EPA-AA-TEB-84-3
   Effects of Reid Vapor Pressure
on Hydrocarbon Evaporative Emissions
        Edward Anthony Earth
           February, 1984
     Test and IvaluaXlon Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
      Office of Mobile Sources
   Environmental Protection Agency

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Abstract

A  test  program was  conducted  to  investigate   the  effect  of  gasoline
volatility,  as  measured  by Reid  Vapor  Pressure (RVP),  on  evaporative
hydrocarbon  (HC) emissions.   The program consisted of  a series  of  short
test  sequences  designed to quantify these effects.   The principal  test
variables were  the  vehicle  evaporative  standard,  test fuel,  test  driving
cycles, and prep cycles.

Testing of eight typical  passenger vehicles was conducted at  EPA's  Motor
Vehicle  Emission Laboratory   from  October  1983  through  January  1984.
Three were manufactured to  a  6.0  gm standard  (1978-80 model  year)  while
the other  five  met  a 2.0  gm standard (1981 model or  later).  Two of  the
latter were  fuel injected to  increase  the  technology mix.   The  vehicles
were  tested using Indolene  (RVP  of 9.0  psi),  commercial  unleaded  (RVP  of
11.7  psi), and  a blend of these two fuels  (RVP  of 10.4  psi).  The  basic
test  procedure  was  the  Federal Test  Procedure (FTP)  which uses  the  LA-4
driving  cycle.    Evaporative   emissions  were   measured  using  the   SHED
enclosure prescribed by this procedure.  A modification  of  this procedure
using  10  minute segments  of  the LA-4 cycle was  utilized to  investigate
the effects  of  different  driving cycles.   Vehicles  were prepped  for the
test  by  the  LA-4 (per  the FTP), the above  LA-4  segments, or a 10 minute
road  route.

The overall conclusion  from these  tests  is  that  the increase  in  fuel RVP
significantly  increased  evaporative emissions  and  that  most  of   this
effect occurred  in  the  diurnal evaporative emissions.  For  all vehicles,
diurnal  emissions  with commercial fuel averaged  three  times the  level
with  Indolene.   Hot soak emissions  with commercial  fuel were 30%  above
the  Indolene levels for  the   2.0  gm vehicles  and were  three times  the
Indolene levels for the 6.0 gm vehicles.

The  use  of  a  10 minute  road  prep   or  10 minute segments  of  the  LA-4
instead  of  the  standard  prep  (the  23  minute  LA-4)  tended  to  cause  an
additional increase  in  diurnal evaporative emissions.   However,  although
individual vehicles did show marked  increases or  decreases,  no consistent
pattern was evident.

Exhaust   emissions   (HC,   CO   and  NOX)   and   fuel   economy  were   not
significantly changed by these changes in the  fuel.

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,1.0  Background

 Ambient  air  quality  models are used to estimate and predict the  levels  of
 atmospheric  emissions.   The  mobile  source  components  of  these models
 utilize   mobile   source   emission  models   (i.e.,  MOBILE2,  MOBILES)*   to
 predict  the emissions  of  the total  population  of vehicles.   The  input
 data for these mobile models come from in-use vehicle  testing programs.

 Over  the  past  several   years,   the  volatility of  commercial  fuels,   as
 measured by  Reid  Vapor  Pressure  (RVP),  has  been  increasing.  Higher
 values of RVP are known  to cause increases in  the  levels of  evaporative
 emissions.    Also,   the   in-use   test   programs**   have  indicated  that
 evaporative  emissions with commercial fuels are significantly  higher than
 with Indolene.***  Since  the  calculations  and  projections of  ambient air
 quality  have  been  based  on  the   results  obtained  using  Indolene as the
 test fuel,  it  was postulated that the amount of evaporative emissions was
 being underestimated.

 This test program  was  undertaken in order to  immediately acquire  some
 additional   data  for  MOBILES,   to  quantify   the  effects   of   RVP   on
 evaporative  emissions,  and  to  gain  some  testing  experience  with the
 problems likely  to  be  encountered in  the current in-use test  program.
 These problems include road  versus  dynamometer preconditioning,  need for
 preconditioning  between different  test fuels,  length and  time  of  travel
 (purging)  before  the  diurnal and  hot soak  evaporative  tests,  and the
 repeatability  of  the tests.
   *  MOBILE2   is  the   model   presently  used   to   estimate  the   fleet
      emissions.    MOBILES  is  an  updated  version  that   is  now   being
      developed.

  **  "A Study of  Emissions  From Passenger  Cars in  Six Cities"  (FY77).
      EPA-460/3-78-011,  January 1979.

 ***  Indolene is a  reference  gasoline used  by  EPA as  the  test  fuel  for
      emission and fuel economy  tests  because its  consistency is  better
      controlled  than commercial fuel.  Evaporative emissions are measured
      during these  tests.

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2.0  Test Plan

The vehicles were  tested  for  evaporative and exhaust emissions using  the
basic  cold-start  FTP  with  SHED  test   for  evaporative  emissions.    The
standard  evaporative  test sequence  is   outlined  in Appendix  A-l  and  is
summarized below:

         refuel vehicle .
         LA-4 dynamometer prep
         overnight soak
         refuel with chilled fuel
         diurnal evap test
         FTP
         hot soak evap test

     Note:  For each test sequence in which there  was a  change in the
            type of fuel used, the vehicle was preconditioned with  a
            125 mile road route before the replicate testing.

The vehicles were  tested  with Indolene,  commercial unleaded, and  a blend
of these  two  so as to cover  a  range  of  RVP.  Two  back-to-back sequences
were  performed at  each  step  in  the   process.   The  test  program   was
subsequently  modified  to  add  the  following  testing:    (1)  replace   the
standard LA-4 prep with the 10  minute road test of an EPA  in-use  vehicle
test program,  (2) test with  the blended  fuel only  those  vehicles  that
show a  large  increase  in evaporative emissions with commercial fuel,  (3)
test the  five  2.0 gm  vehicles  with commercial fuel  using  two 10 minute
cycles  to  be  derived  from the  LA-4 cycle, and (4)  test one vehicle  for
test fuel  carry over  effects.   The  test sequences followed  are detailed
in Appendix A and are summarized below:

     RVP Effects on Vehicle        Standard  evaporative  emission   test  on
                                   all eight  vehicles  with  both Indolene
                                   and commercial  unleaded.

     RVP Effects on a Vehicle      Standard evaporative  emission test  on
     using 10 minute Road Prep     five  vehicles with commercial unleaded
                                   using  a 10 minute road prep instead of
                                   the LA-4 dynamometer  prep.

     RVP Effects of Indolene/       Standard  evaporative emission test   on
     Commercial Blend              three  vehicles  with the blended  fuel.

     RVP Effects on Vehicle        Evaporative emission  test on five vehi-
     using Modified Driving        cles   with  commercial  unleaded using
     cycles.                       the  two  10 minute    driving   cycles
                                   instead of the  LA-4 driving cycle.

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     Carry over RVP Evaporative    Standard evaporative emission test  on
     Emission Effects              one  vehicle   using   Indolene,    then
                                   commercial unleaded, then Indolene*

3.0  Test Vehicles

Five  typical  2.0  gm  standard  (1981 model  or  later)   vehicles   were
selected.  Two of these were fuel injected.

         1981 Ford Escort, 1.6 liter,  4-cylinder
         1983 Plymouth Reliant, 2.2 liter,  4-cylinder
         1982 Chevrolet Citation, 2.5  liter,  4-cylinder fuel injected
         1983 Ford LTD Crown Victoria, 5.0  liter,  V-8 fuel  injected
         1983 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser,  5.0 liter,  V-8

Three typical 6.0 gm standard (1978-80 model year) vehicles were selected.

