EPA-AA-TEB-83-4 Procurement of Privately-Owned Passenger Cars Using In-House Resources by Thomas C. Bejma and Rosemarie Demyan September, 1983 Test and Evaluation Branch Emission Control Technology Division Office of Mobile Sources U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- ABSTRACT This report describes the effort to procure 104 high mileage, in-use, privately-owned (1980-81) passenger cars for an exhaust emission testing project. This project, known as "EF-II", was conducted at EPA's Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory (MVEL). The primary objective of this program was to measure regulated pollutants from a random sample of vehicles. The information gathered is being used to predict future emission levels from these categories of vehicles once they obtain the same mileage under more normal driving conditions. The secondary objective was the assessment of the feasibility of performing such a program without contracting for all or part of the work. The test vehicles were selected from owners who lived within a 20 mile radius of MVEL. Names were chosen at random from the State Motor Vehicle Registration list. Direct mail solicitation was the primary method of contact. Telephone follow-ups were used to reach those vehicle owners who did not respond to the initial mailing. The first car was delivered for testing on April 12, 1982 and the program was completed on September 30, 1982. Overall, the program was successful in showing that a large scale procurement activity can be performed using in-house resources. The positive features of this method include flexibility, speed, and close involvement. On the other hand, the cost savings in performing the program in-house were relatively minor in comparison to the difficulties involved in dealing directly with the public. Although we would not recommend that this type of effort routinely be performed by government personnel, it could be much more effective than a contract for smaller programs of immediate need. ------- INTRODUCTION In order to assess the most cost-effective method of obtaining privately-owned, in-use vehicles for testing at the Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory, a vehicle procurement program was planned which would use only Federal employees and intramural funding. The purpose of this type of program was to determine the feasibility of such a method rather than using contracts, as have been used in the past for large scale Emission Factor programs. There were a number of significant problems encountered in this entirely in-house effort. Incentives, loaner cars, tune-up parts, and liability were the major ones. This report will provide an account of how these problems were solved. PLANNING A PERT chart (Figure 1) was prepared as the first step in the procurement process which gave the deadlines for each step in order to begin the program on schedule. There were two differences between this chart and the actual steps taken: one was that there was no advertising of the test program: solicitation was only done through mailings and phone calls. The other difference was that the registration lists were obtained from EPA's Manufacturers Operations Division. They obtain listings directly from the State of Michigan as part of their Recall Program. This saved both time and expense. The entire process proceeded as scheduled. STAFFING A staff was assembled using experienced personnel .supplemented by temporary employees and student aids. A chart of the planned organization and a listing of the categories of personnel is shown by Figure 2. In the actual conduct of the program, the QC functions were performed by the Project Manager and his assistant, eliminating the need for those two positions. Moreover, the personnel assigned to this project were not always fully utilized and were often involved in other activities. Overall, each tested vehicle resulted in approximately 30 person-hours of effort, not including testing resources. TEST VEHICLE SELECTION Vehicles were first selected on a purely random basis within each model year. Other