EPA-AA-TEB-83-4
    Procurement of Privately-Owned
Passenger Cars Using In-House Resources
                  by

            Thomas C. Bejma
                  and
           Rosemarie Demyan
            September, 1983
      Test and Evaluation Branch
 Emission Control Technology Division
        Office of Mobile Sources
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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ABSTRACT

This  report  describes  the  effort  to  procure  104  high mileage,  in-use,
privately-owned (1980-81) passenger  cars  for an exhaust emission testing
project.  This  project, known  as "EF-II",  was  conducted  at EPA's  Motor
Vehicle Emission Laboratory (MVEL).  The primary  objective  of  this program
was  to  measure regulated  pollutants  from a  random  sample  of  vehicles.
The information gathered is  being used to predict  future  emission levels
from these categories of vehicles  once they  obtain  the  same mileage  under
more  normal  driving   conditions.    The   secondary  objective   was   the
assessment  of  the  feasibility  of  performing  such  a  program  without
contracting for all or part of the work.

The test  vehicles  were selected  from  owners who lived  within  a  20  mile
radius of MVEL.  Names were chosen at  random from  the  State Motor Vehicle
Registration  list.   Direct  mail  solicitation was  the  primary  method  of
contact.  Telephone  follow-ups were used to  reach those   vehicle  owners
who did not respond  to  the  initial mailing.   The first  car was  delivered
for testing on April  12, 1982 and the program was  completed  on  September
30, 1982.

Overall,  the  program  was   successful in  showing  that  a  large  scale
procurement  activity can  be  performed   using  in-house  resources.    The
positive  features  of this method include flexibility,  speed,  and  close
involvement.   On   the  other  hand,  the  cost  savings   in  performing  the
program in-house were  relatively  minor in comparison to the  difficulties
involved in dealing directly with the public.

Although  we  would  not  recommend  that this  type of  effort  routinely  be
performed by government personnel, it  could  be much more effective than a
contract for smaller programs of immediate need.

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INTRODUCTION

In   order   to  assess  the   most   cost-effective  method   of  obtaining
privately-owned,  in-use  vehicles  for   testing   at   the  Motor  Vehicle
Emission  Laboratory,   a  vehicle  procurement  program was  planned  which
would use  only  Federal employees and intramural  funding.   The purpose of
this  type  of program  was  to determine the  feasibility  of such  a method
rather  than using  contracts,  as  have  been  used in  the past  for  large
scale  Emission  Factor programs.   There  were  a  number of  significant
problems  encountered  in  this  entirely  in-house  effort.   Incentives,
loaner  cars, tune-up  parts,  and  liability  were  the  major  ones.   This
report will  provide an account of how these problems were solved.

PLANNING

A PERT chart (Figure 1) was  prepared  as  the  first step in the procurement
process  which gave  the  deadlines  for  each  step in  order  to  begin  the
program  on  schedule.   There were  two differences between this  chart  and
the  actual  steps taken:   one was  that  there was  no advertising of  the
test  program:    solicitation was  only  done  through  mailings and  phone
calls.   The  other  difference  was  that  the  registration  lists  were
obtained  from  EPA's  Manufacturers  Operations  Division.   They  obtain
listings  directly  from the  State  of Michigan  as part  of  their  Recall
Program.  This saved both  time and  expense.   The entire  process proceeded
as scheduled.

STAFFING

A  staff  was  assembled  using  experienced   personnel  .supplemented   by
temporary   employees   and    student   aids.    A   chart   of  the   planned
organization  and a listing  of the categories  of  personnel  is  shown  by
Figure  2.   In the actual  conduct  of  the program,  the QC functions  were
performed by  the Project Manager and his assistant,  eliminating  the  need
for  those  two   positions.    Moreover,  the  personnel  assigned  to  this
project were  not always  fully utilized and  were often involved  in  other
activities.   Overall,  each  tested  vehicle  resulted  in  approximately  30
person-hours of effort, not  including testing resources.

TEST VEHICLE SELECTION

Vehicles were first  selected on a  purely  random basis within  each  model
year.  Other  than safety related items,  the  only rejection criterion,  was
odometer  reading.    Vehicles  from the   1980  model  year  were  to  have
accumulated  at   least  40,000  miles.   For 1981  models,   the  minimum  was
25,000.  This method  eliminated the  need  to weight  the  sample  by  other
selection criteria and simplified  the procurement process.  There was  no
need to  fill certain cells by quotas.  In order to maintain  the maximum
level of  randomness possible,  direct mail  solicitation  was used.   Only
candidates  who  had   received  one   of   the   letters  were   eligible   to
participate.   A  copy  of  the solicitation  letter  and  enclosures  are
contained in Appendices A,  B, and C.

