EPA/AA/TDG/93-01
Technical Report
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends Through 1993
by
J. Dillard Murrell
Karl H. Hellman
Robert M. Heavenrich
May 1993
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA
decisions or positions. They are intended to present technical
analysis of issues using data which are currently available. The
purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the
exchange of technical information and to inform the public of
technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA
decision, position or regulatory action.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Mobile Sources
Emission Control Technology Division
Control Technology and Applications Branch
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
-------
EPA/AA/TDG/93-01
Technical Report
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends Through 1993
by
J. Dillard Murrell
Karl H. Hellman
Robert M. Heavenrich
May 1993
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA
decisions or positions. They are intended to present technical
analysis of issues using data which are currently available. The
purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the
exchange of technical information and to inform the public of
technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA
decision, position or regulatory action.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Mobile Sources
Emission Control Technology Division
Control Technology and Applications Branch
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN 48105
OFFICE OF
AIR AND FIADIATION
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: Exemption From Peer and Administrative Review
FROM: Karl H. Hellman, Chief, TDG
TO: Charles L. Gray, Jr. Director, RPT
The attached report entitled "Light-Duty Automotive Technology
and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1993," (EPA/AA/TDG/93-01) describes
the trends in car and light truck fuel economy and trends in
vehicle technological attributes important to fuel economy.
Since this report is concerned only with the presentation of
data and its analysis, and does not involve matters of policy or
regulation, your concurrence is requested to waive administrative
review according to the policy outlined in your directive of April
22, 1982.
Concurrence : / WxUx - -/x^>7 / / ^ Date:
_
CEarles L. Gray , • Jr ./ pir . , RPT
Nonconcurrence: Date:
Charles L. Gray, Jr., Dir., RPT
-------
Table of Contents
Page
Number
I. Summary . 1
II. Introduction 1
III. General Car and Truck Trends 3
IV. Technology Trends ..... 11
V. Fuel Economy Improvement Potential 13
VI. Trends by Market Segment 19
VII. Conclusions . 29
VIII.Acknowledgments 29
IX. References . 30
APPENDIX A - Vehicle Classification System . A-l
APPENDIX B - 1992 Nameplate MPG Listings B-l
APPENDIX C - 1993 Nameplate MPG Listings C-l
APPENDIX D - Data Stratified by Technology,
Including Valves Per Cylinder D-l
APPENDIX E - Best-In-Class Data, Including
Role Model Vehicles E-l
APPENDIX F - Data Stratified by Weight Class F-l
APPENDIX G - Data Stratified by Vehicle Class G-l
APPENDIX H - Data Stratified by Cylinder Count H-l
-------
I.
This, the twenty-fifth in this series of papers and reports,
examines trends in light-duty vehicle fuel economy and technology
usage through model year 1993.
II. Introduction
Light-duty automotive technology and fuel economy trends are
examined herein, as in preceding papers in this series, [1-24],*
using the latest and most complete EPA data available. The source
database was frozen in December 1992.
Through model year 1991, the fuel economy and vehicle sales
database used for this report was formed from the most complete
database used for MPG standards and Gas Guzzler regulatory
compliance purposes. For all practical purposes, these databases
are stable and are not expected to change in the future. For model
years 1992 and 1993, the fuel economy database used for this report
was formed from the final compliance data if available and
augmented with data from the database used for the government's
fuel economy public information programs: the gas mileage Guide
and the MPG labels that are placed on new vehicles. The vehicle
sales database for 1992 and 1993 used for this report was formed
from the compliance and information databases, adjusted to take
into account sales data available in trade publications at the time
the database was frozen.
The MPG data in this series and this paper are unadjusted data
values, with no correction factors for laboratory to on-road
shortfall or "test procedure adjustment." Because the test
procedure adjustments have not been made, the MPG values in this
report are always lower than those reported by the Department of
Transportation. This difference for the combined car and truck
fleet has averaged 0.3 MPG for the last 14 years. This systematic
1 percent difference does* not influence the fuel economy and
technology trends in this report. Where only one MPG value is
presented, it is 55/45 combined MPG. All vehicle weight data are
based on inertia weight class (nominally curb weight plus 300 Ibs) .
The light truck data in this paper include vehicles classified as
light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) up to
8,500 Ibs for all years shown.
This paper includes an estimate of 0 to 60 MPH acceleration
time, calculated from engine rated horsepower and vehicle inertia
weight, as in reference 25, and a top speed index similarly
Numbers in brackets denote references listed at the end of
the text.
-------
Table of Contents
Page
Number
I. Summary 1
II. Introduction 1
III. General Car and Truck Trends 3
IV. Technology Trends ..... 11
V. Fuel Economy Improvement Potential 13
VI. Trends by Market Segment 19
VII. Conclusions 29
VIII.Acknowledgments 29
IX. References 30
APPENDIX A - Vehicle Classification System A-l
APPENDIX B - 1992 Nameplate MPG Listings B-l
APPENDIX C - 1993 Nameplate MPG Listings C-l
APPENDIX D - Data Stratified by Technology,
Including Valves Per Cylinder D-l
APPENDIX E - Best-In-Class Data, Including
Role Model Vehicles E-l
APPENDIX F - Data Stratified by Weight Class F-l
APPENDIX G - Data Stratified by Vehicle Class G-l
APPENDIX H - Data Stratified by Cylinder Count H-l
-------
I. Summary
This, the twenty-fifth in this series of papers and reports,
examines trends in light-duty vehicle fuel economy and technology
usage through model year 1993.
II. Introduction
Light-duty automotive technology and fuel economy trends are
examined herein, as in preceding papers in this series, [1-24],*
using the latest and most complete EPA data available. The source
database was frozen in December 1992.
Through model year 1991, the fuel economy and vehicle sales
database used for this report was formed from the most complete
database used for MPG standards and Gas Guzzler regulatory
compliance purposes. For all practical purposes, these databases
are stable and are not expected to change in the future. For model
years 1992 and 1993, the fuel economy database used for this report
was formed from the final compliance data if available and
augmented with data from the database used for the government' s
fuel economy public information programs: the gas mileage Guide
and the MPG labels that are placed on new vehicles. The vehicle
sales database for 1992 and 1993 used for this report was formed
from the compliance and information databases, adjusted to take
into account sales data available in trade publications at the time
the database was frozen.
The MPG data in this series and this paper are unadjusted data
values,, with no correction factors for laboratory to on-road
shortfall or "test procedure adjustment." Because the test
procedure adjustments have not been made, the MPG values in this
report are always lower than those reported by the Department of
Transportation. This difference for the combined car and truck
fleet has averaged 0.3 MPG for the last 14 years. This systematic
1 percent difference does not influence the fuel economy and
technology trends in this report. Where only one MPG value is
presented, it is 55/45 combined MPG. All vehicle weight data are
based on inertia weight class (nominally curb weight plus 300 Ibs) .
The light truck data in this paper include vehicles classified as
light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) up to
8,500 Ibs for all years shown.
This paper includes an estimate of 0 to 60 MPH acceleration
time, calculated from engine rated horsepower and vehicle inertia
weight, as in reference 25, and a top speed index similarly
Numbers in brackets denote references listed at the end of
the text.
-------
-2-
calculated using an analysis of actual vehicle performance data.
These estimates provide quantitative "indexes" of vehicle
performance capability.
Vehicle classification as to vehicle type, size class and
manufacturer/origin generally follows fuel economy label, Gas
Mileage Guide, and CAFE protocols; exceptions are listed in
Appendix A. In some passenger car tables, Large Sedans and Wagons
are aggregated as "Large," Midsize Sedans and Wagons are aggregated
as "Midsize," and "Small" includes all other cars. Pickups, Vans
and Utility Trucks are sometimes each subdivided as "Small,." and
"Large." The truck classification scheme used in this paper is
explained in reference 14.
Grouping all vehicles into classes and then constructing time
trends of parameters of interest like MPG can provide interesting
and useful results. The results, however, are a strong function of
the definitions used to define the classes. Nowhere is this more
important than in the definition of Domestic and Import or Domestic
and European and Asian vehicles used in this series of papers.
Classes based on other definitions are possible and results
from these other classifications may also be useful. Some other
classification scheme concepts, not all mutually exclusive, could
be:
Grouping of vehicles made in the U.S.A.
(and/or in Canada and/or in Mexico);
Various percents of domestically added value;
Grouping by who markets vehicles instead of who makes them;
Grouping based on where the profits or losses wind up; and
Grouping by whether or not vehicles are assembled with union
or non-union labor.
This report did not analyze a sensitivity to class definitions
because the magnitude of the effort is too large for this report,
and because the basic reasons for investigating these different
classification schemes have less to do with MPG trends than they do
with job policy and/or industrial policy, which are not the subject
of this report. (The initial reason behind the Domestic and Import
definition in the fuel economy standards legislation was based on
concern with jobs, not on any reason dealing with MPG technology.)
Appendix B lists the model year 1992 nameplates and their
average MPG as of the data freeze date. Appendix C presents
similar data for 1993.
-------
-3-
III. General Car and Truck Trends
Table 1 gives characteristics of passenger cars, light
trucks, and all light-duty vehicles (cars and light trucks) for
model years 1975 to 1993. Figures 1 through 4 show some of the
general time trends in some of the data from Table 1.
The 1993 MPG for cars, trucks, and both: 28.0, 20.8, and 25
are not greatly changed from those of 1992 and, in fact, are all
within 1 MPG of the corresponding data since 1985. Figures 3 and
4 show that average vehicle weight is creeping up. Cars have
gained more than 6 percent in weight since the minimum in 1987 and
the more obvious truck trend shows an 11 percent increase since
then. Since the average MPG has remained constant and not
decreased in "response" to these weight increases, the 1993 car and
truck fleets are the most efficient ever on the basis of ton-MPG.
There is substantial experience now with the current fuel
economy standards. In the more than 15 years for which fuel
economy standards have been established, it is of interest to look
at what the response of the industry has been to the requirements.
Figure 1 shows that the car and truck fleets have essentially
attained the regulatory requirements on a fleetwide average basis.
Figure 2 shows this data in more detail. The type of standards
that exist now involve a substantial penalty for being below the
standards and no long-term benefit for being above the
requirements. Other influences, including market forces such as
the cost of gasoline and consumer preferences being equal, such a
standard would tend to make all manufacturers approach the same
value—the standard. Considering manufacturer groups as an
indication, Figure 2 indicates that the trends roughly show an
approach toward similar values. What Figure 2 also shows is that
the "rising tide" (the performance of the Domestic manufacturers
since 1975) does not "lift all ships" (the other manufacturer
groups).
Clearly, the MPG-related vehicle attribute which has changed
most dramatically in the last decade is performance. Figure 5 uses
an estimate of 0 to 60 MPH acceleration time as the performance
indicator and Figure 6 likewise uses an analytical estimate of top
speed as the performance metric. In addition to the trends
depicted on Figures 5 and 6, Figure 5 provides an estimate of what
the MPG of the car fleet would be if the performance were kept
constant at the level of that of 1984. A fleet MPG in excess of 30
MPG has been foregone in favor of higher performance.
Figures 7 and 8 present the average performance, weight and
volume characteristics of 1993 passenger cars in different MPG
bands. The results show that vehicles with high MPG have less
performance, are lighter, and tend to have smaller interior volume
than vehicles with low MPG.
-------
-4-
MPG by Model Year
Average MPG
Percent Truck
100%
75%
L50%
25%
i'' i'' i'' i'' i'' i " i " i'' i'' i' i ' 0%
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 1
MPG, 1975 to 1993 Cars
MPG
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 2
-------
-5-
TABLE 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
MODEL
YEAR
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Trucks
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Both
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(OOP)
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8836
8540
7812
9099
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4047
4420
4728
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14454
12641
12587
12232
13826
FRAC
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
.693
.699
.678
.639
.658
.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
.173
.197
.223
,239
.254
.283
.278
.298
.307
.301
.322
.361
.342
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
FUEL
CITY
13.7
15.2
16.0
17.2
17.7
20.3
21.7
22.3
22.1
22.4
23.0
23.7
23.9
24.2
23.8
23.4
23.6
23.2
23.5
12.1
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.4
16.5
17.8
18.1
18.3
17.9
18.0
18.8
18.8
18.3
18.1
17.8
18.3
17.5
17.7
13.4
14.6
15.6
16.3
16.5
19.6
20.9
21.3
21.2
21.2
21.5
22.1
22.2
22.1
21.7
21.4
21.6
20.8
21.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
19.5
21.3
22.3
24.5
24.6
29.0
31.1
32.7
32.7
33.3
34.3
35.5
35.9
36.6
36.3
35.9
36.3
36.2
36.6
16.2
16.9
18.1
17.5
16.8
21.9
23.9
24.4
25.2
24.8
24.9
25.9
26.5
26.2
25.8
25.8
26.6
25.7
26.3
18.7
20.2
21.3
22.5
22.3
27.5
29.5
30.7
30.6
30.8
31.3
32.2
32.6
32.7
32.3
32.1
32.4
31.5
32.3
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.7
28.0
27.7
28.0
13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.4
20.8
15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24.5
25.0
WGHT
LB
4058
4059
3944
3588
3485
3101
3076
3054
3112
3099
3093
3041
3031
3047
3099
3179
3153
3223
3234
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3921
4005
3949
4122
4125
4060
4079
3982
3715
3655
3228
3202
3202
3257
3262
3271
3238
3221
3283
3351
3427
3409
3548
3539
VOL
CU-FT
110.9
109.5
109.4
104.7
107.0
106.6
109.2
108.0
108.6
107.8
107.1
107.5
108.2
107.6
107.3
108.4
108.4
ENGINE
CID HP
288
287
279
251
238
188
182
175
182
179
177
167
162
160
163
164
163
168
169
311
319
318
314
298
248
247
243
231
224
224
211
210
227
234
237
228
243
244
293
294
287
266
252
198
193
188
193
190
189
180
175
180
185
186
184
195
195
136
134
133
124
119
100
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
139
141
142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
157
165
137
135
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
123
129
135
138
146
149
0-60
TIME
14.2
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.8
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.0
13.8
13.3
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.8
11.6
11.5
13.6
13.8
13.3
13.4
14.3
14.5
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.7
14.2
14.0
13.3
12.9
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.5
12.0
14.1
14.3
13.8
13.6
13.9
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.1
14.0
13.6
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.7
TOP
SPEED
111.4
110.5
111.4
111.1
110.3
106.7
106.3
106.4
107.8
108.8
110.7
111.2
111.9
113.1
114.7
116.8
118.3
120.1
120.8
113.7
112.7
114.8
114.2
111.0
108.2
107.8
108.5
107.9
107.7
109.7
110.0
112.7
115.1
116.2
117.2
117.3
118.3
120.7
111.8
111.0
112.1
111.8
110.5
106.9
106.6
106.8
107.8
108.5
110.5
110.9
112.1
113.7
115.2
117.0
118.0
119.4
120.7
HP/
CID
.515
.502
.516
.538
.545
.583
.594
.609
.615
.637
.671
.701
.732
.759
.783
.828
.851
.869
.872
.476
.458
.482
.481
.486
.528
.508
.524
.543
.557
.586
.621
.654
.650
.653
.668
.681
.673
.698
.507
.493
.510
.525
.532
.574
.580
.593
.599
.618
.650
.678
.710
.726
.743
.780
.796
.798
.812
HP/
WT
.0331
.0324
.0335
.0342
.0338
.0322
.0320
.0320
.0330
.0339
.0355
.0360
.0365
.0375
.0387
.0401
.0414
.0425
.0430
.0349
.0340
.0356
.0351
.0325
.0313
.0311
.0317
.0313
.0310
.0326
.0330
.0351
.0366
.0372
.0377
.0379
.0383
.0400
.0335
.0328
.0339
.0344
.0335
.0320
.0318
.0320
.0327
.0332
.0347
.0351
.0361
.0372
.0382
..0394
.0403
.0410
.0420
TON
-MPG
32.3
35.5
36.4
35.9
35.4
36.6
38.9
40.1
40.7
41.1
41.9
42.6
42.8
43.7
43.8
44.2
44.3
44.8
45.4
28.4
30.5
33.0
32.4
32.1
36.3
38.8
39.6
39.9
39.3
39.6
40.4
40.4
40.9
41.2
41.8
42.2
42.3
42.9
31.6
34.4
35.7
35.1
34.7
36.6
38.9
40.0
40.5
40.7
41.3
42.0
42.1
42.9
43.0
43.4
43.6
43.9
44.5
CU-FT
-MPG
2091
2240
2258
2507
2744
2836
2904
2910
2990
3057
3051
3119
3080
3011
3038
3036
3066
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4021
3926
3878
3841
4161
4273
4426
4425
4548
4585
4569
4693
4723
4744
4742
4843
4908
-------
-6-
TABLE 1 (Continued) CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES (PERCENTAGE BASIS)
MODEL
YEAR
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Trucks
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Both
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
6.5
5.8
6.8
9.6
11.9
29.7
37.0
45.6
47.3
53.7
61.6
71.1
77.0
81.7
82.5
84.3
83.3
81.9
81.6
1.4
2.0
1.7
1.4
4.9
7.1
5.9
7.4
9.0
9.9
15.5
9.8
11.7
14.5
5.3
4.6
5.5
7.4
9.2
25.0
31.0
37.0
37.0
42.1
47.8
52.6
57.7
60.0
60.2
63.6
59.6
56.5
58.6
4UD
.3
.9
.7
.8
3.1
1.0
2.1
1.1
1.1
.8
1.0
1.0
1.4
.7
.6
17.1
22.9
23.6
29.0
18.0
25.0
20.1
20.0
25.8
31.0
30.6
30.3
31.5
33.3
32.0
31.3
35.2
35.9
35.5
3.3
4.8
4.7
• 6.6
4.3
4.9
4.0
4.6
8.1
8.2
9.3
9.3
9.6
10.5
10.5
10.1
12.3
13.4
12.5
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
19.9
17.1
16.8
20.2
22.3
31.9
30.4
29.7
27.4
24.2
23.6
24.8
24.9
24.3
21.0
19.6
20.5
20.0
19.3
37.0
34.8
32.0
32.4
35.2
53.0
51.6
45.7
45.9
42.1
37.1
42.7
39.9
35.5
32.7
28.1
31.0
24.9
24.1
23.2
20.9
19.8
23.0
25.1
35.4
34.1
32.8
31.5
28.5
27.0
29.8
29.1
27.6
24.6
22.2
23.8
21.8
21.0
LOCK
6.7
8.0
16.5
33.3
51.4
56.7
58.3
58.7
58.0
59.5
66.1
69.3
73.0
73.6
73.4
74.5
2.1
24.6
31.1
33.2
36.1
35.1
42.2
42.0
44.8
53.1
56.8
67.4
67. 4
73.2
74.2
5.2
6.7
17.8
33.0
47.8
52.1
52.8
54.5
53.5
55.4
62.2
65.5
71.3
71.6
73.3
74.4
FUEL METERING
FI
5.1
3.2
4.2
5.1
4.7
6.9
8.8
17.0
28.3
39.4
53.5
65.1
73.0
83.7
90.2
98.6
99.8
99.9
100.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
1.7
1.1
.7
.6
2.6
12.3
40.5
66.9
87.7
93.5
96.0
98.2
98.9
98.9
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.9
3.7
6.0
7.5
13.8
22.1
30.6
43.0
58.2
71.3
84.9
91.2
97.8
99.3
99.5
99.6
TBI
.7
2.6
9.8
18.9
24.4
32.0
28.4
30.5
30.0
27.8
21.4
21.8
9.4
7.8
.2
18.7
33.6
44.4
47.6
40.8
43.2
33.1
27.8
.6
2.2
7.9
14.7
18.6
23.9
25.7
31.4
34.3
33.9
27.2
28.7
18.0
14.6
PORT
5.1
3.2
4.2
5.1
4.7
6.2
6.1
7.2
9.5
15.0
21.4
36.7
42.5
53.7
62.4
77.2
78.0
90.6
92.2
21.8
33.3
43.3
45.9
55.2
55.0
65.8
71.1
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.9
3.7
5.2
5.1
5.8
7.3
11.4
16.0
32.5
39.9
50.6
57.3
70.6
70.6
81.6
85.0
CARB
94.6
96.6
95.3
94.0
93.2
88.7
85.3
78.4
69.6
58.9
45.6
34.5
26.8
16.3
9.7
1.4
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.1
97.9
94.9
93.3
90.0
94.7
95.1
86.7
58.7
32.9
12.1
6.3
3.9
1.6
1.0
1.1
95.7
97.3
96.2
95.2
94.2
89.7
86.7
80.6
75.2
67.6
56.1
41.4
28.4
15.0
8.7
2.1
.6
.4
.4
DSL
.2
.3
.5
.9
2.1
4.4
5.9
4.7
2.1
1.7
.9
.3
.3
.1
.1
.8
1.8
3.5
5.6
9.3
4.7
2.3
1.1
.7
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.4
.9
2.0
4.3
5.9
5.6
2.7
1.8
.9
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
55.4
55.4
51.9
44.7
43.7
54.4
51.5
56.5
53.1
57.4
55.7
59.5
63.5
64.8
58.3
58.4
61.6
58.8
58.4
13.7
11.1
13.5
13.3
18.5
30.3
27.6
33.9
45.5
46.0
50.5
56.8
61.8
57.2
56.7
53.4
64.4
56.5
48.7
47.3
46.0
44.2
37.6
38.1
50.4
47.4
52.1
51.4
54.7
54.4
58.7
63.0
62.6
57.8
56.9
62.5
58.0
55.1
MID
23.3
25.2
24.5
34.4
34.2
34.4
36.4
31.0
31.8
29.4
28.9
27.9
24.3
22.3
28.2
28.6
26.2
27.1
25.7
LARGE
21.3
19.4
23.5
21.0
22.1
11.3
12.2
12.5
15.1
13.2
15.4
12.6
12.2
12.8
13.5
13.1
12.3
14.1
15.9 '
86.3
88.9
86.5
86.7
81.5
69.7
72.4
66.1
54.5
54.0
49.5
43.2
38.2
42.8
43.3
46.6
35.6
43.5
51.3
52.7
54.0
55.8
62.4
61.9
49.6
52.6
47.9
48.6
45.3
45.6 .
41.3
37.0
37.4
42.2
43.1
37.5
42.0
44.9
DESIGNED
DOM
81.6
84.9
82.2
80.2
80.4
71.2
71.7
70.4
71.0
75.9
72.3
68.2
61.6
61.2
61.9
57.0
56.4
57.2
57.9
88.7
90.9
88.5
89.1
84.7
69.4
72.0
76.3
78.5
78.0
80.1
70.3
72.3
81.1
81.9
80.3
79.7
83.8
83.1
82.9
86.2
83.5
82.2
81.4
70.9
71.7
71.6
72.7
76.4
74.2
68.8
64.6
67.1
68.1
64.0
63.9
66.8
66.5
EUR
8.2
5.4
5.5
6.3
5.6
8.4
6.0
6.3
5.5
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.9
6.3
5.5
4.9
4.5
4.3
4.3
ASIAN
10.3
9.7
12.2
13.5
14.0
20.4
22.3
23.3
23.5
18.1
21.6
25.1
31.5
32.5
32.6
38.1
39.1
38.5
37.8
IMPORT
18.4
15.1
17.8
19.8
19.6
28.8
28.3
29.6
29.0
24.1
27.7
31.8
38.4
38.8
38.1
43.0
43.6
42.8
42.1
11.3
9.1
11.5
10.9
15.3
30.6
28.0
23.7
21.5
22.0
19.9
29.7
27.7
18.9
18.1
19.7
20.3
16.2
16.9
17.1
13.8
16.5
17.8
18.6
29.1
28.3
28.4
27.3
23.6
25.8
31.2
35.4
32.9
31.9
36.0
36.1
33.2
33.5
-------
-7-
Passenger Car MPG and Inertia Weight
MPG
30
Inertia Weight
25-
20
15
10
4500
4000
3500
-3000
I II
2500
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 3
Light Duty Truck MPG and Weight
MPG
Inertia Weight
30
25-
20-
15-
Inertia Weight
MPG
4500
4000
3500
3000
10 H—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—'—i—i—>—i—i—I- 2500
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 4
-------
-8-
MPG and Performance
Passenger Cars
MPG
0 to 60 Time (Sec)
35
30-
25
20
15
MPG @ 1984 accel
15
14
13
12
11
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 5
MPG and Performance
Passenger Cars
MPG
Top Speed (MPH)
125
-120
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 6
-------
-9-
Top Speed and 0 to 60 vs MPG
1993 Passenger Cars
240
Top Speed (MPH)
0 to 60 (Sec)
210-
180
150-
120-
90
-+-Top Speed -*'0to60
-16
-12
-8
-4
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
MPG
Figure 7
Weight and Volume vs MPG
1993 Passenger Cars
Weight (Lbs.)
Total Volume (Cu. Ft.)
/,uuu
6nnn
,uuu
-
5f\f\f\
,uoo
_
4,000
3,000 -
2,000
H nnn -
\
v
* » » » «
V/ * *s o* *
4_ | ^ ^ * $ ^^ ^
4- -ftl *
* N "*\.
*^3+,
-* -^H^H.
* Volume "^Weight
FTA * »
***** *
* *
I I ~MI"~^~^- I
uu
- -tnn
-50
n
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
MPG
Figure 8
-------
-10-
Horsepower, CID and Horsepower per CID
1975 to 1993 Passenger Cars
HP, CID
HP/CID
300
250^
200
150
100-
50
1.0
0.9
0.8
-0.7
-0.6
rO.5
0.4
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 9
Vehicle performance depends strongly on power-to-weight ratio.
If, as indicated earlier, weight is trending upward, then the
reason for the increase in performance must lie with increased
horsepower; Table 1 indicates this upward trend in engine power.
Engine power can be increased by increasing displacement and
by increasing specific power (HP/CID). Figure 9 shows trends in
HP, CID, and HP/CID since 1975. For the past 10 years or so, the
trend in HP has been up. CID has not shown a major upward trend
being close to 170 CID for several years now. In contrast, the
trend in HP/CID has been dramatic. Specific power has increased by
74 percent since 1976, and by 45 percent since the HP minimum in
1981-82.
Since the early 1980s, therefore, the substantial trends in
performance-related metrics are due to increased horsepower which
has been achieved primarily via increased specific power.
-------
-11-
IV. Technology Trends
There are technology changes that can explain the trends seen
previously in specific power. One way to increase specific power
is the use of more than two valves per cylinder. Three or four
valves per cylinder can increase an engine's volumetric efficiency
leading to more horsepower. The benefits of this technology can be
used in more than one way. If the displacement of the engine is
kept constant, multi-valve engines can produce more horsepower
yielding increased vehicle performance. On the other hand,
increased specific power allows use of a smaller displacement
engine with benefits in fuel economy, while keeping vehicle
performance constant. Because the benefits of a technological
change can be used for either better performance or better fuel
economy, it is not surprising that projections of future fuel
economy capabilities vary due to different assumptions about how
presumed future technological improvements will be used.
In order to track the trends in multi-valve engine use, the
database was augmented with information about the number of valves
per cylinder. The information was based on published sources
[32,33,34] to the extent possible, augmented by other sources.[35]
Data were available back to 1986 that were useful for studying
trends. Only the passenger car database was augmented with the
valves per cylinder data.
Multi-valve engines do have higher specific power. Figure 10
shows that 4-valve engines have the highest HP/CID, more than 1.0
HP/CID; 3-valve engines, intermediate values (approaching 1.0
HP/CID); and 2-valve engines, the lowest (approaching 0.8 HP/CID).
Notice, also that there is an upward trend in HP/CID in all three
groups. Since 1986, for example, the specific power of 2-valve
engines has increased 11 percent. More information on the trends
in valves per cylinder can be found in Appendix D.
Greater market penetration of multi-valve engines with higher
specific power could be responsible for the fleetwide increase in
specific power. This is shown in Figure 11, which indicates that
multi-valve engines now exceed 35 percent of the car market and
most of them are 4-valve engines.
Separate from any other knowledge about manufacturers' product
plans, do the data indicate that 4-valve engines are going to rise
to a dominant market share? This technology replacement question
is obviously of great interest. Figure 12 compares 4-valve market
penetration to two other technologies which have effectively
replaced prior technologies: port fuel injection replacing
carburetion, and front-wheel drive (FWD) replacing rear-wheel
drive. Figure 13 compares 4-valve market penetration to that-of
technologies which "came and went," i.e. were unsuccessful in
replacing other technologies: throttle-body fuel injection (TBI)
-------
-12-
HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylinder
1986 to 1993 Passenger Cars
HP/CID
1.2
1.0-
0.8-
0.6
4-Valve
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
Model Year
Figure 10
Number of Valves Per Cylinder
Model Year 1986 to 1993 Passenger Cars
Market Fraction
100%
75% -
50% -
100%
-75%
-50%
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93
25% -
25%
Model Year
Figure 11
-------
-13-
losing out to port fuel injection, and 3-valve engines losing out
to 2-valve and 4-valve engines.
An answer to the replacement question is not apparent from
looking at Table 1 and Figures 12 and 13. It is likely that one or
two more years of data are necessary since although Figure 13 looks
subjectively like a better fit, the 4-valve curve could increase to
market dominance like PFI and FWD or it could die out like TBI, 3-
valve engines, and Diesels, or it could stabilize at some
intermediate value near 50 percent.
An important observation from Figure 12 is that technology
replacement in the automotive industry takes time. For PFI and FWD
the times to exceed 80 percent of the market were 12 and 13 years,
respectively. This kind of a time constant needs to be kept in
mind when studying possible future scenarios for emissions and fuel
economy, especially if changes in either are predicated on new or
replacement technology.
Appendix D provides additional figures and tables that
describe technology trends.
V. Fuel Economy Improvement Potential
In references 20 and 24, MPG capability contained in the then
current fleet was examined using a method called the best-in-class
(BIG) analysis. In a BIC analysis, one divides the baseline fleet
of vehicles into classes and then examines the MPG characteristics
of each class. If one selects the MPG performance of the best cars
in the class (hence the name), one can recompute a fleet average
using the best cars' MPG and the same relative sales proportions of
the fleet that existed in the baseline. The BIC analysis was one
of the methods used to investigate future fleet MPG capability when
the original fuel economy standards were set.
The classes may be generated in any way, but the most common
classes are those that are based on the car classes used for the
EPA/DOE Gas Mileage Guide and the inertia weight classes used for
EPA's emission certification program. We have chosen to use
inertia weight classes, since if the sales proportions in each
inertia weight class (IWC) are held constant, the average weight of
the fleet does not change.
One potential problem with a BIC analysis is that the high MPG
cars used may be unusual in some way—so unusual that the
hypothetical fleet made up of them, although a high MPG fleet, may
be deficient in some other attributes considered desirable by car
buyers. We chose to look at both the best and the worst cars in
each class to see how the best and the worst-in-class (WIC) cars
differed from the average car in each class.
-------
-14-
Passenger Car Technology Penetration
Years After First Significant Use
Market Fraction
100
80
60 H
40
20 H
4-VALVE?
PORT Fl
FWD
\
4-VALVE
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Years
Figure 12
Passenger Car Technology Penetration
Years After First Significant Use
Market Fraction
100
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Figure 13
-------
-15-
Table 2 shows the results of the BIG analysis for 1993. If
the fleet were comprised of cars with the MPG of the best dozen
cars in each class, the fleet would be 30.4 MPG, more than 8
percent better than the 28 MPG average of the current fleet. The
cars that comprise the best dozen in each class are listed in
Appendix E. The list of vehicles considered best (or worst) in
class includes as one entry vehicles with different nameplates, but
identical powertrains and fuel economy such as the Ford Taurus and
Mercury Sable. The list of vehicles also excludes vehicles sold by
small volume importers. The BIG cars represent 21 percent of the
market while the WIG cars represent only 8 percent. The BIG cars
are actually fairly close to the average in interior volume,
performance, and size mix. The biggest departure from the average
for the BIG cars is a larger share of manual transmissions. BIG
cars are therefore much more representative of the average cars
than are the WIG cars.
Table 2
Results of "Best-In-Class" Analysis 1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia weight
Interior volume
Percent of sales
CID
Horsepower
Top speed
0 to 60 acceleration
Worst 12
In Class
23.7
3234
89
8%
209
189
138
9.7
Actual
Fleet
28.0
3234
108
100%
169
141
121
11.5
Best 12
in Class
30.4
3234
109
21%
156
130
117
12.0
Percent of vehicles Equipped With:
Front -Wheel drive
Manual transmission
Lockup transmission
62%
45%
24%
82%
19%
75%
87%
47%
51%
Percent of Vehicles That are:
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
99%
0%
1%
56%
21%
23%
58%
26%
16%
58%
4%
38%
54%
33%
14%
54%
1%
45%
-------
-16-
Of course, the BIG analysis is sensitive to the selection of
the best cars. If the BIC analysis is based on the best five or
best one car in each class instead of the best dozen, the fleet MPG
projected changes from 30.4 MPG (best 12), to 31.8 MPG (best 5), to
33.6 MPG (best 1). Further information from the BIC analysis is
included in Appendix E. The results in this appendix use the same
methods described in reference 24. Appendix F contains detailed
data by weight class. Appendix G contains data stratified by car
and truck class, and Appendix H contains data arranged using
cylinder count.
The best-in-class analysis is only one of several methods that
can be used to make inferences about the potential for obtaining
other fuel economy levels. The major use of such methods is to
investigate the potential for higher than current fuel economy
levels. There is no interest in projections of lower than current
fuel economy levels. In addition to the best-in-class approach,
regression analysis, learning curve approaches, the menu method,
the Delphi method, and engine map-based methods 'are the primary
methods used.
Using regression analysis in determining the relationship
between fuel economy and variables that can explain it is
frequently used. Armed with an equation that describes MPG, one
can alter one or more of the variables considered to be independent
and examine what the MPG effect would be. Such approaches have
been used, for example, to infer the effect reduced weight and
reduced engine displacement would have on fuel economy. In most
regression studies, the variables and the functional forms for them
are very often not based on any physical or engineering hypothesis,
so the mechanistic cause-and-effect relationships are not sought
and, consequently, not found.
Like best-in-class analyses, the regression approach cannot
infer what would be the effect of a technical change that was not
present in the database, or inaccurately represented in the
analysis with respect to its causal strength. For example, if the
original database did not contain the results for shutting off the
engine at idle or multi-valve engine use, then both the best-in-
class and the regression methods would fail to predict the MPG
benefit of using these technologies. Another limitation to both
the best-in-class and regression analysis methods is that neither
method predicts when the predicted MPG improvement can be attained.
Learning curve studies have been used a great deal in cost
studies, but not very much in MPG projections. The basic theory
used is that the more a given process is done, the more efficiently
it can be performed. In cost studies, "more" is translated into
cumulative production and the "more efficiently" is translated into
piece cost for a mass-produced item. Many manufacturing systems
show behavior that can be modeled well enough to make projections
-------
-17-
concerning the cost reduction due to each doubling of cumulative
production volume. When the "more-efficiently" variable is changed
to fuel consumption (1/MPG) , the fuel consumption versus cumulative
production approach yields results that can be interpreted to imply
that since 1975, fuel economy has improved by at least 8 percent
for each cumulative doubling in production. Extrapolating that
trend into the future implies that shortly after the year 2000 the
new car fleet could be projected to exceed 30 MPG. Learning curve
analysis, like best-in-class and regression analysis, cannot
explain from an engineering perspective how the forecasted MPG
improvement will occur. In addition, like any time series study,
the results can be confounded by time trends in other factors
affecting MPG.
One of the difficulties with the learning curve approach is
that the improvements in fuel economy seen over time may be due to
reasons other than simply the industry getting better at doing the
same thing. An example could be the introduction of new and
different technology. The improvement seen over time could be due
to increased penetration into the market of new, more fuel
efficient technologies and the learning curve approach might be
inappropriate.
In order to focus on this issue we identified a subset of
vehicles that were nominally the same and tracked their change in
MPG over time. Thus, a "single vehicle type" is identified and any
improvements in MPG would be consistent with a learning curve
explanation.
The analysis compares all cars against just the subset of cars
at the same weight, front-wheel drive, horsepower range,
transmission type, fuel metering and number of valves per cylinder.
The figure of merit used was the ratio of the MPG in 1993 to the
MPG in 1981. The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
MPG Improvements Over Time For Different Vehicle Types
Vehicle Type
All cars
3,000-lb cars, all drives, horsepowers,
fuel metering and valves /cylinder
3,000-lb cars, FWD, 100 to 135 HP,
auto trans., fuel injection 2 valves/cyl.
1993 MP6/1981 MPG
1.12
1.18
1.41
-------
-18-
As the vehicle group becomes more and more defined, the
improvement over time does not go away, it, in fact, increases.
This means that the learning curve method cannot be dismissed as an
approach to investigating future MPG improvements. Further studies
are probably necessary before numerical values of learning curve
MPG improvement factors can be determined, however.
The menu method derives its name from the list of fuel economy
improving technologies or approaches available. In order to use
the method, the technological characteristics of the baseline fleet
are used as the starting point. To make a future projection of
higher MPG, the fleet penetrations of technologies that .result in
fuel economy improvements are increased, and new technologies can
be added. The addition of new technologies is an important
characteristic of this approach. If a fuel economy improving
technology (e.g., a lean burn engine or a 6-speed automatic
transmission with lockup) can have a numerical fuel economy
improvement assigned to it, then on paper it can be introduced into
the fleet and its percent market penetration increased with
resulting fleet fuel economy improvements. Points of (sometimes
controversial) discussion with the menu method are: which
technologies should be on the menu, what the fuel economy impact of
each technology is, how to model the results of combining more than
one technology, and how fast the technologies on the list can
penetrate into the new car fleet. Much of the analysis work for
recent studies of automobile fuel economy [28,29,30] have been of
this type, and all have been directly or indirectly influenced by
work supported by the Department of Energy.
The Delphi method is another methodology that can be used to
study future fuel economy levels. In this approach a panel of
experts is formed, each of which possesses in-depth knowledge of
the subject area. The panelists independently answer questions
that deal with fuel economy potential. After the results are
tabulated, the answers are sent back to each of the panel members
so that the panelists can see how their answer compared to the
consensus of, or the distribution of, the other answers. The
panelists are then given a chance to change their answers, and the
second-round results obtained are generally considered to be
representative of "informed opinion" on the subject. This type of
methodology requires the least amount of experimental data and
tends to be the most subjective.
The engine map method utilizes hard data about the measured
fuel consumption of an engine as a function of engine speed and
engine load (an engine map) and vehicle characteristics such as
weight, drag coefficient, frontal area, the rolling resistance of
its tires, and the characteristics of its transmission, and
predicts the fuel consumed over a given vehicle duty cycle. If the
duty cycle is the same one that is used to generate MPG values for
the government's regulatory and public information programs dealing
-------
-19-
with MPG, then forecasts can be made of likely MPG improvements due
to changes in engine efficiency or vehicle characteristics. Most
of the public development of this method was done by the U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT).[31] This method uses, as input
data, fuel consumption maps and so is limited by the availability
of engine maps. DOT did generate several engine maps for analysis
purposes, but the engine mapping work stopped more than 10 years
ago. Recently, some work in modeling has been reported [36,37]
that utilizes simplified, generalized engine maps. This approach
also shows promise.
