EPA-AA-TEB-80-19
NOx National Emission Inventory Estimates
Mark Wolcott
August 1980
Test and Evaluation Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Environmental Protection Agency
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NOx National Emission Inventory Estimates
This report presents the current and projected estimates of the national
emissions inventory for oxides of nitrogen (NOx). A description of the meth-
odology used to calculate the inventory is also provided. These inventories
were used in the acid rain analysis performed in support of the Draft Regu-
latory Analysis, Environmental Impact Statement and NOx Pollutant Specific
Study for Proposed Gaseous Emission for 1985 and Later Model Year Light Duty
Trucks and Heavy Duty Engines (referred to hereafter as the 1985 NOx Regu-
latory Analysis). (Reference 1.) The emphasis of this report, is on the
projected change in national NOx emissions from 1977 to 1999. The impact of
the proposed regulations on rain acidity is assumed to be proportional to
total NOx emissions. While the inventories were used to support the draft
regulatory analysis, they can also be used independently since an inventory is
presented for the currently promulgated regulations as well as for the pro-
posed regulations.
Acid rain is a term used to describe precipitation that is more acidic than
normal precipitation. Usually, the acid is either nitric or sulfuric. In
simplest terms, the amount of nitric acid in the air is assumed to be pro-
portional to the amount of NOx emitted into the atmosphere. Since trans-
portation sources contribute a large share of NOx to the atmosphere, regu-r
lations that reduce NOx are expected to decrease the nitric acid contribution
to acid rain.
Acid rain has been linked to declining fish populations in the Northeast. In
the Adirondack Mountains, 45 percent of the lakes above 600 altitude meters
are devoid of fish. Fifty years ago fish were absent from only 4 percent of
these same lakes. Foliage can also be affected. Tissue death, loss of leaf
area and accelerated loss of nutrients occurs in the presence of acid rain.
In addition, damage to certain materials has been reported. High acidity
seems to promote corrosion of steel and copper. (References 2, 3, and 4.)
Clearly, the potential economic cost of acid rain induced damage is large.
Base Year Emission Inventory
No attempt is made in this paper to assess the costs of acid rain. Instead, a
national NOx inventory and, therefore, the potential degree of rain acidity,
is developed from available data.
Total highway mobile source emissions were calculated for each of the three
regions of the country (low altitude 49-state, high altitude, and California).
Since the emission factors for the three regions are different, the number of
vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by each type of vehicle must be estimated for
each of the regions in order to calculate a total emissions inventory. The
procedure described in Reference 5 was used to distribute FHwA estimated VMT
among four vehicle classes: light duty vehicles (LDV), light duty trucks
(LOT), heavy duty gasoline trucks (HDG) and heavy duty diesel trucks (HDD).
The national VMT distibution by vehicle class was assumed to apply in each of
the three regions. However, no adjustment was made to account for the fact
that total VMT is accumulated under both urban and rural driving conditions.
Since the emission factors used to estimate future inventories assume that
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-3-
mileage is accumulated under only urban driving conditions, all VMT in each of
the three regions was also assumed to be accumulated under those conditions.
Further, since individual county VMT is not readily available for high
altitude counties, total Colorado VMT was used as a surrogate for high
altitude VMT. Low altitude 49-state VMT was assumed to equal total nationwide
VMT minus high altitude and California VMT.
Table 1 presents the highway mobile source NOx inventory for calendar year
1977. The emission factors came from a modified version of MOBILE1.
(Reference 6.) The modified emission estimates correspond to the emission
factors used in the regulatory analysis for 1985 and later LDT and HDV NOx.
VMT was derived from FHwA figures.
As Table 1 shows, light duty vehicles accounted for 55 percent of national
1977 highway mobile source NOx emissions. Light duty trucks accounted for 13
percent. Heavy duty gasoline and diesel trucks accounted for 11 and 21
percent, respectively, of total highway mobile source emissions.
Off-highway mobile sources, which are not listed in Table 1, include aircraft,
vessels and locomotives. The 1977 levels were estimated according to the
standard National Emissions Data System (NEDS) procedures and totaled
2,160,000 tons.
Table 2 presents the 1977 NEDS stationary area source NOx inventory.
(Reference 7.) These six categories also correspond to those used in the 1985
NOx Regulatory Analysis. During 1977, residential oil and gas combustion
accounted for 30 percent of total stationary area source NOx emissions.
