EPA-AA-TAEB-80-1
Casual Misfueling of Catalyst
Equipped Vehicles
by
James B. Long
October 1979
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
-------
-2-
Background
The use of leaded fuel in catalyst equipped vehicles is known to cause
an increase in exhaust emissions. Under 38 Federal Register 43281,
which is a limited exception to 40 CFR 80.22 (a), emergency use of
leaded fuel is allowed under certain conditions.. . Also, some catalyst
vehicles are occasionally fueled with leaded fuel.—
This test program was designed to evaluate the effect on emissions of
one tank of leaded fuel followed by several tanks of unleaded fuel.
This would be a "worst case" of "casual" misfueling since the regula-
tions for allowing emergency use of leaded fuel stipulate that only the
quantity needed to reach a gas station selling unleaded fuel may be
added.
— The current EPA-MSFJD estimate is that 7.8% of the catalyst equipped
vehicles are fueled with leaded fuel.
-------
-3-
Summary
Five vehicles were tested using two different fuels. After baseline
emissions were established for each vehicle the catalysts were poisoned
by driving the cars using one tank of leaded fuel. Unleaded fuel was
then used for three consecutive tanks in order to investigate the re-
covery capacity of the catalyst. After this phase the catalysts were
again poisoned in the same fashion and again allowed to recover.
In all cases the emissions increased substantially after the exposure to
leaded fuel, and in all cases there was some recovery. This pattern
continued through the second misfueling and recovery sequence. The
immediate increase in average hydrocarbon emissions for the test vehi-
cles was 344% of the baseline. After the second recovery sequence,
hydrocarbon emissions were 214% of the baseline. For carbon monoxide,
the emissions increased to 204% at the outset and recovered to 125% of
the baseline value at the completion of the test program.
Test Vehicles and Fuels
Five different vehicles with two types of catalysts were selected.
Three cars had pelleted catalysts; two were equipped with monoliths.
One car in each group had over 30,000 miles; the others were low mileage
vehicles in the 4000 to 8000 mile range. Vehicle descriptions are given
in Appendix A.
The two fuels used throughout the test program were Indolene HO and
Indolene 30. Table 1 gives a detailed description of their properties.
Aside from the lead content the fuels are almost identical. Indolene 30
contained 3.09 g/gal lead. The average lead content found in commercial
motor gasoline (from the Department of Energy fuel survey) is about half
that value, with a range from 0.45 to 4.02 g/gal. The high lead content
was selected for this test program because of the inital uncertainty
regarding the effect of lead exposure on the catalyst.
Test Program
Prior to testing the cars were checked out and adjusted according to
manufacturer's specifications. The checkout procedure is included in
Appendix B.
The misfueling test program consisted of two sequences of misfueling and
recovery. Three cold start FTPs were conducted on the vehicles as they
were received in order to establish baseline emissions for each. One
tank of leaded fuel was then used to drive one of four established road
routes (Appendix C). Two cold start FTPs were performed still using
leaded fuel. One FTP was conducted after the fuel was switched to
unleaded.
-------
-4-
The recovery sequence was comprised of mileage accumulation on three
tanks of unleaded fuel with two cold start FTPs between each refueling.
This misfueling/recovery cycle was then repeated with slight variations.
After the third tank of Indolene Clear had been consumed and the car
tested, it was refueled with leaded fuel and tested before any further
mileage accumulation. Also, after the tank of leaded fuel and the
subsequent FTP were run, the car was refueled with unleaded fuel and
tested prior to the start of the second recovery sequence. Appendix D
gives a detailed description of the test program.
Test Results and Discussion
The average results of the misfueling and recovery sequences on four of
the vehicles are presented graphically in Figure 1. Individual vehicle
data is presented graphically in Figures 2-6 (Appendix E). The data
from the tests is in Appendix F. One of the 5 vehicles was excluded
from the average because leaded fuel had been used before this program.
The effect of leaded fuel is characterized by sharp increases in the
emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The average increase for
four of the test vehicles was more than three times the baseline values
for hydrocarbons and double the baseline for carbon monoxide after one
tank of leaded fuel had been used. The recovery phase shows a gradual
decrease from the high levels reached after the misfueling. The second
exposure again shows rapid increases in emission levels. Tests that
were conducted with Indolene 30 immediately upon switching from Indolene
Clear and before the mileage accumulation illustrate that some of the
effect is almost instantaneous. In fact, the increase in average emis-
sions is greater before, rather than after, an entire tank of leaded
fuel is consumed. Changing from leaded to unleaded fuels also shows an
immediate effect. These very sharp increases and decreases without
mileage accumulation are likely a combination of the effect of lead on
the combustion process and of catalyst poisoning. The second recovery
phase is similar to the first. However, the emissions begin to level
off further above the baseline. In the first sequence the hydrocarbon
emissions recovered to 198% of the baseline, while in the second reached
only 213% of the baseline after three tanks of Indolene Clear.
Figure 1 also shows a significant relative difference between the emis-
sion increases for the two pollutants. Hydrocarbon increases are much
greater than carbon monoxide. This difference is nearly constant
throughout the test period as clearly seen in the figure.
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-5-
Table 1
Indolene Fuels Used in the Catalyst Poisoning Test Program
Sample No.
P.O. Number
Pb, g/gal
Mn, g/gal
H-0, wt%
sf wt%
P, wt
RON
MON
Reid Vapor Pressure
Distillation °F
Barometer, in HG
Initial
5%
10%
15%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
85%
90%
95%
Final
Recovery %
Residue %
Loss %
FIA
%0
%S
Indolene HO
A-0740-NNLX
£ 0.001
* 0.001
0.002
0.010
< 0.0002
97.3
89.4
9.4
29.51
86
103
116
128
140
166
196
218
233
246
267
286
313
335
381
97.5
0.5
2.0
24.0
4.0
72.0
Indolene 3U
A0743-NNLX
3.09
<.. o.ooi
0.003
0.010
< 0.0002
104.6
94.8
9.0
29.51
82
103
118
130
143
169
199
220
234
248
269
287
313
338
381
97.6
0.5
1.9
24.0
4.0
72.0
-------
0)
co
u-i
o
CO
c
o
•H
co
CO
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
*
Three Tanks
Unleaded Fuel
-U
Three Tanks
Unleaded Fuel
J.
