(i) Pressure Gas. Nitrogen (N 2), or an equivalent non-toxic, non-greenhouse,
inert gas, shall be used for pressurizing the evaporative system.
(ii) Automatic Operation . The process for filling the evaporative system,
monitoring compliance, recording data, and making a pass/fail decision shall
be automatic. After the determination that the evaporative system has been
filled to the specified pressure level, and upon initiation of the test, the
pressure level in the evaporative system shall be recorded at a frequency of
no less than 1 Hertz until the conclusion of the test.
(iii) Test Abort. The system shall be equipped with an abort system that
positively shuts off and relieves pressure. The abort system shall be capable
of being activated quickly and conveniently by the inspector should the need
arise.
(2) Adapters and Clamps .
(i) Canister Hose Adapters . The system shall have sufficient adapters to
connect in a leak-tight manner with the variety of evaporative systems and
hose deterioration conditions in the vehicle fleet.
(ii) Fuel Inlet Adapters . Fuel inlet adapters that fit on the vehicle's fuel inlet in a
manner similar to the gas cap and designed to admit a pressurized source of
gas into the fuel tank shall be used for the fuel inlet pressure test specified in
§85.2222(d). Inlet specific adapters shall be available for at least 95 percent
of the fuel inlets that are used on U.S. light duty vehicles and light duty
trucks for the model years covered by the program. Varying internal
volumes of the adapter assemblies shall not affect the accuracy of the test
results. Adapters shall be made available within two years of the
introduction of new model year vehicles.
Evaporative Test Equipment . Page 39
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§85.2227 §85.2227
(iii) Hose Clamp. The hose clamp used for the fuel inlet pressure test shall be
designed to apply only enough pressure to close the hose without damaging
it. The nose of the clamp shall be smooth-surfaced or otherwise designed to
avoid abrasion of the vehicle hose.
(3) Pressure Gauge. The device for measuring pressure in the vehicle's evaporative
system shall have a minimum range of 0 to 50 inches of water and an accuracy of
+0.3 inches of water (2% of 15) or better.
(4) Flow Meter. A flow meter with a range of at least 0 to 10 liters per minute and ±5%
accuracy shall be used for the measurement of flow.
(5) Gas Cap Tester. The tester shall provide a visual or digital signal that the required
air supply pressure is within the acceptable range and the flow comparison test is
ready to be conducted. The tester shall incorporate an upstream maintainable filter.
If the tester is battery powered, it must be equipped with an automatic shutoff and a
low-battery indicator. A NIST traceable reference passing fuel cap of nominal 52-
56 cubic centimeters per minute, and a NIST traceable reference failing fuel cap of
nominal 64-68 cubic centimeters per minute shall be supplied with the tester for
daily test verification. Leak rate measurements shall be accurate to ±3 cubic
centimeters per minute.
(6) Flow Standard. The flow standard shall be a square edged circular orifice with a
NIST traceable flow rate which in combination with the comparison circuitry will
produce a pass/fail threshold of 60 cubic centimeters at 30 inches of water column.
Transducers used in the comparison circuitry shall have accuracy traceable to NIST.
The supply pressure may be obtained using room air and any convenient low
pressure source. The tester shall control the supply pressure and prevent over
pressurization.
Evaporative Test Equipment Page 40
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§85.2234 §85.2234
§85.2234 IM240 Test Quality Control Requirements
(a) General Requirements
(1) Minimums. The frequency and standards for quality control specified here are
minimum requirements, unless modified as specified in §85.2234(2). Greater
frequency or tighter standards may be used as needed.
(2) Statistical Process Control . Reducing the frequency of the quality control checks,
modifying the procedure or specifications, or eliminating the quality control checks
altogether may be allowed if the Administrator determines, for the purpose of
properly conducting an approved short test, that sufficient Statistical Process
Control (SPC) data exist to make a determination, that the SPC data support such
action, and that taking such action will not significantly reduce the quality of the
emission measurements. Should emission measurement performance or quality
deteriorate as a result of allowing such actions, the approval shall be suspended, and
the frequencies, procedures, specifications, or checks specified here or otherwise
approved shall be reinstated, pending further determination by the Administrator.
(3) Modifications . The Administrator may modify the frequency and standards
contained in this section if found to be impractical.
(b) Dynamometer
(1) Coast Down Check .
(i) The calibration of each dynamometer shall be checked on a weekly basis by
a dynamometer coast-down equivalent that in §86.118-78 (for reference see
EOD Test Procedures TP-302A and TP-202) between the speeds of 55 to 45
mph, and between 22 to 18 mph. All rotating dynamometer components
shall be included in the coast-down check for the inertia weight selected.
(ii) The base dynamometer and the base plus each prime inertia weight flywheel,
if any, shall be checked with at least two horsepower settings within the
normal range of the inertia weight. For dynamometers that use electrical
inertia simulation and have a base inertia outside of the range of 3000
pounds to 4500 pounds, the coast-down check shall be conducted with at
least two horsepower settings at the base inertia, and two settings at either
2500 pounds or 4500 pounds, whichever is furthest from the base inertia
weight. For both mechanical flywheel dynamometers and electrical inertia
simulation dynamometers, the horsepower settings selected shall correspond
to a vehicle / engine category that matches the inertia weight selected for the
coast-down test. Where the base inertia, or the base inertia plus the smallest
flywheel results in a coast-down inertia of less than 2250 pounds, only one
horsepower setting is required for the check.
(iii) The coast-down procedure shall use a vehicle off-dynamometer type method
or equivalent. If a vehicle is used to motor the dynamometer to the
beginning coast-down speed, the vehicle shall be lifted off the dynamometer
1M240 Quality Control Page 41
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§85.2234 §85.2234
rolls before the coast-down test begins. If the difference between the
measured coast-down time and the theoretical coast-down time is greater
than ±1 second on the 55 to 45 mph coast-down as calculated by
§85.2234(b)(l)(iii)(A) or (B), official testing shall automatically be
prevented, and corrective action shall be taken to bring the dynamometer
into calibration. Official testing shall also automatically be prevented, and
corrective action shall be taken to bring the dynamometer into calibration, if
the difference between the measured coast-down time and the theoretical
coast-down time for 22 to 18 mph is outside of the time window calculated
by §85.2234(b)(l)(iii)(C) or (D). For tests using inertia weights of 8500 Ibs.
and above, if the difference between the measured coast-down time and the
theoretical coast-down time is outside of the time window calculated by
§85.2234(b)(l)(iii)(C) or (D) for the 22 mph to the 18 mph coast-down when
substituting 0.27 HP for the allowable force-error (equivalent to 5.0 pounds-
force at 20 mph), official testing shall automatically be prevented, and
corrective action shall be taken to bring the dynamometer into calibration.
(A) The off-dynamometer target coast-down time at 50 mph (DET ^Q h_
8) for dynamometers with 8.265 inch rolls shall be calculated as
follows.
fO.S*ETWV 2 v 2,
[ 32.2 J (V55 "V45 >
@50mph-8 = 550*(TRLHP@50mph-GTRL@50mph.8)
DET
(B) The off-dynamometer target coast-down time at 50 mph (DET ^Q ^
20) for dynamometers with 20.0 inch rolls shall be calculated as
follows.
(0.5 *ETWV 2 2^
32.2 ^55 'V45 )
DET,
@50mph-20 550 * (TRLHP @50mph - GTRL@50mph.20 )
(C) The maximum and minimum time limits for the off-dynamometer
coast-down window at 20 mph (DT Max @ 20 mph.8) DT^ @ 20 mph.8 )
, for dynamometers with 8.265 inch rolls shall be calculated by the
following equations. The TRLHP and CTRL used in these calculations
shall be determined from the same vehicle / engine category used to
determine the 50 mph off-dynamometer target coast-down time. If the
calculated maximum value (DT Max ^ 20 mp^.^ ) exceeds twice the
target value calculated for a specific vehicle / engine category (DT Ave
(S> 20 mnh-8 )> or ^ *ne maximum value is a negative number, a value
equal to twice the target value shall be substituted for the maximum
time limit.
IM240 Quality Control Page 42
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§85.2234 §85.2234
f0.5*ETW\ 2 2
[ 32.2 1^22 "V18 )
DTMax@20mph-8 ~ 550*(TRLHP@20mph-GTRL@20mph.8-0.17HP)
f0.5*ETWY
DTAve@20mph-8
0.5*ETW
32.2
DTMin@20mph-8 ~ 550*(TRLHP@20mpn-GTRL@20mph.8+0.17HP)
(D) The maximum and minimum time limits for the off-dynamometer
coast-down window at 20 mph (DT Max @ 20 mph-20, DTMin @ 20 mph-
20) for dynamometers with 20.0 inch rolls shall be calculated by the
following equations. The TRLHP and GTRL used in these calculations
shall be determined from the same vehicle / engine category used to
determine the 50 mph off-dynamometer target coast-down time.
f0.5*ETW\ 2 v 2x
[ 32.2 f (V22 'V18 )
DTMax@20mph-20 - 550* (TRLHP @20mph -GTRL@2Omph-20-0-l'7HP)
0.5*ETW
v 32.2
DTMin@20mph-20 ~ 550*(TRLHP @20
(E) Where:
50 mph-dd = Off-dynamometer target coast-down time
(seconds) at 50 mph for a dynamometer with a roll diameter
corresponding to the designator "dd"
@ 20 mph-dd = Upper off-dynamometer target coast-down time
limit (seconds) at 20 mph for a dynamometer with a roll
diameter corresponding to the designator "dd"
DTAve @ 20 mph-dd = Off-dynamometer target coast-down time
(seconds) at 20 mph for a dynamometer with a roll diameter
corresponding to the designator "dd"
(2) 20 mph-dd = Lower off-dynamometer target coast-down time
limit (seconds) at 20 mph for a dynamometer with a roll
diameter corresponding to the designator "dd"
IM240 Quality Control Page 43
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§85.2234 §85.2234
TRLHP (g) 50 mph = Track Road Load Horsepower at 50 mph for a
specific vehicle engine category selected for the coast down
check.
TRLHP @ 20 mph = Track Road Load Horsepower at 20 mph for the
corresponding specific vehicle engine category selected for the
50 mph coast down check.
GTRL^ 50 mph-dd = Generic Tire/Roll Horsepower loss at 50 mph for
a dynamometer with "dd" roll size, and corresponding to the
specific vehicle engine category selected for the 50 mph coast
down check.
GTRL/g, 20 mph-dd = Generic Tire/Roll Horsepower loss at 20 mph for
a dynamometer with "dd" roll size, and corresponding to the
specific vehicle engine category selected for the 50 mph coast
down check.
ETW = Equivalent Test Weight (i.e., inertia weight) in pounds
corresponding to the specific vehicle engine category selected
for the 50 mph coast down check.
2
V = Velocity in feet per second corresponding to the mph value
xx
"xx"
0.17 HP = Horsepower representation of an allowable force-error of
3.3 pounds-force at 20 mph. This allowable force-error is
approximately equivalent to a ± 2 second tolerance in the off-
dynamometer target coast-down time at 50 mph for a
dynamometer with 8.625" rolls when using a TRLHP computed
from the EPA on-dynamometer target coast-down time. This
force-error is approximately equivalent to a ± 1.25 second
tolerance in the off-dynamometer target coast-down time at 50
mph for a dynamometer with 20.0" rolls.
(iv) The clock used to check the coast-down time shall be accurate to 0.1 percent
of reading between 10 and 1000 seconds with a resolution of 0.01 seconds.
(v) The results of each dynamometer coast-down check performed shall be
automatically computed and recorded on electronic media with a date and
time stamp.
(2) Roll Speed. Roll speed and roll counts shall be checked each operating day by an
independent means (e.g., photo tachometer). Deviations of greater than ±0.2 mph
or a comparable tolerance in roll counts shall require corrective action.
Alternatively, a redundant roll speed transducer independent of the primary
IM240 Quality Control Page 44
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§85.2234 §85.2234
transducer may be used in lieu of the daily comparison. Accuracy of redundant
systems shall be checked monthly.
(3) Warm-Up. Dynamometers shall be in a warmed up condition for use in official
testing. Warm-up is defined as sufficient operation that allows the dynamometer to
meet the coast down time (within 3 seconds) identified for the specific
dynamometer during calibration. The reference coast-down time shall be the value
for 55 to 45 mph with the lightest inertia weight and lowest horsepower for that
weight used during weekly calibrations. Alternatively, the reference coast-down
time shall be the value for 22 to 18 mph with the lightest inertia weight and lowest
horsepower for that weight used during weekly calibration, with a time standard of
±20%. Warm-up may be checked by comparing the measured parasitic losses at
least 25 mph to reference values established during calibration.
(4) Acceptance Testing . Upon initial installation and prior to beginning official testing,
the performance of each dynamometer and dynamometer design shall be verified
for compliance with the requirements in §85.2226(a). Specific acceptance
verification requirements are described in §85.2234(b)(4)(i) through
§85.2234(b)(4)(v).
(i) Coast Down / Vehicle Loading Check Following Installation . The coast
down performance of each dynamometer shall be checked to verify the
ability of the dynamometer and dynamometer load setting system to meet
dynamometer target coast down times prior to beginning official testing.
The performance shall be checked by the procedure defined in
§85.2234(b)(4)(i)(A) through §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(J), or by a comparable
procedure acceptable to the Administrator.
(A) The dynamometer shall be warmed-up by the dynamom eter
manufacturer's procedure.
(B) At least three vehicle / engine categories shall be selected from the
EPA Look-Up table for vehicle loading. The vehicle / engine
categories should cover the range of expected test vehicles. If look-up
table data is not available at the time of acceptance testing, TRLHP
values can be selected from the table of default values in §85.2221
(c)(5). If default TRLHP values are used, drive-axle weight (DAXWT)
shall be computed as 46.0 percent of the test inertia weight in the table
for 2250 pounds and above. A value of 63 percent of the test inertia
weight in the table shall be used for 2249 pounds and below.
(C) The dynamometer shall be set for the first vehicle/engine category
selected based on the variables used to uniquely index the vehicle
engine category (e.g., model year, manufacturer, model, number of
cylinders, engine size, and transmission type).
(D) The dynamometer shall be coasted down from 65 mph to 5 mph with
the settings pre-selected in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(C).
IM240 Quality Control Page 45
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(E) The 55 mph to 45 mph, and the 22 mph to 18 mph coast down times
shall be recorded for the data collected in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(D).
(F) The dynamometer shall be coasted down from 65 mph to 5 mph after
having been adjusted for each of the other two vehicle engine
categories, and the 55 mph to 45 mph, and the 22 mph to 18 mph coast
down times shall be recorded for each coast-down.
(G) The coast-downs specified in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(C) through §85.2234
(b)(4)(i)(F) shall be replicated for a total of three coast-down tests for
each vehicle inertia category. The replications of the coast-downs for
each vehicle engine category shall be run in random sequence.
(H) The off-dynamometer target coast-down time at 50 mph (DET ^ 50
mph-dd) f°r eac^ vehicle / engine category shall be calculated as
specified in §85.2234(b)(l)(iii)(A) or (B) for the applicable
dynamometer roll size.
(I) The upper and lower off-dynamometer coast-down time limits at 20
mph (DTMax @ 20 mph.dd> DTMin @ 20 mph.dd) for each vehicle / engine
category shall be calculated as specified in §85.2234(b)(l)(iii)(C) or
(D) for the applicable dynamometer roll size.
(J) The dynamometer vehicle loading is considered acceptable if each
measured 55 mph to 45 mph coast-down time for each vehicle / engine
category tested is within ±1 second of the off-dynamometer target
coast-down time determined in (b)(4)(i)(H) above, and if each
measured 22 mph to 18 mph coast-down time for each vehicle / engine
category tested is within the off-dynamometer target coast-down time
limits determined in (b)(4)(i)(I) above.
(ii) Vehicle Loading Check of Dynamometer Design . For each dynamometer
design used, the I/M Program Office shall obtained and maintain a report
verifying the ability of the dynamometer design to properly load vehicles as
specified in §85.2226(a). The dynamometer manufacturer may prepare the
report. The report shall identify how each requirement in §85.2226(a) is
performed by the specific dynamometer design used. In addition, where
specific performance levels or characterizations are specified (e.g., §85.2226
(a)(2)(viii), §85.2226(2)(x), §85.2226(4)(ii) and §85.2226(a)(5)}, test data
with supporting analysis verifying compliance shall be included. At a
•minimum, the test data shall include a comparison and analysis of the
expected coast-down times versus the actual vehicle on-dynamometer coast-
down times for at least three vehicles spanning the range of drive axle
weights and horsepower. Actual track coast-down data and curves shall be
available for the makes and models of vehicles selected from which the
expected coast-down times shall be derived. The analysis shall also
graphically compare the track horsepower curves to curves generated from
IM240 Quality Control Page 46
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§85.2234 §85.2234
the on-dynamometer coast-down testing. Reasons for variations in time,
equivalent to one horsepower, between the expected coast-down times and
the actual vehicle on-dynamometer coast-down times, or variations between
the curves of more than one horsepower shall be explained in the report.
(iii) Alternative Coast Down / Vehicle Loading Check . This procedure may be
used in lieu of the procedures in §85.2234(b)(4)(i). The coast down
performance of each dynamometer shall be checked with at least two
categories of vehicles to verify the ability of the dynamometer and
dynamometer load setting system to meet dynamometer target coast down
times. The coast down performance of each dynamometer design used shall
be checked with at least 6 categories of vehicles to determine the ability of
the dynamometer design to properly load the vehicle over the required speed
range as defined in §85.2226(a)(2). The performance of the design shall be
checked by the procedure defined §85.2234(b)(4)(ii)(A) through
§85.2234(b)(4)(ii)(L), or by a comparable procedure acceptable to the
Administrator.
(A) The dynamometer shall be warmed-up by the dynamometer
manufacturer's procedure, and the tires and drive train on the test car
shall be warmed-up by operating the vehicle at 50 mph for 20 minutes.
The tire pressure in the test vehicles shall be at 45 psi.
(B) The dynamometer indicated power (IHP) and inertia weight for the
vehicle shall be selected for the test vehicle.
(C) The test vehicle shall be coasted down from 65 mph to 5 mph on the
dynamometer with the settings pre-selected in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(B).
(D) The 55 mph to 45 mph, and the 22 mph to 18 mph coast down times
shall be recorded for the data collected in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(C).
(E) The test vehicle shall again be coasted down from 65 mph to 5 mp h on
the dynamometer with the dynamometer power absorber reset to a load
of zero.
(F) A speed versus horsepower equation of the form in §85.2226(a)(2)(iii)
shall be determined for the data collected in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(E).
(G) The test vehicle shall be removed from the dynamometer, and the
dynamometer shall be coasted down from 65 mph to 5 mph with the
dynamometer power absorber set to a load of zero.
(H) A speed versus horsepower equation of the form in §85.2226(a)(2)(ix)
for parasitic losses (PLHP) shall be determined for the data collected in
§85.2234(b)(4)(i)(G).
(I) The tire/roll interface losses shall be determined by subtracting the
horsepower curve determined in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(H) from the
IM240 Quality Control Page 47
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§85.2234 §85.2234
horsepower curve determined in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(F). The tire loss
curve (CTRL) shall be in the form specified in §85.2226(a)(2)(xiii).
(J) Repeat the steps in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(B) through §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(I)
to obtain a total of three sets of data for each test vehicle. The
dynamometer and vehicle may be warmed-up as needed to meet the
requirements in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(A).
(K) For each test vehicle, compute the average 55 mph to 45 mph coast
down time, the average 22 mph to 18 mph coast down time, and the
average tire/roll interface loss curve as measured in
§85.2234(b)(4)(i)(B) through §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(J).
