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-6-
tires. Finally, we performed a linear regression between purchase
price and rolling resistance to determine whether the price of a
tire is related to its rolling resistance.
When interpreting the results of these analyses, the sam-
ple-to-population size ratio must be considered. A 106-tire sam-
ple is relatively large for an engineering sample tested with high
data precision, hence, high confidence values were usually obtain-
ed. However, the sample size is quite small compared to the total
population of annual tire sales, 157 million. So, while strong
statistical conclusions are often obtained from the sample, the
validity of extrapolating these conclusions to the entire popula-
tion is very dependent upon the representativeness of the sample.
Construction Type
We tested tires from three construction types, radial-ply,
bias-belted, and bias-ply, in each of three nominal diameters:
13-, 14-, and 15-inches. In the 13- and 15-inch sizes we observed
a relationship between construction type and rolling resistance,
with 99.99 and 99.56 percent confidence, respectively. The terms
"percent confidence" and "confidence level" are used, here and
elsewhere in this paper, in the rigorous statistical sense. That
is, in this case sufficient sample information exists to simply
state the probability that the rolling resistance data of the dif-
ferent tire groups did not originate from a common population.
Stated negatively, there is less than one minus this confidence
probability that the rolling resistance data obtained from a sin-
gle distribution would show these results. (For example, for an
ANOVA with a confidence level of 99 percent the probability that
the data came from a single distribution is 1-.99 = .01 or 1%.)
The rolling resistance mean of radial ply tires was 18.3 percent
lower than both the mean of bias-belted tires and the mean of bias
ply tires, in the 13-inch size. When interpreting these results,
it should be noted that the distribution of the data from one tire
type may overlap the distribution of the other types. For exam-
ple, there were 5 bias-belted and 5 bias ply models that had lower
RRC's than at least one radial model (see Appendix IV). In the
case of 15-inch tires the rolling resistance mean of radials was
27.5 percent lower than that of bias-belted tires and 23.5 percent
lower than that of bias ply tires. The number of 14-inch tires we
tested (4) was insufficient to perform a meaningful analysis of
variance.
Body Cord
Among 13-inch nominal diameter steel-belted radials we tested
tires of two different body cords: polyester and rayon. We found
the difference in the rolling resistance means of these two groups
was statistically insignificant; in this sample the type of body
cord used in the tire does not seem to affect rolling resistance.
Comparisons to test for the affect of body cord on rolling
resistance could not be made for any other size or type of tire,
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-7-
because all other tires in the test matrix were made exclusively
with polyester body cord.
Belt Fiber
Among 13-inch nominal diameter radials, we tested tires made
with four different belt materials: steel, fiberglass, aramid,
and rayon. In our sample we observed, with 99.14 percent confi-
dence, that a relationship did exist between the type of belt ma-
terial in the tire and its rolling resistance. Fiberglass-belted
radials had the lowest mean rolling resistance (RRC= 0.01108),
followed by steel-belted (RRC=0.01162), aramid-belted
(RRC=0.01232), and lastly rayon-belted (RRC=0.01462) radials.
However, it should be noted that while fiberglass-belted radials
had the lowest mean RRC, the single tire model with the lowest RRC
was steel-belted, which, along with the small difference in the
steel and fiberglass means (0.00054), indicates a possible overlap
of the population distributions.
Tread Type
We tested three tread types on 13-inch steel-belted radials:
conventional highway tread, mud and snow tread, and year-round
all-weather tread. We observed a relationship between the type of
tread used on these tires and the rolling resistance, at a 95.83
percent confidence level. Conventionally-treaded steel radials
had a mean rolling resistance 21.0 percent lower than the one with
mud and snow tread, and 5.6 percent lower than those with year
round tread, however, the year-round model had a lower RRC than 9
conventionally-treaded steel radial models. This demonstrates the
potential overlap between RRC distributions and the necessity of
viewing the high confidence level with caution.
When we included fiberglass-belted 13-inch radials (which all
had conventional tread) in the sample and repeated the analysis we
were able to compare the effect of tread type to the effect of
belt fiber on rolling resistance. Comparing the eta-squared cor-
relation ratio from each ANOVA we observed that the choice of belt
material is more important to rolling resistance than the choice
of tread type. Belt fiber accounts for 25.6 percent of the vari-
ability in the rolling resistance in this sample, while tread type
accounts for 16.5 percent.
We also tested 13-inch (new) bias-ply tires with conventional
and mud/snow treads. In this sample we observed, with 99.99 per-
cent confidence, a relationship between the type of tread on the
tire and the rolling resistance. The mean rolling resistance of
conventionally-treaded bias-ply tires was lower than the mean of
those with a mud/snow tread by 15.6 percent. However, when the
same analysis was performed for 13-inch retreaded bias-ply tires
we could not reject the equality-of-means hypothesis between con-
ventional and mud/snow treads at the 95 percent confidence level.
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-8-
We could make no tread type comparison for bias-belted tires
or for other size groups since all of the other tires in our test
matrix had a conventional tread.
Retreaded versus Mew Tires
The test matrix contained three groups within which we could
compare retreaded tires to new tires: 13-inch bias-ply tires with
conventional tread, 13-inch bias-ply tires with mud/snow tread,
and 15-inch steel-belted radial-ply tires. In the first and last
groups we observed a relationship between the condition of the
tire, new versus retreaded, and the rolling resistance, with over
95 percent confidence. New 13-inch conventional bias-ply tires
had a mean rolling resistance 15.4 percent lower than their re-
treaded counterparts, while the rolling-resistance mean for new
15-inch steel-belted radials is 24.8 percent lower than the mean
for retreaded steel radials (however, the new tires were Goodyear
Arriva, which had the lowest mean RRC of any tires we tested). We
could not reject the rolling resistance equality-of-means hypothe-
sis for the new/retreaded bias-ply snow tire comparison at the 95
percent confidence level.
Nominal Diameter
Our test matrix contained 13-, 14-, and 15-inch nominal di-
ameter tires in each of the three construction types: radial-ply,
bias-belted, and bias-ply. We did not observe a statistically
significant relationship between the tire diameter and RRC for any
of these groups. However, when we corrected our data for the cur-
vature of the test wheel by using the SAE flat-surface approxima-
tion, [8] we observed a relationship been diameter and RRC, at the
99 percent confidence level, for radial-ply tires. (Again, these
high confidence factors should be viewed with some reserve due to
the size of the sample relative to the population.) The 15-inch
diameter radials had the lowest mean RRC (flat-surface corrected),
1.0 percent lower than the 14-inch radials and 13.6 percent lower
than the 13-inch radials. In the cases of biasbelted and bias ply
tires we could not reject the RRC equalityof-means hypothesis ap-
plied to the three diameters. However, in both of these groups a
trend exists towards decreasing (flatsurface corrected) RRC with
increasing nominal diameter.
Manufacturer
Out of 106 tires in our test matrix twelve of them were re-
treaded tires and another eight were tires with special-purpose
treads. The remaining 86 were all new tires with a conventional
highway tread, but were of mixed construction, size, belt materi-
al, etc. Through an analysis of variance of these tires we ob-
served that there is a connection between manufacturer and tire
rolling resistance. This observation was made with 96.6 percent
confidence, but is subject to the limitations of the small sample.
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-9-
In all we tested tires from 19 companies. The manufacturers
with the five lowest mean rolling resistances were Goodyear (RRC =
0.01169), Michelin (RRC = 0.01194), Delta (RRC = 0.01242),
Uniroyal (RRC = 0.01260), and Montgomery Ward (RRC = 0.012855).
Rolling Resistance Consistency Over Time
Three groups of a bias-ply model and two groups of a fiber-
glass-belted radial were designed such that they were identical
except for the fact that they were manufactured on different dates
(as indicated by the DOT tire identification mark).
Of the three groups from the bias-ply model line one group
was made during each of the following weeks: August 12-18, 1979,
August 17-23, 1980, and August 31-September 6, 1980. The greatest
difference among the groups' means is 0.0032 (between the two
groups made in 1980), while the pooled standard deviation (the
square root of the pooled variance) for these three groups is
0.00026. Of the two groups from the fiberglass-belted radial mod-
el line, one was made during April 27-May 3, 1980 and the other
during May 4-10, 1980. The difference between the means of these
two groups is 0.00001, while the pooled standard deviation is
0.00025. These figures indicate very consistant rolling resis-
tance for these two model lines. This means we can rely on the
rolling resistance test results as a good predictor of the rolling
resistance of any tire from that particular model line. The
groups and their means and standard deviations are presented in
Table 1.
Rolling Resistance Consistency Within Groups of Identical Tires
Three groups of tires were tested which, within themselves,
were identical in every way (construction, manufacturer, week of
manufacture): one group of steel-belted radials, one of bias-
belted tires, and one of bias-ply snow tires. The standard devia-
tions of these groups were 0.00038, 0.00017, and 0.00054, respec-
tively. This again points out the predicability of rolling resis-
tance for an individual tire if a tire of the same model has been
tested. (This information is summarized in Table 2).
Price
We were curious to know whether the price of a tire was re-
lated to its rolling resistance. We performed a linear regression
of price against rolling resistance for each of the three con-
struction types separately. (We included only 13-inch, new, con-
ventional tires in this analysis). We observed in all three cases
that price is not linearly dependent on rolling resistance. Rol-
ling resistance accounts for only 6.2 percent of the variability
in the price of radials, 6.7 percent of the variability in the
price of bias-belted tires and 3.0 percent of the variability in
the price of bias-ply tires. These results agree with an earlier
analysis done by an EPA staff member.[9]
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-10-
Other Characteristics Investigated
Of the 106 tires we tested, 19 models were labeled with UTQG
grades. Table 4 lists those tires, their three UTQG grades and
their RRC's (or mean RRC if more than one tire of that model was
tested). This table illustrates that rolling resistance coeffi-
cients also do not seem to correlate with any of the DOT-UTQG
grades: treadwear, traction, or temperature.
We also tried to analyze the affect of section width and as-
pect ratio on rolling resistance. In both cases we found we did
not have a sample that varied enough in either of these areas to
make a valid analysis possible. Also, we were not able to test
the effect of different rubber compounds on rolling resistance.
We had no non-destructive method by which we could determine the
rubber compound used in each tire. The rubber compound may be a
"hidden factor" which might account for some of the correlation
between rolling resistance and the other tire characteristics.
The results of Section VI are summarized in Table 3.
VII. Conclusion and Summary
In this 106 tire test program a strong correlation exists be-
tween tire rolling resistance and tire construction type, the belt
fiber used, the tread type, the condition of the tire (new vs. re-
treaded), the nominal diameter (on a flat surface), and the manu-
facturer of the tire. No significant correlation seems to exist
between rolling resistance and the choice of body cord, or origi-
nal purchase price of the tire. Caution should be used when car-
rying these conclusions over to the general population of tires.