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                             TEST VEHICLE rat-cjaagyc FOR s?-ri

                                       PERT CHART
                                                                                        FIGURE  1
                                                              Official
                                                              Go-Ahead
                  1*  f  Escimace of      \   ">
                        Resources Require
                                  Flow Chart of
                                  Overall Program
                     / Loaner Cars
                     1  Available
                     \(fast start-up)
                                  Data Sheets
                                  Developed

                                            2./IJ!
                                            Means Co Issue
                                               Incentives
                                       Solicicacion
                                       Package
Core
Personnel
Assigned
          Approval to
          Advertise
                                        Work Area
                                        Outfitted
Wort Area
Identified
                                        Basic  Staff
                                        Trained
Basic Staff
on Hand
                          Full Staff
                          On Hand
                                         full  Scaff
                                         Trained
Full Scale
Operation
                    '^\   Leaner Fleet

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                    TEST VEHICLE PROCUREMENT FOR EF-II
                                                                 FIGURE 2
Quality Control
 .Auditor *
 .Clerk *
                       PROPOSED ORGANIZATION  CHART
                       Management
                        .Project Manager
                        (Tom  Bejma)
                        .Assistant '
                        (Matt Macocha)
    Inspection and
    Maintenance
    .Lead Mechanic
    (Steve Dorer)
    .Mechanic
    .Mechanic
    .Mechanic's Helper
    Vehicle Acquisition
    .Clerk
                           LISTING OF PERSONNEL
Position

Project Manager
Assistant
QC  Auditor
QC  Clerk
Lead Mechanic
Mechanic
Mechanic
Mechanic's  Helper
Procurement Clerk
Job Title

Engineer or Technician
Engineer or Technician
Engineer or Technician
Technician
Technician
Technician
Technician
Student Aide
Clerk or Clerk/Typist
GS Level  Appointment
13
7-11
5-9
3-5
9 or 10
9
9
1
3,4 or 5
PFT
PFT
TFT
TFT
PFT
TFT
TFT
TFT
TFT
Hours

1560
1560
1040
1040
. 430
1040
 870
1040
1040
*These two  positions were not required in the  actual  conduct of the program.

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INCENTIVES

A  schedule  of incentives  was devised  which was  thought  to  provide  the
maximum  response  to  the  program.    Owners of  eligible  vehicles  were
offered  the  following:  1)  computerized  tune-up  of  their  vehicle,  2)  a
full tank of  gas upon return of  the  vehicle,  3)  the  results  of  the fuel
economy  and  emission tests,  and  4)   either  a  check  for  $25  per  day for
each day the vehicle was in this  test  facility or  a check  for $10 per day
plus a loaner vehicle.   However,  in  each case,  the maximum  cash  value of
the incentive was listed as $150.

The tune-up  appeared to enhance  the  response rate,  as evidenced  by the
comments of various  owners.   For an  average cost  of  $35  per vehicle,  it
was a  small  cost relative  to  the  overall  incentive cost  of  $140  per
vehicle.  The  purchasing of  the tune-up  parts  was  accomplished through
the use of  "blanket  purchase  order  agreements"  and supplemented  with
"petty cash".

Payment of cash  incentives  was  accomplished  through the use of Government
checks.  Cash  transactions  are very  difficult  for the government  due  to
the monumental amounts  of  security and  bookkeeping required.  Originally
it was  thought  that  issuing  checks  would be a  problem  also.   However,
very few complaints  were received from participants  even though it took
from four  to six weeks after  their  vehicles were returned  before they
received their  checks.   To issue Government checks,  purchasing  approval
authority was provided  to  the Program Manager and  to  the  Project Manager
up  to   a  maximum  of   $250.   With   this  approval,  the   checks  were
requisitioned  from the  Cincinnati Accounting  Office  through the  use  of
SF-44's.  The only difficulty encountered  was the  late mailing of several
checks due  to a  misunderstanding  at  the accounting  office  in Cincinnati
where  the  checks originated.   Appendix  D  is  a  summary  of the  total
incentive  costs   of  the  program.   This  includes  parts  cost,  incentive
payments, and gas costs.

In April 1982, the following  vehicles were leased  from Sample Enterprises
for use  as  loaners:   1981 Mercury  Lynx,  1981  Ford  Fairmont,  and  1981
Dodge  Omni.   On  July  1, EPA's  Operational  Characteristics  Survey (OCS)
study  provided  two addditional loaner  vehicles.   Each was  equipped with
instrumentation  to  measure  different  parameters   of  vehicle  operation.
These  two  cars,  a 1981  Chevette and  a 1981 Oldsmobile Cutlass  Supreme,
were also  leased  from  Sample  Enterprises.   Since  the  drivers  of  these
vehicles were  required  to  perform some additional tasks  related  to  the
study,   $20  was  offered  as  additional  incentive.   In  mid-July,  two
additional loaner  cars,  a  1981 Malibu  Classic and 1981 Grand Prix,  were
leased from  Budget Rent-A-Car.   These vehicles  were necessary because  of
the need for  additional and larger  vehicles,  comparable  to the  large
vehicles which  participants  brought  in for testing.   Thus,   for most  of
the program there was a  fleet of seven loaner cars.