(L) The dynamometer vehicle loading is considered acceptable if, for each
test vehicle, the average values determined in §85.2234(b)(4)(i)(K) are
within ±1 second of the 55 mph to 45 mph for the target time specified
in §85.2226(a)(2)(ii), are within ±7 percent of the 22 mph to 18 mph
that is calculated from §85.2226(a)(2)(iii) and §85.2226(a)(2)(iv), and
within ±15 percent of a generic tire/roll loss curve for the category of
vehicle.
(iv) Load Measuring Device Check . The load measuring device on each
dynamometer shall be checked by a dead-weight method (or equivalent) at
least six points across the range of loads used for vehicle testing. Physical
checking weights shall be traceable to NIST standards to within ± 0.5
percent. Equivalent methods shall document the method used to verify
equivalent accuracy. The accuracy of the interpreted value used for
calculation or control shall be within ±1 percent of full scale.
(v) Vehicle Inertia Loading . The actual inertia applied to the vehicle by each
inertia weight, in combination with the base inertia, shall be verified for each
dynamometer to insure compliance with the requirements in
§85.2226(a)(4)(i) or §85.2226(a)(4)(ii) as applicable.
(vi) Parasitic loss check between 8 and 12 mph . The coast down time of each
dynamometer between 8 and 12 mph shall be verified for compliance with
the requirements of §85.2226(a)(2)(x).
(vii) Speed and Distance Check . The performance of the speed and distance
measuring system of each dynamometer shall be verified for compliance
with the requirements of §85.2226(a)(5)(i). The ability to resolve
acceleration as specified in §85.2226(a)(5)(i) need only be genetically
verified for the design used. If more than one design is used, each design
shall be verified.
(viii) Warm-up System Check . The dynamometer warm-up system shall be
checked for compliance with the requirements in §85.2234(b)(3) by
conducting a coast down check immediately following completion of the
1M240 Quality Control Page 48
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§85.2234 §85.2234
warm-up specified by the dynamometer manufacturer or the system. The
design of the warm-up system should be checked across the range of
temperatures experience in-use, and particularly at the lower speeds.
(5) Coast-down Times . Following acceptance, 55 to 45 mph, and 22 to 18 mph coast-
down times shall be determined for quality control purposes with the vehicle off the
dynamometer for each inertia weight and for at least 2 horsepower settings within
the normal range of the inertia weight as required in §85.2234(b)(l)(ii). These
quality control values shall be determined when the dynamometer has been set to
meet either the coast-down target times with the vehicle on the dynamometer (i.e.,
55 to 45 mph and 22 to 18 mph), or the equation coefficients. The I/M program
manager, may however, select different vehicle/engine categories to check coast-
down times as in §85.2234(b)(4)(i) for audit purposes.
(c) Constant Volume Sampler
(1) Flow Calibration . The flow of the CVS shall be calibrated at six flow rates upon
initial installation, 6 months following installation, and every 12 months thereafter.
The flow rates shall include the nominal rated flow-rate and a rate below the rated
flow-rate for both critical flow Venturis and subsonic Venturis, and a flow-rate above
the rated flow for sub-sonic Venturis. The flow calibration points shall cover the
range of variation in flow that typically occurs when testing. A complete calibration
shall be performed following repairs to the CVS that could affect flow.
(2) System Check . CVS flow calibration at the nominal CVS design flow shall be
checked once per operating day using a procedure that identifies deviations in flow
from the true value. A procedure equivalent to that in §86.119(c) shall be used.
Deviations greater than ±4% shall result in automatic lockout of official testing until
corrected.
(3) Cleaning Flow Passages . The sample probe shall be checked at least once per
month and cleaned if necessary to maintain proper sample flow. CVS venturi
passages shall be checked once per year and cleaned if necessary.
(4) Probe Flow. The indicator identifying the presence of proper probe flow for the
system design (e.g., proportional flow for CFV systems, minimum flow for time
correlation of different analyzers) shall be checked on a daily basis. Lack of proper
flow shall require corrective action.
(5) Leak Check. The vacuum portion of the sample system shall be checked for leaks
on a daily basis and each time the system integrity is violated (e.g., changing a
filter).
(6) Bag Sample Check . On a quarterly basis, vehicle exhaust shall be collected in
sample bags with simultaneous integrated measurement of the sample. At least one
bag each for Phase 1 and for Phase 2 of the transient test cycle shall be conducted.
Differences between the two measurement systems greater than 10% shall result in
IM240 Quality Control Page 49
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§85.2234 §85.2234
system lockout until corrective action is taken. For the purposes of acceptance
testing, the differences shall be no greater than 5%.
(7) Response Time Check . The response time of each analyzer shall be checked upon
initial installation, during each check for compliance with §85.2234(c)(6), after each
repair or modification to the flow system that would reasonably be expected to
affect the response time, and at least once per week. The check shall include the
complete sample system from the sample probe to the analyzer. Statistical process
control shall be used to monitor compliance and establish fit for use limits based on
the requirements in §85.2226(c). At a minimum, response time measurements that
deviate significantly from the average response time for all CVS systems designed
to the same specification in the program shall require corrective action before
testing may resume.
(8) Mixing Tee Acceptance Test .
(i) The design of the mixing tee shall be evaluated by running the transient
driving cycle on at least two vehicles, representing the high and low ends of
engine displacement and inertia. Changes in the static tailpipe pressure with
and without CVS, measured on a second-by-second basis within 3 inches of
the end of the tailpipe, shall not exceed ±1.0 inch of water.
(ii) The ability of the mixing tee design to capture all of the exhaust as a vehicle
moves laterally from one extreme position on the dynamometer to the other
extreme shall be evaluated with back-to-back testing of three vehicles,
representing the high and low ends of engine displacement and inertia. The
back-to-back testing shall be done with the mixing tee at the tailpipe and
with an airtight connection to the tailpipe (i.e., the mixing tee will be
effectively moved downstream, as in typical FTP testing). The difference in
carbon-balance fuel economy between the mixing tee located at the vehicle
and the positive connection shall be no greater than 5%.
(iii) The design of the dual exhaust system shall be evaluated with back-to-back
testing of three vehicles, representing the high and low ends of engine
displacement and inertia, with an airtight connection to the tailpipe (i.e., the
mixing tee will be effectively moved downstream, as in typical FTP testing,
for these qualification tests). The difference in carbon-balance fuel economy
between the two methods shall be no greater than 5%.
(d) Analysis System
(1) Calibration Curve Generation .
(i) Upon initial installation, calibration curves shall be generated for each
analyzer. If an analyzer has more than one measurement transducer, each
transducer shall be considered as a separate analyzer in the analysis system
for the purposes of curve generation and analysis system checks.
1M240 Quality Control Page 50
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(ii) The calibration curve shall consider the entire range of the analyzer as one
curve.
(iii) At least 5 calibration points plus zero shall be used in the lower portion of
the analyzer range corresponding to an average concentration of
approximately 2 gpm for HC, 30 gpm for CO, 3 gpm for NOx, and 400 gpm
for CO 2- When both a low range analyzer and a high range analyzer are
used for a single interest gas (e.g., CO), the high range analyzer shall use at
least 5 calibration points plus zero in the lower portion of the high range
scale corresponding to approximately 100% of the full-scale value of the low
range analyzer. For all analyzers, at least 5 calibration points shall be used
to define the calibration curve above the 5 lower calibration points. The
calibration zero gas shall be used to set the analyzer to zero.
(iv) Gas dividers may be used to obtain the intermediate points for the general
range classifications specified.
(v) The calibration curves generated shall be a polynomial of the best fit and no
greater than 4 th order, and shall fit the data within 2.0% at each calibration
point as specified in §86.121-90, §86.122-78, §86.123-78, and §86.124-78.
An exception to the 2% fit may be allowed with approval by the
Administrator if supported by appropriate data for the lowest two non-zero
calibration points, provided that those points are below a value
corresponding to an average concentration of approximately 1 gpm for HC,
15 gpm for CO, 1.5 gpm for NOx, and 200 gpm for CO 2. For those points
the allowable curve fit may be increased to no more than 5%. (For
reference, see EPA NVFEL Procedure No. 204)
(vi) Each curve shall be verified for each analyzer with a confirming calibration
standard between 40-80% of full scale that is not used for curve generation.
Each confirming standard shall be measured by the curve within 2.5%.
(2) Spanning Frequency . The zero and up-scale span points shall be checked at 2 hour
intervals following the daily mid-scale curve check specified in §85.2234(d)(4) and
adjusted if necessary. If the up-scale span point drifts by more than 2.0% from the
previous check or, for the first check performed after the daily calibration check
described in §85.2234(d)(4), from the daily check official testing shall be prevented
and corrective action shall be taken to bring the system into compliance. If the zero
point drifts by more than 2 ppmC HC, 1 ppm NOx, 10 ppm CO, or 40 ppm CO2,
official testing shall be prevented and corrective action shall be taken to bring the
system into compliance. Or, the unit may be zeroed prior to each test.
(3) Limit Check. The tolerance on the adjustment of the up-scale span point shall be
0.4% of point. A software algorithm to perform the zero and span adjustment and
subsequent calibration curve adjustment shall be used. Cumulative software up-
scale zero and span adjustments greater than ±10% from the latest calibration curve
shall cause official testing to be prevented and corrective action shall be taken to
bring the system into compliance.
IM240 Quality Control Page 51
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(4) Daily Calibration Checks . The curve for each analyzer shall be checked and
adjusted to correctly read zero using a working zero gas, and an up-scale span gas
within the tolerance in §85.2234(d)(3), and then by reading a mid-scale span gas
within 2.5% of point, on each operating day prior to vehicle testing. If the analyzer
does not read the mid-scale span point within 2.5% of point, the analyzer shall
automatically be prevented from official testing. The up-scale span gas
concentration for each analyzer shall correspond to approximately 80% of full scale,
and the mid-point concentration shall correspond to approximately 15% of full
scale.
(5) Weekly NQx Convertor Checks . The converter efficiency of the NO 2 to NO
converter shall be checked on a weekly basis. The check shall be equivalent to
§86.123-78 (for reference see EOD Form 305-01) except that the concentration of
the NO gas shall be in the range of 100-300 ppm. Alternative methods may be used
if approved by the Administrator.
(6) Weekly NO/NOx Flow Balance . The flow balance between the NO and NOx test
modes shall be checked weekly. The check may be combined with the NOx
converter check as illustrated in EPA NVFEL Form 305-01.
(7) Monthly Calibration Checks . The basic calibration curve shall be verified monthly
by the same procedure used to generate the curve in §85.2234(d)(l), and to the
same tolerances.
(8) FID Check.
(i) Upon initial operation, and after maintenance to the detector, each FID shall
be checked, and adjusted if necessary, for proper peaking and
characterization using the procedures described in SAE Paper No. 77.0141 or
by analyzer manufacturer recommended procedures.
(ii) The response of each FID to a methane concentration of approximately 50
ppm CH4 shall be checked once per month. If the response is outside of the
range of 1.00 to 1.30, corrective action shall be taken to bring the FID
response within this range. The response shall be computed by the equation
in §85.2234(d)(9)(iii).
..... _ . _,, , FID response in ppmC
(in) Ratio of Methane Response = AT • fr^-;—
v ' v ppm CH4 in cylinder
(9) Integrator Checks . Upon initial operation, and every three months thereafter,
emissions from a vehicle with transient cycle test values between 60% and 400% of
the 1984 LDGV standard shall be simultaneously sampled by the normal integration
method and by the bag method in each lane. The data from each method shall be
put into a historical data base for determining normal and deviant performance for
each test lane, facility, and all facilities combined. Specific deviations between the
integrator and bag readings exceeding ±10% shall require corrective action.
IM240 Quality Control Page 52
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(10) Cross-Checks. On a quarterly basis, and whenever gas bottles are changed, each
analyzer in a given facility shall analyze a sample of a test gas. The test gas shall be
independent of the gas used for the daily calibration check in §85.2234(d)(4), in
independent bottles. The same test gas, or gas mixture shall be used for all
analyzers. The concentration of the gas shall be one of three values corresponding
to approximately 0.5 to 3 times the cutpoint (in gpm) for 1984 and later model year
vehicles for the constituent. One of the three values shall be at the lower end of the
range, another shall be at the higher end of the range, and the other shall be near the
middle of the range. The values selected shall be rotated in a random manner for
each cross-check. The value of the checking sample may be determined by a gas
divider. The deviation in analysis from the concentration of the checking sample
for each analyzer shall be recorded and compared to the historical mean and
standard deviation for the analyzers at the facility and at all facilities. Any reading
exceeding 3 sigma shall cause the analyzer to be placed out of service.
(11) Interference - Laboratory Testing . The design of each CO, CO 2, and NOx analyzer
shall be checked for water vapor interference prior to initial service. The
interference limits in this paragraph shall apply to analyzers used with a CVS of 700
SCFM or greater. For analyzers used with lower flow rate CVS units, the allowable
interference response shall be proportionately adjusted downward.
(i) CO Analyzer. A gas mixture of 4% CO 2 in N2 bubbled through water with a
saturated-mixture temperature of 40°C shall produce a response on the CO
analyzer of no greater than 15 ppm at 40°C. Also, a gas mixture of 4 percent
CO2 in N2 shall produce a response on the CO analyzer of no greater than 10
ppm at 40°C.
(ii) CO2 Analyzer. A calibration zero gas bubbled through water with a
saturated-mixture temperature of 40°C shall produce a response on the CO 2
analyzer of no greater than 60 ppm.
(iii) NOx Analyzer. A calibration zero gas bubbled through water with a
saturated-mixture temperature of 40°C shall produce a response on the NOx
analyzer of no greater than 1 ppm. Also, a gas mixture of 4 percent CO2 in
either N2 or air shall produce a response on the NOx analyzer of no greater
than 1.0ppmat40°C.
(12) Interference — Field Testing . Each CO, CO 2, and NOx analyzers shall be checked
for water vapor interference prior to initial service, and on a yearly basis thereafter.
The in-field check prior to initial service and the yearly checks shall be performed
on a high ambient temperature summer day (or simulated conditions). For
analyzers used with lower flow rate CVS units, the allowable interference response
shall be proportionately adjusted downward. The allowable interference level shall
be adjusted to coincide with the saturated-mixture temperature used. For the CO
analyzer, a rejection ratio of 9,000 to 1 shall be used for this calculation. A ratio of
2000 to 1 shall be used for CO 2 analyzers. A ratio of 90,000 to 1 shall be used for
NOx analyzers.
IM240 Quality Control Page 53
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(e) Gases
(1) General Requirements . Gas blends may contain up to three of any of the following
components: HC , CO, CO2, and NO. The HC component shall be propane. The
diluent for blends containing HC shall be air. The diluent for blends containing NO
shall be N2. CO and C02 may be used with either air or N2 as the diluent. Blends
containing four interest components may be used only if approved by the
Administrator. Blends containing NO2 shall also require approval by the
Administrator prior to use, except if used to perform the NOx converter check
specified in §85.2234(d)(5). Any interference effects between components in a gas
blend shall be addressed in the quality control and quality assurance process. When
a gas audit of the analytical system is performed, the auditor shall indicate whether
CO2 is present in the audit gas mixture prior to performing the audit.
(2) Calibration Gases . Gases used to generate and check calibration curves shall be
traceable to a NIST SRM, CRM, NTRM, or ROM and have a stated uncertainty to
within 1% of the standard by Gas Comparison methods. Calibration zero gas shall
be used when using a gas divider to generate intermediary calibration gases.
(3) Span Gases. Gases used for up-scale span adjustment, cross-checks, and for mid-
scale span checks shall be traceable to NIST SRM, CRM, NTRM, or ROM and
have a stated uncertainty to within 2% of the standard by Gas Comparison methods.
Span gas concentrations shall be verified immediately after a monthly calibration
curve check and before being put into service. If the reading on the span gases
exceeds 2.5% of the label value, the system or gases shall be taken out of service
until corrective action is taken. When a gas divider is used to generate span gases,
the diluent gas shall not have impurities any greater than the working zero gas.
(4) Calibration Zero Gas . The impurities in the calibration zero gas shall not exceed 0.1
ppmC, 0.5 ppm CO, 1 ppm CO2, and 0.1 ppm NO. Calibration zero grade air shall
be used for the FID zero calibration gas. Calibration zero grade nitrogen or
calibration zero grade air shall be used for CO, CO2, and NOx zero calibration
gases.
(5) Working Zero Gas . The impurities in working zero grade gases shall not exceed 1
ppmC, 2 ppm CO, 400 ppm CO2, and 0.3 ppm NOx. Working zero grade air or
calibration zero grade air shall be used for the FID zero span gas. Working or
calibration zero grade nitrogen or air shall be used for CO, C02, and NOx zero span
gases.
(6) FID Fuel. The fuel for the FID shall consist of a mixture of 40% ( ±2%) hydrogen,
and the balance helium. The FID oxidizer shall be zero grade air, which can consist
of artificial air containing 18 to 21 mole percent of oxygen.
(7) Gas Naming Protocol . Gases used for calibration or auditing shall be named
according to a written established practice that has been approved by the
Administrator.
IM240 Quality Control Page 54
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(f) Overall System Performance
(1) Emission Levels . For each test lane, the average, median, 10 m percentile and 90 m
percentile of the composite emissions (HC, CO, CO 2, and NOx) measured shall be
monitored on a monthly basis. Differences in the monthly average of greater than
±10% by any one lane from the facility-average or combined facility-average, or by
any one facility from the combined facility-average shall require an investigation to
determine whether the single lane or facility has a systematic equipment or
operating error or difference. Where it can be determined that the averages from
one facility (or facilities) are offset from the average of the other facilities based on
the mix of vehicles tested, the ±10% limit shall be compared to the expected offset.
If systematic equipment or operating errors or differences causing the offset are
found, such errors shall be corrected. The sample period may be adjusted to assure
that a reasonably random sample of vehicles was tested in each lane.
(2) Pass/Fail Status . The average number of passing vehicles and the average number
of failing vehicles shall be monitored monthly for each test lane. Differences in the
monthly average of greater than ±15% by any one lane from the facility-average or
combined facility-average, or by any one facility from the combined facility-
average shall require an investigation to determine whether the single lane or facility
has a systematic equipment or operating error or difference. Where it can be
determined that the averages from one facility (or facilities) are offset from the
average of the other facilities based on the mix of vehicles tested, the ±15% limit
shall be compared to the expected offset. If systematic equipment or operating
errors or differences causing the offset are found, such errors shall be corrected.
The sample period may be adjusted to assure that a reasonably random sample of
vehicles was tested in each lane.
(g) Control Charts
(1) General Requirements . Control charts and Statistical Process Control theory shall
be used to determine, forecast, and maintain performance of each test lane, each
facility, and all facilities in a given network. The control charts shall cover the
performance of key parameters in the test system. When key parameters approach
control chart limits, close monitoring of such systems shall be initiated and
corrective actions shall be taken when needed to prevent such systems from
exceeding control chart limits. If any key parameter exceeds the control chart
limits, corrective action shall be taken to bring the system into compliance. The
control chart limits specified are those values listed for the test procedures, the
equipment specifications, and the quality control specifications that cause a test to
be voided or require equipment to be removed from service. These values are "fit
for use" limits, unlike a strict interpretation of SPC control chart theory which may
use tighter limits to define the process. The test facility is encouraged to apply SPC
strict control chart theory to determine when equipment or processes could be
improved. No action shall be required until the equipment or process exceeds the
"fit for use limits" specified in this section.
IM240 Quality Control Page 55
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(2) Control Charts for Individual Test Lanes . In general, control charts for individual
test lanes shall include parameters that will allow the cause for abnormal
performance of a test lane to be pinpointed to individual systems or components.
