SDSB 79-03
Technical Support Report
January 1979
Particulate Measurement -
Light-Duty Diesel Particulate Baseline Test Results
by
Eugene Danielson
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or
positions. They are intended to present technical analysis of issues
using data which are currently available. The purpose in the release
of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information
and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the
basis for a- final EPA decision, positon or regulatory action.
Standards Development and Support Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Introduction
This report summarizes particulate emissions data for 35 different
light-duty diesel vehicles and trucks. Particulate (and gaseous) emis-
sions for 25 of these vehicles were determined at the EPA/MVEL facility
in Ann Arbor during, an on-going light-duty diesel particulate baseline
study conducted during 1978. For the 10 other diesel vehicles, partic-
ulate emissions were determined from earlier characterization studies
conducted at the EPA/MVEL Ann Arbor facility, the EPA/RTP facility, and
at Southwest Research Institute.
Discussion
The 1978 EPA/MVEL data is summarized in Tables I and II. Both
particulate and gaseous emissions measurements were made according to
the procedure specified in the "Draft Recommended Practice for Measure-
ment of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel Ve-
hicles", March 1978, with the following exceptions:
(1) For five of the vehicles listed in Table I, no estimate of
particle bound organics can be made because only total hydrocarbon
measurements were taken. For the remaining vehicles in Table I, two
heated hydrocarbon analyzers were used to determine the particulate
bound organics on the filter used for particulate determination.
(2) For the vehicles listed in Table II, the second unheated
filter hydrocarbon measurements were.taken using an independent (from*
the :particulate sample system) HFID system that was identically matched
(both geometrically and in response to HC) to the total hydrocarbon
sample system, and differed only in that the first filter and probe were
unheated.
(3) Where noted the particulate sample filter temperature exceeded
125°F.
Particulate data from the earlier characterization studies is
presented in Table III. Particulate measurements taken during these
studies used a procedure that was similar to that specified in the Draft
Recommended Practice, except:
(1) Only total hydrocarbon measurements were taken.
(2) Where noted particulate measurements were made with fluoropore
filters.
-------
. Total* HC
Vehicle & ID
Peugot 504D
504ACO-2700783
Production
Vehicle
OK'smoblle 350D
3J29R6M384481
Prototype
Vehicle
Oldsmobile
350D 8320
Prototype
Vehicle
OldsnobUe 3501)
3N69S8M152915
Production
Vehicle
'75 Mercedes
Eenz 3000
11511412019885
Production
Vehicle
'79 Mercedes
Benz 300D
123D30-826
Certification
Vehicle
'79 Mercedes
Benz 300SD
I16B30-817
Certification
Vc-hlcle
'79 Mercedes
Brnt 240D
I23D24-825
Crrtlf Icatlon
VrMcle
IHC Scout
Traveler*"*
J94
3.26L Mssan
Engine
