EPA-AA-TEB-511-80-7
EPA Evaluation of the Basko MW Enginecoat Under Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act
This document contains several pages which may not reproduce well. Any
questions concerning the legibility of these pages should he directed to:
Merrill W. Korth, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control, Emission Control Technology Division, 2565
Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, (313) 668-4299 or FTS 374-8299.
by
Edward Anthony Earth
Test and Evaluation Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
TT.S. Environmental Protection A^oncy
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EPA Evaluation bE the "Basko M-W Enginecoat" Under Section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act
The following is a summary of the information on the Device as supplied
by the Applicant and the resulting EPA analysis and conclusions.
1. Marketing Identification of the Device:
Basko MW Enginecoat
2. Identification of Inventor and Patent:
Inventor
William J. Manning
220 Forest Ave.
Wyoming, OH 45215
Patent
Pending
3. Manufacturer of the Device:
Bolce Paint Company
4011 Red Bank Road
Cincinnati, OH 45227
4. Manufacturing Organization Principals:
Earl Bolce
Val Jacobs
5. Market ing Organization/Applicant:
Bask Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 15113
Cincinnati, OH 45215
6. Applying Organization Principals:
William J. Henning (contact)
Ann S. Henning
7. Description of Device: Purpose, Theory, Detailed Description (as
supplied by Applicant;
A. Purpose: "Improved engine performance and increased tuel econ-
omy ." .
B. Theory of Operation: "There are two coatings, one to dissipate
and one to insulate. Coating is applied like a paint to the
exterior surface of the intake manifold giving, faster heat and a
hotter interior intake manifold surface. This results in better
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vaporization of the gasoline giving increased performance and
better fuel economy. The other coating dissipates heat and is
applied to the exhaust manifold and engine block."
C. Description: "Paintlike coating."
8. Applicability of the Device (as supplied by Applicant):
"All gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines."
9. Device Installatioii - Tools and Expertise Required, (as supplied by
Applicant:
"Easily applied with a paint brush."
10. Device Operation (as supplied by Applicant):
"Not Applicable."
11. Device Maintenance (as supplied by Applicant):
"Not Applicable"
12. Effects, on Vehicle Emissions (non-regulated) (as supplied by Appli-
cant):
No information supplied.
13. Effects on Vehicle Safety (as supplied by Applicant):
"None known"
14. Test Results (Regulated Emissions and Fuel Economy (as supplied by
Applicant):
"Lowers HC and CO. NOx not known. In addition to actual tests done
on vehicles' we had some dynamometer tests conducted. These tests
substantiated our actual tests and provided information regarding the
lowering of HC and CO. I am enclosing copies of two letters, one
from a taxi cab company, and one from a trucking company. The fleet
average miles for gallon of gasoline for the cab company is 10. The
average for the trucking company is 5.04 miles per gallon of diesel
fuel. I might add that we only coated the intake manifold .on the
trucks and cabs'. The addition o.f the dissipating coating is a more
recent development. Hopefully this v/ill lower iJOx."
16. Analysis
A. Marketing Identification of the Device:
The Device (product) is identified in Section 1 as "Basko MW
Enginecoat." However, in Section 7 the applicant describes
" . . two coatings, one to dissipate am! one to insulate."
There are therefore clearly two Devices (product-r.) described
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with opposite properties. The Applicant is therefore judged to
have not clearly described the marketing identification of the
Devices (products).
B. Identification of Inventor and Patent
As an enclosure to a letter dated January 20, 1981 (Attachment A)
the Applicant provided a copy of the recently issued patent
No. 4,240,936 (Attachment B), covering the insulative coating.
The Applicant did not provide a patent description of the conduc-
tive coating.
C. Description of the Device:
(1) The Applicant's stated purpose of the Device, as stated in
Section 7A, is "Improved engine performance and increased fuel
economy." However the theory of operation as stated in Section
7B and Attachment A are conflicting.
In Section 7B the Applicant stated the "coating is applied
like a paint to the exterior surface of the intake manifold
giving faster heat and a hotter interior intake manifold
surface. This results in better vaporization of the gaso-
line giving increased performance and better fuel economy."
In Attachment A the Applicant stated "In other words, when
the coating is applied to the exterior surface of the in-
take manifold, we are in effect creating a cooler fuel
charge which gives better engine performance and better
fuel economy."^'
The Applicant has therefore claimed the Device (product)-
gives better performance and fuel economy by simultaneously
both heating and cooling the fuel-air charge.