Test lane control charts shall include at a minimum:
(i) Overall number of vo ided tests
(ii) Number of voided tests by type
(iii) Level of difference between theoretical and measured coast-down times
(iv) Level of difference between theoretical and measured CVS flow
(v) Level of up-scale span change from last up-scale span (not required if
software corrections are tracked)
(vi) Level of mathematical or software correction to the calibration curve as a
result of an up-scale span change (if used)
(vii) Level of difference between the analyzer response to the daily cross-check,
and the test gas concentration
(viii) Level of difference between the integrated measurements and the bag
measurements
(ix) The system response time
(x) Level of the FID CH 4 response ratio
(xi) Level of the ambient background concentrations
(xii) The average, median, 10 m percentile and 90 m percentile of the composite
emissions (HC, CO, CO 2, andNOx) measured over the defined periodic
basis
(xiii) Average number of passing vehicles, and average number of failing vehicles
over the defined periodic basis
(xiv) Level of difference between theoretical or measured values for other
parameters measured during quality assurance procedures
(3) Control Charts for Individual Facilities . Control charts for individual facilities shall
consist of facility-averages of the test lane control charts for each test lane at the
facility.
(4) Combined Control Charts for All Facilities . Combined control charts for all of the
facilities in a given network shall consist of an average of the facility-average
control charts for each facility.
IM240 Quality Control Page 56
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§85.2234 §85.2234
(5) Control Charts of Individual Inspectors . Control charts for individual inspectors
shall include parameters that will allow the cause for abnormal performance to be
evaluated. Control charts for individual inspectors shall be compared to the
combined control charts for each facility and for the network.
IM240 Quality Control Page 57
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§85.2235 §85.2235
§85.2235 Evaporative Test System Quality Control Requirements
(a) Evaporative Purge Analysis System Flow Checks
(1) Daily Check. Each flow meter used to measure purge flow shall be checked each
operating day with simulated purge flow (e.g., auxiliary pneumatic pump) against a
reference flow measuring device with performance specifications equal to or better
than those specified for the purge meter. The check shall be made at a flow rate of
between 4 and 5 liters per minute. The test shall be conducted for one minute.
Deviations greater than ±0.3 liters per minute, or ±3% of total flow from the values
determined by the reference device shall require corrective action.
(2) Monthly Check. On a monthly basis, the calibration of purge meters shall be
checked for total volume of flow at 0.8, 2, 20, and 35 liters over 4 minutes with a
device or method capable of measuring these flow volumes to within ±0.2 liters
over the test period. Deviations exceeding 1.5 times the specifications in
§85.2227(b)(2)(v)(D) shall require corrective action.
(3) Alternative Frequencies . Where appropriate, control charts and statistical process
control (SPC) theory shall be used to determine, forecast, and maintain performance
of the purge measurement system.
(b) Evaporative System Integrity Checks
(1) Daily Checks. Relevant parameters of the evaporative system integrity analysis
system shall be checked on each operating day.
(i) Systems that monitor pressure decay shall be checked for integrity. If, after
the vehicle attachment end of the checking system is capped and the
checking system is pressurized to between 14 and 28 inches of water, the
pressure system changes more than 0.2 inches of water over 15 seconds,
testing shall be automatically prevented until corrective action is taken.
(ii) The gas cap flow tester shall be verified daily by testing and correctly
identifying the passing and failing reference fuel caps. The tester shall be
automatically locked out from use until it properly fails and passes the
reference caps. Flow calibration of the reference fuel caps shall be
conducted before initial usage and thereafter as required by examining
quality control data.
(2) Weekly Check . Pressure gauges or measurement devices shall be checked on a
weekly basis against a reference gauge or device equal to or better than the specified
performance requirements. Deviations exceeding the specified accuracy shall
require corrective action.
(3) Annual Check. The flow standard orifice shall be calibrated before initial usage and
thereafter on an annual basis unless quality control data suggests other intervals are
appropriate. The flow calibration method shall be traceable to NIST.
Evaporative Test Equipment Quality Control Page 58
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§85.2235 §85.2235
(4) Filter Check. The gas cap flow tester filter shall be maintained in accordance with
the leak test manufacturer's recommendations.
(5) Alternative Frequencies . Where appropriate, control charts and statistical process
control (SPC) theory shall be used to determine, forecast, and maintain performance
of the overall pressure and flow test measurement systems.
Evaporative Test Equipment Quality Control Page 59
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§85.2239 §85.2239
§85.2239 Test Report
(a) General Test Report Information
(1) Vehicle Description .
(i) License plate number,
(ii) Vehicle identification number,
(iii) Weight class, and
(iv) Odometer reading.
(2) Date and end time of the tailpipe emission measurement test.
(3) Name or identification number of the individual performin g the test and the location
of the test station and lane.
(4) For failed vehicles, a statement indicating the availability of warranty coverage as
provided in Section 207 of the Clean Air Act.
(5) A statement certifying that the short tests were performed in accordance with
applicable regulations.
(b) Tests and Results
(1) Test Types and Standards . The test report shall indicate the types of tests performed
on the vehicle and the test standards for each. Test standards shall be displayed to
the appropriate number of significant digits as in §85.2205(a). For the IM240 the
reported standards shall be the composite test standards.
(2) Test Scores. The test report shall show the scores for each test performed. Test
scores shall be displayed to the same number of significant digits as the standards.
(3) IM240 Scores . The reported score for the IM240 shall be in units of grams per mile
and shall be selected based upon the following:
(i) If the emissions of any exhaust component on the composite IM240 are
below the applicable standard in §85.2205(a), then the vehicle shall pass for
that constituent and the composite score shall be reported.
(ii) If the emissions of any exhaust component on the composite IM240 exceed
the applicable standard in §85.2205(a) but are below the Phase 2 standard,
then the vehicle shall pass for that component and the Phase 2 score shall be
reported.
(iii) If the emissions of any exhaust component on the composite IM240 exceed
the applicable standard in §85.2205(a)(2) through §85.2205(a)(4) and
exceed the Two Ways to Pass Standard as described in §85.2205(a)(l), then
the vehicle shall fail for that component and the composite score shall be
reported.
Test Report Page 60
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§85.2239 §85.2239
(iv) If a passing decision is made for all three exhaust components on the IM240,
and for purge before the end of the full driving cycle according to the criteria
described in §85.2205(a)(4) and §85.2205(c)(2), the passing results and
reported emissions levels shall be those obtained at the time the test is
terminated. Emission levels for the IM240 shall be reported in grams per
mile calculated using the full IM240 mileage (not actual mileage). The
emission standards reported shall be the composite standards (i.e., not the
fast-pass standards).
(4) Purge Scores . The score for the purge test shall be reported in units of liters and
shall be selected based upon the following:
(i) If purge levels at the conclusion of the transient driving cycle are below the
applicable standard in §85.2205(c)(l), then the vehicle shall fail.
(ii) If a passing decision is made for all three exhaust components on the IM240,
and for purge before the end of the full driving cycle according to the criteria
described in §85.2205(a)(4) and §85.2205(c)(3), the passing result and
reported cumulative purge levels shall be those obtained at the time the test
is terminated.
(5) Pressure Test Scores . The score(s) for the pressure test(s) shall be reported as a
change in pressure expressed in inches of water.
(6) Test Results. The test report shall indicate the pass/fail result for each test
performed and the overall result. In the case of exhaust emission tests, the report
shall indicate the pass/fail status for each component for which standards apply.
(7) Second-by-Second Measurements . For vehicles failing the IM240, a graph showing
the second-by-second emission levels (see following example), for each exhaust
component in grams per mile equivalent, and for purge in liters per second shall be
given to the motorist.
Test Report Page 61
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§85.2239
§85.2239
Recommended EM240 Second-By-Second Emissions Report
Test Number 4719
Model Year 1988
Make XXXX
Model YYYY
Cylinders 4
Transmission Auto
Vehicle Type LDGV
Test Weight 3000
TRLHP 14.7
Traction Control No
ABS No
Purge Test Yes
Press Test Yes
Emission Actual Cutpoint
HC (gpm) 2.45 0.80
CO(gpm) 23.1 15.0
NOx (gpm) 0.71 2.00
CO2 (gpm) 279 n/a
Purge (L) 30.2 1.0
Test Report
Page 62
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§85.2239
§85.2239
HC
gpme
CO
gpme
NOx
gpme
C02
gpme
Purge
liters
I 1 1 1
2000
1500 -•
1000 -•
20
40
60
80
100 120 140
Seconds
160 180 200 220 240
Test Report
Page 63
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§85.2231
§85.2231
§85.2231 Terms
(a) Definitions
(1) Track coast-down target time: The new vehicle certification track coast-down time
between 55 and 45 mph.
(2) Road load horsepower: The power required for a vehicle to maintain a given constant
speed taking into account power losses due to such things as wind resistance,
tire losses, bearing friction, etc.
(3) Tier 1: New gaseous and particulate tailpipe emission standards for use in certifying
new light duty vehicles and light duty trucks phased in beginning with the
1994 model year.
(4) CVS hose: The hose, connecting to the tailpipe of the vehicle, that carries exhaust and
dilution air to the stationary portion of the CVS system.
(b) Abbreviations
(1) CFV:
(2) CH4:
(3) CO2:
(4) CO:
(5) CRM:
(6) CVS:
(7) FID:
(8) gpm:
(9) GVWR:
(10) HC:
(11) HDGT:
(12) hp:
(13) Hz:
(14) I/M:
(15) IW:
(16) LDGT1:
(17) LDGT2:
(18) LDGV:
(19) LVW
(20) mph:
(21) NDIR:
(22) NIST:
(23) NO2:
(24) NO:
(25) NOx:
(26) NVFEL:
(27) Obmph:
(28) PLHP:
(29) ppm:
(30) ppmC:
Critical flow venturi
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Certified reference material
constant volume sampler
Flame ionization detector
Grams per mile
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
Hydrocarbons
Heavy-Duty Gasoline-powered Truck greater than 8500 pounds GVWR
horsepower
cycles per second (Hertz)
Inspection and Maintenance
Inertia weight
Light-Duty Gasoline-powered Truck from 0 to 6000 pounds GVWR
Light-Duty Gasoline-powered Truck from 6001 to 8500 pounds G VWR
Light-Duty Gasoline-powered Vehicle
Loaded Vehicle Weight
Miles per hour
non-dispersive infrared
National Institute for Standards and Technology
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
Oxides of nitrogen
National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
Observed dynamometer speed in mph of the loading roller, if rolls are
not coupled
Parasitic horsepower loss at the observed dynamometer speed in mp h
parts per million by volume
parts per million, carbon
Terms and Abbreviations
Page 64
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§85.2231 §85.2231
(31) psi: Pounds per square inch
(32) RFP: Request for Proposal
(33) RLHP Road Load Horsepower
(34) rpm: revolutions per minute
(35) SCFM: standard cubic feet per minute
(36) SPC: Statistical process control
(37) SRM: Standard reference material
(38) SSV: Subsonic venturi
(39) TRLHP: Track road-load horsepower
Terms and Abbreviations Page 65
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Appendix A
Guidance on the Use of Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
-------
Appendix A Appendix A
Guidance on the Use of Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
A fast-pass decision is made by measuring the vehicle's cumulative emissions of each
pollutant in each second, and comparing them to cumulative emission fast-pass standards for each
pollutant for the second of the test under consideration. In general, if the vehicle's cumulative
emissions are below a given level for all pollutants the vehicle passes. Testing continues until
decisions are made for each pollutant and for purge. Measurements of all constituents shall continue
to be taken as long as the test continues, including those constituents for which a decision has
already been made.
These fast-pass standards are derived from an Arizona IM240 data set which included 3,718
tests. Fast-pass standards for each second represent the tenth lowest cumulative emission levels in
that second obtained for vehicles failing the M240 using the two-ways-to-pass criteria. Hence,
vehicles that fall below this level are showing lower cumulative emissions at that point in the test
than the cleanest vehicles failing the full test and therefore pass. Fast-pass determinations begin at
second 30 of the IM240 cycle.
Beginning at second 104, fast pass decisions for HC and CO are based upon analysis of
cumulative emissions in phase 2, the portion of the test beginning at second 94, as well as emission
levels accumulated from the beginning of the test (the "composite" test). Fast-pass standards are
derived for phase 2 of the test as described above. Since the phase 2 standards for NOx are the same
as the composite, the phase 2 NOx fast-pass standards are also the same as the composite.
The fast-pass algorithm for purge is essentially the same as for tailpipe emissions. Second-
by-second cumulative purge levels are compared with second-by-second cumulative purge pass
standards. Fast-pass standards correspond to the tenth highest cumulative purge levels for failing
vehicles. There are no Phase 2 standards for purge.
A vehicle passes the IM240/purge test if cumulative composite purge is above the cumulative
composite purge fast-pass standard, and if any of the following three conditions occur:
• cumulative composite emissions of HC, CO, and NOx are below the composite fast-pass
standards;
• cumulative phase 2 emissions of HC, CO, and NOx are below the phase 2 fast-pass
standards;
• any combination of the first two conditions exist.
Scores
HCj = cumulative composite HC at time = t seconds
COt = cumulative composite CO at time = t seconds
NOxj = cumulative composite NOx at time = t seconds
Pt - cumulative composite purge at time = t seconds
= cumulative Phase 2 HC at time = t seconds
COfa = cumulative Phase 2 CO at time = t seconds
= cumulative Phase 2 NOx at time = t seconds
Fast Pass Guidance Page 2
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Appendix A Appendix A
Cumulative composite scores represent the cumulative grams of emissions from t = 0 seconds
Cumulative Phase 2 scores represent the cumulative grams of emissions from t = 104 seconds
Fast-Pass Standards
= composite HC fast-pass standard at time = / seconds
COpt - composite CO fast-pass standard at time = t seconds
NOx^tf = composite NOx fast-pass standard for failing vehicles at time = t seconds
Ppt - composite purge fast-pass standard at time = / seconds
= Phase 2 HC fast-pass standard at time = t seconds
COpbt = Phase 2 CO fast-pass standard at time = t seconds
= Phase 2 NOx fast-pass standard at time = t seconds
Fast-Pass Conditions
For t > 30 seconds, the vehicle shall pass if:
HQ < UCpt and CO t < COpt, NOx; < NOx^; and P t > Ppt
additionally, for t > 104 seconds, the vehicle shall pass if:
HCbt < HCpbt and CObt < COpbt and NOx£, < NOx^fo and Pt > Ppt, or
HQ < HCpt and CObt < COpbt and NOxfo < NOx^fo and Pf > Ppt, or
HQ < HCpt and CO / < CO^ and NOxfo < NOxpfo and Pt > Ppt, or
ECbt< HCpbt and CO t < COpt and NOx bt < NOxpbt and P t > Ppt, or
< HCpbt and CO t < COpt and NOx t < NOx^f and Pf > Ppt, or
< HCpbt and CO bt < COpbt and NOx t < NOx^ and P t > Ppt,
Fast Pass Guidance Page 3
-------
Appendix A
Appendix A
IM240 FAST-PASS EMISSION STANDARDS
(grams)
Sec
IM240
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Hydrocarbons
Comp-
osite Phase 2
0.8 0.5
0.124 n/a
0.126 n/a
0.129 n/a
0.135 n/a
0.140 n/a
0.146 n/a
0.150 n/a
0.153 n/a
0.156 n/a
0.160 n/a
0.165 n/a
0.169 n/a
0.172 n/a
0.173 n/a
0.177 n/a
0.197 n/a
0.200 n/a
0.208 n/a
0.221 n/a
0.232 n/a
0.235 n/a
0.238 n/a
0.240 n/a
0.242 n/a
0.246 n/a
0.249 n/a
0.252 n/a
0.261 n/a
0.271 n/a
0.276 n/a
0.278 n/a
0.280 n/a
0.282 n/a
0.283 n/a
0.284 n/a
0.285 n/a
0.286 n/a
0.288 n/a
0.291 n/a
0.294 n/a
0.296 n/a
0.298 n/a
0.300 n/a
0.302 n/a
0.304 n/a
0.307 n/a
0.308 n/a
0.308 n/a
0.308 n/a
0.314 n/a
0.320 n/a
0.324 n/a
0.327 n/a
0.329 n/a
0.333 n/a
0.336 n/a
0.339 n/a
0.343 n/a
0.347 n/a
0.350 n/a
0.356 n/a
0.358 n/a
0.360 n/a
0.363 n/a
0.367 n/a
0.370 n/a
0.372 n/a
0.376 n/a
0.388 n/a
0.396 n/a
0.405 n/a
0.410 n/a
0.411 n/a
0.412 n/a
Comp-
osite Phase 2
1.25 0.75
0.247 n/a
0.253 n/a
0.258 n/a
0.263 n/a
0.268 n/a
0.277 n/a
0.283 n/a
0.293 n/a
0.297 n/a
0.298 n/a
0.313 n/a
0.320 n/a
0.327 n/a
0.342 n/a
0.360 n/a
0.376 n/a
0.389 n/a
0.408 n/a
0.423 n/a
0.434 n/a
0.444 n/a
0.454 n/a
0.465 n/a
0.472 n/a
0.478 n/a
0.485 n/a
0.493 n/a
0.500 n/a
0.505 n/a
0.514 n/a
0.537 n/a
0.540 n/a
0.543 n/a
0.546 n/a
0.551 n/a
0.559 n/a
0.567 n/a
0.575 n/a
0.588 n/a
0.595 n/a
0.601 n/a
0.606 n/a
0.610 n/a
0.617 n/a
0.631 n/a
0.643 n/a
0.651 n/a
0.659 n/a
0.667 n/a
0.676 n/a
0.681 n/a
0.685 n/a
0.689 n/a
0.694 n/a
0.700 n/a
0.705 n/a
0.709 n/a
0.713 n/a
0.717 n/a
0.721 n/a
0.724 n/a
0.727 n/a
0.729 n/a
0.731 n/a
0.734 n/a
0.740 n/a
0.748 n/a
0.759 n/a
0.771 n/a
0.783 n/a
0.793 n/a
0.810 n/a
0.823 n/a
0.836 n/a
Comp-
osite
2.00
0.407
0.415
0.423
0.436
0.451
0.464
0.468
0.475
0.487
0.506
0.530
0.549
0.569
0.588
0.609
0.621
0.636
0.649
0.666
0.679
0.696
0.712
0.727
0.745
0.760
0.776
0.797
0.814
0.826
0.837
0.849
0.862
0.872
0.887
0.895
0.903
0.925
0.933
0.945
0.959
0.970
0.980
0.988
0.997
1.022
1.037
1.051
1.064
1.075
1.087
1.097
1.105
1.114
1.136
1.160
1.182
1.201
1.217
1.233
1.248
1.262
1.271
1.279
1.287
1.295
1.302
1.309
1.316
1.325
1.339
1.356
1.365
1.378
1.397
Phase 2
1.25
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Carbon Monoxide
Comp-
osite
15.0
0.693
0.773
0.837
0.851
0.853
0.857
0.900
0.960
.034
.070
.076
.083
.102
.111
.114
.157
.344
.482
.530
.542
.553
.571
.595
.633
.685
.689
.693
.700
.723
.852
.872
.872
.872
.900
.917
1.944
2.000
2.060
2.064
2.076
2.104
2.117
2.125
2.130
2.138
2.152
2.170
2.188
2.200
2.212
2.212
2.221
2.222
2.227
2.236
2.243
2.262
2.271
2.284
2.299
2.308
2.326
2.330
2.331
2.344
2.347
2.355
2.395
2.451
2.508
2.590
2.660
2.749
2.913
Phase 2
12.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a .