         1979 Ford Pinto,  2.3 liter, 4-cylinder
         1980 Chevrolet Citation 2.8 liter, V-6
         1979 Oldsmobile Cutlass, 3.8  liter,  V-6

All of these vehicles were  equipped with automatic  transmissions.  A  more
detailed description of each vehicle,  including its  evaporative  emission
family, is given  in Tables  B-l and B-2 of  Appendix B.  Each vehicle was
set to manufacturer's  specifications  prior to the start of  testing.  The
vehicles were obtained from  several sources  including  in-use, rental, and
EPA test vehicles

4.0  Test Results Overview - Evaporative Emissions, Exhaust  Emissions and
     Fuel Economy

The  test  results  for  each  vehicle  are  given  in  the two  test result
listings  in  Appendix  C.   A  test   matrix  which  summarizes   the   test
sequences done on each vehicle is also given in Appendix C.

Exhaust  emissions   (HC,   CO,   and  NOX)  and  fuel  economy  were  not
significantly altered by  the changes  in fuel for  the tests using the FTP
driving  cycle.   Exhaust  emissions and  fuel economy  for  the  modified
cycles were consistent with the FTP results.

Evaporative emissions for each  test are also given in  the  same listings.
These results are  summarized in Tables 1  through IV and  discussed below
for each test sequence.

4.1  Test Results - RVP Effects on Vehicle
The evaporative  test  results are  summarized  in Table I  and compared  in
Tables II  and  Figure 1.  The  testing showed  that  the higher  volatility
(higher RVP) of the commercial  fuel  (RVP 11.7 psi for commercial vs.  9.0
for Indolene) caused a significant increase in  evaporative emissions.   In

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most cases  the changes occurred  largely In  the diurnal  portion of  the
test.  Diurnal emissions with  commercial fuel were typically three  times
the  level  with Indolene.  Hot  soak emissions with  commercial  fuel were
30%  above  the Indolene  levels for  the 2.0  gm  vehicles  and  were  three
times the Indolene levels for the  6.0 gm vehicles.

However, individual vehicles showed  marked  departures from these  overall
trends.  The  Escort  evaporative emissions were  not  affected  by  the fuel
change.  The  diurnal emissions of  the 1983  Oldsmobile  were  seven  times
higher due  to the increase in  fuel  RVP.  The hot soak  emissions of  the
1980 Citation with commercial  fuel were almost four  times the level with
Indolene.

All three 6.0 gm standard vehicles and  three  of  the  five  2.0 gm  standard
vehicles met  their  evaporative standard when  tested  with Indolene and  a
fourth vehicle was  only 25  percent  above  the standard.  Also,  although
evaporative  emissions  increased  when  these   vehicles  were  tested with
commercial fuel,  four of  these (three 2.0 gm and one  6.0 gm vehicle) were
still below the 2.0  gm standard.

The individual test  results are further compared in Figure 1.  Except  for
the two Oldsmobiles,  the  test results are repeatable.

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                                  Table I
         Summary of Results from Che FTP Evaporative Emission Tests
Vehicle
Evaporative
 Standard
1981 Escort       2 gm


1983 Reliant      2 gm



1982 Citation     2 gm



1983 Crown Vic.   2 gm



1983 Oldsmobile   2 gm




1979 Pinto        6 gm


1980 Citation     6 gm
Test fuel/Condition
Indolene
Commercial
Indolene
Commercial
Comm/10 min road prep
Indolene (1 test)
Commercial
Comm/10 min road prep
Indolene
Commercial
Comm/10 min road prep
Indolene
Commercial
Comm/10 min road prep
Ind/Comm Blend
Indolene/Baseline
Commercial
Indolene/Baseline
(3 tests)
Commercial
Comm/10 min road prep
Ind/Comm Blend
Indolene/Ba seline
Commercial (3 tests)
Ind/Comm Blend
Indolene/Baseline
Commercial
Indolene/Baseline
Commercial
Indolene/Baseline
Commercial
Indolene/Baseline
Commercial

Diurnal
.27
.26
1.13
2.76
4.69
.13
.28
.85
.41
.72
1.25
.72
4.99
7.57
1.71
.23
.37
1.35
4.41
4.72
1.80
1.89
7.16
2.06
.53
1.80
1.16
3.98
.77
2.62
.68
1.93
(HC) gms
Hot Soak
1.37
1.27
1.34
1.62
1.81
.34
.36
.91
.46
.58
.65
2.74
4.34
4.11
3.22
.68
.92
4.44
16.76
22.46
8.46
1.78
1.66
1.71
1.25
1.63
2.30
6.45
1.64
3.44
1.00
1.07

Total
1.64
1.53
2.46
4.38
6.50
.47
.64
1.76
.87
1.30
1.90
3.46
9.33
11.68
4.93
.91
1.28
5.79
21.16
27.18
10.26
3.67
8.83
3.77
1.78
3.44
3.46
10.42
2.41
6.06
1.67
2.99
1979 Cutlass      6 gm
Mean Evap for
above five 2.0 gm
vehicles

Mean Evap for
above three 6.0 gm
vehicles

Mean Evap for
above 8 vehicles

Mean Evap for above
excluding the two vehicl
showing the greatest
increase (1983 Olds &
1980 Citation)

Note:  Test results are the average for the duplicate (and in a few cases
       triplicate)  tests  conducted on  each vehicle.   The  1982 Citation
       was tested only once for baseline.

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Vehicle

1981 Escort

1983 Reliant

1982 Citation

1983 Crown Vic.

1983 Oldsmobile

1979 Pinto

1980 Citation

1979 Cutlass
                 Table II
Comparison of Evaporative Emissions for FTP

 Ratio of             Ratio of             Ratio of
 Commercial/Indolene  Commercial/Indolene  Commercial/Indolene
 Diurnal Emissions    Hot Soak Emissions   Total Emissions
.96
2.45
2.12
1.76
6.93
1.59
3.27
3.74
.92
1.21
1.06
1.17
1.59
1.35
3.78
.94
.93
1.78
1.35
1.49
2.70
1.40
3.66
2.41
Mean for above
five 2.0 gm
vehicles

Mean for above
three 6.0 gm
vehicles

Mean for above
8 vehicles
      3.39
      3.43
      3.40
Mean for above
excluding the two
vehicles showing
the greatest increase
(1983 Olds and
1980 Citation)        2.84
1.31



2.80


2.10
1.93
3.01
2.51
                          1.07
                      1.79
     Note:  Ratios for above means were calculated using corresponding means
            from Table I

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                   1979 Pinto
                      1981 Escort
                                                                                                 1983  LTD Crown Victoria
 COM
 BASE
           190   200   300   400  500
                 % of Baseline
         COM
         BASE
100   200   300   400   500
       % of Baseline
                                                                                    10 MIN
                                                                                       COM
                                                                                      BASE
                                                             100   200   300   400  500
                                                                    % of Baseline
10 MIN
                   1980 Citation
           100   200   300   400   500
                  % of Baseline
        10 MINI
                    1983 Reliant
                                            COM
                                           BASE
                                                     I  .
                   100  200   300   400   500
                         % of Baseline
                                           1983 Oldsmobile
                                           100    200    300    400
                                                 % of  Baseline
500
                   1979 Cutlass
           100   200   300   400
                  %  of  Baseline
500
                                          10 MIN

                                             COM




                                            BASE
                    1982 Citation
 100    200    300   400    500
        % of  Baseline
                                                                                           FTP Evaporative Emissions
                                                        i
                                                                 hot soak
                                                        10 MIN - commercial unleaded w/
                                                                 10 minute road prep
                                                        COM - commercial unleaded
                                                        BLEND - indolene/com mix
                                                        BASE - indolene
                                    Figure 1     FTP Evaporative Emission Results

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                                                                                10
4.2  Test Results - RVP Effects  on a Vehicle Using Commercial Fuel Using
     10 Minute Road Prep

Five of  the  vehicles were retested  with  commercial fuel but  using  a 10
minute  road  prep  in  lieu of  the  normal  LA-4  dynamometer  prep.   The
evaporative results are also  summarized in  Table  1 and compared in Table
III.  These  tests  showed  a 30 percent  increase in evaporative emissions
due solely to the change in vehicle prep.   Most of this change was due to
the increase in diurnal evaporative emissions.