(2) The Applicant states in Attachment A that ". . . you will
note that the coating when applied away from a heat source in
thin coats has the capability to release heat faster than
normal. . This assumes that the high eciissivity coating is applied
to a low emissivity surface. Such could be the case with the
intake manifold." Although this is true in theory as acknowl-
edged by EPA in the note (I) on page 3, this effect is unlikely
to occur in practice since intake manifolds arc normally
painted. The painted surfaces emissivity would typically be
The Applicant is correct in stating in Attachment A that an
insulating product applied-in thin coats will increase the heat transfer
in some cases. This occurs when a high emissivity insulation is applied
in a sufficiently thin layer to a low emissivity surface. This occurs
because the increase in radiant energy for the insulated surface is
greater than the decrease in conductive energy.
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between .85 and .95, nearly the same as the Basko coating's
eniissivity of .94. It is also unlikely a manufacturer would
select this product for its heat transfer properties when a
paint presently used would have very similar properties plus
serve as a protective coating.
(3) Vehicle manufacturers seek to maintain a stable induction
air temperature (typically 100°F) by blending warm air drawn
over the exhaust manifolds with fresh air. This permits more
precise fuel-air calibrations to improve both emissions and fuel
economy. If the applicant's device did change the fuel-air
charge temperature, the net effect would be to shift the fuel-
air induction system's calibration from the manufacturer's
design point to an off design point.
(4) The second product described in Section 7B is designed to
dissipate heat and is to be applied to the exhaust manifold and
engine block.
(a) The Applicant submitted no information on or descrip-
tion of this product. EPA is therefore unable to judge if
this heat dissipation coating is able to function.
(b) If this product were able to dissipate heat, its use
would not necessarily be desirable. Lowered exhaust mani-
fold temperatures would lower exhaust gas temperatures.
This could adversely delay catalyst "light off" and also
lower catalyst efficiency under many vehicle operating
conditions.
D. Applicability of the Device:
Since the device is a paint-like product, it is able to be
applied to all gasoline and diesel engines as claimed. Informa-
tion supplied in the patent indicates the device (product) will
"adhere to metal surfaces subjected to thermal stress. Also, the
two testimonal letters (Attachments C-l, C-2) supplied by the
Applicant, indirectly infer the product is durable in vehicle
usage application (i.e. no complaints about durability noted in
these letters).
E. Device Installation - Tools and Expertise Required:
The Applicants statement that the Device is "Easily applied with a
paint brush" is misleading.
(1) The patent describes a Device with a wide range in the
ratio of "pigment" to carrier vehicle and many different carrier
vehicles. Not all of these can be expected to be applied easily..
(2) Proper application of the Device to an installed engine
would be difficult due to the numerous hoses, belts, liaes and
accessory equipment blocking ready access.
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(3) Proper application of the Device to the total exposed out-
side surface of either the intake manifold or exhaust manifold
would require removal of these manifolds on most vehicles.
(4) An important part of the application of any paint-like
product to a surface is initial surface preparation and surface
preparation between coats. Proper surface preparation is many
times considerably more work than the actual application of the
product. The applicant submitted no detailed information on
applying the product.
F. Device Operation:
It is judged to be not applicable as claimed.
G. Device Maintenance:
The Applicant states none is required. EPA is unable to satisfac-
torily judge this statement since the Applicant submitted little
information by which EPA could judge the long term durability of the
product in automotive use, i.e. its adherence to the surface for an
extended time interval.
H. Effects on Vehicle Emissions (non-regulated):
The Applicant made no claims nor submitted any data relating to
unregulated emissions. However, (a) since the Device does not modify
the vehicle's emission control system and (b) any change in inlet air
or exhaust temperature could be expected to be minimal, the Device is
judged to be unlikely to effect non-regulated emissions.
I. Effects on Vehicle Safety and Operation:
The Applicant claims there are no known adverse effects on vehicle
safety. This statement is judged to be probably true.
However, the actual application of the Device to the engine (i.e.
painting) may entail safety hazards. Most paint-like products
. contain safety warnings that relate to the components of the vehicle
and pigment. In extreme cases even special respiratory equipment or
protective clothing is required. Since the Applicant submitted no
information on application safety and many paint-like products have
safety hazards, EPA is unable to conclude that application of the
product is safe.
J• Test Results (Regulated Emissions and Fuel Economy):
Applicant did not submit any test data per the Federal Test Procedure
or Highway Fuel Economy Test. These are the only EPA recognized test
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proceduresv2)^ This requirement for test data following these
procedures is stated in the Application Format EPA. sends to potential
applicants. The Applicant was advised of this requirement on five
separate occasions.
The test data submitted by the Applicant are listed below and evalu-
ated.
