SEPA
United States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
EPA-450/4-90-002b
DECEMBER 1990
AIR
REGIONAL OZONE MODELING
FOR
NORTHEAST TRANSPORT
(ROMNET)
Appendices
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EPA-450/4-91-002b
REGIONAL OZONE MODELING
FOR
NORTHEAST TRANSPORT
(ROMNET)
APPENDICES
Edited by
Norman C. Possiel*
Technical Support Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
and
Lenard B. Milich
Beverly R. Goodrich
Computer Sciences Corporation
P.O. Box 12767
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
*On assignment from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
Technical Support Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
December, 1990
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents Hi
Table of Figures v
Table of Tables vi
A Project Protocol Regional Ozone Modeling for Northeast Transport (ROMNET) A-1
A.1 Introduction A-3
A.1.1 Purpose A-3
A.1.2 Need for Regional Scale Modeling A-4
A. 1.3 ROMNET Overview A-6
A.2 Program Participants A-7
A.3 Project Organization A-8
A.3.1 Technical Committees A-8
A.3.2 Management Review Committee A-10
A.3.3 Program Management A-11
A.3.4 Committee Decision-Making Process A-11
A.3.5 Committee Communications A-12
A.4 Technical Program A-13
A.4.1 Emissions Inventory Development A-13
A.4.2 Strategy Development A-15
A.4.3 Regional Modeling A-16
A.4.4 Program Outputs A-21
A.5 Special Program Considerations A-22
A.6 Program Schedule and Resources A-23
A.7 Summary A-25
B ROMNET Committee Members and Contractor Teams B-1
C Functions of the ROM2.1 processors C-1
D Episode Meteorological Conditions and Observed Ozone Concentrations D-1
D.1 Introduction D-3
D.2 June 8 - 20,1983 D-3
D.3 July 7-22, 1985 D-5
D.4 August 7 -16,1985 D-7
D.5 July 2 -17,1988 D-9
E Episode Meteorological Data Summaries E-1
F Forward and Back Trajectories for ROMNET Episodes F-1
June 1983 F-3
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August 1985 F-15
July 1988 F-29
G MOBILE4 Emission Factor Temperature Adjustments G-1
H State Summaries of 1985 Base Case Emissions by Source Category H-1
I Percent Change in Regional Emissions for Phase I Scenarios and Percent Change in
Emissions for Selected Urban Areas for Phase I and Phase II Scenarios (All Anthropogenic
Sources) 1-1
J Projection and Control Methodologies J-1
J.1 Introduction J-3
J.2 Point And Area Sources J-3
J.3 Mobile Sources J-4
J.4 Growth Factors J-6
K 2005 Baseline Area Source State and County Control Efficiencies K-1
L MOBILE4 Input Records For ROMNET Scenarios L-1
M Layer 1 Episode Maximum Ozone Concentrations M-1
June 1983 M-3
July 1985 M-7
August 1985 M-11
July 1988 M-15
N Technical Approaches to Interface the ROM with UAM Processors N-1
N.1 Attributes of the Regional and Urban Models Relevant to Interfacing N-3
N.2 Treatment of Meteorological and Surface Parameters N-4
N.2.1 Diffusion Break and Region Top Heights N-4
N.2.2 Meteorological Scalars N-6
N.2.3 Surface Air-Temperature Field N-8
N.2.4 Wind Fields N-8
N.2.5 Surface Characteristics N-11
N.3 Treatment of Concentrations N-12
N.3.1 Initial Conditions N-14
N.3.2 Lateral Boundary Conditions N-15
N.3.3 Top Boundary Conditions N-15
N.3.4 Summary of Concentration Interfacing N-16
N.4 Treatment of Area Biogenic Emissions N-16
IV
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TABLE OF FIGURES
A-1 The ROMNET region A-26
A-2 ROMNET management structure A-27
A-3 ROMNET program milestones A-27
D-1 Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, June 7 - 21,1983 D-12
D-2 Near-surface back trajectories for June 9,14,15, and 16,1983 D-13
D-3 Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, July 6 - 23,1985 D-16
D-4 Near-surface back trajectories for July 9,10,13,19, and 20,1985 D-17
D-5 Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, August 6 -17,1985 D-20
D-6 Near-surface back trajectories for August 9,13,14, and 15,1985 D-21
D-7 Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, July 3-19,1988 D-23
D-8 Near-surface back trajectories for July 6-11,1988 D-24
D-9 Near-surface back trajectories for July 13,14, and 16,1988 D-27
D-10 Observed episode maximum ozone concentrations: July 11 - 23, 1983; July 7-22,
1985; August 7-16,1985; and July 2 -17, 1988 D-29
1-1 Regional VOC emissions for Phase I scenarios I-5
I-2 Regional NOX emissions for Phase I scenarios I-6
I-3 Regional CO emissions for Phase I scenarios I-7
N-1 Example of grid points of the ROM cells overlaying a DAM domain N-17
N-2 Time variation of the region top and diffusion break heights over two diurnal periods
N-17
N-3 Wind field derived for an example (JAM grid from the ROM gridded wind components
N-18
N-4 Example set of ROM and DAM grid cells for the fractional area weighting method N-18
N-5 Boundary grid cells in the UAM are the outer cells enclosed by bold lines N-19
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TABLE OF TABLES
C-1 Functional descriptions of the ROM 2.1 input processors C-3
D-1 Surface daytime and nighttime ozone concentrations at the boundaries of the
ROMNET modeling domain for the 1983,1985, and 1988 episodes D-31
E-1 June 9 - June 20,1983 episode E-4
E-2 July 7 - July 23,1985 episode E-16
E-3 August6-August 16, 1985 E-33
E-4 July 4 - July 18,1988 E-44
G-1 Composite MOBILE4 emission factors for different temperatures G-3
H-1 Connecticut 1985 base case emissions by source category H-3
H-2 Delaware 1985 base case emissions by source category H-5
H-3 District of Columbia 1985 base case emissions by source category H-7
H-4 Indiana 1985 base case emissions by source category H-9
H-5 Kentucky 1985 base case emissions by source category H-11
H-6 Maine 1985 base case emissions by source category H-13
H-7 Maryland 1985 base case emissions by source category H-15
H-8 Massachusetts 1985 base case emissions by source category H-18
H-9 Michigan 1985 base case emissions by source category H-21
H-10 New Hampshire 1985 base case emissions by source category H-24
H-11 New Jersey 1985 base case emissions by source category H-26
H-12 New York 1985 base case emissions by source category H-29
H-13 North Carolina 1985 base case emissions by source category H-32
H-14 Ohio 1985 base case emissions by source category H-34
H-15 Pennsylvania 1985 base case emissions by source category H-37
H-16 Rhode Island 1985 base case emissions by source category H-40
H-17 Tennessee 1985 base case emissions by source category H-42
H-18 Vermont 1985 base case emissions by source category H-45
H-19 Virginia 1985 base case emissions by source category H-47
H-20 West Virginia 1985 base case emissions by source category H-50
1-1 Percent change in emissions for Baltimore/Washington, DC, for Phase I and Phase II
scenarios 1-11
I-2 Percent change in emissions for Philadelphia for Phase I and Phase II scenarios 1-12
I-3 Percent change in emissions for New York City for Phase I and Phase II scenarios 1-13
I-4 Percent change in emissions for Boston for Phase I and Phase II scenarios 1-14
I-5 Percent change in emissions for Pittsburgh for Phase I and Phase II scenarios 1-15
VI
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1-6 Percent change in emissions for Cleveland for Phase I and Phase II scenarios 1-16
I-7 Percent change in emissions for Detroit for Phase I and Phase II scenarios 1-17
I-8 Percent change in emissions for Charleston, WV, for Phase I and Phase II scenarios
1-18
J-1 Equations used to predict future point- and area-source emissions J-8
J-2 Point-source control pods J-9
J-3 Area-source categories in the ROMNET inventory J-10
J-4 Equations used to predict future mobile-source emissions J-11
J-5 General 2005 growth rates by state and SIC J-12
J-6 2005 growth rates for utilities and industrial combustion J-32
K-1 Statewide 2005 area-source control efficiencies K-3
K-2 County-specific 2005 area-source control efficiencies K-4
L-1 MOBILE4 inputs: 1985 base case, no I/M programs L-3
L-2 MOBILE4 inputs: 1985 base case, basic I/M program L-4
L-3 MOBILE4 inputs: 2005 baseline, no I/M programs L-5
L-4 MOBILE4 inputs: 2005 baseline, basic I/M programs L-6
L-5 MOBILE4 inputs: maximum technology strategy L-7
L-6 MOBILE4 inputs: Clean Air Act strategy L-8
N-1 List of meteorological scalars N-20
N-2 Method for deriving the exposure index N-21
N-3 Wind interfacing method N-22
N-4 Land use categories and associated deposition factors N-23
N-5 Chemical species in the DAM (CB-IV) model N-24
N-6 Vertical methodology for interfacing concentrations N-25
N-7 Concentration interfacing procedures N-26
VII
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APPENDIX A
PROJECT PROTOCOL
REGIONAL OZONE MODELING FOR NORTHEAST TRANSPORT
(ROMNET)
June 1988
Source Receptor Analysis Branch
Technical Support Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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A.1 INTRODUCTION
A.1.1 Purpose
Control strategies to attain ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are complicated by
the impact of ozone and ozone precursors transported from one urban area to another. The problem of
pollutant transport is especially acute where several urban areas are in close proximity to one another,
as in the Northeastern U.S. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) together with states in the
Northeast are undertaking a program to quantify the concentrations of transported ozone and precursor
pollutants as part of the effort to reach attainment of the NAAQS in a timely manner. The program will
employ the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) which was developed for this purpose. The effort is entitled
"Regional Ozone Modeling for Northeast Transport (ROMNET)." ROMNET is designed to: (1) provide air
pollution control agencies in the Northeast with information on ozone and precursor transport between
urban areas; (2) assess the impact of regional strategies on ozone concentration and interurban trans-
port;1 and (3) provide guidance for incorporating ozone and precursor pollutant transport in future State
Implementation Plan (SIP) development activities.
The primary purpose of this document is to provide a clear statement of the objectives and the technical,
managerial, and resource aspects of ROMNET. This includes the project goals, outputs (i.e., results and
interpretation), and basic program assumptions. Important to understanding the program is a compre-
hension of SIP related activities that are clearly beyond the scope of ROMNET. This particular aspect is
further amplified in Section A.5.
Major factors in successful completion of ROMNET are the organizational structure and participation by
the respective States. The accomplishment of ROMNET goals requires that participants (see Section
A.2) include those organizations that have a major interest and/or stake in the outcome and results of
this program. The management structure for the program is designed to lead to efficient conduct of the
study. This structure ensures that the participants have an input to the basic decision and analysis
process.
1. This assessment will be designed such that the findings will be useful for subsequent ozone policy planning by EPA, States,
and/or other political/ institutional organizations including the Transport Advisory Group identified in the EPA's proposed
post-1987 ozone policy.
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This protocol also serves as the focal point for the initiation, conduct, and interpretation of the study. It
presents the technical program that must be accomplished and the schedules that must be met in order
to complete the study successfully. However, it does not present intimate details of each technical task.
A complete description of the technical activities relies upon the specific results of analyses performed
during the study. For example, decisions by the various program committees will affect the final path of
ROMNET. In this regard, the protocol will be supplemented periodically by technical committee reports
as specific tasks are completed.