                               Table III
               Comparison  of  Evaporative Emissions for FTP
                Using LA-4 and 10 Minute Road Prep Cycles
Vehicle

1983 Reliant

1982 Citation

1983 Crown Vic.

1983 Oldsmobile

1980 Citation
Ratio of Comm.
10 min road/LA-4
Diurnal Emissions

    1.70

    3.04

    1.74

    1.52

    1.07
Ratio of Comm.
10 min road/LA-4
Hot Soak Emissions

    1.12

    2.53

    1.12

     .94

    1.25
Ratio of Comm.
10 min road/LA-4
Total Emissions

     1.48

     2.75

     1.46

     1.25

     1.22
Mean for above
five vehicles         1.45

Mean for above
four 2.0 gm
vehicles (excludes
80 Citation, a
6.0 gm vehicle)       1.99
                         1.27
                         1.15
4.3  Test Results - RVP Effects of Indolene/Commercial Blend
                          1.33
                         1.59
The  preceding  testing  showed that, while  all of the vehicles  maintained
reasonable  evaporative  emission  control  on  Indolene,  the  results  on
commercial fuel  were  mixed.  That  is,  some  maintained control,  some  did
not, and some had high variability.  Thus, only  the  vehicles  which showed
both large and repeatable  increases with commercial  fuel  were tested  with
the  blend  of  commercial and Indolene.   The  fuel  was a  50/50  blend  of
Indolene and  commercial  unleaded and  had  a  RVP  midway between  these  of
10.4 psi.

The  evaporative  results  are summarized in Table  I  and compared  in Table
IV.   Although the  results  fell  between  those  tests  with  Indolene  and
commercial, the  results  were much closer to  the Indolene levels.   This
indicates that, although the evaporative emisions increase with increases
in RVP, the increases may be nonlinear (see Table IV).

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                                                                               11
                                Table IV
                   Comparison of Evaporative Emissions
                        for FTP With Three Fuels
Vehicle/Fuel

1983 Oldsmobile
  Indolene
  Blend
  Commercial

1980 Citation
  Indolene
  Blend
  Commercial

1979 Cutlass
  Indolene
  Blend
  Commercial
Ratio of test
fuel/Indolene
Diurnal Emissions
   1.00
   2.38
   6.93
   1.00
   1.33
   3.27
   1.00
   1.09
   3.74
Ratio of test
fuel/Indolene
Hot Soak Emissions
   1.00
   1.18
   1.59
   1.00
   1.91
   3.78
   1.00
    .96
    .94
Ratio of test
fuel/Indolene
Total Emissions
   1.00
   1.42
   2.70
   1.00
   1.77
   3.66
   1.00
   1.03
   2.41
4.4  Test Results - RVP Effects on Vehicle With Modified Driving Cycles

The  in-use  vehicle testing  program  incorporates a  ten minute  road  prep
instead  of   the  LA-4  prep.    This  was  done  to reduce  test  costs,  to
simplify procedures, and  to  prep with a  cycle of shorter  time.   Because
the  testing with  a  10  minute  road  prep  indicated   that  there  was   a
difference  and  since  available data indicates  that  the median  trip  time
is slightly  over  10  minutes* rather than  the  23  minutes  of the LA-4,  it
was  decided  to  investigate  the  problem  further  using  a  dynamometer
driving cycle slightly greater than ten minutes.

Therefore,  two  test  cycles were derived  from the LA-4 driving  schedule.
They were selected to emphasize  the  lower and  higher  speed  segments  of
the LA-4.   The  Low Speed Cycle is from  625  to 1251  seconds of  the LA-4,
takes 10.4 minutes to  drive,  and  is  3.02 miles long.   The  Moderate Speed
cycle is from 0 to 630 seconds of  the  LA-4,  takes 10.5 minutes  to drive,
and is 4.04  miles  long.   These cycles  are  described  in  greater detail and
compared to the LA-4 and HFET in Table B-3.

The  five late  model  vehicles were  retested  with  commercial fuel using
these new cycles.  The  procedures followed  the  standard  FTP  procedure
except that  the new test cycle was used  for both  the prep and  test cycles
(e.g., low  speed  prep  with  low speed  test  or moderate  speed  prep  with
moderate speed test).  For each test cycle the vehicle  was  preconditioned
with a 125 mile road route and then tested twice using  the test cycle.
  *  "A  Survey  of Average  Driving Patterns  in  Six  Urban  Areas  of  the
     United   States.    Summary   Report   "TM-(L)-4119/007/00,    Systems
     Development Corporation, January 29, 1971

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                                                                               12
The  exhaust  emissions  were  consistent  with  the  previous  FTP  results.
These  test  results  are  tabulated  in  Appendix  C  and  the  evaporative
results are summarized in Table V.  To facilitate comparisons  between  the
two cycles (low and  mod speed) and  the  previous  testing with  commercial
fuel  (FTP w/LA-4  prep  and  FTP  w/10 min road  prep),  the  evaporative
emission results in Tables I and V  are  retabulated  in Table VI for  these
five vehicles.

                                 Table V
                 Summary of Results from the Short Cycle
                       Evaporative Emission Tests

              Evaporat ive                        	(HC) gms
Vehicle

1981 Escort


1983 Reliant


1982 Citation


1983 Crown Vic.


1983 Oldsmobile
Mean for above
five vehicles

Low Spd-A -  low speed,  cycle A -  portion of LA-4  driving  cycle from 625  to
1251 seconds (10.4 minutes), 3.02 miles.

Mod Spd-B - moderate speed, cycle B - portion of LA-4 driving cycle  from 0  to
630 seconds (10.5 minutes), 4.04 miles.

Note:    Test  results  are the  average  for  the  duplicate (and  in  a  few
         cases,  triplicate)  tests conducted  on each vehicle.   The  1983
         LTD Crown  Victoria  was tested only  once  for the moderate  speed
         cycle due to vehicle mechanical problems.
Standard
2 gm
2 gm
2 gm
2 gm
i 2 gm

Test Condition
low spd-A
mod spd-B
low spd-A
mod spd-B (3 tests)
low spd-A
mod spd-B
low spd-A
mod spd-B (1 test)
low spd-A
mod spd-B (3 tests)
low spd-A
mod spd-B
Diurnal
.69
.29
4.17
2.20
.93
.90
2.15
3.01
1.56
2.01
1.90
1.68
Hot Soak Total
.95
1.12
1.03
1.10
.97
.69
.55
.55
2.63
2.93
1.23
1.28
1.64
1.41
5.20
3.30
1.89
1.59
2.70
3.56
4.18
4.94
3.12
2.96

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                                                                               13
                                Table VI
                Summary of Commercial Unleaded  Fuel  Tests
                           From Tables I and V
Vehicle
1981 Escort
1983 Reliant
1982 Citation
1983 Crown Vic
1983 Oldsmobile
Means for above
five vehicles
Test Condition

FTP w/LA-4 prep
FTP w/10 min road prep
low spd-A for test & prep
mod spd-B for test & prep