(1) In Section 14 the Applicant referenced testing done on
vehicles and some dynamometer testing. However, neither
the test vehicles nor the test procedures were described
and no test results were provided. Therefore the Appli-
cant's claim of lower 11C and CO emissions is unsubstan-
tiated.
(2) Two testimonial letters, Attachments C-l and C-2 were
submitted with the application. The writers undoubtedly
felt they had achieved significant fuel economy improve-
ments with the Bask products. However, even one of these
testimonials (C-l) recognizes that it is difficult to be
sure that the fuel economy change was due to the Bask
product. Therefore, because these were uncontrolled tests
of the Device, they cannot be used to evaluate the Bask
device.
On the basis of information supplied by the Applicant, there was
no need for the EPA to conduct confirmatory testing.
Therefore, there is no technical basis to support the Appli-
cant's claims for fuel economy improvement for "Basko MW Engine-
coat". ......
From EPA 511 Application Format:
Test Results (Regulated Emissions and Fuel Economy):
Provide all test information which is available on the effects
of the device on vehicle emissions and fuel economy.
The Federal Test Procedure (40 CFR Part 86) is the only test
which is recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
for the evaluation of vehicle emissions;. The Federal Test
Procedure and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (40 CFK Part 600)
are the only tests which are normally recognized by the U.S. EPA
for evaluating .vehicle fuel economy. Data which have been
collected in accordance with other standardized fuel economy
measuring procedures (e.g. Society of Automotive Engineers) are
acceptable as supplemental data to the Federal Test Procedure
and Highway Fuel Economy Data will be used, if provided, in the
preliminary evaluation of the device. Data are required from
the test vehicle(s) in both baseline (all parameters set to
mamif-icturer's specifications) and Tr.oclifi.ec! forms (with D-.-.vico
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17. Conclus ions
The Applicant submitted no test data to justify the claim that the
Bask products would improve vehicle fuel economy or reduce emissions.
The Applicant markets two Devices (products). However, marketing
identification of each was not given.
The Applicant claimed two conflicting theories of operation to
explain the Device's effect. The Applicant claimed improved fuel
economy by both simultaneously heating and cooling the fuel air mix-
ture.
Installation (i.e. painting) of the device on an installed engine
would be difficult due to the inaccessibility of the entire exterior
manifold surfaces.
List of Attachments
Attachment A Letter dated January 20, 1981
Attachment B Aqueous Insulative Coating Compositions
' Containing Kaolin and Staple Fibers,
Patent 4,240,936 (provided with Attach-
ment A) .
Attachments C-l, C-2 Testimonial letters (provided with 511
Application)
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Attachment A
P.O. BOX 15113
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45215
(513) 769-6948
January 20, 198!
Kr. Merrill W. Ko^th
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ann Arbor, Michigan W3105
Dear Mr. Korth,
In response to your letter of January 12, 1981. Yes, we still are desirous
of having an EPA evaluation of our product.
I did not answer your earlier letters because I had no additional infor-
mation about our product regarding internal combustion gasoline engines.
The enclosed data ( patent and testing ) describes an aqueous insulative
coating composition that has significant thermal resistance to heat
transfer in thin coatings. If you exa.;.iira-: the test data fron Dr. De'fitt.PS
you will note that the coating when applied away from a heat source in
thin coats has the capability to release heat faster than normal. This
assumes that the high emissivity coating is applied to a low cinissivity sur-
face.Such could be the case with the intake :nanifold. In other words, when
the coating is applied to the exterior surface of the intake manifold, we
are in effect creating a cooler fuel charge which gives better engine per-
formance and better fuel economy. The insulative aspect of the coating has
application on the air cleaner housing. That is, the coating shields the
internal compartment heat away from the air cleaner housing,again,keeping
the air cooler. There are other areas on an internal combustion engine where
this coating has application. Perhaps, that is where the EPA could be of
help to us. •
If you need any additional information please contact me at any tine. This
information about our coating has also been submitted to the National
Bureau of standards in V/ashington for evaluation.
Very truly yours,
William J. Henning
President, Bask Industries
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:aiieti otaces latent [19]
in)
[45]
4,240,936
Dec. 23, 1980
, >4] AQUEOUS INSULATTVE COATING
COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING KAOLIN
AND STAPLE FIBERS
[75] Inventxx: William J. Henniax,220 Forest Ave,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45215
[7.1] AppLNo.: 35,462
[22] FUetL May3, 1979
[51] Int. CLJ CO8L 1/28
,'52J U.S. O. _ 260/17 R; 106/163 R;
106/193 R; 106/197 Q 106/303 B; 260/17.4 R;
428/454; 42V537
[58}; FftW of Scare* . . 260/17.4 R, 17 R;
•,.;-..-.....- . 106/308 B. 193 R, 197 Q, 163 R
•"-."-" ' •" . • • .