Each  of  the loaner  vehicles  was  fully  insured  by the  lessor.   The
government is a  self-insured  entity  and was responsible  for  any  and  all
damage to  participants'  vehicles while  in its  possession.   Each vehicle

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was equipped  with an automatic  transmission and air  conditioning.   Most
were four door  models.   Some minor damage to  several  of  the participants
vehicles was  taken  care  of to their satisfaction.   No  damage occurred to
any of the loaner vehicles during this program.

PROCUREMENT TECHNIQUES

Over a  3-month  period,  March 29 to June  9,  a total of  1200 solicitation
packages  were  mailed to  owners  of  1980  and   1981  automobiles.   This
represented  a  random sample  of  1980 and  1981  vehicles   registered  in
Washtenaw,  Wayne,  and  Livingston  Counties.  Because this program  was
accepting only  high-mileage  vehicles,  this sample size of 1200 was chosen
based on  an  estimate  that  1 in 10 vehicles  would have accumulated  the
minimum number  of miles at the  time  of testing.   The solicitation package
included an  introductory letter,  a  list  of questions and  answers  about
the program,  and  a  postpaid  reply  card with which  an  owner  could respond
to  report  his willingness to participate.  Figure 3  is  a   flow  chart  of
the process.

The  postage  paid  reply  card  offered  five  responses   for the  vehicle
owner:  1) Yes, my  vehicle has  accumulated over  40,000/25,000 miles  and I
am  interested,  2)  Unfortunately,  my  vehicle  has  not   accumulated  over.
40,000/25,000  miles.  However,  I  might  be  willing  to participate  in
future  test  programs., 3)  Sorry, I have  chosen  not to participate,  4)  I
would like more information,  5) I no longer own the vehicle.

The  overall  response rate  for this  test  program was  88%.   Figure  4
indicates the response rate  for  each method  of procurement,  i.e., initial
mailing, second mailing and  phone  calls.   Over 50%  of  the  responses were
received within the first two  weeks  of  each  mailing.   Of  these initial
responses, 13.5%  indicated  they had  accumulated the  appropriate mileage
and that  they were  willing  to  participate  in our testing  program.   The
majority  of   the  vehicle  owners  (54.7%), expressed an  interest in  the
program  but   had  not accumulated  the  appropriate  mileage.  There  were
12.2%  who chose  not  to  participate.   Very  few  vehicle   owners  (3.5%)
requested  more  information  while  11.6%   responded  that  they  no  longer
owned  the  vehicle.   Six   percent  of   the  letters   were   returned  as
undeliverable.

Figure  5  is  a  piechart which categorizes the  responses  for  the initial
mailings.  From a total  of  1200 letters  mailed  to vehicle  owners,  only
three  postcards were returned  with negative  remarks  about the  testing
program and/or  the  EPA.   Two weeks - after the letters were sent out,  a
second mailing  was  sent  to  the vehicle owners who had not  responded  and
whose  telephone  numbers   were   not  listed.   This  mailing  resulted  in
responses  from an  additional  19%.   Thus,  the   total  response   rate  for
mailings was  69%.   Figure 6 is a  cumulative graph of  responses  versus
time.

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                                      FIGURE  3

                               VCUCLF.  SOLICITATION PK,)CS2UKES  TOR EF-II
File for
Possible
FoUov-Uo

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                     FIGURE 4
RESPONSE RflTES-EFlI
                              1  INITIflL  MLNG-52X
                              2 SECOND  MLNG-19Z
                              3 PHONE  CflLLS-l8X
                              4  UNflBLE  TO  CONTRCT-12X

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                                                               10
                           FIGUilE 5
PROFILE OF TOTflL RESPONSES
                                  1  ELIGIBLE-13.5X
                                  2  INELIGI81E-5H.7X
                                  3  NOT INTERESTED-12.2X
                                  4  REQUEST INFO.-2.OX
                                  5  NO LNGR OWN VEHICIE- 1 0.OX
                                  6  UNflBLE TO CONTflCT-1 2.OX

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                       FIGURE 6
          EF-  !   PRFXLIREMENT  RESULT!
                   H/H2
                            B/B2
                                        j
ui
LI
m
"7
/_.
n
n
in
u
tr

L
n
n
       BEJ .


       SE3 . 0
       3 PI .
        0 .