We feel our sample is highly representative of the market, how-
ever, it is a small sample in comparison to its population.
Among the 76 13-inch tires in this study the mean rolling re-
sistance of radial ply tires is 18 percent lower than that of
bias-belted tires and bias-ply tires, however, there were 5 bias-
belted and 5 bias ply models with lower RRCs than the highest-RRC
radial model.
The mean rolling resistance of fiberglass-belted radials is
about 5 percent lower than that of the steel-belted radials, 10
percent lower than that of aramid-belted radials, and 24 percent
lower than that of the rayon-belted radial. Exceptions to the
mean were 2 steel-belted models that had lower RRCs than the low-
est-RRC fiberglass model.
Mean rolling resistance of conventionally-treaded steelbelted
radials is 21 percent lower than that of mud and snow treads,
while the same comparison for bias ply tires is about 16 percent.
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-11-
New tires had 15-25 percent less rolling resistance than re-
treaded tires.
In general, the statistical analysis indicates that the opti-
mal fuel-saving tire would be a new fiberglass-belted radial with
conventional tread; yet the model with the lowest mean RRC was a
steel-belted radial. Steel and fiberglass radial models consti-
tute 98 percent of the original equipment tires sold on new cars
in 1980. To the extent that a higher percentage of replacement
tires are high-rolling-resistance tires there may some fuel econo-
my loss when the original tires are replaced. This analysis could
not include effects of different rubber compounds on rolling re-
sistance, therefore these effects are a "hidden factor" which may
influence the statistics.
Since a distinct causual relationship was not observed be-
tween the tire construction type, belt fiber, etc., and the tire
rolling resistance we conclude that rolling resistance coefficient
itself is the best tire characteristic by which to judge a tir.6;
model's fuel efficiency. The rolling resistance coefficient of
tires of the same model seem constant both for tires manufactured
during the same week and during different weeks. Therefore, RRC
appears to be a sufficiently stable parameter to be used to grade
tire model lines consistantly.
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-12-
New tires had 15-25 percent less rolling resistance than re-
treaded tires.
In general, the statistical analysis indicates that the opti-
mal fuel-saving tire would be a new fiberglass-belted radial with
conventional tread; yet the model with the lowest mean RRC was a
steel-belted radial. Steel and fiberglass radial models consti-
tute 98 percent of the original equipment tires sold on new cars
in 1980. To the extent that a higher percentage of replacement
tires are high-rolling-resistance tires there may some fuel econo-
my loss when the original tires are replaced. This analysis could
not include effects of different rubber compounds on rolling re-
sistance, therefore these effects are a "hidden factor" which may
influence the statistics.
Since a distinct causual relationship was not observed be-
tween the tire construction type, belt fiber, etc., and the tire
rolling resistance we conclude that rolling resistance coefficient
itself is the best tire characteristic by which to judge a tire
model's fuel efficiency. The rolling resistance coefficient of
tires of the same model seem constant both for tires manufactured
during the same week and during different weeks. Therefore, RRC
appears to be a sufficiently stable parameter to be used to grade
tire model lines consistantly.
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-13-
References
1. "Light-Duty Vehicle Road Load Determination"; Glenn D.
Thompson; EPA Technical Support Report for Regulatory Action,
December 1976.
2. "Tire Rolling Resistance and Vehicle Fuel Consumption";
Glenn D. Thompson and Marty Reineman, U.S. EPA; SAE Technical
Paper No. 810168, February 1981.
3. "The Effects of Tire Rolling Resistance on Automotive
Emissions and Fuel Economy"; Randy Jones and Terry Newell, May
1980.
4. "Variations in Tire Rolling Resistance - A 'Real World1
Information Need" (from SAE Conference Proceedings P-74 on Tire
Rolling Losses and Fuel Economy); Glenn D. Thompson and Myriam
Torres, October 1977.
5. "Tire Related Effects on Vehicle Fuel Economy"; John
Yurko, July 1979.
6. "Summary and Analysis of Comments Received in Response
to Draft EPA Procedures for the Measurement of Tire Tolling Resis-
tance and Subsequent Grading and Labeling of Tires"; Glenn D.
Thompson, July 1980.
7. "MTD"s 14th Annual Facts/Directory"; Modern Tire
Dealer, January 28, 1980.
8. "Rolling Resistance Measurement Procedure for Passenger
Car Tires"; SAE Recommended Practice J1269, November 1979.
9. "Relation Between Rolling Resistance and Cost of Auto-
mobile Tires"; EPA Intra-division memorandum T. Newell to C. Gray,
March 13, 1980.
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-14-
Table 1
RRC and s of Groups of Tires Manufactured
During Different Weeks
Bias Ply
Group 1
Aug. 12-18, 1979
N = 2
RRC = 0.01343
s = 0.00024
Group 2
Aug. 17-23. 1980
N = 2
RRC = 0.01354
s = 0.00006
Group 3
Aug. 31-Sept. 6, 1980
N = 6
RRC = 0.01322
s = 0.00029
Fiberglass-Belted Radial-Ply
Group 1
April 27-May 3, 1980
N = 3
RRC = 0.01071
s = 0.00035
Group 2
May 4-10, 1980
N = 3
RRC = 0.01070
s = 0.00007
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-15-
Table 2
RRC and s of Groups of Identical Tires
Steel-Belted Radial Model
N = 7
RRC = 0.01006
s = 0.00038
Bias-Belted Model
N = 3
RRC = 0.01295
s = 0.00017
Bias-Ply Snow Tread Model
N = 3
RRC = 0.01755
s = 0.00054
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Table 3
Summary of Effects of Tire Characteristics
On Rolling Resistance
Tire
Characteristics
Construction type
Sample Used
New 13-inch
conv. tires
Result Observed
Radials_had 18.3%
lower RRC than bias-
belted and bias-ply
tires.
New 14-inch
conv. tires
None - not enough
data.
New 15-inch
conv. tires
Radials had 27.5% lower
RRC than bias-belted and
23.5% lower RRC than
bias-ply tires.
Body Cord
New-13 inch steel
radials
Does not affect RRC
Belt Fiber
New 13-inch
radials
Fiberglass had 4.7%
lower RRC than steel,
10.1% lower RRC than
aramid and 24.2% lower
RRC than rayon.
Tread Type
New 13-inch
radials
Conventional tread had
21.0% lower RRC than
mud/snow and 5.6% lower
RRC than year-round
treads.
New 13-inch bias
ply
13-inch bias ply
retreads
Conventional tread had
15.6% lower RRC than
mud/snow.
No significant rela-
tionship between tread
type and RRC.
Retread/New
13-inch bias ply
conventional tread
New tires had 15.4%
lower RRC than retreads.
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-17-
Table 3 (cont'd)
Summary of Effects of Tire Characteristics
On Rolling Resistance
Tire
Characteristics
Sample Used
Retread/New (cont'd) 13-inch bias ply
mud/snow tread
15-inch steel
radials conven-
tional tread
Result Observed
Condition does not
affect RRC.
New radials had 24.8%
lower RRC than retreads,
Diameter
(RRC's corrected
for flat-surface
approximation)
New radials
15-inch radials had 1%
lower RRC than 14-inch
and 13.6% lower RRC than
13-inch radials.
New bias-belted
tires
New bias ply
RRC difference between
sizes is not statiscally
significant, but there
is a tendency for RRC
to decrease as diameter
increases.
RRC difference between
sizes is not statiscally
significant, but there
is a tendency for RRC
to decrease as diameter
increases.
Manufacturer
86 new tires from
19 companies; con-
ventional tread
Identity of the manufac-
turer does affect RRC.
RRC consistency
over time
3 groups of one
model of bias ply
tire made on dif-
ferent dates
2 groups of one
model of fiber-
glass radial made
on different dates
RRC of a model does not
vary appreciably with
date of manufacture.
RRC of a model does not
vary appreciably with
date of manufacture.
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-18-
Table 3 (cont'd)
Summary of Effects of Tire Characteristics
On Rolling Resistance
Tire
Characteristics
RRC consistency
within a group
of identical tires
Sample Used
A group of 8
identical steel
radials
A group of 3
identical bias-
belted tires
A group of 3
identical bias-
ply snow tires
Result Observed
RRC does not vary appre-
ciably (low standard
deviation).
RRC does not vary appre-
ciably (low standard
deviation).
RRC does not vary appre-
ciably (low standard
deviation).
Price
New 13-inch
radials
New 13-inch bias-
belted
Price is not linearly
dependent on rolling re-
sistance.
Price is not linearly
dependent on rolling re-
sistance.
New 13-inch bias
ply
Price is not linearly
dependent on rolling re-
sistance.
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-19-
Table 4
DOT-UTQG Grades Compared
to RRC for 19 Tires
Tire
Armstrong
Coronet X/A
Armstrong
Power King
Dunlop
Gold Seal
Firestone
Deluxe Champion
Polyester
B.F. Goodrich
Belted CLM
Goodyear
Arriva
Goodyear
Cushion-Belt
Goodyear
Powerstreak
Goodyear
Viva
Kelly-
Springfield
Benchmark
Kelly-
Springfield
Navigator
K-Mart
KM Radial Plus
K-Mart
KM 78
Treadwear
140
70
100
80
100
180
100
80
120
70
120
180
80
UTQG Grades
Traction
B
B
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Temperature
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
RRC
0.01222
0.01641
0.01326
0.01518
0.01506
0.01019
0.01295
0.01336
0.01073
0.01375
0.01250
0.01305
0.01582
J.C. Penney
El Tigre 278
130
0.01543
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-20-
Table 4 Cont'd
DOT-UTQG Grades Compared
to RRC for 19 Tires
Tire
Montgomery
Ward
Gas Miser
Montgomery
Ward
Runabout
Sears
Dynaply 24
Uniroyal
Royal Seal
Uniroyal
Fastrax
UTQG Grades
Treadwear Traction
180 B
50 B
80 A
220 B
110 B
Temperature
C
C
C
B
B
RRC
0.01159
0.01354
0.01477
0.01137
0.01383
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-21-
ATTACHMENT I
EPA Recommended Practice for Determination
of Tire Rolling Resistance Coefficients
Glenn Thompson
March 1980
Amended August 1980
Standards Development and Support Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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-22-
I. Introduction
This test procedure determines the tire rolling resistance
coefficient for a free rolling tire at a steady speed. This pro-
cedure conforms to the SAE Recommended Practice, Rolling
Resistance Measurement Procedure for Passenger Car Tires - SAE
J1269, generally adopting the recommended conditions of J1269 as
the required standard conditions. The SAE Recommended Practice
J1269 and the accompanying SAE information report J1270 may be
consulted for additional information.