than safety related items, the only rejection criterion, was odometer reading. Vehicles from the 1980 model year were to have accumulated at least 40,000 miles. For 1981 models, the minimum was 25,000. This method eliminated the need to weight the sample by other selection criteria and simplified the procurement process. There was no need to fill certain cells by quotas. In order to maintain the maximum level of randomness possible, direct mail solicitation was used. Only candidates who had received one of the letters were eligible to participate. A copy of the solicitation letter and enclosures are contained in Appendices A, B, and C. ------- TEST VEHICLE rat-cjaagyc FOR s?-ri PERT CHART FIGURE 1 Official Go-Ahead 1* f Escimace of \ "> Resources Require Flow Chart of Overall Program / Loaner Cars 1 Available \(fast start-up) Data Sheets Developed 2./IJ! Means Co Issue Incentives Solicicacion Package Core Personnel Assigned Approval to Advertise Work Area Outfitted Wort Area Identified Basic Staff Trained Basic Staff on Hand Full Staff On Hand full Scaff Trained Full Scale Operation '^\ Leaner Fleet ------- TEST VEHICLE PROCUREMENT FOR EF-II FIGURE 2 Quality Control .Auditor * .Clerk * PROPOSED ORGANIZATION CHART Management .Project Manager (Tom Bejma) .Assistant ' (Matt Macocha) Inspection and Maintenance .Lead Mechanic (Steve Dorer) .Mechanic .Mechanic .Mechanic's Helper Vehicle Acquisition .Clerk LISTING OF PERSONNEL Position Project Manager Assistant QC Auditor QC Clerk Lead Mechanic Mechanic Mechanic Mechanic's Helper Procurement Clerk Job Title Engineer or Technician Engineer or Technician Engineer or Technician Technician Technician Technician Technician Student Aide Clerk or Clerk/Typist GS Level Appointment 13 7-11 5-9 3-5 9 or 10 9 9 1 3,4 or 5 PFT PFT TFT TFT PFT TFT TFT TFT TFT Hours 1560 1560 1040 1040 . 430 1040 870 1040 1040 *These two positions were not required in the actual conduct of the program. ------- INCENTIVES A schedule of incentives was devised which was thought to provide the maximum response to the program. Owners of eligible vehicles were offered the following: 1) computerized tune-up of their vehicle, 2) a full tank of gas upon return of the vehicle, 3) the results of the fuel economy and emission tests, and 4) either a check for $25 per day for each day the vehicle was in this test facility or a check for $10 per day plus a loaner vehicle. However, in each case, the maximum cash value of the incentive was listed as $150. The tune-up appeared to enhance the response rate, as evidenced by the comments of various owners. For an average cost of $35 per vehicle, it was a small cost relative to the overall incentive cost of $140 per vehicle. The purchasing of the tune-up parts was accomplished through the use of "blanket purchase order agreements" and supplemented with "petty cash". Payment of cash incentives was accomplished through the use of Government checks. Cash transactions are very difficult for the government due to the monumental amounts of security and bookkeeping required. Originally it was thought that issuing checks would be a problem also. However, very few complaints were received from participants even though it took from four to six weeks after their vehicles were returned before they received their checks. To issue Government checks, purchasing approval authority was provided to the Program Manager and to the Project Manager up to a maximum of $250. With this approval, the checks were requisitioned from the Cincinnati Accounting Office through the use of SF-44's. The only difficulty encountered was the late mailing of several checks due to a misunderstanding at the accounting office in Cincinnati where the checks originated. Appendix D is a summary of the total incentive costs of the program. This includes parts cost, incentive payments, and gas costs. In April 1982, the following vehicles were leased from Sample Enterprises for use as loaners: 1981 Mercury Lynx, 1981 Ford Fairmont, and 1981 Dodge Omni. On July 1, EPA's Operational Characteristics Survey (OCS) study provided two