A.1.2 Need for Regional Scale Modeling
Ozone and ozone precursors are transported beyond the political borders of the source areas and
impact air quality at considerable distances from the area of those emissions. This fact has been well
documented by the scientific community and has been recognized by decision-makers. As a conse-
quence, EPA has established a policy for considering ozone and precursor transport in the development
of strategies for meeting the ozone NAAQS. In this policy it is assumed that ozone concentrations at an
area's upwind boundary do not exceed the ambient air quality standards. However, on some occa-
sions, transport may be a major factor leading to observed ozone levels greater than 0.12 ppm. It is
argued that previous programs which focussed solely on urban scale modeling analyses, have failed to
account properly for the effect and magnitude of ozone and precursor transport.
The consideration of ozone and precursor transport is of particular importance in the Northeast due to
several factors. Along the Northeast Corridor there are five major urban areas in close proximity:
Washington, D.C.; Baltimore, MD; Philadelphia, PA; New York, NY; and Boston, MA. In addition, there
are several medium-size cities including Wilmington, DE; Trenton, NJ; Allentown, PA; Hartford, CT; and
Providence, Rl. Also, the suburban areas surrounding each of these metropolitan centers nearly overlap
to provide an almost continuous corridor of sources emitting ozone precursors. Aside from these
source areas, emissions in other less populated areas of the Northeast and/or Cities such as Pittsburgh,
PA; Buffalo, NY; Cleveland, OH; Detroit, Ml; and Toronto, ON may at times contribute to the ozone
problem along the Corridor. A compounding factor is the meteorological conditions that exist frequently
in the Northeast during the summer. In particular, the wind flow often favors ozone and precursor
A-4
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transport both between urban areas in the Corridor and into the Corridor from other parts of the North-
east. The result can be multiday episodes of high ozone concentrations across broad areas of this
region.
There have been a number of modeling studies which indicate the sensitivity of emissions controls to
assumptions about the transport of ozone and precursor pollutants. Urban scale modeling with the
Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) and the Urban Airshed Model (UAM) have demonstrated
the critical role of pollutant concentrations advected into the modeling area. These boundary condi-
tions, which represent pollutant transport into the urban area are important to estimating the impact of
emissions changes on ozone concentrations within the modeling domain.
The specification of representative boundary conditions for photochemical modeling analyses using
EKMA or UAM is not simple. The difficulties arise in part because of a lack of spatial resolution at the
surface and aloft of ozone and precursor pollutant measurements. Such measurements are necessary
for estimating concentrations for each simulated time step along the modeling domain boundary. This
is further complicated by the need for future year boundary conditions in estimating the necessary
emissions controls in a given area. The future year conditions account for the effects of 1) anticipated
changes in emissions between the base year and the attainment date due to factors such as population
growth and control programs already mandated, but not fully implemented, and 2) strategies applied in
upwind areas.
The regional scale model applications performed in ROMNET will provide realistic estimates of trans-
ported pollutant concentrations for a number of regional emissions scenarios. In this regard, the mod-
eling results will provide data for estimating urban scale boundary conditions for both base year and
possible future year emissions scenarios.
In addition, the modeling results will be used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of selected regional
emissions strategies for reducing ozone concentrations to levels at or below 0.12 ppm. However,
regional modeling alone is insufficient for attainment demonstrations. The relatively coarse spatial scale
of ROM grids (18-1/2 x 18-1/2 km), compared to the sharp gradients of ozone observed in urban plumes,
tends to smooth out and thus, underestimate peak l-hour concentrations. As discussed below, it is
intended that the results from regional modeling will be used by States to support subsequent urban
scale modeling analyses to demonstrate attainment.
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A.1.3 ROMNET Overview
The two primary objectives of ROMNET are 1) to provide estimates of ozone and precursor concentra-
tions at the urban area boundaries for use in SIP planning, and 2) to evaluate the relative impact of
regional controls on ozone in the Northeast. These will be accomplished through the application of
ROM for several multiday episodes using various emissions scenarios which collectively reflect base
case, projection year, and potential combined regional and urban control strategies. It should be noted
that emissions strategies selected for testing are not necessarily endorsed for implementation by any
agency involved in the program.
The ROM predictions will be presented in a manner that permits boundary conditions to be specified for
subsequent modeling with either EKMA or UAM. Is this sense, ROMNET will facilitate State evaluation of
urban control strategies that realistically consider pollutant transport for a number of regional emissions
scenarios. The program will also include an interpretation of predictions to consider relative effects of the
regional strategies. In this regard, the results of ROMNET are also intended to be used by EPA, States,
and/or other political/institutional organizations in formulating policy decisions on the relative merits of
implementing various regional strategies.2 The framework for making such decisions is beyond the
scope of ROMNET since it is dependent upon a number of factors which are presently undefined or
unknown such as the final shape and form of the Agency's post '87 ozone policy and to some extent the
actual findings from ROMNET.
The program design includes three major tasks: (1) emissions inventory development; (2) strategy
development; and (3) ROM simulations. Through this protocol the interaction of these elements is
structured logically from both a management and technical perspective to accomplish the basic pur-
pose of the program. The first task includes the acquisition of the base year emissions inventories of
hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and carbon monoxide (CO). This task also includes
development of inventories for a selected future year(s) and for emissions reduction strategies. The
development and selection of strategies to be simulated by ROM will be conducted in the second task.
The ROM will be applied using the base year, projection year(s), and strategy emissions as part of the
third task. This final task will also include the compilation of model predictions of ozone and precursor
2. For example, the Transport Advisory Group identified in EPA's proposal post '87 policy would be one of the groups which will
use ROMNET results in formulating policy on transport.
A-6
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concentrations into a format for use by States in estimating urban scale boundary conditions. In addi-
tion, these data will be analyzed and interpreted to discern the impact of the simulated strategies on
interurban transport and the magnitude of ozone relative to the level of the ozone NAAQS.
The remainder of this protocol is structured to address the Participants (Section A.2), the Project Orga-
nization (Section A.3), the Technical Program (Section A.4), Special Considerations (Section A.5), and
the Program Schedule and Resources (Section A.6). Section A.5 also includes a discussion of the
necessary limitations of ROMNET and how these considerations relate to the goals of the program.
A.2 PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS
As can be seen from Figure A-1, the domain of the modeling region extends across a major portion of
the Mid-Atlantic and New England States and also includes Ohio and part of Michigan. This area
encompasses 16 States and Washington, D.C. across five different EPA Regional Offices. A principal
component of this program is the involvement of as many of the State agencies as possible at each level
within ROMNET. It is anticipated that the States in EPA Regions I, II, and III will be the prime contributors
to this program, with an appropriate commitment by each of the respective Regional Offices. In addition,
it will be important for Ohio, Michigan, and Region V to participate. Emissions from these areas may
have a significant impact on ozone and precursor concentrations, particularly in the western portion of
the modeling domain. Finally, participation by Kentucky, and consequently Region IV, will be sought to
ensure an accurate representation of the conditions existing in the southwestern edge of the program
area.
Full participation by the above organizations will be critical, particularly in the emission inventory/pro-
jection phase of ROMNET. In this regard, each State will be requested to (1) confirm the appropriate-
ness of techniques used to project/allocate growth and emissions controls, and (2) indicate any
limitations that apply to the NAPAP emissions data base as they relate to the specific goals of ROMNET.
Aside from the emissions activities, it is anticipated that many of the States will be concerned about the
selection of meteorological episodes in the modeling phase of ROMNET. The task of developing control
strategies is also expected to be of high interest. Finally, a Management Review Committee (see Section
A.3) will be established with participation from senior level individuals of each State and Regional Office.
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In addition to participation by the EPA Regional Offices, there will be several EPA units involved in vari-
ous aspects of ROMNET. Specifically, participation by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS), the Office of Research and Development (ORD), the Office of Policy Analysis and Review
(OPAR), and the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) will be necessary to complete this
program successfully. As discussed in Section A.3, all participants will be provided an opportunity to
participate in or comment on major Program decisions and will be advised of the completion of major
activities.
A.3 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The organization of the study relies on a multilayered or tiered management structure. This manage-
ment concept is designed to accomplish two purposes. First, it involves as many of the interested
agencies as possible. Second, this management structure allows individual expertise from both States
and EPA to be brought into the appropriate committee and phase of work. The basic program will be
directed by an EPA manager in OAQPS who will serve to guide the project to a successful completion.
This individual, identified as the Program Director (see Figure A-2), will be the liaison between the Man-
agement Review Committee and the technical program elements. The Program Director will be assisted
by the Technical Coordinator who will ensure that the various technical tasks are properly designed and
integrated among the technical committees.
A.3.1 Technical Committees
The technical program is subdivided along the three basic performance areas: (1) emissions inventory;
(2) modeling; and (3) strategy development. Each of these areas will have a committee responsible for
identifying and resolving technical problems and accomplishing the appropriate activities. The specific
responsibilities are identified below. Each committee will be directed by an OAQPS staff member. The
committee chairmen will be responsible for organizing the activities and interfacing with the Technical
Coordinator. Additionally, the chairman of each committee will be responsible for developing a work
plan in concert with the Technical Coordinator, monitoring the progress of work underway, and notifying
the Technical Coordinator of problems or program delays.
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The Emissions Committee is responsible for the development of the regional scale inventories asso-
ciated with both projection and control strategy scenarios in a form and format consistent with ROM. A
major portion of the projection inventory will be performed by a contractor under the direction of EPA
with review by the appropriate States. The Committee will also be responsible for ensuring the com-
patibility between control strategy design and the ability of the emissions inventory system to resolve
emissions in the desired manner. A third responsibility of this Committee will be the transmittal of the
emissions inventories to the Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory (ASRL) for use in ROM simu-
lations. The documentation of all inventory-related activities including the application of projection
techniques and emissions calculations for alternative control strategies is also a major responsibility of
this Committee. The Committee will be composed of senior technical individuals from the organizations
represented. Members should have broad experience in the development and application of emissions
inventories and projection methodologies for use in air quality dispersion modeling.
As an adjunct to the committee activity, States will need to provide technical information to the EPA
contractor on emissions growth factors and other aspects of the future-year and control strategy inven-
tories. With this close cooperation, States will be able to ensure that the basic information which has
been previously verified as part of NAPAP, is properly applied by the contractor in the process of
applying projection factors and imposing control strategies.
ASRL will conduct the regional scale modeling analyses, including base year, projection years(s), and
control strategy simulations. The Modeling Committee will oversee ASRL which will require that mem-
bers of the Committee review the development and selection of meteorological episodes. In addition,
this committee has a major responsibility for designing and conducting the analysis of ROM predictions.
The development of guidance on the use of the ROM results in future urban scale modeling efforts, is
also a responsibility of this committee. The Committee will be responsible for establishing procedures to
interface the ROM results with currently recommended urban scale modeling techniques (DAM and
EKMA). This procedure is a major output of the study and will be presented in guidance documents so
that future users will have a complete understanding of techniques for applying ROMNET results to var-
ious meteorological scenarios under differing regional control strategies.
State experts in modeling and meteorological assessment may desire to participate at the working level
of the Modeling Committee. They will provide assistance in selection of meteorological episodes that
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lead to the transport conditions of concern within ROMNET. In addition, these individuals will likely be
the end users of the data produced by ROMNET. They should ensure, either by review or participation,
that the data and guidance will be useful in future urban scale modeling efforts.
The final technical committee is the Strategy Committee. The responsibility of this Committee will be
development of control scenarios that include regional/urban scale strategies. The Committee will prio-
ritize the strategies developed for simulation with the ROM. These strategies will need to represent a
coordinated approach to the problem of regional transport but need not be endorsed as strategies to be
adopted as part of the ozone implementation program. The results of this activity will be a report on the
basis of each strategy and justification for strategy selection. In addition, the committee will interpret the
model predictions relative to the consequences of implementing the simulated strategies. This activity
will be conducted in association with results of analyses by the Modeling Committee in order to provide
a regional assessment of the effectiveness of these strategies.