Commercial oil and gas accounted for 24 percent of emissions. The industrial
coal and industrial oil and gas sources accounted for 7 and 20 percent, res-
pectively, of stationary area source NOx. All other stationary area sources
accounted for 18 percent.
All stationary area sources contributed 1,263,700 tons of NOx in 1977.
Stationary point sources, such as power plants, contributed 11,057,100 tons.
Finally, total mobile sources contributed 9,453,600 tons of NOx in 1977.
According to the estimation procedures described, a grand total of 21,774,400
tons of NOx were emitted into the atmosphere in 1977. See Table 3.
Future Year Inventory
To ascertain the likely effect of the proposed 1985 LDT and HDV NOx regu-
lations on rain acidity, it is necessary to project the national NOx inventory
for the years when the regulation would be in effect. The modified linear
rollback model (ROLLBACK) was used to project NOx emission inventories for
1985, 1990, 1995 and 1999. (Reference 8.) These are also the same projection
years used in the air quality analysis performed in support of the forthcoming
1985 NOx Regulatory Analysis. To project base year inventories into the
future, both growth and future control rate assumptions must be made. Growth
refers to the increase in activity level of each pollution source. The two
levels of growth considered in this paper are listed in Table 4. It seems
likely that the actual growth rates will fall within the growth ranges listed.
The growth rates that are assumed for each emissions category are presented in
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that table. (Reference 9.) For highway mobile sources the activity level is
measured as vehicle miles traveled. Other measurement units for activity
levels are used for stationary sources.
Future control refers to the degree to which emissions are expected to be
reduced given a constant activity level. Emissions are measured in units of
grams per mile traveled for highway mobile sources. Mobile source control
measures are implicit in the emission factors produced by the computer program
MOBILEl. (Reference 6.) To project the effect of highway mobile source
controls, the ratios of future to base year emission factors are applied to
the base year inventory. Table 5 lists the NOx highway mobile source emission
factor ratios used to estimate future emissions. The MQBILE1 results from
which these ratios were calculated are presented in Appendix A. In 1980 light
duty vehicles are expected to emit 2.66 grams of NOx per mile traveled. This
rate is 82 percent of the corresponding 1977 level.
The ratios presented in Table 5 are not identical to those presented in the
regulatory analysis. Since the 1977 individual AQCR emissions inventories
have not yet been published, 1976 NEDS inventories were used in the 1985 NOx
Regulatory Analysis. For that analysis, emission factor ratios were also
calculated from the 1976 base year. However, the national NOx inventory work
was based on calendar year 1977. Hence, the ratios presented in Table 5
reflect a 1977 base year rather than the 1976 base year used in the regulatory
analysis.
In the case of stationary sources, the control rates are applied to the base
inventory directly. New source performance standards (NSPS) were assumed to
apply to newly constructed stationary area sources beginning in 1983. The
NSPS control efficiencies are also listed in Table 4. Reasonable available
control technology (RACT) was not assumed for existing stationary area sources
since in 1977 only a few areas violated the present 100 ug/m annual average
N02 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). Finally, a zero retirement
rate was assumed for all stationary sources. This is a worst case assumption
in the sense that emission projections would be lower with a positive retire-
ment rate.
Figures 1 and 2 present the results of the inventory projections and show how
the relative contributions of the various emission sources change over time.
These figures assume no further control other than what has already been
mandated. Figure 1 shows the contribution of mobile, stationary area and
stationary point sources for the 1977 base year and each projection year
thereafter, assuming that low growth rates prevail during this time. Figure 2
shows the relative contribution of each mobile source to total mobile emissions
for each evaluation year.
As indicated in Figure 1, total NOx emissions are expected to increase in
every projection year from 1977 through 1999. Growth in stationary point
source emissions overshadows the reduction in mobile source emissions through
1985. Thereafter, both mobile and stationary source emissions are expected to
increase. By 1999, mobile source emissions are expected to be greater than
they were in 1977. This increase in mobile source emissions can be traced to
growth in both heavy duty diesel and off-highway mobile sources. As Figure 2
shows, over that two decade period the proportion of mobile source emissions
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accounted for by light duty vehicles declines from 42 to 25 percent. On the
other hand, the proportion of emissions accounted for by heavy duty diesels
more than doubles, from 16 to 37 percent. The proportion of mobile source
emissions accounted for by off-highway vehicles also increases, from 23 to 27
percent.