          0 . El
               s:. 0
I 0 . tl
I S .
2£ . 13  30
                      C> H Y 5

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                                                                               12
In  addition  to the  two mailings,  phone  calls were  made to  the vehicle
owners who  had not  responded  or who could  not  be contacted  through the
mail.  This  solicitation resulted  in  a response  rate  of 18%.   Figure  7
presents the results of  the  phone contacts.   Finally, a list was compiled
of  those cars which  had  not  accumulated the  appropriate mileage but could
possibly  accumulate it  prior  to  the  completion  of  our  test  program.
Thus, the profile of the total  responses for the  EF-II  test  program is as
follows:  10% were interested  in participating and,  had  accumulated the
appropriate  mileage,  49.5%  percent  were  interested  in our  test program
but had not  accumulated the appropriate mileage,  15% were not interested
in  participating in  the  test program,  3.5%  required more information, 10%
no  longer owned the  correct  vehicle,  and  12% were  not  able  to be reached
either  by  mailings  or  phone  calls.   Figure 8  illustrates  the  total
response profile.

Once  the  eligibility of a  particular  vehicle was  established,  the  owner
was asked to bring his vehicle  to  MVEL.  A  meeting  was  scheduled  at his
convenience.   At   this  meeting,  the  owner  was  asked  to  complete  a
questionnaire and  sign a contract to exchange the  vehicles  (Appendix E).
Loaner vehicles were provided  if  the  owner  requested.  Test  vehicles were
brought in at  a rate of 4 per  week with an average  time  from  pick  up to
return of 7.0 days.   A  total  of  104 cars  were  brought  in  for  testing.
Four  of the  exchanges  of  cars  took place at  the  owner's residence,  while
the  remaining  exchanges  occurred  at  MVEL.    Both the  loaners  and  test
vehicles  were  washed  and   refueled   before  they  were  given  to  the
participants.   The  majority of  the  meetings were  successful  although
there was some difficulty with cancellations or late arrivals.

PARTICIPANT PROFILE

Due  to  the  fact  that  the  testing  program sought only  high  mileage
vehicles, it was  found that the  majority  of the  vehicle  owners  commuted
long  distances to work or  used the  vehicle for  business,  i.e.  sales.
Almost  all   of   the   vehicles   were   predominantly   driven   on   city
expressways.   Approximately  3/4  of  the   vehicle  owners  claimed  they
maintained    the     vehicles    in    accordance    with    manufacturer's
recommendations.  Almost all of  the  owners expressed  concern for  the fuel
economy and half kept  detailed  records  of their fuel  usage.   The  majority
of  the  owners  were  satisfied  with their  vehicle's  engine  performance,
although   some  had   experienced   major    problems   with   carburetors,
transmissions,  etc.    Several  vehicles had  to  have  major  repairs  done
while  in   our  test  program.    In   general,  these   repairs   involved
replacement   of  faulty  parts  which  were   covered  under  the  emission
warranty or  recalls  for  which the owners had  neglected to have  the  work
performed.

CONCLUSIONS  AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Overall,  the  program  was  successful  in   showing   that  a  large  scale
procurement   activity  can  be  performed using in-house   resources.   The
positive  features  of  this  method include  flexibility,  speed,  and  close

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                                                                        13
                              FIGURE 7





PROFILE OF RESPONSES TO PHONE CflLLS  FOR  EF-II
                                           1 ELIGIBLE-8.3X
                                           2 INELIGIBLE-SI.72
                                           3 NOT INTEflESTE0-2t .OX
                                             NO  LNGR OWN VEHICLE-3.32
                             FIGURE 8
      PROFILE OF TOTRL RESPONSES
                                        1  ELIGIBLE-13.SX
                                        2  INELIGISLE-5H.72
                                        3  NOT  INTEBESTEO-12.2X
                                          REQUEST  INFO.-2.OX
                                        5  NO  LNGR  OWN  VEHICL£- 1 0.OX
                                        S  UNflBLE  TO  CONTfiCT-12.0X

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                                                                               14
involvement.   On the  other  hand,   the  cost  savings  in  performing  the
program in-house were  relatively  minor  in comparison to the  difficulties
involved  in dealing  directly  with  the  public.   The  absolute  savings
cannot  be  accurately determined  due to the  number  of  support  personnel
used at various  times during  the  program,  e.g.,  the  purchasing department
staff and  resources,  and significant overhead  items  such as  phone,  copy
machine, office supplies, etc.

While this  effort was  ultimately  successful, it pointed out  the  rigidity
of  the  bureaucratic process.   There can  be  a  great deal  of "red  tape"
involved with  simple tasks such  as  printing of  forms.  In  addition,  we
have  to  worry  about "freezes"  on certain actions, having  the work  done
only  at  specific locations, keeping  below a certain dollar  amount,  etc.
Although we would not  recommend  that  this  type of  effort  routinely  be
performed by government personnel, this  type  of  effort  could  be  much  more
effective than a contract for smaller programs of immediate  need.