It is intended that this Committee be staffed by senior staff individuals from each participating agency
with sufficient background in SIP development and implementation to understand and address the
major issues in control strategy selection. State participation in the Strategy Committee will be neces-
sary to ensure appropriate consideration of each State's current implementation program. In addition,
States will be able to comment on the feasibility of certain emission control strategy elements
considered to be based upon the currently active programs within the specific States. Through knowl-
edge of specific programs currently anticipated to be implemented as well as the extent of application of
such measures, ROMNET will be able to assess more accurately future transport conditions.
A.3.2 Management Review Committee
The Management Review Committee will be formed as part of ROMNET and will be composed of senior
level agency personnel from each participating agency and chaired by OAQPS. The Management
Review Committee will provide a forum to ensure that the focus of ROMNET is maintained within the
interests of the multiple agencies involved. This committee will be more concerned with the basic goals
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and objectives of ROMNET than with the technical details of program accomplishments. Moreover, one
of the responsibilities of the MRC is to ensure that the program activities are directed such that the
results of simulating regional strategies will be useful in subsequent policy decisions beyond ROMNET.
A.3.3 Program Management
There will be two individuals who will manage the many different aspects of the ROMNET activities on a
day-to-day basis. The lead responsibility for this program will be assumed by the Program Director, who
will be assisted by the Technical Coordinator. Responsibilities will include the overall technical ade-
quacy of the program, as well as guiding and reviewing the work of the technical committees. This will
require coordinating the activities between technical committees and ensuring that each committee is
provided with all relevant information from other associated activities. In addition, the Program Director
will keep the Management Review Committee abreast of the technical committees' progress and ensure
that consensus recommendations/findings of the Management Review Committee are integrated into
the committees' work.
An Advisory Council will be established to assist the Program Director in formulating decisions relative to
the conduct of the program. In this sense the Council will advise the Program Director on major or
controversial issues involving resources, schedules, cooperation, technical activities and program
direction toward achieving ROMNET objectives. The Advisory Council will consist of 3 representatives
from the States and one each from Region-l, II, and III. It is intended that these individuals, as mid-level
management, will maintain a perspective broader than the individual technical committees concerning
technical program accomplishments and direction. The Advisory Council will address issues of pro-
gram management, resources, cooperation, and direction toward achieving ROMNET objectives. In
addition, the Advisory Council will be consulted for input on decisions necessary to ensure timely
completion of the technical program.
A.3.4 Committee Decision-Making Process
Technical committee decisions and recommendations will reflect a consensus of the committee mem-
bership. This consensus will generally be sought after the committee chair makes straw man proposals.
However, other members of the committee are also free to make such proposals. If a consensus can not
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be reached then decisions will be made by majority rule. EPA and its contractors will then attempt to
implement resulting decisions. If unanticipated technical issues arise, these will be identified and alter-
native solutions proposed. If the solution is obvious or if it is agreed beforehand that time is of the
essence, the alternative will be implemented and the committee members advised soon after the fact. If
neither of these two conditions exist, committee members will be asked to react to proposed alterna-
tives.
The technical committee chairmen and Technical Coordinator are responsible for informing the Program
Director of the consensus decisions as well as any counter arguments or recommendations posed by
committee members. The Program Director is then responsible for providing this information to the
Advisory Council. The Program Director will consider the advice of the Council in formulating a decision
on the issue in question. With three exceptions, agreement between the Program Director and at lease
two-thirds of the Council is sufficient for implementing the decision. These exceptions include issues
involving resources, schedules, and the selection of strategies. For these issues and in cases when
there is not an agreement between the Program Director and the Council, the Program Director will seek
consensus approval from the management Review Committee chairman.
A.3.5 Committee Communications
Communications within the committees and between the committees, their chairmen, the Technical
Coordinator, Project Director, Advisory Council, and Management Review Committee will proceed as
follows. It is anticipated that the committees will meet 3 to 4 times per year. The first technical committee
meetings will be held soon after the MRC approves the final protocol. The frequency and need for sub-
sequent meetings will be at the discretion of the individual committees. However, it is anticipated that, at
a minimum, meeting will be held on a quarterly basis. Given the close proximity of the technical
committee chairmen, Technical Coordinator, and Program Director, joint meetings among these per-
sons will be held frequently. The use of conference calls for committee meetings will be made as war-
ranted. Also, there will be more frequent contact (e.g., daily/ weekly) between technical committee
chairmen and individual committee members on specific issues during the course of the program.
Written summaries of the committee meetings will be prepared by each chairman. Copies will be dis-
tributed to the members, the other committee chairmen, Technical coordinator, and Advisory Council.
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Written descriptions of major decisions or proposed decisions on controversial topics will be prepared
for the Advisory Council, as events warrant. Copies will be sent to the chairman of the Management
Review Committee. In addition, quarterly reports will be prepared and sent to all committee/council
members beginning April 15, 1988. These reports will include key accomplishments during the past
quarter, comparison with the Protocol's schedule, anticipated activities for the next quarter, and prob-
lems resolved or needing resolution.
A.4 TECHNICAL PROGRAM
The following discussion presents the basic technical approach to be used in performing the tasks
necessary to produce ozone and precursor concentration estimates for the various control strategy
scenarios. The specific activities of each task are identified along with the group responsible for ensur-
ing completion of the activity.
A.4.1 Emissions Inventory Development
The activities associated with this task are intended to provide the emissions inventories which will serve
as the basis for simulating ozone and precursor concentrations for selected emissions scenarios. Three
types of emissions scenarios will be examined in ROMNET: (1) base year; (2) projection year(s); and (3)
regional/urban control strategies.
Base Year
The base year emissions necessary for ROM simulations will include the 1985 NAPAP HC and NO*
inventories for point, area, and mobile source categories. This data base is complete for purposes of
ROMNET and will not require a major effort in this program. The Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory (AEERL) and OAQPS are currently responsible for overseeing the development and quality
assurance of these inventories under the NAPAP. This includes acquisition of raw emissions data from
the United States and Canada, the performance of spatial, temporal, and seasonal allocations, and the
specification of HC into the Carbon Bond Mechanism Version (CBM-4) classification. The weekday and
weekend summer season versions of these inventories will be provided to ASRL by AEERL. ASRL will
then perform the necessary processing and screening prior to using these data for ROM simulations.
An inventory for HC emissions from biogenic sources will be developed by ASRL and included with
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anthropogenic emissions in the model simulations. Oversight of this activity, including an assessment of
the uncertainty in biogenic emissions, will be performed by the Emissions Committee. Finally, a 1985
CO emissions inventory for the modeling domain will be extracted from the National Emissions Data
System (NEDS) by an EPA contractor.
Projection Year
The selection of a projection year will be critical because of the impact of source growth and expansion
on the base inventory. Additionally, certain control programs, e.g., Federal Motor Vehicle Control Pro-
gram (FMVCP), begin to have a reduced effectiveness in later years. Recommendations on the projec-
tion year will be the responsibility of the Emissions Committee. The recommendations and basis for
selection will be documented in a technical memorandum to the Program Director. In considering the
choice of a projection year, the Committee should consider such factors as reasonable time to imple-
ment controls, effect of population growth, the Agency's policy for attainment of the ozone NAAQS, etc.
The development of the projection year inventory will be conducted primarily via contract. State assis-
tance and cooperation will be necessary to advise the contractor on State specific items so that the
projection techniques are properly applied to the inventory data base. The first step in constructing
these inventories will be the preparation of a set of consistent procedures for generating growth factors
for areas in the modeling domain. The actual growth factors for urban and rural areas need not be the
same. However, the underlying technical basis must be sound. Once these factors have been docu-
mented and approved by the Emissions Committee, the factors will be applied to the base year inven-
tories by an EPA contractor using the Flexible Regional Emissions Data System (FREDS) inventory
management system to develop the projection year inventories.
Strategy Inventories
Emissions inventories for HC, NO and CO will be developed for each of the alternative control strategies
to be examined in ROMNET. This activity will be conducted primarily via contract and will require the
translation of the strategy scenarios specified by the Strategy Committee into emissions changes by
county. This information will be processed by the contractor to generate HC, NOX) and CO anthropo-
genic inventories for each strategy-scenario. A report documenting these activities as well as the
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change in emissions attributable to these strategies will be prepared by the contractor in a format
specified by the Emissions Committee. The application of the selected strategies to the inventory will be
reviewed by both the Strategy and Emissions Committees.
Quality Assurance
A major concern that continues to be expressed about all aspects of photochemical modeling is the
quality of the emissions data base used to drive the calculation of air quality concentrations. The 1985
NAPAP data bases will have been previously reviewed by the States involved and should require no
additional quality assurance verification. The major responsibility for quality assurance of the other
emissions data bases (e.g., CO, biogenics) will be with the Emissions Committee. The Committee will
oversee the interpolation and compilation by a contractor of quality assurance information produced by
AEERL, their contractors, or other groups involved in NAPAP. The Committee will be responsible for
preparing a technical memorandum discussing (1) any identified deficiencies in the inventory base, (2)
the consequence of such deficiencies on the projection and strategy inventories, (3) the potential effect
of such deficiencies on the prediction of ozone and precursor concentrations, and (4) recommendations
on changes to the inventories to correct deficiencies.
A.4.2 Strategy Development
This activity may be the most complex in the ROMNET program. Control strategy development will
require an understanding not only of the emission inventory specifications, but also the technical feasi-
bility of specific control options. Effects of the spatial variation of emissions on ozone and precursor
transport should also be understood. Development of the control scenarios must take into account the
utility of the ROMNET results in SIP related analyses and in future policy planning concerning imple-
mentation of regional strategies.
The Strategy Committee will develop a menu of proposed regional/urban strategies. This menu will
likely include a matrix of strategies which consists of variations in (1) the level of control, (2) the source
types controlled, .and (3) the spatial application of controls. For example, possible strategies may
include one or more of the following: (1) presently mandated control programs; (2) expanding the
application of present programs to other areas within the region; (3) increasing the stringency of present
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programs; (4) placing additional "across-the-board" controls (i.e., on all source categories) in various
sectors of the region; and (5) placing additional source-specific controls in various sectors of the region
(e.g., fuel switching, controls on architectural coatings, etc.). In the development of these strategies,
consideration will be given to identifying those controls which are likely to result in ROM predictions of
ozone below the level of the NAAQS. It is anticipated that sufficient resources are available to consider
10 strategies.
The Strategy Committee will prepare recommendations on the proposed strategies for review by the
Management Review Committee. Included in this proposal will be a description of each strategy in
terms of the extent to which the specific control option is currently in place in urban and/or rural areas,
limits on applicability and spatial extent. This description should also assess the extent to which the
emission reductions achieved may be used to represent other potential strategies. The development of
strategies will be coordinated with the Emissions Committee to ensure that the inventory is capable of
adequately reflecting/differentiating the controls specified by the strategy.
The Strategy Committee will prepare a report prioritizing the proposed strategies. This report will
include the basis of each strategy and the method used in prioritizing the alternatives for presentation to
the Management Review Committee. The Management Review Committee will in turn consider the
prioritization and make recommendations on implementation to the Program Director.
A.4.3 Regional Modeling
The focus of the regional modeling task is the application of ROM for the various prescribed emissions
scenarios and the transmittal of results in a usable form. The activities included in this task are as fol-
lows:
1. acquisition and quality assurance processing of meteorological observations and air quality
measurements;
2. selection of meteorological episodes for simulation;
3. preparation of ROM input files and model simulations;
4. evaluation of ROM predictions;
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5. development of procedures for ROM-UAM/EKMA compatibility and preparation of guidance for
using ROM predictions to estimate urban scale modeling boundary conditions; and
6. analysis and interpretation of model predictions to assess the impact of simulated strategies on
a) urban boundary conditions, b) regional ozone concentrations, and c) the consequences of
implementing these strategies.