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Comp-
osite
20.0
1.502
1.546
1.568
1.582
1.593
1.602
1.621
1.631
1.702
1.784
1.879
2.162
2.307
2.343
2.376
2.406
2.433
2.458
2.483
2.774
2.844
2.900
2.936
3.133
3.304
3.407
3.456
3.480
3.518
3.560
3.593
3.628
3.641
3.655
3.680
3.700
3.728
3.857
3.894
3.943
3.983
4.009
4.023
4.023
4.053
4.063
4.077
4.225
4.243
4.260
4.282
4.322
4.398
4.482
4.515
4.518
4.520
4.522
4.522
4.523
4.526
4.527
4.527
4.528
4.528
4.528
4.529
4.575
4.703
4.805
4.886
4.957
5.104
5.340
Phase 2
16.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Comp-
osite
30.0
3.804
3.985
4.215
4.440
4.579
4.688
4.749
4.783
4.813
4.876
5.104
5.217
5.383
5.571
5.888
6.199
6.245
6.318
6.418
6.540
6.690
6.875
7.029
7.129
7.359
7.722
8.017
8.249
8.425
8.563
8.686
8.804
8516
9.025
9.138
9.250
9.354
9.457
9.575
9.728
9538
10.140
10.222
10.261
10.278
10.290
10.715
10.790
10.844
10.921
11.010
11.090
11.136
11.136
11.165
11.191
11.205
11.211
11.211
11.211
11.211
11.220
11.294
11.332
11.355
11.383
11.410
11.433
11.516
11.820
12.104
12.344
12.781
13.472
Phase 2
24.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Oxides of Nitrogen
2.0
0.167
0.177
0.188
0.214
0.232
0.240
0.243
0.245
0.246
0.246
0.250
0.260
0.277
0.311
0.328
0.343
0.359
0.373
0.383
0.385
0.400
0.410
0.434
0.464
0.472
0.480
0.491
0.500
0.506
0.509
0.512
0.516
0.519
0.523
0.529
0.533
0.535
0.540
0.551
0.563
0.575
0.588
0.600
0.603
0.604
0.613
0.624
0.646
0.651
0.659
0.673
0.696
0.706
0.715
0.724
0.737
0.747
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.748
0.751
0.764
0.789
0.822
0.867
2.5
0.262
0.275
0.301
0.317
0.327
0.330
0.332
0.334
0.336
0.337
0.354
0.366
0.410
0.414
0.438
0.477
0.506
0.518
0.522
0.526
0.554
0.574
0.587
0.601
0.615
0.629
0.643
0.667
0.678
0.683
0.686
0.693
0.699
0.703
0.707
0.711
0.716
0.721
0.726
0.742
0.759
0.773
0.784
0.790
0.794
0.799
0.809
0.821
0.833
0.839
0.844
0.857
0.870
0.883
0.894
0.902
0.907
0.910
0.912
0.913
0.914
0.915
0.916
0.917
0.918
0.919
0.920
0.921
0.922
0.924
0.929
0.941
0.970
1.027
3.0
0.419
0.425
0.431
0.449
0.476
0.497
0.515
0.516
0.519
0.527
0.542
0.560
0.598
0.616
0.645
0.670
0.691
0.716
0.735
0.765
0.802
0.836
0.868
0.890
0.918
0.936
0.947
0.958
0.970
0.982
0.994
1.019
1.042
1.049
1.058
1.062
1.064
1.070
1.077
1.085
1.092
.101
.111
.121
.131
.141
.159
.164
.186
1.221
1.260
1.268
1.272
1.277
1.288
1.310
1.319
1.320
1.337
1.348
1.361
1.366
1.369
1.373
1.375
1.377
1.379
1.381
1.383
1.385
1.399
1.405
1.466
1.485
Eyap
System
Puree
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.41
Fast Pass Guidance
Page 4
-------
Appendix A
Appendix A
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
0.413 0.007
0.421 0.008
0.428 0.009
0.430 0.010
0.455 0.013
0.459 0.015
0.462 0.017
0.464 0.021
0.466 0.024
0.468 0.024
0.471 0.025
0.488 0.026
0.513 0.029
0.538 0.032
0.561 0.035
0.577 0.035
0.580 0.036
0.586 0.038
0.594 0.040
0.603 0.041
0.610 0.042
0.615 0.042
0.624 0.042
0.628 0.045
0.632 0.046
0.637 0.046
0.641 0.049
0.643 0.050
0.644 0.052
0.645 0.054
0.647 0.054
0.651 0.054
0.658 0.055
0.663 0.055
0.666 0.056
0.668 0.059
0.670 0.061
0.672 0.061
0.675 0.061
0.678 0.063
0.681 0.064
0.684 0.065
0.686 0.066
0.688 0.067
0.690 0.068
0.692 0.069
0.694 0.070
0.696 0.071
0.698 0.072
0.700 0.073
0.702 0.073
0.704 0.074
0.706 0.077
0.708 0.079
0.710 0.082
0.712 0.082
0.716 0.086
0.750 0.095
0.784 0.107
0.805 0.115
0.840 0.122
0.853 0.127
0.874 0.159
0.903 0.186
0.910 0.189
0.914 0.200
0.916 0.220
0.919 0.236
0.931 0.247
0.948 0.257
0.983 0.267
1.018 0.283
1.027 0.295
1.035 0.312
.051 0.318
.074 0.323
.084 0.337
.099 0.345
.121 0.350
.132 0359
.152 0.387
.161 0.398
0.853 0.016
0.871 0.017
0.887 0.022
0.899 0.029
0.931 0.036
0.947 0.040
0.957 0.047
0.965 0.052
0.971 0.056
0.977 0.061
0.983 0.064
1.003 0.072
1.030 0.081
1.041 0.082
1.050 0.083
1.052 0.092
1.055 0.094
1.061 0.097
1.071 0.100
1.081 0.103
.091 0.106
.102 0.108
.110 0.110
.116 0.112
.121 0.114
.125 0.116
.128 0.118
.130 0.120
.132 0.122
.134 0.123
.135 0.124
.143 0.127
.147 0.130
.156 0.134
.163 0.139
.186 0.146
.253 0.149
.262 0.151
.271 0.153
.277 0.155
.283 0.157
.291 0.162
.294 0.164
.296 0.166
.298 0.168
.303 0.169
.316 0.170
.330 0.171
.342 0.172
.348 0.173
.353 0.175
.362 0.178
.365 0.180
.366 0.189
.373 0.198
.397 0.203
.423 0.207
.440 0.214
.452 0.221
.465 0.229
.509 0.247
.533 0.274
.555 0.309
.576 0.318
.598 0.322
.618 0.333
1.636 0.343
1.666 0.356
1.685 0.385
1.726 0.409
1.742 0.433
1.756 0.453
1.769 0.463
.784 0.507
.802 0.523
.822 0.528
.843 0.541
.864 0.549
.884 0.559
.896 0.571
.915 0.584
.940 0.598
1.420
1.445
1.470
1.491
1.506
1.517
1.528
1.542
1.559
1.578
1.594
1.605
1.615
1.625
1.642
1.670
1.694
1.705
1.717
1.732
1.747
1.763
1.779
1.795
1.810
1.823
1.835
1.845
1.854
1.862
1.870
1.883
1.888
1.896
1.911
1.928
1.949
1.969
1.982
1.999
2.011
2.022
2.035
2.043
2.049
2.063
2.085
2.104
2.117
2.127
2.138
2.152
2.168
2.186
2.205
2.224
2.242
2.268
2.308
2.352
2.406
2.421
2.435
2.470
2.501
2.537
2.571
2.625
2.657
2.683
2.701
2.717
2.732
2.756
2.781
2.811
2.853
2.898
2.946
2.988
3.023
3.057
0.055
0.094
0.110
0.116
0.132
0.151
0.159
0.172
0.186
0.199
0.207
0.216
0.229
0.235
0.240
0.245
0.261
0.267
0.277
0.287
0.298
0.308
0.316
0.322
0.329
0.338
0.346
0.354
0.356
0.357
0.359
0.362
0.364
0.368
. 0.378
0.391
0.402
0.408
0.422
0.428
0.432
0.434
0.439
0.450
0.460
0.467
0.472
0.480
0.491
0.503
0.505
0.515
0.522
0.527
0.537
0.549
0.568
0.586
0.610
0.648
0.677
0.699
0.720
0.738
0.767
0.828
0.855
0.869
0.885
0.900
0.941
0.979
1.002
1.025
1.047
1.065
1.089
1.109
1.133
1.158
1.184
1.209
3.162
3.170
3.197
3.288
3.419
3.587
3.595
3.640
3.740
3.868
3.877
3.934
4.015
4.061
4.063
4.079
4.140
4.185
4.199
4.205
4.212
4.232
4.298
4.344
4.361
4.366
4.369
4.372
4.435
4.523
4.524
4.525
4.531
4.534
4.542
4.553
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.554
4.556
4.556
4.565
4.612
4.834
5.702
5.841
6.170
6.670
7.425
8.379
9.648
10.918
12.157
12.731
12.831
12.892
12.932
13.702
14.139
14.964
15.704
16.253
16.907
17.655
18.020
18.349
18.671
18.972
19.228
20.123
20.405
20.754
21.684
21.955
0.038
0.039
0.061
0.062
0.108
0.168
0.173
0.237
0.266
0.280
0.291
0.314
0.331
0.345
0.350
0.356
0.367
0.388
0.407
0.463
0.480
0.506
0.518
0.522
0.525
0.528
0.530
0.530
0.534
0.550
0.554
0.590
0.616
0.639
0.653
0.662
0.683
0.696
0.708
0.721
0.739
0.742
0.743
0.745
0.748
0.751
0.762
0.789
0.790
0.794
0.799
0.805
0.842
0.990
1.038
1.357
1.455
1.546
1.824
2.746
3.073
3.633
4.505
4.952
5.254
5.730
6.051
6.333
6.490
6.796
7.205
8.151
8.230
8.584
8.800
8.847
8.913
9.122
9.532
10.256
10.862
10.996
5.496
5.625
5.815
6.473
7.037
7.419
7.643
7.759
7.824
7.889
7.960
8.024
8.076
8.111
8.130
8.148
8.211
8.478
8.548
8.561
8.568
8.572
8.584
8.592
8.596
8.597
8.601
8.605
8.608
8.626
8.650
8.660
8.767
9.029
9.238
9.389
9.493
9.583
9.626
9.669
9.716
9.763
9.809
9.852
9.885
9.932
9.986
10.039
10.072
10.090
10.105
10.146
10.245
10.397
10.923
11.970
13.421
15.289
15.912
16.530
17.622
18.366
19.869
20.711
22.319
23.751
24.842
25.410
25.798
26.122
26.353
26.638
27.219
27.279
27.320
27.352
27.822
28.763
29.402
29.971
30.276
30.988
0.094
0.122
0.151
0.191
0.234
0.246
0.257
0.286
0.379
0.425
0.457
0.477
0.494
0.504
0.512
0.519
0.529
0.529
0.530
0.531
0.532
0.533
0.548
0.610
0.614
0.622
0.631
0.640
0.646
0.650
0.652
0.738
0.754
0.780
0.795
0.804
0.810
0.815
0.818
0.821
0.825
0.840
0.847
0.855
0.865
0.874
0.891
0.914
0.929
0.937
0.942
0.949
1.375
1.576
1.943
2.820
3.281
3.483
3.620
4.168
4.338
4.682
5.633
6.137
6.853
7.136
7.320
7.685
8.052
8.344
8.602
8.898
9.251
10.253
10.828
10.933
11.060
11.188
11.345
11.733
12.598
12.953
14.405
14.808
14.965
15.121
15.372
15.530
15.687
16.018
16.527
16.810
16.961
17.120
17.135
17.249
17.451
17.509
17.605
17.734
18.049
18.447
18.592
18.657
18.796
18.952
19.137
.19.329
19.519
19.707
19.882
19.905
20.049
20.460
20.746
21.068
21.380
21.748
22.046
22.348
22.397
22.407
22.417
22.922
22.951
22.976
23.017
23.073
23.161
23.218
23.253
23.337
23.425
23.534
23.652
23.739
24.606
25.615
26.073
28.496
29.772
31.056
33.351
34.890
35.937
37.012
37.892
39.028
40.406
41.379
42.033
42.432
42.742
43.399
43.895
44.227
44.926
45.256
45.553
45.753
46.210
47.017
48.185
48.741
0.582
0.800
0.925
0.973
1.091
1.113
1.213
1.344
1.399
1.520
1.640
1.684
1.693
1.786
2.007
2.084
2.179
2.264
2.328
2.375
2.437
2.543
2.593
2.641
2.663
2.672
2.676
2.683
2.817
2.992
3.111
3.234
3.304
3.310
3.320
3.354
3.436
3.443
3.452
3.490
3.552
3.588
3.600
3.616
3.627
3.636
3.676
3.882
4.011
4.047
4.067
4.081
4.116
4.251
5.099
5.383
6.362
7.926
8.429
9.201
10.825
12.291
13.366
14.428
15.318
15.699
16.073
16.475
17.158
17.532
17.965
18.242
18.283
18.480
19.576
20.015
20.203
20.433
21.025
21.882
22.204
22.859
0.905
0.925
0.955
0.985
0.993
0.995
0.996
1.010
1.028
1.034
1.044
1.059
1.075
1.080
1.080
1.081
1.091
1.096
1.111
1.122
1.135
1.138
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.139
1.160
1.174
1.183
1.197
1.223
1.255
1.272
1.286
1.304
1.307
1.312
1.317
1.321
1.325
1.328
1.332
1.338
.1.344
1.350
1.357
1.365
1.379
1.414
1.466
1.514
1.559
1.591
1.641
1.719
1.777
1.832
1.919
1.972
1013
2.100
2.200
2.251
2.270
2.301
2.318
2.335
2.349
2.387
2.423
2.462
2.503
2.545
2.586
2.627
2.673
.093
.155
.234
.275
.305
.320
.332
.346
1.358
1.378
1.406
1.426
1.438
1.448
1.460
1.462
1.467
1.476
1.494
1.505
1.517
1.546
1.569
1.586
1.596
1.603
1.605
1.606
1.607
1.607
1.608
1.614
1.616
1.631
1.643
1.656
1.673
1.703
1.739
1.767
1.774
1.785
1.806
1.830
1.844
1.845
1.846
1.852
1.868
1.877
1.879
1.886
1.900
1.910
1.936
1.954
1.986
2.050
2.131
2.235
2.320
2.395
2.488
2.563
2.645
2.746
2.778
2.792
2.810
2.847
2.874
2.905
2.950
3.001
3.047
3.104
3.173
3.238
3.302
3.372
3.452
3.545
1.546
1.623
1.699
1.760
1.788
1.798
1.842
1.864
1.888
1.905
1.920
1.926
1.939
1.958
1.972
1.981
1.987
1.991
1.996
2.012
2.040
2.060
2.069
2.092
2.114
2.132
2.144
1152
2.157
2.160
1163
1165
1168
1171
2.186
1235
1298
2.333
2.373
2.406
2.416
2.420
2.424
2.435
2.455
2.471
2.484
1495
1509
2.522
1533
2.541
2.552
2.589
2.631
2.704
2.758
2.802
2.904
2.960
3.027
3.127
3.187
3.306
3.384
3.467
3.565
3.640
3.718
3.781
3.827
3.852
3.903
3.930
3.970
4.015
4.074
4.159
4.230
4.286
4.334
4.388
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.53
0.53
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.55
0.55
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.57
0.57
0.58
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.60
0.60
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.62
0.62
0.63
0.63
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.66
0.67
0.67
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
Fast Pass Guidance
Page 5
-------
Appendix A
Appendix A
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
1.168 0.400
1.175 0.402
1.181 0.405
1.188 0.418
1.203 0.429
1.219 0.442
1.233 0.457
1.251 0.473
1.255 0.487
1.258 0.501
1.265 0.510
1.280 0.512
1.293 0.514
1.301 0.516
1.313 0.518
1.324 0.527
1.332 0.540
1.341 0.547
1.357 0.553
1.375 0.559
1.392 0.563
1.408 0.567
1.422 0.571
1.433 0.575
1.443 0.579
1.453 0.595
1.463 0.605
1.468 0.614
1.470 0.622
1.474 0.627
1.478 0.638
1.481 0.643
1.484 0.643
1.487 0.645
1.490 0.651
1.493 0.655
1.504 0.663
1.522 0.671
1.547 0.675
1.549 0.684
1.562 0.694
1.574 0.701
1.579 0.702
.584 0.708
.589 0.708
.590 0.709
.596 0.710
.598 0.710
.604 0.711
1.610 0.712
1.612 0.712
1.613 0.712
1.614 0.713
1.615 0.716
1.958 0.613
1.972 0.624
1.985 0.629
1.991 0.629
1.993 0.638
1.995 0.648
2.001 0.659
2.015 0.663
2.031 0.671
2.047 0.681
2.063 0.693
2.079 0.709
2.094 0.725
2.109 0.740
2.122 0.754
2.130 0.767
2.137 0.775
2.157 0.787
2.172 0.795
2.194 0.803
2.222 0.854
2.245 0.859
2.268 0.872
2.279 0.892
2.288 0.896
2.301 0.903
2.316 0.924
2.332 0.938
2.345 0.941
2.354 0.951
2.362 0.966
2.368 0.975
2.376 0.980
2.384 0.981
2.391 1.005
2.395 1.016
2.400 1.022
2.405 1.028
2.409 1.035
2.413 1.041
2.415 1.045
2.417 1.051
2.419 1.055
2.420 1.059
2.421 1.062
2.423 1.063
2.425 1.063
2.427 1.063
2.429 1.064
2.430 1.064
2.431 1.066
2.432 1.069
2.433 1.072
2.434 1.075
3.076
3.101
3.120
3.136
3.151
3.163
3.209
3.223
3.237
3.263
3.302
3.338
3.372
3.390
3.428
3.470
3.493
3.509
3.522
3.533
3.550
3.578
3.607
3.630
3.658
3.701
3.745
3.778
3.814
3.825
3.835
3.844
3.853
3.864
3.874
3.891
3.928
3.966
4.008
4.010
4.012
4.016
4.019
4.057
4.065
4.071
4.073
4.075
4.077
4.079
4.081
4.083
4.084
4.085
1.222
1.231
1.239
1.254
1.278
1.300
1.313
1.324
1.340
1.367
1.387
1.402
1.417
1.432
1.446
1.460
1.477
1.492
1.501
1.510
1.522
1.561
.585
.597
.607
.627
.645
.656
.663
1.669
1.674
1.685
1.700
1.704
1.706
1.709
1.711
1.714
1.718
1.721
1.723
1.726
1.729
1.731
1.733
1.735
1.743
1.749
1.753
1.757
1.762
1.767
1.772
1.776
22.650
22.989
23.535
23.876
24.018
24.464
24.685
24.931
25.188
25.468
25.627
25.746
25.850.