U-
1.50'
1.25'
HC CO
2.0
18.0
16.0
0.25
14.0
.12.0
.10.0
. 8.0
• 6.0
4.65
|- 4.0
2.0
0.0
cu
rH
•H
e
00
0
500
1000
1500 2000
Distance Accumulation
Figure 1: Average exhaust emissions of four vehicles
subjected to misfueling
2500 3000 3500
0 Tests on Indolene Clear
O Tests on Indolene 30
lf!l Mileage accumulation on one
tank of leaded fuel
-------
- 7--
Th e figures (2-6) for the Individual vehicles demonstrate the similarity
in the behavior of all five catalyst equipped vehicles. The emissions
for each vehicle follow the same general trend of sharp increases upon
misfueling, and gradual decreases during the recovery phase that was
clearly depicted in Figure 1. There are, however, exceptions to the
well defined behavior of that curve. The Plymouth Fury's hydrocarbon
emissions increased only 61%, but the baseline value was more than twice
that of any of the other vehicles. This is possibly due to the prior
misfueling. For this reason the Fury is excluded from the figure
showing average emissions.
The Ford Mustang and the Pontiac Catalina also exhibit some anomalous
behavior. The hydrocarbon emissions for the Mustang increased 130%
during the FTP on Indolene 30 just prior to the mileage accumulation of
the second poisoning, but decreased about 15% after one full tank of
leaded fuel had been used. The carbon monoxide emissions for the
Catalina display very erratic behavior and indicate a possible mechan-
ical problem. Aside from these instances the performance of the vehi-
cles during the different sequences of the test program is very well
defined. Leaded fuel most definitely has an adverse effect on vehicle
emissions. Only during the first recovery sequence do the emission
levels reach or approach the baseline values, and then only for carbon
monoxide. Indeed, at the end of the second recovery phase the hydro-
carbon emissions remain over twice the baseline values and the average
carbon monoxide emission level is 126% of the baseline. While three
tanks of unleaded fuel do not result in recovery to a stable level the
data do appear to indicate that complete recovery is either unlikely or
would take several thousand miles of operation.
The oxides of nitrogen emissions (not presented in the figures) also
varied from their baseline values. The Ford Mustang showed the greatest
increase, 168% of the baseline, decreasing to 132% after the second
recovery phase. The Toyota and Chevrolet Citation showed slight de-
creases below baseline values in NOx emissions during the test period.
A summary of the test data is presented in Table 2. The data for the
individual vehicles is included in the appendix.
Conclusions
The data resulting from this test program clearly indicate that use of
leaded fuel diminishes the emission control capacity of vehicles
equipped with oxidation catalysts. The significant increase in hydro-
carbon emissions and the inability of the catalyst to control these
emissions near the baseline values after the recovery phase indicates
that the catalyst may be permanently damaged by misfueling. It is
obvious from the results of this program that even a single instance of
misfueling will cause marked increases in the emissions of both hydro-
carbons and carbon monoxide.
-------
»:«OTtCTIou «r,rMCi
MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION LABORATORY
ANN AKriUH. HlC«Ir,«fi
CATALYST
POISONING PROGRAM DATA SUMMARY
PROCESSED I
SEP 27. 1V79
VEHICLES INCLUDED:
PONT. CA1AL1MA 'L69Y8P160360
FORD MUSTANG ?b02ria*bl7
TOYOTA COPOvA 4T13<<020335
CHEVY CITATION U117AM122243
MfcANS OF ALL TESTS
TEST GROUP
1. BASELINE ON INO. CLEAR
2. POISONING ON INO. 30
3. RECOVERY ON INO. CLEAR
4. RECOVERY ON INO. CLEAR
5. RECOVERY ON INO. CLEAR
6. RECOVER1' ON INO. CLEAR
7. POISONING ON INI. 30
8. POISONING ON INO. 30
9. RF.CnvEPY 0»* IND. CLEAR
10. RECOVERY ON INO. CLEAR
11. RECOVERY ON INO. CLEAR
12. RECOVERY ON INO. CLEAR
DIFFERENCE FROM BASELINE
GROUP 2 - BASELINE
GROUP 3 - BASELINE
GROUP * - BASELlNt
GROUP 5 - BASELINE
GROUP b - BASEL luc
GWOUP: f - HASEUNt
GROUP 8 - BASELINE
GROUP 9 - bASELINF.
GROUP 10 - BASEL INF
GROUP 11 - BASELlNt
GROUP 12 - BASELlNt
RtTIOS OF MEANS <«l
GROUP 2 / bASEl INF X 100
GROUP 3 / HASELItf. x 100
GROUP 4 / HAStLINt < 1011
GROUP 5 / BASELINE X 100
GROUP * / BASEL iNt » 100
GROUP 7 / MAStLlNE * 100
GROUP O / HASEII*E * 10U
GROUP 9 / MAStLlNE » 100
brtOUf 10 / r-JLLINE. * 100
GROUP 11 / HAitLlNE < luo
GHOUP 12 / BASELlNt A 100
MC
N
(12) 0.490
I 8) 1.443
1 4) 1.578
I 8) 1.120
( 8) 1.009
I 8) 0.969
< 8) 1.418
( 81 1.699
( 7) 1.492
I 8) 1.309
( 8) 1.090
'( 8) 1.046
,.«
1.088
0.630
0.519
I.-.}-,
u.92,
1.20*
1.002
0.811
O.bOl
O.SSh
343. n
322.2
22b.S
2u*.l
1W.9
2S9.0
347.0
3'J4.9
267.4
222.7
213.O
CO
4.65
9.51
8.91
6.22
5.43
b.17
7.59
9.69
a. 80
7.63
6.25
5.87
4.26
1 .56
0.7T
''.SI
e.i*
b.03
«.lr,
2.47
i.S-J
1.21
191.S
iaj.3
Ho.6
lll.u
IbJ.u
20o.2
109.1
ItJ.S
13H.2
12o..i
NOX
1.4S
1.62
1.58
1.S4
1.53
1.52
1.5S
l.al
1.74
1.71
1.63
1.61
0.16
0.12
0.09
0.08
• I.-.T
i.U
(1.36
5.29
.1.26
b.ib
O.lti
111.3
1'ld.i
MS. 9
ins. 3
104. d
10U.9
124. i
llV.tt
117.7
lli.J
110. «
C02
432.