II. Test Equipment
The test equipment required is a tire dynamometer which mea-
sures the tire energy dissipative force as the tire is driven by a
large cylindrical test wheel.
A. Tire Dynamometer
The test dynamometer shall be a cylindrical surface machine
of 67.23 in (1.7076m) diameter. The test machine shall be capable
of supplying a force on the tire perpendicular to the test sur-
face, and shall be able to measure the transverse reaction forces
acting on the tire or the torque necessary to drive the test
wheel. During this process the machine must be capable of main-
taining the test surface at constant speed. The width of the test
surface must exceed the width of all test tires, and the test sur-
face shall be coated with a medium coarseness abrasive (80 grit).
As an example, medium grit 3M Safety-Walk represents a satis-
factory surface.*
1. Test Machine Alignment
The direction of application of the tire load must be normal
to the test surface within 0.03 deg (0.5 mrad). The wheel plan of
the tire must be normal to the test surface within 0.03 deg (0.5
mrad) and parallel to the direction of motion of the test surface
within 0.03 deg (0.5 mrad).
2. Test Machine Control Accuracy
Exclusive of perturbations induced by the tire and rim non-
uniformities, the test equipment must control the test variables
within the following limits:
U.S. Customary Units SI Units
Tire Load 5 Ibf 22 N
Surface Speed 1 mph 2 km/h
* The manufacturer of this product is identified to clarify the
example and does not imply endorsement of the product.
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-23-
3. Test Machine Instrumentation Accuracy
The instrumentation used for readout and recording of test
data must be accurate within the following tolerances:
U.S. Customary Units SI Units
Tire Load 2 Ibf 8 N
Surface Speed 0.5 mph 0.8 km/h
Spindle Force 0.1 Ibf 0.4 N
Loaded Radius 0.1 in 0.002 m
B. The Test Cell Requirements
The primary requirement for the test cell is that the ambient
temperature be well controlled. In addition, the support services
of compressed air should be available for tire inflation as should
the necessary gauges to measure tire inflation.
1. Thermal Control
The ambient temperature in the vicinity of the test tire
shall be 75 + 5°F (24 + 3°C).
2. Temperature Measurement Precision
The instrumentation used to measure the ambient temperature
must be accurate to within 1 °F (0.5 °C). This instrumentation
shall be located approximately 15 inches from the tire, measured
perpendicular to the sidewall.
III. Test Procedure
The test procedure consists of the following steps: tire
mounting; tire break-in; equilibration of the tire to the test am-
bient temperature; adjustment of the cold inflation pressure; tire
warm-up and then measurement of the tire rolling resistance.
A. Tire Mounting
1. Rims
The tire shall be mounted on test rims which have an approved
contour and width as specified by the Tire & Rim Association,
Inc., as "design rim width" +_ one half inch for the size tire
being rested. For tire sizes not standardized by the Tire & Rim
Association, Inc., reference should be made to the appropriate
standardizing organization as listed in the Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standards (CFR Title 49 §571.109 Table I). These rims
shall have a maximum radial runout of 0.035 in (0.88 mm) and a
maximum lateral runout of 0.045 in (1.1 mm).
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-24-
2. Inflation Pressure
The inflation pressure of the tires after mounting shall be:
Alpha Numeric Size Tires 32 psi (220 kPa)
"P" Type tires 35 psi (240 kPa)
The tire inflation pressure after mounting shall be correct to
within 1 psi (6.8 kPa). The gauges used to measure this tire in-
flation pressure shall be accurate to within 0.5 psi (3.4 kPa).
B. Tire Break-in
Tires may undergo significant permanent growth upon first
operation and therefore may require an initial break-in and cool-
ing period prior to the start of the test. A break-in run con-
sisting of installing the tire on'the tire test machine and opera-
ting the system under the test conditions for a period of 1 hour
is recommended.
C. Thermal Conditioning
After initial break-in the tire shall be placed in the ther-
mal environment of the test conditions for a minimum period of 3
hours before the test. During this period the tire inflation
pressure should be checked and adjusted if necessary, to the
design cold inflation pressure of the tire.
D. The Rolling Resistance Measurement
The test consists of a final pressure check, loading the
tire, the tire warm-up, during which the tire temperature and in-
flation are allowed to increase as they would in typical service;
followed by the rolling resistance measurement.
1. Installation on the Test Machine
The inflation pressure of the tire shall be checked and ad-
justed if necessary. The inflation pressure immediately prior to
the test shall be correct to within 0.25 psi (1.7 kPa). The
gauges used to determine this pressure shall be accurate to within
0.25 psi (1.7 kPa). The tire shall then be installed on the test
machine if not already installed, and the load on the tire per-
pendicular to the test surface shall be adjusted to 80 percent of
the design load of the tire.
2. Tire Warm-up
The test tire shall be conditioned by operation at a speed of
50 mph for a minimum of 45 minutes.
-------
-25-
Tx = the test wheel drive torque of III D3.
Tp = the parasitic test wheel drive torque of III D4.
B. Tire Energy Dissipation Force
The tire energy dissipation force shall be calculated from
the net spindle reaction force by the following equation:
Fd = f(l + r/R) (2)
Where:
Fd = the tire energy dissipation force Ib (N),
F = the net tire spindle force Ib (N),
r = the tire loaded radius, in (m),
R = the test surface radius, in (m).
In the case of the torque measurement method the energy dis-
sipation force is to be calculated by:
Fd = T/R (3)
3. Rolling Resistance Measurements
Following the tire warm-up and with the test dynamometer
operating at 50 mph, the following parameters shall be recorded:
a. Tire spindle force or test wheel drive torque.
b. Normal load on the tire.
c. Loaded radius of the tire.
4. Measurement of Parasitic Losses
As a final measurement, the parasitic machine losses shall be
determined. The test machine speed shall be maintained at 50 mph
while the load onthe tire is reduced to approximately one percent
of the test load. Under this condition the following parameters
shall be determined:
a. Tire spindle force or test sheel drive torque.
b. Normal load on the tire.
IV. Data Analysis
The data reduction consists of the correction for the machine
parasitic losses, conversion to a tire energy dissipation force,
correction to the standard test temperature, and the computation
of the tire rolling resistance coefficient.
-------
-26-
A. Subtraction of Parasitic Losses
The spindle force or test wheel drive torque measurement of
the machine parasitic losses obtained in III. D4, shall be
subtracted from the spindle forces or test wheel drive torques
measured during the test, III. D3, to obtain the net spindle
reaction force or net drivewheel drive torque.
That is:
F = Fx - Fp (1)
T = Tx - Tp
Where:
F = the net spindle reaction force.
Fx = the spindle reactive force measured during the test,
III. D3.
Fp = the parasitic spindle reactive force of III. D4.
T = the net test wheel drive torque.
C. Temperature Correction
The tire energy dissipation force shall be corrected to the
standard test temperature of 75°F by the following equation:
Fd* = Fd[l + ct(tx - ts)J (4)
Fd* = the tire dissipative force at the standard tempera-
ture,
tx = the average measured temperature over the duration of
the test,
ts = the standard test temperature 75°F (24°C),
ct = the temperature correction coefficient, 5 x 10~-V°F
(9 x 10~3/°C).
The test ambient temperature shall always be within 75° _+ 5°F
(24 +_ 3°C), as described in II.B.l.; therefore, this linear
temperature correction will always be applied over a temperature
range of less than 5°F (3°C) for any one test.
D. Net Load Force
The parasitic load force measured in III D4 shall be sub-
tracted from the normal load force measured during the test IIID3
to obtain the net load force.
-------
-27-
That is:
L = LX - Lp (5)
Where :
L = the net load force,
LX = the tire load force measured during the test III D3.
Lp = the tire load force during the parasitic measurement
III D4.
E. Rolling Resistance Coefficient
The rolling resistance coefficient is calculated by dividing
the energy dissipation force by the net load imposed in the tire:
C = Fd*/L (6)
Where :
C = rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) .
Equations 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 may be combined into the follow-
ing single equation:
(Fx - Fp)(l + r/R)[l + ct(tx - ts)]
Likewise, equations 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 may be combined as:
n _ (Tx - Tp)[l + ct(tx - ts)]
-------
-28-
Appendix II
Comparison Between Replacement
Tire Market* and Test Matrix
Radials
Polyester cord
Rayon cord
Steel belt
f.g. belt
Aramid belt
Rayon belt
Conventional tread
Mud/snow tread
Year-round tread
Bias belted
Polyester cord
Steel belt
f.g. belt
Rayon belt
Conventional ti
Mud/snow tread
Bias ply
Polyester cord
Nylon cord
Conventional tread
Mud/snow tread
Retreads
Radials
Bias-belted
Bias ply
Conventional tread
Snow tread
Year-round tread
* "MTD's 14tt
January 28, 1980.
nch tires)
% Sales
53.0
92.0
8.0
71.6
18.3
4.0
6.2
tad 79.3
15.8
I 4.9
17.0
100.0
1.4
98.0
0.6
tad 79.3
15.8
30.0
98.0
2.0
:ad 79.3
15.8
17.7
12.0
40.0
48.0
:ad . 55.2
41.4
I 3.4
Annual Facts/Directory";
% Matrix
54.5
89.1
10.9
63.0
30.4
4.3
2.2
93.5
2.2
4.3
13.1
100.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
32.1
100.0
0.0
81.5
18.5
11.3
33.3
0.0
66.7
50.0
50.0
0.0
Modern Tire Dealer
-------
Manufacturers
-29-
Appendix II (cont'd)
% Sales
% Matrix
Goodyear
Firestone
Sears
Michelin
Wards
BFG
Kelly-Springfield
K-Mart
Atlas
Uniroyal
JCP
General
Dunlop
Dayton
Delta
Cooper
Armstrong
Remington
Multi-Mile
Hercules
Discount
14.0
10.5
10.0
5.0
5.0
4.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.2 not available
1.5
1.3 -
1.2
1.0 not available
1.0
1.0
* Extra Goodyear tires were obtained to test several
variables while the manufacturer remains constant.