All of the methods for making estimates of future MPG
potential have pros and cons. A robust approach could utilize some
or all of the usual analysis methods, gaining improved
understanding from both the similarities and differences in the
resultant projections.
VI. Trends by Market Segment
Table 4 shows the characteristics of Domestic, European, and
Asian passenger cars. The MPG performance of the car groups shown
in Figure 2 indicates that the European cars trail the Domestics by
about 2 MPG and the Asians by about 5.5 MPG and this pattern has
held since 1990. The Europeans (up more than 300 Ibs in the last
5 years) and the Asians (up more than 200 Ibs) are gaining weight
faster than the Domestics (up 100 Ibs) in the same time period.
European cars have the highest weight, horsepower,
performance, and specific power. Asians cars lead in fuel economy,
ton-MPG, and cu-ft MPG. Domestic cars lead in interior volume,
CID, and cu-ft ton MPG.
The data in Table 5 for Domestic and Import light trucks show
that since 1981, Domestic trucks have increased from 18.2 MPG to
20.3 MPG (+12 percent) even though MPG has been fairly constant for
the past few years. In contrast, over the same time period, Import
trucks have decreased from 27.3 to 23.0 MPG (-16 percent). These
trends show another example of the effect of the current MPG
standards—different manufacturer groups' MPG performance
approaching the standard over time. The trend with trucks is more
pronounced than was the trend with passenger cars noted earlier in
this report.
Figure 14 and Table 5 show that Domestic trucks and Asian cars
have experienced the largest growth in market share since 1975,
their growth coming at the expense of Domestic cars.
The sales trends shown in Figure 14 and Tables 4 and 5 for the
five vehicle groups can be combined with the fuel economy values of
the groups to yield a relative total fuel consumption value,
-------
-20-
Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
Cars and Light Trucks
Sales Fraction
100%
75%-
50%-
25%-
• EUROPEAN CARS
• IMPORT TRUCKS
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
Model Year
Figure 14
assuming all vehicles travel the same distance. Data comparing
1975 and 1993 are shown in Table 6, normalizing total fuel
consumption to 100 for each year.
Since 1975, Asian cars have quadrupled their relative share of
the total fuel consumed by the light fleet, Import trucks have
tripled their share, and Domestic trucks have increased their share
from one-fifth to one-third of the total. Changes in relative
share reflect changes in sales and fuel economy.
If actual fuel consumption, not normalized fuel consumption,
is the measure only the Domestic and European car classes have
reduced fuel consumption since 1975. If all classes had reduced
actual fuel consumption as much as the Domestic car class has,
today's fleet would use less than one-half of the fuel used by the
1975 fleet. Changes in actual fuel consumption also reflect
changes in sales and fuel economy.
Table 7 presents another way to compare cars and light trucks
in this case by size class. In the 15 size classes shown in Table
7, Domestic vehicles lead in six, European vehicles lead in one,
and Asian vehicles lead in eight. The best cars are sometimes
dramatically different from the worst cars in MPG, comparing the
results from Tables 7 and 8.
-------
-21-
TABLE 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(OOP)
FRAC
FUEL
CITY
ECONOMY
HWY
55/45
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID
HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPEED
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
TON
-MPG
CU-FT
-MPG
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
Domestic
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Europe
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Asian
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
6718
8253
9293
8958
8682
6728
6261
5506
5683
8102
7797
7517
6608
6574
6204
5033
4813
4470
5271
;an
673
527
623
707
599
791
525
494
440
640
665
732
743
675
550
437
383
332
390
846
942
1383
1510
1513
1924
1948
1819
1879
1933
2328
2765
3380
3487
3264
3365
3343
3010
3437
.816
.849
.822
.802
.804
.712
.717
.704
.710
.759
.723
.682
.616
.612
.619
.570
.564
.572
.579
.082
.054
.055
.063
.056
.084
.060
.063
.055
.060
.062
.066
.069
.063
.055
.049
.045
.043
.043
.103
.097
.122
.135
.140
.204
.223
.233
.235
.181
.216
.251
.315
.325
.326
.381
.391
.385
.378
12.8
14.4
14.9
16.1
16.8
18.9
20.2
20.8
20.5
21.3
21.8
22.4
22.4
22.7
22.4
21.9
22.0
21.8
22.2
19.6
20.1
21.3
21.9
21.7
24.3
25.5
25.1
23.7
23.2
22.8
22.6
22.5
21.9
21.1
21.0
21.1
20.7
21.0
20.1
23.0
25.4
25.3
23.4
25.5
27.5
27.6
28.7
28.5
28.1
28.8
27.9
28.6
27.6
26.3
26.7
26.0
26.2
18.1
20.1
20.7
23.0
23.3
27.1
29.4
31.3
30.9
32.1
33.2
34.5
34.8
35.7
35.6
35.4
35.5
35.5
36.0
29.1
29.3
31.4
32.0
31.4
35.1
36.0
34.3
33.0
32.8
32.3
32.2
31.8
31.9
31.1
31.2
31.8
31.6
32.2
29.3
33.3
35.8
34.3
32.4
34.7
36.5
37.2
39.4
39.9
39.2
40.0
39.2
39.6
38.9
37.5
38.0
37.9
38.2
14.7
16.5
17.1
18.6
19.2
21.9
23.5
24.5
24.1
25.1
25.8
26.6
26.7
27.1
26.9
26.5
26.5
26.4
26.8
23.0
23.4
24.9
25.5
25.2
28.2
29.4
28.6
27.2
26.7
26.3
26.1
25.9
25.5
24.7
24.6
24.9
24.5
24.9
23.4
26.7
29.2
28.7
26.7
29.0
30.9
31.2
32.7
32.7
32.2
32.9
32.0
32.7
31.8
30.4
30.8
30.3
30.5
4380
4317
4246 115.8
3853 114.4
3711 114.4
3341 110.5
3291 113.2
3247 112.1
3310 114.6
3233 111.5
3246 112.7
3199 111.6
3200 112.1
3247 112.2
3276 112.6
3363 113.0
3334 112.9
3379 113.4
3375 113.3
2704
2720
2676 89.6
2579 91.1
2680 89.3
2574 89.6
2765 93.1
2895 96.4
3041 98.5
2987 99.9
3070 102.5
3016 103.0
3032 100.8
3084 103.1
3209 104.4
3360 105.1
3393 104.6
3485 104.2
3528 104.7
2575
2550
2485 83.7
2482 85.3
2506 84.9
2482 88.5
2469 88.6
2512 90.6
2528 93.1
2569 93.6
2585 94.6
2616 96.8
2700 97.1
2662 98.1
2745 98.9
2879 98.6
2865 98.3
2963 100.1
2983 99.9
328
318
316
287
270
220
209
200
208
197
199
190
189
189
190
194
194
199
198
114
119
115
112
118
112
121
128
140
139
145
146
145
149
156
155
156
158
160
113
108
104
106
107
107
109
113
112
114
113
110
111
108
112
119
119
122
124
147
142
144
134
129
110
106
105
111
109
117
117
120
126
128
134
139
145
147
83
85
84
83
84
78
84
92
107
110
117
123
128
133
144
148
150
162
171
93
86
84
83
78
77
78
80
82
88
89
90
93
93
103
118
120
127
129
14.2
14.4
13.9
13.6
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.0
13.8
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.4
12.3
12.2
11.8
11.5
11.5
15.3
14.8
14.8
14.5
14.9
15.2
15.2
14.8
13.5
13.0
12.8
12.2
11.9
11.7
11.3
11.5
11.5
11.0
10.6
13.4
13.9
13.9
14.0
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.2
13.7
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.6
12.9
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.6
112.6
111.4
112.8
112.6
112.0
108.3
107.5
107.4
108.7
109.0
111.7
112.3
113.6
115.3
116.0
117.2
119.2
120.9
121.6
102.6
103.9
103.7
104.1
103.9
102.4
103.1
105.1
110.1
111.7
113.7
116.2
117.8
119.2
122.1
121.8
122.1
125.4
128.2
108.6
106.0
105.6
105.5
103.0
102.8
103.3
103.6
104.6
106.8
106.8
106.8
107.2
107.7
110.9
115.6
116.8
118.2
118.7
.456
.455
.460
.480
.500
.530
.549
.567
.565
.593
.625
.646
.666
.695
.703
.713
.730
.748
.754
.729
.728
.734
.743
.720
.699
.694
.718
.773
.798
.823
.857
.890
.899
.934
.962
.969
1.029
1.072
.814
.795
.798
.784
.734
.720
.713
.707
.731
.768
.782
.810
.827
.851
.908
.983
1.011
1.032
1.031
.0332
.0324
.0337
.0346
.0345
.0328
.0323
.0323
.0331
.0336
.0357
.0364
.0374
.0386
.0391
.0398
.0414
.0426
.0431
.0299
.0311
.0311
.0318
.0312
.0303
.0302
.0315
.0352
.0367
.0380
.0401
.0414
.0422
.0441
.0433
.0434
.0457
.0477
.0355
.0334
.0333
.0332
.0310
.0309
.0314
.0315
.0322
.0340
.0339
.0338
.0338
.0344
.0368
.0402
.0412
.0420
.0423
32.6
35.8
36.4
36.0
35.8
36.6
38.7
40.0
40.2
40.8
41.9
42.6
42.7
44.1
44.0
44.5
44.3
44.7
45.3
31.4
32.2
34.0
33.9
34.7
37.5
42.1
42.7
42.0
40.8
41.1
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.9
41.7
42.6
42.9
43.9
30.8
34.3
37.0
36.2
33.9
36.4
38.6
39.7
41.9
42.5
42.2
43.5
43.6
43.8
43.9
44.0
44.4
45.1
45.7
2005
2170
2230
2446
2706
2800
2828
2857
2950
2998
3017
3069
3047
3010
3024
3018
3062
2368
2505
2415
2690
2928
2923
2785
2772
2818
2793
2699
2707
2653
2658
2686
2625
2643
2543
2531
2356
2647
2815
2924
3159
3174
3175
3287
3194
3291
3216
3056
3099
3109
3121
4220
4129
4100
4067
4408
4504
4611
4553
4734
4767
4801
4963
4972
5044
5021
5086
5151
3093
3120
3145
3397
3939
4143
4181
4086
4231
4128
4017
4102
4185
4394
4467
4488
4611
3105
3097
2895
3232
3426
3611
3924
4004
4013
4211
4236
4299
4341
4341
4372
4522
4567
-------
-22-
TABLE 4 (Continued) CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS (PERCENTAGE BASIS)
MODEL
YEAR
Domestic
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
European
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Asian
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
1.3
1.4
1.4
3.3
5.4
22.3
32.4
42.9
42.4
51.3
60.0
68.2
74.3
78.8
80.7
84.2
82.5
82.4
80.9
46.1
46.3
55.0
61.9
54.0
69.3
61.1
54.8
42.0
45.4
45.0
47.1
45.7
50.7
44.4
42.9
42.5
38.4
40.9
17.0
21.2
22.0
22.8
32.4
39.2
45.5
51.3
63.2
66.8
71.8
85.3
89.3
93.0
92.4
89.9
89.1
85.8
87.4
4WD
.6
.3
.4
.6
.3
.1
.1
.3
.1
.1
.5
.6
1.2
1.4
1:0
.9
1.0
1.1
.5
1.7
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.2
11.3
4.2
9.4
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.4
1.8
1.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
8.2
8.1
4.4
6.9
9.1
15.7
15.3
15.4
12.3
13.6
11.0
11.7
10.8
10.0
8.5
6.2
7.1
8.4
7.9
68.5
65.5
73.1
74.2
73.2
78.0
68.7
61.2
53.6
51.0
46.4
47.1
49.3
41.1
31.5
29.2
29.6
29.1
26.4
74.0
69.2
74.4
74.1
77.8
69.7
68.7
64.4
67.1
59.4
59.0
54.4
47.1
47.9
43.0
38.3
38.7
36.2
36.0
LOCK
8.4
10.0
23.2
45.3
70.5
72.8
69.1
69.6
70.6
70.6
80.3
81.8
85.5
87.9
85.7
86.9
.1
.3
.6
7.1
11.9
11.2
25.4
29.5
32.7
31.1
32.9
37.5
3.7
7.4
21.4
32.3
36.6
36.1
48.3
47.3
52.2
59.5
57.9
59.7
59.6
FUEL
FI
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
3.7
13.9
27.3
38.3
57.5
70.7
84.8
95.5
98.4
99.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.8
33.7
52.4
53.9
47.6
48.9
61.4
65.6
77.1
84.2
88.8
91.4
90.3
94.2
98.7
99.2
96.9
98.5
99.2
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
29.1
29.9
43.2
46.1
59.6
73.2
97.4
99.9
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI
1.0
3.7
13.9
26.6
32.0
44.2
41.0
45.2
36.1
34.6
27.9
26.7
12.6
10.3
2.4
.1
.5
.4
1.7
8.5
23:9
19.6
14.4
17.2
5.6
4.8
PORT
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
.2
.7
6.3
13.3
29.6
39.6
59.4
63.8
71.5
73.3
87.4
89.7
38.8
33.7
52.4
53.9
47.6
48.9
61.4
65.6
77.1
84.2
88.8
91.4
90.3
91.8
98.7
99.2
96.9
98.5
99.2
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
28.6
29.5
41.4
37.6
35.7
53.6
82.9
82.7
94.4
95.2
CARB
99.4
99.1
99.3
98.5
97.3
95.6
91.3
82.4
71.5
60.7
42.3
29.2
15.1
4.5
1.6
.6
58.3
61.6
38.9
36.7
37.1
25.3
2.2
6.3
3.5
2.2
.3
5.3
6.6
5.7
.5
.2
85.6
94.0
93.7
94.1
91.9
90.6
88.2
85.6
79.3
70.1
69.9
56.8
53.9
40.4
26.8
2.6
.1
DSL
.4
1.6
3.2
5.0
3.7
1.2
.9
.2
.1
.1
2.9
4.7
8.6
9.5
15.3
25.8
36.4
28.1
19.4
13.6
10.9
3.3
3.1
.1
.8
.8
2.8
1.5
.8
.8
1.3
.5
.8
.2
.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
45.9
47.7
41.8
31.2
30.4
36.4
32.7
38.8
34.7
45.3
40.7
43.6
43.3
48.1
40.4
36.4
40.8
42.3
41.8
94.8
95.8
95.6
96.9
94.2
96.0
95.0
93.8
90.5
81.6
79.5
76.4
78.5
68.4
66.0
62.9
64.7
65.0
65.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.1
99.6
95.8
91.0
90.7
91.1
82.6
82.9
MID
28.1
29.4
29.6
42.7
42.1
47.7
50.3
43.4
44.1
37.2
38.0
38.1
37.1
31.8
38.7
41.2
38.1
33.8
31.2
5.2
4.2
4.4
3.1
5.8
4.0
5.0
6.2
9.3
18.4
20.5
22.1
19.7
23.6
24.6
30.9
26.7
24.5
27.6
.8
1.9
.4
4.2
9.0
9.3
8.9
17.4
17.1
LARGE
26.1
22.9
28.6
26.1
27.5
15.8
17.0
17.8
21.3
17.4
21.3
18.3
19.6
20.1
21.0
22.4
21.1
23.8
27.0
.1
1.5
1.9
8.0
9.4
6.2
8.6
10.5
7.4
-------
-23-
TABLE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
YEAR (OOP) FRAC CITY HWY 55/45 LB C1D HP TIME SPEED C1D WT -HPG
Domestic
1975 1763 .887 11.6 15.4 13.1 4227 335 149 13.4 114.8 .441 .0354 28.1
1976 2374 .909 12.4 16.3 13.9 4282 339 146 13.8 113.4 .427 .0342 30.3
1977 2499 .885 13.4 17.2 14.9 4298 343 154 13.2 116.0 .449 .0360 32.4
1978 2915 .891 13.2 16.7 14.5 4304 337 152 13.2 115.4 .451 .0356 31.8
1979 2615 .847 12.7 15.7 13.8 4504 330 148 14.2 112.5 .449 .0329 31.8
1980 1292 .694 14.9 19.8 16.8 4323 303 136 14.4 110.1 .451 .0315 36.8
1981 1310 .720 16.1 21.7 18.2 4173 293 132 14.4 109.8 .453 .0317 38.4
1982 1459 .763 16.8 22.7 19.0 4077 277 130 14.3 110.1 .486 .0323 39.3
1983 1806 .785 17.2 23.8 19.6 3977 256 125 14.5 108.8 .508 .0314 39.6
1984 2608 .780 16.8 23.4 19.2 3991 250 125 14.6 108.7 .523 .0313 38.9
1985 2939 .801 17.0 23.7 19.5 3963 245 130 14.2 110.5 .553 .0327 39.2
1986 3057 .703 17.4 24.2 19.9 3994 242 134 13.8 111.6 .580 .0335 40.1
1987 2989 .723 17.7 25.2 20.4 3932 237 143 13.0 115.2 .629 .0364 40.5
1988 3695 .811 17.7 25.5 20.5 3989 247 150 12.7 116.8 .629 .0375 41.2
1989 3634 .819 17.5 25.3 20.3 4048 253 153 12.6 117.7 .630 .0380 41.5
1990 3055 .803 17.3 25.4 20.2 4142 257 158 12.5 118.3 .633 .0382 42.1
1991 3227 .797 17.8 26.2 20.8 4051 247 156 12.4 118.5 .648 .0386 42.5
1992 3703 .838 17.1 25.3 20.0 4232 260 163 12.4 119.4 .644 .0387 42.6
1993 3930 .831 17.3 25.9 20.3 4224 261 171 11.9 122.0 .670 .0408 43.1
1975 224 .113 18.6 26.9 21.6 2857 120 89 14.8 104.7 .752 .0314 31.1
1976 238 .091 19.3 28.4 22.6 2879 122 91 14.6 105.4 .761 .0319 33.2
1977 325 .115 21.8 30.9 25.1 2884 128 92 14.3 106.0 .741 .0323 37.0
1978 358 .109 22.2 29.9 25.1 2903 126 89 14.7 104.4 .719 .0309 37.2
1979 472 .153 20.3 28.0 23.1 2854 124 84 15.0 102.9 .688 .0298 33.7
1980 570 .306 21.5 29.0 24.3 2839 124 86 14.7 103.8 .701 .0307 35.1
1981 510 .280 24.2 32.5 27.3 2862 130 84 15.2 102.6 .650 .0296 39.9
1982 454 .237 24.1 32.0 27.1 2932 134 87 15.2 103.3 .648 .0300 40.6
1983 495 .215 24.1 32.1 27.1 2982 137 92 14.6 104.7 .672 .0310 41.0
1984 736 .220 23.7 31.2 26.6 3043 134 91 14.9 103.8 .680 .0300 40.9
1985 730 .199 23.5 30.9 26.3 3119 139 100 14.4 106.7 .719 .0322 41.4
1986 1293 .297 23.1 31.2 26.2 3132 138 99 14.2 106.2 .717 .0317 41.1
1987 1145 .277 22.5 30.6 25.6 3139 139 99 14.2 106.3 .718 .0318 40.3
1988 864 .189 21.9 29.3 24.7 3211 142 105 13.9 107.8 .743 .0327 39.7
1989 801 .181 21.1 28.4 23.9 3347 149 113 13.6 109.6 .756 .0338 40.1
1990 750 .197 20.5 27.9 23.3 3448 153 123 13.0 112.6 .807 .0359 40.4
1991 820 .203 20.3 27.9 23.1 3547 155 125 13.2 112.4 .811 .0354 41.2
1992 716 .162 20.1 27.6 22.9 3557 155 127 13.0 112.9 .822 .0358 41.0
1993 797 .169 20.1 28.0 23.0 3637 159 133 12.8 114.1 .837 .0365 42.1
-------
-24-
IABLE 5 (Continued) CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS (Percentage Basis)
MODEL
YEAR
Domestic
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Imported
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.3
5.7
8.2
7.6
9.4
10.8
11.8
18.8
12.0
13.4
14.2
4.6
6.5
7.1
6.2
2.0
2.4
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.2
2.3
.8
3.3
15.9
4UD
19.3
25.2
26.7
31.7
17.6
27.1
19.0
18.2
26.1
33.0
30.7
29.9
29.8
30.0
29.8
26.8
32.6
34.3
33.6
6.5
20.1
20.3
22.8
26.1
24.6
23.9
30.0
31.2
35.9
47.2
42.2
49.5
45.7
44.4
44.5
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
31.1
30.1
25.3
25.5
25.6
36.8
35.6
31.2
33.8
30.1
26.5
25.4
26.0
25.9
24.2
19.0
24.0
18.2
18.7
83.5
82.1
83.2
88.6
88.1
89.8
92.8
92.2
90.2
84.6
79.8
83.5
76.3
76.5
71.1
65.3
58.4
59.4
50.9
LOCK
2.4
35.4
43.2
43.6
45.8
43.0
49.7
55.5
56.2
61.7
64.2
76.1
74.6
79.9
79.7
.9
7.4
12.0
10.2
15.0
16.3
23.2
31.9
39.1
38.5
47.1
FUEL METERING
FI
9.5
44.6
79.2
96.0
98.5
98.7
99.7
99.8
99.9
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.4
4.0
2.8
3.0
11.7
23.5
31.0
34.8
52.4
70.9
84.9
92.3
93.9
93.7
TBI
.2
19.8
38.6
50.7
52.8
48.6
51.0
37.5
33.3
16.2
20.5
17.7
24.3
9.0
12.5
10.7
.5
PORT
24.8
40.6
45.3
45.7
50.1
48.7
62.4
66.6
14.8
14.4
34.7
46.6
75.8
79.8
83.2
93.2
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.1
97.9
95.9
98.4
93.3
95.9
98.1
89.6
54.8
20.6
3.8
1.3
1.1
.1
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
92.6
80.1
79.5
90.3
84.6
75.0
68.1
64.9
47.6
29.1
15.1
7.7
6.1
6.3
DSL
.9
2.1
4.1
1.6
6.7
4.1
1.9
.9
.6
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
2.0
15.9
17.7
6.8
3.8
1.6
.9
.2
VEHICLE
SMALL
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
18.1
33.8
39.3
44.0
46.4
53.6
52.0
52.0
50.8
64.5
55.8
45.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.3
90.2
84.7
88.0
70.0
76.7
81.6
83.1
79.6
77.9
63.7
64.1
60.3
64.1
SIZE
LARGE
97.3
97.8
97.7
97.3
96.2
95.7
96.7
81.9
66.2
60.7
56.0
53.6
46.4
48.0
48.0
49.2
35.5
44.2
54.4
10.7
9.8
15.3
12.0
30.0
23.3
18.4
16.9
20.4
22.1
36.3
35.9
39.7
35.9
-------
-25-
Table 6
Relative Fuel Consumption For Five Vehicle Groups
Vehicle Group
Domestic cars
European cars
Asian cars
Domestic trucks
Import trucks
Relative Fuel Consumption
1975 1993
69
4
5
20
2
37
3
20
34
6
Figures 15 through 18 show ways in which the three market
segments are similar and ways in which they are different. Figure
15 reinforces the earlier discussion about weight trends, showing
that for the European and Asian groups, the trend has been an
increasing one for more than 10 years.
Figure 16 indicates that increased volumes have accompanied
the European and Asian cars' increased weight, although the
Domestics still have the largest volume.
Figure 17 shows that in HP/CID, the European and Asian trends
are essentially identical having increased and been above 1.0
HP/CID for some years now. The Domestics trail in HP/CID but also
show an increasing trend.
As seen in Figure 18 all three groups show very similar trends
in terms of performance especially in the last 3 or 4 years.
-------
-26-
Table 7
Best 1993 Vehicle by Size Class
Class
Make
Name
Type
MPG
Small Pickup
Large Pickup
Small Van
Large Van
Small Utility
Large Utility
Two-Seater
Minicompact
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Large
Small Wagon
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Nissan
Ford
Eagle
Chevy
Suzuki
Jeep
GEO
Nissan
GEO
Pontiac
Mazda
Eagle
Ford
Volvo
Chevy
Size Class
Truck 2WD
Ranger 2WD
Summit
G10/20 Van
Samari
Grand Cherokee
Metro LSI
NX
Metro XFi
Lemans
626
Vision
Tracer
240
Caprice
Table 8
Characteristics
Asian
Domestic
Asian
Domestic
Asian
Domestic
Asian
Asian
Asian
Asian
Asian
Domestic
Domestic
European
Domestic
For 1993
29.1
30.8
29.8
22.2
33.5
20.9
50.8
38.0
65.3
40.6
34.1
26.8
37.8
28.2
22.8
Class
Small Pickup
Large Pickup
Small Van
Large Van
Small Utility
Large Utility
Two-Seater
Minicompact
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Large
Small Wagon
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Avg
MPG
25.4
19.9
22.9
17.8
21.0
17.6
29.8
30.8
31.5
29.5
26.0
24.3
30.7
25.6
22.5
Low Percent
MPG Pom.
23.0 64.9
12.5 85.6
19.1 81.8
14.5 100.0
16.9 78.2
12.6 95.5
10.0 15.6
17.1
13.9 30.3
14.6 52.7
13.9 71.9
13.6 98.0
22.7 48.3
21.4 41.7
22.4 LOO.O
of Class That is:
Eur. Asian
8.1 76.3
8.4 91.6
4.2 65.5
5.1 42.2
3.4 24.7
2.0
1.5 50.2
25.7 32.6
Imported
35.1
14.4
18.2
0.0
21.8
4.5
84.4
100.0
69.7
47.3
28.1
2.0
51.7
58.3
0.0
-------
-27-
Weight, 1975 to 1993 Cars
Weight (Pounds)
4500
4000
Domestic "*" European ~*~ Asian
2500
2000
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 15
Passenger Car Interior Volume
EPA Volume (cu. ft.)
130
LARGE
76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 16
I
SUBCOMPACT
MINICOMPACT
-------
-28-
Horsepower per CID, 1975 to 1993 Cars
HP/CID
1.1
1.0
0.9-
0.8
0.7-
0.6-
0.5
0.4
Domestic
•*• European
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 17
0 to 60 Time, 1975 to 1993 Cars
0 To 60 Time (Sec)
— Domestic
•*• European
-«- Asian
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure 18
-------
-29-
VII. Conclusions
1. The 1993 MPG values for passenger cars, light trucks, and
both together is little changed from last year and are all within
1 MPG of the values since 1985.
2. For roughly the last decade, the most significant trend
has been increased vehicle performance.
3. Increased vehicle performance has been achieved by
increased horsepower which has been achieved primarily due to
increased specific power.
4. Since 1987, vehicle weight has increased by 6 percent for
cars and 11 percent for trucks.
5. Engines with more than two valves per cylinder exceed 35
percent of the market; most of these have four valves per cylinder.
6. Technology replacement in the automobile industry takes
more than a decade to accomplish.
7. There are several methods that can be used to assess
future MPG potential. A best-in-class analysis indicates that the
current passenger car fleet has the potential of attaining more
than 30 MPG.
8. Since 1975, Domestic trucks and Asian cars have
experienced the major growth in market share at the expense of
Domestic cars.
9. Since 1975, Domestic trucks have increased their relative
share of the fuel consumed by the light-duty fleet from one-fifth
to one-third of the total. Asian cars have quadrupled their
relative fuel consumption, now accounting for one-fifth of the
total. Domestic cars have shown the greatest reduction in actual
fuel consumption.
VIII.Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their thanks to those colleagues
in the industry .who assisted with the preparation and review of the
valves-per-cylinder database, their thanks to reviewers at the U.S.
EPA, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Department
of Energy for their coments on and corrections of the draft of this
report, and their sincere appreciation to Jennifer Criss of TDG for
word processing, editing, and report preparation.
-------
-30-
IX. References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fuel Economy and
Emission Control, November 1972.
2. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends and Influencing
Factors," SAE Paper 730790, Austin and Hellman, September 1973.
3. "Fuel Economy of the 1975 Models," SAE Paper 740970,
Austin and Hellman, October 1974.
4. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy Trends Through 1976," SAE
Paper 750957, Austin and Service, October 1975.
5. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1977,"
SAE Paper 760795, Murrell, Pace, Service, and Yeager, October 1976.
6. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1978,"
SAE Paper 780036, Murrell, February 1978.
7. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1979,"
SAE Paper 790225, Murrell, February 1979.
8. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1980,"
SAE Paper 800853, Murrell, Foster and Bristor, June 1980.
9. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1981,"
SAE Paper 810386, Foster, Murrell and Loos, February 1981.
10. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1982,"
SAE Paper 820300, Cheng, LeBaron, Murrell, and Loos, February 1982.
11. "Why Vehicles Don't Achieve EPA MPG On the Road and How
That Shortfall Can Be Accounted For," SAE Paper 820791, Hellman and
Murrell, June 1982.
12. "Light-Duty Automobile Fuel Economy Trends through 1983,"
SAE Paper 830544, Murrell, Loos, Heavenrich, and Cheng, February
1983.
13. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends Through 1984," SAE
Paper 840499, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos, February 1984.
14. "Light Truck Fuel Economy - Trends through 1984," SAE
Paper 841405, Loos, Cheng, Murrell and Heavenrich, October 1984.
15. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy - Trends Through
1985," SAE Paper 850550, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos,
March 1985.
-------
-31-
16. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1986," SAE Paper
860366, Heavenrich, Cheng, and Murrell, February 1986.
17. "Trends in Alternate Measures of Vehicle Fuel Economy,"
SAE Paper 861426, Hellman and Murrell, September 1986.
18. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1987," SAE Paper
871088, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Cheng, May 1988.
19. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1988," U.S. EPA,
EPA/AA/CTAB/88-07, Heavenrich and Murrell, June 1988.
20. "Light-Duty Automotive and Technology Trends Through
1989," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-04, Heavenrich, Murrell, and
Hellman, May 1989.
21. "Downward Trend in Passenger Car Fuel Economy—A View of
Recent Data," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-01, Murrell and Heavenrich,
January 1990.
22. "Options for Controlling the Global Warming Impact from
Motor Vehicles," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-08, Heavenrich, Murrell,
and Hellman, December 1989.
23. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends
Through 1990," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-03, Heavenrich and Murrell,
June 1990.
24. "Light-Duty Automotive Technoloyg and Fuel Economy Trends
Through 1991," EPA/AA/CTAB/91-02, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Hellman,
May 1991.
25. "Concise Description of Auto Fuel Economy in Recent
Years," SAE Paper 760045, Malliaris, Hsia and Gould, February 1976.
26. "Highway Statistics," U.S. DOT, Federal Highway
Administration, Tables VM-1, annual.
27. R. L. Polk and Co. data, cited in Transportation Energy
Data Book. Edition 8, Table 2.12, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Report ORNL-6205, November 1985.
28. "Automotive Fuel Economy: How Far Should We Go?"
Committee on Fuel Economy of Automobiles and Light Trucks, Energy
Engineering Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,
National Research Council, National Research Press, Washington DC,
1992.
-------
-32-
29. "Costs and Benefits Of Automotive Fuel Economy
Improvement: A Partial Analysis," Greene, D., Center for
Transportation Analysis; and K. Duleep, Energy and Environmental
Analysis, Inc.; U.S. DOE; DE-AC05-84OR21400; March 1992.
30. "Improving Automobile Fuel Economy: New Standards, New
Approaches," U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-E-
504, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, ISBN 0-16-
035920-1, October 1991.
31. "A Computer Program (HEVSIM) For Heavy Duty Vehicle Fuel
Economy and Performance Simulation, Vol. 1: Description and
Analysis, Final Report," Buck, Richard E., DOT-HS-805-910, DOT-TSC-
NHTSA-81-14.1, UMTA-MA-06-0119-81-1, DOT-TSC-UMTA-81-19-.1,
Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA, September 1981.
32. Automotive News Insight, October 7, 1991 and October 5,
1992.
33. Automotive News; Market Data Book Issue, 1991, 1990,
1989.
34. Wards Automotive Yearbook. 1992, 1989, 1988, 1987, 1986.
35. Private Communication, Gilbert Way, Consultant.
36. "The Use of Fuel By Spark Ignition Engines," SAE Paper
939329, Ross, M. and F. An, March 1993.
37. "A Model of Fuel Economy and Driving Patterns," SAE Paper
939328, An, F. and M. Ross, March 1993.
-------
A-l
Appendix A : Light Duty Vehicle Classification Convention
Manufacturer/Vehicles Years Are Classified As:
American Motors
American Motors
Chrysler Vehicles by Diamond Star
Chrysler Vehicles by Maserati
Chrysler Vehicles by Mitsubishi
Chrysler Colt 4wd Wagon
Chrysler Colt Vista
Chrysler Summit Wagon
Mitsubishi Space Wagon
Mitsubishi EXPO
Dodge Monaco
Dodge Monaco
Eagle Premier
Eagle 4wd Wagon
Dodge Ramcharger
Lamborghini
Lamborghini
Aston Martin
Aston Martin
Jaguar
Jaguar
Ford Vehicles by Mazda
Ford Festiva
Ford Merkur/Scorpio
Ford Probe (4 cyI)
Ford Probe (6 cyl)
Mercury Capri
Mercury Capri
Ford Escort (All)
Ford Escort (1.8 L)
Ford Escort (1.9 L)
Mercury Tracer (1.8 L)
Mercury Tracer (1.9L)
Ford Taurus SHO
75-87 American Motors
87-93 Chrysler
All Chrysler/Asian
All Chrysler/Asian
All Chrysler/Asian
All Passenger Car (Small Wagon)
All Small Van
All Small Van
All Small Van
All Small Van
75-77
90-93
90-93
All
All
75-89
90-93
75-87
88-93
75-89
90-93
All
All
All
All
93
75-86
91-93
81-90
91-93
91-93
91-93
91-93
All
Domestic
European
European
Passenger Car
Domestic
Lamborghini
Chrysler European
Aston Martin
Ford/European
Jaguar
Ford/European
Ford/Asian
Ford/Asian
Ford/European
Ford/Asian
Ford/Asian
Domestic
Ford/Asian
Ford/Domestic
Ford/Asian
Ford/Domestic
Ford/Asian
Ford/Domestic
Ford/Asian
-------
A~2
Appendix A : Light Duty Vehicle Classification Convention (Continued)
Manufacturer/Vehicles Years Are Classified As:
Ford Pinto Van
Ford Villager
Nissan Quest
General Motors vehicles by Isuzu
General Motors vehicles by Nummi
General Motors vehicles by Suzuki
Pontiac Lemans
Pontiac Lemans
Cadillac Allante
Mazda Navajo
Saab
Saab
Lotus
Lotus
Sterling
Subaru 4wd Sedans/Wagons
All Passenger Car
All Ford/Asian
All Nissan/Asian
All GM/Asian
All GM/Asian
All GM/Asian
75-81 GM/Domestic
91 -93 GM/Asian
All Domestic
All Domestic
75-89 Saab/European
90-93 GM/European
75-87 Lotus
88-93 GM/European
All Asian
All Passenger Cars
Note : Classification of a vehicle as Domestic, European or Asian is based on the
authors' judgement of where the majority of the engine and emission control system
design and development work was done. It is meant to be a tracking system for
technical parameters related to engine and emission control technology and is not a
replacement for the Domestic/Import classification used in implementing fuel economy
standards legislation.
-------
B-l
Appendix B - 1992 Nameplate Average HPG, by Vehicle Size Class
TWO SEATERS 55/45 MINI COMPACT SEDANS
55/45
HPG
55/45
MPG
GM METRO LSi CONVERTIBLE 46.2
NISSAN NX ...
TOYOTA PASEO
35.0
34.4
LOTUS ELAN 31.1 VU/AUDI CABRIOLET
MAZDA MX-5 MIATA 31.1
31.3
FORD CAPRI 29.7
ALFA ROMEO SPIDER 28.6
TOYOTA MR2 28.0
TOYOTA CELICA CONVERTIBLE
NISSAN 240SX
27.8
27.4
HONDA NSX 24.4
GM REATTA 24.4
LOTUS ESPIRIT 24.2
NISSAN 300ZX 23.4
PORSCHE 968 23.2 PORSCHE 968
23.2
GM CORVETTE 22.8
MAZDA RX-7 22.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SL 21.9
PORSCHE 911 CARRERA 4/2 21.8
GM ALLANTE 20.4
CHRYSLER VIPER * 18.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 500SL 18.3
FERRARI 348 TB/TS 17.5
JAGUAR XJ-S CONVERTIBLE 17.0
FERRARI F40 16.0
FERRARI TESTAROSSA 14.5
LAMBORGHINI DB132/DIABLO 12.8
PORSCHE 911 CARRERA 4/2 21.9
PORSCHE 911 TURBO 18.3
SUBCOMPACT SEDANS
55/45
MPG
GM METRO XFi 65.3
HONDA CIVIC HB VX 58.6
GM FIREFLY 49.1
SUZUKI SPRINT 48.8
GM METRO 48.8
SUZUKI SWIFT 44.2
FORD FESTIVA 42.0
HONDA CIVIC 41.2
SUBARU JUSTY 40.7
DAIHATSU CHARADE 40.3
NISSAN SENTRA 36.7
SUZUKI SWIFT GT 35.9
HYUNDAI EXCEL 35.8
CHRYSLER COLT 35.8
SUBARU JUSTY 4WD 35.8
TOYOTA TERCEL 35.0
CHRYSLER SUMMIT 35.0
MITSUBISHI MIRAGE 34.6
HYUNDAI SCOUPE 34.1
GM STORM 33.6
VW/AUDI FOX 32.6
TOYOTA COROLLA 32.5
MAZDA MX-3 31.9
GM PRIZM 31.7
GM SC 31.6
HONDA INTEGRA 30.8
GM SUNBIRD 30.4
GM CAVALIER 30.1
ISUZU IMPULSE 29.9
TOYOTA CELICA 29.7
HONDA PRELUDE 28.6
CHRYSLER LASER 28.4
MITSUBISHI ECLIPSE 28.4
CHRYSLER SHADOW CONVERTIBLE .. 28.1
CHRYSLER DAYTONA 27.6
CHRYSLER TALON 26.9
VU/AUDI CORRADO 26.7
CHRYSLER LEBARON CONVERTIBLE . 26.5
BMW 318i CONVERTIBLE 26.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 190E 2.3 26.2
MERCEDES-BENZ 190E 2.6 25.4
FORD MUSTANG 24.8
VU/AUDI 80 24.7
NISSAN M30 24.6
SAAB 900 CONVERTIBLE 24.6
BMU 3251 24.5
CHRYSLER STEALTH 23.7
VU/AUDI 80 QUATTRO 23.7
GM CAMARO/FIREBIRD/TRANS AM... 23.6
SUBARU SVX 23.5
NISSAN 300ZX 2+2 23.5
MITSUBISHI 3000 GT 23.5
BMU 325i CONVERTIBLE 23.4
TOYOTA SUPRA 23.0
TOYOTA SC300/SC400 22.9
MERCEDES-BENZ 300CE 22.5
JAGUAR XJ-S COUPE 17.3
FERRARI MONDIAL T / CAB 16.7
BMU 850i 16.6
ASTON MARTIN VIRAGE SALOON ... 15.2
ROLLS-ROYCE CORNICHE/BENTLEY.. 13.9
-------
B-2
Appendix B (Continued) - 1992 Nameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Class
COMPACT SEDANS
55/45
FORD ESCORT FS 40.9
HYUNDAI PRECIS 35.7
MAZDA 323 35.4
GM LEMANS 34.9
FORD ESCORT 34.3
ISUZU STYLUS 33.9
FORD TRACER 33.8
GM SL 33.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 300D 2.5 TURBO . 33.0
MAZDA PROTEGE 32.7
VW/AUDI JETTA 31.8
VW/AUDI GOLF/GTI 31.4
CHRYSLER SHADOW/SUNDANCE 30.2
SUBARU LOYALE 30.1
GM ACHIEVA 29.7
GM GRAND AM 29.4
HONDA ACCORD 29.0
SUBARU LEGACY 29.0
HYUNDAI J-CAR 28.8
GM SKYLARK 28.3
SUBARU LOYALE AWD 28.3
FORD TEMPO FS 28.0
GM CORSICA 27.9
VW/AUDI JETTA/GTI 16V 27.6
MITSUBISHI GALANT 27.5
NISSAN STANZA 27.5
PEUGEOT 405 SEDAN 27.1
GM BERETTA 27.1
FORD TOPAZ 26.9
FORD TEMPO 26.8
SUBARU LEGACY 4WD 26.7
CHRYSLER LEBARON 26.7
FORD PROBE 26.5
HONDA VIGOR 26.4
SAAB 900 25.9
VOLVO 240 25.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E 2.6 25.4
ALFA ROMEO STERLING 827 24.8
PEUGEOT 405 SEDAN 4WD 24.8
TOYOTA CRESSIDA 24.5
HONDA LEGEND 24.4
SUBARU LEGACY 4WD TURBO 24.3
FORD PROBE 24.1
ALFA ROMEO 164 23.9
MITSUBISHI DIAMANTE 23.7
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E 23.3
BMW 525i 23.3
TOYOTA ES300 23.1
FORD JAGUAR XJ6 22.5
BMW 535i 21.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E-4MATIC 21.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 500E 18.1
BMW M5 17.5
MIDSIZE SEDANS
55/45
MPG
MAZDA 626/MX-6 29.5
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY CONT.