421.
419.
427.
426.
424.
419.
' 410.
411.
411.
423.
426.
-12.
-14.
-6.
-6. .
-..
-14.
-23.
-i-l.
-SI.
-1.1.
-'.
96. *
*-..t
9^.h
97.,
9^.e
94.4
9-j.l
9^.1
V7./
9n.9
FE
20.3
20.2
20.4
20.3
20. 4
20.6
20.6
2U.8
2o rf
21.6
20.6~
2n.4T
-o.o
0.2
0^
0:2
0. 1
O.J
O.ri
O.h
0.7
0.3
0.2
100.i«
100.?
100.8
101.5
101.7
102.9
103.1
103.7
101.5
100.9
BARO
IN-HG
29.16
29.01
28.97
29.01
29.09
29.01
29.37
29.05
29.10
' 28.97
28.97
*29. 07
-0.15
-0.19
-0.15
-0.06
-o.l«
0.22
-0.11
-0.06
-0.19
-O.ln
-0.09
99.4
99.5
99.8
V9.3
100.7
99. n
-J9.a
99.4
X9.4
99. /
HUM
GR/LB
74.3
75.3
81.0
7D.1
63.4
73.6
72.6
75.7
75.6
76.4
74.2
76.1
1.0
b.7
3',*
9.2
-0.7
-I./
1.4
1.3
2.1
-0.0
l.d
101.4
109.0
lOb.2
112.3
99.1
97.7
101.9
101.7
102.11
V*.9
102.4
NOXFAC
1.00
1.00
1.03
1.02
1.04
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.01
0.00
0.03
0.02
"6.0*
-0.00
-0.01
0.01
0.01
o.oi
-0.00
0.01
100.5
103.2
101.6
104.5
99.7
99.2
100.7
100.6
101.0
1CO.O
100. b
-------
-9-
Appendix
-------
Appendix A
Misfueling Vehicle Data
Vehicle
Citation
Catalina
Mustang
Fury
Corona
Vehicle
Identification
Number
Mileage As
Received
Model Year
Air Conditioning
Tire Type
1X117AN122243
4884
1980
NO
Radial
2L69Y8P160360
34259
1978
YES
Radial
9502Y189817
6665
1979
NO
Radial
RH41G7A239813
34495
1978
NO
Radial
RT134020335
3894
1979
YES
Radial
Fuel Tank
Volume (gal.)
Exhaust Gas
Recirculation
Air Pump
Catalyst
Manufacturer
14.0
YES
Pulse Air
Injection Reactor
AC Spark Plug
Division
21.0
YES
NO
AC Spark Plug
Division
11.5
YES
NO
Corning
25.5
YES
NO
Universal
Oil Products
16.1
YES
YES
Cataler Ind.
Company, Ltd.
-------
Appendix A (cont.)
Misfueling Vehicle Data
Vehicle Citation
Catalyst Type
Catalyst Active
Material
Engine
Conf iguration
Engine
Displacement
(cubic inches)
Engine Power
(brake horsepower)
Road Load
Pellet
72% Pt.. ,
28% Pd U6 8
V-6
171
115
6.6
Catalina
Pellet
71% Pt. .. ,
29% Pd. 1>6 8
V-8
301
140
11.3
Mustang
Monolithic
67% Pt. .
33% Pd. * g
4 cylinder
inline
140
88
10.4
Fury
Monolithic
100% Pt
1.2 g
V-8
318
140
10.4
Corona
Pellet
33% Pt.
67% Pd.
4 cylinder
inline
134
90
10.0
(actual horsepower)
Equivalent Inertia
2750
4000
2750
4500
3000
1.6 g
(pounds)
-------
-12-
Appendix B
Vehicle Checkout
1. Check and adjust to manufacturer's specifications. Perform emis-
sion function check.
2. Measure Idle HC & CO.
3. Draw sample of tank fuel. 1 quart - Label and store in chemical
laboratory refrigerator.
4. Drain tank - Refuel w/Indolene Clear.
5. Take filter sample of tailpipe residue.
6. Disconnect cannister.
7. Check for disconnected hoses/plugged hoses.
8. In general, inspect for any tampering of induction system, car-
buretor and fuel system, ignition system, EGR system, air pump
system, PCV system, or evaporative system.
-------
-13-
Appendix C
Misfueling Project Road Routes
Title No. Hrs. Miles Average MPH
Adrian 1 3 129 43
Ohio 2 3 133 44
Around A2 3 3-1/2 ' 147 42
Howell 4 3-1/2 127 39
The road routes were comprised mainly of two-lane roads that connect
the small towns that lie around Ann Arbor. There was stop-and-go traffic
through the towns and also in Ann Arbor itself. Each route also included
some divided highway travel.
-------
-14-
Appendix
Misfueling Test Program
Fuel
Indolene Clear
Indolene 30
Step.
1 - Vehicle checkout as per "Vehicle Checkout
Sheet."
2 - Take 1 quart fuel sample.
3 - Take tailpipe scraping sample.
4 - Fuel vehicle to 40% of tank capacity with
Indolene Clear.
5 - Precondition with one LA-4 cycle.
6 - 12 to 36 hour soak.
6.5 - Reset dyno HP and inertia weights.
7 - Cold start FTP* and I/M sequence.
a. I/M Sequence:
Using I/M type analyzer, measure HC and CO
with transmission in neutral, hood open,
and fan on at:
1. Idle
2. 2500 rpm
3. Idle
4. 30 mph/9AHP/1750 IWG (use pendent)
5. Idle
8 - Repeat 4-7 twice (total of 3 FTPs).
9 - Fuel vehicle with Indolene 30 as follows:
1. Drain previous fuel from tank
2. Purge tank with 5 gallons of Indolene
drain.
3. Fill tank with Indolene 30.
-------
-15-
Appendix D (cont.)
10 - Take 1 quart fuel sample from vehicle
tank.
11 - Run mileage accumulation road route until
1/8 tank remains (see note in each
vehicle).
12 - Take tailpipe scraping sample.
* FTPs run in this program are non-evaporative type. Therefore, re-
fueling and heat build immediately before the FTP are not required.
13 - Fill tank with Indolene 30 to determine
the amount of fuel used during mileage
accumulation. Drain tank to 40% level.