Larger Sizes (chosen
P195-75R14
P215-75R14
P215-75B14
P225-75R15
P225-75B15
P215-75R15
P215-75B15
H7815
HR7815
G7815
GR7815
G7814
from the lists of most popular sizes)
38.1*
13.1
8.3
4.8
4.8
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
other
-------
-30-
APPENDIX III
SAMPLE DATA SHEET
-------
-31-
EPA - ID
UM - ID
Tire Size
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date
Load Range
Brand Name
D.O.T. Number
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Capped Air
Cold Inflation Pressure
Radial Load
Ambient Temperature
Final Inflation Pressure
Tire Circumference
Loaded Radius
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Manufacturer
Construction
Condition
Regulated Air
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-------
-32-
APPENDIX IV
Rolling Resistance Coefficients for 106 Tires
from a Recent EPA Tire Test Program
Tires are listed in order of increasing rolling resistance within their
construction groups.
Tire
Size
RRC
Comments
RADIAL
Goodyear Arriva
it
ti
ii
ii
ii
ii
B.F. Goodrich
Life saver XLM
Goodyear Viva
Goodyear Arriva
Goodyear Viva
Goodyear Arriva
ii
ii
Goodyear Viva
ii
ii
ii
Sears Guardsman
it
Goodyear Viva
ti
Goodyear Arriva
Firestone Deluxe
P185-80R13
P225-75R15
P185-80R13
ii
P215-75R14
P185-80R13
ii
P185-80R13
P185-80R13
P195-75R14
P185-80R13
P185-80R13
P215-75R15
P185-80R13
P185-80R13
ii
ii
ii
P185-75R13
ii
P185-80R13
ii
P155-80R13
P175-80R13
.00971
.00972
.00981
.00982.
.00985
.00993
.00997
.01027
.01040
.01050
.01051
.01055
.01058
.01065
.01065
.01065
.01066
.01078
.01088
.01099
.01109
.01110
.01110
.01114
Polyester Cord/Steel belt
it
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
Polyester cord/steel belt
Polyester cord/glass belt
Polyester cord/steel belt
Polyester cord/glass belt
Polyester cord/steel belt
ii
ii
Polyester cord/glass belt
ii
ii
ii
Polyester cord/glass belt
ii
Polyester cord/glass belt
ii
Polyester cord/steel belt
Polyester cord/glass belt
Champion Radial
-------
-33-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
RADIAL
Uniroyal Royal Seal
Delta Sierra GBR
Discount Arizonian
Montgomery Ward Gas Miser
Michelin XZX
ti
Firestone Radial Retread
Goodyear American Eagle
Michelin XZX
M
Armstrong Coronet X/A
Firestone Trax 12
Cooper Trendsetter
Firestone Trax 12
Atlas Goldenaire II
General Dual Steel II
Kelly Navigator
Firestone 721
Mont. Ward Grappler E'lire
Sears Roadhandler
Penney Mileagemaker XP
Firestone Radial Retread
Firestone 721
Dunlop Elite 70
Size
P185-80R13
BR78-13
P175-80R13
P185-80R13
P175-75R13
ii
HR78-15
P185-75R13
P175-75R13
ti
P185-75R13
P185-75R13
P185-75R13
P185-75R13
P185-75R13
BR78-13
P185-75R13
P175-75R13
P185-75R13
BR78-13
P185-80R13
HR78-15
P175-75R13
P195-70R13
RRC
.01137
.01159
.01159
.01159
.01171
.01190
.01195
.01196
.01207
.01208
.01222
.01222
.01239
.01240
.01242
.01250
.01250
.01262
.01268
.01270
.01274
.01283
.01294
.01298
Comment s
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
cord/steel belt
cord/glass belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
Rayon cord/steel belt
it
Polyester
retread
Polyester
cord/steel belt
cord/aramid belt
Rayon cord/steel belt
ii
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
retread
Polyester
Polyester
belt
cord/glass belt
cord/steel belt
cord/glass belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/aramid belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel belt
cord/steel + nyl
K-Mart KM Radial Plus
P185-75R13 .01305 Polyester cord/steel belt
-------
-34-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
RADIAL
Sears Roadhandler
Hawk
B.F. Goodrich T/A Mark
Hawk
Firestone
Town & Country Radial
Size
RRC
BR78-13 .01354
GR70-15 .01454
P175-70R13 .01462
GR70-15 .01469
P175-80R13 .01471
Comments
Polyester cord/steel belt
Polyester cord/steel belt
retread
Rayon cord/rayon belt
Rayon cord/steel belt retread
Polyester cord/steel belt
mud and snow tread
-------
-35-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
belt)
Goodyear Cushion Belt Poly Glas
it
Delta Custom 78
Montgomery Ward Runabout Belted
B.F.Goodrich Belted CLM
Multimile Power King Belted
B.F.Goodrich Belted CLM
it
Cooper Lifeliner
General Jumbo Belted
B.F. Goodrich Belted CLM
Penney El Tigre 278
Sears Superguard Belted
Size
I tires in this
as B78-13
it
it
C78-13
ed B78-13
P225-75B15
A78-13
P215-75B15
P215-75B14
B78-13
B78-13
P165-80B13
B78-13
A78-13
RRC
sampl
.01279
.01294
.01313
.01324
.01361
.01380
.01390
.01421
.01440
.01463
.01465
.01506
.01543
.01598
Comments
-------
-36-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
Size
BIAS PLY (all bias ply tires in this
otherwise stated)
Goodyear Powerstreak
"
"
"
Dunlop Gold Seal
Goodyear Powerstreak
n
n
n
n
Montgomery Ward Runabout
Goodyear Powerstreak
n
M
n
Kelly Benchmark
Uniroyal Fastrax
Sears Dynaply 24
n
Firestone Deluxe Champion
Hercules Saftipreme
Firestone Deluxe Champion
n
Firestone Town & Country
Atlas Cushionaire
K-Mart KM 78
Firestone Town & Country
B78-13
n
n
G78-15
B78-13
H78-15
B78-13
n
n
n
B78-13
G78-14
B78-13
n
n
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
n
B78-13
B78-13
A78-13
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
RRC Comments
sample have polyester body cord unless
.01291
.01292
.01304
.01320
.01326
.01335
.01341
.01349
.01350
.01353
.01354
.01356
.01357
.01358
.01361
.01375
.01383
.01471
.01482
.01500
.01509
.01517 Rayon cord, retread
.01536 (polyester cord,
non-retread)
.01568 Retread with mud and snow
tread
.01576
.01582
.01584 Retread with mud and snow
tread
-------
-37-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire Size RRC Comments
BIAS PLY (all bias ply tires in this sample have polyester body cord unless
otherwise stated)
Armstrong Power King B78-13 .01641
Firestone Deluxe Champion A78-13 .01695 Retread
Firestone Town & Country B78-13 .01702 Mud and snow tread
Firestone Deluxe Champion A78-13 .01714 Rayon cord, retread
Firestone Town & Country B78-13 .01753 Mud and snow tread
Firestone Deluxe Champion A78-13 .01754 Rayon cord, retread
Firestone Town & Country B78-13 .01810 Mud and snow tread
-------
-38-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
Size
BIAS-BELTED (all bias-belted tires in this
belt)
Goodyear Cushion Belt Poly Glas
M
M
Delta Custom 78
Montgomery Ward Runabout Belted
B.F. Goodrich Belted CLM
Multimile Power King Belted
B.F. Goodrich Belted CLM
ti
Cooper Lifeliner
General Jumbo Belted
B.F. Goodrich Belted CLM
Penney El Tigre 278
Sears Superguard Belted
B78-13
ii
ii
C78-13
B78-13
P225-75B15
A78-13
P215-75B15
P215-75B14
B78-13
B78-13
P165-80B13
B78-13
A78-13
RRC Comments
sample have polyester cord/glass
.01279
.01294
.01313
.01324
.01361
.01380
.01390
.01421
.01440
.01463
.01465
.01506
.01543
.01598
-------
-39-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
RADIAL
Sears Roadhandler
Hawk
B.F. Goodrich T/A Mark
Hawk
Firestone
Town & Country Radial
Size
BR78-13
GR70-15
P175-70R13
GR70-15
P175-80R13
RRC
.01354
.01454
.01462
.01469
.01471
Comments
Polyester cord/steel belt
Polyester cord/steel belt
retread
Rayon cord/rayon belt
Rayon cord/steel belt retread
Polyester cord/steel belt
mud and snow tread
-------
-40-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire
Size
BIAS PLY (all bias ply tires in this
otherwise stated)
Goodyear Powerstreak
it
it
ii
Dunlop Gold Seal
Goodyear Powerstreak
ii
ii
ii
it
Montgomery Ward Runabout
Goodyear Powerstreak
ii
ii
ii
Kelly Benchmark
Uniroyal Fastrax
Sears Dynaply 24
it
Firestone Deluxe Champion
Hercules Saftipreme
Firestone Deluxe Champion
it
Firestone Town & Country
Atlas Cushionaire
K-Mart KM 78
Firestone Town & Country
B78-13
it
it
G78-15
B78-13
H78-15
B78-13
it
ii
it
B78-13
G78-14
B78-13
it
it
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
ii
B78-13
B78-13
A78-13
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
B78-13
RRC Comments
sample have polyester body cord unless
.01291
.01292
.01304
.01320
.01326
.01335
.01341
.01349
.01350
.01353
.01354
.01356
.01357
.01358
.01361
.01375
.01383
.01471
.01482
.01500
.01509
.01517 Rayon cord, retread
.01536 (polyester cord,
non-retread)
.01568 Retread with mud and snow
tread
.01576
.01582
.01584 Retread with mud and snow
tread
-------
-41-
APPENDIX IV (Cont'd)
Tire Size RRC Comments
BIAS PLY (all bias ply tires in this sample have polyester body cord unless
otherwise stated)
Armstrong Power King B78-13 .01641
Firestone Deluxe Champion A78-13 .01695 Retread
Firestone Town & Country B78-13 .01702 Mud and snow tread
Firestone Deluxe Champion A78-13 .01714 Rayon cord, retread
Firestone Town & Country B78-13 .01753 Mud and snow tread
Firestone Deluxe Champion A78-13 .01754 Rayon cord, retread
Firestone Town & Country B78-13 .01810 Mud and snow tread
-------
-42-
Appendix V
Data and Data Reduction for Each of 106 Tires Tested
This appendix is too voluminous to be included in every copy
of this paper. If a copy of this appendix is desired, contact:
EPA/MVEL Library
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
Tel. (313) 668-4311
-------
Oo no+
r
o
Appendix V
Data and Data Reduction for Each of 106 Tires Tested
[Note: Tires #3063R and 3064R do not exist; they are not
missing from this appendix.]
-------
EPA - ID 3044 B
UM - ID UM-EPA-32
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/8/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand NamePolyglass Cushion Belt
D.O.T. Number MDFV VEO 120
Manufacturer Goodyear
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New-
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf')
Ambient Temperature ,80.2 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.6 psi
Tire Circumference 78.69 in.