FTP w/LA-4 prep
FTP w/10 min road prep
low spd-A for test & prep
mod spd-B for test & prep

FTP w/LA-4 prep
FTP w/10 min road prep
low spd-A for test & prep
mod spd-B for test & prep

FTP w/LA-4 prep
FTP w/10 min road prep
low spd-A for test & prep
mod spd-B for test & prep

FTP w/LA-4 prep
FTP w/10 min road prep
low spd-A for test & prep
mod spd-B for test & prep

FTP w/LA-4 prep
FTP w/10 min road prep
low spd-A for test & prep
mod spd-B for test & prep
                                                     HC  (gms)
Diurnal
.26
.69
.29
2.76
4.69
4.17
2.20
.28
.85
.93
.90
.72
1.25
2.15
3.01
4.99
7.57
1.56
2.01
1.80
3.59
1.90
1.68
Hot Soak
1.27
.95
1.12
1.62
1.81
1.03
1.10
.36
.91
.97
.69
.58
.65
.55
.55
4.34
4.11
2.63
2.93
1.63
1.87
1.23
1.28
Total
1.53
1.64
1.41
4.38
6.50
5.20
3.30
.64
1.76
1.89
1.59
1.30
1.90
2.70
3.56
9.33
11.68
4.18
4.94
3.44
5.46
3.12
2.96
It appears  there is no  appreciable difference in the diurnal or  hot  soak
emissions  for this fleet  of  five vehicles  between  these  two tests  or
those using LA-4 preps  on  the dynamometer.  However, as noted  in Section
4.2, the tests with a road prep did not follow this trend.

Individual vehicles did show  marked differences  for  these  new test cycles
(e.g., Reliant low speed  diurnal emissions were twice  the  moderate speed
diurnal  emissions) but no consistent  pattern  was  evident (e.g.,  Crown
Victoria  showed  opposite   effect  of  Reliant  on  diurnal emissions).   Hot
soak emissions were relatively unaffected by the two cycles.

-------
                                                                                14
4.5  Test Results - Carry Over Evaporative Emission Test  Results

Vehicles  received  extended  road  preconditioning  between  tests  with
different fuels so as  to eliminate any influence  one  fuel might have on
the results  using  another fuel.  However,  since it was  desired to keep
this  type  of  preconditioning  as  short   as  possible,  the  in-use test
programs  would test  vehicles  with  both Indolene  and  commercial fuel
without  a vehicle preconditioning.   Thus,  it was  desirable  to  quantify
any carry over effect.   Therefore,  one  vehicle  was used for a three test
FTP sequence to check on this potential problem.

Accordingly, the Reliant  was tested using Indolene, then  commercial,  and
then  Indolene  to  investigate  this problem.   There were  no appreciable
differences  in  the  exhaust  emissions.    The   evaporative  results   are
tabulated in Table VII.  From  these results  it  appears that there  are no
carry   over  effects.    The  differences   observed  are  within   normal
test-to-test variability.
                                Table VII
              Carry Over Evaporative Emission Test Results

               Evaporative                       -	HC (gms)	
Vehicle        Standard    Test Fuel              Diurnal   Hot Soak    Total

1983 Reliant      2 gm     Indolene               1.47      1.25       2.72
                           Commercial             2.87      1.33       4.20
                           Indolene               1.08      1.23       2.31

4.6  Test  Results  - Continuous  Measurement  of HC  Levels During  Diurnal
     and Hot Soak Tests

A Flame lonization Detector (FID) is used  to measure  the  HC  levels in the
SHED at  the beginning  and end of both  the diurnal  and hot  soak segments
of  the evaporative  test.  These  values  are  used  to  calculate  the  HC
evaporative  mass  emissions.   For  these  tests  the  FID  was  used  to
continuously monitor  the HC  levels throughout both  the diurnal  and  hot
soak portions of  the  evaporative test  to  determine if and  when canister
"breakthrough"*  occurred.   On most tests, HC emissions  increased  at  a
relatively constant rate  throughout  the  one hour  test  periods of both the
diurnal  and hot soak.   This  pattern was  seen in  tests  at  all emission
levels.

4.7  Test Results - Comparison of Thermocouple Measurement Techniques

To  test for  diurnal  evaporative  emisions,  the  vehicle  is  fueled  with
chilled fuel to  40  percent  of tank capacity.  The  vehicle  then undergoes
a heat  build in  the  SHED to raise the fuel temperature  from 60°F  to 84°F
in one hour at a constant rate of increase.
     Breakthrough refers  to  a  condition where the rate of  increase  in HC
     levels in  the  SHED  increases markedly due to the  overloading  of  the
     evaporative control system of the vehicle.

-------
                                                                               15
The  fuel  temperature  of  a  certification  vehicle  is  measured  with  a
thermocouple permanently mounted in the fuel tank at a proper  height.   To
install the thermocouple, the  tank  must  be removed and purged.  To  avoid
this  removal  and  purging  of  the  fuel  tank  of   test  vehicles,   the
thermocouple  is  installed   through  the   fuel  cap  or  attached  to  the
exterior of the tank.

For  this   testing,  fuel   temperature  was  monitored  by  means  of   a
thermocouple installed  through the  fuel  cap.   However,  our large  in-use
test programs  use external thermocouples  to preclude  the need  for  extra
fuel caps and  the risk of venting the fuel vapors  through an incompletely
sealed thermocouple wire through the cap.

To  gain  experience with  the  use of  external   tank  versus  internal  tank
(through the cap)  fuel  temperature  measurements,  both temperatures  were
monitored  during the  latter  stages  of   this  test  program.   For  these
tests, the fuel tank surface was cleaned  to bare metal at the  midpoint  of
the 40% fuel fill.  A thermal  conducting  paste  was applied to  the  surface
and the thermocouple was then taped to the tank.

Typically,  the  externally mounted  thermocouple  initially  read  2°F  higher
than  the  internal  one.   However,   the two were  usually  equal after  50
minutes of  the heat build  and within a  degree after one  hour (at  this
time  the  internal  temperature was   usually   slightly  higher  than  the
external  temperature).   In  those  few  instances  where  there  was  an
improper thermal bonding of the  thermocouple to the  tank,  the  problem was
immediately  evident  since  the  initial  temperature  of  the  external
thermocouple exceeded the initial temperature limit of  the fuel.

4.8  Test Results - Measurement of the RVP of the Fuels

Throughout  the  test program the  RVP of the test fuels was checked.   Fuel
samples  from  the  underground  tank were  obtained  by  lowering a  sample
bottle into the tank.   Fuel samples  from the hose of  the  fuel  cart  were
obtained by first pumping out  a half gallon of  fuel  to put  fresh  fuel  in
the  hose  and   then  putting  the nozzle  into   the  sample  bottle.   Fuel
samples  from  the fuel  cart  and vehicles were  obtained  by the positive
displacement of  water  method  in  the sample  bottle.    This  bottle  was
chilled in  an  ice bath  to  reduce loss of  the lighter hydrocarbons  of the
fuel while obtaining the sample.  The fuel samples were  tested for  RVP by
using ASTM procedure D323.

In  order  to monitor  the RVP  of the fuel  throughout  the  fuel handling
process,  fuel  samples  were   taken  from  the  underground  tanks,   the
refueling cart*,  and  the vehicle fuel tanks.   The underground tanks were
sampled only once or twice since prior  experience had shown  the  results
were  repeatable over  a several month  period.  The  refueling cart  was
sampled after  each  refilling  of the cart.  Also, samples  were taken from
the vehicle fuel tanks to determine RVP changes during vehicle refueling.
     Test fuel was  pumped  from the underground tank  to  a  refueling cart.
     The cart chilled the fuel for the diurnal heat build.