Crrtlf Icatlon
Vehicle
Turbo-
cliarR^d
\v K.hbll
VKH90
ifil Special
Vehicle
(in/nl
0.71***
0.21***
0.62***
0.29***
0.28
_
0.82
0.23**»
0.12***
0.20
0.28
0.17
0.19
0.14
0.08
0.11
0.18
0.17
0.19
0.43
0.13
0.26
0.12
0.07
0.07
0.07
CO
"gn/mt
1.61
0.68
0.20
1.61
1.05
1.18
2.10
0.85
'
1.88
0.83
0.54
0.88
1.42
0.99
1.04
0.81
''--
0.49
0.57
0.98
0.72
0.82
2.35
0.74
1.97
0.56
0.27
0.26
0.50
KOx
">.n/nl
1.33
1.27
0.97
1.84
1.45
1.30
1.47
1.18
1.98
2.00
1.68
1.30
2.00
1.68
1.67
1.71
1.75
1.68
1.60
1.33
1.39
1.55
1.44
1.39
0.93
0.80
0.78
0.80
CO
lisai
396
306
196
496
329
318
504
302
546
418
334
293
437
343
363
396
333
346
367
305
326
433
407
429
196
167
164
147
0.24
0.17
0.19
0.12
0.08
0.10
0.17
0.17
O.J7
0.37
0.10
0.21
0.09
0.06
0.83
0.53
0.55
0.45
0.34
0.35
0.53
0.32
0.36
0.47
0.24
0.35
0.20
0.17
0.16
0.21
TABLE I
Light-Duty Diesel Partlcul.ite and Caseous Tnlsstons Sunoary
of Certification ami Development Baseline Vehicles
All data vlth 18 Inch Dilution Tunnel, CVS Flov - 535 SCFM
Data taken during tine period 1/73-4/78
Filtered** Parclcu- Partlculate Partlculate
HC lates Bound Organlcs Bound Organtcs
"Km/ml I of Total HC * of partlculate
0.43
0.34
0.09
0.90
0.47
0.48
0.96
0.45
1.04
0.42
0.32
0.38
- 4500
- 4ooo
14.3
0.0
0.0 J
4000
4.8
0.0
14.3
14.3
15.0
6.3
Fuel Economy Driving
gpg Cycle
24.2 FTP
33.2 50 Bph SS
51.5 20 eph SS
20.3 FTP
31.2 50 oph SS
32.5 20 nph SS
20-°
24.2
30.5
34.5
23.2
27.5
23.2
30.5
29.3
27.5
33.2
31.1
20.9
24.9
23.5
52.3
61.8
68.7
50 nph SS
'8.5 FTP
FTP
50 mph SS
20 oph SS
Consents
Class fiber
parttculate
filter
Class fiber
p.irtlculate
filter
Class fiber
partlculate
filter
Class fiber
partlculate
filter
Class fiber
partlculate
filter
FTP
KUFE
4TCCP filter
+TCCP filter
Peak filter
Temp: 140-145°F
+TCCF filter
CFDS Peak filter
Teop: 14J-|45°F
FTP 4TCCF filter
4 TCCF filter
HWFE Peak filter
temp: I40-150°F
4TCCF filter
CFDS Peak filter
Temp: 140-145°F
FTP 4TCGP filter
+TCCP filter
HWFE Peak (liter
Teop: 140-150°F
+TCCP filter
CFDS Peak filter
Teop: 130-145°F
FTP 4TCCF filter
+TCCP filter
KWF.E Peak filter
Temp: 140-145 F
4TCCF filter
CFDS Peak filter
leap: 130-135 F
FTP +TCCF filter
HWFE 4TCCF filter
CFDS 4TCCF filter
30 oph SS »TCGF filter
* TCCF »»an» Trflon romej gloss fiber partlculate filter.
Tout KC rxnple svstea ha-> heated probe and heated filter, similar to certification systea.
" Filtered MC narrple Is t«!i*n dovnncrrao of cold (
-------
TABLE II
Light-Duty Diesel Participate and Caseous Emissions Sunury
of Certification and Developnent Baseline Vehicles
All data with 18 Inch Dilution Tunnel, CVS Flow - 535 SCFM
Data taken during tine period 7/73-10/73
TotalY.5
V,-htcle t ID gn/nl
^Idsnoblle 350 0.59
9JJF127 0.32
'79 Cert Vehicle
Oldsnobllc 260
93HF149 .
79 Cert Vehicle
OldsDoblle 260
5JHF-84482F
'79 FE Vehicle
Oldsnoblle 260
33HF181
'79 Cert Vehicle
(5 spd)
'Thew PIckUp 350
STJ9-168F
'79 Cert Vehicle
<: hole Inject)
:hcv PIckUp 350
3TJ9-168F
:on-Ccrt Conflg
13 hole Inject)
odge Truck
i336
"79 Cert Vehicle
'77 Mcrcedes300D
:j. 130-12017745
>pu<|jl Build/
'urbo Chgd u/ECR
olksuagen Dash.
,06 L 2466
'79 Cert Vehicle
fi spd)
.olksu.igcn Rab.