addditional loaner vehicles. Each was equipped with instrumentation to measure different parameters of vehicle operation. These two cars, a 1981 Chevette and a 1981 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, were also leased from Sample Enterprises. Since the drivers of these vehicles were required to perform some additional tasks related to the study, $20 was offered as additional incentive. In mid-July, two additional loaner cars, a 1981 Malibu Classic and 1981 Grand Prix, were leased from Budget Rent-A-Car. These vehicles were necessary because of the need for additional and larger vehicles, comparable to the large vehicles which participants brought in for testing. Thus, for most of the program there was a fleet of seven loaner cars. Each of the loaner vehicles was fully insured by the lessor. The government is a self-insured entity and was responsible for any and all damage to participants' vehicles while in its possession. Each vehicle ------- was equipped with an automatic transmission and air conditioning. Most were four door models. Some minor damage to several of the participants vehicles was taken care of to their satisfaction. No damage occurred to any of the loaner vehicles during this program. PROCUREMENT TECHNIQUES Over a 3-month period, March 29 to June 9, a total of 1200 solicitation packages were mailed to owners of 1980 and 1981 automobiles. This represented a random sample of 1980 and 1981 vehicles registered in Washtenaw, Wayne, and Livingston Counties. Because this program was accepting only high-mileage vehicles, this sample size of 1200 was chosen based on an estimate that 1 in 10 vehicles would have accumulated the minimum number of miles at the time of testing. The solicitation package included an introductory letter, a list of questions and answers about the program, and a postpaid reply card with which an owner could respond to report his willingness to participate. Figure 3 is a flow chart of the process. The postage paid reply card offered five responses for the vehicle owner: 1) Yes, my vehicle has accumulated over 40,000/25,000 miles and I am interested, 2) Unfortunately, my vehicle has not accumulated over. 40,000/25,000 miles. However, I might be willing to participate in future test programs., 3) Sorry, I have chosen not to participate, 4) I would like more information, 5) I no longer own the vehicle. The overall response rate for this test program was 88%. Figure 4 indicates the response rate for each method of procurement, i.e., initial mailing, second mailing and phone calls. Over 50% of the responses were received within the first two weeks of each mailing. Of these initial responses, 13.5% indicated they had accumulated the appropriate mileage and that they were willing to participate in our testing program. The majority of the vehicle owners (54.7%), expressed an interest in the program but had not accumulated the appropriate mileage. There were 12.2% who chose not to participate. Very few vehicle owners (3.5%) requested more information while 11.6% responded that they no longer owned the vehicle. Six percent of the letters were returned as undeliverable. Figure 5 is a piechart which categorizes the responses for the initial mailings. From a total of 1200 letters mailed to vehicle owners, only three postcards were returned with negative remarks about the testing program and/or the EPA. Two weeks - after the letters were sent out, a second mailing was sent to the vehicle owners who had not responded and whose telephone numbers were not listed. This mailing resulted in responses from an additional 19%. Thus, the total response rate for mailings was 69%. Figure 6 is a cumulative graph of responses versus time. ------- FIGURE 3 VCUCLF. SOLICITATION PK,)CS2UKES TOR EF-II File for Possible FoUov-Uo ------- FIGURE 4 RESPONSE RflTES-EFlI 1 INITIflL MLNG-52X 2 SECOND MLNG-19Z 3 PHONE CflLLS-l8X 4 UNflBLE TO CONTRCT-12X ------- 10 FIGUilE 5 PROFILE OF TOTflL RESPONSES 1 ELIGIBLE-13.5X 2 INELIGI81E-5H.7X 3 NOT INTERESTED-12.2X 4 REQUEST INFO.