Loaded Radius 11.82 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.60 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.90 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01294
-------
EPA - ID 3045 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-59
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/3/80
Tire Size P185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Viva
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MKJK C4T 190
Other Markings
Construction 1 goly. +2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.5 psi
Tire Circumference 77.31 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.30 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.30 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.56 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01110
-------
EPA - ID 3046 R
.DM - ID UM-EPA-58
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/3/80
Tire Size P185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Viva-
D.O.T. NumberMKJK C41 170
Other Markings
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 1 Poly. +2 Fiberglass
Condition , New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.0 psi
Tire Circumference 77.56 in.
Loaded Radius 11.34 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.71 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.95 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01051
-------
EPA - ID 3047 R
UM-EPA-60
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/3/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Brand Name Viva
Load Range
D.O.T. Number MDJK C41 180
Other Markings
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction IPoly. +2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X
>
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.8 psi
Tire Circumference 77.56 in.
Loaded Radius 11.40 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.30 TH
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01109
11.55 Ih
-------
EPA - ID 3048 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-56
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Brand Name Viva
Load Range
D.O.T. Number MKJK C41 180
Other Markings
Manufacturer Goodyear
Constructionl Poly. +2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 80.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.0 psi
Tire Circumference 77.44 in.
Loaded Radius 11.32 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.56 ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.82 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01040
-------
EPA - ID 3049 iUM - ID UM-F.PA-6T
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/4/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13 Load Range
Brand Name Viva I Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MKJK C41 180 Construction 1 Poly. +2 Fiberglass
Other Markings Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air ^_ Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load - 1Q41 ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.2 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.8 psi
Tire Circumference 77.44 in.
Loaded Radius 11.37 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel in.ftfi IK
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance ] 1 ,OQ i>,
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01065
-------
EPA - ID 3050 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-73
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/6/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Brand Name Viva
D.O.T. Number MKJK C41 190
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Load Range
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 1 Poly. +2 Fiberglass
Cond i t ion New
13: x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure ^s.
Radial Load TOM Ihf
Ambient Temperature 78.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.0 psi
Tire Circumference 77.44 jn.
Loaded Radius 11.33 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.0. lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.22 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01078
-------
EPA - ID 3051 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-57
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/3/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name
Viva
Manufacturer
Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MKJK C41 190
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. +2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air ^_
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.o psi
Radial Load 1041 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.6 psi
Tire Circumference 7.44 in.
Loaded Radius 11.35 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.86 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.10 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01066
-------
EPA - ID
3001-R
DM - ID
UM-EPA-9
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/16/80
Tire Size BR78-13
Load Range
Brand Name Sierra GBR
Manufacturer
Delta
D.O.T. Number
IMC 07°
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly- + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour 13X5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lb|
Ambient Temperature 82.8 F
Final Inflation Pressure 36-° Psi
Regulated Air
Tire Circumference 74.75 in.
Loaded Radius
11.19 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.26 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.66 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01159
-------
EPA - ID 3002-B
UM - ID UM-EPA-12
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/16/80
Tire Size C78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Custom 785
D.O.T. Number AKFX DHA 1428
Other Markings
Manufacturer
Delta
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° Psi
Radial Load 984 lbf
Ambient Temperature 83<6° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36'4 Psi
Tire Circumference76'81 in<
Loaded Radius
11.62 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.49 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.03 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01324
-------
EPA - ID 3003 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-17
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/23/80
Tire Size
Brand Name
P 185/75 R13
Guardsman
Load Range
Manufacturer
Sears
D.O.T. Number CHHA 174 319
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly- + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped- Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 lbf
Ambient Temperature 82.6° F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.3 psi
Tire Circumference 75.06 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 10.96 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.26 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.65 Ib.
.01088
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-------
EPA - ID 3004 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-20
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/28/80
Tire Size P 185/7S RT3
Brand Name Guardsman
D.O.T. Number CHHA 174 309
Other Markings
Load Range
Manufacturer ga,,
Construction ? Pr>i
Condition
New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
glnc:
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 lbf
Ambient Temperature 78.8° F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.5 psi
Tire Circumference 74.94 in.
Loaded Radius
10.98 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.56 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.76 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01099
-------
EPA - ID 3005-R
. UM - ID UM-EPA-6
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/15/80
Tire Size BR 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name Roadhandler
Manufacturer Sears
D.O.T. Number DHFW A2P8 090
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition , New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.Q psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.2° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.2 psi
Tire Circumference 75.4A in.
Loaded Radius 11.02 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.20 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.46 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01354
-------
EPA - ID 3006-R
UM - ID UM-EPA-8
. TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/16/80
Tire Size BR 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name Roadhandler
Manufacturer Sears
D.O.T. Number HDFW A2P8 090
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 STeel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psl
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 81.8 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.3 psi
Tire Circumference 75.44 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.10 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.30 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.68 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01270
-------
EPA - ID 3007 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-14
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/23/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Dyan Ply 24
D.O.T. Number CFFV IK2 419
Manufacturer Sears
Other Markings
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 81.0° F
Final Inflation Pressure 35-9 Psi
Regulated Air
Tire Circumference 79.50 in.
Loaded Radius
11.83 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.24 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.64 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01482
-------
EPA - ID 3008-D
.UM - ID UM-EPA-13
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/21/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Dyan Ply 24
D.O.T. Number CFFV
419
Manufacturer
Construction
Sears
Polyester
Other Markings
Condition , New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 92Q lbf
Ambient Temperature 81.8° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.0 psl
Regulated Air
Tire Circumference 79.13 in.
Loaded Radius 11.80 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.09 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01471
13.54 Ib.
-------
EPA - ID 3009 B
UM - ID UM-EPA-15
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/23/80
Tire Size
A 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name SuperGuard Belted
D.O.T. Number CFF5 182 439
Manufacturer Sears
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 848 lbf
Ambient Temperature 82.0° F
Regulated Air
Final Inflation Pressure 36<7 Psi
Tire Circumference 75.19 in.
Loaded Radius H-33 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.09 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.55 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01598
-------
EPA - ID
3010-R
DM - ID
UM-EPA-5
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/11/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Milage Maker XP
Manufacturer J-C. Penney
D.O.T. Number A3JK 120 310
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air X_
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 lbf
Ambient Temperature 82.4 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 39.2 psi
Tire Circumference 77.63 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.39 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.79 lb,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.26 lb.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01274
-------
EPA - ID -3Q1 l-
- ID
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date iQ/ii/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Brand Name El'Tigre 278
D.O.T. Number PLFV PBD 300
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 4-1/2 j
Load Range
Manufacturer
J.C. Penney
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition , New
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 82.6° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.4 psi
Tire Circumference 77.63 in.
Loaded Radius
11.68 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.68 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.20 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01543
-------
EPA - ID 3012-R
- ID UM-EPA-10
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/21/80
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Trendseter Radial
Manufacturer Cooper
D.O.T. Number UPHA CBU 249
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air ^
Cold Inflation Pressure 35-° Psi
Radial Load 979 lbf
Ambient Temperature 81-4 F
Final Inflation Pressure39-7 Psi
Tire Circumference 75.56 in.
Loaded Radius
11.00 In.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.75 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.13 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01239
-------
EPA - ID 3013-B
_ ID UM-EPA-7
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/15/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name Lifeliner Premium
D.O.T. Number UTFV CAA 449
ManufacturerCopper
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.6° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.7 psi
Tire Circumference 75.88 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.45 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.09 lb/
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.46 lb.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient '01463
-------
EPA - ID 3014-B
.UM - ID UM-EPA-11
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
':
Date 10/16/80
Tire Size A 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name X/P Belted
Manufacturer PowerKing
D.O.T. Number CVF5 EM3 159
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition , New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° Psi
Radial Load 848 lbf
Ambient Temperature 83.6° F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.9 psi
Tire Circumference 74.81 in.
Loaded Radius 11.30 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.30 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.79 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01390
-------
EPA - ID 3015 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-51
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size p 185/75 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Goldenaire II
Manufacturer Atlas
D.O.T. Number
4140
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Cond i t i on New
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 39.2 psi
Regulated Air
Tire Circumference 76.00 in.
Loaded Radius H-13 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.90 in.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.16 in.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01242
-------
EPA - ID 3016 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-45
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/20/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Cushionaire
Manufacturer Atlas
D.O.T. Number ADF VADC 3439
Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air ^
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.6 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36-3 Psi
Tire Circumference
Regulated Air
78.25 in.
Loaded Radius U'82 in-
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.13 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
.01576
14.50 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-------
EPA - ID 3017 R
.UM - ID UM- EPA-16
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/23/80
Tire Size P175/80 R13
Brand Name Steel Belted Radial1.
D.O.T. Number BDFU WRD 110
Other Markings
Load Range
Manufacturer
Arizonian
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition , New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X_
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 943 lbf
Ambient Temperature 82.0° F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.2 psi
Tire Circumference 75.50 in.
Loaded Radius
11.02 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.56 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.93 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01159
-------
EPA - ID 3019 D
UM - ID TTM-KPA--U
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/8/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Gold Seal 78
Manufacturer
Dunlop
D.O.T. Number DBFV C48 230
Other Markings
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.0° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36-3 Psi
Regulated Air
Tire Circumference 77.25 in.
Loaded Radius
11.58 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.90
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.20 1h.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01326
-------
EPA - ID 3020 R
UM - ID TTM-EPA-18
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/25/80
Tire Size P 175/75R13
Brand Name XZX
Load Range
Manufacturer Michel in
D.O.T. Number FHA3 A2MX 388
Other Markings
Construction 1 rayon + 2 steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 5-1/2 J
Capped Air
v;3pgulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 890 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 81 . 2 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37 . 8 psi
Tire Circumference 73.38 in. _
Loaded Radius 10.76 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.11 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.42 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01171
-------
EPA' - ID ^n?l -a UM - ID UM-EPA-21
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Michigan
1Q/2R/8Q
Tire Size P 175/75 R13 _ Load Range
Brand Name XZX Manufacturer Michelin
D.O.T. Number FHA3 A2MX 389 Construction 1 ravon + 2 steel
Other Markings Condition New
Rim and Contour 13 x 5-1/2 J
Capped Air x Regulated Air
/
Cold Inflation Pressure 35 . 0 psi.
Radial Load 890 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78 .6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.8 psi
Tire Circumference 73.38 in.
Loaded Radius 10.75 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.56 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.75 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01208
-------
EPA - ID -\c\77 T!
UM - ID TTM-F.PA-7 9
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1Q/30/80
Tire Size P 175/75R13
Brand Name:-.,XZX
Load Range
D.O.T. Number FHA3 A2MX 398
Other Markings
Manufacturer Mlchelin
Construction 1 rayon + 2 steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 4-1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 890 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78 . 4°F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.9 psl
Tire Circumference 73.38 In.