A description of each of these activities is given below:
Meteorological and Air Quality Data Bases
Applications of the ROM require meteorological inputs for preprocessors which in part drive the hori-
zontal transport, vertical fluxes, and photochemistry inside the modeling domain. Meteorological data
are also used in the generation of the biogenics emissions data sets. All of the meteorological
parameters needed for ROM simulations are obtained from routine National Weather Service surface
observations and upper-air soundings at stations within the domain.
Air quality measurements are used to establish pollutant concentrations along the lateral boundaries of
the modeling domain. To the extent possible these boundary conditions rely upon ozone measurements
in SAROAD. However, there is a lack of 3-dimensional measurements of all chemical species which
require specification. Thus, algorithms based on empirical data are used for estimating pollutant con-
centrations where measurements are not available. In addition, each episode simulated is selected to
start with a regionally "low" ozone day so that the initial pollutant species concentrations may be
estimated from background levels reported in the literature. ASRL will have responsibility for the acqui-
sition of meteorological and air quality data bases required for simulating selected meteorological epi-
sodes. This effort will be overviewed by the Modeling Committee with a concern toward overall program
integrity.
Meteorological Episodes
Modeling each day of the ozone season for the years of potential interest would require resources and
time well beyond those available for ROMNET. Thus, accomplishment of this program will require the
selection of discrete episodes for application with ROM. Episodes will be selected which represent
meteorological conditions that reflect typical transport patterns of ozone and precursors throughout the
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Northeast during periods of high ambient ozone levels. Also, an important consideration in selecting will
be to ensure the future applicability of the ROMNET results to urban scale analyses which may include
days not specifically simulated in ROMNET.
Although the emissions data base is designated for 1985, meteorological conditions during the period
1983 through 1987 will be considered in selecting episodes. The task of assembling the meteorological
and air quality data to be used in the episode selection process will be the responsibility of ASRL Also,
ASRL will prepare data summary information, data displays, and trajectory analyses necessary for
identifying episodes as specified by the Modeling Committee. Interpretation of this information and the
preparation of recommendations on specific episodes will be the responsibility of the Modeling Com-
mittee.
Available resources may permit simulations for 30-45 high ozone days. However, the number of days
simulated will depend upon the length of the episodes and the number of episodes necessary to ade-
quately represent the various transport regimes of interest. Ultimately, the length and number of simu-
lations will be determined by the availability of computer resources and program schedule constraints.
The analyses to choose episodes will proceed in two steps. The first step will include a review of ambi-
ent ozone measurements to identify an initial set of candidate episodes. Criteria used in this first stage
will include the magnitude and regional distribution of ozone concentrations. The second stage will
focus on ozone concentrations in the vicinity of corridor urban areas and the use of trajectory analyses
to infer the extent that meteorological conditions favor interurban and intraregional transport. This two-
stage effort will allow ASRL to begin as early as possible the lengthy task of processing meteorological
data likely to be simulated by ROM. The Modeling Committee will prepare a report on the selection
meteorological episodes, including a full description of each episode selected and any caveats on the
use of the episode in future urban scale analyses.
ROM Simulations
During the task of selecting episodes, air quality and meteorological data sets for candidate episodes
will be processed by ASRL (and/or by a contractor under the supervision of ASRL) to develop the inputs
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and preprocessor files necessary for exercising ROM. As previously indicated, the emissions invento-
ries for the base, projection, and strategy scenarios will be provided to ASRL by AEERL and/or the
appropriate contractor responsible for formulating these inventories.
Once input data sets become available, ASRL with contractor assistance will perform the ROM simu-
lations beginning with the base year inventories and progressing to the projection and strategy scenar-
ios. ASRL will advise the Modeling Committee Chairman of the status of the modeling on a frequent
basis (e.g., weekly) so that the Technical Coordinator can ensure the integrity of project schedules and
the Program Director can inform the Management Review Committee of any delays.
To the extent possible, strategies will be simulated serially. It will be the responsibility of the three tech-
nical Committees to review the results for each strategy. Based upon this review, it may be appropriate
to reevaluate the proposed application of a specific strategy and/or design additional strategies.
ROM Evaluation
The primary evaluation of the ROM by ASRL is in progress. This effort is scheduled to be completed by
mid-1988. Thus, the results will be available before initiation of the modeling phase of ROMNET. How-
ever, it is good modeling practice to perform a limited evaluation of the model's predictions for the spe-
cific episodes to be used in ROMNET. The purpose of this limited evaluation is to determine if conditions
exist that affect the applicability of the model to the specific circumstances under investigation. In this
regard, the Modeling Committee will select specific 1985 ROMNET episodes to be analyzed for com-
parison of observed and predicted ozone concentrations. The comparisons will be performed by ASRL,
using procedures approved by the Modeling Committee. A report on this task will be submitted to this
Committee for review and concurrence.
Regional-Urban Model Compatibility
The purpose of this activity is to design procedures which will permit the output of ROM to interface
properly with input specifications of UAM and EKMA. This activity is a major part of ROMNET and will be
conducted by ASRL with oversight by the Modeling Committee. Depending upon available resources
and existing technical capability, the assistance of a contractor may be solicited to assist in various tasks
associated with development of the guidance. This includes consideration of possible differences in
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chemical mechanisms as well as the physical structure of the models. For example, ROM contains 3
prognostic layers in the vertical, the depth of which vary in time and space depending upon various
meteorological conditions. The horizontal grid spacing is fixed at 1/6° latitude by 1/4° longitude (ap-
proximately 18.5 x 18.5 km). In contrast, DAM, as typically configured, includes a mixed layer containing
multiple levels, a layer aloft above the mixing height, and a reservoir of pollutants across the top
boundary. Also, UAM grids are specified on a fixed rectangular coordinate system usually within the
range of 1-10 km for individual applications. EKMA is a moving box with lateral dimensions determined
by the size of the urban area and a vertical depth set equal to the mixing height at each time step. Like
UAM, EKMA has the provision for a reservoir of pollutants aloft which are entrained into the box as the
mixing height rises. However, transport in UAM is considered by the flux of pollutants into the lateral
boundaries as well as from the top, whereas transport in EKMA occurs only through the top of the box.
These differences must be addressed by the Modeling Committee in considering regional/urban scale
compatibility.
As part of ROMNET, algorithms will be developed and a users guide prepared which will allow State
agencies to derive boundary conditions for ozone and precursors from the predictions made by ROM.
The Modeling Committee will prepare the guidance document describing how States should apply
these procedures.
Interpretation of ROM Predictions
The ozone and precursor concentrations which result from the ROM simulations will be analyzed by the
Modeling and Strategy Committees. This analysis will consist of two parts. The first is an examination of
the model predictions to describe the impact of the simulated strategies on ozone and precursor con-
centrations transported into the Northeast Corridor and between urban areas along the Corridor. The
intent is to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies relative to the level of the NAAQS and also to
support the development of guidance on preparing boundary conditions necessary for urban scale
modeling. The second part of the analysis will consider consequences of implementing difference
components of the various strategies. This might include examination and description of items such as:
1. the effects of regional control measures placed outside of urban areas versus those predomi-
nantly within urban areas;
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2. the availability of control technologies to meet the reductions specified in the strategies;
3. the time to implement these controls; and
4. the need for a regional planning/implementation structure or organization to address the imple-
mentation issues.
This analysis will be oriented toward preparing findings which would be useful in subsequent ozone
policy planning regarding regional strategies.
A.4.4 Program Outputs
It is important to define clearly the anticipated outputs at the start of any program and this is particularly
crucial for large multiyear, multiparticipant efforts like ROMNET. In this regard, the following are the
major ROMNET outputs:
1. A technical work plan which describes the proposed activities of the Committees including a
schedule of milestones and dates for making key program decisions;
2. Emissions inventory reports documenting (a) the development of inventories for CO and for
biogenic emissions, (b) the development and application of emissions growth factors in gener-
ating the projection year inventory, (c) the translation of specific strategies into emissions sce-
narios, and (d) the results of quality assurance procedures applied to the various emissions data
sets;
3. Reports documenting the strategies selected for simulation;
4. Reports documenting the meteorological episodes selected for simulation;
5. Reports documenting findings of the analysis and interpretation of ROM predictions relative to a)
the impacts of the strategies on pollutant concentrations, and b) the consequences of imple-
menting the simulated strategies;
6. Hourly concentrations of ozone, NO/N02 and VOC species for horizontal grid and vertical cells
in ROM within the modeling domain shown in Figure 1. Sets of these data will be available by
episode for each emissions scenario simulated (i.e., base year, projection year, and strategy
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scenarios). The data in each set will be in a machine-readable format (i.e., on tape, not in hard
copy listings or reports) prepared by ASRL according to specifications developed by the Mod-
eling Committee in consideration of the needs and ADP capabilities of the States; and
7. A guidance document designed for use by State agencies (or their contractors) which will
describe how to translate the ROM predictions provided in output #6 into boundary conditions
for UAM or EKMA analyses to be performed by the States.
The contents of the technical reports listed above should include discussions of the following: assump-
tions, limitations to the interpretation of findings, references to ongoing SIP related activities, and EPA
modeling/emissions inventory programs.
A.5 SPECIAL PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS
ROMNET is a complex technical program using the most sophisticated analytical tools available to
assess ozone and precursors on a regional basis. The scope of ROMNET is narrowly defined in an effort
to:
1. establish a manageable program;
2. maintain a clearly defined technical focus; and
3. produce results as expeditiously as possible.
ROMNET will provide information on the relative impact of various regional strategies on ozone concen-
trations in the Northeast. Although urban scale modeling is outside the scope of ROMNET, urban strat-
egies will be considered in the ROM grids corresponding to MSA's/CMSA's subject to SIP controls
prescribed for urban areas. As previously indicated, the greatest utility of ROM is to define the
magnitude of ozone and precursor transport on a regional scale. The relatively large grid size in ROM
limits the ability of the model to predict peak concentrations in urban plumes where most exceedences
are typically measured. In this sense, ROM is not designed to predict the level and spatial mix of HC and
NOX controls that will result in attainment in specific grids or at individual monitoring sites. Thus, ROM is
not appropriate for use, as are urban scale models such as EKMA or UAM, to define the percent control
necessary for attainment.
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There will, as part of the overall ozone attainment program, be a substantial number of political decisions
on equitable applications of controls and the significance of impacts. ROMNET is designed such that
the program's findings can be incorporated with the urban scale analyses to be performed by States to
provide valuable input to such decisions. However, it is beyond the scope of ROMNET to decide the
best combination of cost, affected population, and lifestyle impacts.
A.6 PROGRAM SCHEDULE AND RESOURCES
The completion of the ROMNET activities is anticipated to take 3 years to accomplish. However, the
program will be conducted as expeditiously as possible in order to provide results to States at the earli-
est date. The basic program functions and overall timetable are presented in Figure A-3. As noted in the
previous sections, there are many intermediate products, reports, and decisions which will be an
integral part of the program. These products and results are crucial to the usefulness of the data for
future urban scale photochemical analyses. Each committee will be responsible for refining the critical
milestones and major intermediate products early in the process identified in Figure A-3. To accomplish
this will require that each committee be established and specific individuals from participating agencies
be identified by January 1, 1988. Each of the three technical committees (Strategy, Modeling, and
Emissions), will meet early in 1988.