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                                                                             15
                            APPENDIX A
^
               STATES ENVIRON MENTAL PROTECTIO

                      ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN  i3lC5
September 2, 1982                                                 OFFICE OF
                                                            AIR. NOISE AND RADIATION
Debbie K. Zeeb
5370 Earhart Road
Ann Arbor, MI  48105

Dear Vehicle Owner:

As I am sure you are  aware,  the nation's air  pollution problem is a  very
serious matter.   You  may  be  able to  contribute  significantly toward its
improvement and  be  rewarded  for your cooperation.  The U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency  (EPA)  is currently involved in a number of programs  to
reduce air  pollution.  One of  these  is  to determine  the emissions  from
in-use passenger cars to assess how  effective our current pollution  con-
trol regulations are,  and to see if  any  refinements to these regulations
are  warranted.   This  testing will  be conducted at EPA's  Motor  Vehicle
Emission Laboratory in Ann Arbor.

Your 1980 vehicle  has  been randomly  selected from registration lists  as a
candidate for testing.   If you  are  willing to participate,  we  will  fur-
ther consider your vehicle on the  basis of  the information you provide  on
the enclosed postcard.   Once  we obtain the  information on the accumulated
miles  of  your  vehicle,   we   can  randomly  select a  sample  for   testing.
Should your vehicle be chosen, we will contact   you  to schedule   the  test
at your convenience and offer you the  following incentives:
    1)   Your  vehicle  will  be  tuned  to  manufacturer's
         using computerized diagnostic equipment.
                                                                specifications
    2)
            It will be returned with  a  full  tank  of  fuel.
    3)   You will  receive the  results of  the  emission  and  fuel economy
         tests.

    4)   You will  be  sent a check in  the  amount of $25  per  day (up to a
         maximum of $150)  for  each day your vehicle  is  being tested.  If
         you wish, we  will provide you with a late  model,  fully insured
         loaner car.   In  this  case,  the amount  of  the check  will  be $10
         per day.

No unusual  operations  will be  performed  on your vehicle and it  will be
fully insured tor  the  entire  test period.   The  testing  will  be conducted
in our  laboratory under  simulated  driving conditions.   The tests will
take  4  to  7 days  to  complete due  to  the  need  to  stabilize  the vehicle
temperature before  each test by parking it overnight in  the laboratory so

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                                                                            16
that we  can measure normal  start-up  emissions.  Your  vehicle will prob-
ably accumulate less than 200 total miles.   We  would be happy to show you
our laboratory and how the testing is conducted, if you are interested.

For chis particular  test  program, we  are planning to  test  only vehicles
with over  40,000  miles.   However, even  if  your car has  less  than 40,000
miles, it  is very  important  to  the statistical accuracy  of  our study and
to  assure  that we do  not follow—op with additional reminders,  that  you
complete and   return  the  enclosed  postpaid reply  card at  your earliest
convenience.   A list  of   the  questions  most   commonly  asked  about  this
program is also enclosed.  If you have additional questions  or would like
any further information,  please  check  the appropriate box on the postcard
or contact Rosemarie Demyan of my staff at 668-4416.
                                            •I
Thank  you  for your  cooperation.   Your  willingness  to participate  is
important  to  the  accuracy  of  our  study.   I am  looking  forward  to  your
reply.

Sincerely,
Ralph C. Stahman, Chief
Test and Evaluation Branch

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                                                                            17
                              APPENDIX B
                 MOTOR VEHICLE  EMISSION  TESTING PSOGHAMS

                          Questions  and  Answers

1.   Must I participate in  this  program?

     So, your  cooperation  in  this program is  completely voluntary.   If,
     for any reason, you  decide not  to participate, please  let  us  know on
     the enclosed postpaid  reply card.

2.   Why should I participate?

     In addition  to  the  loaner vehicle (or $25 per day),  and a  full  tank
     of  gasoline,  your  participation  will  benefit  you  indirectly  by
     helping EPA  understand  and improve  the   quality  of  the  air  in  and
     around your city.

3.   How long will the test  program  take?

     The test  program takes  approximately 1 to 2 weeks.   The length  of
     time is dependent on the  number of  tests  required  and  how  many other
     cars are being  tested.

4.   Will ay vehicle be mistreated in  any  way?

     JIo, every aspect  of  the test program has  been designed  to  duplicate
     everyday operation.

5.   Exactly what will be done  to ay vehicle?

     An underhood  inspection and routine  maintenance,  if necessary, will
     be  performed prior  to each  test.    The  vehicle  must  -be  completely
     cooled  off  before  the  test  can  begin.   This  requires  that   the
     vehicle not  be  started for  12  to  36  hours to  simulate overnight
     parking.  Once  the  vehicle is  sufficiently  cooled off,  it  will  be
     pushed  onto  a  dynamometar.  Although  the vehicle doesn't actually
     move during  the test,   the  dynamometar  is  a  type  of  treadmill which
     simulates  conditions  which  would  normally  be  encountered  on   the
     road.    A  hose  is  connected  to  the exhaust  pipe  co  collect   che
     exhaust.   A  specially  trained  driver  then  starts the  vehicle  and
     "drives"  it  through  a  "driving  cycle"   which   represents   typical
     operation in  urban,  suburban and  rural areas.  Throughout this time,
     a  portion   of   the  axhaust  gases   is   collected  for   subsequent
     analysis.  This  analysis  allows  us   to   calculate  che  quantity   of
     exhaust emissions  emitted  by your vehicle.   Values for the city and
     highway fuel economy are  also calculated.   Typically 2 to 3 of these
     tast sequences will  be  performed  on your car.