-------
                                                                               16
The RVP  test  results are tabulated  in Table VIII and  plotted In  Figure
2.  The  refueling  cart  samples  are listed in the  order sampled.   It was
immediately evident that there was an  appreciable  drop  in the RVP of the
commercial fuel  sample  taken from the hose.  However,  samples  from the
cart showed only a small decrease.  To  determine if this  was unique to
the hose sample and  if the  vehicle  fuel  in the vehicle  experienced  a
similar  loss,  vehicle  fuel  tank samples  were  also   taken.   The  Crown
Victoria  and  Cutlass showed  a  loss  in RVP  of  about  .7  psi  (from the
cart), the  remaining vehicles experienced  changes ranging from  0 to .3
psi.  The change  in  RVP was  considerably less  with  the  blended  fuel,
being 0 psi on two vehicles and  .5 psi  on the other tested.

                               Table VIII
                   RVP of Fuel at Noted Locations (psi)
Fuel
Underground tank   Refueling Cart
Vehicle Fuel Tank
Commercial  11.70
  Unleaded  11.60
10.70 (from hose)
10.10 (from hose)
11.35
11.50
11.00 (from hose)
11.55
11.60 (from hose)
11.70 (from hose)
11.60
11.40
11.10
11.60
11.70
11.50
Escort
Reliant
82 Citation
Crown Vic.
tt
Custom Cruiser
Pinto
80 Citation
Cutlass
••




11.5
11.35
11.50
10.80
11.10
11.20
11.50
11.15
10.70
10.75




Blend
                   10.60
                   10.35
                   10.25
                   10.35
                   10.30
Indolene
 9.0
Cruiser         9.70
80 Citation    10.45
Cutlass        10.25
Cruiser         8.90
80 Citation     8.85
Cutlass         8.80
Note:    There is  not  a one-to-one correlation  between all of  the  above
         values,  e.g.,  the refueling  cart  was  refilled  and checked  for
         RVP numerous times and  each  fill was sufficient for four to  six
         vehicle  tests.   Thus,  although the  cart  values   given  are  in
         chronological order,  they do not  necessarily represent the  RVP
         of the fuel in the vehicle fuel tank on the same line.

-------
                  RE  D  [RVP]  P5
   13.0

Ul
Q. l2'0
D_
   II. B
o:
   10.0
— 9 • 0

LJ

   B . 0
                             A   INDDLENE
                             Q   IND/CDM  BLEND
                             x  CQMMERCIRL
                     INDOLENE
                STORAGE
                 TANK
CHILLED
FUEL
CHART
                                    PUMP
                                    NOZZLE
                                               Q
VEHICLE
FUEL
TANK
                                                        BLEND
  FUEL    5RMPLE    L D  
-------
                                                                                18
These changes noted  in the RVP  of  the commercial  fuel  in vehicle  tanks
did not correlate with  the  changes  in emissions.  The Crown Victoria and
Cutlass showed  the  largest RVP  changes due  to refueling  but  the  Crown
maintained good  evaporative control while  the  Cutlass did  not.   The 80
Citation showed  very  little RVP change,  yet  was  the  poorest  vehicle in
maintaining total emission control.

5.0 Summary of Findings

The increase  in fuel RVP  significantly increased  evaporative emissions.
For the  group of vehicles,  diurnal emissions  with commercial  fuel were
three times the  level  with Indolene.   Hot soak  emissions with commercial
fuel were 30% above the Indolene levels  for  the 2.0 gm vehicles and were
three times the Indolene levels for  the 6.0 gm vehicles.

The use  of  a 10 minute  road  prep  in  lieu of  the LA-4 dynamometer  prep
further increased the evaporative emissions of  the commercial fuel.  Most
of  this  change occurred  in  the  diurnal emissions  and  was   therefore
probably due to incomplete purging of  the canister during  the prep.

The 50/50  blend of Indolene  and commercial  unleaded  had a RVP  of  10.4
which was midway between  these fuels.   However, although the evaporative
emission  results fell  between those   with Indolene and  commercial, the
results were  much closer  to  the  Indolene levels.  This indicated  that
although  the  evaporative  emissions increase  with  increases in  RVP, the
increases may be non-linear.

Differences in  diurnal evaporative  emissions were noted  for both of the
two 10  minute modified driving  cycles derived  from the  23 minute  LA-4.
However, no  consistent  overall pattern was  evident.   Hot soak  emissions
were relatively unaffected by these two cycles.

There was no  noticeable carry over effect between the two fuels for the
one vehicle tested.

The  changes   in  fuel  types/RVP  did not  cause  a  significant  change  in
exhaust emissions or fuel economy.

The continuous  monitoring  of  HC levels during  the SHED test showed  very
few cases  of  HC "breakthrough."  This pattern was seen  in tests at all
emission levels.

External   thermocouples  appeared  to  reasonably  track   thermocouples
installed through the fuel cap.

During refueling, some  vehicles  experienced a relatively large change  in
fuel tank RVP, whereas  others  experience  very little.   Unlike  the changes
in fuel  RVP  due to change in fuel, the  changes in RVP  during  refueling
did not correlate with the changes in evaporative emissions.

-------
                                                                               19
                            Appendix Contents

                               Appendix A
                       Test Sequence Descriptions

RVP Effects on Vehicle                                        page A-l
RVP Effects on a Vehicle Using a 10 Minute  Road  Prep           page A-2
RVP Effects of Indolene/Commercial Blend                       page A-3
RVP Effects on a Vehicle Using Modified Driving  Cycles         page A-4
Carry Over RVP Evaporative Emission Effects                   page A-5

                               Appendix B

Table B-l   2.0 gm Test Vehicle Description                   page B-l
Table B-2   6.0 gm Test Vehicle Description                   page B-2
Table B-3   Comparison of Two 10 Minute Cycles                 page B-3

                               Appendix C

Test Matrix for RVP Project                                   page C-l
Test Results - FTP - Baseline, Commercial,  10 Minute  Road      page C-2, 3
   Prep and Blend
Test Results - Modified Driving Cycles           "             page C-4

-------
                                                                              20
                              Test Sequence
                         RVP Effects on Vehicle

1.  Check vehicle.

2.  Drain vehicle and refuel with Indolene.

3.  Road preconditioning - #1 Adrian Road Route (a 125 mile road route).

The  standard  evaporative  emission  test consists  of Steps  4  through  10
below:

    4.   Drain and 40% refuel with Indolene.

    5.   Dynamometer prep using LA-4 driving cycle.

    6.   Standard soak (a minimum of 12 hours to a maximum of 36 hours).

    7.   Drain and 40% refuel with chilled Indolene.

    8.   Diurnal  evaporative  emissions  test  (one  hour  soak  in  SHED
         enclosure, fuel is heated from 60°F to 84°F).

    9.   Test  using  FTP  (uses  LA-4 driving  cycle  with  repeat of  first
         half of cycle).

    10.  Hot  soak evaporative  emissions  test  (one hour   soak  in  SHED
         enclosure).


11. Repeat numbers 4 through 10 above.

12. Repeat numbers 2 through 11 above using commercial unleaded.

Notes:   All  tests  use   Indolene  unleaded   for   first   two  tests   and
         commercial unleaded for next two.

Test  vehicles   for   this   test  sequence  are  given  below.    Detailed
descriptions of these vehicles are given in Tables V and VI.