Figures 3 and 4 present the inventory results assuming that high growth rates
prevail. The pattern shown in Figure 1 is accentuated in Figure 3. With high
growth, total 1999 NOx emissions are expected to increase an additional
3,352,600 tons from the 1999 low growth projection. The 1999 NOx level rep-
resents a 44 percent increase from the 1977 level. Further, the share of
total 1999 emissions accounted for by mobile sources increases from 35 to 42
percent. The decrease in the relative contributions of HDD and HDG trucks
shown in Figure 4, as compared to Figure 2, reflects the fact that the growth
rates associated with these two vehicle classes were held constant between the
high and low growth scenarios. The growth rates associated with the other
three vehicle classes were increased by one percentage point each from the low
to high growth scenarios.
1985 NOx Regulatory Analysis
The projections presented in Figures 1 and 2 assume the degree of mobile
source control mandated by present regulations. More stringent NOx controls
on light duty trucks and heavy duty engines are being proposed for 1985 and
later model year vehicles. Currently, the proposed regulations are 0.9 gram
per mile for LDT and 1.7 grams per brake horsepower hour for HDV and represent
a 75 percent reduction from 1972-1973 baseline NOx emissions.
The emission factor ratios that were used to adjust the inventory to reflect
these additional controls are presented in Table 6. (Reference 10.) For the
reasons previously stated, these ratios are not identical to those used in the
regulatory analysis. Rather, they are the ratios of the future year emission
factors divided by the 1977 base year emission factors.
The effect of imposing the more stringent controls is presented in Figures 5
through 8. With the currently promulgated mobile source controls on NOx, the
total NOx emissions in 1999 are expected to be 29 percent greater than the
1977 levels. Total NOx emissions are projected to increase by only 13 percent
over the same time frame, if the more stringent controls proposed for 1985 and
later model year light duty trucks and heavy duty engines are implemented. A
further comparision of Figures 1 and 5 shows that if low growth rates prevail,
there would be a 35 percent reduction from the base case in 1999 NOx emissions
from mobile sources due to the proposed 1985 and later NOx regulations. If
high growth rates prevail, there would be a 28 percent reduction in mobile
source NOx. Similarly, if low growth rates prevail, the total 1999 NOx emis-
sions for all sources would be reduced 13 percent from the base case due to
the regulations. If high rates prevail, the reduction due to the regulations
would be 12 percent for all sources.
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Summary
Estimates of the national NOx emission inventory constructed for this analysis
indicate that total NOx emissions will increase in every calendar year from
1977 through 1999. Without further regulatory action, total NOx emissions in
1999 are projected to be 29 percent greater than 1977 levels. With the more
stringent controls proposed for 1985 and later model year light duty trucks
and heavy duty engines, total NOx emissions are projected to increase by only
13 percent. If one assumes a proportional relationship between the acidity of
rain and total NOx emissions, then the expected increases in NOx emissions
will have a detrimental effect on the nation's buildings and lakes. The
proposed regulations would limit the damage by reducing potential nitric acid
content of acid rain.
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Table 1
1977 Highway Mobile Sources NOx Emissions Inventory
Low-Altitude 49-State
LDV
LDT
HDG
HDD
Total
VMT
(x!0b miles)
1,010,713
175,074
66,669
55,260
1,307,716
EF
(g/m)
3.24
4.37
10.03
22.10
California
Emissions VMT
(tons) (x!0b miles)
3,609,750
843,349
737,105
1,346,193
6,536,397
116,164
20.122
7,662
6,352
150,300
EF
(g/m)
2.89
4.205
9.95
21.41
High Altitude
Emissions VMT EF
(tons) (xlO miles) (g/m)
370,061
93,270
84,037
149,910
697,278
14,338
2.483
946
784
18,551
2.22
2.82
6.40
12.10
Emissions
(tons)
35,087
7,718
6.674
10,457
59,936
National Total
VMT
(x!0b miles)
1,141,215
197,679
75,277
62,396
1,476,567
Emissions
(tons)
4,014,898
944,337
827,816
1,506,560
7,293,611
Percent
55.0
12.9
I
11.4 7
20.7
100.0
* Modified MOBILE1 emission factors and FHwA VMT were used to develop the inventory.
The MOBILE1 modifications are described in Reference 6.