H.6
CHRYSLER ACCLAIM 27.8
CHRYSLER SPIRIT 27.6
VW/AUDI PASSAT 27.2
GM CUTLASS CIERA 26.6
FORD TAURUS 26.5
GM CENTURY 26.3
TOYOTA CAMRY 26.3
FORD SABLE 26.0
GM LUMINA 25.8
VOLVO 740 25.5
HYUNDAI SONATA 25.5
NISSAN MAXIMA 25.5
CHRYSLER DYNASTY 25.3
GM GRAND PRIX 25.3
GM CUTLASS SUPREME 25.3
CHRYSLER NEW YORKER 25.0
FORD THUNDERBIRD 24.9
FORD COUGAR 24.9
GM REGAL 24.6
GM TORONADO 24.4
GM RIVIERA 24.4
MAZDA 929 24.4
VOLVO 940 GLE 16-VALVE 23.9
VOLVO 780/940 23.6
VW/AUDI 100 23.5
TOYOTA LS400 23.1
FORD MARK VII 22.9
GM SEVILLE 22.5
GM ELDORADO 22.5
NISSAN 045 21.6
BMW 735i/735iL 20.5
NISSAN 045 FULL-ACTIVE 18.9
BMW 750iL 16.8
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY TURBO 14.6
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY/SILVER SP. 13.9
LARGE SEDANS
55/45
MPG
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SD
CHRYSLER IMPERIAL
GM EIGHTY-EIGHT/LASABRE ..
CHRYSLER MONACO/PREMIER ...
VOLVO 960
GM NINETY-EIGHT
... 24 7
... 24.6
... 24 6
... 24 5
... 24.4
... 24.4
GM BONNEVILLE
GM PARK AVENUE
FORD LTD CROWN VICTORA
SAAB 9000
24.3
24.2
24.1
24.1
FORD GRAND MARQUIS 23.5
GM CAPRICE
FORD TOWN CAR/CONTINENTAL
GM ROADMASTER/BROUGHAM ...
GM FLEETWOOD/DEVILLE
22.9
22.8
22.7
22.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SE 19.2
MERCEDES-BENZ 400SE 17.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 500SEL
MERCEDES-BENZ 600SEL
16.5
14.6
-------
B--3
Appendix B (Continued) - 1992 Nameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Size Class
MIDSIZE WAGONS 55/45
***************************** MPG
LARGE WAGONS 55/45
***************************** MPG
SMALL WAGONS 55/45
***************************** |n|pQ
FORD TRACER 34.4
FORD ESCORT 34.3
TOYOTA COROLLA 33.2
SUBARU LOYALE 30.4
GM CAVALIER 29.6
SUBARU LOYALE 29.1
SUBARU LEGACY 28.8
TOYOTA COROLLA ALL-TRAC 28.6
SUBARU LOYALE 4WD 28.5
HONDA ACCORD 27.2
VW/AUDI PASSAT 27.2
TOYOTA CAMRY 26.4
GM CENTURY 26.4
SUBARU LEGACY 4WD 26.3
GM CUTLASS CRUISER 26.2
FORD TAURUS 25.9
FORD SABLE 25.9
VOLVO 240 25.8
VOLVO 740 25.3
PEUGEOT 405 24.8
VOLVO 960 24.4
VOLVO 940 GLE 16-VALVE 23.9
VOLVO 940 23.6
PEUGEOT 505 23.0
GM ROADMASTER
GM CAPRICE
GM CUSTOM CRUISER
MERCEDES-BENZ 300TE 21.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 300TE-4MATIC ... 20.5
22.7
22.7
22.7
-------
B--4
Appendix B (Continued) - 1992 Nameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Size Class
SMALL PICKUPS 55/45
***************************** typQ
NISSAN TRUCK 2WD 28.2
ISUZU PICKUP 2WD 25.8
GM S10 PICKUP 2WD 25.7
FORD RANGER PICKUP 2UD 25.5
GM SONOMA PICKUP 2WD 25.3
MITSUBISHI TRUCK 2UD 24.7
CHRYSLER RAM 50 2WD 24.7
GM COACHBUILDER WAGON 22.6
FORD RANGER PICKUP 4WD 21.9
GM COMMERCIAL CHASSIS 20.5
GRUMMAN-OLSON POSTAL CAB CHAS 19.3
PAS-SYCLONE 19.1
SMALL VANS 55/45
***************************** MPQ
MITSUBISHI EXPO.LRV 28.9
CHRYSLER SUMMIT/COLT VISTA ... 27.6
NISSAN AXXESS 26.6
MITSUBISHI EXPO 25.6
CHRYSLER CARAVAN C/V 2WD 24.4
NISSAN AXXESS AUD 23.8
CHRYSLER CARAVAN/VOYAGER 2WD .23.7
FORD AEROSTAR VAN 23.0
GM APV/TRANS SPORT 2WD 22.9
CHRYSLER TOWN & COUNTRY 22.8
GM SILHOUETTE 2UD 22.6
TOYOTA PREVIA 22.4
MAZDA MPV 22.0
GM ASTRO/SAFARI 2WD (CARGO) .. 21.7
TOYOTA PREVIA ALL-TRAC 21.7
FORD AEROSTAR 21.4
GM ASTRO/SAFARI 2WD (PASS) ... 21.1
CHRYSLER CARAVAN C/V 4UD 20.7
GM ASTRO/SAFARI AUD (CARGO) .. 20.6
CHRYSLER CARAVAN/VOYAGER 4WD . 20.1
FORD AEROSTAR VAN AUD 20.1
GM ASTRO/SAFARI AUD (PASS) ... 19.8
FORD AEROSTAR 19.8
CHRYSLER TOUN & COUNTRY 19.8
NISSAN PATHFINDER VAN 19.7
SMALL UTILITY 55/45
***************************** MPG
SUZUKI SAMURAI SOFT-TOP 33.4
SUZUKI SAMURAI 2UD 33.4
SUZUKI SIDEKICK 2WD 30.1
GM TRACKER CONVERTIBLE 29.2
SUZUKI SIDEKICK SOFT-TOP 28.9
GM TRACKER VAN 4WD 28.8
SUZUKI SIDEKICK HARDTOP 28.4
DAIHATSU ROCKY 4UD 26.9
GM JIMMY/510 BLAZER 2UD 22.0
MAZDA NAVAJO 21.7
CHRYSLER URANGLER 4WD 21.4
TOYOTA 4-RUNNER 2UD 21.3
FORD EXPLORER 2WD 21.2
ISUZU AMIGO 4WD 20.8
CHRYSLER CHEROKEE 2UD 20.7
GM BRAVADA AUD 20.7
MAZDA NAVAJO 4X4 20.6
GM JIMMY/510 BLAZER 4UD 20.6
NISSAN PATHFINDER 2UD 20.5
ISUZU RODEO 2UD 20.1
FORD EXPLORER 4UD 19.9
CHRYSLER CHEROKEE 4UD 19.5
NISSAN PATHFINDER 4UD 19.4
MITSUBISHI HONTERO 19.2
ISUZU TROOPER 19.1
PAS-TYPHOON 19.1
MAZDA MPV 4X4 19.1
ISUZU RODEO 4UD 19.1
TOYOTA 4-RUNNER 4UD 17.5
-------
B--5
Appendix B (Continued) - 1992 Nameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Size Class
LARGE PICKUPS 55/45
*****************************
LARGE VANS 55/45
*****************************
LARGE UTILITY 55/45
*****************************
TOYOTA TRUCK 2WD ............. 26.8
MAZDA B2200/B2600I ........... 26.1
TOYOTA TRUCK 4WD/TOYOT ....... 23.9
TOYOTA 1-TON TRUCK 2WD ....... 23.4
CHRYSLER POWER RAM 50 4UD .... 22.6
MAZDA B2600I 4X4 ............. 22.2
MITSUBISHI TRUCK 4WD ......... 22.2
NISSAN TRUCK 4UD ............. 22.0
CHRYSLER COMANCHE PICKUP ..... 21.8
ISUZU PICKUP 2WD 1TON
GM SONOMA PICKUP 4 ...
21.
20.
GM S10 PICKUP 4WD 20.7
ISUZU PICKUP 4WD 20.2
CHRYSLER DAKOTA PICKUP 2WD ... 20.1
GM C1500 SIERRA 2WD 19.2
GM C1500 PICKUP 2WD 18.8
TOYOTA TRUCK 4WD 18.5
GM C2500 PICKUP 2WD 18.5
GM C2500 SIERRA 2UD 18.5
FORD F150 PICKUP 2WD 18.5
CHRYSLER DAKOTA PICKUP 4WD ... 18.2
FORD F250 PICKUP 2WD 17.6
GM K1500 PICKUP 4WD 17.3
GM K1500 SIERRA 4WD 17.2
FORD F150 PICKUP 4WD 17.1
CHRYSLER D100/D150 PICKU 17.0
GM K2500 SIERRA 4UD 16.9
GM K2500 PICKUP 4WD 16.9
CHRYSLER U100/U150 16.8
CHRYSLER D250 PICKUP 2UD 16.3
CHRYSLER DAKOTA CAB CHASSIS .. 16.0
CHRYSLER W250 PICKUP 4UD '14.6
CHRYSLER D250 CAB CHASSIS 14.2
TOYOTA CAB/CHASSIS 2WD 13.2
GM G10/20/ VAN 2WD 18.8
GM G15/25 VANDURA 18.7
GM G30 VAN 2WD 18.4
GM G35 VANDURA 2UD 18.4
FORD E150 ECONOLINE 17.3
GM G10/20 SPORTVAN 17.3
GM G15/25 RALLY 2WD 17.3
GM G30 SPORTVAN 2WD 16.9
GM G35 RALLY 2WD 16.9
FORD E150 CLUB WAGON 16.8
CHRYSLER B150/B250 VAN 2WD 16.7
CHRYSLER B350 VAN 2WD 16.3
FORD E250 ECONOLINE 16.1
CHRYSLER B150/B250 15.8
CHRYSLER B350 2WD 14.3
GM C1500 SUBURBAN 16.9
GM K1500 YUKON 4WD 16.9
GM K1500 BLAZER 4WD 16.9
CHRYSLER RAMCHARGER 2WD 16.6
RANGE ROVER 16.3
FORD BRONCO 4WD 16.1
GM K1500 SUBURBAN 15.4
TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 14.6
CHRYSLER RAMCHARGER 4WD 13.7
CHRYSLER GRAND WAGONEER 13.7
-------
C--1
Appendix C - 1993 Mameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Size Class
TWO SEATERS 55/45 MINI COMPACT SEDANS
***************************** MPG ************************
55/45
HPG
GM METRO LSi CONVERTIBLE
... 46.2
HONDA CIVIC DEL SOL 37.6
MAZDA MX-5 MI ATA 31.1
LOTUS ELAN 30.2
ALFA ROMEO SPIDER 28.7
TOYOTA MR2 27.7
HONDA NSX 24.6
LOTUS ESPRIT 24.2
MAZDA RX-7 23.5
NISSAN 300ZX 23.4
PORSCHE 968 23.0
GM CORVETTE 22.9
JAGUAR XJS CONVERTIBLE 21.9
PORSCHE 911 CARRERA 4/2 21.8
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SL 21.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 500SL 20.4
GM ALLANTE 19.6
CHRYSLER VIPER 18.5
FERRARI 348 17.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 600SL 17.0
JAGUAR XJRS CONVERTIBLE 15.3
FERRARI 512 14.5
CHRYSLER DB132/DIABLO 12.8
VECTOR W8 10.0
NISSAN NX ...
TOYOTA PASEO
35.3
34.4
VU/AUDI CABRIOLET
FORD CAPRI
29.8
29.7
TOYOTA CELICA CONVERTIBLE
27.8
NISSAN 240SX 27.5
PORSCHE 968 23.2
PORSCHE 911 CARRERA 4/2 21.8
PORSCHE 928 GTS 18.6
SUBCOMPACT SEDANS
UNADJ
55/45
MPG
GM METRO XFi 65.3
HONDA CIVIC HB VX 58.4
GM FIREFLY 49.3
SUZUKI SPRINT 49.3
GM METRO 49.0
GM METRO LSi 47.9
SUZUKI SWIFT 44.2
FORD FESTIVA 42.2
HONDA CIVIC 40.7
SUBARU JUSTY 40.7
CHRYSLER COLT/ SUMMIT 38.6
MITSUBISHI MIRAGE 37.4
SUZUKI SWIFT GT 36.0
SUBARU JUSTY AWD 36.0
NISSAN SENTRA 35.8
HYUNDAI EXCEL .' 35.8
TOYOTA TERCEL 35.4
GM STORM 34.3
GM SC 34.0
HYUNDAI SCOUPE 33.8
VW/AUDI FOX 32.6
MAZDA MX-6 32.2
MAZDA'MX-3 31.9
SUBARU IMPREZA 31.2
HONDA INTEGRA 31.0
ISUZU IMPULSE 30.2
FORD PROBE 29.9
GM CAVALIER 29.9
SUBARU IMPREZA AWD 29.8
TOYOTA CELICA 29.7
BMW 318i, 318iS 29.1
MITSUBISHI ECLIPSE 28.7
HONDA PRELUDE 28.5
CHRYSLER DAYTONA 28.5
CHRYSLER SHADOW CONVERTIBLE .. 28.5
CHRYSLER LASER 28.3
GM SUNBIRD 28.2
CHRYSLER LEBARON CONVERTIBLE . 27.2
CHRYSLER TALON 26.9
MERCEDES-BENZ 190E 2.3 26.6
BMW 325i, 325iS 26.4
GM FIREBIRD 25.9
GM CAMARO 25.8
MERCEDES-BENZ 190E 2.6 25.6
FORD MUSTANG 25.1
SAAB CONVERTIBLE 24.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 300CE 24.3
MITSUBISHI 3000 GT 24.3
CHRYSLER STEALTH 24.0
SUBARU SVX 23.9
VW/AUDI CORRADO SLC 23.7
NISSAN J30 23.6
SUBARU SVX AWD 23.5
NISSAN 300ZX 2+2 23.4
BMW 325i CONVERTIBLE 23.3
VW/AUDI 90 QUATTRO 23.2
TOYOTA SC300/SC400 23.1
JAGUAR XJS COUPE 21.9
BMW 850Ci 16.6
FERRARI MONDIAL 16.6
JAGUAR XJRS COUPE 15.5
ROLLS-ROYCE CORNICHE/BENTLEY 13.9
-------
C-2
Appendix C (Continued) • 1993 Nameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Size Class
COMPACT SEDANS
55/45
MPG
FORD ESCORT FS 39.8
MAZDA 323 35.3
HYUNDAI PRECIS 35.2
GM LEMANS 35.0
GM SL 34.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 3000 2.5 TURBO . 34.0
ISUZU STYLUS 33.8
FORD ESCORT/TRACER 33.7
TOYOTA COROLLA 33.4
MAZDA PROTEGE 32.9
GM PRIZM 32.4
CHRYSLER SHADOW 30.5
SUBARU LOYALE 30.4
VU/AUOI GOLF III / GTI 30.3
CHRYSLER SUNDANCE 30.2
NISSAN G20 29.5
HONDA ACCORD 29.3
GM GRAND AM 29.2
SUBARU LEGACY 29.1
VU/AUDI JETTA III 28.8
GM CORSICA 28.8
HYUNDAI ELANTRA 28.7
GM ACHIEVA 28.7
SUBARU LOYALE 4WD 28.5
NISSAN STANZA ALTIMA 28.5
MITSUBISHI GALANT 28.2
FORD TOPAZ 27.7
GM BERETTA 27.7
CHRYSLER LEBARON 27.6
GM SKYLARK 27.5
FORD TEMPO 27.5
SUBARU LEGACY AUD 27.1
HONDA VIGOR 26.1
VOLVO 240 25.5
SAAB 900 25.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E 2.8 24.8
BMW 525i 24.5
SUBARU LEGACY AUD TURBO 24.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E 24.3
HONDA LEGEND 24.0
ALFA ROMEO 164 23.9
MITSUBISHI DIAMANTE 23.6
VOLVO 780 23.6
VW/AUDI 90 23.6
MERCEDES-BENZ 400E 23.4
TOYOTA ES300 23.2
VW/AUDI S4 23.2
JAGUAR XJ6 23.1
VU/AUDI 100 QUATTRO 22.8
MIDSIZE SEDANS
"ft****************
55/45
MPG
LARGE SEDANS
BMW 535i 21.5
MERCEDES-BENZ 300E-4MATIC 21.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 500E 20.5
VW/AUDI V8 19.0
BMW M5 17.5
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY CONTIN. .. 14.6
MAZDA 626 31.8
CHRYSLER SPIRIT 28.2
CHRYSLER ACCLAIM 28.0
GM CUTLASS CIERA 27.4
VOLVO 850 27.1
GM CENTURY 27.1
CHRYSLER DYNASTY 27.0
FORD TAURUS 26.9
FORD SABLE 26.5
GM REGAL 26.3
VW/AUDI PASSAT 26.1
CHRYSLER NEW YORKER 25.9
GM RIVIERA 25.6
GM LUMINA 25.6
TOYOTA CAMRY 25.5
NISSAN MAXIMA 25.3
FORD COUGAR 25.3
GM CUTLASS SUPREME 25.2
HYUNDAI SONATA 25.0
GM GRAND PRIX 25.0
FORD THUNDERBIRD 24.6
VU/AUDI 100 24.4
MAZDA 929 24.4
VOLVO 940 24.2
VOLVO 940 GLE 16-VALVE 23.9
FORD MARK VIII 23.5
TOYOTA LS400 23.1
GM SEVILLE 22.5
GM ELDORADO 22.5
NISSAN 045 22.4
BMW 740i 21.0
BMW 740iL 20.3
NISSAN Q45 FULL-ACTIVE 19.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 500SEC 17.3
BMW 750iL 16.8
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY TURBO 14.6
ROLLS-ROYCE BENTLEY/SILVER ST. 13.9
55/45
MPG
CHRYSLER INTREPIDXCONCORDE ... 26.4
CHRYSLER VISION 26.1
GM EIGHT-EIGHTUESABRE 26.0
GM BONNEVILLE 25.6
CHRYSLER FIFTH AVENUE/IMPERIAL 25.5
GM NINETY-EIGHT 25.4
GM PARK AVENUE 25.2
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SD 24.8
VOLVO 960 24.4
FORD GRAND MARQUIS 24.4
FORD TOWN CAR 24.4
FORD LTD CROWN VICTORIA 24.4
SAAB 9000 23.9
FORD CONTINENTAL 23.8
GM ROADMASTER 22.4
GM FLEETUOOD 22.4
FORD CROWN VICTORIA 22.3
GM CAPRICE 22.3
GM DEVILLE 22.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 300SE 19.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 400SEL 18.6
MERCEDES-BENZ 500SEL 17.3
MERCEDES-BENZ 600SEL/SEC 15.4
-------
C-3
Appendix C (Continued) - Nameplate Average MPG, by Vehicle Size Class
SHALL WAGONS 55/45
***************************** HpQ
MIDSIZE WAGONS 55/45
*****************************
LARGE WAGONS 55/45
***************************** MPQ
TOYOTA COROLLA ............... 34.3
FORD ESCORT .................. 34.1
FORD TRACER .................. 34.0
GM SW ........................ 33.8
SUBARU IMPREZA ............... 31.4
SUBARU LOYALE ................ 30.5
SUBARU IMPREZA AUD ............ 29.7
SUBARU LOYALE 4WD ............ 29.1
GM CAVALIER .................. 28.9
SUBARU LEGACY ................ 28.8
HONDA ACCORD ................. 27.5
SUBARU LEGACY AW ............. 27.0
BMW 525i Touring 24.2
VW/AUDI 100 QUATTRO 22.7
GM CENTURY 27.0
FORD TAURUS 26.8
VW/AUDI PASSAT 26.4
GM CUTLASS CRUISER 26.4
FORD SABLE 26.3
VOLVO 240 25.8
TOYOTA CAMRY 25.5
MITSUBISHI DIAMANTE 24.6
VOLVO 960 24.4
MERCEDES-BENZ 300TE 24.3
VOLVO 940 24.2
VOLVO 940 GLE 16-VALVE 23.9
MERCEDES-BENZ 300TE-4MATIC ... 21.4
GM CAPRICE ...
GM ROADMASTER
22.5
22.4
-------
C-4
Appendix C (Continued) - 1993 Nameplate Average MPG by Vehicle Size Class
SMALL PICKUPS 55/45
*****************************
SMALL VANS 55/45
*****************************
SMALL UTILITY 55/45
*****************************
NISSAN TRUCK 2WD 27.6
ISUZU PICKUP 2UD 26.5
GM SONOMA PICKUP 2 25.4
GM S10 PICKUP 2UD 25.3
CHRYSLER RAM 50 2UD 24.7
MITSUBISHI TRUCK 2WD 24.7
MITSUBISHI EXPO.LRV 27.9
CHRYSLER COLT VISTA/SUMMIT ... 27.1
MITSUBISHI EXPO 26.2
CHRYSLER CARAVAN C/V 2UD 24.7
CHRYSLER VOYAGER 2UD 24.2
CHRYSLER CARAVAN 2WD 24.1
CHRYSLER TOWN & COUNTRY 23.4
GM APV/TRANS SPORT 23.1
FORD AEROSTAR VAN 22.9
GM SILHOUETTE 2WO 22.9
NISSAN QUEST 22.8
FORD VILLAGER FWD 22.8
GM COACHBUILDER UA 22.4
TOYOTA PREVIA 22.3
FORD AEROSTAR 22.1
CHRYSLER CARAVAN/VOYAGER 4WD . 22.1
CHRYSLER TOWN & COUNTRY 22.0
GM ASTRO/SAFARI 2WD (CARGO) .. 21.8
TOYOTA PREVIA ALL-TRAC 21.8
MAZDA MPV 21.7
FORD AEROSTAR VAN AL 21.4
VOLKSWAGEN EUROVAN 21.3
GM COMMERCIAL CHASSIS 20.9 GM ASTRO/SAFARI 2WD (PASS)
20.9
GRUMMAN-OLSON POSTAL CAB CHAS 19.3
GM ASTRO/SAFARI AWD (CARGO) .. 20.7
FORD AEROSTAR 20.0
GM ASTRO/SAFARI AWD (PASS) 19.8
MAZDA MPV 4X4 19.1
SUZUKI. SAMURAI SOFT-TOP ...... 33.5
SUZUKI SAMURAI 2WD ........... 33.4
SUZUKI SIDEKICK 2WD .......... 29.6
GM TRACKER CONVERTIBLE ....... 29.2
SUZUKI SIDEKICK SOFT-TOP ..... 29.1
SUZUKI SIDEKICK HARDTO ....... 28.4
GM TRACKER VAN 4WD .......... 28.3
GM JIMMY/ S10 BLAZER 2WD 22.7
ISUZU AMIGO 4UD 22.4
ISUZU AM I GO 2WD 21.9.
MAZDA NAVAJO 21.8
FORD EXPLORER 2WD 21.7
ISUZU RODEO 2WD 21.6
TOYOTA 4-RUNNER 2WD 21.3
CHRYSLER WRANGLER 4WD 21.0
CHRYSLER CHEROKEE 2WD 20.9
GM JIMMY 4WD 20.8
ISUZU RODEO 4WD 20.8
GM S10 BLAZER 4WD 20.8
GM BRAVADA AWD 20.7
MAZDA NAVAJO 4X4 20.7
NISSAN PATHFINDER 2WD 20.7
FORD EXPLORER 4WD 20.4
CHRYSLER CHEROKEE 4WD 20.0
ISUZU TROOPER 19.3
MITSUBISHI MONTERO 19.2
NISSAN PATHFINDER 4WD 18.9
PAS-TYPHOON 18.5
TOYOTA 4-RUNNER 4WD 17.7
-------
C-5
Appendix C (Continued) - 1993 Nameplate Average HPG, by Vehicle Size Class
LARGE PICKUPS 55/45
***************************** HPG
TOYOTA TRUCK 2WD/ T100 27.7
MAZDA B2200/B2600I 26.4
FORD RANGER PICKUP 2UD 25.2
TOYOTA TRUCK 2WD 23.4
CHRYSLER POWER RAM 50 4WD 23.1
FORD RANGER PICKUP 4WD 22.4
MITSUBISHI TRUCK 4WD 22.2
MAZDA B2600I 4X4 22.2
NISSAN TRUCK 4WD 22.1
GM S10 PICKUP 4WD 21.2
CHRYSLER COMANCHE PICKUP 21.1
GM SONOMA PICKUP 4WD 21.1
TOYOTA TRUCK 4UD /T100 21.0
ISUZU PICKUP 4WD 20.6
CHRYSLER DAKOTA PICKUP 2WD ... 20.1
GM C1500 SIERRA 2UD 19.2
FORD F150 PICKUP 2WD 19.1
GM C1500 PICKUP 2WD 19.1
GM C2500 PICKUP 2WD 18.5
GM C2500 SIERRA 2UD 18.5
FORD F250 PICKUP 2WD 17.9
FORD F150 PICKUP 4WD 17.8
CHRYSLER DAKOTA PICKUP 4WD ... 17.8
GM K1500 PICKUP 4UD 17.3
GM K1500 SIERRA 4WD 17.2
CHRYSLER D100/D150 PICKUP 17.0
GM K2500 SIERRA 4UD 16.9
GM K2500 PICKUP 4UD 16.9
CHRYSLER D250 PICKUP 2UD 16.7
CHRYSLER W100/U150 PICKUP 16.3
CHRYSLER DAKOTA CAB CHASSIS .. 15.8
CHRYSLER W250 PICKUP 4WD 15.6
CHRYSLER D250 CAB CHASSIS 15.1
TOYOTA CAB/CHASSIS 2WD 13.2
LARGE VANS 55/45
*****************************
GM G10/20 VAN 2UD .
GM G15/25 VANDURA .
GM G30 VAN 2UD
GM G35 VANDURA 2WD
FORD E150 ECONOLINE
GM G10/20 SPORTVAN .
GM G15/25 RALLY 2WD
CHRYSLER B150/B250 VAN 2UD
GM G30 SPORTVAN 2UD
GM G35 RALLY 2WD
FORD E150 CLUB WAGON .
CHRYSLER B350 VAN 2UD
18.9
18.8
18.6
18.6
17.5
17.3
17.3
17.0
17.0
17.0
16.8
16.6
CHRYSLER B150/B250 16.4
FORD E250 ECONOLINE 15.6
CHRYSLER B350 2WD 15.1
LARGE UTILITY
*****************************
55/45
MPG
CHRYSLER GRAND CHEROKEE 19.3
GM C1500 SUBURBAN 17.0
CHRYSLER RAMCHARGER 2WD 16.6
GM K1500 BLAZER 4WD 16.5
GM K1500 YUKON 4WD 16.5
FORD BRONCO 4WD 16.4
GM K1500 SUBURBAN 15.6
CHRYSLER RAMCHARGER 4WD 15.6
TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 15.5
RANGE ROVER 15.3
ROVER DEFENDER 110 12.6
-------
D-l
Fuel Metering and Number of Valves/Cylinder
1975 to 1993 Passenger Cars
Sales Fraction
100%
75%-
50%-
25%-
75 77 79
81 83 85 87
Model Year
Figure D1
89 91 93
HP/CID by Fuel Metering and Valves/Cylinder
1975 to 1993 Passenger Cars
HP/CID
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
2 Valve - Port
2 valve
-m^-+-r+>
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure D2
-------
D-2
Sales Fraction by Fuel Metering
Passenger Cars
Sales Fraction
100%
75% -
50%-
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
25% -
Figure D3
Front Wheel Drive Usage
Passenger Cars
Percent FWD
100
80
60
75 77 79 81
83 85 87
Model Year
Figure D4
89 91 93
-------
D-3
TABLE D-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1986 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS BY VALVES/CYLINDER
MODEL SALES
YEAR (OOP) FRAC
Two Valves
1986 10490 .952
1987 9155 .853
1988 8601 .801
1989 7575 .756
1990 5936 .672
1991 5609 .657
1992 4921 .630
1993 5749 .632
Three Valves
1986 349 .032
1987 975 .091
1988 1017 .095
1989 1161 .116
1990 639 .072
1991 526 .062
1992 364 .047
1993 210 .023
Four Valves
1986 176 .016
1987 601 .056
1988 1117 .104
1989 1282 .128
1990 2260 .256
1991 2405 .282
1992 2527 .323
1993 3139 .345
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
23.6
23.2
23.6
23.0
22.4
22.5
22.4
22.8
27.9
30.2
28.2
26.8
27.0
27.7
27.4
30.8
23.9
25.9
26.7
26.2
25.3
25.6
24.5
24.3
HUY 55/45
35.4
35.3
36.1
35.8
35.5
35.8
35.9
36.4
39.8
41.4
39.4
38.5
39.0
39.4
39.3
42.2
34.7
37.2
38.2
37.7
36.3
36.8
36.5
36.6
27.8
27.4
27.9
27.4
26.8
27.0
26.9
27.5
32.2
34.4
32.4
31.0
31.4
32.0
31.7
35.0
27.8
30.0
30.9
30.4
29.3
29.6
28.7
28.6
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
3053 108.0
3085 108.5
3109 109.2
3180 110.5
3295 111.3
3270 111.2
3316 112.0
3294 111.8
2668 96.7
2524 93.4
2689 99.4
2788 100.3
2738 98.5
2692 100.7
2707 100.2
2440 96.1
3032 89.0
3025 98.4
2889 97. 1
2901 97.9
2996 98.6
2983 97.8
3117 100.9
3175 101.5
ENGINE
CID HP
170 111
171 115
171 118
177 123
183 129
184 135
190 139
187 139
115 102
101 82
109 93
117 105
117 106
111 102
112 103
92 90
125 144
123 126
120 119
120 124
125 132
125 133
132 144
140 148
0-60
TIME
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.4
12.0
11.9
11.8
12.3
14.4
13.6
12.5
12.3
12.5
12.4
12.6
10.6
11.8
12.0
11.5
11.3
11.2
10.9
10.9
TOP
SPEED
110.9
112.3
113.3
114.6
116.0
117.9
119.0
119.4
112.0
104.5
107.7
111.8
112.8
111.5
111.9
109.4
124.5 1
117.6 1
116.0
HP/
CID
.687
.706
.719
.723
.731
.749
.751
.761
.888
.799
.850
.902
.911
.928
.924
.983
.150
.026
.983
118.1 1.027
120.3 1
120.8 1
123.3 1
124.0 1
.060
.071
.092
.066
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
.0357 42.6
.0367 42.5
.0375 43.6
.0382 43.7
.0390 44.3
.0406 44.3
.0413 44.8
.0417 45.3
.0382 43.1
.0322 43.6
.0343 43.7
.0375 43.5
.0385 43.2
.0377 43.2
.0379 43.1
.0369 43.1
.0470 42.5
.0413 45.8
.0405 44.9
.0422 44.3
.0437 44.0
.0441 44.4
.0456 45.0
.0459 45.7
CU-FT
-MPG
3064
3034
3111
3077
3028
3055
3067
3111
3117
3223
3247
3156
3139
3254
3208
3415
2487
3021
3063
3029
2927
2952
2952
2961
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4612
4625
4776
4843
4947
4945
5033
5082
4180
4069
4347
4366
4259
4353
4318
4146
3754
4518
4367
4340
4349
4354
4550
4638
Percentage Basis Comparison:
MODEL DRIVETRAIN
YEAR FRONT 4UD
Two Valves
1986 70.4 1.1
1987 74.2 1.2
1988 78.4 .8
1989 79.8 .7
1990 82.4 .4
1991 81.6 .3
1992 81.2 .3
1993 80.8 .5
Three Valves
1986 100.0
1987 99.4 .6
1988 95.9 1.3
1989 92.2 .1
1990 89.0 .8
1991 98.2 1.2
1992 100.0
1993 100.0
Four Valves
1986 56.6
1987 84.6
1988 94.2 .8
1989 90.0 3.1
1990 88.0 2.5
1991 84.1 3.9
1992 80.6 1.5
1993 81.6 .8
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
22.8
20.7
19.4
15.2
11.0
11.4
12.1
12.2
60.5
53.7
49.8
44.5
49.1
41.9
43.2
58.9
72.2
43.4
38.1
33.8
33.7
36.8
32.1
29.7
LOCK
59.2
61.2
68.7
72.4
78.6
80.7
78.9
79.8
39.5
46.3
50.1
54.5
46.5
51.0
49.8
31.4
23.1
54.8
60.9
64.7
65.7
62.0
66.2
67.6
FUEL
FI
65.1
77.4
90.0
94.4
99.4
99.8
99.9
99.9
48.4
18.9
27.7
70.0
86.1
99.5
99.9
100.0
100.0
93.2
86.5
84.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
29.9 35.3
35.8 41.7
35.2 54.8
31.0 63.4
25.4 74.0
25.8 74.0
14.8 85.1
12.3 87.7
48.4
18.9
27.7
21.2 48.9
25.7 60.4
13.7 85.8
99.9
100.0
100.0
93.2
17.4 69.1
15.6 68.5
9.6 90.4
14.3 85.7
.2 99.8
100.0
VEHICLE SIZE
CARB DSL
34.6
22.3
10.0
5.6
.6
51.6
81.1
72.3
30.0
13.9
.5
.1
6.8
13.5
15.9
.3
.3
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
SMALL MID
57.5 29.3
57.4 28.5
57.9 26.3
46.9 35.4
41.9 38.8
45.6 35.9
46.1 32.0
47.6 28.2
100.0
100.0
86.5 13.5
89.1 10.9
84.1 15.9
80.3 19.7
80.1 19.9
100.0
94.8
97.7
98.7 .1
97.4 1.8
94.4 5.4
94.8 4.9
80.4 18.5
75.2 22.9
LARGE
13.1
14.1
15.9
17.7
19.3
18.5
21.8
24.2
5.2
2.3
1.2
.8
.3
.4
1.1
1.9
DESIGNED
DOM EUR
71.7 6.5
72.2 7.4
75.0 6.9
79.6 6.3
82.8 6.0
84.9 5.0
85.8 4.2
86.3 3.3
27.9
11.3
10.7 7.5
13.7 5.9
5.2 3.6
2.2 4.3
9.7 5.0
9.9 6.4
ASIAN
21.8
20.4
18.1
14.2
11.2
10.1
10.0
10.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
72.1
88.7
81.7
80.4
91.2
93.5
85.2
83.7
-------
E--1
Appendix E "Best in Weight Class Analysis" 1993 Role Model Cars
Weight Make
Model
Int. Engine TOP
Size Class Volume CID HP Tran MPG SPD
1750 GEO METRO XFi
(No Other 1750 pounders)
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
GEO
GEO
GEO
GEO
SUZUKI
SUZUKI
FORD
GEO
GEO
GEO
SUBARU
GEO
HONDA
HONDA
HONDA
HONDA
SUZUKI
SUZUKI
CHRYSLER
SUBARU
SUBARU
TOYOTA
FORD
SUBARU
HONDA
HONDA
CHRYSLER
GEO
HONDA
FORD
HONDA
FORD
ISUZU
NISSAN
NISSAN
HONDA
SPRINT
METRO LSi
METRO
METRO LSi CONV.
SWIFT
SWIFT
FESTIVA
SPRINT
METRO LSi
METRO
JUSTY
METRO LSi CONV.
CIVIC HB VX
CIVIC HB VX
CIVIC
CIVIC
SWIFT
SWIFT
COLT/SUMMIT
JUSTY
JUSTY
TERCEL
FESTIVA
JUSTY AWD
CIVIC
CIVIC DEL SOL
COLT/SUMMIT
LEMANS
CIVIC
ESCORT FS
CIVIC DEL SOL
ESCORT
STYLUS
NX
SENTRA
CIVIC
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
TWO-SEATER
COMPACT
COMPACT
MINICOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
89.1 61 49 M5
65.3 96
92.
92.
92.
50.
92.
92.
98.
92.
92.
92.
88.
50.
90.
90.
93.
93.
92.
92.
98.
88.
88.
95.
98.
88.
93.
50.
97.
106.
93.
108.
50.
106.
101.
72.
96.
93.