1981 Ford Escort
1983 Plymouth Reliant
1982 Chevrolet Citation
1983 Ford Crown Victoria
1983 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser
1979 Ford Pinto
1980 Chevrolet Citation
1979 Oldsmobile Cutlass

-------
                                                                              21
                              Test  Sequence
          RVP Effects on a Vehicle Using a 10 Minute Road Prep

1.  Start sequence after standard tests  with  commercial unleaded.

2.  Drain vehicle and 40% refuel with  commercial unleaded.

3.  Road prep - 10 minute road route.
    (no dynamometer prep)

4.  Standard soak.

5.  Drain and 40% refuel with chilled  commercial unleaded.

6.  Diurnal evaporative emissions test.

7.  Test using FTP.

8.  Hot soak evaporative emissions  test.

9.  Repeat numbers 2 through 8 above.

Test  vehicles  for   this   test sequence  are  given  below.   Detailed
descriptions of these vehicles are  given in Tables V and VI.

1983 Plymouth Reliant
1982 Chevrolet Citation
1983 Ford Crown Victoria
1983 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser
1980 Chevrolet Citation

-------
                                                                              22
                              Test Sequence
                RVP Effects of Indolene/Commercial Blend

1.  Check vehicle.

2.  Drain vehicle and refuel with blended test fuel.

3.  Road preconditioning - #1 Adrian Road Route (a 125 mile road  route).

4.  Drain and 40% refuel with blended fuel.

5.  Dynamometer prep with LA-4.

6.  Standard soak.

7.  Drain and 40% refuel with chilled blended fuel.

8.  Diurnal evaporative emissions test.

9.  Test using FTP.

10. Hot soak evaporative emissions test.

11. Repeat numbers 4 through 10 above.

Test  vehicles  for   this  test   sequence  are  given   below.    Detailed
descriptions of these vehicles are given in Tables V and VI.

1983 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser
1980 Chevrolet Citation
1979 Oldsmobile Cutlass

-------
                                                                             23
                              Test Sequence
          RVP Effects on Vehicle Using Modified Driving Cycles

1.  Drain vehicle and refuel with commercial unleaded.

2.  Road preconditioning - #1 Adrian Road Route (a 125  mile road route).

3.  Drain and 40% refuel with commercial unleaded.

4.  Dynamometer prep with Low Speed Cycle (test cycle A).

5.  Standard soak.

6.  Drain and 40% refuel with chilled commercial unleaded.

7.  Diurnal evaporative emissions test.

8.  Test using Low Speed Cycle.

9.  Hot soak evaporative emissions test.

10. Repeat numbers 3 through 9 above.

11. Repeat numbers  1 through  10  above  using  Moderate Speed Cycle  (test
    cycle B).

Notes:   All tests use commercial unleaded gasoline.

         Low Speed Cycle  -  LA-4 driving  cycle  from  625 to  1251  seconds,
         3.02 miles.

         Moderate Speed Cycle - LA-4 driving cycle from 0  to 630 seconds,
         4.04 miles.

Test  vehicles   for   this  test  sequence  are  given  below.    Detailed
descriptions of these vehicles are given in Tables V  and VI.

1981 Ford Escort
1983 Plymouth Reliant
1982 Chevrolet Citation
1983 Ford Crown Victoria
1983 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser

-------
                                                                               24
                        Carry Over Test Sequence
                    RVP Evaporative  Emission Effects

1.  Vehicle delivered.

2.  Drain vehicle and 40% refuel with  Indolene.

3.  Ten minute dynamometer prep, moderate  speed  - cycle B.

4.  Standard soak.

5.  Drain and 40% refuel with chilled  Indolene.

6.  Diurnal evaporative emissions test.

7.  Test using FTP.

8.  Hot soak evaporative emissions test.

9.  Repeat numbers 2 through 8 above using commercial  unleaded.

10. Repeat numbers 2 through 8 above using Indolene.
Moderate speed, cycle B - LA-4 from  0  to 630 seconds, 10.5 minutes, 4.04
miles.

The  test  vehicle for  this test  sequence is  the  1983  Plymouth Reliant
described in Table V.

-------
                                                  Table B-l
                                          Test Vehicle Description
                                   2.0 Gram Evaporative Standard Vehicles
Make/Model   Ford Escort
Model Year

Type

Veh. ID

In. Odom.

Engine
  Type
  Config.
  Disp.
  Fuel Met.
                   Plymouth Reliant   Chevrolet

                   1983               1982

                   4 dr sedan         4dr hatchback
                                                         Ford  LTD  Crown Vic.  Olds Custom Cruiser
1981               1983               1982               1983                  1983

2 dr hatchback     4 dr sedan         4dr hatchback      4dr sedan            station wagon

1FABP0524BW158832  1P3BP26C9DF251538  1G1AX68R6CT102873  2FABP432DB148513      1G3AP35Y5DX34364

29900 miles        2500 miles         35200 miles        10700 miles           22400 miles
Spark Ignition
transverse 4
1.6 liters
2V Garb
  Eng. Fam   1.6AP
  Evap. Fam  CM
                   Spark Ignition
                   transverse 4
                   2.2 liters
                   2V Garb
                   DCR2.2V2HAC3
                   DCRKA
Spark Ignition
transverse 4
2.5 liters
Fuel Injection
C2G2.5V5TPG5
2BO-2A
Spark Ignition
V-8
5.0 liters
Fuel Injection
DFM5.0V5HLF8
3FQ
Emission
Control
System


Trans.

Tires
Test Para.
inertia wt
HP @ 50 mph
EGR
3-way cat.


air pump
automatic
3-speed
P155/80R13

2375 Ibs.
6.4hp
EGR
3-way cat
closed loop
oxid. cat.
air pump
automatic
3-speed
P175/75R13

2750 Ibs.
8.0hp
EGR
3-way cat
closed loop


automatic
3-speed lock-up
P185/80R13

3000 Ibs.
7.3hp
EGR
3-way cat.
closed loop
oxid. cat.
air pump
automatic
4-speed lock-up
P215/75R14

4250 Ibs.
12.8hp
Spark Ignition
V-8
5.0 liters
4V Garb
D3G5.0V4ARA9
3B4-3A

EGR
3-way cat.
closed loop
oxid. cat.
air pump

automatic
4-speed lock-up
P225/75R15
                                                                                           4750  Ibs.
                                                                                           12.7hp

-------
                                                                               26
                                Table  B-2
                        Test Vehicle Description
                 6.0 Gram Evaporative Standard Vehicles
Make/Model

Model Year

Type

Vehicle ID

Initital Od.

Engine:
  Type
  Config.
  Disp.
  Fuel Metering
  Engine Fam.
  Evap. Fam.

Emission Cont.
 System


Transmission


Tires

Test Parameters:
    Inertia Wt.

    HP @ 50 MPH
Ford Pinto
Chev Citation
Olds. Cutlass Supreme
1979
2 dr hatchback
9T11Y186165
26750 miles
Spark Ignition
In-line 4
2.3 liters
2V Garb.
2.3A1X92EGR/CAT
B
EGR
Oxid. Cat.
Pulse Air
Automatic
3 speed
BR78X13
2750 Ibs
9.7hp
1980
4 dr hatchback
1Y687AW139507
37030 miles
Spark Ignition
Transverse V-6
2.8 liters
IV Garb.
01C2EY2.8L
OB6-1
EGR
Oxid. Cat.
Pulse Air
Automatic
3 speed
P185/80R13
3000 Ibs
7.3hp
1979
2 dr hardtop
3R47A9M523280
37700 miles
Spark Ignition
V-6
231 CID
2V Garb.
3.8L940B2
9B3-4
EGR
Oxid. Cat.
Pulse Air
Automatic
3 speed
P195/75R13
3500 Ibs
9.5hp

-------
                                                                                27
                                Table  B-3
                   Comparison of Two 10 Minute Cycles
                          With Standard Cycles

             Length   Average     Top         # of    % Time  Cycle Time
Cycle        Miles    Speed (MPH)  Speed (MPH)  Modes   Idle    Seconds

Low Speed
(Cycle A)     3.02    17.4        34.3         9(1)   16.9%    626

Moderate Speed
(Cycle B)     4.04

Bag(l) LA-4   3.59

Bag(2) LA-4   3.91

LA-4          7.45

HFET         10.24

(1) Modes 8 thru 16 of LA-4 (LA-4  cycle from 625 to  1251 seconds).