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-8-
Table 2
NEDS 1977 Stationary Source NOx Emissions Inventory
Residential Oil and Gas
Anthracite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Distillate Oil
Residual Oil
Natural Gas
Commercial Coal - Area
Anthracite
Bituminous
Commercial Oil and Gas - Area
Residual Oil
Distillate Oil
Natural Gas
Industrial Coal
Anthracite
Bituminous
Coke
Industrial Oil and Gas - Area
Residual Oil
Distillate Oil
Natural Gas
Process Gas
Other - Area
Total
Sub-Total
(tons)
1,494
922
166,358
0
214,674
7,378
1,358
128,813
45,570
130,258
58
84,275
49
80,316
46,796
122,117
86
Totals
(tons)
383,448
8,736
304,641
84,382
249,315
233,189
,263,711
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Table 3
1977 National NOx Emissions Inventory
Total NOx Emissions
Source (1000 Tons)
Stationary Area 1,263.7
Stationary Point 11,057.1
Mobile 9,453.6
Total 21,774.4
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Table 4
Mobile and Stationary Source Growth Rates and NSPS Control Efficiencies
NSPS @
Control
Efficiency
(percent)
Mobile Sources
Light Duty Vehicles
Light Duty Trucks
Heavy Duty Gasoline Trucks
Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks
Off-Highway Vehicles
Stationary Area Sources
Residential Oil and Gas
Commercial Coal
Commercial Oil and Gas
Industrial Coal
Industrial Oil and Gas
All Other
Stationary Point Sources
Low
Growth
(percent)
+1.0
+1.0
-2.0
+5.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+2.5
High
Growth
(percent)
+3.0
+3.0
-2.0
+5.0
+3.0
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
+2.5
50
24
50
24
50
0
@ Assumed to apply in 1983 and later calendar years.
* Mobile source control efficiencies are incorporated in the emission factors
predicted by MOBILE1 and are therefore not estimated separately.
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Table 5
2
Mobile Source Emission Factor Ratios - Base Case (xlO )
Projection
Region Year* LDV LDT HDG HDD
Low Altitude 80
Non-California 85
90
95
99
California 80
85
90
95
99
High Altitude 80
85
90
95
99
* 1977 Base Year
82
56
49
48
48
78
56
52
52
52
94
73
70
71
71
85
65
59
57
57
81
55
45
43
43
87
69
65
64
64
97
96
96
95
95
94
85
78
75
74
98
97
95
93
93
96
88
86
86
86
84
69
62
61
61
100
101
102
102
102
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Table 6
2
Mobile Source Emission Factor Ratios - Control Case (xlO )
Projection
Region Year* LDV LDT HDG HDD
Low Altitide 80
Non-California 85
90
95
99
California 80
85
90
95
99
High Altitude 80
85
90
95
99
* 1977 Base Year
82
56
49
48
48
78
56
52
52
52
94
73
70
71
71
85
63
40
29
26
81
55
45
' 43
43
87
68
50
41
39
97
91
50
32
27
94
82
46
30
26
98
93
58
43
39
96
81
33
21
19
84
65
30
20
19
100
93
39
25
22
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fI CURE t NOX NRTIOMflL INVENTORY PROJECTION
I98S LOT. HOV REGULATORY R.NflLTSISi BRSECBSE - LOW CROHTH
32000
30000
28000
26000
24000
ec
UJ
^20000
z
o
"~18000
0
o
Sieooo
£14000
o
£12000
£
X
o
z 8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1264
11057
9454
1302
11652
8845
1328
12748
8012
1370
13987
8315
1415
15389
9117
1453
16642
9942
CATEGORY
STATIONARY AREA
STATIONARY POINT
MOBILE TOTAL
1977 1980 198S 1990
PROJECTION TEBR
1995
1999
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F1GUHE 2 NOX NflTIONflL INVENTORY PROJECTION
1985 LOT. HOV REGUlflTORT flNHLTSISt BflSECflSE - LOU CROUTH
100
90
80
en
z in
HISSIO
.
c
ui eg
X
z
" 50
CD
0
f
u. tjO
o
t-
z
or
UJ
0.
