EPA-AA-SDSB-80-1
Technical Report
January, 1980
The Effect of Load and Inertia
on Particulate Emissions
by
Eugene Danielson
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or
positions. They are intended to present technical analysis of issues
using data which are currently available. The purpose in the release
of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information
and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the
basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
Standards Development and Support Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Introduction
This report summarizes particulate emissions data from light-duty
diesel trucks operating over a range of road loads and inertia weights.
The results indicate that diesel particulate emissions are relatively
insensitive to road load but are significantly influenced by changes
in vehicle inertia weight. Information of this nature is useful in
determining differences in particulate emissions that can be expected
when the same engine is applied to vehicles of different sizes and
weights.
Discussion
Data from four sources are presented in this report. They are
General Motors' and Mercedes Benz' responses to the Light-Duty Diesel
Particulate Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Ricardo Consulting Engineers,
and the EPA Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory. The EPA tests were run
on a small diesel Dodge truck over a range of load and inertia con-
ditions indicated in Figures 1 and 2, and Table 1. Data from the other
sources were collected in a similar fashion and while there are
differences in levels and slopes of the results the trends among
sources are consistent.
-------
Table 1
Summary of Particulate Emissions for Various Loads and Inertias (Continued)
Vehicle
Mercedes 300D
Opel 2100D
Source IW
Mercedes 3000
Submission 3000
to LDD Particulate 3000
Hearings 3000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
2500
3500
3750
4000
4500
Ricardo 2000
data 2000
3000
3000
4000
4000
HP
7.4
9.2
12.8
16.4
7.4
9.2
11.0
14.6
16.4
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
8.3
16.6
10.3
20.6
12.0
.24.0
Particulate Emissions g/mi
0.47
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.45
0.46
0.43
0.48
0.50
0.54
0.57
0.57
0.62
0.62
0.72
-------
Table 1
Summary of Particulate Emissions for Various Loads and Inertias
Vehicle
Dodge Truck
GM Vehicle
#78504
GM Vehicle
#89589
Oldsmobile
350D install-
Source
EPA MVEL Lab
GM Submission
to LDD Particulate
Hearings
GM Submission
to LDD Particulate
Hearings
GM Submission
to LDD Particulate
IW
4500
5500
4500
5500
3500
4500
5500
3500
4500
5500
5000
5500
HP Particulate Emissions g/mi
14
14
20
20
14
14
14
14
14
14
20
20
0.50
0.61
0.50
0.60
0.65
0.71
0.81
0.30
0.35
0.46
0.58
0.76
ed in LD Truck Hearings
-------
Figure 1
1.0
Particulate Emissions as a Function of Inertia Weight
FTP Driving Cycle
0.9
•H
e
CO
e
o
•H
CO
co
cu
4-1
ca
O
•H
n)
PH
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0,3
0.2
Opel 2100D <§ 12 HP ^
(Estimated from Ricardo data)
Mercedes 300D @ 12.8 HP
GM Vehicle #78504 @- 14 HP
GM Vehicle #89589 @ 14 HP
Oldsmobile 350D .'-;:--:•
installed in LD truck
@ 20 HP'lGH data)
Dodge Truck @ 14 & 20 HP
(EPA data)
0.1
0
ioo~
o
1000
2000
3000
40
50C
bUUU
7000
Inertia Weight - pounds
-------
Figure 2
•rl
s
CO
c
O
•H
CO
CO
01
4-J
ca
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0,1
Particulate Emissions as a Function of Roadload
FTP Driving Cycle
.Opel2100D i 4000 Ibs IW
(Ricardo Data): < @ 3000 Ibs IW
Mercedes 300D
@ 3000 Ibs IW
@ AOOOllbsTlW
Dodge Truck @ 5500 Ibs
IW (EPA Data)
Dodge Truck @ 4500 Ibs
IW
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Roadload -cHorsepower
------- |