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                                                                           18
6.   How many miles will my vehicle be driven during  che  program?

     Tour vehicle  will  be driven approximately  100 odometer miles  during
     che  testing.    The  majority  of  these  miles  will  be  accumulated
     indoors on the dynamometer.  A 10  minute road test  might  precede  the
     dynamometer testing.

7.   How will my vehicle be protected while  in EPA's  possession?

     In  addition  to  providing  insurance,  we  will  store  jour  vehicle
     indoors  while the  testing  is  being conducted.   If  required  to  be
     parked outside, your  vehicle  will be located  in a locked and  secure
     area at the EPA Motor Vehicle Emission  Laboratory.

3.   What happens  Co che information obtained from  my  vehicle?

     The  information  collected  as  a result of   this  program  is  used  Co
     determine  the  emissions  performance  of   in—use vehicles   and   its
     effect on air quality.   The data from jour vehicle  are  combined with
     data  from  other  vehicles  in  this   area  in   order   to  obtain a
     statistically valid sample.

9.   How can I obtain che results from che testing  of' my  vehicle?

     If you  request,  after Che  completion of che  cesting  you can  obtain
     che results on your vehicle.  We will forward  chem co you as soon  as
     all che data  have been processed.

10,  What happens-  if ay vehicle,  fails to near any emission standards?

     We  expect  chat a  certain  proportion  of che  vehicles  will  fail   Co
     meet one  or  more of  che emission  standards.   However,  none  of   che
     information   collected   from   chis   program  will  be  used  against
     individual vehicle owners.

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                                                                19
                      APPENDIX C
  D
  D
  D
  D
  D
Telephone
Yes, my  vehicle  has  accumulated  over 40,000
miles  and I am interested.

Unfortunately, my  vehicle has  not accumulated
40,000 miles.  However, I might  be willing  to
participate in future programs.

Sorry,  I have chosen not  to  participate

I would  like more  information

I no  longer own  this 1980 vehicle.
                      / Best  time to call
    f/EPA
                Official Susinaa
                Penalty 'or Private U*
                1300
Postage and
F««« Paid
Environ m VATII
Protection
Agency
SPA 335
        Unittd Statea
        Environmental Protection
        Agency
                  EPA, MVEL,  ECTD,  TEB-13
                  2565 Plymouth  Road
                  Ann Arbor,  MI   48105
       .'ORM 1320-9* 12-79)

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          APPENDIX D
Direct Costs on a Per Vehicle Basis
               EF-II
                                                          20
                 Tune-up   Cash      Gas(b)
                 Costs   Incentive Incentive
Total
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
Mercury
Ford
Chevrolet
Plymouth
Buick
Chevrolet
Oldsmobile
Ford
Toyota
Chevrolet
Ford
Chevrolet
Lincoln
Ford
Honda
Pontiac
Ford
Oldsmobile
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Plymouth
Chevrolet
Ford
Ford
Datsun
Ford
Chevrolet
Toyota
Buick
Ford
Buick
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chrysler
Ford
Mercury
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Pontiac
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Pontiac
Chevrolet
Dodge
Chevrolet
Ford
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Dpdi?e
Marquis
Fiesta
Malibu
Duster
Skylark
Citation
98
LTD
Corolla
Citation
Thunder bird
Citation
Versailles
Mustang
Accord
Phoenix
Fairmont SW
Cutlass
Camaro
Citation
Horizon
Chevette
Fairmont SW
Fairmont SW
300 SX
Fairmont SW
Citation
Tercel
Century
LTD
Century
Chevette
Citation
LeBaron
Fiesta
Zephyr
Chevette
Chevette
Phoenix
Citation
Citation
Sunbird
Citation
Omni
Chevette
Fairmont
Citation
Citation
Chevette
Omni
$14.00
13.66
109.39
18.43
12.47
10.66
41.56
10.91
81.99
19.23
10.59
5.00
12.12
33.35
19.33
23.92
57.44
23.06
39.39
55.99
22.41
8.15
9.34
9.34
25.35
32.87
17.25
8.24
16.95
35.37
20.61
5.00
5.00
28.55
5.00
31.61
31.50
19.61
80.92
8.15
31.34
71.04
5.00
5.00
31.50
31.'61
15.89
12.47
5.00
28.16
fc!25.00(a)
40,00
80.00
80.00
30.00
60.00
50.00
30.00
100.00(a)
50.00
40.00
75.00(a)
70.00
100.00(a)
100.00(a)
80.00
125.00(a)
100.00(a)
50.00
80.00
90.00
110.00(d)
60.00
60.00
80.00
90.00(d)
90.00
50.00
80.00
100.00(a)
100.00(a)
150.00
125.00(a)
100.00(a)
150.00(a)
125.00(a)
130.00
80.00
80.00
50.00
50.00
120.00
150.00(a)
100.00(a)
70.00
150.00(a)
50.00
100.00(a)
60.00(d)
80.00
^13.87
19.47
22.90
21.09
23.94
19.48
22.04
22.56
6.86
19.09
14.50
7.58
19.47
6.18
9.03
17.00
10.64
7.79
19.37
14.24
13.87
7.12
17.48
26.81
12.91
20.71
20.61
7.41
19.38
11.02
10.35
13.08
4.75
13.30
6.37
10.17
13.49
17.86
18.15'
14.20
21.00-
19.20
8.36
8.65
20.53
7.79
19.96
7.98
8.84
V..??
S152.87
73.13
212.29
119.52
66.41
90.14
113.60
61.47
188.85
88.32
65.09
87.58
101.59
139.53
128.36
120.92
193.08
130.85
108.76
150.23
126.28
125.27
86.82
96.15
118,26
143.58
127.86
65.65
116.23
146.39
130.96
168.08
134.75
141.85
161.37
166.78
174.99
117.47
179.07
72.35
102.34
210.25
163.36
113.65
122.03
189.38
85.85
120.45
73.84
•">S ^,ft