14 - Precondition one LA-4 cycle.
15 - 12-36 hour soak.
16 - Cold start FTP and I/M sequence.
17 - Repeat 13-16 once (total of 2 FTPs).
Indolene Clear 18 - Fuel vehicle with Indolene Clear as
follows:
1. Drain previous fuel from tank.
2. Purge tank with 5 gallons of Indolene
Clear.
3. Fill tank with Indolene Clear.
19 - Take 1 quart fuel sample from vehicle
tank.
20 - Run mileage accumulation road route until
1/8 tank remains.
21 - Take tailpipe scraping sample.
22 - Fuel vehicle to 40% of tank capacity with
Indolene Clear.
23 - Precondition one LA-4 cycle.
-------
-16-
Appendix D (cont.)
24 - 12 to 36 hour soak.
25 - Cold start FTP and I/M sequence.
26 - Repeat 22 to 25 once (total of 2
FTPs).
27 - Fuel vehicle to full tank capacity
with Indolene Clear.
28 - Repeat 20-27.
-------
-17-
Appendix E
Test Results
-------
-18-
Baseline
A Tests on Indolene
Clear
+ Tests on Indolene
30
j|!$ Mileage accumu-
lation on one
tank of leaded
fuel
400
300
200
100
0)
3
iH
0)
(0
tfl
PQ
•H
g
00
8
10.5
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
s
A
', I
f f
V
Baseline
Three Tanks of
Unleaded Fuel
A
A
A
A
A
A
Three Tanks of
Unleaded Fuel
150
125
100
75
50
25
o>
c
0)
co
CO
0
500
1000
1500 2000
2500 3000
3500 4000
Distance Accumulation, Miles
Figure 2: Emissions for Pontiac Catalina Subjected to Misfueling
-------
-19-
01
.H
•H
e
00
u
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
9 c
Z.Dj
2.0
Is
• -J
1.0
0.5
0.0
'%%!8$ii& w!:;88£pi:;:$8
Ilflllll ' '' '£ ^
^
^ A * J 1
A A J
t'
%
4
L-*^«4. ^^^^^
Baseline •£
^
&
•* •>
. v '
X
.'.V
.
..
.
4
A Tests 'on
Clear
+ Tests on
30
j| !! Mileage
lation on c
of leaded i
4
w
A -
Indolene
Indolene,
accumu-
>ne tank
'uel
I
200
150
c
•rl
rH
CO
ctf
PQ
-------
-20-
2.00-
00
A
A
Baseline
. 400
ATests on Indolene
Clear
*Tests on Indolene 3C
!IH Mileage accumu-
lation on one
tank of leaded
fuel
300
200
100
a)
CO
cfl
m
14-1
o
e
00
o
u
10.0
Baseline
Three Tanks
of Unleaded Fuel i
Three Tanks
of Unleaded Fuel
150
100
50
500
2500
3000
1000 1500 2000
Distance Accumulation
Figure 4: Emissions for Ford Mustang Subjected to Misfueling
0)
c
0)
CO
-------
-21-
2.00
t>o
00
O
u
1.75
1.50
1.25
Inn
• uu
0.75
0.50
00 <^1
4
On
. u
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
+ Tests on Indolene V •
A 3°
Tests on Indolene:
Clear „
ffy
Mileage accumu-
. % '~~ lation on one . /
tank of leaded f
fuel ; f ''
ta ~" fs
f *^ *"
^* iF " A
A '' A 4A
^ V.,,-,, J:,,
> " - Baseline
* ::¥>;;j¥;:;i;::i;;;;;;;:;;;; ^j-
•>:$:?:¥:?:¥:?:S^ •" ^
V
"Three Tanks of |. Three Tanks of
Unleaded Fuel ; ^ Unleaded Fuel .
^
n
*
' ' *'
,
m
4" ^ % ^^
A
^HHk *v t~ m A
^ Baseline ^jUplji!
.
-^ -
800
600
400
200
roo
o
600
400
. 200
i f\f\
100
I °
V
C
•H
rH
«
-------
-22-
;«f Tests on Indolene 3(j|!!
!A Tests on Indolene
Clear
accumu-
lation on one tank Iliillii^
V:::W:W:%::*:¥:*:
leaded fuel
Baseline
600
400
0)
•H
iH
CO
CO
tO
M
U-l
O
200
100
Three Tanks of
Unleaded Fuel
A
A
Baseline
Three Tanks of
Unleaded Fuel
A
A
500
3000
600
400
0)
CO
rt
PQ
200
100
0
3500
1000 IbOO 2000 25UO
Distance Accumulation
Figure 6: Emissions for Chevrolet Citation subjected to Misfueling
-------
-23-
Appendix F
-------
-24-
ENVIRONMENUL o&OTECTION AOENCY
MOTO* VEHICLE EMISSION LABORATORY
ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN
MISFUEL PwOOWAM
AVEHAOE TEST fESULTS
PROCESSED: SEP 2?. 1979
VEHICLE! PONT. CATAL1NA
VIN:
INEMTIA KTl 4000
ACTUAL HH: 11.3
FUEL
TEST TY"t: FTf
HC CO NOX C02
l<—(i^AMs/MILE >l
Ft BAPO HUM NOxFC ODOMETER
MPli IN-HG UK/LB
I- MILEAGE ACCUMULATION 1
FUEL MILES FUEL FUEL
TYPE DRIVEN CONSUMED ECONOMY
INDOLENE ClEAP 3
MEAN 1.000 6.13 1.71 497. 17.4 ,{4.16 72.97 0.941 34303.2
STD.DEV. 0.017 0.35 .042 3. 0.1 0.026 3.705 0.017
.C.V. « 1.7 5.7 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.1 5.08 1.72
IND.30 355.6 19.0 GAL 18.7 MPG
INDOLENE 30
MEAN 3.125 9.15 1.80 480. 17.6 29.01 71.92 0.9b6 34722.8
STO.OEV. 0.290 0.92 .021 4. 0.1 0.019 3.173 0.01S
C.V. * 9.3 10.0 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.1 4.41 1.-7
»lft , * 212.5 43.2 b.2 -3.6 1.1 -0.3 -1.4 -0.5
INOOLENE CL AR 1
MEAN 3.210 8.80 1.91 483. 17.5 28.97 83.54 1.042 34778.0
UlFF. v 2il.u 4J.3 11.Si -2.4 U.o -u.7 1».5 "5.2
INC. HO 325.0 18.5 GAL 17.6 MPG
INDOLENE
MEAN 2.100 6.85 1.82 487. 17.6 29.02 78.95 1.019 35191.1
STD.DEv. 0.042 0.78 .021 2. 0.1 0.077 1.492 0.007
C.V. t 2.0 11.4 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.39 0.71
DIFF. * 110.0 11.7 6.9 -2.2 1.1 -0.5 8.2 2.8
IND.HO 370.0 19.1 GAL 19.4 MPG
INOOLtNE
INDOLENE CLEAR 2
STO.UtV.