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
6
0
5
5
5
5
0
0
8
6
6
0
4
4
9
0
7
5
9
4
0
8
4
1
6
9
61
61
61
61
79
79
81
61
61
61
73
61
91
91
91
91
79
79
90
73
73
89
81
73
91
91
90
98
91
116
91
116
97
98
98
97
55
55
55
55
70
70
63
55
55
55
73
55
91
91
70
70
70
70
92
73
73
82
63
73
101
102
92
74
101
88
102
88
90
110
110
123
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
A3
A3
A3
M5
A3
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
AV
M4
A3
AV
M5
M5
M5
M5
L4
M5
L4
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
56
56
55
50
48
47
44
44
44
44
41
40
59
54
51
49
46
46
42
40
40
39
37
37
43
42
40
40
40
39
39
38
38
38
37
37
.1
.0
.8
.8
.1
.9
.7
.1
.1
.0
.4
.7
.4
.8
.5
.6
.9
.9
.8
.6
.3
.4
.7
.2
.3
.2
.8
.6
.0
.8
.3
.7
.2
.0
.8
.7
97
97
97
97
105
105
101
97
97
97
107
97
112
112
102
102
102
102
113
103
103
108
99
103
114
114
110
101
114
108
114
108
109
118
118
124
-------
E-2
Appendix E (Cont.) "Best in Weight Class Analysis" 1993 Role Model Cars
Weight Make
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
HONDA
HONDA
FORD
FORD
NISSAN
HONDA
MAZDA
HONDA
NISSAN
NISSAN
TOYOTA
GEO
MAZDA
CHRYSLER
FORD
GM
TOYOTA
CHRYSLER
HONDA
GM
HONDA
NISSAN
FORD
CHRYSLER
MERCEDES
HONDA
FORD
SUBARU
TOYOTA
VOLVO
FORD
FORD
NISSAN
VOLVO
FORD
GM
Model
CIVIC
CIVIC DEL SOL
TRACER/ESCORT
TRACER/ESCORT
SENTRA
CIVIC
PROTEGE
CIVIC DEL SOL
NX
NX
COROLLA
PRIZM
626
SHADOW
PROBE
CAVALIER etc.
CELICA
SUNDANCE etc.
INTEGRA
ACHIEVA/GRAND
ACCORD
INFINITI G20
TOPAZ
TALON
300D 2.5 TURBO
ACCORD WAGON
MUSTANG
LEGACY WAGON
CELICA CONV.
240 WAGON
TAURUS/SABLE
TAURUS/SABLE
STANZA ALTIMA
850
MUSTANG
LUMINA
Int. Engine TOP
Size Class Volume CID HP Tran MPG SPD
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
COMPACT
SMALL WAGON
SUBCOMPACT
SUBGOMPACT
COMPACT
TWO-SEATER
MINICOMPACT
MINICOMPACT
COMPACT
COMPACT
MIDSIZE
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
A COMPACT
COMPACT
COMPACT
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
) COMPACT
SMALL WAGON
SUBCOMPACT
SMALL WAGON
MINICOMPACT
MIDSIZE WAG
MIDSIZE
MIDSIZE WAG
COMPACT
MIDSIZE
SUBCOMPACT
MIDSIZE
93
50
103
124
96
93
105
50
72
72
102
101
111
101
98
94
86
101
95
103
105
103
102
89
107
125
90
128
77
132
118
138
106
111
90
113
.9
.0
.4
.4
.6
.9
.1
.0
.1
.1
.1
.0
.0
.8
.4
.8
.8
.8
.3
.6
.7
.6
.7
.2
.1
.9
.3
.6
.7
.8
.1
.1
.8
.4
.3
.2
91
91
116
116
98
97
112
97
98
98
97
108
122
135
121
134
97
152
112
139
132
122
140
107
152
132
140
135
132
141
182
182
146
149
140
134
101
102
88
88
110
123
103
125
110
110
102
115
118
93
118
110
102
100
140
120
125
140
98
92
121
125
105
130
130
114
140
140
150
168
105
110
L4
L4
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
L4
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
M5
A4
M5
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
L4
L4
M5
L4
L3
38
37
37
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
32
32
31
31
31
31
34
29
29
28
28
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
.7
.8
.8
.8
.2
.0
.3
.1
.1
.9
.5
.4
.1
.1
.4
.2
.5
.2
.2
.1
.6
.5
.2
.0
.0
.1
.1
.5
.3
.2
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.7
111
111
105
105
115
120
112
121
115
115
111
117
115
105
115
112
109
108
124
116
118
124
107
105
111
113
106
115
115
109
118
118
122
128
106
107
-------
E-3
Appendix E (Continued) "Best in Weight Class Analysis" 1993 Role Model Cars
Weight Make
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
GM
FORD
CHRYSLER
MERCEDES
MITSUBISHI
MIT/CHR
MAZDA
VOLVO
VOLVO
CHRYSLER
FORD
FORD
FORD
GM
GM
GM
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
BMW
NISSAN
GM
MERCEDES
BMW
BMW
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
Model
Various
COUGAR
FIFTH AVENUE
300E 2.8
DIAMANTE WAGON
3000 GT/STEALTH
929
960 WAGON
960
VISION
LTD CROWN VIC.
GRAND MARQUIS
TOWN CAR
CAPRICE WAGON
Various
CAPRICE/Roadma.
300SL
300SL
500SL
740iL
Q45 FULL-ACTIVE
CAPRICE
600SL
850Ci/750iL
850Ci
300SD
300SE
400SEL
500SEC
500SEL
600SEL/SEC
(No Other 5000 pounders)
5500 MERCEDES 600SEL/SEC
5500 ROLLS-ROYCE Various
5500 ROLLS-ROYCE Various
(No Other 5500 pounders)
6000 ROLLS-ROYCE SILVER SPUR II
(No Other 6000 pounders)
Int. Engine TOP
Size Class Volume CID HP Tran MPG SPD
LARGE
MIDSIZE
LARGE
COMPACT
MIDSIZE WAG
SUBCOMPACT
MIDSIZE
MIDSIZE WAG
MIDSIZE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE WAGON
LARGE
LARGE WAGON
TWO-SEATER
TWO-SEATER
TWO-SEATER
MIDSIZE
MIDSIZE
LARGE
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
MIDSIZE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
COMPACT
MIDSIZE
LARGE
126
117
121
107
144
93
111
134
110
120
131
132
140
169
134
169
50
50
50
118
110
135
50
90
90
123
123
128
106
128
128
128
101
110
.6
.4
.1
.1
.9
.4
.0
.6
.3
.3
.9
.0
.3
.7
.6
.7
.0
.0
.0
.7
.0
.0
.0
.8
.8
.7
.7
.0
.8
.0
.0
.0
.5
.3
231
231
232
171
181
181
180
178
178
215
281
281
281
305
350
350
181
181
303
243
274
350
365
304
304
210
195
256
303
303
365
365
412
412
170
140
150
217
175
300
195
201
201
208
190
190
190
170
180
180
228
228
315
280
278
205
389
295
295
148
228
275
315
315
389
389
316
221
L4
L4
L4
A4
L4
M5
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
A5
M5
A4
L5
L4
L4
A4
L4
M6
A4
A5
A4
A4
A4
A4
A4
L4
L4
25.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
22.
22.
22.
21.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
17.
16.
16.
24.
19.
18.
17.
17.
15.
15.
14.
13.
6
6
2
8
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
4
4
3
9
4
3
4
0
0
8
2
8
4
6
3
3
6
3
6
9
124
114
117
139
125
166
132
134
134
136
130
130
130
119
122
122
137
137
163
153
152
130
186
157
157
109
132
145
157
157
178
171
151
126
139.3 412 221 L4
13.6 123
-------
E-4
Table E-l Results of "Best 12 In Class" Analysis
1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia Weight
Interior Volume
Percent of Sales
CID
Horsepower
Top Speed
0 to 60
As Is Remix #1 Remix #2
Scenario Scenario Scenario
30.4
3234
109
21%
156
130
117
12.0
32.8
3011
103
21%
134
118
115
12.2
35.1
2819
99
21%
118
109
113
12.3
Percent of Vehicles Equipped With:
Front Wheel Drive
Manual Transmission
Lockup Transmission
87%
47%
51%
94%
63%
35%
97%
73%
24%
Percent of Vehicles That Are:
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
54%
33%
14%
54%
1%
45%
71%
23%
6%
40%
1%
60%
83%
14%
3%
28%
0%
71%
-------
E-5
Table E-2 Results of "Best 5 In Class" Analysis
1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia Weight
Interior Volume
Percent of Sales
CID
Horsepower
Top Speed
0 to 60
As Is
Scenario
31.8
3234
109
7.6%
140
119
113
12.7
Remix #1
Scenario
34.4
3011
110
7.6%
123
110
111
12.8
Remix #2
Scenario
37.1
2819
102
7.6%
111
102
110
12.9
Percent of Vehicles Equipped With;
Front Wheel Drive
Manual Transmission
Lockup Transmission
82%
56%
37%
89%
67%
29%
94%
73%
25%
Percent of Vehicles That Are:
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
76%
13%
11%
35%
6%
59%
84%
11%
5%
28%
4%
67%
89%
8%
2%
23%
2%
75%
-------
E-6
Table E-3 Results of "Best Vehicle In Class" Analysis
1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia Weight
Interior Volume
Percent of Sales
CID
Horsepower
Top Speed
0 to 60
Percent of Vehicles
Front Wheel Drive
Manual Transmission
Lockup Transmission
Percent of Vehicles
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
As Is
Scenario
33.6
3234
104
1.8%
142
122
114
12.5
Equipped With
67%
37%
31%
That Are:
57%
42%
2%
17%
32%
52%
Remix #1
Scenario
36.1
3011
99
1.8%
124
114
113
12.4
•
78%
49%
29%
63%
37%
1%
8%
22%
71%
Remix #2
Scenario
38.7
2819
93
1.8%
110
107
112
12.4
87%
57%
30%
72%
28%
0%
4%
13%
84%
-------
F-l
TABLE F-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
1750 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
37 .003
81 .007
38 .004
55 .005
25 .003
4 .001
4 .000
5 .001
6 .001
OF 1750 LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY
51.9 66.1
50.8 63.7
51.3 65.4
47.0 58.7
54.1 67.4
59.1 74.8
59.2 74.7
59.2 74.7
59.2 74.7
CARS:
TRANSMISSION
55/45
57.4
55.9
56.8
51.6
59.4
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
FUEL
MANUAL LOCK FI
90.1
64.7
100.0
59.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
1750 82.6
1750 84.6
1750 84.4
1750 84.6
1750 90.9
1750 89.1
1750 89.1
1750 89.1
1750 89.1
METERING
TBI PORT
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
ENGINE
CID
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.2
HP
48
46
46
47
49
49
55
49
49
DSL
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
16.1 95.8
16.3 94.8
16.2 94.7
16.3 95.0
15.4 96.5
15.4 96.4
14.1 99.9
15.4 96.4
15.4 96.4
VEHICLE
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/
CID
.787
.759
.756
.766
.806
.803
.902
.803
.803
SIZE
MID LARGE
HP/
WT
.0274
.0264
.0264
.0267
.0281
.0280
.0314
.0280
.0280 -
TON
-MPG
50.4
49.8
50.1
46.0
52.0
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
CU-FT
-MPG
4756
4809
4828
4443
5400
5815
5815
5815
5815
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4161
4208
4224
3888
4725
5088
5089
5089
5089
DESIGNED
DOM
EUR
ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-2
TABLE F-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
2000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
105 .013
154 .016
157 .014
270 .024
234 .022
280 .030
209 .024
157 .020
94 .012
92 .009
62 .006
58 .005
106 .010
186 .017
135 .013
71 .008
142 .017
137 .018
144 .016
OF 2000 LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
100.0
92.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.7
85.1
91.9
98.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.9 6.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
27.3
28.4
31.3
30.9
28.2
29.0
34.3
35.9
38.7
39.4
39.5
31.7
35.7
39.5
39.8
42.6
42.3
42.7
42.7
CARS:
HWY 55/45
38.5
39.8
44.0
41.7
38.3
39.6
44.9
47.3
51.6
52.3
52.4
45.0
46.8
49.8
49.1
55.4
54.7
54.6
55.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
100.0
89.7
87.0
100.0
100.0
83.9
90.6
93.0
100.0
96.7
94.7
100.0
80.5
99.0
65.0
89.8
68.4
60.8
60.4
LOCK
2.5
3.1
5.3
31.4
32.6
36.0
34.9
32.0
33.0
38.4
40.3
43.6
44.3
44.4
36.6
40.0
43.6
43.5
47.5
47.1
47.4
47.6
FUEL
FI
8.1
1.3
11.9
6.3
14.0
57.2
97.4
98.3
99.7
100.0
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
2000
2000
2000 73.7
2000 80.3
2000 80.1
2000 85.7
2000 86.7
2000 87.3
2000 86.0
2000 73.5
2000 60.2
2000 72.3
2000 79.9
2000 91.0
2000 92.4
2000 92.7
2000 88.8
2000 89.2
2000 88.4
METERING
TBI PORT
8.1
1.3
11.9
6.3
14.0
19.3 37.9
46.9 50.5
69.2 29.1
77.7 22.1
79.6 20.4
ENGINE
CID HP
83 54
83 56
84 61
90 62
88 62
90 63
86 64
86 61
84 61
86 67
89 69
76 56
70 55
77 59
76 59
72 58
67 58
65 57
65 57
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
15.9 96.6
15.6 97.4
14.4 100.4
14.3 100.9
14.4 100.9
14.3 101.1
14.0 101.8
14.5 100.4
14.4 100.4
13.5 103.4
13.6 104.7
15.4 97.6
15.9 97.1
15.0 98.9
15.2 99.0
15.2 98.6
15.3 98.4
15.5 97.9
15.5 98.0
VEHICLE
CARS DSL SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.9
98.7
88.1
100.0
93.7
86.0
42.8
2.6
1.7
.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/
CID
.655
.670
.739
.695
.712
.696
.744
.715
.728
.776
.782
.750
.799
.770
.782
.813
.866
.876
.878
SIZE
MID LARGE
HP/
WT
.0272
.0279
.0307
.0312
.0312
.0314
.0321
.0308
.0308
.0335
.0348
.0281
.0276
.0293
.0294
.0290
.0288
.0284
.0285
TON CU-FT
-MPG -MPG
31.5
32.9
36.8 2709
35.3 2847
32.3 2594
33.4 2860
38.8 3362
40.7 3554
44.0 3783
45.0 3297
45.5 2757
38.9 2658
41.7 3256
44.4 4009
44.5 4056
48.0 4449
47.7 4243
48.0 4283
48.2 4264
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
2709
2847
2594
2860
3362
3554
3783
3297
2757
2658
3256
4009
4056
4449
4243
4283
4264
DESIGNED
DOM
EUR ASIAN
2.3 97.7
10.1 89.9
6.0 94.0
53.9 46.1
39.8 60.2
43.3 56.7
5.4 94.6
15.3 84.7
9.4 90.6
100.0
100.0
61.2 38.8
45.9 54.1
14.5 85.5
1.7 98.3
100.0
.5 99.5
100.0
100.0
-------
F-3
TABLE F-3 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
2250 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
375
570
851
886
699
1162
1191
884
985
899
840
745
461
401
280
97
129
124
132
FRAC
.046
.059
.075
.079
.065
.123
.136
.113
.123
.084
.078
.068
.043
.037
.028
.011
.015
.016
.015
FUEL
CITY
24.0
25.8
27.8
28.1
27.5
28.4
30.2
31.3
31.8
32.6
33.2
34.2
34.8
34.8
34.6
35.6
34.0
34.7
35.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
36.4
36.1
39.5
38.3
37.9
38.9
41.5
42.7
43.7
44.6
44.7
45.3
45.7
45.6
45.4
45.9
44.6
46.2
46.5
28.3
29.6
32.1
31.9
31.4
32.4
34.4
35.6
36.2
37.1
37.5
38.5
39.0
38.9
38.7
39.6
38.1
39.1
39.5
UGHT
LB
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
VOL
CU-FT
85.5
85.6
88.0
89.6
91.3
92.5
96.4
97.2
96.9
93.1
89.7
91.7
93.4
87.6
90.3
93.8
94.6
ENGINE
CID HP
89
91
90
89
88
92
96
94
94
94
94
93
90
90
89
86
88
88
88
66
66
68
67
65
67
68
66
67
68
70
68
69
73
78
77
81
80
80
0-60
TIME
15.3
15.3
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.0
14.8
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.8
14.6
13.9
13.3
13.5
12.9
13.1
13.0
TOP
SPEED
100.1
100.3
101.1
100.5
99.8
100.3
100.9
100.1
100.6
101.1
102.0
101.2
101.6
103.5
105.9
105.3
107.4
106.8
106.9
HP/
CID
.749
.736
.762
.758
.745
.722
.710
.703
.709
.721
.748
.737
.766
.808
.876
.891
.921
.908
.909
HP/
UT
.0294
.0296
.0303
.0298
.0291
.0296
.0302
.0294
.0298
.0303
.0312
.0304
.0308
.0325
.0347
.0341
.0360
.0355
.0356
TON
-MPG
32.1
33.6
36.8
36.8
35.9
37.1
39.3
40.5
41.2
42.3
42.7
43.8
44.2
44.2
44.0
45.1
43.7
45.3
45.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2799
2814
2813
2956
3187
3328
3528
3657
3678
3627
3534
3603
3655
3456
3444
3775
3815
3149
3166
3165
3325
3586
3744
3969
4114
4138
4080
3976
4053
4112
3888
3874
4247
4292
PERCENT OF 2250 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
46.1
37.5
43.0
41.6
44.8
57.9
69.8
79.8
93.2 1.6
91.1
97.1 .3
96.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
95.4 4.6
95.7 4.3
100.0
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
90.3
72.2
78.9
80.6
87.0
80.7
82.7
74.9
72.6
71.8
65.3
65.5
70.5
69.9
63.5
70.3
69.6
69.1
78.0
5.
6.
10.
13.
21.
20.
14.
18.
15.
3.
22.
17.
9.
0
8
2
5
6
1
1
0
0
6
3
5
5
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
20.1
23.3
10.2
14.0
13.2
37.5
33.1
59.6
99.1
99.8
100.0
12.1
16.5
8.6
6.3
3.4
28.1
28.0
20.3
18.8
2.1
1.4
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
8.0
6.8
1.6
7.7
9.9
9.4
5.1
39.4
80.3
97.7
98.6
CARS
77.4
94.3
83.7
79.2
79.0
75.7
84.3
89.6
78.5
74.1
89.7
85.9
86.8
62.5
66.9
40.4
.9
.2
DSL
1.9
4.1
5.5
9.3
9.2
4.7
1.4
2.6
.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100.0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DESIGNED
DOM EUR
32
15
13
11
20
33
27
29
.9
.7
.9
.3
.5
.3
.0
.4
36.9
20
10
7
.9
.0
.1
65
36
33
26
27
26
15
11
7
8
2
.0
.9
.6
.6
.5
.2
.7
.2
.5
.4
.9
.1
.1
ASIAN
35
30
50
59
61
53
51
61
63
54
79
90
92
97
99
100
99
100
100
.0
.2
.7
.5
.2
.3
.0
.9
.0
.7
.1
.0
.9
.1
.9
.0
.9
.0
.0
-------
F-4
TABLE F-4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
2500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
406
349
465
782
1078
1172
1531
1442
1240
1529
1699
1622
1975
1802
1335
942
748
550
660
OF 2500
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.049
.036
.041
.070
.100
.124
.175
.184
.155
.143
.157
.147
.184
.168
.133
.107
.088
.070
.073
CITY
20.9
22.4
25.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
25.8
27.1
28.1
28.4
28.5
29.4
29.3
30.1
30.1
30.9
31.4
31.4
31.4
HUY
30.5
33.1
35.8
33.5
33.1
33.3
35.3
38.1
39.1
40.0
40.4
40.9
40.5
40.9
41.5
42.1
43.1
44.7
45.3
WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPEED
24.
26.
29.
27.
27.
28.
29.
31.
32.
32.
32.
33.
33.
34.
34.
35.
35.
36.
36.
4 2500 95 73 15.2 100.9
2 2500 97 73 15.1 101.1
3 2500 90.3 98 75 14.9 101.7
9 2500 91.6 101 74 15.1 101.4
9 2500 90.6 101 72 15.4 100.3
0 2500 92.3 104 71 15.6 99.9
4 2500 94.8 108 76 14.8 102.4
2 2500 91.5 106 72 15.4 100.5
2 2500 94.8 106 75 15.0 101.9
7 2500 96.3 107 78 14.7 103.2
8 2500 98.3 109 82 14.2 105.2
7 2500 100.0 106 80 14.3 104.2
4 2500 98.9 104 78 14.6 103.1
1 2500 99.5 100 78 14.5 103.4
4 2500 98.0 98 85 13.6 106.3
1 2500 94.0 97 89 13.0 108.2
8 2500 94.2 96 91 12.8 109.2
3 2500 94.2 98 93 12.6 110.2
5 2500 93.6 100 94 12.5 110.3
HP/
CID
.77 it
.755
.764
.734
.710
.680
.711
.683
.705
.726
.760
.759
.749
.785
.865
.920
.957
.961
.949
HP/
UT
.0292
.0294
.0299
.0297
.0287
.0283
.0305
.0289
.0300
.0312
.0330
.0321
.0311
.0314
.0339
.0356
.0365
.0373
.0375
TON
-MPG
30.7
33.1
36.9
35.3
35.1
35.3
37.0
39.4
40.7
41.3
41.5
42.4
42.1
42.9
43.2
44.1
45.0
45.7
45.9
CU-FT
-MPG
2674
2582
2543
2607
2816
2898
3104
3194
3284
3399
3330
3418
3384
3330
3406
3458
3442
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
3343
3227
3178
3259
3520
3623
3879
3993
4106
4249
4162
4272
4231
4162
4258
4322
4303
LB. CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
36.0
18.3
20.7
34.3
43.7
47.9
53.6
69.3
68.9
75.4
77.1
94.3
97.7
99.7
97.8
94.4
94.7
95.5
87.1
4 WO
3.5
3.9
2.7
.6
13.1
2.4
9.2
.9
.8
.3
2.2
.1
.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
75.3
67.5
69.3
53.2
56.8
52.5
52.4
57.3
57.2
47.3
58.5
49.5
47.7
48.3
52.0
56.7
62.7
64.2
64.9
LOCK
.9
8.6
20.7
26.4
19.8
22.1
32.6
41.8
37.6
34.2
36.5
35.1
32.0
.FUEL METERING VEHICLE
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL SMALL
20.4 20.4 79.6 100.0
12.9 12.9 87.1 100.0
12.5 12.5 86.3 1.2 100.0
8.0 8.0 92.0 100.0
2.3 2.3 97.2 .6 100.0
3.8 3.8 93.5 2.8 100.0
4.1 4.1 93.4 2.5 96.3
4.6 4.6 92.4 3.0 99.3
3.2 .1 3.2 96.3 .4 98.6
13.5 1.6 11.9 84.4 2.2 99.9
19.9 4.2 15.7 78.4 1.7 100.0
22.2 5.3 16.9 76.8 1.0 100.0
33.2 19.5 13.6 66.8 100.0
63.4 51.5 11.9 36.6 100.0
72.0 47.3 24.7 28.0 100.0
95.5 51.0 44.5 4.5 100.0
100.0 35.9 64.1 100.0
100.0 16.5 83.5 100.0
100.0 12.2 87.8 100.0
SIZE
MID LARGE
3.7
.7
1.4
.1
DESIGNED
DOM
41.6
46.3
38.0
49.8
50.3
42.3
46.5
46.6
42.7
28.2
17.1
14.7
11.9
11.0
18.5
26.5
EUR
47.2
27.1
15.8
10.0
5.6
8.2
5.3
5.9
2.4
8.2
10.5
11.7
8.9
5.7
4.6
3.5
1.4
1.9
1.7
ASIAN
52.8
72.9
84.2
48.5
48.0
53.7
44.9
43.8
55.3
45.2
42.8
45.6
62.9
77.2
80.7
84.6
87.6
79.6
71.8
-------
F-5
TABLE F-5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
2750 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
281
203
349
498
459
973
714
961
863
2050
1878
1899
1896
1519
1204
1081
1462
1219
1335
OF 2750
FRAC
.034
.021
.031
.045
.043
.103
.082
.123
.108
.192
.174
.172
.177
.141
.120
.122
.171
.156
.147
FUEL ECONOMY UGHT VOL ENGINE
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP
18.5 27.7 21.7 2750 127 100
21.1 30.4 24.5 2750 121 95
21.3 30.9 24.8 2750 80.3 126 96
21.4 30.9 24.8 2750 88.6 129 94
20.5 30.3 24.0 2750 82.2 132 94
22.1 33.3 26.1 2750 96.0 141 93
24.0 34.2 27.7 2750 107.2 136 92
24.5 36.5 28.8 2750 104.3 124 87
26.2 37.0 30.2 2750 106.3 124 88
25.9 37.5 30.1 2750 102.7 127 89
26.4 37.9 30.6 2750 102.9 128 93
26.4 38.2 30.6 2750 102.0 125 95
26.5 38.4 30.8 2750 101.7 124 96
27.1 39.3 31.5 2750 102.1 123 97
27.3 39.7 31.8 2750 101.7 118 96
27.5 39.3 31.8 2750 98.7 111 100
27.8 40.7 32.4 2750 100.3 112 100
27.7 40.8 32.4 2750 98.4 110 106
28.2 41.2 32.8 2750 99.2 111 108
0-60
TIME
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
.8
.4
.3
.4
.6
.6
.8
.4
.2
.1
.6
.4
.3
.1
.3
.9
.9
.3
.2
TOP
SPEED
110.5
108.4
108.7
107.9
107.6
107.4
106.7
104.7
105.2
105.6
107.5
108.3
108.7
109.1
108.5
110.3
110.4
112.9
113.5
HP/
CID
.799
.794
.765
.740
.710
.665
.678
.707
.712
.705
.735
.769
.790
.804
.820
.919
.913
.978
.982
HP/
UT
.0365
.0348
.0350
.0344
.0341
.0339
.0333
.0316
.0320
.0324
.0340
.0347
.0350
.0354
.0349
.0364
.0364
.0386
.0391
TON
-MPG
30.4
34.1
34.5
34.5
33.3
36.3
38.3
39.6
41.8
41.7
42.2
42.4
42.6
43.5
43.8
43.8
44.8
44.8
45.4
CU-FT
-MPG
2026
2220
2017
2549
2972
3006
3235
3112
3163
3140
3142
3225
3240
3146
3272
3208
3272
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
2786
3052
2773
3505
4086
4133
4448
4279
4349
4318
4321
4435
4455
4326
4499
4411
4499
LB. CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.4
.9
2.0
.9
5.4
47.9
70.0
77.9
89.4
87.7
93.3
92.7
95.7
97.4
97.5
99.1
99.3
99.7
99.9
4WD
3.1
4.0
2.2
2.8
2.9
1.9
1.8
1.1
.9
.2
.3
.1
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
VEHICLE SIZE
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARS DSL
70.7 3.9 3.9 96.1
63.5 3.6 3.6 96.4
67.5 9.4 9.4 90.6
66.7 5.5 5.5 94.5
59.6 6.1 6.1 93.9
53.6 13.8 13.8 86.2
36.0 18.3 18.3 81.1
33.7 30.2 12.2 5.8 6.4 87.4
31.2 33.0 52.9 40.6 12.3 46.5
30.5 36.3 54.7 42.4 12.2 44.3 1
21.8 45.1 74.0 59.5 14.5 25.6
34.7 47.5 84.7 52.6 32.1 15.0
31.5 44.0 83.2 58.4 24.7 16.6
31.0 58.1 78.6 59.8 18.9 21.4
29.6 59.2 85.6 63.8 21.8 14.1
25.7 65.5 99.5 43.0 56.5 .4
28.1 68.0 99.7 36.1 63.5
28.2 68.1 99.9 1.4 98.5
29.6 66.4 100.0 1.4 98.6
.6
.4
.6
.0
.4
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
.1
SMALL MID
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.9 33.1
43.2 56.8
69.7 30.3
70.5 29.5
85.7 14.3
86.0 14.0
91.3 8.7
92.7 7.3
85.9 14.1
91.2 8.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM
9.2
15.3
21.2
27.7
60.1
69.0
69.8
73.8
76.3
80.6
72.9
59.6
61.0
60.7
64.3
40.4
46.3
40.9
38.0
EUR
17.4
27.3
26.8
13.9
16.1
6.8
7.5
6.5
7.2
2.3
3.2
1.6
1.6
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.3
4.3
1.5
ASIAN
73.3
57.4
52.0
58.4
23.7
24.2
22.7
19.8
16.6
17.1
23.9
38.8
37.4
32.9
29.5
53.7
48.4
54.8
60.5
-------
F-6
TABLE F-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
3000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991-
1992
1993'
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
828 .100
884 .091
584 .052
903 .081
1286 .119
2026 .215
1626 .186
1554 .199
1515 .189
1994 .187
2037 .189
2829 .257
2743 .256
3146 .293
3402 .340
2856 .323
2732 .320
2032 .260
2430 .267
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
18.4
20.1
20.2
19.7
19.1
20.3
21.1
21.9
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.4
23.8
24.2
24.1
24.3
23.9
24.2
24.5
HWY 55/45
26.8
29.7
28.6
27.3
27.4
29.4
30.0
32.6
32.8
33.6
34.5
34.9
35.4
36.1
36.2
36.2
35.8
36.4
37.1
21.4
23.5
23.2
22.5
22.1
23.6
24.4
25.7
25.8
26.4
27.1
27.5
27.9
28.4
28.4
28.6
28.1
28.5
28.9
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
3000
3000
3000 87.6
3000 97.3
3000 96.3
3000 100.9
3000 103.8
3000 104.2
3000 105.4
3000 104.9
3000 106.4
3000 106.6
3000 106.3
3000 105.3
3000 105.2
3000 103.9
3000 104.0
3000 102.7
3000 102.5
ENGINE
CID HP
147 98
147 95
146 104
164 102
162 100
164 100
165 101
163 103
161 104
157 107
153 110
151 108
147 111
145 114
146 118
142 121
146 125
145 125
145 124
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
14.4 107.2
14.6 105.8
13.7 109.4
13.9 108.4
13.9 107.8
13.8 107.9
13.9 108.0
13.6 109.0
13.4 109.6
13.3 110.6
13.0 111.7
13.2 110.9
12.9 112.3
12.6 113.4
12.3 114.9
12.0 116.4
11.8 117.7
11.7 118.0
11.8 117.6
HP/
CID
.674
.657
.715
.637
.634
.624
.619
.640
.658
.689
.727
.723
.767
.797
.815
.867
.867
.885
.871
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
.0329 32.6
.0317 35.7
.0347 35.3
.0339 34.2
.0333 33.5
.0334 35.6
.0335 36.8
.0343 39.0
.0349 39.1
.0357 40.0
.0366 41.0
.0359 41.5
.0371 42.3
.0380 43.0
.0393 42.8
.0405 43.0
.0416 42.4
.0418 42.9
.0415 43.6
CU-FT
-MPG
2078
2215
2152
2392
2544
2717
2749
2789
2906
2956
2997
3017
3001
2981
2937
2938
2981
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
3117
3322
3228
3589
3816
4076
4123
4183
4359
4433
4496
4526
4502
4471
4406
4407
4472
OF 3000 LB. CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
3.5
2.5
3.6
4.4
2.6
32.0
45.4
53.2
63.0
73.9 .2
77.9 .5
82.2 1.0
84.1 1.9
90.6 1.2
91.3 1.4
95.0 .7
93.4 1.5
94.4 .6
94.1 .9
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
48.6
50.4
51.3
35.2
39.7
30.9
21.6
17.0
17.2
16.3
14.4
15.1
15.7
17.2
16.4
20.8
18.2
23.8
22.8
LOCK
1.0
.7
65.1
62.7
58.2
53.5
56.4
63.5
66.8
71.5
68.8
72.6
62.6
65.8
FUEL
FI
17.1
9.8
22.4
18.0
14.1
7.5
11.9
45.5
49.2
57.2
72.2
84.8
99.1
100.0
97.4
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
17.1
9.8
22.4
18.0
14.1
7.5
11.9
26.9 18.6
26.5 22.7
29.6 27.6
34.7 37.5
49.0 35.7
49.5 49.6
30.1 69.9
24.0 73.4
25.0 74.9
24.1 75.9
13.5 86.5
12.5 87.5
VEHICLE SIZE
CARB
82.9
90.2
77.6
82.0
85.8
92.0
87.8
53.8
50.1
42.1
27.4
15.0
.9
2.6
.1
DSL SMALL MID
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.0 38.0
.1 71.5 28.5
.5 62.4 37.6
.4 55.3 44.7
.7 52.5 47.5
.7 44.2 55.8
.8 44.4 55.6
.4 39.8 60.2
.2 46.3 53.6
52.4 47.6
73.1 25.6
67.0 31.9
79.4 20.6
74.8 25.2
87.6 12.4
87.5 12.5
LARGE
.1
1.3
1.1
DESIGNED
DOM EUR
69,7 7.1
66.5 4.0
51.7 8.7
71.0 8.2
70.5 4.9
82,0 4.1
78.3 3.9
77.0 5.0
75.5 7.5
79.7 11.1
81.5 11.0
80.6 9.3
71.9 8.9
71.5 6.5
63.3 5.1
51.9 1.8
54.7 1.5
59.9 1.4
60.2 3.2
ASIAN
23.3
29.4
39.6
20.8
24.7
13.8
17.8
18.0
17.0
9.2
7.5
10.1
19.2
22.0
31.7
46.3
43.8
38.8
36.6
-------
F-7
TABLE F-7 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
3500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1029
933
724
2991
2684
2147
1829
1421
1669
2220
2461
2760
2520
2693
2688
2700
2134
2506
2865
OF 3500
FUEL ECONOMY UGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
FRAC
.125
.096
.064
.268
.249
.227
.209
.182
.209
.208
.228
.251
.235
.251
.268
.306
.250
.321
.315
CITY
15.9
17.2
17.9
17.6
17.8
18.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.7
20.3
20.3
20.9
20.7
21.0
20.9
21.0
21.5
HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
22.0 18.2 3500 227 102 15.6
23.1 19.4 3500 231 100 15.8
24.1 20.2 3500 102.4 232 104 15.3
24.6 20.2 3500 111.1 257 119 13.8
24.1 20.2 3500 112.3 252 120 13.7
25.3 20.7 3500 111.3 244 115 14.1
27.4 22.2 3500 113.3 234 113 14.3
27.9 22.4 3500 112.0 237 118 14.0
29.0 22.8 3500 111.8 238 122 13.6
29.2 22.9 3500 109.6 236 127 13.1
30.3 23.4 3500 111.9 228 133 12.7
32.4 24.4 3500 113.5 225 141 12.0
33.2 24.6 3500 114.0 217 147 11.6
34.4 25.4 3500 113.5 212 151 11.4
34.1 25.1 3500 114.2 207 151 11.4
34.5 25.5 3500 113.0 194 150 11.4
34.1 25.3 3500 111.2 195 156 11.1
34.3 25.5 3500 113.4 192 157 11.1
34.7 25.9 3500 113.0 192 158 11.0
TOP
SPEED
104.5
103.7
105.1
110.8
110.8
109.2
108.3
110.3
111.5
113.4
115.5
118.7
120.7
122.0
122.0
121.8
123.9
124.1
124.7
HP/
CID
.463
.447
.458
.468
.477
.477
.487
.505
.524
.556
.603
.654
.703
.732
.751
.795
.821
.840
.842
HP/
WT
.0292
.0286
.0297
.0342
.0342
.0329
.0322
.0338
.0348
.0363
.0379
.0404
.0421
.0431
.0431
.0429
.0446
.0447
.0452
TON
-MPG
32.4
34.3
35.9
35.5
35.4
36.5
39.1
39.6
40.2
40.4
41.0
42.9
43.1
44.6
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.7
45.5
CU-FT
-MPG
2104
2253
2273
2325
2534
2546
2577
2538
2629
2787
2818
2902
2887
2894
2837
2904
2944
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
3682
3943
3978
4068
4435
4455
4509
4442
4600
4878
4931
5078
5052
5064
4964
5082
5152
LB. CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.2
.5
.9
8.2
35.2
49.2
64.1
72.8
80.6
84.5
79.6
80.0
82.3
4UD
.4
.5
.6
.8
.2
.5
.4
.2
.2
1.9
2.7
1.0
.4
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL
19.3
17.2
16.2
4.7
4.0
3.1
3.4
6.9
8.7
7.7
8.3
8.6
8.8
7.9
6.9
6.3
7.3
7.3
5.6
LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
6.5 6.5 91.6 1.9
5.7 5.7 92.9 1.4
6.1 6.1 91.1 2.7
6.4 1.4 1.4 98.1 .5
16.9 1.3 1.3 97.9 .8
37.9 2.2 2.2 96.2 1.7
84.4 3.0 3.0 94.5 2.5
88.4 9.5 4.4 5.1 85.6 4.9
83.4 14.4 5.3 9.1 83.0 2.6
88.9 35.6 12.1 23.5 63.0 1.4
88.8 69.9 32.3 37.6 29.5 .7
88.5 80.1 20.7 59.4 19.9 .1
87.8 92.1 15.0 77.1 7.4 .4
89.7 99.7 11.4 88.2 .3
88.2 100.0 12.2 87.8
89.5 100.0 2.8 97.2
88.2 99.9 3.9 96.0 .1
89.4 99.9 3.1 96.8 .1
91.3 99.9 .1 99.9 .1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
97.7 2
98.1 1
97.1 2
34.2 65
23.4 76
18.4 81
13.7 86
27.8 72
35.0 65
39.5 60
35.1 45
33.2 41
36.6 34
30.5 44
22.8 51
23.6 59
30.6 58
25.2 62
23.0 59
.3
.9
.9
.8
.6
.4
.2
.2
.0
.5
.3
.3
.1
.5
.7
.0
.1
.0
.7
LARGE
.1
19.6
25.5
29.3
24.9
25.5
17.4
11.4
12.8
17.3
DESIGNED
DOM
91.4
92.1
90.6
98.0
97.7
96.2
94.5
91.2
90.1
90.0
86.1
87.1
80.3
84.4
83.0
76.8
72.1
66.0
68.9
EUR
8.6
7.9
9.4
2.0
2.3
3.8
5.2
6.0
4.7
4.4
4.3
5.0
6.2
5.2
5.8
7.9
8.1
6.8
6.4
ASIAN
.3
2.7
5.2
5.6
9.5
8.0
13.5
10.4
11.2
15.3
19.8
27.3
24.7
-------
F-8
TABLE F-8 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
4000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1089
1977
3323
2235
2643
1316
1312
1215
1445
1702
1671
918
912
829
860
1016
1114
1118
1384
FRAC
.132
.203
.294
.200
.245
.139
.150
.155
.181
.159
.155
.083
.085
.077
.086
.115
.130
.143
.152
FUEL
CITY
13.8
15.6
15.8
15.7
15.6
16.2
17.2
17.3
17.1
17.3
18.2
18.4
18.3
18.5
19.1
18.9
19.1
19.3
19.5
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
18.6
21.2
21.4
21.9
21.5
23.5
26.0
26.7
26.4
26.8
28.6
29.1
28.4
29.4
30.6
30.7
31.7
31.7
32.0
15.6
17.7
17.9
18.0
17.8
18.8
20.3
20.6
20.3
20.6
21.7
22.1
21.7
22.2
23.0
22.9
23.3
23.4
23.6
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
4000
4000
4000 113.5
4000 114.9
4000 119.6
4000 122.4
4000 123.2
4000 126.4
4000 126.7
4000 126.3
4000 125.3
4000 124.9
4000 122.2
4000 125.8
4000 125.1
4000 123.3
4000 124.9
4000 123.0
4000 122.1
ENGINE
CID HP
292
280
293
305
311
302
295
287
287
289
294
299
294
289
275
265
265
258
253
130
122
133
145
147
136
133
135
139
139
148
154
157
160
154
165
186
191
199
0-60
TIME
14.5
15.4
14.2
13.1
13.0
13.9
14.0
13.8
13.4
13.4
12.8
12.4
12.3
12.1
12.5
12.0
10.7
10.5
10.2
TOP
SPEED
110.4
107.8
111.4
115.3
115.9
112.3
111.6
112.2
113.4
113.3
116.4
118.2
119.3
120.3
118.5
121.9
129.0
130.5
133.1
HP/
CID
.443
.433
.453
.474
.472
.453
.458
.479
.490
.485
.508
.520
.551
.569
.576
.638
.718
.763
.811
HP/
WT
.0325
.0305
.0333
.0362
.0367
.0339
.0334
.0339
.0348
.0347
.0371
.0384
.0392
.0400
.0386
.0412
.0466
.0478
.0497
TON
-MPG
31.8
35.7
36.0
36.2
35.8
38.3
41.2
41.6
40.9
41.3
43.6
44.3
43.7
44.6
46.2
45.9
46.7
46.9
47.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON -MPG
2044
2092
2150
2349
2542
2626
2588
2603
2733
2774
2676
2819
2892
2829
2917
2886
2895
4087
4184
4300
4698
5085
5252
5176
5207
5467
5548
5352
5639
5783
5658
5833
5772
5790
PERCENT OF 4000 LB. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
5.3
10.9
11.1
11.1
12.5
12.8
13.0
.2
1.1
6.3
8.9
32.2
38.6
41.5
42.7
2.3
.9
1.3
1.3
1.1
.7
.4
.3
.1
.9
1.4
1.4
7.6
6.9
3.3
3.0
2.2
.9
.9
.1
.2
4.0
1.6
2.5
1.8
1.9
2.3
1.9
10.4
10.4
40.1
82.8
89.6
94.6
95.8
94.8
92.5
87.9
92.7
92.5
95.7
95.5
97.0
96.3
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.6
.4
.5
.9
2.8
7.4
11.5
20.5
39.9
43.2
45.2
52.7
54.1
77.2
98.0
99.9
99.6
100.0
100.0
4.9
10.3
18.7
38.0
41.1
41.4
4.4
3.2
2.2
13.6
7.4
12.9
6.0
4.9
.6
.4
.5
.9
2.8
2.5
1.2
1.8
2.0
2.1
3.8
48.3
50.9
75.0
84.4
92.5
86.8
94.0
95.1
CARB
99.4
99.0
99.1
98.4
94.8
83.0
75.3
70.0
55.7
53.9
52.7
46.8
44.7
22.8
2.0
DSL
.6
.4
.7
2.3
9.6
13.2
9.4
4.4
2.8
2.0
.5
1.2
.1
.4
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
94.4
82.6
51.9
40.8
24.1
15.7
12.2-
5.6
5.8
5.1
5.2
9.4
12.7
10.8
8.0
5.2
5.9
12.5
17.5
4.6
17.1
19.3
18.9
24.7
29.2
29.1
28.1
23.4
22.8
30.7
26.6
31.9
21.1
28.1
32.9
26.7
27.6
22.8
1.0
.3
28.9
40.4
51.2
55.1
58.8
66.3
70.8
72.1
64.2
64.0
55.3
68.1
63.9
61.9
67.3
59.9
59.7
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIAN
98.4
98.6
99.1
98.4
98.3
97.4
97.5
95.2
95.0
95.8
94.3
91.9
86.2
86.7
89.2
86.2
86.9
81.2
75.2
1.6
1.4
.9
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.5
4.8
5.0
4.2
5.7
7.1
9.6
10.9
8.7
6.0
5.6
3.8
4.8
1.0
4.3
2.4
2.1
7.9
7.5
14.9
20.0
-------
F-9
TABLE F-9 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
4500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1791
2223
3496
1997
1527
363
318
183
188
185
104
101
78
105
87
67
72
105
121
OF 4500
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.217
.229
.309
.179
.142
.038
.036
.023
.023
.017
.010
.009
.007
.010
.009
.008
.008
.013
.013
CITY
12.4
13.6
14.5
14.0
14.3
16.0
17.1
17.5
16.4
16.7
17.3
17.7
18.3
18.8
18.1
16.8
17.2
17.6
17.4
HWY 55/45
17.6
19.3
20.0
20.6
20.3
24.4
26.8
27.7
26.7
26.9
28.4
28.9
30.4
30.3
28.9
27.3
28.5
29.8
30.2
14.3
15.7
16.5
16.3
16.5
19.0
20.4
21.0
19.9
20.2
21.0
21.5
22.3
22.6
21.8
20.3
20.9
21.5
21.5
UGHT
LB
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
VOL
CU-FT
118.7
123.8
127.6
137.3
137.1
148.3
146.6
152.0
160.2
156.5
160.2
144.8
141.1
130.1
133.6
137.2
139.9
ENGINE
CID HP
347 158
346 157
346 157
356 161
353 157
350 137
343 127
323 127
311 143
308 148
306 150
308 150
306 140
305 144
306 151
322 178
312 201
332 195
341 194
0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
TIME SPEED CID UT -MPG
13.6 115.5 .455 .0351 32.5
13.5 115.3 .454 .0349 35.6
13.4 115.2 .454 .0349 37.4
13.1 116.6 .453 .0358 37.0
13.4 115.3 .445 .0349 37.4
15.1 109.3 .394 .0305 43.7
16.1 106.2 .374 .0282 47.3
16.1 106.2 .401 .0283 48.6
14.4 111.1 .463 .0318 45.2
14.0 112.6 .482 .0329 45.6
13.8 113.1 .490 .0333 47.3
14.0 113.1 .485 .0333 48.6
14.6 110.1 .458 .0311 50.1
14.4 111.5 .474 .0321 51.1
14.1 113.5 .494 .0336 49.3
12.6 121.8 .555 .0397 46.3
11.3 128.8 .648 .0448 47.6
11.4 126.7 .600 .0433 48.9
11.4 126.7 .582 .0432 48.6.