-2.OX 5 NO LNGR OWN VEHICIE- 1 0.OX 6 UNflBLE TO CONTflCT-1 2.OX ------- FIGURE 6 EF- ! PRFXLIREMENT RESULT! H/H2 B/B2 j ui LI m "7 /_. n n in u tr L n n BEJ . SE3 . 0 3 PI . 0 . 0 . El s:. 0 I 0 . tl I S . 2£ . 13 30 C> H Y 5 ------- 12 In addition to the two mailings, phone calls were made to the vehicle owners who had not responded or who could not be contacted through the mail. This solicitation resulted in a response rate of 18%. Figure 7 presents the results of the phone contacts. Finally, a list was compiled of those cars which had not accumulated the appropriate mileage but could possibly accumulate it prior to the completion of our test program. Thus, the profile of the total responses for the EF-II test program is as follows: 10% were interested in participating and, had accumulated the appropriate mileage, 49.5% percent were interested in our test program but had not accumulated the appropriate mileage, 15% were not interested in participating in the test program, 3.5% required more information, 10% no longer owned the correct vehicle, and 12% were not able to be reached either by mailings or phone calls. Figure 8 illustrates the total response profile. Once the eligibility of a particular vehicle was established, the owner was asked to bring his vehicle to MVEL. A meeting was scheduled at his convenience. At this meeting, the owner was asked to complete a questionnaire and sign a contract to exchange the vehicles (Appendix E). Loaner vehicles were provided if the owner requested. Test vehicles were brought in at a rate of 4 per week with an average time from pick up to return of 7.0 days. A total of 104 cars were brought in for testing. Four of the exchanges of cars took place at the owner's residence, while the remaining exchanges occurred at MVEL. Both the loaners and test vehicles were washed and refueled before they were given to the participants. The majority of the meetings were successful although there was some difficulty with cancellations or late arrivals. PARTICIPANT PROFILE Due to the fact that the testing program sought only high mileage vehicles, it was found that the majority of the vehicle owners commuted long distances to work or used the vehicle for business, i.e. sales. Almost all of the vehicles were predominantly driven on city expressways. Approximately 3/4 of the vehicle owners claimed they maintained the vehicles in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Almost all of the owners expressed concern for the fuel economy and half kept detailed records of their fuel usage. The majority of the owners were satisfied with their vehicle's engine performance, although some had experienced major problems with carburetors, transmissions, etc. Several vehicles had to have major repairs done while in our test program. In general, these repairs involved replacement of faulty parts which were covered under the emission warranty or recalls for which the owners had neglected to have the work performed. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Overall, the program was successful in showing that a large scale procurement activity can be performed using in-house resources. The positive features of this method include flexibility, speed, and close ------- 13 FIGURE 7 PROFILE OF RESPONSES TO PHONE CflLLS FOR EF-II 1 ELIGIBLE-8.3X 2 INELIGIBLE-SI.72 3 NOT INTEflESTE0-2t .OX NO LNGR OWN VEHICLE-3.32 FIGURE 8 PROFILE OF TOTRL RESPONSES 1 ELIGIBLE-13.SX 2 INELIGISLE-5H.72 3 NOT INTEBESTEO-12.2X REQUEST INFO.-2.OX 5 NO LNGR OWN VEHICL£- 1 0.OX S UNflBLE TO CONTfiCT-12.0X ------- 14 involvement. On the other hand, the cost savings in performing the program in-house were relatively minor in comparison to the difficulties involved in dealing directly with the public. The absolute savings cannot be accurately determined due to the number of support personnel used at various times during the program, e.g., the purchasing department staff and resources, and significant overhead items such as phone, copy machine, office supplies, etc. While this effort was ultimately successful, it pointed out the rigidity of the bureaucratic process. There can be a great