C.V. *
DIFF. *
MEAN
STO.DEV.
C.V,.*
DIFr. »
2.000 7.4j l.bl »b>*.
0.0 0.37 .021 4.
o.o 7.6 1.2 0«'>
100.0 2U.7 6.3 -?.l
17.S 24.08 02.33 1.036 35607.1
0.2 0.16? 4.|5u O.O.;!
1.2 0.6 3.04 2.02
0.4 -0.3 12.A 4.6
1.755 7.35 1.84 484. 17.7 29.01 76.88 1.009 36030.1
0. (><.<•» 0..3 ,^'li 1. :,.« U.l3» 1.440 0.009
P.* *.7 5.0 O.J 0.1 0.3' 2.40 0.87
7a.3 l*.rt 7.5-2.-1 1.7 -0.5 3.4 1.8
IND.MO 353.0 20. S GAL 17. 2 MPG
Mr-(if. 2.l(S-> fo.^3 1 .-*S
STO.I'Ki. ii. IT/ 1.-M ,<>s7
C.v. * d.o J.4 «?.•»
DIFF. * 105.3 1.4 1*.3
1. n.u 0.055 1.194 0.003
». 3 J.c •'.«' 1. /o u.30
0.3 -1.1 0.7 -3.7 -1.2
JM03.8
IN0.30 415.0 19.7 GAL 21.1 MPG
INDOLENE 30
MEAI4 2.360 'l.fO l.'<7 4^4. 17.J ^4.04 7h.l2 .1.003
STU.OCv. O.OH3 0.14 .1107 3. 0.1 0.120 1.010 0.003
C..'. • 3.J 2.U J.'. ..- ..^ 0.4 1.J3 0.47
-% 156.0 I/.4 lb.7 -O.b -0.«> -0.4 4.3 1.3
36566.4
INDOLENE CLE H
INOOLENE CLE*."< 2
llNDOLENE CLE IB 2
Mt'N
STD.CiEV.
C.v. *
DIFF. --
MEAN
STO.DtV.
C.v. t
HIFF. *
XFAN
STO.tlEV.
C.v. *
I) IFF. »
2.3SS
1.9
ft.63 2.03 444.
0.78 .014 2.
11.7 0.7 0.4
u.4 20.1 -n.»
II.3 24.12 73.00
D.I 0.0Mb 4.031
0.4 0.3 3.37
II. 0 7 1
3.4
100.0
3.3
7.03 2.01 490. 17.5
/.<) 4.4 2.3
2b.49 73.97
0.091 J.M9
2.4 0.3 «.20
1 7.K -1.3 0.6 -O.fS 4.1
S.bO 1.44 SOI. 17.1
73.87
II. 4 . »
1.730 t>.db 1.44 bOl. 17.1 2^.04 7(1.96 1.019 37958.9
J.Uti! 0.4'-< .0>4 4. (J.I 0.112 I.7J9 O.OUd
?." /..•; J.2 '../ u.» 0.4 f.fU 0.33
73.1) 11./ 13. / I/.6 -1.4 -0.4 H.2 ,>.iy
NOTEM DIFF. * Is THE UlFFtxENCE l«
CENT FI<'IM T^^lK -1 OF INDOLENE CLE.AP. (TANK X-TANK D/TANlt 1 X 100.
-------
-25-
tNVIHOSMtNTi.L PMOTC.CTKJN 1.GENCY
MOTO* VElIttf EMISSION LAB
ANN 4--'JR. VlCHIOt.'J
FUEL
iNOOLENE 30
INOOIENE 30
INDOLENE 30
AVtHAot TEST RESULTS
VEMlCLEi
PLYMOUTH FUKY
VINI
PROCESSED: SEP 27. 1979
KH4lu7'2J9813 INEHTIA : 10.4
TESI TYPE: FTP
N
HC
CO
NO.
C02
|<"li"AMS/MILE >l
CLEAO
30
CLEAW
CLEAP
Ct A"
CLEAW
30
30
CLEA*
ClEAR
CLEAR
CLEAk
3
2
1
2
f
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
MEAN
STD.PEV.
C.V. »
MEAN
STO.rjEv.
C.V. '•
OIFF. *
MEAN
OIFF. %
ME»N
STO.UEV.
C.'/. *
OIFF. ».
STI). !'(•
MEAN
STD.DEV.
C.V. »
OIFF. »
2.460
0.042
3.3
J.970
i'. 071
61.4
J.860
56.9
J.62S
d.2*l
47.4
O.lul
4.3
3.1ou
0.0
0.0
2U.5
3.6)0
0.141
47.6
oisiB
7.8
65.7
3.610
0.0
0.0
46.7
3.845
0.07o
2.0
56.3
3.520
0.099
2.8
43.1
3.5/5
0,035
1.0
I'.lb
0.10
0.6
3J.05
4.60
93.3
29.00
69.6
1.70
47.4
^ST1
2u.Su
P6.05
0.21
o.«
52. J
20.93
9.3
1.70
67^3
1.41
4.0
70. 9
23.95
0.78
3.2
40.1
23. Ju
O.o5
3.6
I }» i
2.24
.026
1.2
2.43
.014
2.42
8.3
2.38
.035
6.0
• "
0.0
ft. 7
?.40
.0
0.0
2.58
"l.l
IS. 2
2.H9
6.6
28. rt
2.58
.042
1.6
15.2
.042
1.0
16.3
2.70
.057
2.1
20.5
.021
0.8
5M2.
1.
0.1
372.
1 J.
33-*.
-4.-J
367.
3.
37S.
n.
0.0
-l.J
S.
0.9
6.
1.0
-4.4
558.
8.
