72-20
Interim Report on Edde Dart
April 1972
Thomas C. Austin
Test and Evaluation Branch
Mobile Source Pollution Control Program
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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Interim Report on Edde Dart
Background
A request for Environmental Protection Agency testing
of a vehicle with an induction system modified by Mr. Robert
Edde was received from an acquaintance of Mr. Edde,
Mr. Thomas Marks. The Test and Evaluation Branch responded
to the request by asking if emission data existed on the
vehicle which would indicate lev; emission potential. Shortly
thereafter we were again contacted by Mr. Marks who stated
that tests had been run by Scott Research Laboratories.
At a meeting set up at our Ann Arbor .laboratory the
data was reviewed and the vehicle examined. The Scott test
results indicated emission levels of 2.39 grams per mile (gpm)
hydrocarbons (HC), 7.^3 gpm'carbon monoxide (CO) and 2.95 gpm
oxides of nitrogen (NOX) using the 1975 Federal Test
Procedure. Since these levels were much lower than the
levels of the vehicle (uncontrolled 196*1 Dodge Dart) before
modification, a series of emission tests were scheduled.
Vehicle Tested
The modifications had been made on a 1964 Dodge Dart
equipped with the 170 CID slant six cylinder engine and an
automatic transmission. Extensive changes were made in the
induction system of the vehicle to lower exhaust emissions.
The main feature of the system was a special intake manifold
which had been designed to remove liquid fuel from the intake
charge. This was accomplished by using a gap which could
only be crossed by fuel in the vapor state, suspended in the
air charge or clinging to the upper walls of the manifold.
Any liquid fuel flowing along the bottom of the manifold
fell into the gap and was stored in a reservoir. The object
of this approach is to reduce cold start emissions caused
by the extra fuel required to allow enough vaporization to
occur for combustion. Distribution can also be Improved if
only vapor reaches the cylinders. Improved distribution
allowed the carburetor to be set leaner than is possible
with conventional manifolds.
Additional modifications were also made to the
carburetor^ accelerator pump. No fuel was inj-ected under
slow throttle movement. Intake air was heated to improve
vaporization.
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Test Program
The 1975 Federal Test Procedure was used. _A..,serles of
three tests were run.
Test Results
Results appear in the table attached. Minor adjustments
were made to the vehicle in between tests by Mr. Edde. The
data, therefore, does not indicate any repeatability trends.
The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide levels achieved by
the modified Dart are more than 80 percent lower than those
which would have been expected from the vehicle before.
modification. Carbon monoxide levels are 80$ lower than those
required of new vehicles for model years 1972, 1973 and 197^.
Fuel consumption on the LA4 driving cycle was calculated
to be 18.5 mpg using a carbon balance technique.
Conclusions
- i—-.-I .-. - i- - %
1. This control system greatly improves emissions
over uncontrolled vehicles with conventional
induction systems.
2. The system is too complicated and would be too
expensive to be considered as a retrofit system
for used cars.
3. It is unlikely that this system, by itself,, could
be optimized to obtain 1975-1976 emission levels.
^. The emission levels achieved with this system
indicate a potential for use with 1975-1976
control systems.
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1975 Federal Test Procedures
-all data in grams per mile-
Test Number HC CO NOX
18-0225
12-2212
12-2213
1975 Federal Standards
1976 Federal Standards
1.54
1.63
1.5.1
.41
.41
5.97
7.69,
5.23
3.40
3.40
1.86
2.40
2.13
3.1
.40
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