deal of "red tape" involved with simple tasks such as printing of forms. In addition, we have to worry about "freezes" on certain actions, having the work done only at specific locations, keeping below a certain dollar amount, etc. Although we would not recommend that this type of effort routinely be performed by government personnel, this type of effort could be much more effective than a contract for smaller programs of immediate need. ------- 15 APPENDIX A ^ STATES ENVIRON MENTAL PROTECTIO ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN i3lC5 September 2, 1982 OFFICE OF AIR. NOISE AND RADIATION Debbie K. Zeeb 5370 Earhart Road Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Dear Vehicle Owner: As I am sure you are aware, the nation's air pollution problem is a very serious matter. You may be able to contribute significantly toward its improvement and be rewarded for your cooperation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently involved in a number of programs to reduce air pollution. One of these is to determine the emissions from in-use passenger cars to assess how effective our current pollution con- trol regulations are, and to see if any refinements to these regulations are warranted. This testing will be conducted at EPA's Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory in Ann Arbor. Your 1980 vehicle has been randomly selected from registration lists as a candidate for testing. If you are willing to participate, we will fur- ther consider your vehicle on the basis of the information you provide on the enclosed postcard. Once we obtain the information on the accumulated miles of your vehicle, we can randomly select a sample for testing. Should your vehicle be chosen, we will contact you to schedule the test at your convenience and offer you the following incentives: 1) Your vehicle will be tuned to manufacturer's using computerized diagnostic equipment. specifications 2) It will be returned with a full tank of fuel. 3) You will receive the results of the emission and fuel economy tests. 4) You will be sent a check in the amount of $25 per day (up to a maximum of $150) for each day your vehicle is being tested. If you wish, we will provide you with a late model, fully insured loaner car. In this case, the amount of the check will be $10 per day. No unusual operations will be performed on your vehicle and it will be fully insured tor the entire test period. The testing will be conducted in our laboratory under simulated driving conditions. The tests will take 4 to 7 days to complete due to the need to stabilize the vehicle temperature before each test by parking it overnight in the laboratory so ------- 16 that we can measure normal start-up emissions. Your vehicle will prob- ably accumulate less than 200 total miles. We would be happy to show you our laboratory and how the testing is conducted, if you are interested. For chis particular test program, we are planning to test only vehicles with over 40,000 miles. However, even if your car has less than 40,000 miles, it is very important to the statistical accuracy of our study and to assure that we do not follow—op with additional reminders, that you complete and return the enclosed postpaid reply card at your earliest convenience. A list of the questions most commonly asked about this program is also enclosed. If you have additional questions or would like any further information, please check the appropriate box on the postcard or contact Rosemarie Demyan of my staff at 668-4416. •I Thank you for your cooperation. Your willingness to participate is important to the accuracy of our study. I am looking forward to your reply. Sincerely, Ralph C. Stahman, Chief Test and Evaluation Branch ------- 17 APPENDIX B MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION TESTING PSOGHAMS Questions and Answers 1. Must I participate in this program? So, your cooperation in this program is completely voluntary. If, for any reason, you decide not to participate, please let us know on the enclosed postpaid reply card. 2. Why should I participate? In addition to the loaner vehicle (or $25 per day), and a full tank of gasoline, your participation will benefit you indirectly by helping EPA understand and improve the quality of the air in and around your city. 3. How long will the test program take? The test program takes approximately 1 to 2 weeks. The length of time is dependent on the number of tests required and how many other cars are being tested. 