[56J-V. ' Referwcts Cited
. . U.S, PATENT DOCUMENTS
2,C&Z^96 12/1936
2,333,023 10/1943
2,475,634 .9/1949
3,639,297 9/1972
12/1974
«/1973
9/197S
Lcppi.
.. 260/17 3.
106/3C8 B
423/454
4. Ml.730
4.155,S37
Tboopeco
Balalinecc .
106/163 R
3/1979
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
569679 8/1977 U.S.S.R. 106/193 R
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Chcm. Absts^.vol. 76:142567h, Cirboxymcthyl Ccl-
lulcse-BtncJcr-Papca-, Mi!ov ct »1.
Chcm. Absix, vol. 83:}36152x. High-Temperature
Hcat-IajuladngCompcn^'^n N5atcria], Dfbrov ct al.
Chcm. Absts., 83:149.423m. Trtauecnt of Silicate Min-
eral* for Paper Coating. Maiden.
The Cood. Cbcm. Diet.. 5tb Ed., p. 619.
Primary Examiner—Edwsrd M. Woodberry
Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Wood, Herron & EVBJU
[57] ABSTFrACT
A liquSd multi-purpose coaling composition is disclosed
which has significant resistance to beat transfer. The
exiting oonrpositkro may be applied to many different
types of S43bs»aics inchkling wood, metal, concrete ajxl
other structural materials. The composition b a \vater-
bascd liquid ccmtaining principally kaolin, staple fibers
and a dispersing agent. Tbe coating compcsition and
artcks coaled therewith exhibit excellent insulating
properties agjdnst beat and radiant energy. Consider-
able energy savings arid various economics are obtained
by the iasulativc composition*.
14 dfliars, No Drawings
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4,240,936
1 2
to be suitably employed as a paint or coating composi-
AQLTEOUS JNSULATIVE COATING tion. Compositions containing these essential irtgrcdi-
> OMPOSmONS CONTAINING KAOLIN AND crits have been employed to coat various surfaces and
STAP1JE FIBERS such coatings formed thereby have been found to be
3 edcquatcly bonded to the substrate and capable of with-
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIO?'} standing environmental jtress without peeling or othcr-
'•"n: art of coating compositions has been very well wwc degrading.
•:!opcd. Considerable effort has been devoted to the ID a" alternative form of this invention, particularly
•vdopmcnt of protective au*J decorative layers which to enhajicc the bonding strength of the coating compo-
.y be formed on numerous subs-trales of metal, wood 10 sition to n surface, p.;,i/trD for this M whether it is to be employed as a waB paint or in other
- ::iition: .2,413^7^ 2,414,391r 2,4S«,756; £509,599; environments where a decorative effect is not esscntiaL
.57.673;- 2,372^52^ 2,8! U«3;. 3,2024 67; 3,239,475; jn formulating tlx: cocapoiitkjns of this invention, the
.•V.'-U73;.-331»,53S,- 3,323.425: 3,51 V56; 3,836,495,- ^0^ compojx^t b the cridcaDy essential component
3^07,726 and RE27,093. Th* zvbove patents to prov;dc &e insubtive capabnity necessary to obtain
, rvol rcpracnted to be the nxs! pert oca J patents, but 23 ^ ^^p^ of ^ invenUoo> ^^ fmounl rf fc|O,;I1
>
: cornered to thsclo^ coatog compoatyoa which ^^oy^ wilj vajy bot n substanlial ^nouni musl
may be compared to the subject matter __ ».. _. • ,v -_„_ _j- :_ ~A~, »~
. . . * empioycu in tee djueous xncuui in orccr to
f' n mvcn .. ,--. coating which may be film-formed and msulating>
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 30 Whereas kaolin has been employed io prior coating
.,_ . , . . .. f ..,• - • compositions, it boot fcr.own by npplicant to Jiave been
17:c insulatrve coating compcsjtjoo of thb invention f ... • „ , , . .
... • ,. ,- .^_i . « r-u j employed LO substantially large amounts such that the
r.si5.ts essentially of kaolmpartjcies, staple!fibers and a . . ..._,/ , - - r, r
, - * • ,- i. •> v. coating wh>clj B firrn-formcd coasjstj essentially of
agcol m aa aqueous medium. It has been .,..,._„ ,, .