20
10
0
22.8
15.9
8.8
10.0
42.5
X
\
\
\
25.2
18.7
8C
. 3
9.3
38.3
\
s
\
\
\
\
29.2
23.9
8.3
8.2
30.4
\
\
V
\
29.6
28.6
7 2
7.4
27.2
\|
X,
*~>
28.3
33. 1
50
6.9
25. 8
X
x^
27.0
36.9
. U
6.5
24.6
OFF-HICHHBY
HDD
HOG
i m
LOV
1977 1980
1935 1990
PROJECTION TEflR
1995 1999
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FIGURE s NOX NATIONAL INVENTORY PROJECTION
I98S LOT. HOV REGULATORY ANALTSISi BASECASE - HIGH GROMTH
32000
30000
28000
26000
24000
cc22000
ID
>-
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-16-
FIGURE U HOX NflTJCNflL INVENTORY PROJECTION
1985 LOT. MOV REGULflTORY PNflLYSJSi BflSECflSE - HIGH GROWTH
100 ,
90
80
in
70
in
in
" 60
o
z
" 50
ID
O
x
u. UO
o
o 30
cc
Ul
a.
20
10
0 L
1977 1980
198S 1990
PROJECTION TEflR
22.8
IS. 9
8.8
10.0
42. S
\
\
\
\
25. 6
17.9
8.2
9.5
38.9
\
\
\
\
30.6
21.1
7.5
8.6
31.9
\
\
\
32.2
24.1
6.1
8.1
29.6
\
32.1
26.3
1.7
7.8
29.2
31.7
28.1
3.8
7.7
28.8
CflTEGOflY
OFF-HlGHHflY
1S9S 1999
HOO
HOG.
LOT
LOV
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-17-
F1GURE S NOX NRTIONRL INVENTORY PROJECTION
1985 LOT. HOV HCCULRTORT RNHLTSISt CONTROLCHSE - LOH GROWTH
32000
30000
28000
26000
24000
K22000
Ul
t-
«»20000
z
0
*~18000
o
-16000
zUOOO
o
v>
"lOOOO
X
o
z 8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1264
11057
..
1302
11652
8845
1328
12748
7813
1370
13987
6410
1415
15389
6213
1453
16642
6429
CRTECORT
STRTIONRRT RRER
STRTIONRRY POINT
MOBILE TOTRL
1977 1980 1985 1990 199S
PROJECTION TERR
1999
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-18-
FIGURE 8 NOX NBTICKflL INVENTORY PROJECTION
1985 LOT. MOV REGULATORY flNfllTSlSi CONTHOLCflSE - LOM GROWTH
too ,
90
80
»^
41.8
12.3
2.2
5.0
38.0
OfF-HJGHWflY
HOO
HOG
LOT
LOV
1977 1980 1985 1990 1995
PROJECTION TEflR
1999
-------
-19-
FiCURE 7 NOX NflTIONflL INVENTORY PROJECTION
1985 LOT. HOV REGULflTORT RHflLTSlSt CONTBOLCflSE - HIGH GROWTH
32000
30000
28000
26000
24000
K22000
Ul
>-
»20000
z
o
""laooo
o
0
Sieooo
^14000
o
El2000
fc^
5C
"10000
o
Z 8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1264
11057
9454
341
1 1652
9235
1396
12748
8732
1491
13987
7907
1S9S
15389
8447
1686
16642
9373
CATEGORY
STflTIONflRT RREB
STflTIONBRT POINT
MOBILE TOTflL
1977 1980 198S 1390
PROJECTION TEflR
199S
1999
-------
-20-
FIGUflE 8 NOX NfUlONflL INVENTORY PROJECTION
198S LOT. MOV REGULflTORY fiNflLYSJSi CONTHOLCflSE - MICH GHOHTH
CflTEGORY
PERCENT Of MOBILE NOX EMISSIONS
-> ro o> ff tn at -j CD
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References
1. Draft Regulatory Analysis, Environmental Impact Statement and NOx Pollutant
Specfic Study for Proposed Gaseous Emissions or 1985 and Later Model Year
Light Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Engines, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1980.
2. Likens, G.E., "Acid Precipitation", Chemical Engineering News 54 (48),
pages 29-44, 1976.
3. Tamm, C.O. and E.B. Cowling, "Acid Precipitation and Forest Vegitation",
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Acid Precipitation
and the Forest Ecosystem, May 12-15, 1975, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Forest
Service General Technical Report NE-23, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, pages 845-856, 1976.
4. Nriagn, J., "Deteriorative Effects of Sulfer Pollution on Materials",
Sulfer in the Environment Part II; Ecological Impacts, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1978.
5. NADB Internal Operations Manual, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Section 2, Chapter 8, Subject 4,
pages 11-12.
6. Mobile Source Emission Factors: Final Document, EPA 400/9-78-006, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, March, 1978.
7. AEROS Volume II, EPA 450/2-76-029, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 1976.
8. N. deNevers and J.R. Morris, "Rollback Modeling; Basic and Modified",
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 25, 943, September,
1975.