Loaded Radius 10.71 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.41 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
10.59 Ib
.01190
-------
EPA - ID 3023 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-1Q
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/28/80
Tire Size P 175/75R13
Brand Name XZX
Load Range
D.O.T. Number FHA3 A2MX 498
Other Markings
Manufacturer Mlchelin
Construction 1 rayon + 2 steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 4-1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 890 Ibf.
Ambient Temperature 78 . 4° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.6 psi
Tire Circumference 73.38 in.
Loaded Radius 10.76 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.56 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.74 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient . 01207
-------
EPA - ID 3024 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-23
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 10/30/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Brand Name Safetyprene
D.O.T. Number UTLV HAT 229
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Load Range
Manufacturer
Construction
Hercules
Polyester
Condition New
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 osi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 80.0 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.5 psi
Tire Circumference 76.25' in.'
Loaded Radius 11.50 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.54 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.88 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01509
-------
EPA - LU JU25 R ' .UM - ID UM-EPA-40
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE Revised
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/18/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13 Load Range
Brand Name Arriva ManufactureiGoodyear
D.O.T. Number MKJK VHP 090 Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Other Markings ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Condit ion New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air x Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35-° Psi
Radial Load 1041 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 37-8 Psi
Tire Circumference 77.38 in.
Loaded Radius n-29 in-
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.71 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.98 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01055
-------
EPA - ID 3026 R
.UM - ID UM-EPA-38
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE Revised
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/18/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name
Arriva
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MKJK VHP 090
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 STeel
Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 10*1 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.4° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.4 psi
Regulated Air
Tire Circumference 77.31 in.
Loaded Radius
11.28 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel
10.11 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.33 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .00993
-------
EPA - ID 3027 R
DM - ID UM-RPA--37
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/11/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Arriva
D.O.T. Number MKJK VHO 090
Other Markings
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80'4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 37-9 Psi
Tire Circumference 77.44 in.
Loaded Radius
11.33 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.11 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.38 Ib.
.00997
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-------
EPA - ID 3028 R DM - ID UM-F.PA-4?
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/20/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13 Load Range
Brand Name Arriva Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MKJK VHP 090 Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Other Markings Condition New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 10*1 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.8° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37-5 Psi
Tire Circumference 77.38 in.
Loaded Radius n-27 in-
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 9.97
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10. ?1
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .00981
-------
EPA - ID 3029 R
DM - ID
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date H/20/80
Tire Size p 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Arriva
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number
090
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.0 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.6 psi
Tire Circumference 77.63 in.
Loaded Radius 11.40 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 9.97 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.22 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .00982
-------
EPA - ID 3030 R
TTM-TTPA-/, Q
TIRE ING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/1/8Q
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Brand Name Arriva
D.O.T. Number MKJK. VHO 090
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 5-1/2 K
Load Range
Manufacturer
Construction j Pr.iv. + 7
Condition
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 10A1 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.0 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.5 psi
Tire Circumference 77.50 in.
Loaded Radius
11.30 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 9.82 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.10 Ib. _
-00971
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-------
EPA - ID 3031 R UM - ID UM-EPA-47
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/22/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13 Load Range
Brand Name Arriva Manufacturer Goodvear
D.O.T. Number MKJK VHP 090 Construction 1 Polv. + 2 Steel
Other Markings Condition
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air X Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Loaif 1041 lbf
II
Ambient Temperature 79.2 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.7 psi
Tire Circumference 77.50 in.
Loaded Radius 11.33 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.36 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.09 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01065
-------
EPA - ID 3032 D
UM - ID ITM-FPA-7&
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date
Tire Size B 78-13
Brand Name Power Streak 78
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 360
Other Markings
Load Range
Manufacturer
Construetion 2
Condition
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.8° F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.2 psi
Tire Circumference 76.38 in.
Loaded Radius 11.41 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.60 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.88 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01291
-------
EPA - ID 3033 D
TTM-
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/11/80
Tire Size B 78-13 Load Range B
Brand Name Power Streak 78 Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 339 Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings Condition New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air x Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 32. n
Radial Load 920 Ib,
Ambient Temperature &Q.2 ° F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.4
Tire Circumference 77.13 in.
Loaded Radius 11.51 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.20 lb.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.52 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01361
-------
EPA - ID 3034 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-50
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Power Streak 78
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 339
Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-l'/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° Psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.6 F
Final Inflation Pressure-^* 1
Tire Circumference 76-63 in-
Loaded Radius
11.44 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.20 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.48 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01357
-------
EPA - ID 3035 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-48
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/1/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name ?pwer Streak 78
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 340
Other Markings
Construction 2 Polyester
Cond i t i on New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbp
Ambient Temperature 81.0" F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.6 psi
Tire Circumference 76.25 in.
Loaded Radius H-35 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.05 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.41 Ib.
.01349
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-------
EPA - ID ^036 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-T9
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
Revised
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/18/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Power Streak 78
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 340
Other Markings
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 2 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.8°F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.4 psi
Tire Circumference 76.50 in.
Loaded Radius 11.40 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.20 lbf
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.49 lb^ _
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
-01358
-------
EPA - ID 3037 D
•DM - ID UM-EPA-46
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/20/80
Tire Size -B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Power Streak 78
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMD 360
Other Markings
Construction 2 Polyester
Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air ^
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° Psi
Radial Load 92° lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.0 F
Final Inflation Pressure 35-° Psi
Tire Circumference 76'06 in-
Loaded Radius U'37 in'
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.20 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.4A Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01353
-------
EPA - ID 3038 D DM - ID UM-EPA-30
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/6/80
Tire Size B 78-13 Load Range B
Brand Nam*?0™21" Streak 78 Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number m™ mQ 360 Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings Condition New
Test Rim and Contour *3 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air X Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 81.20
-------
EPA - ID 3039 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-26
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/1/80
Tire Size
B 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name Power Streak 78
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 360
Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air ^_
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° SP±
920 lb£
Radial Load
Ambient Temperature 80.0°F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.4 psi
Tire Circumference 76.00 in.
Loaded Radius 11.37 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.60 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.89 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01292
-------
EPA - ID 3040 D .DM - ID UM-EPA-35
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/11/80
Tire Size B 78-13 Load Range B
Brand Namep°wer Streak 78 i Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number OTFV A*10 360 Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour 13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air ^ Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° Psi
Radial Load 92° lbf
Ambient Temperature °
Final Inflation Pressure 35'5 psi
Tire Circumference 76'56 in'
Loaded Radius 11.40 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.05 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.34 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01341
-------
EPA - ID 3041 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-25
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/1/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand NamePower Streak 78
D.O.T. Number MDFV AMO 360
Other Markings
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 2 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32-° Psi
920 Ib,
Regulated Air
Radial Load
Ambient Temperature 79.2T
Final Inflation Pressure 35.9 psi
Tire Circumference 76.75 in.
Loaded Radius 11.44 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.75 in.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.00 in.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient -01304
-------
EPA - ID 30A2 B
UM - ID
UM-EPA-29
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date H/6/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Polyglass Cushion Belt Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. 'Number
VEO 12°
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 4-1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.6°F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.9 psi
Tire Circumference 78.56 in.
Loaded Radius 11.77 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.75 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01313
12.08 Ib.
-------
EPA - ID
3043 B
.DM - ID UM-EPA-33
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date i
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name Polyglass Cushion Beli:
D.O.T. Number MDFV VEO 120
Other Markings .
Manufacturer
Construction 2 Polv. + ?
Condition .
Test Rim and Contour
13 X 5-1/2 K
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.6°T
Final Inflation Pressure35.5 psi
Tire Circumference 78.50 in.
Loaded Radius
11.82 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.45 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 1-1.77 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
.01279
-------
EPA - ID 5005 B
UM - ID
UM-EPA-80
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/2/81
Tire Size P 225/75 B15
Load Range
Brand Name Belted CLM
Manufacturer B.F. Goodrich
D.O.T. Number BEHH WB1 310
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
15 x 5 1/2 JJ
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35. Q p
Radial Load 1499
Ambient Temperature 79.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 40.5 psi
Tire Circumference 88.50 in.
Loaded Radius 13.15 in. _
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 20.23 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 20.70 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01380
-------
EPA - ID 3052 R
.DM - ID UM-EPA-77
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
j
Date 12/9/80
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name
Viva
D.O.T. Number MKJK C41 190
Other Markings
Manufacturer
Construction
Condition ,
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Goodyear
1 Poly. +2 Fiberglass
New
Capped Air y
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.Q psi
Radial Load 1041 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.2 0/F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.2 psi
Tire Circumference 77.50 in.
Loaded Radius 11.38 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.86 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.09 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01065
-------
EPA - ID 3053 R
- ID TJM-EPA-31
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/8/80
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Load Range
Brand NameAmerican Eagle Radial
D.O.T. Number MKHA MCH 119
Other Markings .
Manufacturer
Goodyear
Construction 2 Poly. +2 Arimid
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.2 psi
Tire Circumference 75.13 in.
Loaded Radius 11.10 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.45 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.71 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01196
-------
EPA - ID 3Q54 p
TTM-FPA-Q1
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/13/81
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Brand Name Suburbanite
D.O.T. Number MDFV YBO 310
Other Markings
Load Range
Manufacturer
Goodyear
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Loaa2Q Ibf
Ambient Temperature 77.8 T*
Final Inflation Pressure 36.0 psi
Tire Circumference 77.31 in.
Loaded Radius 11.55 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel i y qg
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .
i A i a
-------
EPA - ID 3055
.UM - ID UM-EPA-96
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
j
Date 1/15/81
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Load Range
B
Brand Name Suburbanite
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV YBO 310
Construction 4 Polyester
Other Markings
Condition , New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 77.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.6 psi
Tire Circumference 76.69 in.
Loaded Radius 11.48 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.28 lh
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.42 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01568
-------
EPA - ID 3056 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-93
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/13/81
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Load Range
Brand Name Suburbanite
D.O.T. Number MDFV YBO 310
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 4 Polyester
Other Markings R DBF 4N 460 Condition Retread
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 77.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.8 psi
Tire Circumference 76.13 in.
Loaded Radius 11.31 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.58 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.78 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01607
-------
EPA - ID 3057 D
DM - ID
UM-EPA-89
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/10/81
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Suburbanite
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDFV YB) 310
Other Markings R DBF 4N 460
Test Rim and Contour 13x 5 1/2 K
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition Retread
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 75.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.5 psi
Tire Circumference 76.44 in.