—-•••-•— kaoho. Therefore, amounts of jcaoun on the
i rxl that a highly efficient msu^trvc coating coinpcsi-
n'nwy be formulated in * rkjrad state having a VBCC*- X ?rdcT of about ™fo ">»« 9°% by weight are employed
wluch makes it easily employed w a paint composi- ' cl ^c«x« ?»*» to acrocve the cleared results. AJV
or a multi-purpose coating. Tb* compositJct. has olh€r °^^' component ts the fibrwts binder. It has t
been found that cellulose fiberj, made from shredded
j
n found to provide substantial resistance to transfer bcca touDd thal ccU^'ose fibers, ni3c5c from ^redded *
^ heat or radiant energy. The composition can be very newspaper wh>cb ha* been blended m the sq^ota me- ^
ronotnkalJy formulated to provide an energy saving 4Q di^ wch thal tfte fib=rs »«»me dispersed therein, arr
•ating. la thb connection, h ha*been discovered that suable. In general, staple fibers, Le.. on an order of
-: ides such as walls, window frames, light futures, and magnitude of about J irjcb to about 2 inches, enable the
c !.:ke ca» be provided with * coating which win coating composition to be applied satisfactorily to a
.;.b!c insulatrve properties to be enhanced on sJgnifi- surface. The fibers permit the aqueous kao'.ir. coating
int orr!ers of magnitude even with rdativdy thin coat- 45 composition to be film-formed on a surface ar,d bound
. ^ layers. thereon without cn>cking. In other words, the fibers
in a preferred form, the msulative ooatrng composi- serve an essential binding function oa the kaolrn solids
m consists essentially of an aqococa medium contain- which arc film-formed on a surface. The ceUnlose fibers
.;; rJm-forming solids consisting e&senttally of a sub-. *&*> provide a supplemental iraul.iting capability, dc-
..itial amount of kaolin, c minor amount of cellulose 50 pc"d'ng uP°n the quantity employed'b the composi-
-: s and a minor amount of a dispersing agent In this tion. Generally, reinforcing staple fibers arc included on
p.position, it has been found that the kaolin may be 8TI order of about 1 to about 5 percent by weight. It
.1 i'erroed onto s surface and provide a significant should be understood that the so called "slapk:" fibers
u 1'ating capability. The effects arc considered to be vary in length, but arc normally short fibers and these \
.-prising and heretofore unappreciated. Also, thecoat- 55 a^c preferred. Whereas,'it is also prefcrabVe to employ I
..-. niay be subjected to environmental, as well as ex- ccllulosic fibers because they arc relatively inexpensive,
.•n)c ambient stress conditions, and the coating will not and such fiberj rwve been found tocoact with the kaolin
.•'.ok. peel or powder. In thb composition, the cellulose clay to provide the desired results, it should be undcr-
-:-rs may be very economically provided by waste stood that other fibers of a similar nature including-
ifxrr or newsprint which ha* been shredded and 60 cotton, wool, wood, glass, polyester, or the like may be
rrsdcd with the kaolin and dbpersing aids. employed to provide the desired results according to
hi another preferred form, the insulstive coating the principles of thb invention. However, for econo-
•i!position b formulated with kaolin in » substantial mica and energy savings, waste paper fibers arc pre-
•••!Mf to provide insulating capability, cclluknic fibers ferrrd.
x:r.!nr- amount, dispersing aids and a thickcrin^ or 63 Dbpersants are employed in the ao4!j5O'j-s ceat-.ng
.;.(!Op;c agent in s minor amount Thb fonr.ulation compositions to adequately iujp«xj JJ>d stabilize the
. :niLs the crap'oyrncnt of amounts of insuhtiw; kaolin kaolin particles in the aqueous media along with the
.ty, ^dequately dbpcrsed »nd stabilized in a liquid base binding ccllulosic fibers and other additives. Such
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3 • ^40,936 I'-' ^
• •.::;; agsnU or surfactaios are well known and devcl- reference to the above mentioned pjicriis. U'hcn em-
.-.! in the coating art. Typically, the surfacLjii!! arc of ployed, depending upon ihc desired effect, such laliccs
• -inionic type- Inorganic anionic surfactants or dis- arc used in amounts of from sboul 5 to about 20 percent
;ing aidi inclixle tctrn potassium pyro phosphate, by weight. In compositions of thts invention, an acrylic
:r alkali metaJ phosphorus salts, or other alkali or 3 resin, a poly vinyl aceintc or copdy-mers thereof arc
• line earth metal salts. Other anionic surfactants preferred.
iuJe alkali and alkaline earth metal salu of ncutral-
.! phosphoric acid eaters of oxyalkylated higher alky!
nob or aliphatic monohydric alcohols. Other ani-
ic surfactants of saponified fatty acids or scaps arc 10
•!! known in the coatings art and rcfercrvce may be
•.tie to the above patents for further detulj of such
parsing aids or surfactants. In general, a surfactant or
;/rrjJng aid is employed in a minor amount, i.e., on an
.\r.r of about 0.01 to about 1.5% by weight. In nddi- 15 general rule.