4. Will ay vehicle be mistreated in any way? JIo, every aspect of the test program has been designed to duplicate everyday operation. 5. Exactly what will be done to ay vehicle? An underhood inspection and routine maintenance, if necessary, will be performed prior to each test. The vehicle must -be completely cooled off before the test can begin. This requires that the vehicle not be started for 12 to 36 hours to simulate overnight parking. Once the vehicle is sufficiently cooled off, it will be pushed onto a dynamometar. Although the vehicle doesn't actually move during the test, the dynamometar is a type of treadmill which simulates conditions which would normally be encountered on the road. A hose is connected to the exhaust pipe co collect che exhaust. A specially trained driver then starts the vehicle and "drives" it through a "driving cycle" which represents typical operation in urban, suburban and rural areas. Throughout this time, a portion of the axhaust gases is collected for subsequent analysis. This analysis allows us to calculate che quantity of exhaust emissions emitted by your vehicle. Values for the city and highway fuel economy are also calculated. Typically 2 to 3 of these tast sequences will be performed on your car. ------- 18 6. How many miles will my vehicle be driven during che program? Tour vehicle will be driven approximately 100 odometer miles during che testing. The majority of these miles will be accumulated indoors on the dynamometer. A 10 minute road test might precede the dynamometer testing. 7. How will my vehicle be protected while in EPA's possession? In addition to providing insurance, we will store jour vehicle indoors while the testing is being conducted. If required to be parked outside, your vehicle will be located in a locked and secure area at the EPA Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory. 3. What happens Co che information obtained from my vehicle? The information collected as a result of this program is used Co determine the emissions performance of in—use vehicles and its effect on air quality. The data from jour vehicle are combined with data from other vehicles in this area in order to obtain a statistically valid sample. 9. How can I obtain che results from che testing of' my vehicle? If you request, after Che completion of che cesting you can obtain che results on your vehicle. We will forward chem co you as soon as all che data have been processed. 10, What happens- if ay vehicle, fails to near any emission standards? We expect chat a certain proportion of che vehicles will fail Co meet one or more of che emission standards. However, none of che information collected from chis program will be used against individual vehicle owners. ------- 19 APPENDIX C D D D D D Telephone Yes, my vehicle has accumulated over 40,000 miles and I am interested. Unfortunately, my vehicle has not accumulated 40,000 miles. However, I might be willing to participate in future programs. Sorry, I have chosen not to participate I would like more information I no longer own this 1980 vehicle. / Best time to call f/EPA Official Susinaa Penalty 'or Private U* 1300 Postage and F««« Paid Environ m VATII Protection Agency SPA 335 Unittd Statea Environmental Protection Agency EPA, MVEL, ECTD, TEB-13 2565 Plymouth Road Ann Arbor, MI 48105 .'ORM 1320-9* 12-79) ------- APPENDIX D Direct Costs on a Per Vehicle Basis EF-II 20 Tune-up Cash Gas(b) Costs Incentive Incentive Total 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 Mercury Ford Chevrolet Plymouth Buick Chevrolet Oldsmobile Ford Toyota Chevrolet Ford Chevrolet Lincoln Ford Honda Pontiac Ford Oldsmobile Chevrolet Chevrolet Plymouth Chevrolet