9. Freas, W.P., "Data Base for Air Quality Impact Assessment of Proposed
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Standards", Memorandum to M. Wolcott, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Michigan, March, 1980.
10. Wallace, J., "MOBILE1 Modifications and Emission Rate Assumptions for the
LOT and HDV NOx Regulatory Analysis", Memorandum to J. Anderson, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Michigan, June, 1980.
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-22-
Appendix A
Mobile Source Emission Factor Estimates
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-23-
BASE CASE FOR THE NOX REG PACKAGE 5/02/80
EMISSION FACTOR MODIFICATION PROFILE:
REGION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
MODE
2
2
3
3
2
3
4
5
4
5
2
3
4
5
POLLUTANT
1
2
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
FIRST MY LAST MY
1983
1983
1983
1983
1985
1985*
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
DEL
0.35
4.31
0.35
4.31
0.11
0.11
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.11
0.11
0.0
0.0
ALTERED
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
*NON-METH HC EMISSION FACTORS INCLUDE EVAP. HC EMISSION FACTORS
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1977 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPU (20.0) 20.&/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
6.68
59.18
3.24
LDT1
7.47
63.51
3.29
LDT2
10.27
78.24
5.45
HDG
20.40
253.67
10.03
(GM/MILE)
HDD
4.10
11.28
22.10
MC
10.72
35.23
0.14
ALL MODES
7.49
67.68
4.25
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1980 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
4.77
47.07
2.66
LDT1
5.89
57.14
2.73
LDT2
8.75
73.17
4.71
HDG
18.22
256.29
9.76
(GM/MILE)
HDD
4.10
11.28
21.20
MC
7.17
26.44
0.26
ALL MODES
5.66
57.37
3.67
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1985 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
LDV
NON-METH HC: 1.88
EXHAUST CO: 17.17
EXHAUST NOx: 1.81
LDT1
3.44
37.69
2.42
LDT2
4.91
46.48
3.28
HDG
12.43
221.91
9.62
HDD
3.69
11.28
19.39
MC
1.97
7.91
0.47
ALL MODES
2.67
29.05
2.82
-------
-24-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1990 TEMP: 75.0(F) . 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/28.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.00
9.39
1.59
LDT1
2.46
29.28
2.39
LDT2
3.10
34.03
2.75
HDG
6.07
105.62
9.59
HDD
2.86
11.28
19.00
MC
0.46
3.36
0.18
ALL. MODES
1.49
16.33
2.60
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1995 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO :
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.85
7.83
1.57
LDT1
2.12
26.83
2.41
LDT2
2.47
30.16
2.57
HDG
3.27
56.72
9.53
HDD
2.68
11.28
18.92
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
1.18
12.51
2.57
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1999 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.82
7.58
1.57
LDT1
2.03
26.03
2.43
LDT2
2.21
28.40
2.51
HDG
2.21
40.13
9.54
HDD
2.64
11.28
18.90
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
1.09
11.41
2.56
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD hC
CAL. YEAR: 1977 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20. 6/ 27. 3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, 11ECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
LDV
NON-METH HC: 6.73
EXHAUST CO: 53.91
EXHAUST NOx: 2.89
LDT1
7.34
63.52
3.03
LDT2
10.71
77.47
5.38
HDG
25.41
264.26
9.95
HDD
4.35
29.45
21.41
MC
10.42
36.05
0.14
ALL MODES
7.78
64.45
3.92
-------
-25-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1980 TEMP: 75.0(F). 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.37 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
4.60
37.67
2.26
LDT1
5.45
53.43
2.50
LDT2
8.42
70.34
4.34
HDG
19.17
254.91
9.33
HDD
4.39
27.88
18.04
MC ALL MODES
6.88
27.36
0.26 .