•:: to the ankmvc dispersing aids or surfactants, non- The principles of this invention V--H1 be further undcr-
:ic agents may also be employed. Typically, the non-
••c surfactants have hydrophilic portions or side
•ijns usually of the polyoxyalkylene type. The oil
iublc or dispcrsabre part of the molecule is derived 20
>-n either fatty jxrxis, alcohols, amides or amines. By
.:i:iblc choice of starting materials and regulation of
: length of the polyoxyalkyleoc chain, the surfactant
.. u of the DOniocuc detergents may be varied as b well
..nvn. Suitable examples of nonionic surfactants in- 25
:-.!c alkyl pbenoiy polyoxy cihylcnc gjyco*. for cxaro-
••:, cthylene oxxie adduct of either octyl-, nonyl- or
.!ccyl plienoi arxJ the like, Tbese mentioned ivonionic
i inctantj arc usually prepared by reaction of the alkyl
' c-nol with ethyVene oxide. Other anionic or DOnionic 3O
•r-^rsants or surfactants which may be employed and
Other ingredients, such as funjpckics may also be
included. Among the suitable pigments which may be
used in accordance, with this invention are the finely
divided ruti'c tiunium dioxides. Plainer.;* other than
rutilc lit.inium d>oxidc can, however, also bo uicd The
pigment particles should not have * diimctcr in excess
of about 50ft, bul particle sizes cvca «j little as. 0.1 arc
suitable. The particle siies of the tao4in follow the same
stood with reference to the following
EXAMPLE I
An insulative coatiog composition was prepared by
blending the following ingredients
Perccol
42.6*
.14
.43
.43
J&
Z13
Trtn PotauiiTO 1
(Sertactanl ex Cnpcru>( Aid)
Wetting A^cnl (P)yr*c*A '
LccJuitrin (Pijmcni 1
EUiyiCT* Glyoo! (Motsr^nr Xcteoc
well known in the coating formulation art arc dis-
..vcd, for example, in "Surface Active Agents and
s^-by Schwartz ct al (1958, InterscicEcc Pub-
' ,.:.... - • • 35
•V'h-en the loolin b employed in a substantial jxnxxmt
che aqueous media, for cxampie 70 percent by •weight,
;::n'Js to have its own thixotropk: properties. Accord-
. ;!y, the coating composition may be so formulated at
•oh high solids concentrations of kaolin and the viscos- 40
y is such that it may be readily applied aa a paint or
••Ming. However, at lower concentrations of kaolin,
•r example about 3O-4Q%, it may be necessary to cm-
•'oy a thickening agent. Thickening or thixotroptc
.ents such as bydroxy ethyl cellulose, metliyl ccllu- 45
•-c. carboxy tnethyj cellulose therefore may be em-
'oyecl in a very minor amount on the order of about
'>! to about 13% by weight. Other thickeners which
...iy be used are polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic, gum
1.42
.43
.07
3.13
4.26
3.5J
30.70
jcn
9J4
100
Butyl Eih« of Dict^fepc CJycol
Acrtalfi (Co*icx3ni A£n>*im O>OJ:.'~
i Cii) :;
ICtoln (P>rricic Sire
^urfr 0.1
\'nj1 AccCt:c Acrjlic
The above composition was formulated for painting
interior surfaces. The kaolin compor>eT>t was contained
in a high percentage on a dry weight basis and the ccllo-
losic fibers were provided by shredded newsprint
, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium polyacryl- 50 which was dispersed throughout tbc aqueous media
;•, .v.::moniuro alginatc, sodium alginatc. and the like. during high sp-ecd blending. In thts fonuuLttkMi s vinyl
As MJO mentioned, when desired, a polymer or latex acetate acrylic copolymcr latex is i»ed to provide addi-
drr may be employed to serve as a supplemental tional binding strength of the cc-itinj oo the wall sur-
• •.':cf :'.nd aid in the adherence of the coating composi- face. The other ingredients and their fuoctioo arc identi-
:i to a. surface. Conventional latex polymers are usu- 55 fied in the above listing of the coffipoocnis.
