71-24
Exhaust Emissions from a Passenger Car
With Gasoline Treated With Bycosin Fuel Additive
April 1971
Leonard D. Verrelli
Division of Emission Control Technology
Mobile Source Pollution Control Program
Air Pollution Control Office
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGNECY
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Vehicle Tested
In order to evaluate the effects of the additive Bycosin a
1962 Chevrolet Impala was selected. There is extensive data
on this vehicle and it has a record of good repeatability.
This vehicle is equipped with a 283 cubic inch V8 engine
and automatic transmission. The additive was mixed with
Indolene 30 fuel as specified by the manufacturer.
Tests Conducted
The following four tests were performed on the vehicle:
1. Standard 1970 Federal test procedure for exhaust
emissions (Table 1).
2. Closed, constant volume sampling technique using
nine repeats of the 7-mode 1970 Federal emissions
test cycle (Table 2).
3. Standard 1972 Federal test procedure using the LA-4-
S3 driving cycle with constant volume sampling
(Table 3).
4. Steady State Test procedure, using the continuous
sampling technique (Table 4).
For the 1970 Federal test procedure, oxides of nitrogen
were analyzed using a continuous non-dispersive infrared
technique. For the constant volume sampling tests oxides of
nitrogen were measured using both the wet chemical modified
Saltzman technique and the electrochemical "NOX Box". Carbon
monoxide was measured using non-dispersive infrared and hydro-
carbons were determined using a flame ionization detector.
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Emission Results
In Table 1 comparisons are made between two identical tests
using the 1970 Federal test procedure. Minor increases
were noted in hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions
but oxides of nitrogen showed a minor decrease in emissions.
Table 2 constant volume tests shows the same type of emission
results.
X
The 1972 Federal test procedure reported in Table 3 shows
a specific improvement in hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and
oxides of nitrogen.
During steady state conditions shown in Table 4 hydrocarbons
and carbon monoxide data consistently showed a significant
reduction, oxides of nitrogen increased considerably at
all speeds. A 1963 Chevrolet Impala with automatic
transmission was used for this test only.
Conclusions
Data from tests utilizing a cyclic driving pattern differed
considerably from that of steady state operation. The
steady state operation showed a significant increase, the
exact opposite was found when the cyclic driving patterns
were driven.
These data proved to be inconclusive in that no consistant
repeatable data was obtained.
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To be able to obtain consistent data complex programs have
to be developed to provide a confidence factor in any
improvements found. Unless extensive testing is accomplished
it is impossible to say conclusively what the effects of
Bycosin would be on emissions for the total car population.
The results of this test do not justify such a program by
this Agency.
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TABLE 1
1970 Federal Test Procedure
HC gpm CO gpm NOx
Baseline (Indolene 30) 7.25 71.66 4.14
Bycosin (Indolene 30 plus additive) 7.79 72.20 3.62
Percent Reduction from Baseline -6.93% -0.88% 12.6%
(Increase) (Increase)
TABLE 2
9 Cycle Constant Volume Sampling
HC gpm CO gpm NOX gpm
Baseline (Indolene 30) 10.58 89.31 4.35
Bycosin (Indolene 30 plus additive) 10.92 92.98 4.26
Percent Reduction from Baseline -3ill% -3.94% 2.06%
(Increase) (Increase)
TABLE 3
1972 Federal Test Procedure
HC gpm CO gpm NOX gpm
Baseline (Indolene 30) 9.5 112.3 4.15
Bycosin (Indolene 30 plus additive) 8.33 101.19 3.81
Percent Reduction from Baseline 12,32% 9.89% 8.19%
gpm indicates calculated mass in grams per mile
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TABLE 4
Steady State
State
10 MPH
20 MPH
30 MPH
C
40 MPH
50 MPH
Baseline
HC
CO
NO
HC
CO
NO
HC
CO
NO
HC
CO
NO
HC
CO
NO
254.1
2.2
118.1
276.7
1.9
242.1
354.5
2.0
517.6
411.5
4.1
601.8
370.7
4.1
846.9
314.6
2.3
104.4
299.9
1.7
206.6
382.9
2.21
381.5
376.6
3.1
724.2
371.3
4.2
829.3
Addi tive
230.3
1.3
158.1
254.1
1.2
327.2
327.9
1.4
612.9
* 391.9
3.8
665.2
356.4
3.6
985.5
260.9
1.4
136.2
270.0
1.1
265.7
368.2
1.6
619.7
388.2
2.6
924.2
354.5
3.4
1003.3
% Reduct
13.6%
39.6%
-24.4%
9.1%
36.0%
-22.9%
5.6%
28.6%
-27.0%
1.0%
11.1%
-16.6%
4.2%
16.6%
-15.7%
HC and NO given in ppm (parts per million)
CO given in %
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