1.4
-4.3
545.
3.
0.5
-6.4
555.
13.
2.3
-4.7
572.
4.
0.7
-1.8
571.
4.
O.I
-l.i
FE
bexo
HUM
FUEL MILES
NOXFC ODOMETER TYPE DRIVEN
FUEL FUEL
CONSUMED ECONOMY
MP'j IN-MG
73.13
1.346
1.84
-2.9
69.97
1.561
2»?3
73.37
0.609
O.e3
76. 2S
3.612
*.74
1.3
1.001 34516.6
0.006
0.60
IN0.30 377.5
0.992 J4948.0
0.019
1.94
-1.0
1.014 34986.8
1.2
IND.HO 393.9
1.025 35423.4
0.012
1.20
2.4
INO.HO 392.3
1.028 35U61.3
0.027
2.59
f.l
INO.HO 455.8
0.994 36361.6
0.006
0.61
-0.7
0.9A9 36405.9
0.003
0.28
-1.2
INU.30 468.7
1.118 36919.2
0.136
12.13
11.7
n.991 36957.8
0.006
0.63
-1.0
INO.HO 399.3
0.977 37405.9
0.007
0.72
-2.4
IND.HO 360.1
0.992 37824.1
0.003
0.30
-0.9
INO.HO 4ii. 9
1.006 38278.3
0.017
1.71
0.5
21.9 GAL 17.2 MPG
23.5 GAL 16.8 MPG
23.3 GAL 16.8 MPr,
22.3 GAL 20.4 MPG
23.3 GAL 20.1 MPG
23.4 GAL 17.1 MPG
21.8 GAL 16.5 MPG
23.0 GAL 17.9 MPG
NOUS! OIFF. I IS THE HFFtwEUCE IN PE> CtM F -»UM ^AM^ -i 'Jf INOOLENE CLEA«. (TANK A-TANK U/TANK 1 A 100.
ANALYSIS OF TAILPIPE KESIJUt IN AS KtCIEVEU CONUITlO'i HI X.-HAY FLaOKESCENCE INDICATES PHOdABLt
OF TnIS VF.MICLL pKlUrl JO I«l3 P*(la«*H.
-------
-26-
L>l «u • --/!-.i-l IUN AiifNCT
ArlU". MC'iiliAN
ft^-T "••••SUITS
PROCESSED: SEP 37. 197*
VEHICLE: F'>*u MUMANo
V!N:
FUEL
• I : 2730 ACTUAL nH 10.2
TiCST lf"t: Fl
1C CU
| MILEAGt ACCUMULATION I
FUEL MILES FUEL FUEL
NO .044 ). ')./ O.IMb 6.372 O.'J II
C.V. » 2.1 4.0 3.1 t>.« 1.1 ».l i.HC 3.12
66*7.0
IN0.30 359.0 11.0 GAL 33.S xpr.
INDOLtNE 30
MtAN 1.77J
STO.DEV. 0.099
1.4i .106 1. 0.1 o.u 3.12b O.o2i
L.V. * 3.0 16.1 3.7 n.« U.J 0.0 6.62 3.44
UlFF. * 368.7 02.) 33.0 -2.S 0.1 -l.S 3.7 l.J
1.012 7006.5
iNUWLI- 1L J._i. » •
1.78 334. 22.0 24.00 ol.7p l.'.UJ
7043.0
INO.HO 396.0 10.6 GAL 27.4 MPG
INOOLENE CLEAk
MEAN 1.24-J C-.7S 1.74 ;WO. ?1.^ 2^.01 7ft.64 1.008
STD.IiFV. A.014 y.^l ."14 I. li.l O.Un4 1.J92 0.007
C.v. » l.t J.I Cj.r n.2 0.3 0.3 1.H2 O.bS
i.'IFf . » lif-.J !-.«. 23.4 -l.fi (l.b -I'.3 f.l D.'J
73H.S
INDOLENE CLEAk 2
MtAN l.OnS S.d-, \,l; _>•:>. ^?.l 2-y.,.7 »3.23 l.'J4U
Sl'J.UtV. ll.')4-« 1.0' .ul" 1. 'J.I O.'ittU ^.SSt ft.01.)
C.V. * *+.6 l.y C.i 0.2 O.J tl.l 3.U7 1,^?
.<1FK. - 12"-.U 2..i »>i).h -f.~i ?.- -O.I 11.4 -..1
/733.b
INO.HO 32b.O 11.0 0*L 39.6 MPC,
'.".'.'•i' 2«4.u 11.4 GAL 34.9 MPG
INOOLENE CLEAfe
MtAN 1.300 3.3'> 1.60 3BO. 22.2 ^^.u4 73.30 j.002
STD.OEV. 0.1S6 0.21 .007 3. 0.1 0.16? 3.644 ».017
C.V. » 13.0 3.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 4.84 1.71
OIFF. * 170.6 2.0 13.1 -2.b 1.7 -O.4.- O.B 0.2
B0a2.0
INOOLENE 3"
MtAN I.vli 6.03 l.r.0 3«J. 22.3 2H.JS 72.63 O.»rt<<
STl).!JEV. 0.021 O.'*^ .042 3. 0.2 0.0 1.J21 0.006
C.V. * 1.1 U.h 2.7 1.3 l>.4 0.0 l.S? D.61
OIF* . » 293.0 16./ 13.3 -J.4 l.V 0.7 -?.t) -1.0
8177. S
IN0.30 36*i.O 9.9 GAL 36.8 MPG
INDOLENE 30
l-tAU l.«>Su B.13 3.36 J7• 28S.4 4J.I, f.7.7 -S.l 4.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
84J7.3
INOOLENE CLEA-
INDOLtbt CLCAt-
INDOLENE
lEAft
UlFf.