The first meeting of each committee will focus not only on the organization of the committee, but identi-
fication of milestones, major intermediate products, and responsibilities of committee members. Each
committee will be required to submit to the Technical Coordinator a report detailing the above in early
1988. The Technical Coordinator will present a set of coordinated schedules to the Management
Review Committee shortly after these schedules are prepared and reviewed. In order to inform potential
participants of the program's objectives and solicit input on the basic protocol, a meeting of the Man-
agement Review Committee will be held at the earliest opportunity.
It is important to note that several activities must be initiated during the first and second quarters of fiscal
1988 in order to complete the program on schedule. It will be the responsibility of the chairman of each
committee in consultation with the Technical Coordinator to take charge of these activities. In some
cases action will be required even prior to the first meeting of the appropriate committee to ensure that
proper tasks are initiated. It will be the responsibility of the committee chairman to report to the appro-
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priate technical committee on the progress of these activities at the first committee meeting. The Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency is committing a significant amount of resources to the accomplishment of
ROMNET. In addition to 3.0 FTE each year of the program and $250K in extramural funding provided by
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, the Office of Research and Development is committing
1.5 FTE and $250K in extramural funding for each year in support of the program. The Agency is also
allocating ADP resources and Regional Office personnel (2.5 FTE) to the successful accomplishment of
ROMNET. As discussed previously there are a number of significant tasks for which the Agency is
assuming final responsibility. The Agency resources will be allocated to: (1) developing emission
inventories for input to ROM; (2) processing meteorological and air quality data; (3) ROM simulations; (4)
ROM evaluation; (5) analyses of results; and (6) overall program management and coordination.
The resources allocated to the management and review of the program will be directed to chairing each
of the technical committees, the function of the Technical Coordinator, and the Program Director. Each
of these positions will be staffed by members of OAQPS. Extramural resources provided by OAQPS will
primarily be used for (1) development of techniques for projecting inventories, (2) development of tech-
niques and guidance on future use of the ROMNET results, and (3) data manipulation for input to the
ROM. This will occur in the tasks associated with projection and strategy inventory development and
review and analysis of meteorological data for selection of episodes. The resources allocated by ORD
will be directed toward data reduction and model simulations including both ORD personnel and con-
tractor assistance.
As noted in Section A.2, participation by the States encompassed by the study boundaries is critical to
the ultimate utility of the ROMNET results. The States involved are being requested to provide input to
the three technical committees by attending meetings, reviewing reports and contractor results. States
will also be requested to participate in the Management Review Committee, providing comment on the
program direction, selection of control strategies, and general program overview. States will also inter-
act with the various contractor efforts as questions arise regarding various tasks. Such tasks might
include: (1) procedures and basis used in developing emissions data for the 1985 NAPAP inventory; (2)
the use of projection techniques to apply growth to the base inventory; and (3) the extent to which cer-
tain controls may have been partially or fully implemented within the State in an effort to develop strategy
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inventories. As the individual States will be most familiar with the base inventory, close cooperation
between the States and the contractor will be essential. In addition, States will be heavily involved in
episode and strategy selection and in the interpretation of model results.
Participation by the States in ROMNET is a natural part of the SIP planning and development process in
the post 1987 nonattainment era. As a result, the Agency anticipates that the effort, both allocation of
people and travel funds as appropriate, will come from the resources within the current State program
designated to ozone implementation plan development. The Agency intends for FY-89 and FY-90 to
specifically identify, through the grant and program negotiation process, participation in ROMNET as
part of the ozone SIP development activities. However, States will need to participate in ROMNET during
FY-88, even though such participation may not be currently identified within the State program, in order
to ensure successful accomplishment of the ROMNET objectives.
A.7 SUMMARY
The organization of the ROMNET program is designed to allow for decisions to be made at the level of
highest competency, i.e., technical decisions are made by technical experts while allowing significant
program issues to be raised to higher levels of program management whenever necessary. In order to
provide a focal point for policy and technical direction, the position of Program Director has been
established.
The scppe of the program is clearly defined and the limits established. By following through the indi-
vidual tasks set forth in this protocol, and the subtasks to be identified by the various Committees, the
program should generate sufficient information for future urban scale analyses to account properly for
transport of ozone and precursors into the urban area. Moreover, results will be available for subse-
quent use in ozone policy planning by EPA, States and other organizations. By including affected par-
ties in potential source areas as well as impact areas, this program will ensure the utility of the results to
the States in the Northeast.
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Figure A-1. The ROMNET Region
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MANAGEMENT REVIEW COMMITTEE
ADVISORY
COUNCIL
PROGRAM DIRECTOR
TECHNICAL COORDINATOR
EMISSIONS
COMMITTEE
STRATEGY
COMMITTEE
MODELING
COMMITTEE
Figure A-2. ROMNET Management Structure.
1987
month 0 N D
1988
JFMAMJJASOND
1989 1990
JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
MODELING
Base case runs
Obs. vs. pred.
Projection runs
STRATEGIES
EMISSIONS
CO E/I
Projection year
Projection E/I
Strategy E/I
b/I UA |
I
|
I - I
I I
i
1
I — I
i. i
1 1
...
-
1 —
1 — 1
1 — 1
1
1
i
1
I -.1
1 1
i
1
rev i s i ons/updates
i
1
; 1
1
.1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Note: E/I = emissions inventory; QA = quality assurance.
Figure A-3. ROMNET Program Milestones.
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APPENDIX B
ROMNET COMMITTEE MEMBERS
AND
CONTRACTOR TEAMS
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ROMNET MANAGEMENT REVIEW COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND THEIR AFFILIATION
D. Tyler, Chairman EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
E. Meyer, Project Manager EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
F. Schiermeier EPA Atmospheric Research & Exposure Assessment Laboratory
J. Beale EPA Office of Policy Analysis & Review
K. Kaufman EPA Office of Policy Analysis & Review
J. Chamberlin EPA Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation
L Gitto EPA Region I
C. Simon EPA Region II
T. Maslany EPA Region III
T. Hansen EPA Region IV
S. Rothblatt EPA Region V
C. Pavetto Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
J. Nwude Washington Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs
B. French Delaware Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Control
K. Mines Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection
S. Simon Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Control
R. Severance Maine Department of Environmental Protection
G. Ferreiri Maryland Office of Environmental Programs
R. Miller Michigan Department of Natural Resources
D. Lunderville New Hampshire Air Resources Agency
J. Elston New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
T. Allen New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
G. Triplett Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
R. Ostrowski Pennsylvania Department of Public Health
J. Snydor Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board
P. Wishinski Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
C. Beard West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
B-3
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ROMNET ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS AND THEIR AFFILIATION
S. Perkins EPA Region I
D.Arnold EPA Region III
G. Ferreri Maryland Office of Environmental Programs
S. Rao New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
P. Wishinski Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
M. Bradley/N. Seidman Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
ROMNET MODELING COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND THEIR AFFILIATION
D. Doll, Chairman EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
T. Pierce EPA Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
K. Schere EPA Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
R. Burkhart EPA Region I
D. DiMarcello EPA Region II
L Budney EPA Region III
E. Doty EPA Region V
D. Wackter Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
J. Nwude Washington Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs
J. Cugnini Delaware Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Control
S. Dennis Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Control
N. Gordon Maine Department of Environmental Protection
T. Ellsworth Maryland Office of Environmental Programs
J. Lax Michigan Department of Natural Resources
S. Huber New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
G. Sistla New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
H. Judson Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
T. Weir Pennsylvania Department of Public Health
K. Chaudhari Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board
P. Wishinski Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
D. Farley West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
B-4
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ROMNET EMISSIONS COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND THEIR AFFILIATION
K. Baugues, Chairman EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
T. Ripberger EPA Atmospheric Research & Exposure Assessment Laboratory
J. Novak EPA Atmospheric Research & Exposure Assessment Laboratory
L Platte Michigan Office of Mobile Sources
J. Beale EPA Office of Policy Analysis & Review
B. Judge EPA Region I
M. McCarthy EPA Region II
R. Taggart EPA Region III
S. Edwards Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
R. Freeto Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
B. Menz Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
D. Wambsgans Washington Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs
J. Short Delaware Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Control
R. Boisselle Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Control
G. Bernier Maine Department of Environmental Protection
M. Joquero Maryland Office of Environmental Programs
B. Irvine Michigan Department of Natural Resources
S. De Meis New Hampshire Air Resources Agency
G. Cooper New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
R. Twaddell New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
H. Judson Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
W. Havens Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
N. Glazer Pennsylvania Department of Public Health
E. Valis Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management
P. Wishinski Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
K. Chaudhari Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board
D. Farley West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
B-5
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ROMNET STRATEGY COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND THEIR AFFILIATION
N. Possiel, Chairman EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
B. Nicholson EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
T. Pierce EPA Atmospheric Research & Exposure Assessment Laboratory
R. Vogel EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
J. Beale EPA Office of Policy Analysis & Review
K. Kaufman EPA Office of Policy Analysis & Review
J. Chamberlin EPA Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation
C. Green EPA Region I
P. Truchan EPA Region II
C. Stahl EPA Region III
B. Rubino Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
D. Wambsgans Washington Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs
L Carlson Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Control
D. Dixon Maine Department of Environmental Protection
M. Joquero Maryland Office of Environmental Programs
J. Held New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
T. Davis New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
W. Havens Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
D. Van Orden Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
R. Ostrowski Pennsylvania Department of Public Health
E. Valis Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management
P. Wishinski Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
R. Mann Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board
D. Farley West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
B-6
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ROMNET CONTRACTOR TEAMS
ALLIANCE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
W. Battye
J. Langstaff
M. Smith
T. Young
COMPUTER SCIENCES CORPORATION
L Adams
L Bender
C. Coats
T. Dessent
J. Eichinger
S.Fudge
S. Gerry
P. Gibbs
B. Goodrich
S. Hallyburton
S. Jambunathan
D. Jordan
L Milich
C. Maxwell
A. Murthy
D. Olerud
W. Schwede
R-T. Tang
A. Van Meter
R. Wayland
J. Young
B-7
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APPENDIX C
FUNCTIONS OF THE
ROM2.1 PROCESSORS
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TABLE C-1. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ROM2.1 INPUT PROCESSORS
Stage Meteorology processor functions
1 Prepares surface meteorology data (e.g., mixing ratio, virtual temperature, and wind speed) for
use in higher-stage processors; processor P03G
1 Interpolates between rawinsonde observations to produce hourly upper-air profiles at 25-mb
resolution; processor P16G
1 Computes hourly gridded values of fractional sky coverage at the terrain surface for all cloud
types combined; processor P19G
2 Interpolates profiles of upper-air meteorological parameters at intervals of 50 m from hourly
rawinsonde vertical profiles; processor P01G
2 Computes gridded surface roughness, and hourly gridded Monin-Obukhov length, surface
heat flux, friction velocity, surface temperature, surface relative humidity, and surface wind
speed; processor P04G
2 Uses surface observations to compute hourly gridded values for the fraction of sky covered by
cumulus clouds, and also calculates cumulus cloud-top heights; processor P05G
3 Computes hourly gridded wind fields in the cold layer, hourly gridded terrain penetration frac-
tions, hourly gridded cold layer growth rates, and hourly gridded thicknesses for layer 1;
processor P07G
4 Computes hourly gridded cell thicknesses for layers 2 and 3, and various parameters used to
specify volume fluxes between these two layers; processor P08G
5 Computes hourly gridded atmospheric density, temperature, cloud cover, solar zenith angle,
and water vapor concentration; processor P09G
5 Computes hourly gridded horizontal winds for each layer, using rawinsonde vertical profiles
and surface-station wind observations; processor P11G
5 Calculates hourly gridded horizontal eddy diffusivities for layers 1, 2, and 3, and also produces
parameter fields needed to compute interracial volume fluxes across layer boundaries; pro-
cessor P32G
6 Computes hourly gridded volume fluxes through all model layer boundaries, and cumulus
cloud vertical flux parameters; processor P12G
6 Computes hourly gridded effective deposition velocities for a set of representative species;
processor P15G
6 Computes hourly gridded 30-min backtrack (advection) cell locations and horizontal diffusivi-
ties for each layer simulated by the core model; processor P29G
7 Reads the backtrack and diffusivity hourly gridded MF files and computes the BTRK file
parameters for each advection time step simulated by the core model; processor P38G
7 Reads all meteorology hourly gridded MF files except the backtrack and diffusivity files read by
P38G and computes the intermediate meteorology (IMET) file parameters for each advection
time step simulated by the core model; processor P39G
8 Reads the intermediate meteorology (IMET) file and the emissions sources hourly gridded MF
files and computes the BMAT parameters for each advection time step simulated by the core
model; processor P40G
(continued)
C-3
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TABLE C-1 (CONTINUED)
Stage Emissions processor functions
0 Computes the total length of all line emissions sources (highways and railroads) within each
grid cell; processor P13G
0 Allocates annual point-source emissions data between a weekday-emissions file, a Saturday-
emissions file, and a Sunday-emissions file; processor P31G
0 Converts all point-, area-, and mobile-source data files from GMT to LST; processor P34G
0 Applies NOX and VOC emission controls at the county level for area- and mobile-source emis-
sions data; processor P36G
0 Applies NOX and VOC emission controls to point-source emissions data, at a state, county,
point, or individual-boiler level; processor P41G
1 Computes hourly gridded mobile-source VOC, NOX, and CO emissions parameters, adjusted
for daily average temperature; processor P26G
2 Prepares files containing hourly emissions values and stack descriptions for all major point
sources, and combined hourly gridded emissions values for minor point sources, area
sources, and mobile sources; processor P14G
6 Prepares hourly gridded biogenic emission rates for isoprene, paraffin, olefin, high molecular
weight aldehydes (RCHO, R > H), nonreactive hydrocarbons, NO, and NOa; processor
P27G
6 Generates hourly gridded locations and strengths of constant-source emitters for a tracer
emissions species; processor P33G
7 Computes hourly gridded emissions source functions in layers 1 and 2 for combined anthro-
pogenic and biogenic sources; processor P1OG
(continued)
C-4
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TABLE C-1 (CONCLUDED)
Stage Initial/boundary conditions processor functions
0 Computes daytime and nighttime tropospheric background (clean-air) concentrations in each
layer for each chemical species; processor P21G
1 Writes to the file ICON the gridded initial-condition concentrations for each layer and species
simulated by the core model, using P21 G's clean-air concentrations as initial-condition con-
centrations; processor P02G
1 Computes hourly gridded upper-boundary-condition concentrations (C-infinity) for a set of
representative species; processor P23G
1 Equilibrates background concentrations of all modeled chemical species with averaged
observed ozone concentrations on the north, south, east, and west boundaries, for both
daytime and nighttime conditions in each layer; processor P24G
2 Computes and writes to the file BCON the gridded boundary-condition concentrations for each
species, layer, and advection time step simulated by the core model, for the north, south,
east, and west boundaries; processor P22G
Stage Land use processor function
0 Computes the fraction of each grid cell in each land use category recognized by the model;
processor P25G
Stage Terrain and elevation processor functions
0 Computes the smoothed terrain elevation for each 10' latitude by 15' longitude ROM domain
grid cell, and also for a larger domain that extends three grid cells beyond the ROM domain.