Ford Ford Datsun Ford Chevrolet Toyota Buick Ford Buick Chevrolet Chevrolet Chrysler Ford Mercury Chevrolet Chevrolet Pontiac Chevrolet Chevrolet Pontiac Chevrolet Dodge Chevrolet Ford Chevrolet Chevrolet Chevrolet Dpdi?e Marquis Fiesta Malibu Duster Skylark Citation 98 LTD Corolla Citation Thunder bird Citation Versailles Mustang Accord Phoenix Fairmont SW Cutlass Camaro Citation Horizon Chevette Fairmont SW Fairmont SW 300 SX Fairmont SW Citation Tercel Century LTD Century Chevette Citation LeBaron Fiesta Zephyr Chevette Chevette Phoenix Citation Citation Sunbird Citation Omni Chevette Fairmont Citation Citation Chevette Omni $14.00 13.66 109.39 18.43 12.47 10.66 41.56 10.91 81.99 19.23 10.59 5.00 12.12 33.35 19.33 23.92 57.44 23.06 39.39 55.99 22.41 8.15 9.34 9.34 25.35 32.87 17.25 8.24 16.95 35.37 20.61 5.00 5.00 28.55 5.00 31.61 31.50 19.61 80.92 8.15 31.34 71.04 5.00 5.00 31.50 31.'61 15.89 12.47 5.00 28.16 fc!25.00(a) 40,00 80.00 80.00 30.00 60.00 50.00 30.00 100.00(a) 50.00 40.00 75.00(a) 70.00 100.00(a) 100.00(a) 80.00 125.00(a) 100.00(a) 50.00 80.00 90.00 110.00(d) 60.00 60.00 80.00 90.00(d) 90.00 50.00 80.00 100.00(a) 100.00(a) 150.00 125.00(a) 100.00(a) 150.00(a) 125.00(a) 130.00 80.00 80.00 50.00 50.00 120.00 150.00(a) 100.00(a) 70.00 150.00(a) 50.00 100.00(a) 60.00(d) 80.00 ^13.87 19.47 22.90 21.09 23.94 19.48 22.04 22.56 6.86 19.09 14.50 7.58 19.47 6.18 9.03 17.00 10.64 7.79 19.37 14.24 13.87 7.12 17.48 26.81 12.91 20.71 20.61 7.41 19.38 11.02 10.35 13.08 4.75 13.30 6.37 10.17 13.49 17.86 18.15' 14.20 21.00- 19.20 8.36 8.65 20.53 7.79 19.96 7.98 8.84 V..?? S152.87 73.13 212.29 119.52 66.41 90.14 113.60 61.47 188.85 88.32 65.09 87.58 101.59 139.53 128.36 120.92 193.08 130.85 108.76 150.23 126.28 125.27 86.82 96.15 118,26 143.58 127.86 65.65 116.23 146.39 130.96 168.08 134.75 141.85 161.37 166.78 174.99 117.47 179.07 72.35 102.34 210.25 163.36 113.65 122.03 189.38 85.85 120.45 73.84 •">S ^,ft ------- 21 Direct Costs on a Per Vehicle Basis (Con't.) EF-II Tune—up Cash 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 Ford Buick . Chevrolet Mercury Ford Ford Dodge Jeep Mercury Chevrolet Toyota Chevrolet Chevrolet Chevrolet Dodge Ford Oldsmobile Mercury Chevrolet Plymouth Chevrolet Toyota Chevrolet Oldsmobile- Plymouth Datsun Chevrolet Buick Plymouth Ford Oldsmobile Pontiac Buick Dodge Ford Ford Mercury Plymouth Pontiac Oldsmobile Plymouth Plymouth Ford Chevrolet Escort Regal Monte Carlo Lynx Granada Escort Colt Wag one er Lynx Citation Corolla SW Camaro Caprice Monte Carlo Aries Escort Cutlass SW Cougar Monte Carlo Horizon Citation Corolla Chevette Omega Horizon 210 Monte Carlo Century Reliant Escort 98 Phoenix Skylark Omni Mustang Escort Lynx Horizon Grand Prix 98 Reliant Horizon LTD Chevette Costs 12.12 9.39 9.99 24.26 9.34 29.55 39.99 57.36 23,47 9.39 9.52 437.53(c) 12.30 17.57 11.00 25.34 12.60 9.86 36.28 31.64 33.19 9.52 567.6l(e) 12.47 26.81 8.66 31.66 21.81 21.72 184.00 31.25 8.15 36.08 37.00 5.00 46.49 21.02 25.07 34.68 33.65 21.78 25.27 37.05 9.26 Gas(b) Incentive Incentive Total 50.00 70.00 75.00(a) 75.00(a) lOO.OO(a) 70.00 125.00(a) 75.00(a) 70.00 100.00(a) 40.00 110.00 70.00 30.00 70.00 60.00 90.00 70.00 180.00(a) 100.00(d) 150.00(a) 60.00(d) 125.00(a) 30.00 150.00(a) 30.00 100.00 40.00 L50.00(a) 130.00 90.00 150.00(a) 90.00 90.00 100.00(d) 125.00(a) 140.00 90.00 90.00 70.00 90.00 50.00 70.00(d) 100.00(a) 21.66 19.95 14.16 9.31 10.26 13.96 5.68 13.02 13.77 10.17 18.62 17.85 17.47 21.66 15.67 12.06 23.97 16 . 