25.974
26.141
26.225
26.338
26.547
26.818
27.052
27.393
27.501
27.632
27.803
27.953
28.205
28.543
28.997
29.000
29.005
29.081
29.281
29.483
29.734
29.803
29.821
29.847
29.862
29.873
30.008
30.126
30.127
30.127
30.208
30.314
30.323
30.325
30.368
30.411
30.416
30.428
30.430
30.452
30.488
11.206
11.514
11.894
12.019
12.170
12.517
12.598
12.625
11653
12.777
12.906
12.989
13.060
13.165
13.242
13.412
13.662
13.773
13.942
14.090
14.224
14.426
14.498
14.776
14.907
14.916
15.014
15.221
15.472
15.555
15.652
15.969
16.028
16.375
16.487
16.524
16.578
16.684
16.755
16.770
16.805
16.865
16.960
16.960
16.962
16.988
17.072
17.094
17.184
17.187
17.188
17.189
17.241
17.370
31.095
31.314
31.833
32.239
32.547
32.855
33.153
33.444
33.482
33.516
33.549
33.653
33.973
34.159
34.191
34.250
34.469
34.716
34.969
35.144
35.418
35.766
35.949
36.010
36.548
37.179
37.651
38.041
38.591
38.852
38.861
38.926
39.194
39.474
39.668
39.781
39.890
39.954
39.984
39.989
39.990
39.990
39.990
39.991
40.012
40.061
40.116
40.249
40.253
40.290
40.385
40.488
40.720
40.763
13.213
14.131
14.839
15.137
15.138
15.141
15.595
15.658
15.704
15.729
16.058
16.987
17.064
17.073
17.153
17.332
17.406
17.641
17.922
18.484
18.553
18.658
18.953
19.266
19.309
19.731
19.902
20.012
20.260
20.739
21.346
21.810
22.001
22.290
22.324
22.343
22.522
22.661
22.666
22.667
22.668
22.669
22.670
22.671
22.671
22.672
22.673
22.673
22.673
22.674
22.675
22.675
22.675
22.677
49.462
50.313
51.285
52.076
52.857
52.876
53.067
53.777
54.242
54.489
54.601
54.912
55.588
56.266
56.617
56.863
57.204
57.371
57.487
57.728
58.097
58.572
59.024
59.321
59.715
60.045
60.453
60.935
61.307
61.666
62.148
62.532
62.546
62.559
62.570
62.846
63.097
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.150
63.153
63.159
63.173
63.193
63.214
63.233
23.53J
24.281
25.078
25.276
25.578
25.859
25.985
26.153
26.582
27.067
27.456
27.805
28.070
28.590
28.914
29.063
29.502
29.697
29.713
29.783
29.942
30.284
30.755
31.287
31.549
31.820
32.250
32.546
32.808
33.060
33.204
33.341
33.414
33.514
33.640
33.692
33.711
33.733
33.770
33.796
33.810
33.821
33.839
33.865
33.894
33.918
33.944
33.985
34.014
34.032
34.051
34.067
34.079
34.085
2.749
2.804
2.851
2.894
2.931
2.971
3.020
3.077
3.132
3.185
3.219
3.268
3.299
3.350
3.406
3.466
3.497
3.514
3.517
3.519
3.523
3.545
3.570
3.600
3.619
3.639
3.686
3.732
3.791
3.833
3.890
3.932
3.960
3.997
4.013
4.035
4.038
4.050
4.066
4.070
4.072
4.072
4.073
4.073
4.073
4.073
4.074
4.074
4.075
4.075
4.076
4.076
4.076
4.076
3.648
3.701
3.759
3.821
3.870
3.892
3.914
3.955
3.997
4.035
4.089
4.146
4.206
4.243
4.295
4.351
4.398
4.410
4.419
4.426
4.429
4.453
4.486
4.542
4.598
4.638
4.715
4.774
4.829
4.872
4.931
4.960
4.963
4.965
4.968
4.971
4.974
4.977
4.979
4.980
4.981
4.982
4.983
4.984
4.985
4.986
4.987
4.988
4.989
4.990
4.991
4.992
4.993
4.994
4.447
4.505
4.561
4.625
4.696
4.731
4.780
4.837
4.876
4.928
4.972
5.025
5.104
5.189
5.275
5.336
5.366
5.387
5.427
5.444
5.447
5.477
5.520
5.560
5.603
5.657
5.698
5.762
5.827
5.849
5.884
5.908
5.921
5.931
5.939
5.947
5.952
5.955
5.957
5.959
5.961
5.963
5.966
5.971
5.977
5.984
5.990
5.997
6.004
6.012
6.024
6.037
6.049
6.060
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.72
0.73
0.73
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
Fast Pass Guidance
Page 6
-------
Appendix B
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Corresponding to Composite Start-up Emission Standards
in §85.2205(a)(2)(i) and §85.2205(a)(2)(ii)
Light Duty Vehicles
Sec
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Low Altitude
1981-1982
HC
0.330
0.342
0.353
0.364
0.375
0.386
0.398
0.409
0.420
0.431
0.443
0.458
0.474
0.489
0.505
0.521
0.535
0.550
0.565
0.580
0.594
0.611
0.628
0.644
0.661
0.678
0.691
0.705
0.718
0.731
0.745
0.758
0.772
0.786
0.799
0.813
0.827
0.841
0.855
0.869
0.883
0.894
0.905
0.917
0.928
0.939
0.953
0.967
0.981
0.994
1.008
CO
4.189
4.278
4.366
4.455
4.544
4.633
4.728
4.823
4.917
5.012
5.107
5.429
5.751
6.073
6.395
6.717
6.985
7.254
7.522
7.791
8.060
8.511
8.962
9.413
9.865
10.316
10.818
11.320
11.822
12.325
12.827
13.228
13.629
14.029
14.430
14.831
15.046
15.261
15.476
15.692
15.907
16.118
16.330
16.542
16.753
16.965
17.199
17.432
17.666
17.900
18.133
NOx
0.250
0.267
0.283
0.300
0.316
0.333
0.336
0.339
0.342
0.345
0.348
0.371
0.394
0.418
0.441
0.465
0.480
0.496
0.512
0.527
0.543
0.567
0.590
0.613
0.637
0.660
0.675
0.689
0.703
0.718
0.732
0.743
0.754
0.764
0.775
0.786
0.794
0.803
0.811
0.820
0.828
0.838
0:848
0.858
0.868
0.878
0.891
0.904
0.917
0.930
0.944
Low Altitude
1983-1990
HC
0.330
0.342
0.353
0.365
0.376
0.388
0.399
0.410
0.420
0.431
0.442
0.458
0.473
0.489
0.505
0.520
0.536
0.552
0.568
0.584
0.600
0.617
0.633
0.649
0.665
0.681
0.696
0.710
0.725
0.740
0.754
0.767
0.780
0.794
0.807
0.820
0.833
0.846
0.859
0.872
0.885
0.896
0.906
0.917
0.928
0.939
0.952
0.965
0.978
0.991
1.004
CO
1.941
1.983
2.025
2.067
2.108
2.150
2.230
2.310
2.390
2.471
2.551
2.738
2.926
3.114
3.302
3.489
3.589
3.688
3.787
3.887
3.986
4.029
4.072
4.115
4.157
4.200
4.263
4.326
4.388
4.451
4.514
4.589
4.664
4.740
4.815
4.891
4.945
4.999
5.053
5.107
5.162
5.226
5.291
5.356
5.421
5.486
5.553
5.620
5.687
5.754
5.821
NOx
0.251
0.268
0.285
0.302
0.320
0.337
0.339
0.342
0.344
0.347
0.349
0.373
0.397
0.422
0.446
0.470
0.486
0.501
0.517
0.533
0.549
0.571
0.594
0.616
0.638
0.661
0.676
0.691
0.707
0.722
0.737
0.748
0.758
0.769
0.780
0.790
0.799
0.808
0.817
0.826
0.835
0.846
0.857
0.868
0.878
0.889
0.900
0.911
0.922
0.933
0.944
Low Altitude
1991-1995
HC
0.174
0.179
0.184
0.189
0.194
0.199
0.201
0.203
0.205
0.207
0.209
0.214
0.219
0.224
0.228
0.233
0.238
0.244
0.250
0.255
0.261
0.268
0.275
0.282
0.290
0.297
0.302
0.306
0.311
0.316
0.320
0.323
0.326
0.329
0.332
0.335
0.340
0.345
0.350
0.355
0.360
0.364
0.367
0.371
0.375
0.378
0.387
0.396
0.405
0.414
0.423
CO
1.307
1.329
1.350
1.372
1.394
1.416
1.453
1.490
1.527
1.565
.602
.642
.682
.722
.763
.803
.867
.932
.997
2.061
2.126
2.152
2.179
2.205
2.232
2.258
2.348
2.437
2.526
2.616
2.705
2.726
2.746
2.767
2.787
2.808
2.812
2.816
2.820
2.825
2.829
2.847
2.865
2.884
2.902
2.921
2.982
3.044
3.106
3.167
3.229
NOx
0.222
0.246
0.270
0.294
0.318
0.342
0.345
0.348
0.350
0.353
0.356
0.373
0.390
0.407
0.425
0.442
0.465
0.487
0.510
0.533
0.555
0.573
0.590
0.608
0.625
0.643
0.654
0.666
0.677
0.688
0.700
0.707
0.714
0.722
0.729
0.736
0.742
0.747
0.753
0.758
0.764
0.783
0.802
0.822
0.841
0.860
0.874
0.888
0.902
0.916
0.930
High Altitude
1982
HC
0.330
0.342
0.353
0.364
0.375
0.386
0.398
0.409
0.420
0.431
0.443
0.458
0.474
0.489
0.505
0.521
0.535
0.550
0.565
0.580
0.594
0.611
0.628
0.644
0.661
0.678
0.691
0.705
0.718
0.731
0.745
0.758
0.772
0.786
0.799
0.813
0.827
0.841
0.855
0.869
0.883
0.894
0.905
0.917
0.928
0.939
0.953
0.967
0.981
0.994
1.008
CO
7.391
7.667
7.944
8.220
8.497
8.773
9.011
9.249
9.488
9.726
9.964
10.527
11.090
11.652
12.215
12.778
13.265
13.751
14.238
14.724
15.211
15.550
15.889
16.228
16.567
16.907
17.199
17.492
17.785
18.078
18.371
18.609
18.847
19.085
19.323
19.562
19.887
20.213
20.539
20.865
21.191
21.396
21.602
21.808
22.013
22.219
22.685
23.151
23.617
24.083
24.549
NOx
0.250
0.267
0.283
0.300
0.316
0.333
0.336
0.339
0.342
0.345
0.348
0.371
0.394
0.418
0.441
0.465
0.480
0.496
0.512
0.527
0.543
0.567
0.590
0.613
0.637
0.660
0.675
0.689
0.703
0.718
0.732
0.743
0.754
0.764
0.775
0.786
0.794
0.803
0.811
0.820
0.828
0.838
0.848
0.858
0.868
0.878
0.891
0.904
0.917
0.930
0.944
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 2
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
1.019
1.031
1.042
1.053
1.065
1.072
.079
.086
.093
.099
.107
.114
.121
.128
.135
.149
.162
1.176
1.189
1.203
1.223
1.244
1.264
1.285
1.305
1.319
1.333
1.346
1.360
1.374
1.385
1.396
1.407
1.417
1.428
1.437
1.446
1.455
1.464
1.472
1.488
1.503
1.518
1.534
1.549
1.559
1.569
1.579
1.590
1.600
1.612
1.624
1.635
1.647
1.659
1.676
1.693
1.709
1.726
1.743
1.756
18.182
18.231
18.280
18.329
18.378
18.393
18.408
18.423
18.438
18.453
18.467
18.481
18.495
18.509
18.523
18.681
18.840
18.998
19.157
19.315
20.090
20.864
21.639
22.414
23.189
23.461
23.733
24.006
24.278
24.550
24.846
25.141
25.437
25.732
26.028
26.045
26.062
26.079
26.096
26.114 '
26.293
26.472
26.651
26.830
27.010
27.151
27.292
27.433
27.575
27.716
27.878
28.040
28.202
28.365
28.527
28.833
29.140
29.446
29.753
30.060
30.160
0.951
0.958
0.965
0.972
0.979
0.980
0.981
0.982
0.983
0.983
0.984
0.985
0.985
0.986
0.986
0.992
0.997
1.002
1.008
1.013
1.049
1.085
1.121
1.157
1.193
1.224
1.255
1.286
1.317
1.348
1.356
1.363
1.371
1.378
1.386
1.388
1.389
1.391
1.393
1.394
1.408
1.422
1.435
1.449
1.463
1.471
1.479
1.487
1.495
1.502
1.506
1.509
1.512
1.515
1.519
1.542
1.566
1.589
1.613
1.636
1.651
1.015
1.026
1.037
1.048
1.059
1.067
1.075
1.083
1.091
1.099
.106
.114
.122
.129
.137
.150
.163
.176
.189
.202
.224
1.245
1.266
1.287
1.309
1.323
1.338
1.352
1.367
1.382
1.394
1.406
1.418
1.430
1.442
1.451
1.460
1.469
1.479
1.488
1.501
1.514
1.527
1.540
1.553
1.563
1.572
1.582
1.592
1.601
1.615
1.628
1.642
1.655
1.669
1.685
1.700
1.716
1.732
1.747
1.762
5.842
5.863
5.883
5.904
5.925
5.970
6.015
6.060
6.105
6.151
6.185
6.219
6.253
6.287
6.321
6.489
6.657
6.825
6.992
7.160
7.269
7.378
7.487
7.596
7.705
7.835
7.965
8.095
8.225
8.355
8.414
8.472
8.531
8.590
8.649
8.735
8.821
8.907
8.992
9.078
9.152
9.227
9.301
9.375
9.449
9.519
9.590
9.661
9.731
9.802
9.849
9.895
9.942
9.989
10.035
10.104
10.173
10.241
10.310
10.378
10.506
0.951
0.959
0.966
0.973
0.980
0.981
0.982
0.982
0.983
0.984
0.985
0.986
0.986
0.987
0.988
0.993
0.999
1.004
1.009
1.014
1.049
1.084
1.119
1.154
1.189
1.215
1.241
1.267
1.293
1.319
1.327
1.336
1.345
1.354
1.363
1.364
1.365
1.366
1.368
1.369
1.385
1.401
1.417
1.434
1.450
1.458
1.467
1.475
1.484
.492
.496
.500
.504
.508
.512
1.534
1.557
1.580
1.603
1.626
1.640
0.428
0.432
0.437
0.441
0.445
0.448
0.452
0.455
0.458
0.462
0.463
0.464
0.465
0.466
0.468
0.472
0.477
0.481
0.486
0.490
0.499
0.509
0.518
0.527
0.537
0.541
0.545
0.548
0.552
0.556
0.562
0.568
0.574
0.580
0.586
0.590
0.593
0.597
0.600
0.604
0.610
0.615
0.621
0.627
0.632
0.636
0.639
0.642
0.645
0.648
0.653
0.657
0.661
0.666
0.670
0.678
0.685
0.693
0.700
0.708
0.716
3.240
3.250
3.261
3.271
3.281
3.290
3.298
3.306
3.315
3.323
3.360
3.397
3.434
3.470
3.507
3.536
3.565
3.594
3.623
3.651
3.685
3.719
3.753
3.787
3.821
3.842
3.863
3.884
3.904
3.925
3.931
3.937
3.943
3.949
3.956
3.975
3.995
4.015
4.035
4.055
4.152
4.250
4.348
4.445
4.543
4.567
4.592
4.617
4.641
4.666
4.685
4.704
4.724
4.743
4.762
4.785
4.807
4.830
4.853
4.875
4.886
0.945
0.959
0.973
0.987
1.002
1.003
1.004
1.005
1.006
1.007
1.008
1.008
1.009
1.009
1.010
1.011
1.012
1.013
1.014
1.015
1.042
1.069
1.097
1.124
1.151
1.194
1.237
1.280
1.323
1.366
1.368
1.371
1.374
1.377
1.380
1.380
1.381
1.382
1.383
1.383
1.400
1.417
1.433
1.450
1.466
1.470
1.473
1.476
1.479
1.482
1.483
1.485
1.486
1.488
1.489
1.507
1.524
1.541
1.559
1.576
1.592
1.019
1.031
1.042
1.053
1.065
1.072
1.079
1.086
1.093
1.099
.107
.114
.121
.128
.135
.149
.162
.176
.189
.203
.223
1.244
1.264
1.285
1.305
1.319
1.333
1.346
1.360
1.374
1.385
1.396
.407
.417
.428
.437
.446
.455
.464
.472
.488
.503'
.518
1.534
1.549
1.559
1.569
1.579
.590
.600
.612
.624
.635
.647
.659
.676
.693
.709
.726
.743
.756
24.570
24.591
24.612
24.633
24.654
24.666
24.678
24.690
24.703
24.715
24.737
24.758
24.780
24.801
24.823
25.193
25.563
25.933
26.303
26.672
27.821
28.969
30.117
31.265
32.414
33.103
33.792
34.481 .