In addition, it computes average terrain elevations in a finer-resolution domain (cells 5' lati-
tude by 5 ' longitude) for the terrain penetration calculation. Finally, it computes the north-
south and east-west components of the terrain elevation gradient (slope); processor P06G
5 Computes hourly gridded elevations (above MSL) for the tops of layers 1, 2, and 3, and local
time derivatives of these elevations; processor P17G
C-5
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APPENDIX D
EPISODE METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
AND OBSERVED OZONE CONCENTRATIONS
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D.1 INTRODUCTION
This Appendix contains a description of the synoptic-scale meteorological conditions over the Eastern
US during the four episodes selected for ROM simulations: June 1983; July 1985; August 1985; and July
1988. For each episode, information is provided on the position and movement of upper-level (500 mb)
and surface weather systems, as well as observed cloud cover, precipitation, surface wind flow, and
surface air temperature. Back trajectories, created from ROM layer 1 wind fields, are included for
selected high-ozone days to illustrate low-level flow patterns along the Northeast Corridor. Also
included is a discussion of the ambient ozone levels across the region and figures showing episode
maximum concentrations. Ambient ozone concentrations used as ROM boundary-conditions are pro-
vided in Table D-1 for each episode. Daily meteorological observation summaries and synoptic-scale
trajectories are provided in Appendices E and F respectively.
D.2 June 8-20,1983
On the 7th, a weak trough at 500 mb was over eastern North America. This trough slowly retrogressed
on the 8th and 9th, then rapidly progressed starting on the 10th. By 7 am. on the 11th, the upper-air
trough was replaced by a ridge of high pressure that remained stationary, strengthened, and pushed
northward until the 15th. The ridge progressed rapidly late on the 15th, and was replaced by a trough
reaching south to the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico by 7 am. on the 18th. The synoptic situation was
dynamically unstable, however, and by the 20th there were several cut-off lows and highs across the
southern US and northern Mexico. Farther north on the 20th, another cut-off low was forming over the
western part of the ROMNET domain. Winds at 500 mb were generally westerly, rarely exceeded 30 kt in
the ridge, and from the 12th to 14th were light and variable over most of the domain. However, the
exception to this generality was the extreme northeast part of the domain, where jet stream winds
exceeding 40 kt were commonplace during the episode.
The surface weather was dominated by the high pressure that followed the passage of a cold front
through the domain on the 7th. Early on the 8th, the high was centered over the Michigan peninsula,
while post-frontal rain showers were falling on the coast from southern Delaware to central North Car-
olina. The high pressure progressed and was centered over western Connecticut on the 9th. Domain
winds on the 8th and 9th were mostly light and variable under generally clear skies. High pressure built
across the eastern US starting on the 9th, dominating the domain until late on the 16th. Except for
isolated thunderstorms, no rain fell across the domain during this period. Moderate surface winds (~ 10
D-3
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mph) winds in the Corridor ranged from northeasterly to southerly on the 9th and 10th. Light and vari-
able winds occurred through the 16th in the Corridor; the highest recorded wind was southwesterly at
14 mph at Bridgeport, CT, on the afternoon of the 12th. Winds in the remainder of the domain were
generally light and variable. Skies were mostly clear throughout the entire domain until early on the
16th; clouds, if present, consisted of thin, high cirrus.
A very slow-moving front first entered the far west of the domain early on the 16th, remnants of which
persisted until the end of the episode on the 20th. A band of light to moderate rain, oriented
southwest-northeast, slowly progressed through the domain starting on the 16th. The front generating
this rain became oriented in an east-west axis along the southern Pennsylvanian border by 7 a.m. on the
19th, and moved slowly southward. However, no rain fell in the Corridor until the 18th, after which date
rain persisted in the Corridor until the end of the episode. The southern portion of the Corridor had the
heaviest rainfall. Washington, DC reported a little over 3" of rain over 72 hours ending at 7 a.m. on the
21 st, while Richmond, VA, reported almost 3"of rain in the 24 hours ending at that same time. Skies over
much of the domain from the 17th to the end of the episode were frequently overcast. Winds in the
domain, including the Corridor, were light and variable during this period. La Guardia, NY, reported the
Corridor's highest wind speed from the 16th - 20th: southeasterly at 14 mph Corridor winds became
northerly to northeasterly at 10 mph or less behind the front early on the 20th.
The time-series of Northeast Corridor daily maximum and minimum temperatures for June 7 - 21,1983,
is shown in Figure D-1. Horizontal lines are the monthly average maximum (upper) and minimum (lower)
temperatures, averaged over 1941 -1970. Daily extreme temperatures were averaged for the southern
and northern portions of the Corridor (Richmond, Washington, and Baltimore for the south;1 Philadel-
phia, New York, and Hartford, CT, for the north), then averaged for the entire Corridor. The figure shows
that the averaged extreme temperatures were above the climatological mean temperatures from the
11 th until the 19th, one day prior to end of the episode.
Widespread exceedances of ozone occurred across the domain on June 9-12 and June 14. Excee-
dances of ozone were observed along the Corridor on June 9-19. Peak hourly concentrations are listed
below.
1. Richmond, VA, although outside of the Corridor, was chosen to represent inland temperatures at the southern boundary of the
Corridor.
D-4
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June 9 274 ppb in northeastern New Jersey
June 10 142 ppb near Washington, DC
June 11 152 ppb near Washington, DC
June 12 144 ppb near Baltimore
June 13 161 ppb near Stamford, CT
June 14 210 ppb in central New Jersey
June 15 268 ppb near Stamford
June 16 * 274 ppb in northeastern New Jersey
June 17 169 ppb near Philadelphia
June 16 169 ppb in northeastern New Jersey
June 19 153 ppb near Stamford
Ozone concentrations outside of the Northeast Corridor were in the 60 - 80 ppb range in many rural
areas. Peak episode concentrations exceeded 125 ppb in many urban and near-urban areas. The
maximum value occurred on the 11th, when a peak hourly concentration of 169 ppb was reported near
Detroit. Episode maximum concentrations are shown in Figure D-10. Figure D-2 shows 72-hour back
trajectories near the surface for the 9th, 14th, 15th, and the 16th, when ozone within the Corridor
exceeded 200 ppb for at least one point.2 The trajectories are plotted from 1500 LST, since ozone
maxima typically occur around mid-afternoon. Note that all days show evidence of recirculating flow.
D.3 July 7-22,1985
Two distinct synoptic surface patterns characterized this period, occurring on July 7-15 and July 16-22.
From the 7th to the 12th, the upper-air synoptic pattern at 500 mb consisted of a strong ridge over the
western US and a deep trough over the eastern half of the country. On the 12th, the planetary-scale
upper-air flow began to change, with the ridge collapsing and the trough filling. This situation was
short-lived, however, for by the 14th an upper-air trough had reestablished over the central US. Conse-
quently, frontal systems travelling with the jet stream obtained energy from the upper-air troughs over
the eastern half of the US, resulting in the prevalence of surface troughs and frontal boundaries in the
modeling domain from the 7th to the 15th. From the 8th to the 10th, a surface trough persisted along the
coast from southern New England to the Delmarva area and then westward to a front along the Ohio
Valley. The moderate daytime winds (~10 mph) during this period were generally south to south-
westerly. From the 11th to the 13th, an east-to-west frontal boundary was located along the Virgi-
nia/North Carolina border westward to the Ohio Valley. Weak high pressure was located over New York
2. The 9th shows only a 24-hour back trajectory.
D-5
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with a weak ridge extending from New England to Pennsylvania. Winds during this period were
generally light, and backed from a westerly flow on the 11th to a southeasterly flow on the 18th. On the
14th, a frontal boundary preceded by a squall line approached the Northeast Corridor from the west,
and set up a moderate (10-15 mph) southwesterly flow along the Corridor. Low to mid-level cloudiness
was widespread throughout the domain on the 10th. Scattered to broken high cirrus clouds prevailed
on the 9th and from the 11 th -14th. Rain was observed in the domain from the 8th -10th and the 12th -
15th. Some rain fell in parts of the Northeast Corridor these periods, ancj was heavy at times: 1.27" and
0.83" in Washington, DC, on the 8th and 12th, respectively; 0.77" in Hartford, CT, on the 14th; 1.07" in
Philadelphia, and 1.51"in New York on the 15th.
