EPA-AA-TEB 74-1
    Emissions from a Pick-up Truck
Retrofitted with a Nissan Diesel Engine
               July 1973
 Emission Control Technology Division
   Office of Air § Water  Programs
   Environmental Protection Agency

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Background.-

An article appeared in a recent issue of Diesel ^ Gas
Turbine Progress discussing the retrofitting of pick-up
trucks with Chrysler-Nissan CN633 swirl chamber Diesel
engines, being offered by S§S Equipment Sales, Inc. of
West Chicago, Illinois.  This type of vehicle was of
interest to ECTD as it relates both to ECTD programs in
the areas of exhaust emissions from medium duty vehicles
and exhaust emissions from small Diesel engines which may
be applicable to passenger cars.  ECTD contacted Mr. John
Carini, President of S§S, and asked if he had any interest
in having one of his retrofitted vehicles emission tested
by EPA.                                    ;.

Mr. Carini was interested in having a vehicle tested since
many of his customers had asked him about the emission
characteristics of the engine.

Vehicle Tested

The vehicle tested was a 1973 Ford F-250 pick-up truck with
4-speed manual transmission, retrofitted with a Chrysler-Nissan
CN633 swirl chamber Diesel engine.  The engine has 6 cylinders
with 198 GIB.  At the time of testing slightly over 10,000
miles had been accumulated on the vehicle.

Test Program

It was decided to test the vehicle three times according to
the 1975 Federal Test Procedure described in the November 15,
1972, Federal Register, except that the evaporative emission
portion of the test was not included.  The second and third
tests were performed with the driver shifting at higher rpm
levels than the driving trace calls for.  This was done at
the request of Mr. Carini because the engine was not putting
out near maximum power at.the lower shift points.  For the
three tests these engine rpms were used for shifting points:

     Test 1:  normal driver's trace, approximately 2000 rpm

     Test 2:  shifting at 3000 rpm

     Test 3:  shifting at 3500 rpm

The vehicle was tested at 4500 Ibs. inertia weight.

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Test Results
The test results are presented below.  In addition to emission
results, fuel economy was calculated using a carbon balance
technique  (all emission numbers in gm/mi).
Test
16
16
16
-481
-485
-491 .
AVERAGE
HC
1.
1.
1.
1.
40
83
88
70
CO C02
3.
3.
3.
3.
70
88
84
81
442
467
473
461
.5
.4
.5
.0
NOx
1
1
1
1
.70
.67
.88
.71
MPG
22
21
20
21
.2
.3
.7
.4
Emissions'from- a 1973 Ford'F-100 pick-up, with 360 CID engine
and manual transmission were:

    HC              -CO           C02         NQx        MPG

    2.2             26           ---         2.0        9.9


Shifting at higher engine speed produced greater emissions
than the standard shift points.  When the driver was shifting
at 3500 rpm, the vehicle was still not quite able to keep up
with the driving trace (see attached).

Conclusions

Compared to a 1973 Ford F-100 pick-up with a 360 CID engine
and manual transmission, the retrofitted vehicle has slightly
lower HC and NOx emissions and about 85% lower CO emissions. .
Fuel economy for the Diesel pick-up was more than twice that
of the gasoline engine version.  Performance with the Diesel
engine was not sufficient to keep up with the LA-4 cycle during
the first two accelerations.
I'
t

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.  FEDERAL DRIVING. SCHEDULE VOLUME 36 NUMBER 55 MARCH 20," 1971
  (Driving Trace from Test 16-491, Shifting at 3500 RPM Engine Speed)

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