CU-FT
-MPG
1973
2038
2122
2661
2876
3153
2935
3074
3369
3398
3570
3296
3118
2729
2894
3017
3038
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4440
4586
4775
5988
6471
7095
6603
6917
7579
7646
8033
7416
7016
6140
6511
6789
6835
LB. CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.9
2.0
1.3
2.7
4.4
7.5
8.6
6.3
1.4
.6
.1
4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
.6
.1
.1
.7
.3
.3
LOCK
12.9
9.3
54.2
61.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.2
100.0
100.0
96.2
84.4
82.1
88.9
95.3
FUEL
FI
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4
29.7
8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
51.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
29.
30.
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4
7
8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
5 20.5
VEHICLE SIZE DESIGNED
CARB DSL SMALL MID LARGE DOM EUR
98.4
97.7
98.4
95.3 1
91.1 5
71.3 28
26.1 44
54.7 45
87.7 12
95.8 4
98.9 1
91.3
99.9
97.1
92.0
48.9
73.8 26.2
86.
90.
2 13-.8
6 9.4
27.6 69.7 2.7 98.9 1.1
28.0 69.8 2.2 99.4 .6
24.9 49.9 25.2 99.7 .3
.5 2.9 48.9 48.2 99.6 .4
.5 3.7 35.9 60.4 99.3 .7
.7 .1 7.6 92.3 99.9 .1
.2 8.6 91.4 100.0
.3 .2 6.3 93.5 100.0
.3 1.4 98.6 99.7 .3
.2 .6 99.4 100.0
.1 .1 .1 99.8 100.0
8.7 91.2 91.2 8.8
.1 21.6 78.3 99.9 .1
2.8 97.1 97.1 2.9
3.8 4.2 92.0 92.0 8.0
9.4 11.1 79.5 79.5 20.5
13.8 12.5 73.8 73.8 23.0
8.6 1.9 89.5 86.2 12.7
5.1 4.3 90.6 90.6 8.2
ASIAN
3.2
1.1
1.2
-------
F-10
TABLE F-10 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
5000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
198Z
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
SALES
FUEL ECONOMY UGHT VOL ENGINE
(000) FRAC
1505 .
1494 .
1051 .
477 .
182 .
2 .
2 .
2 .
1 .
2 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
15 '.
19 .
OF 5000
183
154
093
043
017
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
002
002
LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.3
3.3
4.9
4UD
CITY
11.1
12.8
12.1
12.4
12.3
11.0
10.3
9.7
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.3
10.1
10.7
10.8
9.3
14.7
15.9
CARS:
HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP
16.0 12.9 5000 388 166
17.8 14.6 5000 378 166
17.7 14.1 5000 129.7 387 175
18.6 14.6 5000 132.3 403 179
18.2 14.4 5000 126.5 396 169
15.2 12.5 5000 121.9 382 156
14.2 11.7 5000 122.2 387 156
13.6 11.2 5000 121.4 378 176
14.0 11.5 5000 126.4 373 157
13.6 11.2 5000 122.1 374 176
13.2 10.9 5000 113.5 394 187
13.1 10.7 5000 114.2 378 205
13.6 11.4 5000 113.0 410 191
15.1 12.3 5000 112.0 408 207
15.2 12.4 5000 112.9 410 206
13.9 10.9 5000 95.9 326 240
21.6 17.2 5000 125.9 280 296
23.5 18.6 5000 125.7 250 266
0-60
TIME
14.0
13.9
13.3
13.1
13.7
14.6
14.6
13.7
14.7
13.7
12.9
12.2
12.4
11.6
11.6
10.3
9.0
9.7
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL
LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB
100.0
100.0
.7 .7 99.3
14.1 .4 .4 98.7
.9 .9 90.0
6.7 6.7 93.3
100.0 57.4 42.6
14.2 85.8 41.5 44.2 14.2
6.5 93.5 74.2 19.3 6.5
15.8 84.2 46.8 37.4 15.8
16.3 83.7 83.7 16.3
30.6 '69.4 69.4 30.6
1.8 100.0 100.0
4.9 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
91.9 91.9
93.7 93.7
DSL
.9
9.1
8.1
6.3
TOP
SPEED
114.6
114.6
117.1
118.2
115.5
111.8
111.6
117.5
112.0
117.2
120.5
125.4
121.5
126.0
125.7
135.4
151.2 1
142.9 1
HP/
CID
.429
.440
.453
.445
.426
.409
.402
.482
.426
.485
.494
.574
.466
.509
.502
.736
.052
.071
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
33.5
28.7
15.2 25.8
18.5
39.4
31.2
6.6 36.0
58.5
2.4 23.4
1.4 51.7
2.3 97.7
1.6 98.4
1.8 98.2
4.9 95.1
2.0 98.0
100.0
3.1
LARGE
66.5
71.3
59.0
81.5
60.6
68.8
57.4
41.5
74.2
46.8
100.0
96.9
HP/
WT
.0333
.0333
.0351
.0358
.0339
.0312
.0311
.0353
.0314
.0351
.0375
.0409
.0382
.0413
.0411
.0480
.0592
.0533
TON
-MPG
32.6
36.7
35.5
36.7
36.7
31.5
29.4
28.0
28.9
28.1
27.2
26.8
28.6
30.9
31.0
27.3
43.5
47.0
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
1843
1947
1861
1549
1446
1362
1463
1375
1234
1223
1295
1384
1400
1048
2189
2360
4606
4869
4653
3873
3615
3406
3658
3439
3085
3058
3236
3461
3500
2620
5473
5900
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.8
57.4
41.5
74.2
46.8
EUR
31.2
42.6
58.5
25.8
53.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
ASIAN
-------
F--11
TABLE F-11 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
5500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
828 .100
934 .096
298 .026
134 .012
2 .000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1 .000
1 .000
1 .000
2 .000
OF 5500 LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
8.2
7.4
15.9
33.7
FUEL ECONOMY UGHT
CITY
10.5
11.6
10.7
10.8
9.8
9.6
9.2
8.9
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.5
10.6
10.8
11.3
11.4
11.8
12.2
CARS:
HUY 55/45 LB
15.1
16.2
16.1
16.6
12.9
12.6
12.6
12.2
13.7
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.2
14.8
15.4
16.2
16.3
18.8
19.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
LOCK
100.0
51.2
12.2 5500
13.3 5500
12.6 5500
12.8 5500
11.0 5500
10.7 5500
10.5 5500
10.1 5500
10.9 5500
11.0 5500
11.0 5500
11.0 5500
10.9 5500
12.2 5500
12.5 5500
13.1 5500
13.2 5500
14.1 5500
14.7 5500
VOL ENGINE
CU-FT CID
458
460
131.8 447
130.7 445
112.7 417
100.7 412
98.8 412
92.5 412
92.3 412
92.6 412
92.5 412
92.4 412
92.0 412
91.3 412
103.8 412
107.2 412
107.5 412
106.6 412
117.6 389
HP
208
203
194
191
174
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
187
205
259
250
237
257
318
FUEL METERING
FI TBI
2.9
3.1
30.0
5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
PORT CARB DSL
100
2.9 97
3.1 96
30.0 70
100
5.0 95
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.0
.1
.9
.0
.0
.0
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
12.6 122.7
12.7 121.5
13.2 119.0
13.3 118.3
14.4 113.7
14.7 112.6
14.7 112.6
14.7 112.6
14.7 112.6
14.7 112.6
14.7 112.6
14.7 112.6
13.7 117.1
12.6 121.9
10.7 136.3
11.0 133.8
11.4 130.5
10.7 135.6
9.3 151.8
HP/
CID
.454
.443
.435
.429
.417
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.454
.498
.630
.607
.577
.623
.831
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
5.2 11.3
5.8 12.1
.4 32.7
.7 33.7
58.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.2 52.8
18.0 82.0
16.5 83.5
19.5 80.5
7.2 44.1
LARGE
83.4
82.1
66.9
65.6
41.2
48.8
HP/ TON
UT -MPG
.0378 33.6
.0370 36.6
.0353 34.8
.0348 35.3
.0317 30.4
.0309 29.6
.0309 28.9
.0309 27.9
.0309 30.1
.0309 30.1
.0309 30.2
.0309 30.1
.0340 30.1
.0373 33.4
.0472 34.4
.0455 36.0
.0432 36.2
.0467 38.9
.0578 40.4
DESIGNED
DOM EUR
99.9 .1
99.9 .1
99.6 .4
99.3 .7
41.2 58.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
1664
1682
1247
1084
1043
937
1010
1015
1015
1012
1007
1109
1300
1405
1414
1509
1732
ASIAN
4577
4625
3430
2982
2869
2577
2778
2792
2792
2784
2771
3050
3576
3863
3890
4151
4763
-------
F-12
TABLE F-12 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
6000 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
OF 6000 LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
8.9
8.9
9.3
10.5
11.3
CARS:
HUY 55/45
12.2
12.2
12.3
H.O
18.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
LOCK
100.0
10.1
10.1
10.4
11.8
13.6
FUEL
FI
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
6000 157.5
6000 157.5
6000 157.5
6000 157.5
6000 139.3
METERING
TBI PORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
ENGINE 0-60
CID HP TIME
412 170 15.7
412 170 15.7
412 173 15.5
412 205 13.5
412 221 12.7
CARB DSL
TOP
SPEED
110.0
110.0
110.8
118.8
122.8
VEHICLE
SMALL
HP/
CID
.413
.413
.420
.498
.536
SIZE
MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100.0
HP/ TON
UT -MPG
.0283 30.4
.0283 30.4
.0288 31.3
.0341 35.5
.0368 40.7
DESIGNED
DOM EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
1595
1595
1645
1863
1890
ASIAN
4786
4786
4935
5590
5671
-------
F-13
TABLE F-13 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
2000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
SALES
(000) FRAC
1 .000
3 .002
1 .000
1 .001
1 .001
OF 2000 LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
23.2
22.5
22.5
23.7
23.7
TRUCKS:
HWY
29.5
29.4
29.4
27.3
27.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
LOCK
55/45
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
FUEL
FI
UGHT
LB
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
METERING
TBI PORT
ENGINE
CID HP
49 41
49 41
49 41
59 45
59 45
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
19.7 89.5
19.7 89.5
19.7 89.5
18.3 91.6
18.3 91.6
VEHICLE
DSL SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/
CID
.837
.837
.837
.763
.763
SIZE
HID LARGE
HP/
WT
.0205
.0205
.0205
.0225
.0225
TON
-MPG
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
DESIGNED
DOM
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-14
TABLE F-14 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
2250 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
SALES
(000)
25
24
13
4
7
6
37
63
83
5
OF 2250
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.000
.013
.013
.007
.002
.002
.002
.008
.015
.018
.001
CITY HWY 55/45
22.3 29.3
28.1 38.5
36.9 48.9
36.1 43.5
26.6 31.0
30.2 32.1
28.1 29.6
30.2 37.5
30.2 37.5
30.6 37.3
30.9 37.0
25.0
32.0
41.5
39.1
28.4
31.1
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4
WGHT
LB
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
ENGINE
CID HP
49 41
94 64
97 52
91 51
71 47
70 47
61 45
81 64
81 64
81 64
80 64
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
21.6 87.7
15.9 99.0
17.9 93.1
18.2 92.6
19.4 90.8
19.5 90.7
20.8 89.7
15.3 99.0
15.3 99.0
15.3 99.0
15.3 99.0
HP/
CID
.837
.677
.536
.570
.692
.697
.738
.790
.790
.790
.797
HP/
WT
.0182
.0284
.0231
.0226
.0210
.0209
.0200
.0284
.0284
.0284
.0284
TON
-MPG
28.1
38.1
46.7
45.8
33.9
35.6
32.4
37.2
37.2
37.4
37.5
LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
100.0
100.0
85.0
31.3
28.9
4UD
100.0
15.0
68.7
71.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.1
82.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL
FI
54.6
METERING
TBI PORT
VEHICLE
CARB DSL SMALL
100.0
45
100
15.0 85
68.7 31
71.1 28
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.4 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.3 100.0
.9 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SIZE
MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM
13.3
28.9
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.7
71.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-15
TABLE F-15 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
2500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
23 .007
39 .013
16 .009
27 .015
36 .019
33 .014
18 .005
4 .001
5 .001
1 .000
39 .009
34 .009
15 .004
12 .003
16 .003
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
23.5
24.1
22.1
24.9
24.8
25.4
24.2
26.2
26.4
26.3
28.8
29.2
28.7
28.0
27.4
HWY 55/45
33.7
33.5
32.3
34.2
32.0
32.8
31.4
35.2
36.0
35.5
34.9
35.9
35.1
34.3
33.7
27.2
27.5
25.8
28.4
27.6
28.2
27.0
29.6
30.0
29.8
31.3
31.9
31.2
30.5
29.9
WGHT
LB
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
ENGINE
CID HP
97 67
97 67
97 68
108 73
132 81
137 86
110 74
109 73
109 73
109 73
97 80
94 78
91 75
92 76
95 78
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
16.0 98.2
16.0 98.2
15.8 98.6
14.9 101.1
13.9 104.7
13.3 107.0
15.8 101.2
15.3 100.9
14.9 100.9
14.9 100.9
14.1 104.1
14.3 103.0
14.7 101.8
14.6 102.4
14.3 103.3
HP/
CID
.691
.691
.701
.683
.625
.636
.686
.670
.670
.670
.825
.827
.829
.828
.826
HP/
WT
.0268
.0268
.0272
.0294
.0326
.0346
.0295
.0292
.0292
.0292
.0320
.0310
.0300
.0305
.0313
TON
-MPG
34.2
34.5
32.3
35.5
34.9
36.4
34.2
37.0
37.5
37.2
39.2
39.8
39.1
38.3
37.5
OF 2500 LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
100.0
100.0
9.5 90.5
34.2 65.8
49.7 20.1
48.9 13.2
29.9 53.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.5
20.6
18.6
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
100.0
100.0
90.5
100.0
58.4
59.4
79.8
95.6
100.0
100.0
56.2
100.0
100.0
86.5
81.2
LOCK
2.7
3.3
4.4
43.8
13.5
18.8
FUEL
FI
9.5
34.2
9.4
2.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.5 87.5
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
90.5
65.8
90.6
97.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
VEHICLE
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SIZE
MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM
30.1
37.9
46.9
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.9
62.1
53.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-16
TABLE F-16 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
2750 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
204 .102
202 .078
270 .096
241 .074
250 .081
324 .174
222 .122
227 .119
340 .148
328 .098
246 .067
316 .073
244 .059
120 .026
76 .017
45 .012
28 .007
28 .006
28 .006
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
18.1
19.6
21.1
21.0
19.8
22.3
24.7
24.9
25.4
25.1
26.3
26.0
26.1
24.6
24.5
24.3
26.5
26.6
26.5
HWY 55/45
26.0
27.5
29.3
27.3
27.4
30.0
33.3
33.8
34.3
33.5
35.7
35.2
35.8
33.1
32.7
30.6
32.6
32.6
32.4
21.0
22.5
24.2
23.5
22.6
25.2
27.9
28.3
28.8
28.3
29.9
29.5
29.7
27.8
27.6
26.8
28.9
29.0
28.8
WGHT
LB
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
ENGINE
CID HP
155 101
150 98
146 98
157 98
126 90
126 91
130 90
130 91
132 87
130 87
130 90
132 92
133 93
136 98
135 97
129 95
97 80
97 80
97 81
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
12.9 110.7
13.0 109.6
13.0 109.4
12.9 109.5
13.7 106.2
13.6 106.6
13.8 106.2
13.7 106.5
14.2 104.6
14.2 104.9
14.1 106.1
13.6 106.8
13.5 107.3
12.9 109.3
12.9 109.2
13.3 108.2
15.2 101.7
15.1 101.9
15.1 102.0
HP/
CID
.713
.727
.732
.700
.720
.728
.695
.699
.658
.672
.693
.695
.695
.721
.721
.745
.825
.828
.832
HP/
UT
.0367
.0358
.0356
.0357
.0329
.0333
.0329
.0331
.0315
.0318
.0328
.0334
.0338
.0356
.0354
.0346
.0291
.0292
.0294
TON
-MPG
29.4
31.5
33.8
33.1
31.6
34.9
38.7
39.1
39.8
39.2
41.3
40.8
41.0
38.4
38.1
36.9
39.9
39.9
39.7
OF 2750 LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
23.2
20.2 ,
16.3
24.0
1.4
4.0 .1
6.5 .1
3.4
1.7
1.6
31.1
100.0
98.1
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
91.3
82.0
81.9
86.9
82.7
86.9
90.3
87.1
89.4
86.1
92.0
88.3
89.9
99.4
100.0
68.9
56.7
58.8
55.2
LOCK
4.9
.2
2.9
.8-
.8
.9
31.1
43.3
41.2
44.8
FUEL
FI
.1
1.1
1.4
.6
31.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
.6
31.1
100.0
98.1 1.9
100.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
98.3
99.1
98.2
98.1
99.6
100.0
99.4
100.0
68.9
VEHICLE
DSL SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.6
1.4 98.8
1.7 97.5
.9 100.0
.7 66.7
.4 100.0
.4 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
SIZE
MID LARGE
2.4
1.2
2.5
33.3
68.9
DESIGNED
DOM
23.2
20.2
16.3
24.0
3.7
22.3
43.0
15.4
25.4
14.8
18.1
IMPORT
76.8
79.8
83.7
76.0
96.3
100.0
100.0
77.7
57.0
84.6
74.6
85.2
81.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-17
TABLE F-17 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
3000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
198Z
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
60 .030
73 .028
91 .032
144 .044
226 .073
212 .114
249 .137
379 .198
414 .180
575 .172
658 .179
840 .193
799 .193
740 .162
609 .137
446 .117
594 .147
425 .096
388 .082
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
18.2
18.3
22.9
22.4
19.6
20.2
23.0
22.6
22.5
22.7
22.9
23.4
23.4
23.9
24.0
24.4
24.0
24.0
23.8
HUY 55/45
24.9
25.4
31.3
29.9
25.7
26.7
30.8
31.4
31.2
31.6
31.8
32.5
32.9
33.4
33.2
33.4
33.5
33.2
33.2
20.7
21.0
26.0
25.2
21.9
22.7
25.9
25.9
25.7
26.0
26.2
26.8
26.9
27.4
27.4
27.8
27.5
27.4
27.2
UGHT
LB
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
ENGINE
CID HP
107 70
136 77
147 81
148 83
154 89
146 86
150 86
162 97
158 94
153 94
151 100
143 99
145 100
145 98
145 102
142 110
148 109
145 113
146 113
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
18.2 95.8
17.4 98.6
16.4 100.1
16.0 101.0
15.2 103.4
15.3 102.1
15.7 102.2
14.3 106.6
14.5 105.5
14.5 105.4
13.9 107.6
13.8 107.5
13.8 107.8
14.0 107.2
13.4 108.7
12.8 111.7
12.9 111.3
12.4 113.0
12.4 113.2
HP/
CID
.667
.628
.596
.599
.607
.620
.591
.604
.610
.626
.662
.691
.690
.675
.704
.770
.737
.786
.781
HP/
UT
.0234
.0258
.0270
.0278
.0297
.0286
.0287
.0323
.0315
.0313
.0332
.0331
.0334
.0329
.0341
.0366
.0363
.0377
.0378
TON
-MPG
31.2
32.5
40.9
39.5
34.2
34.9
40.3
39.8
39.4
39.6
39.7
40.4
40.5
41.4
41.3
42.0
41.4
41.4
41.1
OF 3000 LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
14.3
14.0
13.8
47.4
65.7
52.6
26.2
23.8
3.7 19.7
4.3 11.4
2.6 5.7
2.8 6.6
1.6 2.3
1.6 3.6
.7 6.3
1.0 1.8
4.9 7.9
4.6 8.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
69.3
80.2
86.2
85.6
88.2
94.6
93.2
75.1
75.1
72.7
64.7
78.0
74.3
77.3
82.2
86.9
87.0
83.4
83.1
LOCK
1.4
22.0
9.6
13.6
28.4
17.6
19.6
16.7
12.4
10.4
10.2
13.0
12.8
FUEL
FI
4.4
30.9
51.5
61.5
66.4
77.5
82.3
89.7
90.1
87.2
METERING
TBI PORT
31.7 19.8
37.9 23.6
36.8 29.6
46.0 31.5
14.1 68.2
38.0 51.8
30.3 59.8
29.9 57.3
VEHICLE
CARB DSL* SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.4 21
84.2 15
92.0 8
91.7 3
67.5 1
47.7
38.2
33.6
22.5
17.7
10.3
9.9
12.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.9
.6 82.5
.8 92.1
.0 95.5
.9 92.9
.6 98.1
.8 98.6
.3 97.4
97.9
96.1
78.4
78.3
74.5
68.6
SIZE
MID LARGE
22.1
17.5
7.9
4.5
7.1
1.9
1.4
2.6
2.1
3.9
21.6
21.7
25.5
31.4
DESIGNED
DOM
14.3
14.0
13.8
22.9
20.4
16.5
53.4
56.8
57.9
58.0
34.4
41.5
61.0
51.9
39.3
51.1
40.2
39.3
IMPORT
100.0
85.7
86.0
86.2
77.1
79.6
83.5
46.6
43.2
42.1
42.0
65.6
58.5
39.0
48.1
60.7
48.9
59.8
60.7
-------
F-18
TABLE F-18 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
3500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
55
83
74
100
69
82
122
145
275
738
953
1125
1236
1166
999
745
697
604
737
OF 3500
FRAC
.028
.032
.026
.031
.022
.044
.067
.076
.120
.221
.260
.259
.299
.256
.225
.196
.172
.137
.156
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT
CITY HWY 55/45 LB
13.9 19.9 16.1 3500
14.9 20.3 16.9 3500
15.5 20.7 17.5 3500
16.4 22.4 18.6 3500
15.4 19.2 16.9 3500
16.4 21.4 18.3 3500
18.5 24.9 20.9 3500
19.5 26.4 22.1 3500
20.2 28.9 23.3 3500
19.9 27.6 22.7 3500
20.0 28.1 23.0 3500
20.2 27.9 23.0 3500
19.9 28.4 23.0 3500
19.5 28.1 22.6 3500
19.5 27.8 22.5 3500
19.7 28.6 22.9 3500
19.7 28.3 22.8 3500
19.7 28.3 22.8 3500
20.2 29.2 23.4 3500
ENGINE
CID HP
308 138
303 132
311 136
267 128
251 110
211 106
238 108
205 104
174 105
164 102
168 106
164 114
178 125
189 134
197 136
195 140
202 141
197 142
193 145
0-60
TIME
12.5
12.9
12.7
13.2
14.7
15.3
14.7
15.2
14.8
15.2
15.0
14.0
13.2
12.5
12.5
12.1
12.1
12.0
11.9
TOP
SPEED
117.5
115.2
116.8
113.9
107.4
105.8
106.6
105.1
105.7
104.5
105.8
108.9
112.8
116.2
116.7
118.3
118.4
118.9
119.9
HP/
CID
.453
.443
.446
.498
.463
.526
.474
.533
.620
.634
.647
.704
.711
.721
.704
.730
.709
.730
.756
HP/
WT
.0395
.0377
.0389
.0367
.0315
.0302
.0308
.0297
.0301
.0292
.0302
.0327
.0358
.0384
.0389
.0401
.0402
.0406
.0414
TON
-MPG
28
30
30
32
30
.6
.0
.9
.9
.0
32.4
36
39
41
40
40
40
40
39
39
40
40
40
41
.9
.0
.1
.1
.5
.6
.5
.9
.7
.5
.4
.6
.5
LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
15.3
23.3
20.2
20.2
18.1
22.3
26.4
7.3
9.0
25.3
4WD
55.5
15.1
6.7
26.1
54.6
53.3
46.7
54.0
49.4
49.9
35.7
34.7
32.8
37.2
28.3
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT
9.7 1.8
13.7 1.9
11.8 3.0
21.4 2.7
64.8 12.2
46.7 36.8 14.6
61.7 31.3 6.5
77.0 19.1 4.3
66.0 28.7 3.7
48.4 25.2 7.0
44.5 32.6 14.7 .7
45.6 34.6 49.4 19.7 29.7
39.9 47.8 64.9 20.7 44.2
36.4 55.5 93.7 30.2 63.5
32.2 49.8 95.0 37.5 57.6
31.8 66.0 96.0 20.1 75.9
40.6 58.4 99.7 39.4 60.3
46.2 52.5 99.7 27.9 71.8
40.9 58.1 99.9 25.1 74.8
CARB DSL
98.2
98.1
97.0
97.3
87.8
85.4
93.5
93.2
94.9
91.8
84.9
50.4
35.0
6.3
5.0
4.0
.3
.3
.1
2.6
1.5
1.2
.4
.1
.1
VEHICLE
SMALL
3.0
5.4
6.7
11.7
75.1
40.7
17.9
13.2
70.9
84.4
71.5
75.9
74.0
76.8
79.6
82.4
82.8
82.9
63.3
SIZE
MID LARGE
97.0
94.6
93.3
88.3
24.9
59.3
82.1
86.8
29.1
15.6
28.5
24.1
26.0
23.2
20.4
17.6
17.2
17.1
36.7
DESIGNED
DOM
97.0
94.6
93.3
88.3
80.3
66.8
80.5
63.4
68.3
74.4
74.1
70.8
74.3
82.5
83.6
82.1
83.1
80.1
83.9
IMPORT
3.0
5.4
6.7
11.7
19.7
33.2
19.5
36.6
31.7
25.6
25.9
29.2
25.7
17.5
16.4
17.9
16.9
19.9
16.1
-------
F-19
TABLE F-19 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
4000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1021
1234
1165
1317
702
536
675
490
501
688
742
935
856
1189
1391
1229
1502
1484
1624
OF 4000
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.514
.473
.413
.402
.227
.288
.371
.256
.218
.206
.202
.215
.207
.261
.314
.323
.371
.336
.344
CITY
12.3
13.2
14.7
14.3
14.4
16.5
16.9
16.5
16.7
16.4
17.1
17.5
17.8
18.1
18.5
18.3
18.4
18.3
18.4
HWY 55/45
17.2
17.9
19.3
18.3
18.5
22.2
22.8
22.4
22.9
23.0
23.8
24.5
25.3
26.2
26.9
26.7
27.0
27.1
27.6
14.1
15.0
16.5
15.9
15.9
18.6
19.1
18.7
19.0
18.9
19.6
20.1
20.5
21.1
21.5
21.3
21.5
21.4
21.6
WGHT
LB
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
ENGINE
CID HP
324 141
326 137
322 144
319 144
301 140
279 125
282 127
286 127
269 123
265 121
259 132
243 132
227 141
230 148
225 149
219 148
221 151
220 152
225 165
0-60
TIME
13.5
13.7
13.1
13.1
13.4
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.2
14.0
13.3
12.8
12.7
12.8
12.6
12.5
11.7
TOP
SPEED
114.1
112.7
115.2
114.9
113.7
108.9
109.4
109.5
108.3
107.6
111.0
111.1
114.2
116.2
116.8
116.3
117.4
117.7
122.0
HP/ HP/ TON
CID WT -MPG
.433 .0353 28.8
.419 .0342 30.8
.447 .0361 33.5
.449 .0359 32.5
.465 .0350 32.4
.453 .0314 37.5
.452 .0317 38.6
.446 .0318 37.9
.469 .0309 38.5
.471 .0303 38.4
.523 .0330 39.7
.572 .0330 40.6
.649 .0354 41.3
.668 .0369 42.4
.686 .0373 43.2
.694 .0370 42.9
.702 .0378 43.2
.703 .0380 43.1
.743 .0413 43.5
LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.4
3.6
15.8
14.9
31.8
22.4
29.9
29.4
4UD
2.0
2.7
3.4
3.8
6.4
5.8
7.3
9.1
16.7
20.6
27.4
23.2
27.9
27.5
34.8
29.0
37.0
32.9
35.4
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
33.8
33.4
29.7
29.3
35.0
50.0
42.9
31.3
27.6
29.0
20.6
25.7
19.2
21.8
19.3
17.5
17.0
14.9
14.8
LOCK
7.6
21.7
37.4
33.8
50.1
43.5
50.2
57.1
70.8
71.3
78.0
79.8
82.8
85.0
85.1
FUEL
FI
.7
.5
.6
.7
.8
8.0
59.8
87.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
34.8 24.9
47.5 39.5
51.9 48.1
48.7 51.3
41.8 58.2
42.0 58.0
26.5 73.5
11.2 88.8
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5
100.0
99.3
99.5
99.0
99.2
99.2
92.0
39.7
13.0
.5
.4
.1
.5
VEHICLE
SMALL
.6
.6
1.3
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1.4
14.3
19.3
35.5
46.0
64.4
66.0
72.7
72.0
77.0
79.8
69.1
SIZE DESIGNED
MID LARGE DOM
99.4 99.4
99.4 99.4
98.7 98.7
99.0 99.0
99.4 99.4
99.0 99.0
99.3 99.3
98.6 98.6
85.7 99.0
80.7 98.9
64.5 99.0
54.0 89.3
35.6 89.6
34.0 86.8
27.3 85.6
28.0 82.8
23.0 79.1
20.2 85.3
30.9 82.3
IMPORT
.6
.6
1.3
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.0
10.7
10.4
13.2
14.4
17.2
20.9
14.7
17.7
-------
F-20
TABLE F-20 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
4500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
386
610
862
986
960
389
373
407
517
691
745
769
636
814
894
832
909
1237
1242
OF 4500
FRAC
.194
.234
.305
.301
.311
.209
.205
.213
.225
.207
.203
.177
.154
.179
.202
.219
.225
.280
.263
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
10.7 13.6 11.9
11.6 15.1 12.9
12.5 15.9 13.8
12.3 15.4 13.5
12.8 15.9 13.9
14.0 18.3 15.7
14.9 19.9 16.8
14.9 19.7 16.8
15.0 20.2 17.0
14.7 20.0 16.7
14.5 19.4 16.4
15.3 20.6 17.3
15.0 20.6 17.1
15.4 21.6 17.7
15.3 21.7 17.6
15.6 22.7 18.2
16.1 23.8 18.8
16.1 23.7 18.8
16.3 24.4 19.1
UGHT
LB
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
ENGINE
CID HP
350 160
353 158
359 164
353 161
323 145
319 144
311 143
310 150
310 148
310 149
311 157
307 151
315 165
321 172
320 174
307 171
285 172
286 172
289 179
0-60
TIME
13.3
13.5
13.0
13.1
14.3
14.3
14.4
13.9
14.0
13.9
13.4
13.8
12.9
12.5
12.4
12.6
12.5
12.5
12.0
TOP
SPEED
116.3
115.5
117.4
116.4
111.7
111.4
111.0
113.1
112.7
112.9
115.3
113.6
117.8
119.8
120.4
119.6
119.8
119.9
122.1
HP/
CID
.456
.445
.456
.456
.452
.453
.461
.484
.481
.481
.505
.493
.523
.535
.541
.561
.615
.615
.631
HP/
UT
.0356
.0351
.0364
.0357
.0322
.0320
.0318
.0333
.0330
.0332
.0349
.0337
.0367
.0382
.0386
.0380
.0382
.0383
.0399
TON
-MPG
26.9
29.3
31.3
30.8
32.0
35.7
38.2
38.2
38.6
38.0
37.2
39.3
38.7
40.0
39.9
41.3
42.6
42.5
43.3
LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.2
.1
.1
4UD
31.9
44.1
45.0
50.0
15.7
31.6
24.7
20.5
26.7
27.5
25.1
25.8
23.2
31.3
29.6
28.5
44.9
38.4
32.8
TRANSMISSION FUEL
MANUAL LOCK FI
27.8
30.3
22.0
21.0
20.7 .2
27.0 41.1
18.3 54.4
13.7 53.1
14.1 59.2
14.0 59.9
11.9 62.6 -4.6
12.4 68.6 22.1
13.2 48.8 79.3
15.1 60.8 97.4
23.5 61.2 98.5
15.7 74.6 99.1
15.6 82.0 99.5
14.9 82.6 99.9
16.5 81.5 100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
22.1
43.2 36.1
66.4 31.0
59.8 38.7
59.1 40.0
45.3 54.2
33.5 66.4
39.1 60.9
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
99.7
97.3
99.0
99.6
99.6
99.8
95.4
77.9
20.7
2.5
1.4
.8
.4
2.0
.3
2.7
1.0
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
VEHICLE
SMALL
.2
.1
.2
.2
.6
.7
.8
.8
16.0
39.0
35.7
30.9
SIZE
MID LARGE
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.3
99.2
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.0
61.0
64.3
69.1
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.3
99.2
99.2
99.7
99.0
98.7
98.9
94.5
95.9
94.5
92.4
IMPORT
.2
.1
.2
.0
.0
.2
.6
.7
.8
.8
.3
1.0
1.3
1.1
5.5
4.1
5.5
7.6
-------
F-21
TABLE F-21 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
5000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
201 .