.06 Z 2465
79 Cert Vehicle
> spd)
pel Rckord-E
*S1224695
.oil fled Product
rive (3.89 axle)
li spd)
pel Rckord-E
chicle v/ovcr
Mvr (2.70 axle)
<-URCOC iOiD
» »
:i Cert Vehicle
T.I' I Hirv Scout
:? Cert Vehicle
0.37
0.58
0.20
0.28
0.60
0.22
0.36
0.69-
0.19
0.27
0.78
0.64
0.64
0.73
0.44
0.50
0.54
0.35
0.36
0.25
0.03
0.10
0.52
0.30
0.46
0.51
0.20
0.35
0.51
0.84
0.80
0.13
0.11
0* 1&
0.87
0.21
0.35
O.T7
0.16
0.17
0.15
0.07
CO
_ /_(
Rra/ni
1.51
0.92
1.07
1.35
0.75
0.91
1.49
0.89
1.06
1.91
0.72
1.31
1.58
1.16
1.23
1.60
1.05
1.18
2.61
1.37
1.95
1.35
0.73
0.83
--.':
1.19
0.64
0.84
1.01
0.41
0.68
1.52
0.81
1.09
1.35
0.61
0.82
1.69
0.69
0.96
1.40
0.64
1.26
KOx
gn/ml
1.49
1.20
1.27
1.67
1.48
1.54
1.56
1.24
1.34
1.62
1.22
1.34
1.52
1.41
1.24
1.47
1.29
1.30
1.82
1.57
1.60
1.36
1.25
1.24
0.93
0.78
0.81
0.87
0.58
0.65
2.12
2.02
1.93
1.50
1.17
1.19
1.16
1.12
1.09
1.40
1.55
1.41
.
C02
cn/nl
458
334
367
409
312
327
412
304
328
391
270
306
501
398
407
508
406 .
420
469
403
420
463
363
383
252
198
220
238
172
190
319
267
279
271
228
237
362
307
317
407
383
379
.-
Filtered*
IIC
0.36
0.20
0.24
0.38
0.14
0.14
0.35
0.13
0.19
0.34
0.10
0.13
0.48
0.27
0.31
0.42
0.24
0.25
0.43
0.23
0.27
0.17
0.06
0.08
0.30
0.17
0.25
0.24
0.09
0.18
0.33
0.65
0.54
0.11
0.07
0.10
0.54
0.12
0.24
0.20
0.10
0.11
--
Partlcu-
latcs**
0.84
0.40
0.52
0.73
0.45
0.53
1.02
0.57
0.67
0.96
0.58
0.87
0.59
0.33
0.39
0.61
0.30
0.42
0.61
0.33
0.45
0.79
0.47
0.56
0.32
0.25
0.25
0.23
0.11
0.18
0.47
0.34
0.40
0.78
0.36
0.47
0.29
0.20
0.21
0.32
0.26
0.28
0.35
0.25
paniculate
Bounc. Organics
39.
37.
35.
34.
30.
0
5
1
5
0
50.0
41.
40.
47.
10.
47.
51.
38.
57.
51.
42.
45.
50.
20.
52.
33.
32.
25.
20.
42.
4J.
45.
52.
55.
43.
35.
22.
32.
15.
3>i.
2:3.
3*.
4?..
31.
25.
3:'.
3.'..
7
9
2
7
4
9
5
8
6
5
5
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
3
3
7
9
0
6
3
6
5
4
4
6
9
9
3
9
5
3
Partlculate
Bound Crga:ilcs Fuel Econi
Z of P.;rticul3tc "i'l:
27.4
30.0
25.0
27.4
13.3
26.4
24.i
15.8
25.4
36.5
15.5
16.1
50.8
97.4
84.6
50.8
66.7
59.5
18.0
36.4
20.0
10.1
4.3
3.6
68.8
52.0
84.0
100.0
100.0
94.4
38.3
55.9
65.0
2.6
11.1
8.5
100.0
45.0
57.1
21.9
23.1
21.4
4500
^ooo
Ao&o
4ooo
50oo
5ooo
55oo
4ooo
*
2.500
2.Z.50
^ooo
3
3ooo
3SCO
4500
3500
22.1
30.3
. 27.6
24.6
32.9
31.0
24.4
33.2
30.8
25.7
37.5
33.0
20.2
25.3
24.8
19.8
24.9
24.1
21.4
. 25.1
24.0
21.8
27.8
26.4
38.?