(2) Modes 1 thru 7 of LA-4 (LA-4 cycle from 0 to 630  seconds).

(3) Idle time equals time (§1.0 mph or  less.
23.1
25.6
16.2
19.7
48.2
56.7
56.7
34.3
56.7
59.9
7(2)
5
13
18
1
20.6%
18.8%
19.1%
19.0%
.5%
630
505
867
1372
765

-------
                                                                                       28
                                     Test Matrix  for RVP Project

Car
2.0 gm Std
81 Escort
83 Reliant
82 Citation
83 Crown
Victoria
83 Olds
6.0 gm Std.
79 Pinto
80 Citation
79 Cutlass

Baseline
(Indolene)

X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
FTP Test Status
Commercial Commercial Blend
11.5 RVP 10 min. prep 10 RVP

X
X X
X X
X X
XX X

X
XX X
X X
Modified
Low
speed
cycle(l)

X
X
X
X
X




Driving Cycle
Moderate
speed Carry
cycle(2) Over

X
X X
X
X
X




(1) Low speed cycle-LA-4  from 625  to 1251  seconds,  10.4 minutes, 3.02 miles.




(2) Moderate speed cycle-LA-4 from 0 to 630  seconds,  10.5 minutes 4.04 miles.

-------
                                 FTP  -  Baseline, Commercial, 10 Minute Road Prep  and Blenc
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
1FABP0524BU15883
CVS.75-l.ATR
1981  FORD ESCORT
 TEST,NUMBER TEST.DATE   TEST.DISP  ODOMETER
                                     HC
                                                                  CO
                                                                             NOX
                                                MI/GAL   DIURNAL  HOT.SOAK  TOTAL.EVAP
840645
840646
840397
840396
03-83-11
05-83-11
07-83-11
08-83-11
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
30044.0
30073.6
30227.0
30247.0
2.47538
2.30295
2.39867
2.32125
94.6267
93.0661
94.3369
87.4842
.6144
.5605
.5757
.5470
21.5478
21.8664
21.7431
22.6325
.30
.24
.28
.24
1
1
1
1
.45
.29
.26
.27
1.74
1.53
1.54
1.51
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
1G1AX68R6CT10287
CVS.75-LATR
1982 CHEVROLET  CITATION
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE   TEST.DISP  ODOMETER
                                     HC
                                                 CO
                                                            NOX
                                                                     MI/GAL
                                                         DIURNAL  HOT.SOAK  TOTAL.EVAP
840723
840781
840799
841064
841128
07-83-11
10-83-11
15-83-11
23-83-11
29-83-11
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.10.MIN
COMM.10.MIN
35350.0
35520.0
35539.0
35556.0
35574.0
.18280
.17844
.18279
.21315
.18791
2
4
3
5
3
.9754
.6254
.9200
.0528
.9304
.3287
.4518
.3748
.4204
.3772
28.0403
28.0778
28.1760
30.7268
27.7326
.13
.27
.28
.57
1.13
.34
.30
.42
.55
1.27
.47
.57
.70
1.12
2.40
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
1G3AP35Y5DX34364
CVS.75-LATR
1983 OLDSMOBILE CUSTOM CRUISER
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE   TEST.DISP  ODOMETER
                                     HC
                                                 CO
                                        NOX
                                                                     MI/GAL
                                                                                              DIURNAL  HOT.SOAK  TOTAL.EVAP
840862
840863
840864
840865
841148
841158
841187
841188
17-83-11
18-83-11
22-83-11
23-83-11
01-83-12
02-83-12
06-83-12
07-83-12
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.10.MIN
COMM.10.MIN
IND/CQM.MIX
IND/COM.MIX
22532.0
22551.0
22703.0
22721.0
22744.0
22760.0
22909.0
22928.0
.37687
.34629
.41936
.00000
.38637
.39988
.40835
.38462
2
3
3
o
3
3
2
.9628
.3397
.3322
.0000
.8488
.8110
.3299
.8515
.7816
.8008
.7721
' .0000
.7015
.7427
.6952
.7164
15.9830
15.7698
16.0491
.0000
16.2211
16.4146
16.4064
16.3709
.65
.79
2.98
7.00
5.11
10.02
2.07
1.35
2.49
2.98
4.60
4.08
3.89
4.33
3.51
2.93
3.15
3.76
7.58
11.08
9.00
14.35
5.58
4.28
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
1P3BP26C9DF25153
CVS.75-LATR
1983 PLYMOUTH RELIANT
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE   TEST.DISP  ODOMETER
                                     HC
                                                 CO
                                                            NOX
                                                                                      MI/GAL
                                                                                              DIURNAL  HOT.SOAK  TOTAL.EVAP
840383
840384
840385
840387
840386
840390
841743
841744
841745
20-83-10
21-83-10
26-83-10
31-83-10
05-83-11
07-83-11
06-83-01
09-84-01
10-84-01
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.JO.MIN
COMM.10.MIN
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
BASE. CONFIG
2632.0
2651.0
2814.0
2841 .0
2858.0
2876.0
3043.0
3446.0
3462.1
.14653
.15812
. 26237
.29027
. 25377
.30415
.18471
.19730
.17931
1.5161
1.6924
3.1953
3 . 8293
3.5948
3.1396
1.8202
2.2543
1 .6136
.6649
.6670
.7065
.7484
.7733
.4695
.7858
.7895
.8202
25.0614
25.1823
25.5669
24.7065
24.8096
29.9701
22.5970
24.5545
24.4235
1.28
.97
2.58
2.94
4.52
4.86
1.47
2.87
1.08
1 .27
1.40
1.20
2.03
2.47
1.14
1.25
1.33
1.30
2.55
2.37
3.79
4.97
6.99
6.00
2.72
4.20
2.38






to
vo


-------
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
1X687AW139507
CMS.75-l.ATR
         1980 CHEVROLET CITATION
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE    TEST.DISP   ODOMETfR
                                                       HC
                                                 CO
                                                                              NOX
                                                                                       MI./GAL
                                                                              DIURNAL  HOT.f'SIW   Illlrtl
840176
840177
840178
840080
840179
840180
840379
840776
840855
07-83-10
12-83-10
14-83-10
02-83-11
03-83-11
05-83-11
07-83-11
10-B3-11
16-83-11
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
COHH.10.MIN
COMM.10.MIN
IND/COM.MIX
IND/COM.MIX
371614
37203
37222
37386
37408
37425
37442
37590
37611
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.40111
.43229
. 39295
.42608
.43251
.51067
. 42059
.00000
.42061
3
3
2
3
3
4
3