297 .
256 .
324 .
673 .
242 .
122 .
170 .
173 .
260 .
277 .
289 .
235 .
366 .
340 .
390 .
245 .
510 .
538 .
OF 5000
101
114
091
099
218
130
067
089
075
078
076
067
057
080
077
103
061
115
114
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HUY 55/45
10.2 12.4 11.1
11.0 13.7 12.1
11.9 14.8 13.1
11.7 14.6 12.8
11.4 13.7 12.3
13.4 17.9 15.1
14.1 18.7 15.8
15.1 20.2 17.0
14.8 20.6 17.0
14.0 19.5 16.0
13.8 19.4 15.9
14.1 20.0 16.3
13.8 19.3 15.9
14.2 20.3 16.4
14.0 19.8 16.1
14.0 20.6 16.4
13.9 20.2 16.2
14.3 21.2 16.7
14.7 21.9 17.2
UGHT
LB
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
ENGINE
CID HP
365 165
364 156
372 167
371 170
363 156
347 154
330 146
331 144
332 150
327 159
326 164
323 162
327 175
330 180
322 176
332 188
325 188
331 189
321 191
0-60
TIME
14.1
14.7
14.0
13.6
15.1
14.8
15.4
15.6
15.0
14.4
14.1
14.1
13.4
13.2
13.4
12.7
12.6
12.7
12.5
TOP
SPEED
114.2
111.8
114.7
115.7
111.6
111.0
109.0
108.3
110.1
112.5
114.0
113.5
117.2
118.4
117.3
120.8
120.8
121.0
121.6
HP/
CID
.450
.428
.446
.459
.426
.443
.447
.438
.458
.488
.504
.503
.534
.541
.547
.568
.582
.571
.598
HP/
WT
.0330
.0313
.0333
.0340
.0311
.0307
.0293
.0288
.0301
.0318
.0328
.0325
.0351
.0360
.0352
.0377
.0377
.0378
.0382
TON
-MPG
27.9
30.4
32.8
32.1
31.8
39.1
40.6
44.5
44.0
41.0
40.3
41.1
40.0
41.3
40.7
41.1
40.7
42.2
43.3
LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
4WD
48.9
50.3
40.8
56.5
22.4
51.8
50.7
42.0
48.9
60.0
63.5
62.7
70.3
61.1
62.7
58.9
69.9
59.2
61.9
TRANSMISSION FUEL
MANUAL LOCK FI
24.2
24.6
22.1
27.0
15.5 1.2
18.5 56.3
17.4 53.8
17.9 54.6
12.1 67.2
12.6 59.0
11.8 63.6 3.2
9.5 68.8 16.2
13.0 53.5 70.7
9.8 64.3 97.4
12.6 64.7 99.3
8.7 84.4 99.4
10.5 82.8 99.3
6.7 88.5 99.4
7.4 87.4 99.7
METERING
TBI PORT
16.2
40.0 30.7
47.8 49.6
39.1 60.2
54.7 44.7
48.2 51.1
47.4 51.9
39.9 59.8
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.2 7
82.5 17
85.6 14
67.9 32
81.7 18
93.4 6
94.0 2
82.3 1
28.5
1.4 1
.8
.5
.4
.1
.3
.6
.8
.5
.8
.1
.7
.6
.7
.6
.3
VEHICLE
SMALL
.1
3.9
2.7
3.7
SIZE
MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
96.1
97.3
96.3
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.6
97.8
93.2
96.8
96.8
IMPORT
3.4
2.2
6.8
3.2
3.2
-------
F-22
TABLE F-22 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
5500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
59 .030
109 .042
101 .036
133 .041
158 .051
28 .015
6 .003
41 .022
35 .015
34 .010
28 .008
28 .006
58 .014
77 .017
47 .011
51 .013
37 .009
90 .020
122 .026
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
9.2
10.3
10.7
11.0
10.3
11.7
12.2
18.7
17.6
15.6
13.9
13.8
14.3
13.9
14.4
14.1
14.0
14.0
14.1
HWY 55/45
11.3
13.1
13.4
13.8
12.2
15.4
16.1
26.4
25.4
22.1
20.2
20.0
21.0
20.3
22.4
22.0
21.5
20.8
21.4
10.0
11.4
11.8
12.1
11.1
13.1
13.7
21.5
20.4
17.9
16.1
16.0
16.7
16.2
17.2
16.8
16.7
16.4
16.7
WGHT
LB
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
ENGINE
CID HP
380 175
385 173
398 184
380 173
400 183
353 162
350 163
350 132
373 136
367 145
359 157
341 157
351 206
350 199
350 205
350 206
347 201
339 195
344 202
0-60
TIME
14.7
14.8
14.1
14.5
14.3
15.2
15.2
17.9
17.6
16.8
15.8
15.8
12.6
12.9
12.7
12.6
12.9
13.3
12.9
TOP
SPEED
113.8
113.4
116.3
113.5
116.1
110.4
110.7
102.6
103.8
106.1
109.2
109.2
122.1
120.4
122.0
122.2
120.8
119.3
121.0
HP/
CID
.456
.445
.458
.457
.454
.458
.466
.378
.367
.398
.440
.475
.588
.569
.587
.589
.578
.574
.584
HP/
WT
.0317
.0315
.0334
.0315
.0333
.0294
.0296
.0240
.0248
.0264
.0286
.0286
.0374
.0362
.0374
.0375
.0365
.0355
.0367
TON
-MPG
27.7
31.5
32.8
33.4
30.8
36.3
37.7
60.0
57.9
51.9
45.8
45.3
46.1
44.8
47.6
46.5
46.1
45.4
46.0
OF 5500 LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
84.9
86.1
76.1
89.9
11.9
60.6
73.2
79.9
67.5
67.2
79.8
76.2
35.9
36.4
4.6
3.5
8.0
12.2
37.2
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
2.6
3.3
1.7
1.1
29.5
22.9
24.3
13.2
3.6
4.5
4.1
10.1
.4
1.2
1.0
1.1
.6
1.6
.9
LOCK
41.6
55.0
85.7
94.1
88.8
86.5
82.7
95.8
89.5
93.2
98.0
99.4
95.7
97.3
FUEL
FI
92.6
97.7
96.9
97.2
95.6
99.1
98.7
METERING
TBI PORT
91.6 .9
88.3 9.3
89.8 7.1
83.1 14.1
72.0 23.5
59.5 39.6
80.6 18.1
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.2 92
19.9 80
42.1 57
70.0 30
74.5 25
3.8 3
.4 1
3
2
4
1
.8
.1
.9
.0
.5
.6
.9
.1
.8
.4
.9
.3
VEHICLE
SMALL
7.1
.6
SIZE
MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.4
100.0
100.0
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
IMPORT
-------
F-23
TABLE F-23 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
6000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1
1
2
2
10
4
4
4
4
8
6
3
4
33
32
18
29
32
OF 6000
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.000
.001
.001
.001
.003
.002
.002
.002
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001
.007
.008
.005
.007
.007
CITY
10.0
10.6
11.2
10.7
9.7
10.8
18.2
17.4
17.4
18.0
18.8
18.1
16.0
13.5
13.6
13.5
12.9
13.2
HUY 55/45
12.3
13.9
14.2
13.4
12.6
14.9
26.2
25.3
25.8
27.6
28.5
26.8
23.6
20.0
20.4
19.9
19.9
20.2
10.9
11.9
12.4
11.8
10.8
12.3
21.1
20.2
20.4
21.4
22.2
21.2
18.7
15.8
16.0
15.8
15.3
15.6
WGHT
LB
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
60GO
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
ENGINE
CID HP
329 152
373 161
362 165
373 170
411 189
362 169
350 130
378 131
378 131
378 132
379 130
377 136
369 158
352 205
352 206
351 206
350 209
350 209
0-60
TIME
16.9
16.3
16.0
15.6
15.7
15.8
19.5
19.4
19.4
19.3
19.5
19.0
17.3
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.3
TOP
SPEED
105.5
107.8
108.8
110.1
114.8
109.8
100.1
100.3
100.3
100.5
100.0
101.6
107.0
118.7
119.0
119.1
119.7
119.8
HP/
CID
.463
.433
.458
.458
.448
.467
.372
.346
.346
.349
.343
.363
.431
.584
.587
.588
.596
.598
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
.0253 33.2
.0268 35.8
.0275 37.4
.0284 35.4
.0315 32.6
.0282 37.5
.0217 63.4
.0218 61.3
.0218 61.9.
.0219 64.6
.0217 66.8
.0227 64.5
.0263 57.7
.0341 47.8
.0343 48.3
.0344 47.5
.0348 46.0
.0349 46.8
LB. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
4UD
14.6
64.4
53.5
64.2
43.1
2.3
99.3
95.5
95.4
41.2
41.5
48.5
61.9
96.3
96.8
94.9
82.6
92.8
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
74.8
38.8
36.7
33.8
2.5
.3
7.9
7.4
1.1
.7
.1
LOCK
76.5
100.0
95.5
95.4
97.5
99.7
92.1
92.6
98.9
99.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
FUEL
FI
7.8
32.9
93.7
94.5
94.7
99.5
99.5
METERING
TBI PORT
7.8
32.9
93.7
94.5
94.7
82.6 16.9
92.8 6.7
CARS DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7 99
4.5 95
4.6 95
4.7 95
100
92
67
6
5
5
.3
.5
.4
.3
.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.3
.5
.5
VEHICLE
SMALL
SIZE
MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-24
TABLE F-24 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
6500 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1980
1991
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1980
1991
SALES
(000) FRAC
1 .000
1 .000
1 .001
2 .000
1 .000
1 .000
OF 6500 LB.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
100.0
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
9.9
10.4
11.4
10.7
10.6
16.8
TRUCKS:
HUY 55/45
11.6
13.3
13.6
13.2
14.5
26.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
.2
LOCK
100.0
10.6
11.5
12.3
11.7
12.0
20.2
FUEL
FI
UGHT
LB
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
METERING
TBI PORT
ENGINE
CID HP
321 150
324 144
316 142
327 155
368 150
379 140
0-60
TIME
18.6
19.2
19.3
18.1
18.5
19.6
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100
.0
TOP
SPEED
103.1
101.6
101.2
104.3
103.1
100.7
VEHICLE
SMALL
HP/
CID
.468
.447
.453
.474
.408
.369
SIZE
MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/
UT
.0231
.0222
.0219
.0239
.0231
.0215
TON
-MPG
34.5
37.6
40.1
38.2
39.2
65.5
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
IMPORT
-------
F-25
Table F-25 Average Fleet Characteristics for
Passenger Cars, 1975 to 1993
Year Weight Vol.
Displ FE City
Using Each Year's Actual Mix
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
4058.
4059.
3944.
3588.
3485.
3101.
3076.
3054.
3112.
3099.
3093.
3041.
3031.
3047.
3099.
3179.
3153.
3223.
3234.
Using
4169.
4109.
3922.
3588.
3508.
3277.
3177.
3166.
3182.
3231.
3153.
3128.
3147.
3158.
3201.
3295.
3295.
3330.
3325.
Using
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
110.9
109.5
109.4
104.7
107.0
106.6
109.2
108.0
108.6
107.8
107.1
108.5
108.2
107.6
107.3
108.4
108.4
Constant
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
109.5
Constant
104.0
109.0
110.0
112.9
114.7
116.7
117.2
117.1
118.6
118.4
118.2
116.3
115.9
112.2
112.9
114.8
115.0
288.
287.
279.
251.
238.
188.
182.
175.
182.
179.
177.
167.
162.
160.
163.
164.
163.
168.
169.
(1978)
301.
292.
277.
251.
241.
209.
194.
189.
192.
195.
187.
180.
178.
176.
178.
178.
179.
180.
179.
(1978)
237.
235.
238.
251.
250.
246.
241.
235.
233.
232.
231.
230.
228.
225.
220.
217.
216.
210.
209.
13.7
15.2
16.0
17.2
17.7
20.3
21.7
22.3
22.1
22.4
23.0
23.7
23.9
24.2
23.8
23.4
23.6
23.2
23.5
Size Class
13.3
15.0
16.1
17.2
17.6
19.4
21.1
21.7
21.6
21.3
22.5
22.9
22.9
23.4
22.9
22.4
22.6
22.5
22.8
Weight Mix
15.4
16.9
17.5
17.2
17.3
17.9
18.8
19.0
18.9
19.1
19.5
19.8
20.1
20.6
20.6
20.5
20.6
21.2
21.5
19.5
21.3
22.3
24.5
24.6
29.0
31.1
32.7
32.7
33.3
34.3
35.5
35.9
36.6
36.3
35.9
36.3
36.2
36.6
Mix
19.0
21.1
22.4
24.5
24.5
27.9
30.6
32.0
32.0
31.9
33.9
35.0
35.1
35.9
35.4
35.1
35.5
35.6
36.0
21.6
23.5
24.2
24.5
24.1
25.7
27. 4
28.2
28.5
28.7
29.7
30.4
30.8
31.8
31.8
31.9
32.3
33.7
34.2
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.7
28.0
27.7
28.0
15.3
17.3
18.4
19.9
20.1
22.5
24.6
25.3
25.3
25.0
26.5
27.1
27.2
27.7
27.2
26.8
27.0
27.0
27.3
17.7
19.3
20.0
19.9
19.8
20.7
21.9
22.3
22.3
22.4
23.1
23.5
23.8
24.5
24.5
24.4
24.6
25.5
25.8
-------
F-26
Table F-26 Average Fleet Characteristics for
Light Duty Trucks, 1975 to 1993
Using Each Year's Actual Mix
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
4072.
4155.
4135.
4151.
4252.
3869.
3806.
3806.
3763.
3782.
3795.
3738.
3713.
3841.
3921.
4005.
3949.
4122.
4125.
311.
319.
318.
314.
298.
248.
247.
243.
231.
224.
224.
211.
210.
227.
234.
237.
228.
243.
244.
Using Constant
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
4089.
4131.
4142.
4151.
4334.
4130.
4023.
4088.
4160.
4075.
4136.
4148.
4134.
4237.
4263.
4263.
4242.
4411.
4301.
Using
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
313.
315.
319.
314.
308.
278.
272.
275.
277.
266.
270.
263.
263.
278.
280.
278.
272.
283.
272.
12.1
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.4
16.5
17.8
18.1
18.3
17.9
18.0
18.8
18.8
18.3
18.1
17.8
18.3
17.5
17.7
16.2
16.9
18.1
17.5
16.8
21.9
23.9
24.4
25.2
24.8
24.9
25.9
26.5
26.2
25.8
25.8
26.6
25.7
26.3
13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.4
20.8
(1978) Size Class Mix
12.1
12.9
14.0
13.8
13.2
15.5
16.7
16.8
16.5
16.5
16.3
16.8
16.7
16.5
16.3
16.4
16.6
16.2
16.8
Constant (1978)
315.
317.
319.
314.
295.
280.
279.
280.
273.
270.
268.
259.
255.
258.
256.
250.
242.
242.
244.
11.9
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.8
15.5
16.3
16.7
16.7
16.3
16.4
17.0
16.9
17.2
17.2
17.3
17.5
17.5
17.7
16.2
17.1
18.1
17.5
16.5
20.6
22.5
22.6
22.6
22.5
22.2
22.9
23.1
23.4
23.2
23.8
24.1
23.8
24.9
Weight
15.7
16.9
18.1
17.5
17.4
20.6
21.9
22.4
22.8
22.5
22.6
23.4
23.7
24.4
24.6
25.0
25.4
25.6
26.1
13.6
14.5
15.6
15.2
14.4
17.5
18.9
19.0
18.8
18.7
18.5
19.1
19.0
19.0
18.8
19.1
19.3
18.9
19.7
Mix
13.3
14.4
15.6
15.2
15.2
17.4
18.4
18.8
19.0
18.6
18.7
19.4
19.4
19.8
19.9
20.1
20.4
20.4
20.7
-------
G-l
Car and Truck Sales by Size Class
Sales Fraction
100%
75%
50%
Large Van/Utility
Small Pickups
Large Pickups
25%
Small Van/Utility
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
Model Year
Figure G1
Sales Fraction by Car Class
Sales Fraction
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
0.0
Figure G2
-------
G-2
MPG for Four Car Classes
Subcompact * Compact • Midsize Sedans * Large Sedans —All Cars
35
Average MPG
30-
25-
20
15-
10
A A A A A
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure G3
Inertia Weight for Four Car Classes
Large Sedans • Midsize * Compact A Subcompact —All Cars
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
v T
Alii*
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure G4
-------
G-3
Top Speed for Four Car Classes
Subcompact * Compact • Midsize Sedans v Large Sedans —All Cars
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
Top Speed (MPH)
100
T T
A A
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure G5
0 to 60 Time for Four Car Classes
Large Sedan • Midsize Sedan * Compact A Subcompact —All Cars
16
15
14
13
12
11
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
10
V T
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure G6
-------
G-4
TABLE G-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
TWO-SEATER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
244
203
221
191
256
200
162
263
137
348
335
303
282
203
113
177
177
94
170
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC
.030
.021
.020
.017
.024
.021
.019
.034
.017
.033
.031
.028
.026
.019
.011
.020
.021
.012
.019
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID
16.7 25.0 19.7 3015 173
16.5 24.6 19.4 3032 187
17.2 25.0 20.0 3062 50.0 183
16.6 24.4 19.4 3079 50.0 187
17.0 25.6 20.1 3026 50.0 180
17.3 26.7 20.6 2954 50.0 180
18.9 27.0 21.9 3005 50.0 202
21.9 32.7 25.7 2726 50.0 146
20.4 29.9 23.9 2756 50.0 146
22.5 34.6 26.7 2886 50.0 174
22.8 34.5 26.9 2826 50.0 158
23.8 36.3 28.1 2915 50.0 166
23.1 35.7 27.5 2920 50.0 167
23.0 35.7 27.4 2940 50.0 170
22.6 35.0 26.9 3030 50.0 198
23.4 35.4 27.7 2979 50.0 164
24.7 36.7 29.0 2890 50.0 149
22.0 34.0 26.1 3089 50.0 185
25.4 37.8 29.8 2904 50.0 153
HP
125
136
134
143
128
121
142
106
115
121
123
130
134
138
160
160
151
187
168
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.1
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.3
10.6
13.0
11.8
12.1
11.7
11.7
11.5
11.2
10.2
10.3
10.8
10.0
10.0
TOP
SPEED
116.8
120.0
119.1
122.2
117.6
115.8
124.2
112.0
116.0
116.6
118.1
119.4
120.9
122.5
129.6
129.7
127.0
137.9
133.9
HP/
CID
.764
.752
.755
.795
.735
.702
.758
.734
.778
.717
.806
.818
.830
.845
.891
1.019
1.041
1.040
1.155
HP/
WT
.0406
.0429
.0421
.0446
.0411
.0400
.0469
.0377
.0411
.0410
.0425
.0430
.0442
.0455
.0509
.0511
.0492
.0569
.0548
TON
-MPG
29.5
29.4
30.7
29.9
30.6
30.8
33.2
35.7
33.2
39.7
39.1
41.9
41.5
41.8
42.4
42.1
42.9
40.9
44.5
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON -MPG
1032
1002
1039
1058
1125
1337
1216
1423
1443
1504
1487
1505
1508
1484
1573
1417
1608
1534
1495
1528
1539
1660
1784
1660
1983
1955
2097
2074
2091
2121
2103
2146
2045
2227
OF TWO-SEATERS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
47.8
17.1
17.9
25.0
29.8
32.7
41.9
32.6
31.3
35.2
17.3
49.9
4WD
16.5
.7
.5
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
DESIGNED
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
74.6 42.4 42.4 57.
70.5 37.1 37.1 62.
70.5 40.2 40.2 59.
71.8 46.9 46.9 53.
72.8 31.5 31.5 68.
74.0 13.6 34.4 34.4 65.
61.3 20.1 55.4 55.4 44.
69.2 9.5 32.8 9.5 23.3 67.
81.0 4.5 40.3 40.3 59.
60.4 33.7 73.6 53.1 20.5 26.
67.4 26.3 64.9 11.6 53.3 35.
62.4 30.7 81.7 11.7 70.0 18.
64.0 28.5 85.9 14.6 71.3 14.
62.1 27.4 100.0 26.1 73.9
51.5 36.6 100.0 14.2 85.8
66.9 27.2 100.0 11.5 88.5
68.4 21.3 100.0 18.7 81.3
59.1 24.2 100.0 14.3 85.7
69.9 22.3 100.0 10.0 90.0
6
9
8
1
5
6
6
2
7
4
1
3
1
DOM
16.4
22.9
22.3
22.7
18.6
17.6
23.4
57.3
17.1
57.0
37.1
46.7
36.1
36.3
30.7
19.0
13.0
22.5
15.6
EUR ASIA
50.1 33
49.3 27
50.0 27
44.0 33
36.8 44
36.9 45
23.4 53
6.7 36
9.6 73
3.8 39
.6
.8
.7
.3
.6
.5
.2
.0
.3
.3
4.8 58.1
6.9 46
7.2 56
8.1 55
14.4 54
7.2 73
8.4 78
15.5 62
8.1 76
.4
.7
.6
.8
.8
.6
.0
.3
-------
G-5
TABLE G-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
MINICOHPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
941
913
915
901
436
383
227
178
156
42
73
176
71
43
28
76
95
102-
106
FRAC
.114
.094
.081
.081
.040
.041
.026
.023
.020
.004
.007
.016
.007
.004
.003
.009
.011
.013
.012
FUEL
CITY
19.6
22.4
24.2
24.1
24.1
24.5
30.6
31.7
31.5
21.6
31.1
26.1
26.2
26.8
23.0
22.4
24.5
26.6
26.5
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
29.3
32.3
34.4
32.8
33.7
34.3
40.1
41.5
42.7
32.9
44.8
39.1
38.7
38.7
33.7
33.5
35.9
38.5
38.3
23.0
26.0
27.9
27.4
27.6
28.1
34.3
35.5
35.7
25.6
36.0
30.7
30.7
31.1
26.9
26.3
28.6
30.8
30.8
UGHT
LB
2721
2688
2544
2583
2450
2458
2164
2193
2273
2855
2300
2407
2636
2619
2866
3019
2912
2737
2753
VOL
CU-FT
78.8
79.1
79.7
82.8
82.6
82.7
82.0
75.9
79.2
80.5
77.2
77.9
77.2
80.7
75.5
80.1
80.0
ENGINE
CID HP
128
124
116
120
113
116
92
95
99
151
114
113
128
128
146
148
127
112
112
82
80
83
83
77
78
67
70
77
141
95
104
130
129
148
145
137
120
121
0-60
TIME
15.2
15.1
14.0
14.1
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.2
10.5
13.4
12.8
11.3
11.7
10.7
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.2
TOP
SPEED
102.4
102.1
104.9
104.6
103.1
103.2
101.2
101.9
104.1
125.3
110.7
113.9
122.6
122.0
127.9
125.0
123.2
118.8
118.7
HP/
CID
.669
.673
.756
.730
.689
.675
.723
.727
.754
.927
.818
.881
.985
.954
.985
.969
1.076
1.079
1.080
HP/
UT
.0298
.0297
.0326
.0322
.0312
.0314
.0307
.0311
.0327
.0484
.0380
.0403
.0469
.0462
.0504
.0475
.0464
.0437
.0435
TON
-MPG
32.1
35.3
36.1
35.9
34.0
34.7
37.6
39.6
41.5
37.0
44.2
39.4
42.4
43.4
39.2
39.8
41.9
42.3
42.5
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2297
2256
2239
2385
2909
3065
3094
2017
3406
2903
2721
2877
2157
2146
2184
2512
2506
2839
2846
2718
2875
3105
3287
3412
2812
3518
3176
3300
3411
3051
3216
3164
3390
3402
PERCENT OF MINI COMPACT SEDAN:
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARS DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
19.6
22.1
25.4
22.3
44.8
47.2
83.2
80.4
81.8
30.6
67.7
54.6
54.9
62.4
62.4 3.5
11.4
50.9
69.3 .3
69.7 .5
67.7
63.5
70.6
63.0
73.4
60.0
81.2
80.8
80.9
84.3
86.1
82.7
81.9
76.6
65.3
61.6
59.8
52.8
55.7
.2
.2
.1
5.1
3.9
8.3
16.1
32.1
36.3
44.0
40.7
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4
1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85.9
77.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4
1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85.9
77.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.5
95.5
98.1
98.5
96.6
98.4
99.0
93.6
79.4
7.4
53.1
47.8
14.1
23.0
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
55.6
53.6
19.2
36.5
39.4
47.0
.1
.2
.2
.1
13.6
7.1
5.7
4.6
6.6
9.5
5.9
19.9
21.4
96.9
49.5
43.8
69.4
62.7
74.6
20.6
10.7
8.6
8.4
30.8
39.3
75.1
58.9
54.0
43.5
94.1
80.0
78.4
2.9
50.4
56.2
30.6
37.3
25.4
79.4
89.3
91.4
91.6
-------
G-6
TABLE G-3 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
SUBCOMPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1011
1368
1577
2056
3044
3552
2712
2329
1968
2545
2181
2376
2088
2143
1950
1974
2303
1942
2069
FRAC
.123
.141
.140
.184
.282
.376
.311
.298
.246
.238
.202
.216
.195
.200
.195
.223
.270
.249
.227
FUEL
CITY
16.6
19.3
20.9
21.5
21.1
23.7
25.8
25.3
25.9
25.4
25.9
26.4
26.8
27.8
26.9
27.4
27.0
27.0
26.8
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
23.8
27.0
28.9
30.0
29.3
32.9
35.0
35.5
37.2
36.9
37.4
37.9
38.4
39.2
38.6
38.5
39.3
39.6
39.9
19.2
22.2
23.9
24.6
24.1
27.1
29.3
29.1
30.0
29.6
30.1
30.6
31.1
32.0
31.2
31.5
31.4
31.5
31.5
WGHT
LB
3242
3033
2966
2842
2847
2640
2604
2657
2687
2737
2734
2764
2728
2668
2748
2762
2779
2805
2851
VOL
CU-FT
90.7
89.7
90.4
89.9
90.3
91.8
93.3
93.3
93.9
94.7
92.7
93.2
93.1
94.5
94.8
93.3
94.1
ENGINE
CID HP
206
181
174
159
155
128
124
133
136
140
136
136
128
122
129
117
124
124
128
107
97
98
93
94
82
81
86
90
97
100
100
99
99
104
108
111
119
122
0-60
TIME
14.2
14.7
14.2
14.4
14.2
14.7
14.7
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.4
13.4
13.7
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.3
11.9
11.8
TOP
SPEED
108.1
105.8
106.7
105.8
106.0
103.3
103.2
104.6
106.2
108.4
109.7
109.4
108.9
109.6
111.1
112.9
114.0
116.6
117.5
HP/
CID
.585
.607
.633
.649
.659
.669
.676
.666
.693
.722
.760
.765
.795
.823
.852
.962
.938
.984
.972
HP/
WT
.0329
.0316
.0325
.0321
.0323
.0308
.0308
.0317
.0330
.0348
.0358
.0354
.0350
.0358
.0369
.0385
.0392
.0413
.0419
TON
-MPG
31.4
33.8
36.1
35.7
34.8
36.2
38.7
39.4
41.0
41.1
41.5
42.7
42.8
43.1
43.3
43.8
44.1
44.8
45.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2329
2387
2297
2523
2744
2792
2941
2883
2941
3018
2995
3116
3044
3067
3086
3068
3087
3268
3201
3140
3251
3491
3613
3829
3830
3901
4048
3965
4019
4034
4142
4180
4177
4270
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
OF SUBCOMPACT SEDAN:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
17.6
13.1
19.4
22.3
25.9
35.3
36.0
39.8
53.4
49.8
58.7
64.5
69.1
77.7
72.3
87.9
84.3
83.9
82.5
.4
.3
.2
.2
.5
.3
1.1
.5
1.2
1.1
.4
.1.4
1.5
1.0
40.9
42.8
46.5
54.4
51.5
58.2
58.9
55.1
55.8
51.5
49.4
50.3
51,3
53.6
46.5
44.9
39.1
39.6
42.2
3.5
8.5
23.6
32.0
35.1
34.1
34.0
39.4
40.0
45.3
51.1
56.2
54.0
50.2
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7"
7.3
10.9
12.1
18.1
24.2
31.9
33.9
41.4
47.0
50.9
65.1
95.5
99.8
100.0
100.0
3.2
2.7
3.0
5.1
4.9
6.8
15.2
20.6
24.0
40.3
8.2
8.2
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
14.8
21.5
28.9
28.8
36.5
40.3
35.7
44.5
71.5
59.6
91.7
91.8
CARB
91.1
96.9
86.3
86.6
91.3
85.6
82.4
77.8
74.6
66.3
65.9
58.5
52.9
49.1
34.9
4.5
.2
DSL
1.2
1.8
1.5
3.4
5.5
4.1
1.2
1.7
.2
.1
.1
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
55.9
55.9
53.6
45.5
58.2
45.9
36.8
33.6
32.3
39.5
35.7
32.9
25.1
20.7
24.9
14.7
30.6
27.2
30.3
22.8
17.0
19.7
20.0
10.3
13.6
10.9
9.9
8.2
10.9
6.8
5.8
10.1
8.4
5.5
4.1
3.1
4.0
4.2
21.3
27.1
26.8
34.6
31.5
40.4
52.3
56.5
59.5
49.6
57.6
61.4
64.8
70.9
69.6
81.2
66.4
68.7
65.5
-------
G-7
TABLE G-4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
COMPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1893
2557
2767
1482
668
690
976
1268
1456
2731
2929
3348
4012
4317
3585
2771
2472
2303
2745
FRAC
.230
.263
.245
.133
.062
.073
.112
.162
.182
.256
.271
.304
.374
.402
.358
.314
.290
.295
.302
FUEL
CITY
14.3
15.5
15.8
17.5
17.1
19.4
23.0
24.7
24.7
25.6
25.7
25.7
25.5
25.6
25.6
24.7
24.6
24.5
25.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
19.3
21.0
21.4
24.7
23.5
27.6
33.5
37.0
36.2
36.9
37.2
37.2
37.3
37.6
37.5
36.7.
36.6
37.0
37.7
16.2
17.5
17.9
20.2
19.5
22.4
26.7
29.0
28.8
29.7
29.8
29.8
29.7
29.9
29.9
29.0
28.9
28.9
29.5
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
3958
4025
4128 107.3
3552 105.1
3624 105.3
3184 106.2
2825 104.3
2794 102.9
2844 103.2
2798 103.1
2804 103.1
2819 103.2
2836 102.8
2889 103.6
2886 102.8
2984 103.3
2984 104.5
3015 104.2
3007 104.1
ENGINE
CID HP
287
289
291
236
246
186
142
128
141
136
138
137
135
136
130
138
137
140
139
129
125
131
113
117
102
91
86
91
90
98
98
100
106
108
118
121
125
122
0-60
TIME
14.6
15.2
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.2
14.6
14.4
14.3
13.5
13.5
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.1
11.9
12.0
TOP
SPEED
110.0
108.2
109.5
107.9
108.5
107.2
105.9
104.1
105.3
105.5
108.7
108.6
109.3
111.2
112.0
114.9
116.0
117.4
116.5
HP/
CID
.454
.434
.452
.506
.495
.577
.671
.695
.677
.687
.727
,735
.759
.794
.837
.857
.885
.898
.888
HP/
UT
.0322
.0307
.0315
.0318
.0321
.0324
.0325
.0310
.0318
.0321
.0347
.0346
.0351
.0365
.0372
.0393
.0402
.0412
.0405
TON
-MPG
32.5
35.5
37.1
36.0
35.7
36.1
37.9
40.7
41.2
41.9
42.2
42.4
42.4
43.4
43.3
43.4
43.4
43.8
44.5
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON -MPG
1946
2163
2095
2438
2852
3035
3051
3134
3155
3143
3110
3147
3110
3027
3072
3055
3112
3986
3782
3761
3830
3959
4193
4259
4319
4356
4372
4359
4500
4452
4484
4542
4565
4635
PERCENT OF COMPACT SEDAN:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
2.4
2.5
2.3
17.8
13.6
56.8
81.4
84.8
74.7
82.0
85.3
86.6
90.5
91.2
95.8
95.5
95.1
96.9
95.4
5.8
2.1
1.9
2.2
.8
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.8
1.5
.4
.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
8.1
6.3
4.4
10.0
9.0
14.5
32.9
34.8
32.3
28.4
28.3
28.5
29.5
25.6
26.1
19.3
21.5
23.7
20.8
16.3
6.7
5.8
39.7
42.4
41.0
42.8
50.0
49.3
59.0
56.2
63.6
65.5
62.7
67.8
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
21.5
50.6
54.0
70.8
76.4
74.6
91.4
94.9
99.9
99.6
99.8
99.9
13.1
37.4
32.4
46.9
43.4
42.2
42.7
40.0
33.2
17.2
9.8
8.4
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
8.3
13.2
21.6
24.0
33.0
32.4
48.7
54.9
66.7
82.4
90.0
91.5
CARB
94.6
95.4
95.1
88.8
77.2
80.9
86.0
73.2
45.1
43.1
26.7
22.9
25.1
8.6
5.0
DSL
1.0
.9
1.1
2.2
8.0
8.4
6.0
5.3
4.4
2.8
2.4
.7
.3
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
94.4
96.5
96.6
92.3
81.5
79.1
86.0
81.4
77.3
81.4
71.7
65.3
52.6
59.2
53.7
53.2
46.4
56.0
52.7
5.6
3.5
3.4
7.7
18.5
20.9
14.0
13.7
12.7
6.7
11.0
9.6
7.4
5.1
6.0
5.9
6.2
5.0
5.1
4.9
10.0
11.9
17.3
25.2
40.0
35.7
40.3
40.9
47.4
39.0
42.2
-------
G-8
TABLE G-5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
MIDSIZE SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1631
1964
2226
3339
3211
2987
2902
2136
2269
2770
2777
2666
2252
2113
2591
2339
2114
1949
2213
FRAC
.198
.202
.197
.299
.297
.316
.332
.273
.284
.260
.257
.242
.210
.197
.259
.265
.248
.250
.243
FUEL
CITY
11.7
13.6
14.3
16.0
16.7
18.6
19.8
20.5
20.4
20.5
21.2
21.9
22.0
22.3
22.2
21.7
21.6
21.4
21.5
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
16.9
19.4
20.2
23.0
23.2
26.9
28.6
30.5
30.3
30.6
31.9
33.4
33.6
35.1
35.3
35.1
34.8
34.5
34.7
13.6
15.7
16.4
18.6
19.1
21.6
22.9
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.9
25.9
26.0
26.7
26.6
26.2
26.0
25.8
26.0
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
4630
4558
4473 112.9
3820 113.0
3710 113.1
3362 113.2
3346 113.9
3321 113.9
3316 113.8
3318 113.7
3318 113.6
3241 113.8
3247 113.7
3293 113.4
3314 113.6
3449 113.7
3412 113.5
3515 113.9
3504 113.8
ENGINE
CID HP
353
343
332
292
272
228
220
211
212
210
205
194
188
183
181
187
191
191
191
158
156
151
135
128
113
107
107
111
113
117
118
123
129
131
140
146
151
157
0-60
TIME
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.4
13.6
13.8
14.2
14.2
13.8
13.6
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.2
12.0
11.5
11.5
11.2
TOP
SPEED
114.6
114.3
113.5
113.3
111.8
109.5
107.6
107.8
109.3
110.0
111.5
112.5
114.4
115.9
116.8
118.7
121.3
121.8
123.9
HP/
CID
.447
.454
.454
.464
.474
.512
.509
.529
.544
.563
.606
.640
.684
.718
.735
.757
.773
.803
.830
HP/
UT
.0341
.0340
.0337
.0353
.0345
.0336
.0322
.0324
.0336
.0342
.0354
.0364
.0379
.0389
.0396
.0406
.0428
.0428
.0445
TON
-MPG
31.9
36.1
37.1
35.5
35.6
36.5
38.5
40.2
39.9
40.2
41.5
42.1
42.3
44.0
44.2
45.3
44.5
45.4
45.6
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
1880
2139
2197
2478
2645
2785
2770
2780
2873
2978
2993
3057
3049
3001
2973
2955
2974
4186
4015
4023
4132
4393
4576
4542
4565
4714
4786
4817
4995
5027
5153
5050
5177
5188
PERCENT OF MIDSIZE SEDAN:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
2.7
2.5
2.1
1.4
5.2
30.2
32 i 3
44.7
48.9
55.1
61.9
71.0
77.3
87.0
86.5
85.2
87.2
80.0
81.8
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
.6
.4
.3
1.7
1.9
7.8
5.6
2.0
1.2
.9
1.3
1.8
1.5
3.8
4.7
3.9
3.6
4.6
3.2
11.1
21.4
25.3
52.2
82.6
80.0
82.0
77.6
76.4
77.6
91.1
91.7
93.9
94.5
94.3
95.6
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
15.6
17.7
29.4
50.1
67.7
84.1
94.9
99.3
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
1.5
2.3
15.4
17.2
25.6
37.1
42.3
43.4
28.0
21.0
13.4
11.2
8.1
3.5
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
1.0
.1
.2
.5
3.8
13.0
25.4
40.7
66.9
78.3
86.6
88.7
91.9
96.5
CARB
99.3
99.4
99.3
98.6
96.3
94.9
93.7
80.7
80.6
69.7
49.6
32.1
15.5
5.1
.7
DSL
1.4
2.5
4.0
3.8
1.7
1.0
.3
.2
.4
.1
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
99.3
99.8
99.7
99.8
99.5
99.5
99.9
99.8
99.3
97.3
96.5
95.6
95.3
87.8
85.6
82.5
82.3
71.6
71.9
.7
.2
.3
.2
.5
.5
.1
.2
.7
2.7
3.5
4.4
4.7
5.6
3.8
4.1
3.5
3.0
3.4
6.5
10.7
13.4
14.1
25.4
24.7
-------
G-9
TABLE G-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
LARGE SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1555
1679
2319
2048
2111
963
956
832
1079
1236
1512
1267
1218
1303
1289
1122
1012
1070
1423
FRAC
.189
.173
.205
.183
.196
.102
.109
.106
.135
.116
.140
.115
.113
.121
.129
.127
.118
.137
.156
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HUY 55/45
11.3
12.3
13.8
14.5
15.2
16.3
17.1
17.4
16.9
17.2
18.5
19.6
19.5
19.8
19.6
19.2
19.3
19.2
19.8
16.2
17.2
19.5
20.9
21.1
24.1
26.7
26.9
26.4
26.9
29.8
32.7
32.8
33.2
33.0
32.5
32.6
32.5
33.3
13.1
14.2
15.9
16.8
17.4
19.1
20.4
20.7
20.2
20.5
22.3
23.9
23.9
24.2
24.0
23.5
23.6
23.5
24.3
UGHT VOL
LB CD- FT
5142
5156
4482 128.1
4394 128.5
4210 130.0
4130 130.9
4108 131.0
4034 131.0
4041 131.3
4022 130.9
3841 129.3
3719 127.4
3696 127.0
3730 128.1
3721 127.4
3804 126.7
3893 129.0
3893 129.5
3868 128.8
ENGINE
CID HP
409
410
366
357
339
314
304
292
292
294
279
260
259
262
261
260
264
264
259
180
180
165
162
154
137
133
135
140
140
143
147
149
150
158
161
178
182
182
0-60
TIME
13.5
13.4
12.8
12.8
12.9
14.0
14.3
13.9
13.4
13.4
12.7
12.1
11.8
11.9
11.4
11.4
10.7
10.5
10.5
TOP
SPEED
117.3
117.4
118.0
117.7
116.4
111.6
110.7
112.0
113.4
113.6
115.8
118.6
119.6
119.7
122.4
122.8
127.5
128.9
128.8
HP/
CID
.439
.440
.453
.457
.454
.440
.444
.468
.481
.478
.512
.577
.587
.587
.619
.635
.685
.702
.714
HP/
UT
.0348
.0349
.0370
.0370
.0365
.0331
.0325
.0337
.0347
.0349
.0371
.0396
.0405
.0405
.0427
.0427
.0459
.0470
.0470
TON
-MPG
33.9
36.6
35.7
37.2
36.8
39.8
42.6
42.1
.40.9
41.3
42.9
44.5
44.1
45.2
44.7
44.7
46.0
45.8
47.0
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2065
2193
2279
2526
2712
2730
2657
2688
2887
3055
3036
3111
3064
2988
3053
3051
3138
4573
4775
4783
5213
5571
5517
5370
5407
5543
5672
5599
5793
5696
5671
5941
5930
6053
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
OF LARGE SEDAN:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
1.
