72-15
Emission Report on the Tsurumi
     Trading Co. Manifold
         February 1972
        John C. Thomson
  Test § Evaluation Branch

            Revised
              by

        Henry L. Gompf
  Test tj Evaluation Branch
Environmental Protection Agency

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Background

On the basis of locally obtained test results, Tsurumi
Trading Company, Ltd. of Japan, requested emission tests
on a device they had developed.  A committment to test was
made by EPA and arrangements for vehicle delivery were made.
The vehicle was delivered in late August 1971, for testing.

Device
Basically the Tsurumi system provides a method for preheating
the air-fuel mixture prior to combustion.  A new manifold was
designed which involved enclosing the intake manifold in the
exhaust manifold forming a heat exchanger arrangement.  Additional
air is supplied to the intake manifold through the use of an air
valve installation below the carburetor.  This new arrangement
was designed to minimize unequal distribution to the cylinders
and provide more efficient combustion.  In addition, the engine
compression ratio could be slightly lowered by the installation
of a spark plug spacer.  The vehicle was tested using three
different types of fuels.

Test Program

For this test series a vehicle was supplied by Tsurumi.  This
vehicle was a Nissan Cedric with a six cylinder engine and
manual transmission.  For these tests the vehicle choke was
disconnected.  Three different fuels were used for these tests.
Fuel #1 was a mixture of kerosene, toluene, and gasoline, while
fuel #2 was a mix of 30% kerosene and 701 toluene.  The third
fuel was Indolene 30.

The test program consisted of a series of 1975 Fede,ral Test
Procedure emission tests as described in the July 2, 1971,
Federal Register.  This test employs a constant volume sampling
system.  Because of probable hang-up of the heavy hydrocarbons
in tests using fuels #1 and #2, the hydrocarbon results reported
are probably lower than the actual value that would be determined
if continuous sampling and a heated flame ionization detector
were used.  Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were measured
from the sample bag using non-dispersive infrared analyzers.
Oxides of nitrogen were measured using a chemiluminescence
detector.

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                             2.
Results

The test results are reported in the Appendix and are separated
according to fuel used (Table I).   The first test on gasoline
^as run with no changes in the engine settings.   The second
test with gasoline was with raised compression and optimized for
gasoline.  For reference, the Federal standards  for 1976 are
listed at the bottom of the table.  During these tests, starting
tfas difficult and the vehicle seemed to be quite sensitive to
starting procedure.

Conclusions

This modified engine system does not appear to be a likely
candidate for future application.   Any significant emission
reduction would require considerably more control over the
air-fuel ratio and probably a catalytic converter.

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                 Table 1
Test Results from. Tsurumi Cedric Vehicle
        Using 1975 Test Procedure

     (All Results in Grams Per Mile)
Fuel Used
#2
#1
Gasoline
Gasoline
Date
8-30-71
8-31-71
9-1-71
9-2-71
Federal Standards for 1976
HC
6.2
5.2
3.1
• 4.6
0.41
CO
37
33
33
26
3.4
CO?
551
593
503
475
_. 	
NOx
3.3
4.1
2.4
5.5
0.4

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