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                                                              21
Direct Costs on a Per Vehicle Basis  (Con't.)
                   EF-II
Tune—up Cash

451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494

1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981

Ford
Buick .
Chevrolet
Mercury
Ford
Ford
Dodge
Jeep
Mercury
Chevrolet
Toyota
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Dodge
Ford
Oldsmobile
Mercury
Chevrolet
Plymouth
Chevrolet
Toyota
Chevrolet
Oldsmobile-
Plymouth
Datsun
Chevrolet
Buick
Plymouth
Ford
Oldsmobile
Pontiac
Buick
Dodge
Ford
Ford
Mercury
Plymouth
Pontiac
Oldsmobile
Plymouth
Plymouth
Ford
Chevrolet

Escort
Regal
Monte Carlo
Lynx
Granada
Escort
Colt
Wag one er
Lynx
Citation
Corolla SW
Camaro
Caprice
Monte Carlo
Aries
Escort
Cutlass SW
Cougar
Monte Carlo
Horizon
Citation
Corolla
Chevette
Omega
Horizon
210
Monte Carlo
Century
Reliant
Escort
98
Phoenix
Skylark
Omni
Mustang
Escort
Lynx
Horizon
Grand Prix
98
Reliant
Horizon
LTD
Chevette
Costs
12.12
9.39
9.99
24.26
9.34
29.55
39.99
57.36
23,47
9.39
9.52
437.53(c)
12.30
17.57
11.00
25.34
12.60
9.86
36.28
31.64
33.19
9.52
567.6l(e)
12.47
26.81
8.66
31.66
21.81
21.72
184.00
31.25
8.15
36.08
37.00
5.00
46.49
21.02
25.07
34.68
33.65
21.78
25.27
37.05
9.26
Gas(b)
Incentive Incentive Total
50.00
70.00
75.00(a)
75.00(a)
lOO.OO(a)
70.00
125.00(a)
75.00(a)
70.00
100.00(a)
40.00
110.00
70.00
30.00
70.00
60.00
90.00
70.00
180.00(a)
100.00(d)
150.00(a)
60.00(d)
125.00(a)
30.00
150.00(a)
30.00
100.00
40.00
L50.00(a)
130.00
90.00
150.00(a)
90.00
90.00
100.00(d)
125.00(a)
140.00
90.00
90.00
70.00
90.00
50.00
70.00(d)
100.00(a)
21.66
19.95
14.16
9.31
10.26
13.96
5.68
13.02
13.77
10.17
18.62
17.85
17.47
21.66
15.67
12.06
23.97
16 . 62
19.10
19.38
9.67
23.74
6.27
13.49
7.41
16.05
9.89
18.53
5.80
22.61
24.51
8.65
14.63
19.00
11.02
6.27
7.51
8.45
24.03
26.40
22.04
21.94
22.51
7.22
83.78
99.34
99.15
108.57
119.60
113.51
170.67
145.38
107.24
119.56
68.14
565.38
97.87
69.23
96.67
97.40
126.57
96.48
235.38
151.02
192.86
93.26
698.88
55.96
184.22
54.71
141.55
80.34
177.52
336.61
145.76
166.80
140.71
146.00
116.02
177.76
168.53
123.52
148.71
130.05
133.82
97.21
129.56
116.48