1.
1.
1.
31.
55.
60.
5
5
5
1
9
9
9
58.7
61.
67.
59.
58.
60.
9
2
8
4
1
.7
.5
.4
.3
.2
.4
.4
.2
2.5
6.5
41.6
89.8
93.1
99.9
99.9
100.0
99.2
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.6
97.9
98.4
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
1.2
.5
.2
.2
2.0
17.1
20.1
37.3
39.0
64.0
81.2
85.1
89.5
97.0
99.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
2.0
17.1
20.1
37.3
39.0
44.9
15.8
15.2
12.6
22.2
8.5
16.7
11.9
10.5
1.2
.5
.2
.2
19.1
65.4
69.9
76.9
74.8
90.4
83.3
88.0
89.4
CARB
100.0
98.8
99.5
98.5
96.4
87.5
67.7
69.9
60.3
60.3
35.7
18.8
14.9
10.5
3.0
1.0
DSL
1.4
3.5
10.4
15.2
10.0
2.4
.8
.3
.1
.1
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.9
95.9
96.0
97.6
96.8
96.7
98.0
.8
1.1
4.1
4.0
2.4
3.2
3.3
2.0
-------
G-10
TABLE G-7 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
SMALL WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
477
345
384
361
310
310
418
382
531
461
496
348
361
253
159
160
209
155
219
FRAC
.058
.036
.034
.032
.029
.033
.048
.049
.066
.043
.046
.032
.034
.024
.016
.018
.024
.020
.024
FUEL
CITY
19.3
20.7
22.4
21.4
22.5
25.1
26.2
26.5
28.2
27.6
28.3
27.1
26.8
27.5
27.5
25.5
26.2
25.6
26.3
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
27.7
29.4
30.6
29.3
31.2
34.6
36.6
37.6
39.1
39.4
39.7
37.6
37.4
37.6
38.3
36.2
38.0
37.3
38.7
22.4
23.9
25.5
24.3
25.7
28.6
30.0
30.6
32.2
31.9
32.5
31.0
30.7
31.3
31.5
29.4
30.5
29.8
30.7
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
2833
2902
2801 108.0
2805 108.0
2711 105.1
2591 108.2
2531 110.6
2580 112.2
2565 108.2
2620 116.5
2579 117.7
2647 118.4
2795 120.0
2757 118.7
2766 118.6
3026 122.2
3005 123.3
3104 124.0
2988 122.4
ENGINE
CID HP
128
136
134
134
123
113
108
109
105
107
106
113
116
113
112
120
120
121
123
87
86
85
90
81
75
79
75
74
77
78
82
91
93
96
110
106
113
107
0-60
TIME
14.8
15.2
14.9
14.3
15.1
15.4
14.4
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.2
14.7
14.2
13.7
13.5
12.9
13.3
13.0
13.1
TOP
SPEED
104.0
103.0
103.5
105.3
102.1
100.9
103.4
100.8
100.8
101.6
102.1
103.3
105.8
107.0
108.1
111.3
109.8
111.5
110.7
HP/
CID
.713
.668
.685
.709
.684
.685
.755
.698
.713
.719
.727
.730
.788
.829
.862
.920
.880
.927
.871
HP/
UT
.0307
.0297
.0305
.0319
.0295
.0289
.0313
.0289
.0289
.0294
.0300
.0308
.0324
.0336
.0344
.0361
.0350
.0360
.0358
TON
-MPG
32.1
35.0
36.2
34.6
35.0
37.6
38.2
39.6
41.5
42.1
42.2
41.3
43.2
43.3
43.7
44.6
46.0
46.3
46.0
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2824
2692
2742
3175
3356
3463
3507
3762
3870
3729
3733
3748
3769
3631
3807
3737
3798
3897
3732
3682
4068
4228
4447
4483
4905
4963
4895
5184
5140
5185
5455
5666
5749
5631
PERCENT OF SMALL WAGON:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
13.3
12.2
23.3
23.0
13.3
24.4
57.9
68.3
55.4
81.4
60.0
78.4
76.6
80.2
89.9
68.3
79.1
90.4
88.7
-•
12.1
9.8
8.0
8.9
39.3
15.6
39.6
20.7
23.4
19.8
10.1
31.7
20.9
9.6
10.2
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
48.6
42.8
52.9
56.3
59.3
67.3
62.0
54.0
64.7
43.7
59.1
43.3
34.4
37.8
26.6
30.6
24.4
28.8
27.7
4.6
8.1
19.4
23.7
39.2
-42.2
29.0
41.0
34.6
51.8
58.8
74.1
69.0
70.1
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
5.6
20.7
37.3
21.7
31.0
71.8
93.4
89.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
17.0
32.2
15.4
24.3
42.6
62.8
48.8
40.6
20.0
10.1
15.6
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
4.8
3.7
5.1
6.2
6.8
29.2
30.6
41.0
59.4
80.0
89.9
84.4
CARB
99.2
96.8
93.0
93.1
99.0
92.5
93.9
93.3
79.0
61.1
77.8
68.2
28.2
6.6
10.3
DSL
.6
6.3
2.2
1.2
.3
1.6
.5
.8
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
34.8
49.7
37.4
33.7
32.5
19.2
41.6
44.9
35.0
53.4
35.2
49.1
35.1
34.5
36.3
21.0
43.7
33.3
48.3
10.9
5.2
7.2
9.6
1.4
6.7
3.5
1.8
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.8
6.5
2.0
1.2
1.5
54.3
45.1
55.4
56.7
66.1
74.1
54.8
53.3
64.0
45.2
63.4
49.6
63.1
58.9
61.8
77.8
56.3
66.7
50.2
-------
G-ll
TABLE G-8 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
MIDSIZE WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
289
485
548
503
482
257
272
284
276
365
341
409
359
285
239
185
122
167
125
FRAC
.035
.050
.048
.045
.045
.027
.031
.036
.034
.034
.032
.037
.033
.027
.024
.021
.014
.021
.014
FUEL
CITY
11.4
14.0
14.4
16.3
16.9
18.4
20.2
20.6
21.2
21.6
21.6
22.1
21.7
22.0
21.4
21.0
21.4
21.3
21.4
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
16.5
19.4
19.6
22.6
22.9
25.8
28.0
28.9
29.9
31.0
31.6
33.1
33.0
34.4
33.8
33.9
34.7
35.1
33.5
13.2
16.0
16.3
18.6
19.1
21.1
23.1
23.7
24.4
25.0
25.2
26.0
25.6
26.2
25.6
25.3
25.9
25.9
25.6
UGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
4791
4555
4410 143.6
3836 140.0
3758 139.7
3534 139.7
3285 136.2
3384 136.1
3348 136.2
3298 135.9
3356 130.2
3355 137.8
3434 140.2
3378 139.4
3436 139.9
3497 141.6
3506 142.3
3509 142.9
3538 138.6
ENGINE
CID HP
361
315
297
258
249
228
193
205
200
172
170
162
173
171
176
181
181
190
176
162
142
135
123
118
107
103
108
109
107
112
115
125
126
132
139
140
142
156
0-60
TIME
13.8
14.8
15.1
14.4
14.7
15.0
14.5
14.3
14.1
14.1
13.9
13.6
13.0
12.7
12.4
12.0
12.0
11.8
11.2
TOP
SPEED
114.7
110.3
109.0
109.2
108.1
106.0
106.6
107.6
108.0
107.7
109.2
110.2
113.2
114.1
115.7
117.7
118.2
119.0
123.3
HP/
CID
.473
.458
.459
.484
.480
.482
.562
.551
.568
.633
.679
.718
.735
.743
.765
.782
.794
.779
.911
HP/
UT
.0338
.0311
.0305
.0320
.0313
.0304
.0316
.0320
.0325
.0324
.0334
.0342
.0363
.0372
.0383
.0397
.0401
.0406
.0440
TON
-MPG
32.1
36.7
36.1
35.8
36.1
37.5
38.1
40.3
41.0
41.4
42.4
43.6
44.0
44.5
44.1
44.4
45.5
45.5
45.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2368
2630
2698
2985
3187
3265
3368
3428
3280
3592
3606
3677
3597
3592
3700
3708
3556
5190
5010
5046
5231
5187
5481
5586
5622
5531
6014
6182
6199
6177
6278
6483
6501
6289
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
OF MIDSIZE WAGON:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
35.6
28.2
32.8
69.9
69.5
82.2
83.9
87.7
77.5
81.2
79.6
75.5
63.8
4.5
2.1
.1
.7
8.2
.4
1.3
.4
.5
4.0
7.1
4.6
5.3
5.3
9.9
12.8
7.4
6.2
6.5
5.9
9.1
4.4
3.8
7.1
1.7
2.4
.9
1.1
17.2
9.1
43.8
28.5
62.6
50.2
62.5
64.7
71.0
83.6
87.2
80.7
87.9
85.6
90.9
79.3
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
30.7
56.2
79.3
94.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.6 92.2 .2
3.4 96.5 .1
3.5 96.2 .3
3.0 96.8 .3
2.5 95.0 2.5
4.3 89.8 5.9
6.9 87.2 5.9
5.7 88.0 6.3
20.3
30.5
28.0
22.8
29.8
12.3
1.5
.7
.3
7.
10.
25.
51.
71.
70.
87.
98.
99.
99.
100.
9 89.8 2.3
4 66.8 2.5
7 42.0 1.8
3 20.6 .2
7 4.7 .8
2
7
5
3
7
0
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
91.7
96.4
96.2
96.7
96.4
93.6
91.2
90.8
90.5
88.1
83.2
76.2
84.9
82.3
76.3
79.0
77.0
69.2
41.7
8.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.6
6.4
8.8
9.2
9.5
11.9
11.4
11.1
11.3
13.9
15.6
21.0
23.0
14.2
25.7
5.4
12.7
3.8
3.7
8.0
16.7
32.6
-------
G-12
TABLE G-9 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
LARGE WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
197
207
340
293
275
102
108
146
130
176
145
120
88
75
63
31
34
30
28
FRAC
.024
.021
.030
.026
.026
.011
.012
.019
.016
.017
.013
.011
.008
.007
.006
.004
.004
.004
.003
FUEL
CITY
10.3
11.8
13.6
13.8
14.2
16.3
16.7
16.0
16.3
16.6
17.3
18.1
18.3
19.0
18.7
18.8
18.7
18.3
18.1
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
14.9
16.5
18.7
19.7
19.3
24.2
26.0
25.4
25.9
26.3
28.0
30.0
29.9
30.4
29.9
30.2
31.8
31.9
32.1
11.9
13.5
15.5
15.9
16.1
19.1
19.9
19.2
19.6
19.9
20.9
22.0
22.1
22.8
22.5
22.7
22.9
22.7
22.5
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
5453
5444
4713 163.1
4664 162.4
4466 162.5
4423 161.5
4394 161.4
4396 161.3
4379 161.6
4371 161.7
4354 161.7
4381 161.4
4348 161.8
4349 161.7
4334 161.8
4337 161.6
4402 169.1
4500 170.2
4500 169.3
ENGINE
CID HP
410
416
365
354
333
323
312
306
307
305
305
304
304
304
304
304
304
331
340
181
185
161
162
155
134
131
139
142
144
153
146
143
143
143
143
177
176
178
0-60
TIME
14.0
13.7
13.6
13.4
13.4
15.2
15.3
14.6
14.1
13.9
13.2
13.9
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.9
11.9
12.1
12.0
TOP
SPEED
115.9
116.9
115.0
115.7
114.8
108.8
108.1
110.5
111.6
112.2
115.4
112.8
112.2
112.2
112.4
112.4
122.3
121.0
121.6
HP/
CID
.441
.445
.442
.460
.465
.418
.424
.456
.465
.472
.504
.479
.470
.470
.471
.471
.581
.533
.524
HP/
WT
.0333
.0340
.0342
.0348
.0346
.0304
.0299
.0316
.0325
.0330
.0354
.0334
.0330
.0330
.0332
.0332
.0404
.0391
.0395
TON
-MPG
32.7
36.9
36.9
37.3
36.1
43.2
44.7
42.6
43.0
43.6
45.6
48.3
48.2
49.7
48.8
49.2
50.4
51.0
50.6
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON -MPG
2567
2601
2633
3152
3273
3130
3174
3227
3382
3558
3583
3691
3643
3664
3877
3858
3804
6008
6056
5872
6975
7199
6872
6944
7049
7360
7791
7789
8025
7887
7942
8535
8681
8560
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
OF LARGE WAGON:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
74.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL
FI
24
25
29
23
30
30
33
32
100
100
100
.2
.1
.8
.2
.7
.3
.2
.1
.7
.0
.0
.0
METERING
TBI PORT
.2
24.1
25.8
29.2
23.7
30.3
30.2
33.1
32.7
80.5 19.5
100.0
100.0
CARB
100.
100.
100.
98.
100.
73.
74.
89.
71.
72.
70.
76.
69.
69.
66.
67.
0
0
0
6
0
3
6
0
3
7
4
3
7
8
9
3
DSL
1.4
26.7
25.2
11.0
4.6
1.5
.4
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIA
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
99.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9 .1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
G-13
TABLE G-10 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
217
227
306
339
459
489
449
591
875
905
886
1253
1108
1040
882
526
803
596
328
TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.109
.087
.109
.104
.149
.262
.247
.309
.381
.271
.242
.288
.268
.228
.199
.138
.198
.135
.069
CITY HWY
19.0 27.5
20.2 29.4
22.8 32.4
23.3 31.1
20.5 28.3
22.4 30.2
24.9 33.4
24.1 33.2
23.5 32.7
22.6 32.0
23.4 32.8
23.4 32.6
23.3 33.1
22.9 32.2
22.8 32.0
22.6 31.8
22.2 31.6
21.8 31.1
22.0 31.2
55/45
22.1
23.5
26.3
26.3
23.4
25.3
28.1
27.5
26.9
26.0
26.9
26.8
26.9
26.3
26.2
26.0
25.6
25.2
25.4
WGHT
LB
2821
2829
2820
2844
2832
2792
2822
2880
2978
3080
2974
3003
3018
3077
3133
3222
3240
3354
3175
ENGINE
CID HP
116 88
117 90
121 91
120 88
123 84
123 86
129 83
144 93
145 92
146 93
148 98
145 101
147 103
153 106
161 112
164 124
176 124
181 132
177 128
0-60
TIME
14.7
14.6
14.2
14.7
14.9
14.5
15.2
14.3
14.5
14.9
14.0
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.0
12.3
12.5
12.1
11.9
TCP
SPEED
104.8
105.4
105.9
104.3
103.0
104.2
102.5
105.9
104.9
104.2
107.2
108.3
108.7
109.3
111.1
115.0
114.6
116.5
117.0
HP/
CID
.762
.772
.756
.731
.692
.706
.647
.645
.641
.638
.663
.697
.695
.690
.704
.765
.715
.741
.738
MALL
HP/
WT
.0315
.0320
.0325
.0310
.0300
.0311
.0295
.0322
.0311
.0302
.0330
.0337
.0340
.0343
.0356
.0385
.0381
.0393
.0403
PICKUP
TON
-MPG
31.3
33.5
37.5
37.8
33.8
35.8
40.5
40.2
40.5
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.7
40.7
41.2
42.1
41.7
42.5
40.6
OF SMALL PICKUP:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
5.4
7.4
5.4
3.5
1.4
.1
.1
4UD
6.9
20.5
13.1
16.3
10.7
16.7
21.9
8.2
8.2
7.5
8.8
7.3
8.8
5.3
10.8
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
83.1
81.4
82.3
88.1
88.1
88.6
92.3 .1
78.8 15.5
77.1 10.7
75.3 14.6
71.7 22.8
78.2 16.5
74.7 18.9
72.1 23.6
72.4 23.8
68.0 32.0
66.7 33.3
66.2 33.8
68.2 31.8
FUEL
FI
3.1
2.0
.6
.2
19.5
44.5
53.4
65.3
75.8
93.8
96.8
97.5
93.2
METERING
TBI PORT
25.1 19.4
32.1 21.3
33.3 32.1
38.0 37.8
14.8 79.0
49.3 47.5
37.0 60.4
64.5 28.8
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.6 2
79.9 18
86.8 12
95.2 4
96.7 3
79.1 1
54.7
46.3
34.7
24.2
6.2
3.2
2.5
6.8
.3
.0
.7
.6
.2
.5
.7
.3
DESIGNED
DOM
.7
38.5
52.8
55.1
52.6
35.7
44.0
61.2
55.7
66.4
80.0
78.7
64.9
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
61.5
47.2
44.9
47.4
64.3
56.0
38.8
44.3
33.6
20.0
21.3
35.1
-------
G-14
TABLE G-11 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1126
1639
1719
1928
1748
947
990
849
754
1138
1192
1279
1039
1418
1349
1308
1148
1514
1893
FRAC
.567
.628
.609
.589
.566
.508
.544
.444
.328
.340
.325
.294
.251
.311
.304
.344
.284
.343
.400
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HUY 55/45
11.5 15.7
12.4 16.3
13.4 17.2
13.3 16.8
13.1 16.2
15.4 20.5
16.7 22.5
16.8 22.6
16.2 22.1
16.6 22.5
16.4 22.2
16.8 22.8
16.9 23.1
16.4 23.3
16.3 23.2
16.5 23.9
16.9 24.6
16.3 24.0
16.9 25.2
13.1
13.9
14.9
14.7
14.3
17.4
18.9
19.0
18.4
18.8
18.6
19.1
19.2
19.0
18.8
19.2
19.6
19.0
19.9
UGHT
LB
4241
4301
4318
4326
4486
4227
4068
4151
4197
4048
4139
4133
4068
4221
4242
4212
4149
4349
4274
ENGINE
CID HP
343 151
344 146
347 156
339 154
330 149
294 134
285 130
287 133
289 135
270 131
275 141
266 139
261 145
285 161
285 163
280 162
269 160
284 167
271 170
0-60
TIME
13.3
13.8
13.1
13.2
14.1
14.3
14.2
14.3
14.2
14.2
13.7
13.7
13.2
12.5
12.5
12. .4
12.4
12.5
12.1
TOP
SPEED
115.5
113.5
116.4
115.7
113.1
110.1
110.0
110.4
110.7
110.3
113.0
112.2
114.6
118.5
119.0
119.0
118.7
119.2
120.8
HP/
CID
.438
.423
.449
.454
.452
.467
.464
.475
.479
.503
.533
.550
.578
.580
.586
.600
.617
.604
.645
LARGE
HP/
UT
.0358
.0341
.0363
.0357
.0334
.0318
.0321
.0322
.0323
.0324
.0341
.0335
.0355
.0380
.0383
.0384
.0384
.0382
.0396
PICKUP
TON
-MPG
28.3
30.5
32.7
32.3
32.7
37.2
38.7
39.9
39.3
38.6
39.0
39.8
39.4
40.3
40.1
40.7
41.0
41.5
42.6
OF LARGE PICKUP:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.3
.1
4UD
16.1
23.8
25.2
30.5
10.5
25.2
17.1
22.6
28.4
27.0
38.2
41.8
44.8
42.8
43.0
35.6
37.8
34.1
36.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
33.0
32.9
27.7
28.5
27.3 1.7
43.4 33.3
42.0 39.9
36.6 39.3
32.2 48.1
38.6 41.0
36.6 41.8
38.9 44.0
41.1 39.4
35.5 49.9
39.3 53.1
36.9 57.0
40.6 57.0
31.5 65.9
35.1 62.3
FUEL
FI
1.7
13.3
33.2
64.8
97.1
99.0
93.8
96.7
97.9
98.4
METERING
TBI PORT
.5
10.2 23.0
31.9 32.9
59.3 37.9
59.7 39.4
52.1 41.7
49.7 47.0
40.1 57.8
35.8 62.6
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6 1
96.9 3
94.9 5
97.8 2
91.4 8
95.9 4
96.0 2
85.6 1
66.3
34.9
2.6
.7
5.9
3.1
1.8
1.5
.4
.1
.1
.2
.6
.1
.3
.1
.5
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.1
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.6
94.9
91.8
92.1
80.6
85.7
81.6
82.0
88.3
87.6
79.7
75.7
82.0
85.6
IMPORT
6.4
5.1
8.2
7.9
19.4
14.3
18.4
18.0
11.7
12.4
20.3
24.3
18.0
14.4
-------
G-15
TABLE G-12 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL VAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1
1
2
3
8
16
11
15
14
217
442
650
868
804
922
970
836
1020
1121
FRAC
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.008
.006
.008
.006
.065
.121
.149
.210
.176
.208
.255
.207
.231
.237
FUEL ECONOMY UGHT
CITY HWY 55/45 LB
18.0 25.3 20.7 3496
16.8 25.8 19.9 3500
19.1 27.6 22.2 3500
17.4 24.5 20.0 3500
16.5 22.6 18.7 3500
16.3 23.9 19.0 3618
16.3 22.3 18.5 3644
19.7 24.9 21.7 3668
17.4 23.5 19.7 3567
21.9 29.2 24.7 3380
20.7 28.2 23.5 3521
20.1 28.5 23.2 3671
20.0 28.7 23.2 3672
19.8 29.1 23.1 3816
19.8 28.9 23.1 3843
19.4 28.7 22.8 3934
19.4 28.4 22.6 4013
19.0 28.2 22.3 4052
19.5 29.3 22.9 3971
ENGINE
CID
109
120
120
120
120
120
120
111
118
136
169
181
185
194
191
197
197
201
201
HP
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
61
69
94
109
115
133
140
138
140
142
146
150
0-60
TIME
21
20
20
20
20
21
21
23
20
15
14
14
13
12
13
13
13
13
12
.0
.9
.8
.9
.9
.4
.6
.4
.9
.8
.9
.6
.1
.9
.2
.2
.2
.0
.6
TOP
SPEED
91.8
91.8
91.8
91.8
91.8
91.3
91.2
89.1
92.2
102.6
106.8
107.7
114.1
115.2
114.2
114.4
114.3
115.2
117.3
HP/
CID
.615
.558
.558
.558
.558
.558
.558
.550
.583
.694
.664
.651
.730
.732
.738
.721
.736
.735
.756
HP/
WT
.0192
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0186
.0185
.0168
.0194
.0281
.0310
.0313
.0362
.0366
.0358
.0357
.0354
.0360
.0378
TON
-MPG
36.2
34.9
38.9
35.0
32.9
34.4
33.8
42.1
35.7
42.0
41.5
42.6
42.5
44.1
44.4
44.9
45.4
45.2
45.6
OF SMALL VAN:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
4.2
69.5
58.6
39.2
35.3
51.1
47.6
60.8
47.2
50.8
61.0
4UD
.7
2.1
12.7
1.1
1.0
8.5
13.5
21.1
9.3
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT
70.8 100.0
84.8 100.0
89.9 100.0
85.0 100.0
81.2 100.0
82.9 100.0
81.2 100.0
89.0 61.7
76.9 93.6
30.2 19.1 30.5
15.3 34.7 17.8
12.0 54.1 49.4 26.1 23.3
13.3 72.1 81.9 23.6 58.3
4.8 85.5 100.0 36.0 64.0
3.7 77.7 100.0 34.1 65.9
2.0 96.4 100.0 34.9 65.1
1.6 98.0 100.0 30.3 69.7
1.7 98.3 100.0 20.0 80.0
1.5 98.5 100.0 17.6 82.4
CARS DSL
68
82
50
18
38
6
.6
.2
.3
.1
.3
.4
.9
.3
DESIGNED
DOM
4.2
62.8
78.9
84.3
85.5
93.1
92.5
91.9
82.8
90.2
81.2
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.8
37.2
21.1
15.7
14.5
6.9
7.5
8.1
17.2
9.8
18.8
-------
G-1.6
TABLE G-13 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE VAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
455
500
512
622
472
226
234
296
368
459
412
394
398
329
355
292
198
288
241
FRAC
.229
.191
.181
.190
.153
.121
.128
.154
.160
.137
.112
.091
.096
.072
.080
.077
.049
.065
.051
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
11.7 15.2
12.3 16.4
13.3 17.0
12.9 16.2
12.2 15.4
14.6 19.5
15.5 20.5
15.3 20.2
15.6 21.1
15.0 20.6
14.5 19.5
15.3 20.7
14.9 20.6
15.3 21.4
15.0 21.3
15.0 21.5
15.1 21.8
14.9 21.7
15.1 22.5
13.1
13.8
14.7
14.2
13.5
16.5
17.4
17.1
17.7
17.1
16.4
17.4
17.1
17.5
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.3
17.8
WGHT
LB
4198
4202
4255
4253
4559
4404
4357
4376
4445
4402
4462
4537
4599
4632
4614
4628
4636
4827
4849
ENGINE
CID HP
318 143
324 146
333 153
330 149
325 146
299 135
292 132
296 136
301 139
302 141
308 150
304 148
310 161
313 164
315 168
319 177
316 175
318 181
317 185
0-60
TIME
13.9
13.7
13.2
13.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.8
14.7
14.5
13.9
14.2
13.5
13.3
13.1
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.5
TOP
SPEED
113.2
114.0
115.8
114.8
111.4
109.2
108.6
109.6
110.0
111.0
113.4
112.2
115.7
116.4
117.7
120.5
119.8
120.4
121.3
HP/
CID
.447
.447
.458
.453
.449
.452
.453
.459
.461
.464
.487
.485
.516
.522
.529
.552
.551
.568
.583
HP/
UT
.0341
.0348
.0360
.0352
.0320
.0307
.0303
.0310
.0312
.0319
.0336
.0326
.0350
.0355
.0365
.0384
.0379
.0379
.0385
TON
-MPG
28.0
29.7
31.7
30.7
31.2
36.6
38.2
37.8
39.8
38.0
36.9
39.6
39.4
40.8
40.1
40.3
40.7
42.0
43.2
OF LARGE VAN:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.3
4WD
10.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
23.3
20.3
14.0
12.7
13.6 6.9
22.0 41.7
19.1 48.9
12.0 48.1
9.6 61.7
8.5 58.2
4.2 61.0
2.8 69.9
2.7 53.4
1.1 61.9
.9 73.5
.2 83.7
.1 90.1
88.4
.1 90.4
FUEL
FI
19.4
70.1
98.8
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.6
99.6
METERING
TBI PORT
19.4
33.1 37.0
59.5 39.3
61.8 37.9
65.0 34.7
63.2 36.4
30.3 69.3
39.7 59.9
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.6 4
98.6 1
99.4
80.2
29.6
.8
.4
.4
.6
.5
.2
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
IMPORT
-------
G-17
TABLE G-14 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL UTILITY
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
53
60
73
93
105
60
43
42
156
417
524
569
577
763
709
534
969
880
854
FUEL ECONOMY
F'RAC
.027
.023
.026
.029
.034
.033
.023
.022
.068
.125
.143
.131
.140
.167
.160
.140
.239
.199
.181
CITY
14.1
14.2
15.2
14.8
15.4
17.0
18.2
18.5
19.0
19.0
18.9
19.3
19.4
19.0
18.8
18.5
17.9
17.6
18.1
HUY -55/45
19.3 16.1
18.6 15.9
19.8 17.0
19.6 16.7
18.5 16.7
21.8 . 18.8
23.9 20.4
23.8 20.5
26.9 21.9
26.9 21.9
27.9 22.1
27.0 22.2
27.7 22.4
27.3 22.0
26.5 21.6
26.3 21.4
26.1 20.8
25.6 20.5
26.3 21.0
UGHT
LB
2897
2985
3073
3026
3196
3083
3054
2922
3512
3546
3643
3550
3512
3528
3665
3652
3974
3938
3949
ENGINE
CID HP
273 118
273 108
274 111
275 110
261 117
227 95
224 102
207 97
189 107
175 105
168 106
163 116
174 122
188 134
214 146
198 142
223 157
225 159
225 169
0-60
TIME
11.9
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
14.6
13.6
13.9
14.7
15.1
15.5
14.0
13.5
12.7
12.1
12.4
12.1
11.9
11.4
TOP
SPEED
116.9
111.5
111.8
111.8
112.5
104.8
108.2
107.0
106.4
105.2
104.7
109.1
111.6
115.4
118.5
117.4 '
119.6
120.6
124.0
HP/
CID
.429
.397
.406
.400
.463
.454
.475
.495
.586
.609
.632
.720
.716
.725
.700
.737
.716
.718
.761
HP/
UT
.0416
.0367
.0366
.0368
.0366
.0306
.0335
.0331
.0309
.0297
.0291
.0328
.0348
.0377
.0398
.0390
.0396
.0406
.0431
TON
-MPG
23.3
24.0
26.2
25.3
26.7
29.3
31.4
30.0
38.8
39.0
40.5
39.5
39.3
39.0
39.7
39.1
41.5
40.4
41.5
OF SMALL UTILITY:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
4WD
88.3
85.6
78.1
83.2
87.0
100.0
100.0
74.2
78.5
88.1
83.2
89.6
87.6
85.7
84.3
87.3
79.5
80.6
74.7
TRANSMISSION FUEL
MANUAL
100.0
84.6
90.3
87.2
77.6
88.6
90.5
67.4
49.9
38.9
36.3
48.4
45.4
41.4
32.9
38.5
24.4
23.8
25.8
LOCK FI
8.8
6.8
42.1
42.1
63.4 5.8
50.9 60.6
50.5 71.7
56.6 82.6
64.3 93.5
59.9 94.4
74.9 99.8
75.3 99.8
73.3 99.9
METERING
TBI PORT
34.9 25.7
47.0 24.8
31.2 51.4
44.2 49.3
29.6 64.8
36.8 63.0
29.8 70.0
3.2 96.7
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.9
38.5
28.2
17.4
6.5
5.6
.2
.2
.1
.2
.9
DESIGNED
DOM
88.3
85.6
78.1
83.2
95.0
91.8
94.0
85.3
94.8
93.2
91.2
74.2
64.5
70.0
76.9
58.3
77.1
76.8
78.2
IMPORT
11.7
14.4
21.9
16.8
5.0
8.2
6.0
14.7
5.2
6.8
8.8
25.8
35.5
30.0
23.1
41.7
22.9
23.2
21.8
-------
G-18
TABLE fi-15 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE UTILITY
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
134
183
210
287
296
125
93
120
132
208
212
204
143
204
216
175
93
121
290
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.067
.070
.075
.088
.096
.067
.051
.063
.057
.062
.058
.047
.035
.045
.049
.046
.023
.027
.061
CITY HWY 55/45
11.0 13.6
11.8 15.4
13.0 16.9
12.3 16.2
10.6 12.9
12.7 16.8
13.8 18.5
14.8 20.2
14.4 20.0
13.6 18.7
13.8 19.2
14.1 20.1
13.7 19.6
13.9 19.8
13.8 20.0
13.7 20.8
13.7 20.3
13.7 20.7
14.9 22.7
12.1
13.2
14.5
13.8
11.6
14.3
15.6
16.8
16.5
15.5
15.8
16.3
15.8
16.1
16.0
16.2
16.0
16.2
17.6
WGHT
LB
4724
4745
4632
4676
4975
4810
4734
4855
4905
4910
4945
4955
5093
5093
5173
5244
5283
5324
4737
ENGINE
CID HP
350 157
356 151
351 155
359 161
355 153
328 148
320 145
324 141
333 145
331 152
333 161
328 157
340 185
334 181
333 184
337 191
325 192
334 198
301 202
0-60
TIME
13.9
14.4
13.9
13.4
15.0
14.8
14.8
15.4
15.3
14.7
14.2
14.4
13.1
13.3
13.2
12.9
12.9
12.7
11.3
TOP
SPEED
113.7
112.0
113.7
115.3
110.9
110.5
110.0
108.4
109.2
111.2
113.6
112.4
119.0
118.1
118.4
120.0
119.9
121.4
127.5
HP/
CID
.447
.424
.440
.449
.430
.452
.454
.438
.439
.461
.485
.481
.544
.543
.553
.569
.595
.595
.683
HP/
WT
.0333
.0320
.0335
.0346
.0307
.0308
.0305
.0293
.0297
.0310
.0327
.0318
.0362
.0355
.0356
.0366
.0364
.0374
.0435
TON
-MPG
28.7
31.4
33.8
32.4
28.9
34.7
37.2
42.4
41.8
39.2
39.7
40.9
41.0
41.3
41.9
42.8
42,6
43.2
41.6
OF LARGE UTILITY:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.2
.2
4WD
82.4
85.3
84.1
90.0
63.0
82.8
86.0
81.3
82.7
78.6
73.3
76.3
68.0
76.2
77.0
73.7
71.4
67.9
82.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
17.9
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.6 .8
21.4 38.7
18.3 55.9
16.4 54.8
10.1 62.4
10.1 44.6
7.0 52.1
6.6 69.4
5.6 71.2
3.6 70.5
3.8 73.2
2.6 86.5
1.4 89.9
1.8 96.3
5.0 95.0
FUEL
FI
4.4
19.1
66.8
89.6
93.2
95.0
94.5
100.0
100.0
METERING
TB1 PORT
.2
.2 19.0
65.6 1.2
57.2 32.5
57.6 35.5
60.6 34.4
52.0 42.5
67.5 32.5
35.8 64.2
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
96.5 3
100.0
79.3 20
85.3 14
93.1 6
91.1 4
77.6 3
30.8 2
9.0 1
5.7 1
3.9 1
4.0 1
.2
.5
.7
.7
.9
.5
.3
.3
.4
.1
.1
.5
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9
95.4
95.0
95.5
96.1
83.7
90.6
95.5
IMPORT
1.1
4.6
5.0
4.5
3.9
16.3
9.4
4.5
-------
H-l
Engine Size Market Shares
Passenger Cars
Sales Fraction
100%
75%-
50%
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
25%
Figure H1
Passenger Car MPG by Model Year
and Number of Cylinders
MPG
60
50
40
30
20
10
All Cars
6-CYL
-• VV-B—•—•—•-
4-CYL
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure H2
-------
H-2
Average Zero to 60 Acceleration
Passenger Cars
Time (seconds)
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Figure H3
Passenger Car Top Speed by Model Year
and Number of Cylinders
TOP SPEED (MPH)
140
130
120
110
100
90
4-CYL
3-CYL
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure H4
-------
H-3
Average Engine Horsepower
Passenger Cars
220
180
140
100
60
Horsepower
20
All Cars
4-cyl
3-cyl
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure H5
Average Engine Size
Passenger Cars
Cubic Inch Displacement
400
300
200
100
4-cyl
m . •-
3-cyl'
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure H6
-------
H-4
Horsepower per CID, 1975 to 1993 Cars
HP/CID
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure H7
-------
H-5
TABLE H-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
THREE CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
37
81
78
103
85
46
111
115
124
FRAC
.003
.007
.007
.010
.008
.005
.013
.015
.014
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT
51.9 66.1 57.4 1750 82.6
50.8 63.7 55.9 1750 84.6
46.0 58.1 50.8 1878 84.8
42.8 54.1 47.2 1866 86.6
43.4 53.8 47.5 1975 90.9
44.3 55.2 48.7 2021 87.9
43.6 55.3 48.2 2008 85.5
44.0 55.4 48.5 1998 86.9
43.9 55.9 48.6 1997 86.1
ENGINE
CID
61
61
63
65
64
63
62
61
61
HP
48
46
51
54
55
54
56
55
55
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
16.1 95.8
16.3 94.8
16.2 96.0
15.4 97.6
15.9 97.0
16.2 96.4
15.6 97.5
15.8 97.1
15.8 97.2
HP/
CID
.787
.759
.810
.824
.843
.854
.907
.900
.901
HP/
UT
.0274
.0264
.0271
.0286
.0276
.0269
.0280
.0277
.0278
TON
-MPG
50.4
49.8
48.1
44.8
47.6
50.3
49.2
49.2
49.3
CU-FT
-MPG
4756
4809
4369
4168
4446
4437
4232
4304
4283
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4161
4208
4074
3871
4331
4440
4232
4288
4262
OF THREE CYLINDER CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.0
100.0
89.0
94.5
100.0
100.0
4UD
11.0
11.0
5.5
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT
90.1
64.7
73.5 8.6 8.6
76.5 14.7 1.5 13.2
64.3 70.5 57.5 13.0
77.7 94.3 70.1 24.2
61.0 97.5 89.7 7.8
52.3 99.5 94.8 4.8
52.5 100.0 95.6 4.4
CARB
100.0
100.0
91.4
85.3
29.5
5.7
2.5
.5
DSL
VEHICLE
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SIZE
MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM
EUR
ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
H-6
TABLE H-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
FOUR CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1805
2017
2287
2926
3157
4511
4469
4251
4158
5744
5865
6462
6679
6333
5671
4925
4842
4077
4540
FRAC
.219
.207
.202
.262
.292
.478
.512
.544
.520
.538
.543
.587
.622
.590
.566
.557
.567
.522
.499
FUEL
CITY
20.8
22.8
24.8
24.7
23.6
24.4
26.0
26.7
27.1
27.1
27.3
27.1
26.9
27.5
26.9
26.4
26.5
26.3
26.8
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
30.6
33.1
35.3
34.3
33.0
34.3
36.2
38.2
38.2
38.7
38.9
38.6
38.4
39.0
38.6
38.1
38.5
38.8
39.5
24.3
26.5
28.7
28.3
27.1
28.1
29.8
30.9
31.2
31.4
31.5
31.3
31.1
31.7
31.1
30.6
30.8
30.8
31.3
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
2651
2613
2523 86.8
2511 88.9
2564 90.1
2573 93.0
2555 97.7
2595 97.8
2622 101.2
2655 100.3
2671 101.7
2719 102.5
2732 102.1
2739 101.8
2794 101.5
2857 100.8
2846 100.9
2893 101.2
2884 101.0
ENGINE
CID HP
112
111
106
108
110
116
115
114
118
119
120
121
121
118
120
122
120
120
120
79
77
78
77
77
78
79
78
81
85
90
91
92
95
100
108
108
113
112
0-60
TIME
15.1
15.2
14.6
14.7
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.6
13.1
12.6
12.5
12.3
12.3
TOP
SPEED
102.1
101.7
102.8
102.7
102.0
102.4
102.9
102.1
103.1
104.7
106.7
106.5
107.0
107.9
109.7
112.4
112.7
114.1
113.6
HP/
CID
.716
.706
.742
.727
.707
.681
.693
.686
.694
.718
.752
.753
.772
.805
.840
.901
.913
.949
.939
HP/
WT
.0298
.0296
.0308
.0308
.0300
.0303
.0308
.0300
.0307
.0320
.0336
.0332
.0336
.0343
.0357
.0378
.0380
.0390
.0387
TON
-MPG
32.4
34.8
36.6
36.0
35.0
36.4
38.4
40.3
41.3
42.0
42.4
42.8
42.8
43.7
43.7
43.9
44.1
44.8
45.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON -MPG
2556
2580
2491
2662
2953
3061
3213
3192
3251
3244
3207
3268
3196
3118
3150
3154
3201
3191
3208
3165
3394
3747
3951
4174
4208
4317
4389
4365
4448
4434
4434
4456
4534
4587
PERCENT OF FOUR CYLINDER CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976-
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992 .'