1.37-J h.70 1.9o Jf>3. 23. J. 29.04 7b.B4 1.003
327.1 17.b 39.0 -7..-1 ft.7 -0.4 1.2 0.4
MtAN 1.4-J3 7.63 2.1) 3. 0.064 3.C"1h 0.018
C.V.i 1. •* u.-< l.n it,f 4.0 0.2 3.14 I.fl4
UlFF. "I 211.3 34.2 4V. I -7.) d.O -0.7 1.1 0.4
H4H1.0
ne20.0
IND.riO 305.0 9.7 GAL 31.4 MPG
•JTO.r'.v. a.on' 0.21 .021
C.v. » n." 3.u 1.1
OIFF. » If7.7 2t.7 T».4
?2.6 2B.V4 74.34 '.997
0.1 0.147 1.V2? 0.009
0.3 O.S 2.59 0.90
3.3 -0.6 -O.f> -0.3
INO.HO 311.0 11.b GAL 37.0 MPG
INP.HO 336.0 11.7 GAL 38.7 M»G
INOOLENE CLEA-
ME.4N 1.2-• fV.J 29.117 7o.71 l.OOd
sTn.i-cv. o.ri?-- o.uo .021 2. o.i o.oyi' o.soi 11.003
C.v. • 2. <•> -I Of iNDOLFNt CLEAi*. (TANK X-TANK ll/imr 1 A 100.
-------
-27-
cNvi«ONMt(«TA4. >-->
MOIOK VFHICI.?- f«f
ANN AS80M.
AGENCY
iISF.IFL • - """.M
.-Vr.-uol 11-I »>5ULI->
•"•ui.LS.jti-: >E? /. 1979
VEHICLE: TOYOTu
FiltL
IJf.HTH ..r: >JUU ACTUAL 11-: 10.0
TEST
MC CO NO< CO?
I——MILEAGE
FUEL MILES
ot-n HUM .NlHFC UUOMETEK TYPE DRIVEN
ACCUMULATION I
FUEL FUEL
CONSUMED ECONOMY
< -- Oi>
o-
INDOLENE CLEAM
MfcAN 0.220 3.0/1.17 430.
STO.UEV. 0.01J 11.73 .OoO 10.
I..V. * 4.3 I4.i 3.4 2.4
.? 29.16 /'->.2* 1.001
.b 0.02*. O.iSJ 0.002
.6 o.i M.hO a.20
IMO.JO 295.0 12.* GAL 23.8 MPG
INflOLENE 30
.It AN
C.V. *•
I'IFF. '.
0.7S3 15.63 1.1S 410.
0.021 1 .41 .007 6.
2.0 9.3 0.6 1.6
<:9.0l 76.17 1.006
O.ol-i U.74? 0.003
0.1 0.97 U.3J
-0.3 1.3 .J.3
42b9.7
INDOLENE
INOOLE^E CLEf-
0.460 l3.Ju 1.12 417. tfO.li 26.97 73.74 1.003 4307.0
109.1 202.0 -4.3 -3.1 -l.U -0.-. 0.7 J.2
0.440 -<.00 1.13 427. r'J.l 29.02 /b.SO 1.009 46?3.8
fl.02r> 0.0 .014 2. 'J.I 0.0-4 O.H4 0.004
f:.* u.u l.J 0.5 J.J 0. < l.Ot. 0.33
100.0 77.6 -J.4 -0.9 -n.l -U.-> 2.1 O.B
IND.MO ^"7.9 13.4 GAL 21.5 MPG
INU.HO ?73.6 13.(J GAL 19.8 MPG
INOOLENt CLEa-.
C.V. *
,i!F». •
U.JT3 D./n 1.1.' 4d9. ^0.1 29.11" UJ.3J 1.042
0.021 O.tt .0<-^ 1. .''.0 0.1.<4 3.764 0.02-"
b.5 •j.* 2.3 0.3 -J.l 0.-> 6.90 2.«2
/b.;J J£.ci -3.4 -O.J -.J.3 -0.2 11.1 4.1
4943.5
INfl.HO
13.0 GAL 22.0 MPG
INOOLENt I. it,f
MFI-. f
I.3J3 -..?-> i.l-i 427. 'i . t 20.^ 7u.V? O..9t)0
I.W2I u.^-t .Cj4v 1. l.U 0.1-'O t.tLOi 0.1113
. i I 1.1 ..I . 0.2 • .'• •!.<• '•.'=• l.S'
32.J 1.1.^ -1.3 -".9 •!.-> -O.fj -b.ii -2.1
0.7JU 1'i.lu
71.«7 (I.^Bfe
b'i'i.iikv.
C.V. »
2.HJ .OH/ 3. 11.1 0.0-j- >..lol (1.019
13.7 O.f> 0.7 'i.3 O./* 3.02 1.9»
19rt.(l V.fl -7.7 i.7 0.- -4.4 -1.3
INI). 30 306.0 13.2 GAL 23.2 MPG
INUOLENt JO
•*t -•• O.Jl.i M.JS l.J.i JV8. >!.! 29.UD 74.9> l.jou
STb.l'CV. 0.014 1.-S3 .042 3. •-•! 0.11° O./^l u.n1*»
C.V. « l.u 0.4 3.J 0.7 ••. ! 0.4 1.04 u.37
UIFF. r Jl.l.f) 2rtl.9 11.1 -9.B ".f -0.4 -0.4 -li.l
3676.4
INOOLENt Clf \,
INDOLENt
INDOLENt
Mt A.< 0.690 II./a 1.26 393. '-..V 29.10 74.10 0.996 6717.6
STii.llh.v. 0.0-2 iJ.->7 .07H I. '^.1 O.lii1^ i.>17 0.007
C.V. » 6.2 J.2 r.l 0.2 1.3 0.4 c.05 0.71
'.'IFF. -, 213.3 ?4*.J -.1 -h.8 J./ -O.r- -l.T -0*3
Ht'AN O.blO 12.tj 1.2C 400. 21.1 28.94 7/./3 1.013
SF'i.i^v. 0.01- c,.1f .035 12. •>.* 0.047 0.10H O.OOl
C.V. * 2.J ..2 2.-» 3.0 3.0 0.2 U.U u.07
iJlKF. ••- 177.3 14,.7 :i.O -7.2 4.2 -I-.7 1.4 1.2
Mt'ON u.ll .' c./S 1.21 410. ?'!.& 20.97 74.22' 0.99h 6400.1
ST'i.l'" l/. ii.('01 0.92 .02H 0. 'J.I 0.^2 1.300 0.007
C. . * 0.1 lu.3 2.3 0.0 ".3 0.<> 2.02 0.70
111". 131.0 '^.7 j.-, -4.7 i.? -0.~ -1.3 -0.3
INO.MO 2-»4.o 13.6 f.«L 21.6 MPG
INO.HO 303.0 14.2 GAL 21.3 MPG
INO.MO 107.6 13.6 GAL 22.6 MPG
iNOOLtNt CctA*.