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                                                                             22
               Direct Costs on a Per Vehicle Basis  (Con't.)
                                  EF-II
                                       Tune-up      Cash       Gas(b)
                                       Costs      Incentive  Incentive  Total
495
496
497
498
499
500
601
651
652
653
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1980
1981
1981
1981
Chevrolet
Ford
Dodge
Ford
Dodge
Chevrolet
Dodge
Pontiac
Dodge
Chevrolet
Che vet te
Escort
Omni
Escort
Aries
Chevette
Omni
Grand Prix
Omni
Citation
8.00
22.99
20.57
23.01
25.58
8.15
31.50
11.43
27.00
16.04
130.00
90.00
130.00
150.00(a)
80.00
60.00(d)
110.00
90.00
150.00(a)
100.00
13.30
18.77
17.96
7.22
20.52
7.60
19.80
19.20
8.93
19.24
151.30
131.76
168.53
180.23
125.83
75.75
161.30
120.63
185.93
135.28
           Total Cost (80 & 81)   $3598.64  $9325.00   $1558.19  $14,465.19
           Avg. Cost (80 & 81)       $34.60    $89.64     $14.98    $139.09

(a)  These vehicles  were  provided  to us  without  the  need for a  loaner
     vehicle.
(b)  Cost of gas is actual cost  to  EPA - $.95 per gallon (includes  loaner
     gas cost).
(c)  $394.00 in parts  supplied  by  General Motors  (ECM, Cat  Conv., EGR.
     Valve, Spark Plug Wires)
(d)  These  owners  participated  in  the  OCS  Project.   They  received an
     instrumented loaner vehicle  and an additional  $20.00 cash  incentive.
(e)  $550.00 in parts supplied  by General Motors  (closed-loop carburetor).

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                                                                          23
                            APPENDIX E
                          Vehicle Test Agreement

The  U.S.   Environmental  Protection  Agency   (EPA)   is  furnishing  you
a _______________ as  a  temporary  replacement  for  your 	

This agreement is  subject Co  the following  Cams  and  conditions:

1.  You agree  to  be careful in the use of  the  loan vehicle and  to  return
    it  to  an EPA. representative  within  seven  days  together  with  all
    tires,  tools,  and accessories and in  as good interior, exterior,  and
    operating  condition, normal wear and  tear accepted, as  when it  was
    received by you.

2.  You also  agree that  it  will, not be used to carry passengers or  prop-
    erty for hire  or  to  push  or  tow any vehicle or trailer.

3.  You acknowledge personal  liability for  all charges,  fines,  and  costs
    for parking,  traffic, or other legal  violations  assessed against  the
    loan vehicle while it is  in your  possession*

4.  You  agree to  release and hold  EPA harmless  from any  liability  for
    loss of,  or damage  to,  any property  left, stored or transported  in
    this vehicle  by you  or any other person during or following the  term
    of this agreement.

5.  You agree  to  allow SPA  to perform any  repairs or maintenance on your
    vehicle provided  that such  actions  are conducted  in accordance with
    the manufacturer'3 recommendations and  specifications.

6.  EPA, in turn,  agrees Co  be  fully responsible for  any and all damage
    occurring  to your vehicle while in EPA's possession.

7.  EPA also  agrees  Co  indemnify  and hold  you harmless  of  any repairs,
    damage, loss  or liability sustained by you by reason of  accident or
    damage  to  your vehicle  while in EPA'3  possession.

8.  EPA  further agrees  to be  careful  in  the  use  of  your  vehicle and
    agrees  to  return  it  to  you  in  as  good  interior, exterior,  and operat-
    ing condition  as  when it was received  by EPA except  for  normal wear
    and tear.

In  consideration  of this loaner  vehicle  and $10 per  day  (up  Co  a maximum
of  $150) while my vehicle is  being  tested,  I agree to  loan it  to EPA for
this test program.
Age   	            Driver license  #
Owner's signature;        '                           Dates
                          '7--- —

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                                                                         24
                          Vehicle  Test  Agreement

This agreement is subject to the following terms and conditions;

1.  EPA agrees  to  be fully responsible  for  any and all  damage occurring
    to your vehicle while in EPA's possession.

2.  EPA also  agrees  to indemnify  and  hold  you  harmless of  any repairs,
    damage, loss or  liability sustained by  you  by reason  of  accident or
    damage to your vehicle  while in EPA's possession.

3.  EPA further agrees  to  be  careful  in  the  use of  your  vehicle  and
    agrees to return it to you in  as good  interior, exterior,  and operat-
    ing condition  as when it  was  received by EPA except for  normal wear
    and tear.

4.  You agree to allow EPA  to  perform  any repairs  or  maintenance  on your
    vehicle provided that such actions  are  conducted  in accordance with
    the manufacturer's recommendations and specifications.

In  consideration of  $25 per  day  (up  to  a maximum  of $150)  while  my
vehicle is being tested,  I agree to loan it to EPA for  this  test program.
Owner's signature;   	   Date:
                          r  *                   ' __^_B-
EPA Representative;    '  -  ••r-"- '--   •-  " -"~          Date;

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