35.170
35.859
36.177
36.495
36.813
37.132
37.450
37.554
37.658
37.761
37.865
37.969
38.310
38.650
38.990
39.330
39.671
39.865
40.059
40.254
40.448
40.642
40.790
40.937
41.084
41.231
41.379
42.023
42.668
43.312
43.957
44.602
45.010
0.951
0.958
0.965
0.972
0.979
0.980
0.981
0.982
0.983
0.983
0.984
0.985
0.985
0.986
0.986
0.992
0.997
1.002
1.008
1.013
1.049
1.085
1.121
1.157
1.193
1.224
1.255
1.286
1.317
1.348
1.356
1.363
1.371
1.378
1.386
1.388
1.389
1.391
1.393
1.394
1.408
1.422
1.435
1.449
1.463
1.471
1.479
1.487
1.495
1.502
1.506
1.509
1.512
1.515
1.519
1.542
1.566
1.589
1.613
1.636
1.651
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 3
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
1.770
1.783
1.797
1.810
1.822
1.834
1.846
1.858
1.869
1.880
1.890
1.900
1.910
1.920
1.949
1.977
2.006
2.034
2.063
2.105
2.147
2.190
2.232
2.275
2.304
2.333
2.362
2.391
2.420
2.451
2.481
2.512
2.542
2.573
2.598
2.623
2.648
2.674
2.699
2.726
2.753
2.780
2.807
2.834
2.861
2.888
2.915
2.942
2.969
2.994
3.019
3.044
3.070
3.095
3.120
3.145
3.169
3.194
3.219
3.242
3.266
30.260
30.361
30.461
30.562
30.592
30.622
30.653
30.683
30.713
30.741
30.768
30.796
30.823
30.850
32.415
33.980
35.545
37.110
38.674
41.040
43.405
45.770
48.136
50.501
52.979
55.458
57.937
60.415
62.894
63.874
64.855
65.835
66.815
67.796
68.919
70.042
71.165
'72.287
73.410
74.714
76.017
77.320
78.623
79.927
81.488
83.049
84.611
86.172
87.733
88.668
89.603
90.538
91.473
92.407
93.768
95.129
96.490
97.851
99.212
99.878
100.544
1.666
1.681
1.696
1.711
1.720
1.730
1.740
.750
.760
.767
.775
.783
1.791
1.798
1.828
1.858
1.888
1.918
1.948
2.043
2.138
2.234
2.329
2.424
2.509
2.593
2.678
2.762
2.847
2.890
2.933
2.976
3.019
3.062
3.122
3.181
3.240
3.300
3.359
3.432
3.504
3.576
3.648
3.720
3.804
3.889
3.973
4.057
4.141
4.196
4.250
4.304
4.358
4.412
4.485
4.558
4.630
4.703
4.775
4.821
4.867
.777
.791
.806
.821
.830
.840
1.850
1.860
1.869
1.879
1.890
1.900
1.910
1.920
1.945
1.971
1.996
2.022
2.047
2.092
2.137
2.182
2.227
2.272
2.300
2.328
2.356
2.385
2.413
2.442
2.472
2.502
2.532
2.562
2.588
2.615
2.641
2.668
2.694
2.718
2.743
2.767
2.791
2.816
2.843
2.869
2.896
2.923
2.950
2.975
3.001
3.027
3.052
3.078
3.105
3.132
3.159
3.186
3.213
3.234
3.255
10.633
10.761
10.888
11.016
11.101
11.187
11.273
11.359
11.445-
11.504
11.564
11.624
11.683
11.743
12.434
13.125
13.816
14.507
15.198
16.627
18.056
19.485
20.914
22.343
23.672
25.002
26.331
27.660
28.989
29.484
29.978
30.473
30.967
31.462
32.216
32.970
33.725
34.479
35.233
35.950
36.666
37.382
38.099
38.815
39.562
40.309
41.056
41.803
42.550
43.279
44.008
44.737
45.466
46.195
46.747
47.299
47.852
48.404
48.957
49.204
49.451
1.655
1.669
1.684
1.699
1.709
1.720
1.730
1.741
1.752
1.759
1.767
1.775
1.783
1.790
1.821
1.852
1.883
1.913
1.944
2.038
2.133
2.227
2.321
2.415
2.502
2.589
2.676
2.763
2.849
2.892
2.934
2.976
3.019
3.061
3.119
3.178
3.236
3.295
3.353
3.424
3.495
3.567
3.638
3.709
3.795
3.880
3.965
4.051
4.136
4.190
4.243
4.297
4.351
4.404
4.477
4.549
4.622
4.694
4.767
4.812
4.858
0.723
0.731
0.738
0.746
0.751
0.755
0.760
0.765
0.770
0.775
0.780
0.785
0.791
0.796
0.819
0.842
0.865
0.888
0.911
0.951
0.992
1.032
1.073
1.113
1.163
1.213
1.263
1.313
1.363
1.386
1.410
1.433
1.457
1.480
1.494
1.508
1.522
.536
.550
.565
.580
.595
.610
.624
.639
1.654
1.668
1.683
1.697
1.711
1.724
1.737
1.750
1.763
1.778
1.793
1.808
1.823
1.838
1.858
1.877
4.897
4.908
4.918
4.929
4.954
4.979
5.004
5.029
5.054
5.060
5.065
5.070
5.075
5.080
5.150
5.220
5.290
5.360
5.430
7.045
8.661
10.276
11.891
13.506
14.131
14.755
15.380
16.004
16.628
16.692
16.756
16.820
16.883
16.947
17.044
17.141
17.238
17.335
17.431
17.453
17.475
17.497
17.519
17.540
17.816
18.091
18.366
18.641
18.916
19.891
20.866
21.840
22.815
23.790
24.992
26.194
27.396
28.597
29.799
29.975
30.152
1.608
1.624
1.640
1.656
1.663
1.671
1.679
1.687
1.694
1.711
1.727
1.743
1.760
1.776
1.813
1.850
1.887
1.924
1.961
2.030
2.099
2.168
2.237
2.306
2.357
2.409
2.460
2.512
2.564
2.603
2.643
2.683
2.723
2.762
2.809
2.856
2.903
2.949 '
2.996
3.040
3.084
3.129
3.173
3.217
3.277
3.337
3.397
3.457
3.518
3.565
3.612
3.658
3.705
3.752
3.794
3.836
3.877
3.919
3.960
4.004
4.047
.770
.783
.797
.810
.822
.834
.846
.858
.869
.880
.890
.900
.910
.920
.949
1.977
2.006
2.034
2.063
2.105
2.147
2.190
2.232
2.275
2.304
2.333
2.362
2.391
2.420
2.451
2.481
2.512
2.542
2.573
2.598
2.623
2.648
2.674
2.699
2.726
2.753
2.780
2.807
2.834
2.861
2.888
2.915
2.942
2.969
2.994
3.019
3.044
3.070
3.095
3.120
3.145
3.169
3.194
3.219
3.242
3.266
45.419
45.828
46.237
46.646
46.945
47.244
47.544
47.843
48.143
48.423
48.704
48.984
49.265
49.545
50.517
51.489
52.461
53.433
54.406
56.279
58.152
60.026
61.899
63.773
65.726
67.678
69.631
71.584
73.536
75.553
77.570
79.587
81.604
83.621
85.074
86.528
87.981
89.434
90.888
92.421
93.953
95.486
97.019
98.552
100.583
102.615
104.646
106.677
108.709
110.057
111.405
112.753
114.101
115.449
116.561
117.674
118.786
119.899
121.011
121.695
122.378
1.666
1.681
1.696
1.711
1.720
1.730
1.740
1.750
1.760
1.767
1.775
1.783
1.791
1.798
1.828
1.858
1.888
1.918
1.948
2.043
2.138
2.234
2.329
2.424
2.509
2.593
2.678
2.762
2.847
2.890
2.933
2.976
3.019
3.062
3.122
3.181
3.240
3.300
3.359
3.432
3.504
3.576
3.648
3.720
3.804
3.889
3.973
4.057
4.141
4.196
4.250
4.304
4.358
4.412
4.485
4.558
4.630
4.703
4.775
4.821
4.867
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 4
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
3.289
3.312
3.335
3.362
3.388
3.415
3.441
3.468
3.488
3.509
3.530
3.550
3.571
3.591
3.612
3.632
3.652
3.672
3.693
3.714
3.736
3.757
3.778
3.795
3.811
3.828
3.845
3.862
3.873
3.884
3.896
3.907
3.918
3.924
3.930
3.935
3.941
3.947
101.210
101.876
102.542
103.507
104.472
105.437
106.402
107.366
108.519
109.671
110.823
111.976
113.128
113.763
114.398
115.033
115.668
116.304
116.644
116.984
117.324
117.663
118.003
118.158
118.312
118.466
118.621
118.775
118.885
118.995
119.105
119.215
119.325
119.407
119.488
119.570
119.651
119.733
4.914
4.960
5.006
5.037
5.069
5.101
5.132
5.164
5.234
5.304
5.374
5.444
5.514
5.564
5.613
5.663
5.713
5.763
5.775
5.787
5.799
5.811
5.823
5.828
5.833
5.838
5.842
5.847
5.852
5.856
5.860
5.865
5.869
5.874
5.878
5.883
5.887
5.892
3:277
3.298
3.320
3.346
3.373
3.399
3.426
3.452
3.472
3.492
3.513
3.533
3.553
3.571
3.589
3.608
3.626
3.644
3.669
3.693
3.717
3.741
3.766
3.782
3.798
3.815
3.831
3.848
3.858
3.868
3.879
3.889
3.900
3.907
3.913
3.920
3.927
3.934
49.698
49.945
50.192
50.698
51.205
51.711
52.218
52.724
53.327
53.931
54.534
55.137
55.740
56.057
56.373
56.689
57.005
57.321
57.474
57.626
57.779
57.931
58.084
58.158
58.232
58.307
58.381
58.455
58.534
58.612
58.690
58.769
58.847
58.990
59.132
59.275
59.418
59.560
4.904
4.950
4.996
5.029
5.063
5.097
5.130
5.164
5.233
5.303
5.372
5.442
5.511
5.559
5.606
5.654
5.701
5.749
5.761
5.773
5.785
5.797
5.809
5.814
5.820
5.825
5.830
5.835
5.840
5.845
5.850
5.855
5.860
5.865
5.869
5.874
5.878
5.883
1.897
1.916
1.936
1.948
1.961
1.973
1.986
1.998
2.006
2.015
2.023
2.031
2.039
2.044
2.048
2.053
2.058
2.062
2.076
2.089
2.103
2.117
2.130
2.160
2.190
2.219
2.249
2.278
2.285
2.292
2.299
2.306
2.313
2.315
2.318
2.320
2.322
2.325
30.328
30.504
30.680
30.747
30.813
30.879
30.946
31.012
32.744
34.476
36.207
37.939
39.671
39.822
39.973
40.125
40.276
40.427
40.526
40.626
40.725
40.825
40.924
40.962
41.000
41.038
41.076
41.114
41.142
41.171
41.199
41.228
41.256
41.285
41.313
41.341
41.369
41.397
4.090
4.133
4.176
4.193
4.209
4.225
4.241
4.257
4.311
4.365
4.419
4.473
4.527
4.565
4.602
4.640
4.677
4.715
4.724
4.732
4.741
4.750
4.759
4.764
4.770
4.775
4.781
4.786
4.790
4.794
4.797
4.801
4.805
4.808
4.812
4.815
4.818
4.822
3.289
3.312
3.335
3.362
3.388
3.415
3.441
3.468
3.488
3.509
3.530
3.550
3.571
3.591
3.612
3.632
3.652
3.672
3.693
3.714
3.736
3.757
3.778
3.795
3.811
3.828
3.845
3.862
3.873
3.884
3.896
3.907
3.918
3.924
3.930
3.935
3.941
3.947
123.062
123.745
124.429
125.599
126.769
127.939
129.109
130.279
132.009
133.740
135.470
137.201
138.931
140.070
141.208
142.347
143.485
144.624
144.903
145.182
145.462
145.741
146.020
146.177
146.334
146.491
146.648
146.805
147.057
147.308
147.560
147.812
148.064
148.450
148.837
149.223
149.609
149.996
4.914
4.960
5.006
5.037
5.069
5.101
5.132
5.164
5.234
5.304
5.374
5.444
5.514
5.564
5.613
5.663
5.713
5.763
5.775
5.787
5.799
5.811
5.823
5.828
5.833
5.838
5.842
5.847
5.852
5.856
5.860
5.865
5.869
5.874
5.878
5.883
5.887
5.892
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 5
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
Alternative Fast-Pass EM240 Standards
Corresponding to Composite Start-up Emission Standards
in §85.2205(a)(2)(iv)
High Altitude, Light Duty Truck 1
Sec
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
1
HC
1.064
1.091
1.118
1.145
1.172
1.199
1.237
1.275
1.313
1.351
1.389
1.459
1.529
1.599
1.669
1.738
1.784
1.830
1.876
1.922
1.968
2.020
2.072
2.124
2.176
2.228
2.265
2.302
2.340
2.377
2.415
2.451
2.487
2.523
2.559
2.595
2.639
2.683
2.728
2.772
2.817
2.859
2.901
2.943
2.985
3.027
3.061
3.096
3.130
3.165
3.200
3.237
3.275
3.313
982-198:
CO
14.776
15.338
15.900
16.462
17.023
17.585
17.834
18.084
18.333
18.582
18.832
19.867
20.902
21.937
22.972
24.008
24.572
25.136
25.701
26.265
26.830
27.642
28.454
29.266
30.079
30.891
31.485
32.078
32.672
33.266
33.860
34.449
35.037
35.626
36.215
36.804
37.463
38.122
38.782
39.441
40.100
40.631
41.161
41.692
42.222
42.753
43.694
44.636
45.577
46.519
47.461
47.831
48.201
•48.571
5
NOx
0.562
0.610
0.657
0.705
0.752
0.800
0.804
0.808
0.813
0.817
0.822
0.869
0.915
0.962
1.009
1.056
1.098
1.140
1.182
1.224
1.266
1.305
1.343
1.381
1.420
1.458
1.490
1.522
1.555
1.587
.619
.637
.656
.674
.693
.711
.737
.763
.789
.815
.841
.862
1.884
1.906
1.928
1.950
1.978
2.007
2.035
2.063
2.092
2.111
2.130
2.149
1
HC
0.585
0.609
0.633
0.657
0.681
0.705
0.730
0.754
0.779
0.803
0.828
0.854
0.880
0.907
0.933
0.959
0.989
1.019
1.050
1.080
.110
.146
.182
.218
.254
.290
.310
.330
.350
.370
.390
.405
.420
.434
1.449
1.464
1.497
1.530
1.563
1.596
1.629
1.650
.672
.694
.715
.737
.760
1.782
1.805
1.828
1.851
1.872
1.894
1.915
984-198'
CO
10.661
11.033
11.405
11.777
12.149
12.521
12.895
13.269
13.643
14.018
14.392
15.098
15.805
16.511
17.217
17.924
18.458
18.992
19.526
20.060
20.594
21.719
22.845
23.970
25.095
26.221
26.449
26.677
26.905
27.133
27.361
27.372
27.383
27.393
27.404
27.415
28.054
28.694
29.333
29.972
30.612
31.097
31.583
32.068
32.554
33.039
33.193
33.347
33.501
33.655
33.809
34.035
34.261
34.488
1
NOx
0.513
0.551
0.590
0.629
0.667
0.706
0.711
0.716
0.721
0.727
0.732
0.796
0.861
0.925
0.989
1.053
1.096
1.138
.180
.223
.265
.294
.324
.353
.382
.411
.449
.486
.523
.560
.597
.611
.625
1.639
1.653
1.667
1.699
1.732
1.765
1.797
1.830
1.854
.878
.902
.925
.949
.977
2.005
2.033
2.061
2.089
2.111
2.132
2.154
1
HC
0.585
0.609
0.633
0.657
0.681
0.705
0.730
0.754
0.779
0.803
0.828
0.854
0.880
0.907
0.933
0.959
0.989
.019
.050
.080
.110
.146
.182
.218
.254
.290
.310
.330
.350
1.370
1.390
1.405
1.420
1.434
1.449
1.464
1.497
1.530
1.563
1.596
1.629
1.650
1.672
1.694
1.715
1.737
1.760
1.782
1.805
1.828
1.851
1.872
1.894
1.915
988-199(
CO
10.661
11.033
11.405
11.777
12.149
12.521
12.895
13.269
13.643
14.018
14.392
15.098
15.805
16.511
17.217
17.924
18.458
18.992
19.526
20.060
20.594
21.719
22.845
23.970
25.095
26.221
26.449
26.677
26.905
27.133
27.361
27.372
27.383
27.393
27.404
27.415
28.054
28.694
29.333
29.972
30.612
31.097
31.583
32.068
32.554
33.039
33.193
33.347
33.501
33.655
33.809
34.035
34.261
34.488
)
NOx
0.298
0.319
0.340
0.361
0.382
0.403
0.407
0.410
0.414
0.418
0.422
0.451
0.479
0.508
0.536
0.565
0.587
0.609
0.631
0.652
0.674
0.701
0.728
0.755
0.782
0.809
0.826
0.842
0.859
0.876
0.892
0.903
0.915
0.926
0.938
0.949
0.960
0.972
0.983
0.994
1.005
1.016
.028
.039
.051
.062
.074
.085
.096
1.108
1.119
1.131
1.144
1.156
HC
0.477
0.494
0.512
0.529
0.547
0.564
0.582
0.601
0.619
0.637
0.656
0.681
0.707
0.732
0.758
0.783
0.799
0.816
0.832
0.848
0.864
0.891
0.917
0.943
0.969
0.995
1.015
1.035
.055
.075
.095
.109
.124
.138
.153
.167
.182
.196
.211
.225
.239
.255
1.271
1.287
1.303
1.318
1.331
1.344
.357
.370
.382
.407
.431
.455
1991
CO
5.069
5.129
5.189
5.249
5.309
5.369
5.562
5.755
5.948
6.142
6.335
6.890
7.445
7.999
8.554
9.109
9.593
10.076
10.560
11.044
11.527
12.038
12.549
13.059
13.570
14.081
14.438
14.796
15.154
15.512
15.870
16.268
16.667
17.066
17.465
17.863
18.249
18.635
19.020
19.406
19.792
19.906
20.020
20.134
20.248
20.362
20.782
21.202
21.623
22.043
22.463
22.571
22.678
22.786
NOx
0.254
0.270
0.285
0.300
0.316
0.331
0.334
0.336
0.339
0.341
0.344
0.368
0.392
0.416
0.440
0.464
0.480
0.496
0.512
0.528
0.543
0.563
0.582
0.601
0.621
0.640
0.653
0.666
0.679
0.692
0.705
0.714
0.723
0.732
0.741
0.750
0.759
0.768
0.777
0.786
0.795
0.805
0.815
0.825
0.835
0.845
0.859
0.874
0.888
0.902
0.916
0.925
0.934
0.942
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 6
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
3.351
3.389
3.432
3.475
3.518
3.562
3.605
3.645
3.686
3.727
3.767
3.808
3.853
3.898
3.943
3.988
4.033
4.081
4.128
4.175
4.223
4.270
4.300
4.331
4.361
4.391
4.421
4.449
4.476
4.503
4.531
4.558
4.600
4.642
4.684
4.726
4.768
4.804
4.840
4.876
4.911
4.947
4.983
5.019
5.055
5.091
5.126
5.178
5.230
5.282
5.334
5.386
5.468
5.549
5.630
5.712
5.793
5.825
5.856
5.888
5.920
5.951
48.941
49.311
49.503
49.694
49.886
50.077
50.269
50.447
50.626
50.805
50.984
51.162
51.779
52.395
53.012
53.628
54.245
55.131
56.016
56.902
57.788
58.674
59.222
59.771
60.319
60.868
61.416
61.935
62.455
62.974
63.493
64.013
64.559
65.105
65.651
66.197
66.743
67.600
68.458
69.315
70.173
71.030
71.729
72.427
73.126
73.825
74.523
75.331
76.139
76.947
77.755
78.563
79.372
80.181
80.990
81.798
82.607
83.486
84.365
85.245
86.124
87.003
2.168
2.187
2.189
2.192
2.194
2.197
2.199
2.200
2.201
2.202
2.203
2.204
2.212
2.219
2.227
2.234
2.242
2.322
2.403
2.484
2.565
2.646
2.721
2.797
2.872
2.948
3.023
3.038
3.053
3.067
3.082
3.097
3.099
3.102
3.105
3.108
3.111
3.134
3.156
3.179
3.202
3.224
3.241
3.257
3.274
3.290
3.307
3.311
3.316
3.321
3.326
3.331
3.365
3.398
3.431
3.464
3.498
3.536
3.575
3.613
3.652
3.690
1.937
1.958
1.973
1.988
2.002
2.017
2.032
2.044
2.056
2.068
2.081
2.093
2.111
2.129
2.147
2.165
2.183
2.221
2.258