''.••> thermoplastic. The polymer particles arc made • The composition of Example 1 was coated oclo the
:!icicntly soft or additives are included in the formula- interiors of aluminum window fr»n>cs. The coating
• :n to permit ccudcsence of the particles as a film after composition was applied with a brush on an unpaintcd
: is formed. Polymers and copolymers of acrylic acid. aluminum interior window frame ra a thickness of ap-
ic-lhacrylic acid, esters of these acids, etc., generally 60 proximatcly 4-6 mils, Widi an outsxSe air tenperaturc
.'.lied an "acrylic resin** are usually employed. Viny- of about 40* F. and an indoor temperature of sbout 65*
•crlnte and cthylene copolymers are also employed in F., the window frames coxted with the iosulabvc com-
.-.oh laticcs. Among other water dispersible binders arc position exhibited a temperature of »boot 55" F. The
• :lyvinyl alcohol, hydrol>-zcd polyvinyl acetate, hy- temperature results were obuined using » Raytex Infra-
'.VT.td copolymers of vinyl esters or organic acicJi 65 red Scanner No. R3SORVF. hiving an sccvr^y of pli:.i
••.'• other po'iyrr-icmiblc comonomcrs, for example, or minus2* F. Tl>e ur«ro.i!e-J v.indow fruixv* in ihc s.i:n tcmt-xrjturc rr^xiinj of 62' F. The
•.r. Other polyrr>cT based laticcs may be employed with temperature reading on the puCoCe frame thai w.is
1.
*.''•
8
I
1
V
5
j-
i
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1J
4,240,936
coated on the interior frame with the irwuhlive coating
Composition was about 53' F. The temperature on the
outside frame that was not coated on the interior fnime
was' about 60" F. Accordingly, -the insulativc coating
composition of this invention when applied to such an 5
aluminum substrate provided about a 10 to 12% reduc-
tion in heat lo?.v • • '. / '
In order to further demonstrate the insulative charac- '
tcrislics of a coating composition formed In accord :\r>cc
with the principles of Lhk» invention, z. 9 jr-ch length of 1°
} inch OD copper tubing waa :x«ited with approxi-
mately a 1 inch thjckjxss r-f tlic insulative coating cora-
ncsiuon of Example • 'ioto one end of the tubing for 5
ii,ch~ T..-- _.uve o^tiag was applied with a brush
6
-continued
Percent
Ingredient
2.55 Ethylerx Clycol
1.70 Butyl EiScf of D>eihylcr« Clycol
.51 Chethylew: Gl>col Ethyl Elh«r
.C3 Bx:letTckJe-Fun£Jov<= « Formica, top table having a .medium brown
color in a room heated at about .63' F. Prior to coating
the rcfkcti ve shield with the above composition, the
1'ght ^^ turned on for aboul one hour. "There was no
temperature change observed upon taking readings of
the uble surface upon employing the infrared scanner
described in Example I. However, after coating the
reflective shield of the lighting fixture using the coating
composition of this Ej^unptc II, the temperature read-
ing on the table was about 67" F. after one hour with the
\vilh Example I was also applied to walls, ceilings and 30 light. The room temperature remained at 63" F. The
lloorx with suitable applicators in thicknesses approxi-
mating about 10-12 mQs. After a passage of about 6
months, the coating did not chip, peel or powder. Fur-
thermore, such coatings applied to heating ovens have
exhibited considerable natural gas savings. For Lastar.ce,
the interior of a large Lodortrial baie oven was coated
on its walls, ceiling and floor with the composition of
Example I having a thickrvess approximating 10-12 mils.
This coating after six months has not chipped, peeled or
powdered. Prior to coating the industrial bake oven, a
start-up of the oven up to the oven temperature of 3CO"
F. required about 55 minutes. After coating, only 30
minutes were required to come up to 300" F. Addition-
ally, the following temperature readings were taken at
four different locations on the exterior of the insulated
oven booth, both before s.rxJ after the coating was ap-
plied.
Ccxiirol Area
(Vinho'c Am
Main Acccu
Ke«r Acco> Ethvl Ctllulfw
Cctlulmc FiSrr
Pcrccul
65
16,16
Tctm
Anti-foam
Pyro
The above formulation was essentially the same as
Example II, except that the Isles binder, coalescing
agents and pigment were eliminated. When th: formula-
tion was employed to co-'it various surfaces in a manner
substantially similar to the coating of articles according
to Examples 1 and H. substantially similar results of
insulalive and reflective capabilities were achieved.
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/ o
:\ .-."C'.jrriar>cc with the above description and operat- 8. The composition of claim ~l wherein said
••/..::•.pier, other medifications may be uiide to this fibers arc derived from wist; paper.