4
.3814
.6346
.6738
.1988
.7431
. 5455
.9697
.0000
.4145
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
.1940
. 0957
.2182
.0796
.0767
.0598
.9762
.0000
.1327
IV. 5512
19.8359
19.8639
19.6903
19.5225
19.8939
19.8137
.0000
19.9613
1 . 37
1 .63
1.07
4.56
4.26
5.04
4.39
1.98
1.61
                                                                                                             4.0:1
                                                                                                             4.10
                                                                                                             4.77
                                                                                                            14.98
                                                                                                            18.53
                                                                                                            22.66
                                                                                                            22.26
                                                                                                             8.47
                                                                                                             8.45
                                                                                                                        . i vr\r
                                                                                                        f>.04
                                                                                                       19.53
                                                                                                       22.79
                                                                                                       27.70
                                                                                                       26.65
                                                                                                       10.45
                                                                                                       10.06
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
2FABP43F2DB14851
CVS.75-LATR
            1983 LTD CROWN VICTORIA
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE    TEST.DISP   ODOMETER
                                     HC
                                         CO
                                                             NOX
                                                                      MI/GAL
                                                                      DIURNAL  HOT.SOAK   TOTAL.EVAP
840643
840644
840720
840742
840775
840800
03-83-11
04-83-11
07-83-11
08-83-11
10-83-11
15-83-11
BASE
BASE
COMM
COMM
COMM
COMM
.CONFIG
.CONFIG
.UNLEAD
.UNLEAD
.10.MIN
.10.MIN
10865.0
10883.0
11032.0
11054.0
11070.0
11087.0
.31219
.31205
.35950
.30680
.33814
.36595
5.3174
5.9754
5.9702
6.6205
6.4590
9.1289
.6419
.6430
.6502
.7231
.6204
.7285
15.6033
15.8533
16.1378
16.2308
16.4461
16.2268
.24
.58
.90
.54
1.53
.97
.50
.42
.58
.57
.64
.66
.74
1.00
1.48
1.11
2.17
1.63
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
3R47A9M523280
CVS.75-LATR
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE
         1979 OLDSMOBILE CUTLASS

TEST.DISP  ODOMETER          HC
                                                 CO
                                                            NOX
MI/GAL   DIURNAL  HOT.SOAK  TOTAL.EVAP
822397
840181
840182
840183
840184
840185
840868
VEHICLE. ID
TEST. PROCEDURE
30-83-09
04-83-10
06-83-10
27-83-10
03-83-11
16-83-11
17-83-11
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
IND/COM.MIX
IND/COM.MIX
9T11Y186165 1979
CVS.75-LATR
TEST. NUMBER TEST. DATE
822399
840186
840187
840188
840377
30-83-09
04-83-10
05-83-10
31-83-10
01-83-11
TEST.DISP
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
BASE. CONFIG
COMM.UNLEAD
COMM.UNLEAD
37854.0
37873.0
38018.0
38057.0
38080.0
38225.0
38247.0
FORD PINTO
ODOMETER
26903.0
26922.0
26941.0
27068.0
27109.0
1.18670
1.40030
.99930
1.28210
.95480
1.42140
1.27710

HC
1.55980
1.60820
1.43740
1.51690
1.43980
12
16
14
17
12
18
16


14
18
12
14
12
.8680
.7870
.9630
.6410
.7730
.2410
.4620

CO
.4800
.4720
.7650
.8650
.3040
2.3905
2.3258
2.6362
2.3159
2.4779
2.4445
2.6706

NOX
1.2922
1 .1889
1.4157
1.2898
1.2521
18.6679
18.9960
19.2474
18.9199
19.4421
19.2741
19.1128

MI/GAL
21.9652
22.3841
22.8158
22.4375
22.7448
1.80
1.98
2.81
12.65
6.03
2.46
1.65

DIURNAL
.11
.28
.30
.48
.25
1.85
1.70
1.68
1.48
1.83
1.76
1.66

HOT. SOAK
.50
.73
.81
.90
.93
3.66
3.68
4.49
14.13
7.86
4.22
3.31

TOTAL. EVAP
.62
1.01
1.11
1.37
1.18
                                                                                                                                 U)
                                                                                                                                 o

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                                                Modified Driving Cycles
VEHICLE.ID
TEST.PROCEDURE
1FABP0524BU15883
HAG.BY.
1981   FORD ESCORT
 TEST.NUMBER TEST.DATE  ECTD.TEST.DISP  ODOhETER
                                                          HC
                                                                     CO
                                                                                NOX
                                                                      MI/GAL.   DIURNAL  HOT. SOAK   TOTAL.EVAF
840395 12-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
840394 15-83-12 _u«i.3Pli-A
840398 20-83-12 MED.SPD-B
840393 22-83-12 MED.SPD-B
30410.0
30430.0
30561.0
30573.0
VEHICLE. ID 1G1AX68R6CT10287 198-, CHEVROl ET
TEST, PROCEDURE BAG. BY. BAG
TEST. NUMBER TEST. DATE ECTD. TEST. DISP
841345 13-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841346 14-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841347 21-83-12 MED.SPD-B
841348 04-84-01 MED.SPD-B

ODOMETER
35723.0
35740.0
35872.0
35889.0
2 . 221
.000
1.491
.000
CITATION

HC
.669
.000
.522
.488
VEHICLE. ID 103AP35Y5DX34364 1983 OLDSMOBILE CUSTOM
TEST. PROCEDURE BAG. BY. BAG
TEST. NUMBER TEST. DATE ECTD. TEST. DISP
841195 09-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841196 12-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841197 16-83-12 MED.SPD-B
841198 19-83-12 MED.SPD-B
841622 10-84-01 MED.SPD-B

ODOMETER
23073.0
23079.0
23221.0
23229.0
23258.0
VEHICLE. ID 1P3BP26C9DF25153 1983 PLYMOUTH
TEST. PROCEDURE BAG. BY. BAG
TEST. NUMBER TEST. DATE ECTD. TEST. DISP
841199 15-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841200 19-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
840389 21-83-12 MED.SPD-B
840388 22-83-12 MED.SPP-B
841624 04-84-01 MED.SPD-B

ODOMETER
3235.0
3241.0
3384.0
3392.0
3417.0
VEHICLE. ID 2FABP43F2DB14851 1983 LTD CROUN
TEST. PROCEDURE BAG. BY. BAG
TEST. NUMBER TEST. DATE ECTD. TEST. DISP
841344 12-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841349 14-83-12 LOU.SPD-A
841351 19-83-12 MED.SPD-B

ODOMETER
11231.0
11237.0
11373.0

HC
.916
.869
.675
.633
.653
RELIANT

HC
.975
.535
.498
.483
.382
VICTORIA

HC
.855
.570
.758
51.595
.000
46.278
.000


CO
7.523
.000
9.372
12.020
CRUISER

CO
13.767
15.914
12.316
10.126
9.507


CO
19.489
11.667
11 .501
11.259
7.299


CO
16.326
11.088
18.965
.903
.000
1.176
.000


NOX
.637
.000
.814
.771


NOX
.938
.934
1.083
1.207
1.157


NOX
.517
.584
.979
.971
.970


NOX
.738
.649
.626
22.8
.0
23.5



MI/GAL
24.4
.0
24.5
24.7


MI/GAL
13.7
13.7
15.1
14.8
14.6


MI/GAL
21.5
21.8
21.9
22.4
22. 1


MI/GAL
12.1
12.3
13.6
.51
.86
.34
.23


DIURNAL
1.03
.82
.62
1.18


DIURNAL
1.24
1.88
2.42
1.07
2.54


DIURNAL
3.92
4.41
2.52
2.19
1 .88


DIURNAL
2.74
1.56
3.01
.97
.93
1.11
1.13


HOT . SOAK
.91
1.02
.71
.67


HOT. SOAK
2.60
2.64
3.04
2.81
2.94


HOT. SOAK
.97
1.09
1.17
1.09
1.04


HOT. SOAK
.57
.53
.55
1.48
1.79
1.45
1.36


TOTAL. EVAP
1.94
1 .84
1.33
1.85


TOTAL . EVAP
3.84
4.51
5.46
3.89
5.48


TOTAL. EVAP
4.89
5.51
3.69
3.28
2.92


TOTAL. EVAP
3.30
2.10
3 * 5o (

-------