Loaded Radius 11.42 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 15.32 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 15.37 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01670
-------
EPA - ID 3058 R
.UM - ID
UM-EPA-41
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
i
Date 11/20/80
Tire Size P 155/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Arriva
Manufacturer Goodvear
D.O.T. Number MDE4 VHO 020
Construction 1 Poly +2 Steel
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Condition . New
13 x 511/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load?67 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 "jr
Final Inflation Pressure 37.4 psi
Tire Circumference 71.44 in.
Loaded Radius 10.65 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 8.33
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance _
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .OHIO
8.51
-------
EPA - ID 3059 R
DM - ID TTM-FPA-?7
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date H/l/80
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Brand Name Navigator
Load Range
D.O.T. Number PJHAKBJ 330
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Manufacturer Kellev Springfield
Construction 1 Poly. +2 Steel
Condition New
13rx 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 80.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.6 psi
Tire Circumference 76.00 in.
Loaded Radius 11.15 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.90 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.23 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01250
-------
EPA - ID
n
UM - ID TTM-F.PA-AT
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 11/20/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range R_
Brand Name Bench mark
D.O.T. Number PLFV KDP 319
Other Markings
Manufacturer Kellev Springfield
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air v
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.5 psi
Tire Circumference 77.81 in.
Loaded Radius 11.69 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.35 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.65 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01375
-------
EPA - ID 3061 R
~ ID UM-EPA-78
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/9/80
Tire Size P 175/75 R13
Load Range
Brand Name 721
Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VEET BAA 210
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition . New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 51/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 890 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.9 psi
Tire Circumference 73.13 in.
Loaded Radius 10.78 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.01 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.23 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01262
-------
EPA - ID 3062 R
TTM-T7PA-7A
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/6/80
Tire Size P 175/75 R13
Load Range
Brand Name
721
Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VEET BAA 130
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 890 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.9 psi
Tire Circumference 73.06 in.
Loaded Radius 10.76 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.30 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.51 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01294
-------
EPA - ID 3065 R
UM - ID
UM-EPA-94
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/13/81
Tire Size
P 175/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Deluxe Champion Radial
D.O.T. Number VDJU DBO 529
Other Markings
Manufacturer Eirestrong
Construction 1 Polv. + 2
Cond i t ion New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 943 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 76.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38-° Psi
Tire Circumference 75.25 in.
Loaded Radius
11.06 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel IQ /.i -TV,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.50 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01114
-------
EPA - ID 3066 D
.UM - ID UM-EPA-62
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/4/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Brand Name Deluxe Champion
D.O.T. Number VCFV TIY 040
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Load Range B_
Manufacturer Firestone
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition . New
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X .
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.6 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.0:psi..
Tire Circumference 7.7.25 in.
Loaded Radius
11.56 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel n.yn
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient
i A . 1 "3 -\
.01536
-------
EPA - ID 3067 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-75
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/9/80
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Deluxe Champion
D.O.T. Number VCFV TIY 040
Manufacturer Firestone
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure . 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.3 psi
Tire Circumference 77.19 in.
Loaded Radius 11.56 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.54
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient _ .01500
13.80 lh
-------
EPA - ID 3068 D
DM - ID
UM-EPA-61
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/4/80
Tire Size A 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Deluxe Champion
D.O.T. Number VBF5 ECV 217
Other Markings R DPW 7N 270
Manufacturer Firestone
Construction 2 Rayon
Condition
Retread
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load848 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.5 psi
Tire Circumference 74.75 in.
Loaded Radius 11.26 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.58 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.87 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01754
-------
EPA - ID 3069 D
:UM - ID
UM-EPA-76
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/9/80
Tire Size A.78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Deluxe Champion
Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VLF5 ECY 416
Other Markings R DBF 7N 270
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 41/2 J
Construction 2 Polyester
Condition . Retread
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 848 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.7 psi
Tire Circumference 75.19 in.
Loaded Radius 11.20 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.13 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.37 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01695
-------
EPA - ID 3070 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-72
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/6/80
Tire Size A 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Deluxe Champion
Firestone
D.O.T. Number VBF5 ECV 436
Other Markings R DBF 7N 360
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 4 1/2 J
Manufacturer
Construction 2 Rayon
Condition Retread
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 848 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.7 psi
Tire Circumference 75.19 in.
Loaded Radius 11.27 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.64 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.87 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01517
-------
EPA - ID 3071 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-79
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/9/80
Tire Size A 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Deluxe Champion
D.O.T. Number VBFV ECV 038
Manufacturer Firestone
Construction 2 Rayon
Other Markings R DBF 7N 260
Condition . Retread
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 41/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 848
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.6 psi
Tire Circumference 74.88 in.
Loaded Radius 11.28 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.28 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.53 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01714
-------
EPA - ID 3072 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-67
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date i7/A/an
Tire Size P 175/80 R13 M/S
Brand Name Town and Country Radial
D.O.T. Number VDJU V80 209
Other Markings
Load Range
Manufacturer Firestone
Test Rim and Contour
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
13 x 4 1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 943 lbf
Ambient Temperature 77.8 °7
Final Inflation Pressure 39.4 psi
Tire Circumference 75.25 in.
Loaded Radius 11.12 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 13.68 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.87 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .04471
-------
EPA - ID 3073 D
UM - ID
UM-EPA-69
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/5/80
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Load Range B
Brand Name Town and Country Snowbiter Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VCFV VXY 259 Construction 4 Polyester
Condition
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
New
13 x 4 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.4 psl
Tire Circumference 76.38 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.55 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 16.36 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 16.65 1T>
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01810
-------
EPA - ID
3074 D
.UM - ID
UM-EPA-70
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
:
Date 12/5/80
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Load Range
B
Brand Name Town and Country Snowbiter Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VCFV VXY 259 Construction New
Other Markings Condition .
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5'1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ib"^'
Ambient Temperature 77.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.9 psi
Tire Circumference 76.75 in.
Loaded Radius 11.58 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 15.47 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 15.66 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01702
-------
EPA - ID 3075 D
DM - ID UM-EPA-71
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/5/80
Tire Size B78-13 M/S
Load Range
Brand Name Town and Country Snowbiter Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VCFV VXY 259 Construction 4 Polyester
Other Markings Condition
Test Rim and Contour
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 77.6 °T
Final Inflation Pressure 35.6 psi
Tire Circumference 75.88 in.
Loaded Radius 11.45 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 15.92 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 16.13 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01753
-------
EPA - ID 3076 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-65
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/4/80
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Load Range B
Brand Name Town and Country Snowbiter Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VHFV ECW 358 Construction 2 Polyester
Other Markings RDBP 4N 140 Condition Retread
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 4 1/2 J ' '.
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.2 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.7 psi
Tire Circumference 76.06 in.
Loaded Radius 11.38 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.13 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.43 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01568
-------
EPA - ID 3077 D
TIM-RPA-68
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
I
Date 12/4/80
Tire Size B 78-13 M/S
Load Range B
Brand Name Town and Country Snowbiter Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VHFV ECY 109 Construction 2 Polyester
Condition . Retread
Other Markings R DBP 4N 150
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 51/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 77.0 "7
Final Inflation Pressure 34.9 psi
Tire Circumference 75.50 in.
Loaded Radius -11.29 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.43 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.57 ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01584
-------
EPA - ID 3078 R
UM - ID UM--EPA-64
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/5/80
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Trax 12
Manufacturer Firestone
D.O.T. Number VDHA TRA 020
Other Markings
Construction 1 poly. + % Steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 lbf
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.6 psi
Tire Circumference 75.06 in.
Loaded Radius 11.02 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
.Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.75 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.96 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01222
-------
EPA - ID 3079 R
- ID
TTM-RPA-66
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/4/80
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Brand Name Trax 12
Load Range
D.O.T. Number VDHA TRA 020
Other Markings ^^^^^^_^^^_^
Manufacturer Firestone
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Cond i t ion New
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psl
Radial Load 979 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 79.0 °!F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.6 psi
Tire Circumference 75.06 in.
Loaded Radius 11.02 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11 . Qn -\
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient _ .01240
i ?
-------
EPA - ID 3080 R
UM - ID
UM-EPA-100
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
I
Date 1/16/81
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Royal Seal
D.O.T. Number APJK UKJ 140
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Manufacturer Uniroyal
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition - New
13 x 5' 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure ^s.n
Radial Load 1041
Ambient Temperature 79. Q °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.7 psi
Tire Circumference 77.56 in. _
Loaded Radius 11.38 in. _
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.60 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.83 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01137
-------
EPA - ID 3081 D
UM - ID
UM-EPA-101
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/16/81
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Fastrax
Manufacturer Uniroyal
D.O.T. Number ALFV EC. 1270
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Construction 2 Polyester
Condition New
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air y
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 78.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.9 psi
Tire Circumference 76.38 in.
Loaded Radius 11.40 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.49 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.73 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01383
-------
EPA - ID 3082 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-88
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/10/81
Tire Size P iss/sn
Load Range
Brand Name Lif esaver XT.M
D.O.T. Number BEJK Ell 499
Other Markings _
Manufacturer r,nn
Construction 1 Pn1y
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure is.O
Radial Load 1041 lh£
Ambient Temperature 74.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.4 psi
Tire Circumference 77.81 in. _
Loaded Radius 11.33 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 10.71 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 10.69 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01027
-------
EPA - ID 3083 R
UM - ID Um-EPA-92
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/13/81
Tire Size 175/70 R13
Load Range
Brand Name -,T/A Mark
Manufacturer Goodrich
D.O.T. Number BEFH UF 1090
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Construction 6 Rayon + 2 rayon
Condition New
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 PS!
Radial Load 784 lbf
Ambient Temperature 77.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.0 psi
Tire Circumference 71.81 in.
Loaded Radius 10.77 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.in 1h
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11 .Afi i^
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01462
-------
EPA - ID 3Q84 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-95
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/15/81
Tire Size P 165/80 B13
Brand Name Belted CLM
Load Range
Manufacturer Goodrich
D.O.T. Number BEJY NB 1370
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 855 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 76.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 39.1 psi
Tire Circumference 74.69 in.
Loaded Radius 11.29 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.79 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance . 12.88 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01506
-------
EPA - ID 3085 R
- ID UM-EPA-98
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/15/81
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Load Range
Brand Name KM Radial Plus
Manufacturer
K-Mart
D.O.T. Number CCHA KTB 280
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.Q psi
Radial Load 979 lbr
Ambient Temperature 74.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 39.8 psi
Tire Circumference 75.06 in.
Loaded Radius 11.11 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.79 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.78 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01305
-------
EPA - ID 3086 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-99
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/16/81
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name-,.KM 78
D.O.T. Number CCFV K9C 220
Other Markings
Manufacturer K-Mart
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition
New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air y
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 78.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.5 psi
Tire Circumference 78.31 in.