During the second portion of this episode (July 16-22), southwesterly flow and maximum temperatures
in the mid- to upper-80's predominated. Surface high pressure was able to build over the eastern half of
the US due to the filling of the upper-air trough located over the central US starting on the 16th. The jet
stream remained north of the ROMNET domain until the 21st, and thus frontal systems bypassed the
domain. On the 16th, a cold front was located along the east coast but moved offshore by the 17th. The
weak winds along the Northeast Corridor were southerly ahead of the front on the 16th. The high pres-
sure over the Great Lakes produced a southeasterly flow on the 17th. The high progressed southeast-
ward on the 18th and gradually weakened as it moved into Virginia and North Carolina on the 19th and
20th. Moderate daytime southwesterly flow was observed along the Corridor on the 19th and 20th. By
the 21st, a surface trough was located along the east coast while a cold front approached the domain
from the west. High temperatures around 90°F were observed along the east coast on the 21st, and
daytime winds were southwesterly at ~ 10 mph The cold front swept through the Northeast Corridor on
the 22nd. The entire domain remained generally cloud-free until the 21st. No days were entirely free of
rain during this period. However, both the spatial extent and amount of precipitation were less than the
first portion of the episode. The greatest rainfall from the 16th to the 22nd was 1.00" at Hartford on the
21 st. Only trace amounts or localized moderate convective rainfall fell during this latter period of the
episode.
The time-series of Northeast Corridor daily maximum and minimum temperatures for July 6 - 23,1985, is
shown in Figure D-3. Horizontal lines are the monthly average maximum (upper) and minimum (lower)
temperatures, averaged over 1941 -1970. Daily extreme temperatures were averaged for the southern
and northern portions of the Corridor as described previously. The figure shows two periods with
slightly above-normal average maximum temperatures: July 14-15, and July 19-21. Other days were
near to, or below, normal.
D-6
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Exceedances of ozone were observed along the Corridor on the 9th, 10th, 13th, 19th, and the 20th.
Peak hourly concentrations are listed below. Isolated exceedances were observed in the New York City
metropolitan area on the 10th and 21st and near Philadelphia on the 16th. The episode maximum con-
centrations for cities along the Corridor were; 137 ppb in Washington; 186 ppb in Baltimore; 189 ppb in
Philadelphia; 218 ppb in New York City; and 151 ppb along coastal Maine.
J uly 9 165 ppb in central New Jersey
J uty 10 167 ppb in southern Connecticut
July 13 218 ppb in New York City
Jury 19 163 ppb in northern New Jersey
July 20 152 ppb in southern Connecticut
Ozone concentrations outside of the Northeast Corridor were quite low during the episode. Highest
values in rural areas were mostly 80 -100 ppb, with concentrations near urban areas generally in the 110
- 115 ppb range. The maximum value occurred on the 13th, when Pittsburgh, PA, reported a peak
hourly concentration of 128 ppb. Episode maximum concentrations are shown in Figure D-10.
Figure D-4 shows 72-hour back trajectories near the surface for the 9th, 10th, 13th, 19th, and the 20th,
when ozone within the Corridor exceeded 150 ppb for at least one point. The trajectories are plotted
from 1500 LST, since ozone maxima typically occur around mid-afternoon. Note that all days show, at
minimum, a 24-hour history of southwesterly (along-Corridor) flow.
D.4 August 7 -16,1985
An upper-air trough was positioned over the Great Lakes on the 7th, and progressed eastward on the
8th. The trough was replaced by a ridge of high pressure by the 9th, which flattened by the 11th as an
upper-level low pressure system passed over it. August 9th and 10th are characterized by stagnant
conditions at 500 mb. A high pressure system at 500 mb characterizes the remainder of the episode,
with predominantly southwesterly flow. At the surface, the ROMNET region on the 7th was character-
ized by a high pressure system centered over the Gulf of Maine. A low pressure system was located
over Hudson Bay, supported by the trough aloft. A cold front from this system extended south through
Lake Michigan into Missouri. This front moved eastward into the domain on the 8th, preceded by rain,
locally heavy at times, along the entire Corridor. Richmond, in the 48 hours preceding 7 a.m. on the 9th,
received 5.07"of rain; Philadelphia received 1.7"of rain. Winds on the 7th and 8th were southeasterly to
southerly at speeds of 10 -15 mph on the 7th and 5-10 mph on the 8th; cloudy skies prevailed. The
front passed through the domain in the early hours of the 9th, leaving a high pressure system centered
D-7
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over Pennsylvania. Skies cleared throughout the day, and winds were light and variable. The high
pressure system moved south and was centered over eastern West Virginia on the 10th, with light
southeasterly flow under partly-cloudy skies. However, at 500 mb, a low pressure system had dropped
into the upper-air trough just to the west of the high-pressure ridge. On the surface, a low-pressure
system was centered over Lake Superior, trailing a cold front that extended to New Mexico. This front
entered the domain on the 11th, moving offshore by 7 a.m. on the 12th. Rainfall from this front was
restricted mostly to New England (Hartford received 1.73"). Winds during the 11th and 12th were
southerly at 6 - 8 mph ahead of the front, and west to northwest at 6 - 8 mph behind it, with clear skies
after frontal passage. High pressure moved southeastward from north of the Great Lakes on the 12th,
setting up a ridge along the east coast on the 13th. However, yet another low-pressure system was
centered over Lake Winnipeg on the 13th, supported by the upper-level trough over the western US, and
trailed a slow-moving cold front as far as New Mexico. Winds on the 13th were light and southerly under
mostly clear skies. On the 14th high pressure, centered over North Carolina, extended from the East
Coast into the southeastern U.S. Weak but relatively well-defined southwesterly flow developed along
the east coast. Skies were overcast in the north of the domain ahead of the approaching cold front, and
partly cloudy over the Corridor south to the Pennsylvania-Maryland border; clear skies dominated in
most of the remainder of the domain. The slow-moving cold front finally entered the domain in the early
hours of the 15th. Hurricane Danny made landfall at Lake Charles, LA, pumping warm, moist air into the
upper atmosphere over the eastern U.S. Light rain fell ahead of the cold front over the western portions
of the domain, but not over the Corridor. Moderate (8-11 mph) southwesterly or southerly winds
occurred throughout the Corridor under partly-cloudy skies. On the 16th, the remnants of Danny moved
northeastward, pushing warm, moist air up over the cold front, which was still passing through the
domain from southwestern OH to northeastern MA. Widespread moderate rainfall occurred over the
domain, but avoided the Corridor. Winds on the 16th were light and northwesterly behind the front.
The time-series of Northeast Corridor daily maximum and minimum temperatures for August 6-17,
1985, is shown in Figure D-5. Horizontal lines are the monthly average maximum (upper) and minimum
(lower) temperatures, averaged over 1941 - 1970. Daily extreme temperatures were averaged as
described earlier. The figure shows a three-day period of above-normal temperatures from the 14th to
the 16th. Otherwise, near-normal maximum and above normal minimum temperatures occurred.
Widespread exceedances of ozone were first observed on the 9th, extending from Wilmington, DE, to
New York City. Exceedances were observed from New York City to Washington, DC, on the 13th and
throughout the Corridor on the 14th and 15th. On other days, only scattered exceedances were
observed along the Corridor. On the 9th, peak concentrations ranged from 160 ppb in Wilmington to
D-8
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164 ppb in New York City. On the 13th, a peak concentration of 201 ppb was observed near New
Brunswick, NJ, with values greater than 150 ppb in Baltimore, Trenton, NJ, and New York City. Peak
concentrations on the 14th included 187 ppb in Baltimore, 184 ppb in New York City, and 169 ppb near
Portland, ME. On the 15th, peak values ranged from 188 ppb to 219 ppb in southern and central CT,
and concentrations along the Maine coast were above 150 ppb. Ozone concentrations outside of the
Northeast Corridor were generally less than 100 ppb; the highest concentration occurred on the 9th,
when Pittsburgh reported a peak hourly concentration of 129 ppb. Episode maximum concentrations
are shown in Figure D-10. Figure D-6 shows 72-hour back trajectories near the surface for the 9th, 13th,
14th, and the 15th, when ozone within the Corridor exceeded 150 ppb for at least one point. The tra-
jectories are plotted from 1500 LST, since ozone maxima typically occur around mid-afternoon. Note
that all days except the 13th show predominantly southwesterly (along-Corridor) flow. The 13th shows
evidence of recirculating air at the surface, leading to localized build-ups of ozone.
D.5 July 2-17,1988
A ridge of high pressure at 500 mb centered over the Great Lakes started to build on the 4th, strength-
ened on the 5th, and persisted until the 10th. A cut-off low off Cape Hatteras, NC, had formed by 7 a.m.
on the 8th. Winds at 500 mb were relatively light, not exceeding 35 mph over the ROMNET domain until
the 11th. The upper-air ridge collapsed by 7 a.m. on the 11th, and was replaced by a trough through the
13th. Another ridge formed over the southeastern US and began to make its presence felt by the 14th,
forcing upper-air lows far to the north. The ridge began to subside on the 17th.
At the surface, a high pressure system over the ROMNET domain started to form on the 2nd. The high
pressure system began to strengthen by early on the 3rd, and was centered off the Outer Banks of North
Carolina. This strengthening persisted through midnight of the 5th. By noon of the 5th, the high pres-
sure system was centered over the Shenandoah Valley, VA. Although the center of the high pressure
tended to migrate, this high-pressure situation continued until the evening of the 8th. A surface trough,
associated with the cut-off low at 500 mb, brought showers and light rain to New England on the 6th; to
coastal areas of the Corridor on the 7th; and to New England and central VA on the 9th. Surface winds
were light to moderate from the 2nd - 12th, ranging in direction from south to southeasterly on the 4th -
7th, becoming south to southwesterly on the 8th and 9th, and southwesterly from the 10th - 12th. Clear
skies dominated on the 2nd - 6th, but skies became partly cloudy, especially ahead of the surface
trough, by the 7th, remaining overcast or partly cloudy through the 12th. The 9th saw moderate rain
over the Corridor (1.5"outside of the Corridor at Richmond), decreasing northward. The western areas
of the domain experienced light rainfall on the 10th.
D-9
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On the 11th, with the collapse of the upper-air ridge, a surface trough swept through the domain, closely
followed by a cold front. By 7 a.m. on the 13th, the cold front was over the Atlantic, but a warm front
stretched across the domain from Baltimore through central Ohio. Winds were southwesterly ahead of
the front, and northwesterly behind it. Skies were clear on the 13th north of the warm front and overcast
to the front's south. A light rain fell across most of the domain, including the Corridor, on the 12th.
A low pressure system was centered over Hudson Bay on the 14th, and weakly influenced the domain's
surface weather that day. Winds over the entire domain were mostly southerly, with speeds during the
afternoon of 10 - 20 mph Skies were partly cloudy. Rainfall was limited to New England, New York state,
and Pennsylvania (0.6" at Hartford) and northern West Virginia. This low-pressure system was one of
several that were carried along by the jet stream during this period. These systems in succession
effected the weather over the domain through the end of the episode. With the exception of northerly
flow during the 15th after the passage of a cold front, winds were mostly from the southwest. Midlevel
clouds were observed over the northern half of the Corridor on the 16th and 17th; otherwise, skies were
partly cloudy across the domain. Light rain fell over the Canadian portion of the domain, and extended
south into Ohio, Pennsylvania, and east into New York on the 15th and 16th. Heavier rain fell over the
northern portions of the Corridor on the 16th and 17th, with Hartford receiving 1.3" on the 17th.