50.9
45.8
42.4
58.9
53.0
31.5
37.6
35.1
37.3
44.4
42.6
27.3
32.6
31.4
24.8
26.5
26.7
'--
FTP
UUFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
UUFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWE
CFUS
FTP
HUFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFUS
FTP
HWFE
CFUS
FTP
HVFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
KWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
KWFE
Peak flit-it tcop:l50-ns
Peak filter tenp:150-15S°F
Peak filter temp:130-135°r
Peak filter temp:128-132°f
Peak filter tcmp:135 F
Peak filter temp:134-137 F
Peak filter tenp:l30-135oF
Peak filter temp:l30-135 T
Peak filter tenp:130-135°F
Peat filter temp:130-135 F
Peak filter cemp:155-160oF
Peak filter temp:150-155 f
Peak filter tcmptllS-U^r
Peak filter ienp:130-U> t
Peak filter tcsp.-140-liS^r
Peak filter tcr.p:!JS-UO r
Filtered KC 3.1-?le IB t.ikcn dovnatrc-in of a cold (12S*F) teflon coated glass fiber filter.
** All pJCtlcul^te sjr.ples v*ro tatcon vlth teflon coated glass fiber filters.
"* Li-ltcJ.gaseous emissions because of CVS bag switching problem.
" 7:>ial HC a-.jlc systori has hc-ucd probe and heated filter, similar to certification sysLen.
-------
TABLH tit
Light-Duty Diesel Partlculate and Caseous Emissions Summary
froa Characterl.~ativn Studies
Vehicle & ID
'75 Mercedes 240D
10066203
Production Vehicle
'75 Mercedes 3000
12019385
Production Vehicle
'74 Peugeot 204D
71-DTM
Production Vehicle
'74 1H 10D Pick-up
4HICODHB23906
povrered by Perkins
6-247 dlesel
*77 VW Rabbit
) 763183714
Production Vehicle
(California)
'73 Datsun-Nlssan
Production Vehicle
'75 Peugeot 504D
Experimental Vehicle
'75 Postal V.in
6100957
Production Vehicle
'75 Dodge Coronet
WT41C5A205937
NYC taxi powered
by Chrysler-Nissan
dlesel
'75 Mercedes 300D
Production Vehicle
Total HC
gn/al .
0.29
*-
0.16
-
--
1.11
--
0.72
017
. J/
0.25
0£Q
*»y
0.14
--
0.26
01 £
. ID
CO
go/nl
0.97
0.85
--
1.71
«
--
2.87
074
. ty
1.10
Ite
«*j
--
1.47
1.22
--
007
7i
NOx
EEl/nl
1.27
1.72
--
0.68
--
1.50
--
0. 87
1.37
21A
. .HI
2.54 r
1.82
~
21 7
.!/
Partlculates
gn/ol
0.48
0.31
0.36
0.49
0.39
0.37
0.38
0.30
0.24
0.81
0.54
0.49
0.29
0.26
0.30
0.33
0 51
0.40
0.31
0.47
0.24
0.27
0.19
0.17
0.17
Olil
. ** J
0.25
0.27
Fuel Econoay
nps
25.7
33.7
--
23.8
30.0
~
35.9
43.8
~
25.7
28.3
42.7
53^7
26.2
33.8
35.9
29.9
37.8
22.4
25.7
--
71 ft
/ J. o
29.5
Driving
Cycle
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
FTP
t I r
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
FTP
HWFE
CFDS
HWFE
CFDS
Coma«nt«
Data vas taken at SwHI vl:t-
glass fiber filters u*«d
for participates.
Data was taken at SwRI vUS
glass fiber filters us«j
for particulaces.
Data vas taken ac SvRl with
glass fiber filters used
for partlculates.
Data vas taken at SuRI vfth
glass fiber filters usc>!
for parciculates.
glass fiber filters used
for partlculates.
Data vas taken at EPA/RTP
vith glass fiber filters
used for partlculates.
vith glass fiber filters
used for partlculates.
Data VMS token ae F PA/: IV EL
vith fluoruporc filters
Data was taken at EPA/MVEL
vith (luoropore filters
used for participates.
with fluoropore filters
used for part tculatcs.
* Total HC sample system has heated probe and heated filter, similar to certification system.
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