5.53
49.90
3.19
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1985 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO :
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.79
15.14
1.61
LDT1
2.63
26.40
1.93
LDT2
4.09
39.07
2.67
HDG
11.11
193.16
8.49
HDD
3.68
27.20
14.80
MC
1.48
8.46
0.47
ALL MODES
2.45
25.53
2.40
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1990 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.00
10.05
1.50
LDT1
1.63
15.91
1.66
LDT2
2.24
21.70
2.15
EDG
5.91
93.40
7.74
(GM/MILE)
HDD
2.97
27.02
13.37
MC
0.40
3.46
0.18
ALL MODES
1.39
15.31
2.19
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1995 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20. 6/ 27. 3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.86
8.79
1.49
LDT1
1.25
12.28
1.63
LDT2
1.51
15.53
2.01
HDG
3.13
52.57
7.45
HDD
2.83
27.00
13.06
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
1.08
11.88
2.15
-------
-26-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1999 'TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.83
8.60
1.49
LDT1
1.17
11.12
1.62
LDT2
1.29
12.60
2.00
HDG
2.27
38.16
7.37
HDD
2.80
27.00
13.01
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
1.00
10.85
2.14
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1977 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECti. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
8.47
83.67
2.22
LDT1
9.37
89.22
2.19
LDT2
13-39
118.42
3.45
HDG
40.33
401.39
6.40
(GM/MILE)
HDD
5.86
48.98
12.10
MC
13.96
48.62
0.08
ALL MODES
10.19
99.06
2.77
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1980 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GI-1/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
5.93
63.85
2.09
LDT1
7.18
75.59
1.85
LDT2
11.33
105.81
3.05
HDG
36.35
386.96
6.28
HDD
5.93
45.73
12.16
MC
10.08
36.30
0.16
ALL MODES
7.70
80.80
2.62
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1985 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
2.17
20.87
1.62
LDT1
3.87
43.78
1.69
LDT2
5.94
57.33
2.21
HDG
20.78
275.33
6.19
(GM/MILE)
HDD
4.71
39.44
12.27
MC
2.70
10.49
0.17
ALL MODES
3.40
36.29
2.19
-------
-27-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1990 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.05
9.90
1.55
LDT1
2.12
21.89
1.71
LDT2
3.04
28.82
1.96
HDG
9.50
119.80
6.05
HDD
3.18
29.65
12.29
MC
0.51
3.58
0.15
ALL MODES
1.67
17.22
2.11
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1995 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.86
7.89
1.57
LDT1
1.52
15.16
1.75
LDT2
1.95
18.91
1.87
HDG
4.49
61.74
5.94
(GM/MILE)
HDD
2.88
27.54
12.30
MC
0.31
2.88
0.16
ALL MODES
1.18
11.96
2.12
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1999 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 19D9
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC ALL MODES
0.82 1.33 1.48 2.55 2.81 0.31 1.03
7.58 12.49 14.29 40.86 27.14 2.87 10.34
1.57 1.77 1.85 5.93 12.30 0.16 2.12
-------
-28-
CONTROL CASE FOR THE NOX REG PACKAGE 5/02/80
*NON-METH HC EMISSION FACTORS INCLUDE EVAP. HC EMISSION FACTORS
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC.
CAL. YEAR: 1977 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 302, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
6.68
59.18
3.24
LDT1
7.47
63.51
3.29
LDT2
10.27
78.24
5.45
HDG
20.40
253.67
10.03
HDD
4.10
11.28
22.10
MC
10.72
35.23
0.14
ALL' MODES
7.49
67.68
4.25
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1980 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
4.77
47.07
2.66
LDT1
5.89
57.14
2.73
LDT2
8.75
73.17
4.71
HDG
18.22
256.29
9.76
(GM/MILE)
HDD
4.10
11.28
21.20
MC
7.17
26.44
0.26
ALL MODES
5.66
57.37
3.67
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1985 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 302, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999 '
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.88
17.17
1.81
LDT1
3.21
34.18
2.31
LDT2
4.72
43.45
3.21
HDG
12.43
221.91
9.15
(GM/MILE)
HDD
3.69
11.28
17.87
MC
1.97
7.91
0.47
ALL MODES
2.65
28.67
2.74
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1990 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 302, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.00
9.39
1.59
LDT1
1.57
16.20
1.50
LDT2
2.26
21.74
1.97
HDG
6.07
105.62
5.05
(GM/MILE)
HDD
2.86
11.28
7.37
MC
0.46
3.36
0.18
ALL MODES
1.39
14.86
1.94
-------
-29-
- VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG - HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1995 'TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.85