62 19.10 19.38 9.67 23.74 6.27 13.49 7.41 16.05 9.89 18.53 5.80 22.61 24.51 8.65 14.63 19.00 11.02 6.27 7.51 8.45 24.03 26.40 22.04 21.94 22.51 7.22 83.78 99.34 99.15 108.57 119.60 113.51 170.67 145.38 107.24 119.56 68.14 565.38 97.87 69.23 96.67 97.40 126.57 96.48 235.38 151.02 192.86 93.26 698.88 55.96 184.22 54.71 141.55 80.34 177.52 336.61 145.76 166.80 140.71 146.00 116.02 177.76 168.53 123.52 148.71 130.05 133.82 97.21 129.56 116.48 ------- 22 Direct Costs on a Per Vehicle Basis (Con't.) EF-II Tune-up Cash Gas(b) Costs Incentive Incentive Total 495 496 497 498 499 500 601 651 652 653 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1980 1981 1981 1981 Chevrolet Ford Dodge Ford Dodge Chevrolet Dodge Pontiac Dodge Chevrolet Che vet te Escort Omni Escort Aries Chevette Omni Grand Prix Omni Citation 8.00 22.99 20.57 23.01 25.58 8.15 31.50 11.43 27.00 16.04 130.00 90.00 130.00 150.00(a) 80.00 60.00(d) 110.00 90.00 150.00(a) 100.00 13.30 18.77 17.96 7.22 20.52 7.60 19.80 19.20 8.93 19.24 151.30 131.76 168.53 180.23 125.83 75.75 161.30 120.63 185.93 135.28 Total Cost (80 & 81) $3598.64 $9325.00 $1558.19 $14,465.19 Avg. Cost (80 & 81) $34.60 $89.64 $14.98 $139.09 (a) These vehicles were provided to us without the need for a loaner vehicle. (b) Cost of gas is actual cost to EPA - $.95 per gallon (includes loaner gas cost). (c) $394.00 in parts supplied by General Motors (ECM, Cat Conv., EGR. Valve, Spark Plug Wires) (d) These owners participated in the OCS Project. They received an instrumented loaner vehicle and an additional $20.00 cash incentive. (e) $550.00 in parts supplied by General Motors (closed-loop carburetor). ------- 23 APPENDIX E Vehicle Test Agreement The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is furnishing you a _______________ as a temporary replacement for your This agreement is subject Co the following Cams and conditions: 1. You agree to be careful in the use of the loan vehicle and to return it to an EPA. representative within seven days together with all tires, tools, and accessories and in as good interior, exterior, and operating condition, normal wear and tear accepted, as when it was received by you. 2. You also agree that it will, not be used to carry passengers or prop- erty for hire or to push or tow any vehicle or trailer. 3. You acknowledge personal liability for all charges, fines, and costs for parking, traffic, or other legal violations assessed against the loan vehicle while it is in your possession* 4. You agree to release and hold EPA harmless from any liability for loss of, or damage to, any property left, stored or transported in this vehicle by you or any other person during or following the term of this agreement. 5. You agree to allow SPA to perform any repairs or maintenance on your vehicle provided that such actions are conducted in accordance with the manufacturer'3 recommendations and specifications. 6. EPA, in turn, agrees Co be fully responsible for any and all damage occurring to your vehicle while in EPA's possession. 7. EPA also agrees Co indemnify and hold you harmless of any repairs, damage, loss or liability sustained by you by reason of accident or damage to your vehicle while in EPA'3 possession. 8. EPA further agrees to be careful in the use of your vehicle and agrees to return it to you in as good interior, exterior, and operat- ing condition as when it was received by EPA except for normal wear and tear. In consideration of this loaner vehicle and $10 per day (up Co a maximum of $150) while my vehicle is being tested, I agree to loan it to EPA for this test program. Age Driver license # Owner's signature; ' Dates '7--- — ------- 24 Vehicle Test Agreement This agreement is subject to the following terms and conditions; 1. EPA agrees to be fully responsible for any and all damage occurring to your vehicle while in EPA's possession. 2. EPA also agrees to indemnify and hold you harmless of any repairs, damage, loss or liability sustained by you by reason of accident or damage to your vehicle while in EPA's possession. 3. EPA further agrees to be careful in the use of your vehicle and agrees to return it to you in as good interior, exterior, and operat- ing condition as when it was received by EPA except for normal wear and tear. 4. You agree to allow EPA to perform any repairs or maintenance on your vehicle provided that such actions are conducted in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and specifications. In consideration of $25 per day (up to a maximum of $150) while my vehicle is being tested, I agree to loan it to EPA for this test program. Owner's signature; Date: r * ' __^_B- EPA Representative; ' - ••r-"- '-- •- " -"~ Date; ------- |