Loaded Radius 11.74 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.28 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.55 ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01582
-------
EPA - ID 3087 R
TTM-F.PA-in?
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/17/81
Tire Size P 185/80 R13
Load Range
Brand Name Gas Miser
D.O.T..Number W2JK MD5 200
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Manufacturer Montgomery Ward
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1041 lbf
Ambient Temperature 77.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.8 psi
Tire Circumference 77.25 in.
Loaded Radius 12.24 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.90 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.07 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01159
-------
EPA - ID 3Q88 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-97
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/15/81
Tire Size P 185/75 R13
Brand Name Grappler Elire
D.O.T. Number VCHA MVD 408
Load Range
Other Markings
Manufacturer Montgomery Ward
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Aramid
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 979 lbf
Ambient Temperature 76.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 39.2 psi
Tire Circumference 75.00 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.04 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.35 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01268
12.41 Ib
-------
EPA - ID 3089 D
UM - ID UM-EPA-90
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/13/81
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
Brand Name., Runabout
D.O.T. Number VCFV MY2 150
Manufacturer Montgomery Ward
Construction 4 Polyester
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Condition New
13:-x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 76.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.7 psi
Tire Circumference 75.81 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius .11.29 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.35 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.46 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01354
-------
EPA - ID 3090 B
' UM - ID ITM-RPA-
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/17/81
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range
B
Brand Name Runabout Belted
D.O.T. Number VJFV MY1 120
Other Markings
Manufacturer Montgomery Ward
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air -^
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 lbf
Ambient Temperature 78.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.2 psi
Tire Circumference 75.81 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 11.46 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.34 lh
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.53 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01361
-------
EPA - ID 3091 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-104
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/17/81
Tire Size BR 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name Dual Steel II
Manufacturer General
D.O.T. Number ACFW BRD 290
Other Markings
Construction 1 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920
Regulated Air
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 35.1 psi
Tire Circumference 74.31 in-
Loaded Radius 10.97 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.30 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.50 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01250
-------
EPA - ID 3092 B
UM - ID UM-EPA-105
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/17/81
Tire Size A 78-13
Load Range B
Brand Name-..Belted Jumbo 780
D.O.T. Number ADF5 E8C259
Manufacturer General
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air X
Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 848 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure36.0 psi
Tire Circumference 74.06 in.
Loaded Radius 11.18 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.20 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 12.42 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01465
-------
EPA - ID 3093 R UM - ID UM-EPA-107
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/17/81
Tire Size P 185/75 R13 Load Range
Brand Name Coronet X/A ' Manufacturer Armstrong
D.O.T. Number CKHA EWC 180 Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Other Markings Condition ' New -
Test Rim and Contour 13 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.Q psi
Radial Load 979 lbF
Ambient Temperature 78.6 °P
Final Inflation Pressure 39.0 psi
Tire Circumference 74.69 in.
Loaded Radius 11.QQ in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in. Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.75 lb
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.96 lb
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01222
-------
EPA - ID 3094 D
TTM-RPA-
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/17/81
Tire Size B 78-13
Load Range R_
Brand Name Power King
D.O.T. Number CVFV EM3 320
Other Markings
Manufacturer Armstrong
Construction 2 Polyester
Condition
Test Rim and Contour
13 x 5 1/2 J
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 920 Ibf
Ambient Temperature 80.0 °7 .
Final Inflation Pressure 36.1 psi
Tire Circumference 76.38 in.
Loaded Radius 11.33 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.73 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 15.10 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01641
-------
EPA - ID
4001 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-54
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size P 215/75 R14
Brand Name Arriva
D.O.T. Numbe¥KHB VHO 060
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Load Range
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition
New
14 x 5 1/2 JJ
Capped Air y
Cold Inflation Pressure ^q.n
Radial Load
Regulated Air
Ambient Temperature 80.0 "K
Final Inflation Pressure 38.4 PS!
Tire Circumference 83.81 in. _
Loaded Radius 12.11 in. _
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 12.79 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 13.n jp
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .00985
-------
EPA - ID 4002 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-55
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size P 195/75 R14
Load Range
Brand Name Arriva
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MDKA VH1 360
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition ' New
14 x 5 1/2 JJ
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure ^S.Q nsi
Radial Load 1120 lbf
Ambient Temperature 80.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.0 psi
Tire Circumference 80.25 in.
Loaded Radius 11.72 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 11.45 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 11.76 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01050
-------
EPA - ID 4003 D
UM - ID
UM-EPA-52
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size G 78-14
Brand Name Power Streak 78
D.O.T. Number
Other Markings
MDL9 YNO 340
Test Rim and Contour 14 x 6 JJ
Load Range
B
Manufacturer Goodyear
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 1296 lbf
Ambient Temperature 73.8 °T?
Final Inflation Pressure 36.2 psi
Tire Circumference 85.88 in.
Loaded Radius 12.64 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 17.25 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 17.58 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01356
-------
EPA - ID 4004 B
UM - ID
UM-EPA-53
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 12/2/80
Tire Size P 215/75 B14
Load Range
Brand Name,-. Belted C,L
Manufacturer Goodrich
D-O.T. Number BEHB WB 1240
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
14 x 6 JJ
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1331 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.6 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 40.0 psi
Tire Circumference 84.13 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 12.57 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 18.74 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 19.17 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01440
-------
EPA - ID 5001 R
UM - ID
UM-EPA-85
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/5/81
Tire Size P 225/75 R15
Load Range
Brand Name Arriva
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MKHH VHO 360
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. +. 2 Steel
Condition ' New
Test Rim and Contour
15 x 6 1/2 JJ
Capped Air
Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1499 Ibf
Ambient Temperature? 77.0 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.5 psi
Tire Circumference 88.88 in.
Loaded Radius 12.82 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.43 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.57 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .00972
-------
EPA - ID 5002 R
UM - ID
UM-EPA-81
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/2/81
Tire Size P 215/75 R15
Load Range
Brand Name Arriva
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number M6HF VHP 200
Other Markings
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition
New
Test Rim and Contour
15 x 5 1/2 K
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1394 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.4 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 38.4 psi
Tire Circumference 87.06 in.
Loaded Radius 12.59 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 14.43
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 14.75 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01058
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EPA - ID 5QQ3 p
UM - ID
UM-EPA-87
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/5/81
Tire Size H 78-15
Load Range B
Brand Name-. Power Streak 78
Manufacturer Goodyear
D.O.T. Number MEVX YNO 289
Other Markings
Construction 4 Polyester
Condition New
Test Rim and Contour
15 x 5 1/2 JJ
Capped Air x
Cold Inflation Pressure 12.Q PS!
Radial Load 1416 lbF
fc i
Ambient Temperature 76.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.6 psi
Tire Circumference 91.31 jn.
Loaded Radius 13.42 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 18.74 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 18.91 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01335
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EPA - ID
n
UM - ID TTM-F.PA-ftfi
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/5/81
Tire Size G 78-15
Load Range B
Brand Name Power Streak 78
Manufacturer Goodyear'
D.O.T. Number MEW YNO 479
Other Markings
Construction 4 polyester
Condition ' New
Test Rim and Contour 15 x 5 1/2
K
Capped Air
Regulated Air
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 1296 lbf
Ambient Temperature 76.8 °F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.4 psi
Tire Circumference 89.06 in.
Loaded Radius 13.14 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 16.96 Ib
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 17.11 Ib
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01320
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EPA - ID 5006 B
UM - ID UM-EPA-84
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/5/81
Tire Size P 215/75 B15
Brand Name Belted CLM
D.O.T. Number BEHF WBI 270
Other Markings
Test Rim and Contour 15 x 5 1/2 JJ
Load Range
Manufacturer Goodrich
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Fiberglass
Condition New
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 35.0 psi
Radial Load 1394 Ib
Ambient Temperature 76.8°F
Final Inflation Pressure 40.5 psi
Tire Circumference 86.88 in.
Loaded Radius 12.97 in.,
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 19.63 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 19.81 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01421
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EPA - ID 5007 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-83
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/5/81
Tire Size GR 70-15
Brand Name Dual Steel
D.O.T. Number ADU5 CX B445
Other Markings RJPH K5
Test Rim and Contour 15 x 5 1/2 K
Load Range
B
Manufacturer Hawk
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition Retread
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 1296 lbf
Ambient Temperature 76.6°F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.5 psi
Tire Circumference 86.69 in.
Loaded Radius 12.61 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 18.89 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 19.04 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01469
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EPA - ID 5008 R
UM - ID Un-EPA-82
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 1/2/81
Tire Size GR 70-15
Brand Name Steel Belted Radial
D.O.T. Number VCU5 CX 3496
Other Markings R JPH K5
Test Rim and Contour 15 x 6 1/2 JJ
Load Range B
Manufacturer Hawk
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition Retread
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 1296 lbf
Ambient Temperature 79.4°F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.0 psi
Tire Circumference 86.75 in.
Loaded Radius 12.71 in.
Regulated Air
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 18.44 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 18.85 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01454
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EPA - ID 5009 R
UM - ID UN-EPA-109
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 2/23/81
Tire Size HR 78-15
Load Range B
Brand Name Steel Belted Radial
D.O.T. Number W2VY DH3 417
Manufacturer Firestone
Other Markings R PDA 9Y2 210
Test Rim and Contour 15 x 6 JJ
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition Retread
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 1416 lbf
Ambient Temperature 82.0*F
Final Inflation Pressure 37.0 psi
Tire Circumference 88.56 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 12.78 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 17.55 Ib,
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 18.16 Ib.
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01283
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EPA - ID 5010 R
UM - ID UM-EPA-108
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date 2/23/81
Tire Size HR 78-15
Load Range B
Brand Name Steel Belted Radial
D.O.T. Number PDVY ETO 217
Manufacturer Firestone
Other Markings R PDA 9Y2 210
Test Rim and Contour 15 x 6 JJ
Construction 2 Poly. + 2 Steel
Condition Retread
Capped Air X
Cold Inflation Pressure 32.0 psi
Radial Load 1416 lbf
Ambient Temperature 81.8°F
Final Inflation Pressure 36.1 psi
Tire Circumference 88.75 in.
Regulated Air
Loaded Radius 12.77 in.
Test Wheel Diameter 67.23 in.
Wheel Speed 50 mph
Wheel Surface 80 Grit
Equlibrium Rolling Resistance 67-In. Dia. Wheel 16.36 Ib.
Temperature Corrected Rolling Resistance 16.92
Rolling Resistance Coefficient .01195
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