2.295
2.333
2.370
2.404
2.437
2.471
2.504
2.538
2.560
2.582
2.604
2.625
2.647
2.673
2.698
2.723
2.749
2.774
2.799
2.824
2.850
2.875
2.900
2.920
2.941
2.961
2.981
3.001
3.027
3.052
3.078
3.103
3.129
3.167
3.206
3.244
3.283
3.322
3.342
3.363
3.383
3.404
3.425
34.714
34.941
35.115
35.289
35.463
35.637
35.811
35.968
36.125
36.282
36.440
36.597
36.968
37.339
37.710
38.081
38.453
40.429
42.405
44.382
46.358
48.335
49.060
49.785
50.511
51.236
51.962
52.113
52.265
52.417
52.569
52.721
52.723
52.724
52.726
52.728
52.729
53.168
53.606
54.044
54.483
54.921
55.078
55.236
55.393
55.551
55.708
55.921
56.134
56.346
56.559
56.771
57.854
58.937
60.020
61.102
62.185
62.366
62.548
62.729
62.910
63.091
2.175
2.197
2.200
2.203
2.206
2.209
2.212
2.213
2.214
2.215
2.216
2.217
2.227
2.236
2.245
2.254
2.263
2.342
2.420
2.498
2.576
2.654
2.740
2.826
2.912
2.998
3.084
3.101
3.118
3.136
3.153
3.170
3.173
3.175
3.178
3.181
3.184
3.206
3.229
3.251
3.274
3.296
3.310
3.323
3.337
3.350
3.364
3.370
3.376
3.382
3.388
3.394
3.432
3.469
3.507
3.544
3.582
3.639
3.697
3.754
3.811
3.869
1.937
1.958
1.973
1.988
2.002
2.017
2.032
2.044
2.056
2.068
2.081
2.093
2.111
2.129
2.147
2.165
2.183
2.221
2.258
2.295
2.333
2.370
2.404
2.437
2.471
2.504
2.538
2.560
2.582
2.604
2.625
2.647
2.673
2.698
2.723
2.749
2.774
2.799
2.824
2.850
2.875
2.900
2.920
2.941
2.961
2.981
3.001
3.027
3.052
3.078
3.103
3.129
3.167
3.206
3.244
3.283
3.322
3.342
3.363
3.383
3.404
3.425
34.714
34.941
35.115
35.289
35.463
35.637
35.811
35.968
36.125
36.282
36.440
36.597
36.968
37.339
37.710
38.081
38.453
40.429
42.405
44.382
46.358
48.335
49.060
49.785
50.511
51.236
51.962
52.113
52.265
52.417
52.569
52.721
52.723
52.724
52.726
52.728
52.729
53.168
53.606
54.044
54.483
54.921
55.078
55.236
55.393
55.551
55.708
55.921
56.134
56.346
56.559
56.771
57.854
58.937
60.020
61.102
62.185
62.366
62.548
62.729
62.910
63.091
1.169
1.181
1.182
1.182
1.183
1.184
1.185
1.186
1.187
1.188
1.189
1.190
1.195
1.201
1.207
1.213
1.218
1.259
1.299
1.340
1.380
1.421
1.458
1.495
1.531
1.568
1.605
1.615
.624
.634
.644
.653
.656
1.658
1.661
1.663
1.666
1.684
.703
.722
.741
.759
.770
1.780
1.790
1.800
1.811
1.813
1.816
1.819
1.822
1.825
1.851
1.877
1.903
1.929
1.955
1.977
1.999
2.021
2.043
2.065
1.480
1.504
1.531
1.558
1.586
1.613
1.640
1.654
1.668
1.682
1.696
1.710
1.727
1.744
1.762
1.779
1.796
1.819
1.842
1.865
1.887
1.910
1.936
1.962
1.988
2.014
2.040
2.057
2.074
2.090
2.107
2.124
2.152
2.179
2.207
2.234
2.262
2.276
2.290
2.304
2.318
2.332
2.355
2.377
2.399
2.422
2.444
2.464
2.485
2.505
2.525
2.545
2.573
2.600
2.628
2.655
2.682
2.702
2.722
2.742
2.762
2.782
• 22.894
23.001
23.112
23.223
23.334
23.445
23.556
23.558
23.560
23.562
23.564
23.567
23.924
24.282
24.639
24.997
25.355
25.871
26.387
26.903
27.419
27.935
28.221
28.506
28.792
29.077
29.363
29.405
29.447
29.489
29.531
29.573
29.865
30.157
30.449
30.741
31.033
31.230
31.428
31.625
31.823
32.020
32.099
32.178
32.256
32.335
32.413
32.638
32.862
33.086
33.310
33.534
34.147
34.760
35.373
35.985
, 36.598
36.880
37.162
37.444
37.727
38.009
0.951
0.960
0.961
0.963
0.964
0.966
0.967
0.968
0.968
0.968
0.969
0.969
0.978
0.987
0.996
1.004
1.013
1.045
1.076
1.107
1.139
1.170
1.201
1.232
1.263
1.294
1.325
1.332
1.338
1.344
1.350
1.357
1.359
1.361
1.363
1.365
1.368
1.383
1.399
1.415
1.431
1.446
1.453
1.460
1.468
1.475
.482
.484
.487
.490
.492
.495
.520
.546
.571
.596
.622
.639
.656
.673
.691
1.708
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 7
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
5.975
5.998
6.022
6.046
6.069
6.099
6.129
6.159
6.189
6.219
6.313
6.407
6.501
6.595
6.689
7.010
7.331
7.652
7.972
8.293
8.576
8.859
9.142
9.425
9.708
9.788
9.868
9.948
10.028
10.107
10.174
10.242
10.309
10.376
10.443
10.506
10.570
10.634
10.698
10.761
10.836
10.911
10.986
11.061
11.136
11.307
11.477
11.648
11.819
11.990
12.067
12.144
12.221
12.298
12.376
12.463
12.551
12.639
12.726
12.814
12.891
12.969
87.915
88.827
89.739
90.652
91.564
92.475
93.387
. 94.298
95.209
96.121
97.599
99.077
100.555
102.033
103.511
107.552
111.593
115.634
119.676
123.717
125.252
126.786
128.321
129.855
131.390
132.095
132.801
133.506
134.211
134.917
137.703
140.490
143.276
146.063
148.849
152.900
156.950
161.001
165.051
169.102
171.850
174.598
177.345
180.093
182.841
184.591
186.341
188.091
189.841
191.591
194.037
196.482
198.927
201.373
203.818
204.868
205.918
206.967
208.017
209.067
211.915
214.764
3.718
3.745
3.772
3.800
3.827
3.852
3.877
3.901
3.926
3.951
4.030
4.110
4.190
4.269
4.349
4.542
4.736
4.930
5.123
5.317
5.496
5.676
5.855
6.034
6.213
6.318
6.422
6.527
6.632
6.736
6.876
7.016
7.155
7.295
7.435
7.603
7.772
7.941
8.110
8.279
8.477
8.675
8.873
9.071
9.269
9.422
9.576
9.730
9.884
10.038
10.193
10.348
10.503
10.658
10.813
10.912
11.012
11.111
11.211
11.310
11.381
11.452
3.453
3.482
3.510
3.539
3.568
3.595
3.623
3.650
3.677
3.705
3.767
3.829
3.891
3.953
4.015
4.078
4.142
4.205
4.268
4.332
4.380
4.428
4.477
4.525
4.573
4.618
4.664
4.709
4.754
4.799
4.858
4.917
4.977
5.036
5.095
5.158
5.221
5.284
5.347
5.411
5.428
5.446
5.463
5.481
5.499
5.561
5.623
5.686
5.748
5.810
5.828
5.845
5.863
5.880
5.898
5.942
5.986
6.029
6.073
6.117
6.174
6.231
63.539
63.987
64.435
64.883
65.331
65.704
66.077
66.450
66.823
67.197
69.206
71.215
73.225
75.234
77.243
79.985
82.727
85.469
88.211
90.953
93.266
95.579
97.892
100.205
102.517
103.813
105.109
106.404
107.700
108.995
110.733
112.471
114.209
115.946
117.684
119.775
121.866
123.956
126.047
128.138
129.673
131.209
132.745
134.281
135.816
137.198
138.580
139.961
141.343
142.724
144.052
145.381
146.709
148.037
149.365
150.214
151.063
151.912
152.760
153.609
154.888
156.166
3.892
3.916
3.939
3.963
3.986
4.000
4.014
4.029
4.043
4.057
4.117
4.176
4.236
4.295
4.355
4.551
4.747
4.943
5.139
5.335
5.516
5.696
5.876
6.056
6.237
6.345
6.452
6.560
6.668
6.776
6.910
7.045
7.179
7.313
7.447
7.621
7.795
7.969
8.143
8.318
8.499
8.681
8.862
9.043
9.225
9.386
9.547
9.708
9.869
10.030
10.188
10.346
10.504
10.662
10.820
10.948
11.075
11.203
11.330
11.458
11.530
11.601
3.453
3.482
3.510
3.539
3.568
3.595
3.623
3.650
3.677
3.705
3.767
3.829
3.891
3.953
4.015
4.078
4.142
4.205
4.268
4.332
4.380
4.428
4.477
4.525
4.573
4.618
4.664
4.709
4.754
4.799
4.858
4.917
4.977
5.036
5.095
5.158
5.221
5.284
5.347
5.411
5.428
5.446
5.463
5.481
5.499
5.561
5.623
5.686
5.748
5.810
5.828
5.845
5.863
5.880
5.898
5.942
5.986
6.029
6.073
6.117
6.174
6.231
63.539
63.987
64.435
64.883
65.331
65.704
66.077
66.450
66.823
67.197
69.206
71.215
73.225
75.234
77.243
79.985
82.727
85.469
88.211
90.953
93.266
95.579
97.892
100.205
102.517
103.813
105.109
106.404
107.700
108.995
110.733
112.471
114.209
115.946
117.684
119.775
121.866
123.956
126.047
128.138
129.673
131.209
132.745
134.281
135.816
137.198
138.580
139.961
141.343
142.724
144.052
145.381
146.709
148.037
149.365
150.214
151.063
151.912
152.760
153.609
154.888
156.166
2.074
2.082
2.090
2.098
2.106
2.117
2.129
2.141
2.152
2.164
2.205
2.247
2.289
2.330
2.372
2.472
2.571
2.671
2.770
2.870
2.961
3.053
3.144
3.235
3.327
3.373
3.420
3.467
3.513
3.560
3.626
3.692
3.758
3.824
3.889
3.979
4.069
4.159
4.248
4.338
4.443
4.547
4.652
4.756
4.861
4.932
5.003
5.074
5.146
5.217
5.301
5.385
5.469
5.553
5.637
5.692
5.746
5.801
5.856
5.911
5.951
5.990
2.797
2.811
2.825
2.839
2.853
2.868
2.883
2.898
2.913
2.927
2.969
3.011
3.053
3.095
3.136
3.182
3.227
3.272
3.318
3.363
3.410
3.458
3.505
3.552
3.600
3.644
3.688
3.732
3.776
3.821
3.856
3.891
3.927
3.962
3.997
4.024
4.050
4.077
4.104
4.131
4.154
4.178
4.202
4.225
4.249
4.285
4.321
4.357
'4.393
4.430.
4.460
4.490
4.520
4.550
4.580
4.623
4.666
4.709
4.752
4.795
4.848
4.901
38.632
39.255
39.878
40.501
41.124
41.450
41.776
42.102
42.428
42.754
44.233
45.712
47.191
48.670
50.149
51.569
52.988
54.408
55.828
57.247
58.958
60.670
62.381
64.092
65.804
66.939
68.075
69.210
70.345
71.481
73.077
74.674
76.271
77.867
79.464
81.282
83.100
84.919
86.737
88.555
90.333
92.110
93.888
95.665
97.442
98.856
100.271
101.685
103.099
104.513
106.134
107.755
109.376
110.997
112.617
113.207
113.796
114.385
114.974
115.563
116.847
118.131
1.717
1.726
1.735
1.743
1.752
1.765
1.778
1.791
1.803
.816
.849
.882
.915
.948
.981
2.071
2.162
2.252
2.343
2.434
2.509
2.584
2.659
2.735
2.810
2.863
2.916
2.969
3.022
3.075
3.130
3.185
3.240
3.295
3.350
3.430
3.509
3.589
3.668
3.748
3.841
3.934
4.026
4.119
4.212
4.274
4.336
4.398
4.459
4.521
4.589
4.658
4.726
4.795
4.863
4.906
4.949
4.993
5.036
5.079
5.119
5.160
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 8
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
13.046
13.124
13.201
13.243
13.285
13.327
13.370
13.412
13.470
13.528
13.586
13.645
13.703
13.896
14.088
14.281
14.474
14.667
14.845
15.023
15.201
15.379
15.557
15.658
15.759
15.861
15.962
16.063
16.104
16.144
16.185
16.225
16.265
217.612
220.460
223.309
226.365
229.421
232.478
235.534
238.591
240.891
243.191
245.492
247.792
250.092
250.710
251.329
251.947
252.565
253.184
253.888
254.593
255.297
• 256.002
256.706
257.286
257.866
258.445
259.025
259.605
259.940
260.276
260.612
260.947
261.283
11.523
11.594
11.665
11.862
12.060
12.257
12.455
12.653
12.778
12.904
13.030
13.156
13.282
13.307
13.332
13.358
13.383
13.409
13.422
13.436
13.450
13.464
13.478
13.488
13.499
13.510
13.521
13.531
13.543
13.554
13.566
13.577
13.589
6.288
6.345
6.401
6.451
6.500
6.550
6.599
6.649
6.693
6.737
6.782
6.826
6.870
6.946
7.022
7.098
7.173
7.249
7.334
7.419
7.504
7.589
7.674
7.710
7.746
7.782
7.818
7.853
7.867
7.881
7.894
7.908
7.922
157.445
158.724
160.002
161.606
163.210
164.814
166.418
168.022
168.948
169.874
170.800
171.726
172.653
173.200
173.748
174.295
174.843
175.391
175.611
175.831
176.051
176.271
176.491
176.612
176.732
176.853
176.974
177.095
177.463
177.830
178.198
178.566
178.933
11.673
11.745
11.817
11.984
12.152
12.319
12.486
12.653
12.780
12.906
13.032
13.159
13.285
13.314
13.343
13.371
13.400
13.429
13.440
13.452
13.464
13.475
13.487
13.498
13.508
13.519
13.530
13.540
13.551
13.561
13.572
13.582
13.592
6.288
6.345
6.401
6.451
6.500
6.550
6.599
6.649
6.693
6.737
6.782
6.826
6.870
6.946
7.022
7.098
7.173
7.249
7.334
7.419
7.504
7.589
7.674
7.710
7.746
7.782
7.818
7.853
7.867
7.881
7.894
7.908
7.922
157.445
158.724
160.002
161.606
163.210
164.814
166.418
168.022
168.948
169.874
170.800
171.726
172.653
173.200
173.748
174.295
174.843
175.391
175.611
175.831
176.051
176.271
176.491
176.612
176.732
176.853
176.974
177.095
177.463
177.830
178.198
. 178.566
178.933
6.030
6.070
6.110
6.194
6.278
6.362
6.446
6.530
6.585
6.640
6.695
6.750
6.804
6.818
6.831
6.844
6.857
6.870
6.877
6.884
6.891
6.897
6.904
6.910
6.916
6.922
6.928
6.934
6.940
6.946
6.951
6.957
6.962
4.955
5.008
5.061
5.090
5.119
5.147
5.176
5.204
5.240
5.275
5.310
5.345
5.380
5.436
5.492
5.548
5.604
5.660
5.699
5.738
5.776
5.815
5.854
5.875
5.897
5.918
5.940
5.961
5.977
5.994
6.010
6.026
6.042
119.415
120.699
121.983
123.498
125.012
126.526
128.040
129.554
130.345
131.136
131.928
132.719
133.510
133.899
134.287
134.676
135.064
135.453
135.633
135.814
135.995
136.176
136.356
136.581
136.806
137.031
137.256
137.482
137.680
137.879
138.078
138.277
138.476
5.201
5.241
5.282
5.355
5.429
5.502
5.576
5.649
5.695
5.741
5.787
5.833
5.879
5.888
5.896
5.905
5.913
5.922
5.927
5.931
5.936
5.941
5.946
5.951
5.956
5.962
5.967
5.972
5.978
5.983
5.989
5.994
6.000
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 9
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
Alternative Fast-Pass EM240 Standards
Corresponding to Composite Start-up Emission Standards
in §85.2205(a)(2)(vi)
High Altitude, Light Duty Truck 2
Sec
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
1982-1983
HC | CO | NOx
1.064
1.091
1.118
1.145
1.172
1.199
1.237
1.275
1.313
1.351
1.389
1.459
1.529
1.599
1.669
1.738
1.784
1.830
1.876
1.922
1.968
2.020
2.072
2.124
2.176
2.228
2.265
2.302
2.340
2.377
2.415
2.451
2.487
2.523
2.559
2.595
2.639
2.683
2.728
2.772
2.817
2.859
2.901
2.943
2.985
3.027
3.061
3.096
3.130
3.165
3.200
3.237
3.275
14.776
15.338
15.900
16.462
17.023
17.585
17.834
18.084
18.333
18.582
18.832
19.867
20.902
21.937
22.972
24.008
24.572
25.136
25.701
26.265
26.830
27.642
28.454
29.266
30.079
30.891
31.485
32.078
32.672
33.266
33.860
34.487
35.113
35.740
36.367
36.994
37.728
38.462
39.197
39.931
40.666
41.083
41.500
41.918
42.335
42.753
43.705
44.657
45.609
46.562
47.514
47.873
48.233
0.513
0.551
0.590
0.629
0.667
0.706
0.711
0.716
0.721
0.727
0.732
0.796
0.861
0.925
0.989
1.053
1.096
1.138
1.180
1.223
1.265
1.294
1.324
1.353
1.382
.411
.449
.486
.523
.560
.597
.611
.625
.639
.653
.667
.699
.732
.765
.797
.830
.854
.878
.902
.925
.949
.977
2.005
2.033
2.061
2.089
2.111
2.132
1984-1987
HC | CO | NOx
0.585
0.609
0.633
0.657
0.681
0.705
0.730
0.754
0.779
0.803
0.828
0.854
0.880
0.907
0.933
0.959
0.989
1.019
1.050
1.080
1.110
1.146
1.182
1.218
1.254
1.290
1.310
1.330
1.350
1.370
1.390
1.405
1.420
1.434
1.449
1.464
1.497
1.530
1.563
1.596
1.629
1.650
1.672
1.694
1.715
1.737
1.760
1.782
1.805
1.828
1.851
1.872
1.894
10.661
11.033
11.405
11.777
12.149
12.521
12.895
13.269
13.643
14.018
14.392
15.098
15.805
16.511
17.217
17.924
18.458
18.992
19.526
20.060
20.594
21.719
22.845
23.970
25.095
26.221
26.449
26.677
26.905
27.133
27.361
27.372
27.383
27.393
27.404
27.415
28.054
28.694
29.333
29.972
30.612
31.097
31.583
32.068
32.554
33.039
33.193
33.347
33.501
33.655
33.809
34.035
34.261
0.513
0.551
0.590
0.629
0.667
0.706
0.711
0.716
0.721
0.727
0.732
0.796
0.861
0.925
0.989
1.053
1.096
1.138
1.180
1.223
1.265
1.294
1.324
1.353
1.382
1.411
1.449
1.486
1.523
1.560
1.597
1.611
1.625
1.639
1.653
1.667
1.699
1.732
1.765
1.797
1.830
1.854
1.878
1.902
1.925
1.949
1.977
2.005
2.033
2.061
2.089
2.111
2.132
1988-1990
HC I CO | NOx
0.585
0.609
0.633
0.657
0.681
0.705
0.730
0.754
0.779
0.803
0.828
0.854
0.880
0.907
0.933
0.959
0.989
1.019
1.050
1.080
1.110
1.146
1.182
1.218
1.254
1.290
1.310
1.330
1.350
1.370
1.390
1.405
1.420
1.434
1.449
1.464
1.497
1.530
1.563
1.596
1.629
1.650
1.672
1.694
1.715
1.737
1.760
1.782
1.805
1.828
1.851
1.872
1.894
10.661
11.033
11.405
11.777
12.149
12.521
12.895
13.269
13.643
14.018
14.392
15.098
15.805
16.511
17.217
17.924
18.458
18.992
19.526
20.060
20.594
21.719
22.845
23.970
25.095
26.221
26.449
26.677
26.905
27.133.