7.83
1.57
LDT1
0.98
10.13
1.16
LDT2
1.28
12.91
1.38
HDG
3.27
56.72
3.18
HDD
2.68
11.28
4.58
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
1.05
10.54
1.70
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1999 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: 49-STATE 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.82
7.58
1.57
LDT1
0.76
7.56
1.08
LDT2
0.83
8.50
1.17
HDG
2.21
40.13
2.69
HDD
2.64
11.28
4.14
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
0.94
9.18
1.64
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LOT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1977 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
6.73
53.91
2.89
LDT1
7.34
63.52
3.03
LDT2
10.71
77.47
5.38
HDG
25.41
264.26
9.95
(GM/MILE)
HDD
4.35
29.45
21.41
MC
10.42
36.05
0.14
ALL MODES
7.78
64.45
3.92
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1980 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
4.60
37.67
2.26
LDT1
5.45
53.43
2.50
LDT2
8.42
70.34
4.34
HDG
19.17
254.91
9.33
HDD
4.39
27.88
18.04
MC
6.88
27.36
0.26
ALL MODES
5.53
49.90
3.19
-------
-30-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1985 TEMP: 75.0(F). 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.V 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECE. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.79
15.14
1.61
LDT1
2.63
26.21
1.93
LDT2
4.08
38.85
2.67
HDG
11.11
193.16
8.15
HDD
3.68
27.20
13.88
MC
1.48
8.46
0.47
ALL MODES
'2.45 -
25.51
2.36
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 ' LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1990 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO :
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
1.00
10.05
1.50
LDT1
1.35
13.12
1.66
LDT2
1.97
18.98
2.15
HDG
5.91
93.40
4.55
(GM/MILE)
HDD
2.97
27.02
6.33
MC
0.40
3.46
0.18
ALL MODES
1.36
14.99
1.82
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1995 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.86
8.79
1.49
LDT1
0.86
8.38
1.63
LDT2
1.07
11.30
2.01
HDG
3.13
52.57
3.02
HDD
2.83
27.00
4.39
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
1.03
11.41
1.68
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1999 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: CALIF. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC ALL MODES
0.83 0.71 0.76 2.27 2.80 0.31 0.95
3.60 6.71 7.60 38.16 27.00 2.87 10.31
1.49 1.62 2.00 2.61 4.07 0.16 1.65
-------
-31-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1977 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECU. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
8.47
83.67
2.22
LDT1
9.37
89.22
2.19
LDT2
13.39
118.42
3.45
HDG
40.33
401.39
6.40
HDD
5.86
48.98
12.10
MC
13.96
48.62
0.08
ALL MODES
10.19
99.06
2.77
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1980 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
5.93
63.85
2.09
LDT1
7.18
75.59
1.85
LDT2
11.33
105.81
3.05
HDG
36.35
386.96
6.28
(GM/MILE)
HDD
5.93
45.73
12.16
MC
10.08
36.30
0.16
ALL MODES
7.70
80.80
2.62
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1985 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
.REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
2.17
20.87
1.62
LDT1
3.81
43.19
1.64
LDT2
5.88
56.74
2.18
HDG
20.78
275.33
5.94
(GM/MILE)
HDD
4.71
39.44
11.28
MC
2.70
10.49
0.17
ALL MODES
3.40
36.22
2.14
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1990 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.9/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC ALL MODES
1.05 1.76 2.70 9.50 3.18 0.51 1.63
9.90 18.89 25.88 119.80 29.65 3.58 16.88
1.55 1.26 1.56 3.72 4.72 0.15 1.72
-------
-32-
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1995 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.86
7.89
1.57
LDT1
1.03
11.17
1.09
LDT2
1.43
14.57
1.24
HDG
4.49
61.74
2.75
HDD
2.88
27.54
2.97
MC
0.31
2.88
0.16
ALL MODES
1.12
11.47
1.61
VEH. TYPE: LDV LDT1 LDT2 HDG HDD MC
CAL. YEAR: 1999 TEMP: 75.0(F) 0.803/0.058/0.058/0.045/0.031/0.005
REGION: HI-ALT. 26.0/16.0/26.0 MPH (20.0) 20.6/ 27.3/ 20.6
LDV I/M PROGRAM STARTING IN 1982, STRINGENCY LEVEL 30%, MECH. TRAINING: NO
I/M PROG. BENEFITS APPLY ONLY TO MODEL YEARS 1951 THROUGH 1999
COMPOSITE EMISSION FACTORS (GM/MILE)
NON-METH HC:
EXHAUST CO:
EXHAUST NOx:
LDV
0.82
7.58
1.57
LDT1
0.78
8.01
1.05
LDT2
0.86
9.20
1.13
HDG
2.55
40.86
2.50
HDD
2.81
27.14
2.69
MC
0.31
2.87
0.16
ALL MODES
0.96
9.78
1.58
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