, .:,,:ion without departing from the spirit a/>d scope 9. An aqueous insulati^c coating composition having
•,-.<.•<:> f. film-forming solids consisting essentially of kaolin parti-
: chum: 5 clcs in an amount of about 30 to about 90% by weight.
'. An imvliijve aqueous coating composition con- waste paper fibers in an amount from about 1 to about
••'.irr< film-forrniag solids consisting cSMmtLxlly of tao- 59o by weight and a minor amount of a dispersing agent
. ; articlw in an amount on the order of about 30% to for said solids in the aqueous composition, said kaolin
-.".it 90% by weight, itaplc fibers and a dispersing panicles having a diameter less than about 50 microns.
• :it for laid solids in the aqueous composition, said 10 10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said dispers-
,,lin particles having a diameter less tha-n about 50 ing agent is selected from the group consist!-!:; of non-
::rons. " ionic and anionic surfactants.
.'•:. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a 11. The composition of claim 10 wherein said dispcrs-
:• 'xcnin^ agent. ing agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to
..V The composition of claim 2 -wherein said thxrk-en- 15 about 1.5% by weight
; ar,tnt U a cellulcsic thickcjvcr. 12. The composition of claim 9 further comprising a
'-. The composition of claim 3 wherein said ocllulosic ccllulosic thickener in an amount of from about 0.01 to
o!c.r;>er is selected from the group of methyl cellulose, about 1.5% by weight
,..1,'oayethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. 13. The composition of claim 9 further comprising a
:>. Th« composition of claim 1 further comprising a 20 btei binder in an amount of from about 5 to about 20%
•::>or amount of * btci binder. by weight
&. The cocjpcwtiofl of Ha>m 5 wherein said latex 14. The composition of claim 13 wherein said late* **A
i-icJ-r M selected frotn the group of an acrylic resin, a binder is selected from the group consisting of an vT-rTj
nyl acetate polyrocr, and copoJymcrs thereof. acrylk: resin, a vinyl acetate polymer and copolyrrtcn
7. The composition ofdaicn 1 wherein said fibers arc 25 thereof.
fibers. ' • .....
Vv».
<;*
35
<5
50
60
65
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,, , CINCINNATI Yi;i.LOW CAR CO.. INC
...'.:.2..L:.x mnxi Muior. PARKWAY TAXI CO...
January 3,
it r . \-'. i 1 1i a in J . H e n n i n g
P. a s k T11 d u s t r i o r., I n c .
P.O. Hox 15113
Cincinnati, Ohio V5215
Dear Hr. Henning:
The fo.llovn'.Mg are results v.-hicli v?e could detect from the
Bar.kotc coating which was applied to three of our vehicles.
The firr.t reoult was the detor-iorntion of heat luii "I.d-up
from v/ithin the engine conipr-.rtiaent. Thi.-: :i n our industry
could be of very f.rent import.p.nce by cre;itin{- a longer engine
.VJfe plus giv.inp; nc: additional v;are fr-orr, the he To 5; and hoses
necessary for the operation of our vc.-hicler..
The next result war. a slight increase :i n the gasoline mile-
age. We noticed approximately one (I) mile per gallon increase
on an average. .The effect, of Baskcto on gasoline nixleago i:; a
difficult one for UK to determine due to two main factors;
1) The age of the vehicles which were used in the test
and the fact each had over 100,000 miles.
i?) The driving habits of the various drivers which were
ope r- a t i. n g t h o v e h i c 1 e s d u ran g the t e :> t period.
The results received froir> our testing of Haskote could be of
great b(Mu?f.it to our industry.
;'J. Cahall, President
Cincinnati Yellow Cab Co.,Inc
(jy.,v Parkway Tasi. Company
1110 Kl NSI l{ SIKIT1
CINCI-^.SAII. OHIO -»S
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December 17, 1979
Mr. William J. Henning
Bask Industries
P, o. Box 15113
Cincinnati, Ohio 45215
Dear Mr. Henning:
For your records, on the four trucks involved, we
experienced, during the s.uirtmer months, an honest'.3/10 of
a. -mile. improvement on fuel economy.
We weren' t sure of the. effect of cold weather on these
'ye.hficles-, but to da.te we have not noticed any drop in
.fuel economy w.hile. operatincj in cold temperatures.
Your- product, Basko, se.ep.s- to afford an excellent heat
• s.hi.eld from encjirxe temperatures.
W.. Hea.drick
of -Maintenance
: be
4560 N. Second St. St. Louis. Missouri 63147 (314)231-0350
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