27.361
27.372
27.383
27.393
27.404
27.415
28.054
28.694
29.333
29.972
30.612
31.097
31.583
32.068
32.554
33.039
33.193
33.347
33.501
33.655
33.809
34.035
34.261
0.436
0.463
0.490
0.517
0.544
0.572
0.576
0.580
0.584
0.588
0.592
0.636
0.681
0.726
0.771
0.815
0.840
0.866
0.891
0.916
0.941
0.978
1.016
1.053
.090
.128
.160
.192
.224
.256
.288
.301
.313
1.326
1.338
.351
.366
.382
.397
.412
.427
.443
.459
.475
.491
.507
.528
.550
.571
.593
.615
.623
.632
1991
HC | CO | NOx
0.477
0.494
0.512
0.529
0.547
0.564
0.582
0.601
0.619
0.637
0.656
0.681
0.707
0.732
0.758
0.783
0.799
0.816
0.832
0.848
0.864
0.891
0.917
0.943
0.969
0.995
1.015
.035
.055
.075
.095
.109
.124
.138
1.153
1.167
1.182
1.196
1.211
1.225
1.239
1.255
1.271
1.287
1.303
1.318
1.331
1.344
1.357
1.370
1.382
1.407
1.431
5.069
5.129
5.189
5.249
5.309
5.369
5.562
5.755
5.948
6.142
6.335
6.890
7.445
7.999
8.554
9.109
9.593
10.076
10.560
11.044
11.527
12.038
12.549
13.059
13.570
14.081
14.438
14.796
15.154
15.512
15.870
16.268
16.667
17.066
17.465
17.863
18.249
18.635
19.020
19.406
19.792
19.906
20.020
20.134
20.248
20.362
20.782
21.202
21.623
22.043
22.463
22.571
22.678
0.395
0.420
0.445
0.470
0.495
0.520
0.524
0.527
0.531
0.535
0.539
0.578
0.617
0.657
0.696
0.735
0.760
0.785
0.810
0.835
0.860
0.893
0.926
0.959
0.992
1.026
1.051
1.077
1.103
1.129
1.155
1.166
1.177
1.188
1.200
1.211
1.230
1.250
1.269
1.289
1.308
1.321
1.334
1.347
1.361
1.374
1.391
1.409
1.426
1.444
1.461
1.475
1.489
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 10
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
3.313
3.351
3.389
3.432
3.475
3.518
3.562
3.605
3.645
3.686
3.727
3.767
3.808
3.853
3.898
3.943
3.988
4.033
4.081
4.128
4.175
4.223
4.270
4.300
4.331
4.361
4.391
4.421
4.449
4.476
4.503
4.531
4.558
4.600
4.642
4.684
4.726
4.768
4.804
4.840
4.876
4.911
4.947
4.983
5.019
5.055
5.091
5.126
5.178
5.230
5.282
5.334
5.386
5.468
5.549
5.630
5.712
5.793
5.825
5.856
5.888
48.592
48.952
49.311
49.503
49.694
49.886
50.077
50.269
50.447
50.626
50.805
50.984
51.162
51.779
52.395
53.012
53.628
54.245
55.131
56.016
56.902
57.788
58.674
59.222
59.771
60.319
60.868
61.416
61.935
62.455
62.974
63.493
64.013
64.559
65.105
65.651
66.197
66.743
67.600
68.458
69.315
70.173
71.030
71.729
72.427
73.126
73.825
74.523
75.331
76.139
76.947
77.755
78.563
79.372
80.181
80.990
81.798
82.607
83.486
84.365
85.245
2.154
2.175
2.197
2.200
2.203
2.206
2.209
2.212
2.213
2.214
2.215
2.216
2.217
2.227
2.236
2.245
2.254
2.263
2.342
2.420
2.498
2.576
2.654
2.740
2.826
2.912
2.998
3.084
3.101
3.118
3.136
3.153
3.170
3.173
3.175
3.178
3.181
3.184
3.206
3.229
3.251
3.274
3.296
3.310
3.323
3.337
3.350
3.364
3.370
3.376
3.382
3.388
3.394
3.432
3.469
3.507
3.544
3.582
3.639
3.697
3.754
1.915
1.937
1.958
1.973
1.988
2.002
2.017
2.032
2.044
2.056
2.068
2.081
2.093
2.111
2.129
2.147
2.165
2.183
2.221
2.258
2.295
2.333
2.370
2.404
2.437
2.471
2.504
2.538
2.560
2.582
2.604
2.625
2.647
2.673
2.698
2.723
2.749
2.774
2.799
2.824
2.850
2.875
2.900
2.920
2.941
2.961
2.981
3.001
3.027
3.052
3.078
3.103
3.129
3.167
3.206
3.244
3.283
3.322
3.342
3.363
3.383
34.488
34.714
34.941
35.115
35.289
35.463
35.637
35.811
35.968
36.125
36.282
36.440
36.597
36.968
37.339
37.710
38.081
38.453
40.429
42.405
44.382
46.358
48.335
49.060
49.785
50.511
51.236
51.962
52.113
52.265
52.417
52.569
52.721
' 52.723
52.724
52.726
52.728
52.729
53.168
53.606
54.044
54.483
54.921
55.078
55.236
55.393
55.551
55.708
55.921
56.134
56.346
56.559
56.771
57.854
58.937
60.020
61.102
62.185
62.366
62.548
62.729
2.154
2.175
2.197
2.200
2.203
2.206
2.209
2.212
2.213
2.214
2.215
2.216
2.217
2.227
2.236
2.245
2.254
2.263
2.342
2.420
2.498
2.576
2.654
2.740
2.826
2.912
2.998
3.084
3.101
3.118
3.136
3.153
3.170
3.173
3.175
3.178
3.181
3.184
3.206
3.229
3.251
3.274
3.296
3.310
3.323
3.337
3.350
3.364
3.370
3.376
3.382
3.388
3.394
3.432
3.469
3.507
3.544
3.582
3.639
3.697
3.754
1.915
1.937
1.958
1.973
1.988
2.002
2.017
2.032
2.044
2.056
2.068
2.081
2.093
2.111
2.129
2.147
2.165
2.183
2.221
2.258
2.295
2.333
2.370
2.404
2.437
2.471
2.504
2.538
2.560
2.582
2.604
2.625
2.647
2.673
2.698
2.723
2.749
2.774
2.799
2.824
2.850
2.875
2.900
2.920
2.941
2.961
2.981
3.001
3.027
3.052
3.078
3.103
3.129
3.167
3.206
3.244
3.283
3.322
3.342
3.363
3.383
34.488
34.714
34.941
35.115
35.289
35.463
35.637
35.811
35.968
36.125
36.282
36.440
36.597
36.968
37.339
37.710
38.081
38.453
40.429
42.405
44.382
46.358
48.335
49.060
49.785
50.511
51.236
51.962
52.113
52.265
52.417
52.569
52.721
52.723
52.724
52.726
52.728
52.729
53.168
53.606
54.044
54.483
54.921
55.078
55.236
55.393
55.551
55.708
55.921
56.134
56.346
56.559
56.771
57.854
58.937
60.020
61.102
62.185
62.366
62.548
62.729
1.640
.648
.657
.659
.661
.663
.665
.667
.668
.669
.671
.672
.674
1.680
1.686
1.692
1.698
1.704
1.779
1.854
1.928
2.003
2.078
2.132
2.187
2.241
2.296
2.350
2.365
2.381
2.396
2.411
2.426
2.430
2.433
2.437
2.441
2.445
2.467
2.489
2.512
2.534
2.557
2.569
2.580
2.592
2.604
2.616
2.619
2.623
2.627
2.630
2.634
2.672
2.711
2.749
2.787
2.826
2.851
2.875
2.900
1.455
1.480
1.504
1.531
1.558
1.586
1.613
1.640
1.654
1.668
.682
.696
.710
.727
.744
1.762
1.779
1.796
1.819
1.842
1.865
1.887
1.910
1.936
1.962
1.988
2.014
2.040
2.057
2.074
2.090
2.107
2.124
2.152
2.179
2.207
2.234
2.262
2.276
2.290
2.304
2.318
2.332
2.355
2.377
2.399
2.422
2.444
2.464
2.485
2.505
2.525
2.545
2.573
2.600
2.628
2.655
2.682
2.702
2.722
2.742
22.786
22.894
23.001
23.112
23.223
23.334
23.445
23.556
23.558
23.560
23.562
23.564
23.567
23.924
24.282
24.639
24.997
25.355
25.871
26.387
26.903
27.419
27.935
28.221
28.506
28.792
29.077
29.363
29.405
29.447
29.489
29.531
29.573
29.865
30.157
30.449
30.741
31.033
31.230
31.428
31.625
31.823
32.020
32.099
32.178
32.256
32.335
32.413
32.638
32.862
33.086
33.310
33.534
34.147
34.760
35.373
35.985
36.598
36.880
37.162
37.444
1.503
1.517
1.531
1.531
1.532
1.533
1.533
1.534
1.534
1.534
1.535
1.535
1.535
1.547
1.558
1.570
1.581
1.593
1.636
1.678
1.721
1.764
1.807
1.864
1.921
1.978
2.035
2.092
2.107
2.121
2.135
2.149
2.163
2.166
2.169
2.173
2.176
2.179
2.200
2.222
2.243
2.265
2.286
2.297
2.307
2.318
2.329
2.339
2.343
2.347
2.350
2.354
2.358
2.395
2.431
2.468
2.505
2.542
2.574
2.606
2.638
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 11
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
5.920
5.951
5.975
5.998
6.022
6.046
6.069
6.099
6.129
6.159
6.189
6.219
6.313
6.407
6.501
6.595
6.689
7.010
7.331
7.652
7.972
8.293
8.671
9.050
9.428
9.806
10.184
10.426
10.667
10.909
11.150
11.392
11.439
11.486
11.533
11.581
11.628
11.671
11.715
11.759
11.803
11.846
11.887
11.928
11.969
12.010
12.051
12.090
12.128
12.166
12.205
12.243
12.281
12.319
12.357
12.395
12.433
12.509
12.585
12.661
12.738
86.124
87.003
87.915
88.827
89.739
90.652
91.564
92.475
93.387
94.298
95.209
96.121
97.599
99.077
100.555
102.033
103.511
107.552
111.593
115.634
119.676
123.717
125.252
126.786
128.321
129.855
131.390
132.095
132.801
133.506
134.211
134.917
137.703
140.490
143.276
146.063
148.849
154.282
159.715
165.147
170.580
176.013
179.970
183.927
187.884
191.841
195.798
197.691
199.584
201.476
203.369
205.262
208.341
211.419
214.498
217.577
220.656
221.810
222.965
224.119
225.274
3.811
3.869
3.892
3.916
3.939
3.963
3.986
4.000
4.014
4.029
4.043
4.057
4.117
4.176
4.236
4.295
4.355
4.551
4.747
4.943
5.139
5.335
5.516
5.696
5.876
6.056
6.237
6.345
6.452
6.560
6.668
6.776
6.910
7.045
7.179
7.313
7.447
7.621
7.795
7.969
8.143
8.318
8.499
8.681
8.862
9.043
9.225
9.386
9.547
9.708
9.869
10.030
10.188
10.346
10.504
10.662
10.820
10.948
11.075
11.203
11.330
3.404
3.425
3.453
3.482
3.510
3.539
3.568
3.595
3.623
3.650
3.677
3.705
3.767
3.829
3.891
3.953
4.015
4.078
4.142
4.205
4.268
4.332
4.380
4.428
4.477
4.525
4.573
4.618
4.664
4.709
4.754
4.799
4.858
4.917
4.977
5.036
5.095
5.158
5.221
5.284
5.347
5.411
5.428
5.446
5.463
5.481
5.499
5.561
5.623
5.686
5.748
5.810
5.828
5.845
5.863
5.880
5.898
5.942
5.986
6.029
6.073
62.910
63.091
63.539
63.987
64.435
64.883
65.331
. 65.704
66.077
66.450
66.823
67.197
69.206
71.215
73.225
75.234
77.243
79.985
82.727
85.469
88.211
90.953
93.266
95.579
97.892
100.205
102.517
103.813
105.109
106.404
107.700
108.995
110.733
112.471
114.209
115.946
117.684
119.775
121.866
123.956
126.047
128.138
129.673
131.209
132.745
134.281
135.816
137.198
138.580
139.961
141.343
142.724
144.052
145.381
146.709
148.037
149.365
150.214
151.063
151.912
152.760
3.811
3.869
3.892
3.916
3.939
3.963
3.986
4.000
4.014
4.029
4.043
4.057
4.117
4.176
4.236
4.295
4.355
4.551
4.747
4.943
5.139
5.335
5.516
5.696
5.876
6.056
6.237
6.345
6.452
6.560
6.668
6.776
6.910
7.045
7.179
7.313
7.447
7.621
7.795
7.969
8.143
8.318
8.499
8.681
8.862
9.043
9.225
9.386
9.547
9.708
9.869
10.030
10.188
10.346
10.504
10.662
10.820
10.948
11.075
11.203
11.330
3.404
3.425
3.453
3.482
3.510
3.539
3.568
3.595
3.623
3.650
3.677
3.705
3.767
3.829
3.891
3.953
4.015
4.078
4.142
4.205
4.268
4.332
4.380
4.428
4.477
4.525
4.573
4.618
4.664
4.709
4.754
4.799
4.858
4.917
4.977
5.036
5.095
5.158
5.221
5.284
5.347
5.411
5.428
5.446
5.463
5.481
5.499
5.561
5.623
5.686
5.748
5.810
5.828
5.845
5.863
5.880
5.898
5.942
5.986
6.029
6.073
62.910
63.091
63.539
63.987
64.435
64.883
65.331
65.704
66.077
66.450
66.823
67.197
69.206
71.215
73.225
75.234
77.243
79.985
82.727
85.469 .
88.211
90.953
93.266
95.579
97.892
100.205
102.517
103.813
105.109
106.404
107.700
108.995
110.733
112.471
114.209
115.946
117.684
119.775
121.866
123.956
126.047
128.138
129.673
131.209
132.745
134.281
135.816
137.198
138.580
139.961
141.343
142.724
144.052
145.381
146.709
148.037
149.365
150.214
151.063
151.912
152.760
2.925
2.949
2.959
2.968
2.978
2.987
2.997
3.007
3.017
3.028
3.038
3.049
3.113
3.178
3.242
3.307
3.371
3.503
3.635
3.767
3.899
4.030
4.145
4.260
4.375
4.490
4.605
4.673
4.741
4.808
4.876
4.944
5.057
5.171
5.284
5.398
5.511
5.641
5.770
5.900
6.029
6.159
6.285
6.411
6.537
6.663
6.789
6.875
6.961
7.047
7.133
7.219
7.346
7.473
7.600
7.727
7.853
7.929
8.005
8.080
8.156
2.762
2.782
2.797
2.811
2.825
2.839
2.853
2.868
2.883
2.898
2.913
2.927
2.969
3.011
3.053
3.095
3.136
3.182
3.227
3.272
3.318
3.363
3.410
3.458
3.505
3.552
3.600
3.644
3.688
3.732
3.776
3.821
3.856
3.891
3.927
3.962
3.997
4.024
4.050
4.077
4.104
4.131
4.154
4.178
4.202
4.225
4.249
4.285
4.321
4.357
4.393
4.430
4.460
4.490
4.520
4.550
4.580
4.623
4.666
4.709
4.752
37.727
38.009
38.632
39.255
39.878
40.501
41.124
41.450
41.776
42.102
42.428
42.754
44.233
45.712
47.191
48.670
50.149
51.569
52.988
54.408
55.828
57.247
58.958
60.670
62.381
64.092
65.804
66.939
68.075
69.210
70.345
71.481
73.077
74.674
76.271
77.867
79.464
81.282
83.100
84.919
86.737
88.555
90.333
92.110
93.888
95.665
97.442
98.856
100.271
101.685
103.099
104.513
106.134
107.755
109.376
110.997
112.617
113.207
113.796
114.385
114.974
2.671
2.703
2.715
2.726
2.738
2.750
2.762
2.774
2.786
2.799
2.811
2.823
2.870
2.917
2.964
3.011
3.057
3.181
3.306
3.430
3.554
3.678
3.796
3.914
4.033
4.151
4.269
4.322
4.374
4.426
4.479
4.531
4.626
4.722
4.817
4.912
5.008
5.111
5.214
5.318
5.421
5.524
5.656
5.787
5.919
6.050
6.182
6.266
6.350
6.435
6.519
6.603
6.706
6.810
6.913
7.017
7.120
7.195
7.270
7.345
7.419
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 12
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
12.814
12.891
12.969
13.046
13.124
13.201
13.233
13.264
13.296
13.328
13.359
13.423
13.487
13.551
13.615
13.679
13.852
14.025
14.198
14.371
14.544
14.737
14.929
15.122
15.315
15.507
15.616
15.725
15.834
15.944
16.053
16.085
16.117
16.149
16.181
16.214
226.429
228.364
230.299
232.235
234.170
236.105
239.385
242.664
245.943
249.223
252.502
253.243
253.983
254.724
255.464
256.204
256.417
256.629
256.841
257.053
257.265
257.645
258.025
258.405
258.785
259.165
259.629
260.092
260.556
261.020
261.484
261.890
262.296
262.701
263.107
263.513
11.458
11.530
11.601
11.673
11.745
11.817
11.984
12.152
12.319
12.486
12.653
12.780
12.906
13.032
13.159
13.285
13.314
13.343
13.371
13.400
13.429
13.440
13.452
13.464
13.475
13.487
13.498
13.508
13.519
13.530
13.540
13.551
13.561
13.572
13.582
13.592
6.117
6.174
6.231
6.288
6.345
6.401
6.451
6.500
6.550
6.599
6.649
6.693
6.737
6.782
6.826
6.870
6.946
7.022
7.098
7.173
7.249
7.334
7.419
7.504
7.589
7.674
7.710
7.746
7.782
7.818
7.853
7.867
7.881
7.894
7.908
7.922
153.609
154.888
156.166
157.445
158.724
160.002
161.606
163.210
164.814
166.418
168.022
168.948
169.874
170.800
171.726
172.653
173.200
173.748
174.295
174.843
175.391
175.611
175.831
176.051
176.271
176.491
176.612
176.732
176.853
176.974
177.095
177.463
177.830
178.198
178.566
178.933
11.458
11.530
11.601
11.673
11.745
11.817
11.984
12.152
12.319
12.486
12.653
12.780
12.906
13.032
13.159
13.285
13.314
13.343
13.371
13.400
13.429
13.440
13.452
13.464
13.475
13.487
13.498
13.508
13.519
13.530
13.540
13.551
13.561
13.572
13.582
13.592
6.117
6.174
6.231
6.288
6.345
6.401
6.451
6.500
6.550
6.599
6.649
6.693
6.737
6.782
6.826
6.870
6.946
7.022
7.098
7.173
7.249
7.334
7.419
7.504
7.589
7.674
7.710
7.746
7.782
7.818
7.853
7.867
7.881
7.894
7.908
7.922
153.609
154.888
156.166
157.445
158.724
160.002
161.606
163.210
164.814
166.418
168.022
168.948
169.874
170.800
171.726
172.653
173.200
173.748
174.295
174.843
175.391
175.611
175.831
176.051
176.271
176.491
176.612
176.732
176.853
176.974
177.095
177.463
177.830
178.198
178.566
178.933
8.232
8.295
8.357
8.420
8.483
8.545
8.670
8.794
8.919
9.043
9.168
9.251
9.334
9.417
9.500
9.584
9.598
9.612
9.627
9.641
9.655
9.664
9.674
9.683
9.692
9.701
9.710
9.719
9.728
9.737
9.746
9.754
9.761
9.769
9.777
9.785
4.795
4.848
4.901
4.955
5.008
5.061
5.090
5.119
5.147
5.176
5.204
5.240
5.275
5.310
5.345
5.380
5.436
5.492
5.548
5.604
5.660
5.699
5.738
5.776
5.815
5.854
5.875
5.897
5.918
5.940
5.961
5.977
5.994
6.010
6.026
6.042
115.563
•116.847
118.131
119.415
120.699
121.983
123.498
125.012
126.526
128.040
129.554
130.345
131.136
131.928
132.719
133.510
133.899
134.287
134.676
135.064
135.453
135.633
135.814
135.995
136.176
136.356
136.581
136.806
137.031
137.256
137.482
137.680
137.879
138.078
138.277
138.476
7.494
7.544
7.594
7.644
7.694
7.744
7.846
7.948
8.051
8.153
8.255
8.328
8.400
8.472
8.545
8.617
8.630
8.642
8.655
8.667
8.680
8.688
8.696
8.704
8.712
8.720
8.727
8.733
8.740
8.746
8.753
8.760
8.767
8.774
8.781
8.788
Alternative Fast-Pass IM240 Standards
Page 13
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