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
25.2
22.0
28.3
31.8
33.5
44.8
60.6
72.1
76.2
81.3
84.0
89.5
92.0
94.1
93.2
93.2
92.5
90.1
90.0
1.2
1.0
.9
.9
5.1
1.4
3.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.1
1.0
.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
68.9
63.9
69.5
67.4
65.9
60.3
55.2
49.5
46.8
40.0
38.1
36.5
34.4
35.2
31.8
30.6
31.2
31.5
32.4
1.7
21.4
26.2
30.4
31.8
37.0
43.0
50.3
53.5
57.9
60.9
59.8
59.4
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
14.4
6.7
11.9
10.4
7.0
9.1
7.5
18.7
32.7
43.7
52.3
63.3
68.1
78.5
84.9
98.2
99.9
100.0
100.0
11.2
21.0
28.3
33.6
38.9
43.2
45.9
41.3
35.3
31.0
10.7
9.0
14.4
6.7
11.9
10.4
7.0
9.1
7.5
7.5
11.7
15.4
18.7
24.4
24.9
32.7
43.7
62.9
68.9
89.3
91.0
CARB
84.8
92.7
86.3
87.8
90.9
87.3
88.5
78.7
66.3
54.7
46.9
36.3
31.8
21.5
15.0
1.7
DSL
.8
.6
1.8
1.7
2.1
3.6
4.0
2.6
1.0
1.6
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
98.7
99.4
99.3
97.6
95.8
89.5
82.7
83.8
79.3
85.0
81.6
79.3
81.3
87.2
86.3
88.9
90.8
88.0
89.3
1.3
.6
.7
2.4
4.2
10.5
17.3
16.2
20.7
15.0
18.4
20.6
18.5
12.6
13.5
11.0
9.0
11.7
10.5
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIAN
29.5
36.3
19.9
31.1
42.0
45.5
50.9
54.1
53.5
63.4
58.5
55.3
49.6
45.0
44.2
36.0
36.9
36.5
36.9
32.1
22.1
24.1
20.9
16.0
14.9
9.5
8.7
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.6
5.3
5.1
4.6
4.5
4.4
38.4
41.5
56.0
48.0
42.0
39.6
39.7
37.2
39.3
29.4
34.1
37.5
43.3
48.4
50.5
58.8
58.5
59.0
58.7
-------
H-7
TABLE H-3 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
FIVE CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
5 .001
12 .001
12 .001
39 .003
43 .004
66 .007
59 .007
58 .007
64 .008
116 .011
99 .009
71 .006
44 .004
18 .002
15 .002
18 .002
15 .002
16 .002
34 .004
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
23.9
22.2
23.0
18.4
20.5
20.8
22.4
23.9
24.5
21.5
21.0
20.0
20.5
20.7
20.5
20.5
20.7
22.6
22.6
HWY 55/45
31.4
27.8
27.7
25.1
26.5
29.0
30.5
31.7
32.2
29.9
29.2
29.2
29.8
30.7
29.6
29.7
31.4
33.4
34.8
26.8
24.4
24.9
20.9
22.8
23.8
25.4
26.9
27.4
24.6
24.0
23.3
23.9
24.3
23.8
23.8
24.5
26.5
26.8
WGHT
LB
3500
4000
4000
3411
3596
3357
3358
3601
3660
3326
3360
3035
3095
3047
3415
3407
3460
3460
3516
VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
CU-FT CID
183
183
105.0 183
103.6 152
106.0 162
105.3 152
105.3 155
105.8 163
106.1 165
110.3 148
110.2 151
111.0 136
110.7 139
104.6 140
108.5 140
105.1 141
106.7 142
100.7 149
105.7 149
HP TIME SPEED CID
77 19.3 95.4 .421
77 21.4 93.0 .421
77 21.4 93.0 .421
102 15.1 105.7 .690
100 16.1 103.5 .636
92 16.3 102.4 .630
98 15.6 104.4 .650
114 14.3 108.1 .705
114 14.5 107.6 .696
109 13.9 108.5 .748
117 13.3 111.3 .788
116 12.3 113.9 .854
127 11.7 117.4 .914
129 11.4 118.6 .920
135 12.0 117.4 .969
138 11.8 118.4 .980
141 11.9 118.9 1.002
164 10.5 127.3 1.098
171 10.2 129.1 1.147
HP/
UT
.0220
.0192
.0192
.0306
.0284
.0281
.0297
.0319
.0313
.0330
.0352
.0383
.0409
.0422
.0398
.0406
.0407
.0474
.0486
TON
-MPG
46.8
48.8
49.8
37.0
42.3
41.6
44.0
49.9
51.4
42.1
41.1
35.6
37.4
37.3
40.7
41.0
43.1
46.2
47.4
CU-FT
-MPG
2613
2202
2462
2593
2739
2896
2949
2742
2661
2595
2661
2552
2585
2527
2658
2691
2853
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
5227
3821
4499
4399
4671
5300
5462
4619
4509
3949
4132
3894
4430
4319
4615
4663
5014
OF FIVE CYLINDER CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
58.9
40.4
56.6
51.0
37.1
32.2 .8
65 -.8 2.6
63.1 4.1
84.9 12.6
70.4 24.0
60.5 36.0
86.8 10.9
74.5 19.0
69.0 16.4
86.2
90.8 3.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
8.1
8.9
18.5
21.5
11.0
11.7
18.2
15.6
28.4
36.5
56.1
29.2
30.8
24.5
16.0
15.7
LOCK
55:2
70.2
78.3
FUEL
FI -
58.9
38.0
41.9
40.8
35.3
29.0
68.4
67.3
97.5
94.4
96.5
97.7
93.5
85.4
86.2
94.1
METERING
TBI
PORT CARB
58.9
38.0
41.9
40.8
35.3
29.0
68.4
67.3
97.5
94.4
96.5
97.7
93.5
85.4
86.2
94.1
VEHICLE SIZE
DSL SMALL MID LARGE
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
41.1 100.0
62.0 94.1 5.9
58.1 95.2 4.8
59.2 96.0 4.0
64.7 94.7 5.3
71.0 95.9 4.1
31.6 47.5 52.5
32.7 45.3 54.7
2.5 30.2 69.8
5.6 36.6 63.4
3.5 57.4 42.6
2.3 21.4 78.6
6.5 39.6 60.4
14.6 38.9 61.1
13.8 100.0
5.9 56.1 43.9
DESIGNED
DOM
EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.0
53.1
ASIAN
77.0
46.9
-------
H-8
TABLE H-4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
SIX CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1533
1935
1851
2325
2187
2644
2394
2080
1858
2455
2498
2694
2489
2985
3157
2985
2633
2691
3369
OF SIX
FRAC
.186
.199
.164
.208
.203
.280
.274
.266
.232
.230
.232
.245
.232
.278
.315
.338
.308
.345
.370
CYLINDER
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.5
22.0
14.2
19.5
22.4
31.5
48.6
63.4
73.0
83.8
84.1
86.2
87.8
88.9
87.9
4UD
1.5
.8
1.1
1.7
.9
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.4
.6
.5
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE
CITY HUY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP
16.2 22.1 18.4 3625 225 105
17.1 23.0 19.3 3715 231 100
17.3 23.3 19.6 3753 106.6 229 105
17.7 24.6 20.2 3482 108.6 221 107
17.9 24.6 20.4 3421 108.8 217 109
18.8 26.5 21.6 3332 111.0 213 110
19.6 27.8 22.6 3382 111.6 215 110
19.7 28.9 23.0 3404 112.9 213 114
20.3 30.1 23.8 3373 111.0 211 116
20.5 30.5 24.1 3364 111.3 205 117
20.3 31.2 24.1 3387 111.8 206 124
20.8 32.8 24.9 3377 112.0 200 134
20.8 33.7 25.1 3414 112.9 198 143
21.4 34.8 25.9 3397 113.6 193 142
21.2 34.6 25.7 3423 114.8 194 146
20.9 34.5 25.4 3504 114.0 197 150
20.9 34.2 25.3 3490 113.6 197 156
20.8 34.3 25.2 3511 114.1 201 159
21.2 34.5 25.7 3505 112.8 200 162
CARS:
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
0-60
TIME
15.
16.
16.
14.
14.
13.
14.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
7
7
1
8
4
9
1
8
6
4
9
1
6
5
4
4
0
9
7
TOP
SPEED
105.1
102.5
104.1
106.7
107.6
109.0
108.5
109.8
110.7
111.2
113.5
117.3
120.1
119.9
121.3
121.9
124.0
125.1
126.2
HP/
CID
.485
.445
.471
.495
.508
.530
.522
.548
.565
.586
.617
.683
.733
.744
.762
.773
.796
.804
.822
VEHICLE SIZE
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
19.3 8.3 8.3 91.7
15.2 4.7 4.7 95.3
11.9 6.7 6.7 93.3
9.1 8.3 5.3 5.3 94.7
9.1 8.2 6.9 6.9 93.1
8.2 25.7 4.3 4.3 95.5
5.4 58.8 6.8 6.8 92.9
5.3 89.3 17.8 8.0 9.8 79.6 2
6.6 90.1 12.3 12.3 85.7 2
6.1 91.9 29.8 8.8 21.0 68.8 1
6.3, 92.7 62.7 21.6 41.1 36.7
6.9 91.1 80.1 15.4 64.7 19.6
7.9 89.2 96.7 7.9 88.8 2.5
5.8 92.5 99.9 2.3 97.6 .1
5.0 93.1 100.0 .2 99.8
3.9 94.3 100.0 .1 99.8
4.3 93.7 99.9 99.9
6.1 90.9 100.0 .1 99.9
5.0 91.9 100.0 .1 99.8
.2
.3
.6
.0
.4
.6
.3
.8
.1
SMALL MID
92.4 6.9
84.0 15.2
74.8 22.9
54.0 43.9
40.5 57.8
29.0 66.6
23.1 70.5
25.0 65.1
31.7 64.0
29.9 67.0
30.1 56.0
35.0 43.6
38.1 37.9
33.1 46.1
19.1 61.2
19.4 61.1
20.3 62.4
26.5 55.5
29.4 49.7
LARGE
.7
.8
2.3
2.1
1.7
4.4
6.4
10.0
4.3
3.1
13.9
21.4
24.0
20.8
19.7
19.5
17.3
18.0
20.9
HP/
UT
.0295
.0273
.0284
.0311
.0319
.0334
.0328
.0338
.0346
.0350
.0368
.0398
.0419
.0418
.0429
.0430
.0448
.0455
.0464
TON
-MPG
33.5
36.0
36.9
35.3
34.9
36.0
38.3
39.3
40.2
40.5
40.8
42.2
42.9
44.0
44.0
44.6
44.2
44.3
45.0
CU-FT
-MPG
2095
2206
2224
2407
2527
2614
2654
2684
2697
2805
2847
2952
2956
2911
2887
2887
2904
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
3955
3844
3814
4004
4283
4457
4481
4515
4566
4745
4862
5017
5059
5100
5040
5069
5092
DESIGNED
DOM
89.1
93.3
93.1
94.0
92.5
95.5
92.9
88.8
87.1
88.3
86.9
86.8
78.4
84.0
84.1
83.4
82.8
80.3
79.3
EUR
4.2
2.7
2.3
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
2.3
3.0
3.3
3.7
5.3
7.2
6.7
6.1
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.2
ASIAN
6.7
4.0
4.7
4.5
6.1
3.3
5.9
8.9
9.9
8.3
9.3
7.9
14.4
9.3
9.8
12.0
12.7
15.2
16.5
-------
H-9
TABLE H-5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
EIGHT CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
4840
5728
7132
5882
5354
2169
1778
1377
1859
2316
2229
1651
1387
1247
1070
842
925
899
1016
FRAC
.588
.589
.631
.526
.496
.230
.204
.176
.232
.217
.207
.150
.129
.116
.107
.095
.108
.115
.112
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT
11.6 16.6 13.4 4732
13.2 t8.5 15.1 4689
14.1 19.7 16.2 4450 119.0
14.9 21.4 17.2 4166 119.2
15.4 21.4 17.6 4060 120.6
16.4 24.0 19.1 3920 120.6
17.1 26.0 20.2 3973 123.0
17.0 26.5 20.3 3940 123.4
16.8 26.4 20.1 3946 125.0
17.0 26.8 20.3 3913 122.3
18.1 28.8 21.7 3895 122.8
18.6 30.1 22.5 3815 120.2
18.4 29.6 22.2 3846 120.2
18.7 30.4 22.6 3854 121.5
18.7 30.7 22.7 3831 121.5
18.2 30.1 22.2 3949 121.7
18.6 31.1 22.7 3927 121.6
18.8 30.9 22.8 4002 123.2
18.7 31.4 22.9 4030 125.5
ENGINE
CID HP
376 167
368 165
348 158
335 154
324 149
309 135
307 133
305 138
298 143
300 144
296 151
299 152
299 155
301 164
300 160
296 173
298 198
296 203
294 209
0-60
TIME
13.4
13.4
13.2
12.8
12.9
13.6
14.0
13.5
12.9
12.8
12.4
12.0
12.0
11.6
11.6
11.3
10.0
10.0
9.8
TOP
SPEED
116.7
116.2
116.1
117.0
116.2
112.8
111.8
114.0
115.2
116.0
118.3
119.7
120.5
123.3
122.4
125.3
133.9
134.8
136.5
HP/
CID
.446
.448
.455
.460
.460
.439
.440
.457
.482
.483
.509
.511
.520
.544
.535
.593
.670
.692
.720
HP/
UT
.0354
.0352
.0356
.0371
.0368
.0346
.0337
.0355
.0364
.0371
.0389
.0403
.0407
.0430
.0423
.0441
.0508
.0511
.0523
TON
-MPG
32.0
35.6
36.1
36.1
35.9
37.9
40.9
40.5
39.8
39.8
42.3
42.9
42.7
43.6
43.5
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.2
CU-FT
-MPG
1939
2085
2145
2343
2538
2537
2519
2491
2670
2712
2676
2754
2765
2709
2773
2822
2888
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4305
4317
4344
4616
5071
5054
4999
4915
5227
5201
5177
5349
5339
5382
5489
5677
5843
OF EIGHT CYLINDER CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.1
3.7
7.6
8.8
5.5
9.6
9.3
18.2
12.2
14.2
16.4
21.2
27.4
22.2
22.2
21.8
4WD
.1
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT
.6 .7 .7
.2 1.4 1.4
.0 1.1 1.1
.2 9.5 1.9 1.9
.4 12.9 2.2 2.2
.8 40.5 4.4 3.0 1.4
1.1 80.4 13.8 13.0 .8
3.9 90.8 10.4 9.1 1.3
3.5 95.5 35.4 34.4 1.0
3.2 95.8 37.6 32.5 5.2
2.5 96.0 47.4 42.4 5.1
4.3 93.2 48.4 12.2 36.2
4.4 92.4 55.9 13.9 42.0
6.2 91.5 76.2 19.8 56.4
7.2 90.3 90.9 36.9 54.0
6.5 91.7 96.1 13.3 82.8
5.0 92.8 100.0 28.4 71.6
5.1 92.7 100.0 20.7 79.3
3.8 94.2 100.0 17.0 83.0
VEHICLE SIZE
CARS DSL
99.3
98.6
98.9
97.5
95.3 2
85.8 9
69.5 16
77.9 11
62.4 2
61.7
52.5
51.6
44.1
23.8
9.1
3.9
.6
.6
.8
.8
.7
.2
.7
.1
SMALL MID
27.0 37.0
29.9 37.4
30.6 32.7
14.2 46.8
13.3 42.8
9.9 46.4
8.8 39.9
16.7 27.3
12.7 26.6
17.7 24.6
14.9 26.4
19.8 31.7
20.8 29.1
23.3 17.1
22.2 10.6
15.8 17.0
21.2 15.9
16.8 16.0
10.8 16.6
LARGE
36.0
32.7
36.7
39.0
43.9
43.7
51.3
55.9
60.7
57.7
58.8
48.4
50.1
59.6
67.2
67.2
62.9
67.2
72.5
DESIGNED
DOM
99.6
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.2
99.2
98.7
99.0
98.9
98.4
97.4
96.7
97.5
97.4
91.4
91.4
90.9
90.3
EUR
.4
.2
.2
.3
.4
.8
.8
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.9
ASIAN
6.4
6.3
6.8
6.8
-------
H-10
TABLE H-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
FOUR CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
221
225
306
342
481
584
522
517
744
1083
1253
1802
1539
1247
1121
770
905
728
707
OF FOUR
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.112
.086
.108
.105
.156
.314
.287
.270
.324
.324
.342
.414
.372
.274
.253
.202
.224
.165
.149
CITY
18.7
20.4
22.9
23.3
20.3
21.5
24.2
24.4
24.1
23.4
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.4
23.0
23.4
23.2
23.1
23.0
HWY 55/45
27.1
29.6
32.4
31.1
27.9
28.9
32.5
32.3
32.3
31.3
30.9
31.4
31.6
31.7
31.1
31.5
31.2
31.5
31.5
21.7
23.7
26.4
26.2
23.1
24.3
27.3
27.4
27.2
26.4
26.1
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.0
26.5
26.2
26.3
26.2
WGHT
LB
2856
2831
2824
2849
2850
2842
2861
2897
2924
3064
3157
3159
3122
3123
3184
3155
3243
3229
3256
ENGINE 0-60 TOP
CID HP TIME SPEED
120 88 14.8 104.5
117 89 14.7 105.0
122 90 14.3 105.7
120 88 14.7 104.2
123 84 15.0 102.7
124 86 14.7 103.8
130 84 15.2 102.6
132 86 15.1 103.3
135 87 14.9 103.5
135 90 15.1 103.3
141 97 14.8 105.4
139 97 14.5 105.4
139 97 14.5 105.4
139 97 14.5 105.4
143 104 13.9 107.6
141 108 13.4 109.7
143 109 13.7 109.1
142 111 13.4 110.2
142 112 13.4 110.1
HP/
CID
.740
.756
.747
.730
.687
.699
.648
.652
.649
.666
.691
.698
.698
.698
.725
.767
.763
.788
.790
HP/
UT
.0312
.0317
.0323
.0310
.0297
.0306
.0295
.0300
.0301
.0295
.0310
.0309
.0311
.0310
.0327
.0345
.0337
.0347
.0345
TON
-MPG
31.2
33.7
37.6
37.7
33.6
35.1
39.9
40.4
40.3
40.8
41.5
41.7
41.3
41.6
41.6
42.0
42.6
42.6
42.8
CYLINDER TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
4.5
6.4
6.2
4.2
15.1
20.7
14.1
10.4
7.8
16.8
10.6
5.5
9.7
12.0
4UD
6.8
20.5
22.2
24.5
23.3
19.2
21.3
21.7
24.7
26.4
26.8
21.7
23.8
18.8
20.7
25.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
83.7
81.4
82.3
88.1
86.4
90.0
92.9
88.9
84.8
75.9
65.9
72.6
73.4
76.9
68.4
75.3
69.6
70.4
68.1
LOCK
2.1
1.4
7.3
12.1
10.8
12.1
12.0
13.2
20.9
28.2
27,5
29.6
FUEL
FI
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5,3
3.9
2.4
2.0
7.9
27.7
34.8
38.9
60.4
79.2
85.2
93.1
94.0
92.8
METERING
TBI PORT
18.5 16.3
23.0 15.9
30.7 29.8
41.6 37.7
24.0 61.3
29.8 63.3
29.0 64.9
23.0 69.9
VEHICLE
CARB DSL SMALL
99.5 100.0
99.3 100.0
99.3 100.0
99.2 100.0
98.2 99.2
92.8 1.9 89.4
80.6 15.5 90.4
82.0 15.6 86.6
92.5 5.6 92.0
88.8 3.3 79.6
71.1 1.2 86.0
64.4 .8 86.5
60.8 .2 86.1
39.6 87.1
20.8 87.2
14.8 72.2
6.9 75.0
6.0 71.9
7.2 61.1
SIZE
MID LARGE
.8
10.6
9.6
13.4
8.0
20.4
14.0
13.5
13.9
12.9
12.8
27.8
25.0
28.1
38.9
DESIGNED
DOM
2.7
2.7
2.6
12.9
34.1
32.5
42.2
30.7
29.7
38.6
45.0
34.8
39.3
37.0
36.7
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
97.3
97.4
87.1
65.9
67.5
57.8
69.3
70.3
61.4
55.0
65.2
60.7
63.0
63.3
-------
H-9
TABLE H-5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
EIGHT CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
4840
5728
7132
5882
5354
2169
1778
1377
1859
2316
2229
1651
1387
1247
1070
842
925
899
1016
FRAC
.588
.589
.631
.526
.496
.230
.204
.176
.232
.217
.207
.150
.129
.116
.107
.095
.108
.115
.112
FUEL ECONOMY UGHT VOL ENGINE
CITY HUY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP
11.6 16.6 13.4 4732 376 167
13.2 18.5 15.1 4689 368 165
14.1 19.7 16.2 4450 119.0 348 158
14.9 21.4 17.2 4166 119.2 335 154
15.4 21.4 17.6 4060120.6 324 149
16.4 24.0 19.1 3920 120.6 309 135
17.1 26.0 20.2 3973 123.0 307 133
17.0 26.5 20.3 3940 123.4 305 138
16.8 26.4 20.1 3946 125.0 298 143
17.0 26.8 20.3 3913 122.3 300 144
18.1 28.8 21.7 3895 122.8 296 151
18.6 30.1 22.5 3815 120.2 299 152
18.4 29.6 22.2 3846 120.2 299 155
18.7 30.4 22.6 3854 121.5 301 164
18.7 30.7 22.7 3831 121.5 300 160
18.2 30.1 22.2 3949 121.7 296 173
18.6 31.1 22.7 3927 121.6 298 198
18.8 30.9 22.8 4002 123.2 296 203
18.7 31.4 22.9 4030 125.5 294 209
0-60
TIME
13
13
13
12
12
13
14
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
10
9
.4
.4
.2
.8
.9
.6
.0
.5
.9
.8
.4
.0
.0
.6
.6
.3
.0
.0
.8
TOP
SPEED
116.7
116.2
116.1
117.0
116.2
112.8
111.8
114.0
115.2
116.0
118.3
119.7
120.5
123.3
122.4
125.3
133.9
134.8
136.5
HP/
CID
.446
.448
.455
.460
.460
.439
.440
.457
.482
.483
.509
.511
.520
.544
.535
.593
.670
.692
.720
HP/
UT
.0354
.0352
.0356
.0371
.0368
.0346
.0337
.0355
.0364-
.0371
.0389
.0403
.0407
.0430
.0423
.0441
.0508
.0511
.0523
TON
-MPG
32.0
35.6
36.1
36.1
35.9
37.9
40.9
40.5
39.8
39.8
42.3
42.9
42.7
43.6
43.5
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.2
CU-FT
-MPG
1939
2085
2145
2343
2538
2537
2519
2491
2670
2712
2676
2754
2765
2709
2773
2822
2888
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4305
4317
4344
4616
5071
5054
4999
4915
5227
5201
5177
5349
5339
5382
5489
5677
5843
OF EIGHT CYLINDER CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.1
3.7
7.6
8.8
5.5
9.6
9.3
18.2
12.2
14.2
16.4
21.2
27.4
22.2
22.2
21.8
4UD
.1
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
VEHICLE SIZE
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
.6 .7 .7 99.3
.2 1.4 1.4 98.6
.0 1.1 1.1 98.9
.2 9.5 1.9 1.9 97.5
.4 12.9 2.2 2.2 95.3 2.
.8 40.5 4.4 3.0 1.4 85.8 9.
1.1 80.4 13.8 13.0 .8 69.5 16.
3.9 90.8 10.4 9.1 1.3 77.9 11.
3.5 95.5 35.4 34.4 1.0 62.4 2.
3.2 95.8 37.6 32.5 5.2 61.7
2.5 96.0 47.4 42.4 5.1 52.5
4.3 93.2 48.4 12.2 36.2 51.6
4.4 92.4 55.9 13.9 42.0 44.1
6.2 91.5 76.2 19.8 56.4 23.8
7.2 90.3 90.9 36.9 54.0 9.1
6.5 91.7 96.1 13.3 82.8 3.9
5.0 92.8 100.0 28.4 71.6
5.1 92.7 100.0 20.7 79.3
3.8 94.2 100.0 17.0 83.0
6
6
8
8
7
2
7
1
SMALL MID
27.0 37.0
29.9 37.4
30.6 32.7
14.2 46.8
13.3 42.8
9.9 46.4
8.8 39.9
16.7 27.3
12.7 26.6
17.7 24.6
14.9 26.4
19.8 31.7
20.8 29.1
23.3 17.1
22.2 10.6
15.8 17.0
21.2 15.9
16.8 16.0
10.8 16.6
LARGE
36.0
32.7
36.7
39.0
43.9
43.7
51.3
55.9
60.7
57.7
58.8
48.4
50.1
59.6
67.2
67.2
62.9
67.2
72.5
DESIGNED
DOM
99.6
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.2
99.2
98.7
99.0
98.9
98.4
97.4
96.7
97.5
97.4
91.4
91.4
90.9
90.3
EUR
.4
.2
.2
.3
.4
.8
.8
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.9
ASIAN
6.4
6.3
6.8
6.8
-------
H-10
TABLE H-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
FOUR CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
221
225
306
342
481
584
522
517
744
1083
1253
1802
1539
1247
1121
770
905
728
707
OF FOUR
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.112
.086
.108
.105
.156
.314
.287
.270
.324
.324
.342
.414
.372
.274
.253
.202
.224
.165
.149
CITY
18.7
20.4
22.9
23.3
20.3
21.5
24.2
24.4
24.1
23.4
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.4
23.0
23.4
23.2
23.1
23.0
HUY 55/45
27.1
29.6
32.4
31.1
27.9
28.9
32.5
32.3
32.3
31.3
30.9
31.4
31.6
31.7
31.1
31.5
31.2
31.5
31.5
21.7
23.7
26.4
26.2
23.1
24.3
27.3
27.4
27.2
26.4
26.1
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.0
26.5
26.2
26.3
26.2
UGHT
LB
2856
2831
2824
2849
2850
2842
2861
2897
2924
3064
3157
3159
3122
3123
3184
3155
3243
3229
3256
ENGINE 0-60 TOP
CID HP TIME SPEED
120 88 14.8 104.5
117 89 14.7 105.0
122 90 14.3 105.7
120 88 14.7 104.2
123 84 15.0 102.7
124 86 14.7 103.8
130 84 15.2 102.6
132 86 15.1 103.3
135 87 14.9 103.5
135 90 15.1 103.3
141 97 14.8 105.4
139 97 14.5 105.4
139 97 14.5 105.4
139 97 14.5 105.4
143 104 13.9 107.6
141 108 13.4 109.7
143 109 13.7 109.1
142 111 13.4 110.2
142 112 13.4 110.1
HP/
CID
.740
.756
.747
.730
.687
.699
.648
.652
.649
.666
.691
.698
.698
.698
.725
.767
.763
.788
.790
HP/
UT
.0312
.0317
.0323
.0310
.0297
.0306
.0295
.0300
.0301
.0295
.0310
.0309
.0311
.0310
.0327
.0345
.0337
.0347
.0345
TON
-MPG
31.2
33.7
37.6
37.7
33.6
35.1
39.9
40.4
40.3
40.8
41.5
41.7
41.3
41.6
41.6
42.0
42.6
42.6
42.8
CYLINDER TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
4.5
6.4
6.2
4.2
15.1
20.7
14.1
10.4
7.8
16.8
10.6
5.5
9.7
12.0
4UD
6.8
20.5
22.2
24.5
23.3
19.2
21.3
21.7
24.7
26.4
26.8
21.7
23.8
18.8
20.7
25.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
83.7
81.4
82.3
88.1
86.4
90.0
92.9
88.9
84.8
75.9
65.9
72.6
73.4
76.9
68.4
75.3
69.6
70.4
68.1
LOCK
2.1
1.4
7.3
12.1
10.8
12.1
12.0
13.2
20.9
28.2
27.5
29.6
FUEL
FI
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.3
3.9
2.4
2.0
7.9
27.7
34.8
38.9
60.4
79.2
85.2
93.1
94.0
92.8
METERING
TBI PORT
18.5 16.3
23.0 15.9
30.7 29.8
41.6 37.7
24.0 61.3
29.8 63.3
29.0 64.9
23.0 69.9
VEHICLE
CARB DSL SMALL
99.5 100.0
99.3 100.0
99.3 100.0
99.2 100.0
98.2 99.2
92.8 1.9 89.4
80.6 15.5 90.4
82.0 15.6 86.6
92.5 5.6 92.0
88.8 3.3 79.6
71.1 1.2 86.0
64.4 .8 86.5
60.8 .2 86.1
39.6 87.1
20.8 87.2
14.8 72.2
6.9 75.0
6.0 71.9
7.2 61.1
SIZE
MID LARGE
.8
10.6
9.6
13.4
8.0
20.4
14.0
13.5
13.9
12.9
12.8
27.8
25.0
28.1
38.9
DESIGNED
DOM
2.7
2.7
2.6
12.9
34.1
32.5
42.2
30.7
29.7
38.6
45.0
34.8
39.3
37.0
36.7
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
97.3
97.4
87.1
65.9
67.5
57.8
69.3
70.3
61.4
55.0
65.2
60.7
63.0
63.3
-------
H-ll
TABLE H-7 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
SIX CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
272
445
410
558
515
555
636
642
751
1200
1217
1379
1689
2063
2104
1951
2386
2616
2798
OF SIX
FRAC
.137
.170
.145
.171
.167
.298
.350
.336
.327
.359
.332
.317
.409
.453
.474
.513
.590
.592
.592
CYLINDER
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
8.7
15.2
11.9
26.1
14.5
17.1
21.3
4UD
5.1
10.7
14.2
14.6
19.5
18.3
14.5
12.8
32.4
41.2
43.0
37.8
36.2
35.5
35.0
31.8
41.6
41.3
37.0
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
14.9 19.7
16.1 21.2
16.6 21.4
16.1 20.7
15.7 19.6
16.7 22.3
17.5 23.4
18.4 25.2
18.3 25.8
18.0 25.5
18.5 26.7
18.2 25.7
18.5 26.8
18.5 27.1
18.4 26.6
18.4 26.9
18.3 26.9
17.8 26.2
18.1 27.0
TRUCKS:
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
18.8
35.5
32.4
32.0
61.0 3.4
61.9 20.8
57.3 24.3
52.5 31.2
48.5 36.3
41.4 36.1
37.7 51.9
33.3 54.4
26.7 66.3
26.5 67.5
25.6 69.5
20.1 76.9
23.3 75.7
19.5 78.8
20.0 78.4
16.8
18.1
18.4
17.9
17.2
18.8
19.7
20.9
21.1
20.8
21.5
20.9
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.8
21.3
FUEL
FI
.5
58.3
89.8
98.5
98.3
98.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
UGHT
LB
3960
3936
3956
3973
4066
4016
3956
3693
3754
3729
3704
3793
3756
3779
3887
3952
3989
4096
4060
METERING
TBI PORT
.5
34.7 23.5
36.5 53.2
38.2 60.3
39.2 59.1
32.0 66.6
40.5 59.5
23.6 76.4
16.2 83.8
ENGINE
CID HP
269 102
267 102
271 110
273 116
264 122
268 118
272 119
243 113
229 112
221 110
216 117
218 129
214 141
218 146
227 148
220 147
228 153
233 154
232 163
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
16.9 101.5
16.7 101.8
15.9 104.2
15.2 106.0
14.8 107.5
15.1 106.5
14.8 107.2
14.6 107.2
15.0 106.3
15.1 105.8
14.5 108.3
13.6 111.9
12.6 116.3
12.2 117.8
12.4 117.6
12.6 116.7
12.3 118.2
12.5 117.9
11.9 121.0
VEHICLE
CARB DSL SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.3
99.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5
41.6
10.2
1.5
1.7
1.4
3.0
8.3
10.6
.2 9.8
.7 10.9
.9 6.4
4.6
31.3
48.0
56.5
63.7
.1 66.3
72.7
73.8
73.0
75.6
80.4
75.3
66.7
HP/
CID
.383
.387
.407
.426
.465
.445
.442
.481
.510
.523
.561
.623
.680
.689
.674
.687'
.685
.677
.715
SIZE
MID LARGE
97.0
91.7
89.4
90.2
89.1
93.6
95.4
68.7
52.0
43.5
36.3
33.7
27.3
26.2
27.0
24.4
19.6
24.7
33.3
HP/
UT
.0259
.0262
.0280
.0293
.0303
.0295
.0303
.0311
.0302
.0298
.0317
.0344
.0379
.0389
.0384
.0376
.0386
.0380
.0405
TON
-MPG
33.5
36.0
36.9
35.9
35.4
38.0
39.2
38.7
39.7
38.9
39.9
39.7
40.5
40.9
41.8
42.5
42.7
42.7
43.3
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
98.1
96.1
97.2
99.2
99.7
99.7
99.5
99.5
99.6
99.5
96.8
96.4
95.5
91.4
87.5
88.8
90.3
87.8
IMPORT
1.9
3.9
2.8
.8
.3
.3
.5
.5
.4
.5
3.2
3.6
4.5
8.6
12.5
11.2
9.7
12.2
-------
H-12
TABLE H-8 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
EIGHT CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1490
1938
2105
2372
2092
723
662
754
804
1062
1198
1169
906
1249
1210
1084
756
1076
1220
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.750
.742
.745
.725
.677
.388
.364
.394
.350
.317
.327
.269
.219
.274
.273
.285
.187
.243
.258
CITY
11.2
11.8
12.9
12.6
12.1
13.7
14.9
15.2
15.0
14.4
14.3
14.9
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.9
HWY 55/45
14.9
15.5
16.6
15.9
14.9
18.2
20.1
20.4
20.5
19.9
19.6
20.6
20.4
21.3
21.3
21.6
21.7
22.0
22.6
12.6
13.2
14.4
13.9
13.2
15.4
16.9
17.2
17.0
16.5
16.3
17.1
16.7
17.2
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.6
WGHT
LB
4275
4361
4362
4381
4620
4585
4405
4526
4547
4573
4555
4563
4637
4662
4663
4704
4667
4790
4778
ENGINE
CID HP
347 157
355 155
356 163
352 161
347 154
333 151
315 145
319 150
321 151
320 154
318 159
315 157
323 171
329 178
330 182
335 189
332 190
336 196
331 200
0-60
TIME
12.8
13.1
12.7
12.7
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.3
13.5
12.9
12.5
12.3
12.0
11.8
11.8
11.5
TOP
SPEED
117.3
116.1
118.2
117.6
113.8
112.9
112.4
113.2
113.5
114.2
115.7
114.9
118.5
120.4
121.9
123.4
124.2
124.9
126.1
HP/ HP/ TON
CID WT -MPG
.452 .0371 27.1
.437 .0360 28.9
.457 .0375 31.5
.458 .0370 30.8
.445 .0336 30.9
.453 .0331 35.9
.462 .0331 37.6
.473 .0335 39.9
.477 .0336 39.7
.485 .0340 38.3
.502 .0352 37.5
.498 .0345 39.2
.527 .0369 39.0
.538 .0383 40.2
.550 .0394 40.0
.562 .0404 40.3
.573 .0410 40.0
.583 .0412 41.3
.605 .0422 42.1
OF EIGHT CYLINDER TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.5
.1
4WD
21.8
28.4
28.9
35.5
17.0
32.5
22.0
24.0
25.6
29.3
27.4
29.9
31.3
36.1
36.3
35.6
35.0
33.3
37.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
33.4
29.2
24.5
24.4
17.0
16.3
13.6
10.2
7.4
8.5
-6.5
7.6
7.8
9.0
11.8
9.2
8.9
7.2
7.9
LOCK
2.2
47.3
62.1
56.3
68.2
62.4
63.8
75.7
60.1
70.2
75.1
83.3
88.3
90.6
90.5
FUEL
FI
8.1
28.5
71.7
97.2
98.4
98.8
98.8
99.5
99.7
METERING
TBI PORT
28.4
46.1 25.7
68.5 28.8
68.0 30.4
68.5 30.3
68.0 30.9
59.0 40.5
57.2 42.6
CARB DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9 1
97.5 2
93.4 6
96.8 3
87.0 13
91.7 8
96.0 4
89.9 2
70.2 1
27.5
2.1
1.0
.6
.5
.1
.5
.6
.2
.0
.3
.0
.0
.3
.8
.7
.6
.6
.7
.5
.3
VEHICLE
SMALL
2.6
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
.3
1.3
.4
.1
SIZE DESIGNED
MID LARGE DOM
97.4 100.0
98.8 100.0
98.6 100.0
98.4 100.0
98.2 100.0
99.0 100.0
99.7 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 99.8
100.0 99.7
100.0 99.6
100.0 99.6
98.7 99.5
99.6 99.7
99.9 99.6
IMPORT
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.3
.4
------- |