»'t -'J 0.443 /.-/3 l.lb 420. .J5.4 29.07 72.09 0.987
->I'J.OKV. 0.007 j.J/ .0"9 t. ''.1 0.0'iS V.<-47 0.034
C.v. * l.r> -j.-J 4.2 0.3 'i.3 0.2 l <>. J3 J.43
'JIFF. » ll'2.f :^.l -0.4 -2.3 I.? -U.I —.2 -1.4
0762.1
tfS: OIFF.
Tit.
1M r-s_
Of
(IANR. A-TAN".
100.
-------
-28-
ENVlRONMENTAL PROTECTION
.1011° VEHICLE EMISSION lAh(J»MOR»
ANN AtfbO*. MICHIGAN
I jFliEL J'-'
'oL" IESI
HKUCEiSEO: SEP 2/. H79
VEHICLE: CrtEVY CITATION
FUEL
VlN! lAll'-
ftST TYPf: ft?
INEKT1A
27bO
ACTUAL 1-1 b.6
"C (.0 Ml* CO-* ft
K--C>K«MS/MlLE--->l MP'i
I MILEAGE
FUEL MILES
NOXFC OOOME1ER TYPE DRIVEN
ACCUMULATION 1
FUEL FUEL
CONSUMED ECONOMY
6K/Lb
INDOLENE
MEAN i'.2Sv 1.7? 1.5~t 406. 21.6 ?9.1S 7*.29 0.997
sTO.ntV. O.Ull 0.13 .010 3. 0.2 O.ODi 3.311 O.OI6
C.V. >- 4.J 7.3 0.7 0.7 O./ U.r> 4.06 1.57
1ND.3R 362.2 13.4 GAL 27.0 MPG
INDOLENE so
MEAN 1.0*13 -.01 1.33 409. 21.2 29.00 '5.57 1.003 5318.9
STu.DEv. i'.054 0.21 .127 11. u.b 0.0 J.<.BU 0.002
C.V. » 5.ii 5.3 7.9 2.b 2.7 O.n 0.64 0.22
OUT. f j|H./ 133.1 6.'3 lt.0 -2.0 -O.S 1.7 0.6
IMDOLtNE CLEAt-
MEAN 0.9S1 3.35 1.5U 391. 22.2 28.93 43.01 1.U39 S349.0
niFK. * £;•>?.7 9-4.3 -2.0 -i.i ?.b -o.p 11.7 •».<:
INO.HO 401.0 13.6 GAL 29.5 MPG
INOOLENE CLEA°
«•» AN 0.700 2.*» 1.47 4f>S. 21.b 2H.9K fO.19 1.025 S7B2.3
STU.'HV. 0.012 O.-o .0"* u. 0.0 0.06>- 4.4S2 0.022
C.V. * 1.? J-1.1 ;«.<• ".0 0.1 n.j *>.-=>*. 2.14
UIKf. ^ 170.1 31./ -4.? -u.2 -0.2 -O.h 7.^ 2.9
INO.HO 374.0 13.0 GAL 28.B MPG
INUOLENE
MtAN r,<..70 1.048 6223.0
.02r •3. 0.3 0.0~le 1.547 0.034
1.9 1.2 1.3 0.3 7.73 3.22
-3.3 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 14.0 S.2
INO.HO 307.7 12.7 GAL 24.2 MPG
INDOLENE
MfcAN (!.4St> 1.7? l.il J9.J. 22.1 2rt.9v a.4^ ",9b4
Sri.l'Kv. (J.O|-< II. In .O-il 1. 1.U O.lUi J.l?5 U.U14
•'.".<• 3.^ -i.v '..i .1.2 o.n ".' '4.?T I,*K
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O.i 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 2.15 0.76
o.-j -2.0 -?.( 1.9 O.c 1.8 0.6
1NL/.30 3b4.0 14.4 GAL 25.3 MPG
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it AN i.<.7b «.uo l.nO JBO. 22.3 29.05< /7.49 1.012 7020.1
ST>J.')EV. J.OOb 0.0-4 .014 1. 0.1 0.141 1.733 O.OOt)
C.v. * 0.- 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.5 2.24 O.B2
IjIFF. * .70.b 13o.O 4.6 -5.0 3.3 -O.J 4.3 1.5
INOOLENE CLFAP
MtAN 1.352 <•.!& I.b9 3^4. ,;1.9 29.12 77.59 1.012 7060.6
STii.JtV. :.r.''» ..0> .07J- M. 0." 0.0»)>- 1.15*. 0.015
C.V. 'f 2.7 a.'/ ».b l.ij !.»> 0.2 4.07 1.50
•jlFF. < -2?.7 1.1.'I 1,1.1 -j.l l.S -0.1 4.'. 1.6
400.3 14.0 GAL 20.6 MPG
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INDOLENE CLEAI-
INDOLENE CLEAw
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l.ll/l 3.3b 1.52 Jr"V. 22.J dd.yH 76.23 1.006 7^05.1
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4.u I.a 1.4 J.D 3.S 0.3 2.52 0.91
314.2 -.b.b -'1.3 -".3 3.3 -O.i 2.6 0.9
j.741 2.39 1.41 4"3. 21.7 2B.<»* 74.57 0.998 7860.4
'i.OI- ".0 .OJs 1. 0.0 0.11" rt.SSi' 0.012
O.o 0.0 i.-> 0.2 0.1 O.1^ 3.4? 1.20
IHr.'j 14.f. -7.^ -ii.-j O.J -0.'< 0.4 0.1
O.'iyo 1.^7 1.44 401. 21.B 29.Od 76.39 1.007 8325.9
0.011 O.Ub .Ojl 1. 0.1 0.04/ 1.692 0.008
I.i 2.s 0.1 u.i O.J o.<- 2.22 0.79
169.8 14.2 --3.9 -1.- 1.0 -0.2 2.O 1.0
INO.HO 311.3 15.9 GAL 19.6 MPG
INO.HO 423.0 14.8 GAL 28.6 MPG
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NOTIS: OIFF. * Ib TMt nIFFt^'NCE IN WtK CtM r'*U» TANK cl OF iNOOLtNE CLEAP. (TANK »-TANK ll/TANH 1 X 100.
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