The time-series of Northeast Corridor daily maximum and minimum temperatures for July 3 -19,1988, is
shown in Figure D-7. Horizontal lines are the monthly average maximum (upper) and minimum (lower)
temperatures, averaged over 1941 -1970. Daily extreme temperatures were averaged as previously
described. The figure shows that the average temperatures were well above normal during much of the
episode. Average maximum temperatures were above 90° F on 10 of the 15 days. On the 16th, at least
ten stations within the domain reported maximum temperatures of 100°F or greater.
Observed ozone levels began to rise on the 5th, exceeding 120 ppb near several Corridor cities as well
as Cleveland and Detroit. Ozone continued to build over the next four days (6th - 9th), with concentra-
tions close to or above 200 ppb at times near Washington, DC, Philadelphia, and New York City. One
monitor in New York City reported 278 ppb on the 8th. Near Boston and along coastal New England,
ozone exceeded 120 ppb on three of these days, peaking at 184 ppb at Portsmouth, NH, on the 8th.
Exceedances also occurred across much of the western part of the domain, with peak values from 150
to 175 ppb. On the 10th and 11th, concentrations in most areas of the western domain dropped below
120 ppb, but concentrations above 200 ppb continued to be reported from Washington, DC to New York
City. Episode maximum concentrations are shown in Figure D-10. Figure D-8 shows 72-hour back tra-
jectories near the surface for the 6th - 11th, when ozone within the Corridor exceeded 200 ppb for at
least one point. The trajectories are plotted from 1500 LST, since ozone maxima typically occur around
D-10
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mid-afternoon. Note that all days except the 10th and 11th show predominantly southwesterly (along-
Corridor) or recirculating flow at the surface. The 10th shows southwesterly flow in the northern part of
the Corridor, and the 11th has more of a westerly component to the flow.
Observed ozone concentrations were low to moderate on the 12th, following the passage of the surface
trough and cold front, with most areas reporting well below 100 ppb. Concentrations increased to peak
values from 140 to 160 ppb near major Corridor cities by the 14th. Ozone concentrations again dropped
to low levels behind the cold front on the 15th, but started to rise as the winds changed to southwesterly
on the 16th; within the Corridor, ozone concentrations ranged between 170 and 180 ppb. In contrast to
the July 2 -11 period, concentrations in the western part of the domain remained generally lower than
100 ppb. Ozone declined to below 120 ppb over most of the domain on the 17th. Figure D-9 shows
72-hour back trajectories near the surface for the 13th, 14th, and 16th, when ozone measured by at least
one monitor within the Corridor exceeded 150 ppb. The trajectories are plotted from 1500 1ST, since
ozone maxima typically occur around mid-afternoon.
D-11
-------
110
NE CORRIDOR AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
DAILY MAXIMA AND MINIMA, JUNE 7-21, 1983
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
DATE
I AVERAGE + SOUTHERN AVERAGE oNORTHERN AVERAGE
Figure D-1. Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, June 7-21,1983.
D-12
-------
(a) 9th
MARKER KEY
• Richmond, VA
± Washington, DC
o Baltimore, MD
n Philadelphia, PA
• New York, NY
v Hartford, CT
• Boston, MA
Receptor marker
Figure D-2. Near-surface back trajectories for June 9, 14, 15, and 16, 1983. Markers are every 12
hours. (Page 1 of 3)
D-13
-------
(b) 14th
(c) 15th
Figure D-2 (page 2 of 3)
D-14
-------
(d) 16th
Figure D-2 (page 3 of 3)
D-15
-------
110
NE CORRIDOR AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
DAILY MAXIMA AND MINIMA, JULY 6 - 23, 1985
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Q
DATE
• AVERAGE + SOUTHERN AVERAGE «NORTHERN AVERAGE
Figure D-3. Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, July 6 - 23,1985.
D-16
-------
(b) 10th
Figure D-4. Near-surface back trajectories for July 9,10,13,19, and 20,1985, with marker key as in
Figure D-2 above. Markers are every 12 hours. (Page 1 of 3)
D-17
-------
(c) 13th
(d)19th
Figure D-4 (Page 2 of 3)
D-18
-------
(e) 20th
Figure D-4 (Page 3 of 3)
D-19
-------
NE CORRIDOR AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
DAILY MAXIMA AND MINIMA, AUGUST 6 - 17, 1985
110
H
50
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
DATE
• AVERAGE + SOUTHERN AVERAGE o NORTHERN AVERAGE
Figure D-5. Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, August 6-17, 1985.
D-20
-------
(b) 13th
Figure D-6. Near-surface back trajectories for August 9,13,14, and 15, 1985, with markers as in Fig-
ure D-2 above. Markers are every 12 hours. (Page 1 of 2)
D-21
-------
(c) 14th
(d)15th
Figure D-6 (Page 2 of 2)
D-22
-------
110
NE CORRIDOR AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
DAILY MAXIMA AND MINIMA, JULY 3 - 19, 1988
50
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
DATE
• AVERAGE + SOUTHERN AVERAGE o NORTHERN AVERAGE
Figure D-7. Averaged extreme temperatures in the Northeast Corridor, July 3 -19,1988.
D-23
-------
(a) 6th
Figure D-8. Near-surface back trajectories for July 6-11, 1988, with marker key as in Figure D-2
above. Markers are every 12 hours. (Page 1 of 3)
D-24
-------
(c)8th
(d)9th
Figure D-8 (Page 2 of 3)
D-25
-------
(e) 10th
(d)11th
Figure D-8 (Page 3 of 3)
D-26
-------
(a) 13th
(b) 14th
Figure D-9. Near-surface back trajectories for July 13,14, and 16,1988, with marker key as in Figure
D-2 above. Markers are every 12 hours. (Page 1 of 2)
D-27
-------
(c) 16th
Figure D-9 (Page 2 of 2)
D-28
-------
Episode Maximum 1-Hour Ozone Concentrations - 6/8/83 Through 6/20/83
Episode Maximum 1-Hour Ozone Concentrations - 7/7/85 Through 7/22/85
Figure D-10. Observed episode maximum ozone concentrations (ppb): June 11 -23,1983; July 7 - 22,
1985; August 7-16,1985; and July 2-17,1988. (Page 1 of 2)
D-29
-------
Episode Maximum 1-Hour Ozone Concentrations - 8/7/85 Through 8/18/85
Episode Maximum 1-Hour Ozone Concentrations - 7/2/88 Through 7/17/88
Figure D-10 (Page 2 of 2)
D-30
-------
TABLE D-1. SURFACE DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME OZONE CONCENTRATIONS (ppb) AT THE
BOUNDARIES OF THE ROMNET MODELING DOMAIN FOR THE 1983, 1985, AND
1988 EPISODES
Daytime (1 000 LSI)
Nighttime
Boundary!
Date
June 8
June 9
June 10
June 11
June 12
June 13
June 14
June 15
June 16
June 17
June 18
June 19
June 20
N
53
64
66
71
67
74
72
44
55
50
42
40
40
S
55
64
66
71
67
74
76
60
55
50
42
40
40
E
A.
53
64
66
71
67
74
72
44
55
50
42
40
40
W
JUNE 1983
53
66
71
76
76
74
72
44
55
57
47
43
54
N
33
45
39
37
36
38
37
28
30
29
31
27
(2200 1ST)
Boundary
S
33
45
39
37
36
38
37
28
30
29
31
27
E
33
45
39
37
36
38
37
28
30
29
31
27
W
33
45
39
37
36
38
37
28
30
29
31
27
N: northern boundary; S: southern boundary; E: eastern boundary; W: western boundary
(continued)
D-31
-------
TABLE D-1 (CONTINUED)
Daytime (1000 LSI)
Date
N
Boundary!
S E
W
Nighttime
N
(2200 LSI)
Boundary
S E
W
B. JULY 1985
July?
July8
July 9
July 10
July 1 1
July 12
July 13
July 14
July 15
July 16
July 17
July 18
July 19
July 20
July 21
July 22
47
56
56
51
47
72
55
57
51
46
58
74
76
59
57
47
49
56
61
64
58
72
59
59
62
51
61
79
79
72
68
63
47
56
56
51
47
72
55
57
51
46
58
74
76
59
57
47
47
61
56
51
47
75
55
57
51
46
58
74
76
59
57
47
39
43
36
33
27
34
40
34
27
38
34
39
43
37
35
39
43
36
33
27
34
40
34
27
38
34
39
43
37
35
39
43
36
33
27
34
40
34
27
38
34
39
43
37
35
39
43
36
33
27
34
40
34
27
38
34
39
43
37
35
N: northern boundary; S: southern boundary; E: eastern boundary; W: western boundary
(continued)
D-32
-------
TABLE D-1 (CONTINUED)
Daytime (1000 LSI)
Date
N
Boundary!
S E
W
Nighttime
N
(2200 1ST)
Boundary
S E
W
C. AUGUST 1985
August 7
August 8
August 9
August 1 0
August 1 1
August 12
August 13
August 14
August 1 5
August 1 6
34
38
42
50
50
52
55
53
34
37
34
38
42
50
56
68
65
65
50
43
34
38
42
50
50
52
55
53
34
37
43
51
61
55
50
52
55
53
34
37
22
31
39
27
31
36
34
34
28
22
31
39
27
31
36
34
34
28
22
31
39
27
31
36
34
34
28
22
31
39
27
31
36
34
34
28
N: northern boundary; S: southern boundary; E: eastern boundary; W: western boundary
(continued)
D-33
-------
TABLE D-1 (CONCLUDED)
Daytime (1000 LSI)
Date
N
Boundary!
S E
W
Nighttime
N
(2200 LSI)
Boundary
S E
W
D. JULY 1988
July 2
JulyS
July 4
Julys
July 6
July?
JulyS
July 9
July 10
July 1 1
July 12
July 13
July 14
July 15
July 16
July 17
54
64
53
53
72
93
95
97
78
49
30 -
44
51
66
68
59
57
64
53
53
72
93
95
97
78
54
30
53
51
71
78
66
54
64
53
53
72
93
95
97
78
49
30
44
51
66
68
59
54
68
76
80
86
93
97
98
81
49
45
44
55
66
68
59
41
43
46
42
43
51
50
49
42
34
37
38
36
45
39
41
43
46
42
43
51
50
49
42
34
37
38
36
45
39
41
43
46
42
43
51
50
49
42
34
37
38
36
45
39
41
43
46
42
43
51
50
49
42
34
37
38
36
45
39
N: northern boundary; S: southern boundary; E: eastern boundary; W: western boundary
D-34
-------
APPENDIX E
EPISODE METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARIES
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
CODES USED IN THE DATA SUMMARIES
PWM Portland, ME
BOS Boston, MA
ORH Worcester, MA
BDL Hartford, CT
BDR Bridgeport, CT
LGA La Guardia, NY
NEW Newark, NJ
ACY Atlantic City, NJ
PHL Philadelphia, PA
ABE Allentown, PA
CXY Harrisburg, PA
BWI Baltimore/Washington International, MD
DCA Washington National, DC
EKN Elkin, WV
IPT Williamsport, PA
DTW Detroit, Ml
BUF Buffalo, NY
SYR Syracuse, NY
CLE Cleveland, OH
PIT Pittsburgh, PA
RIG Richmond, VA
UL Unlimited, no clouds observed
E-3
-------
TABLE E-l. JUNE 9 - JUNE 20, 1983
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
09 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
170
120
170
27
137
40
50
63
90
93
110
73
57
327
107
180
177
93
173
90
137
10.3
11.9
5.4
5.8
13.4
15.0
9.2
15.7
11.9
10.3
8.1
13.4
8.1
3.4
7.7
10.7
7.7
9.2
13.1
7.7
8.4
177
123
150
203
127
87
57
73
93
150
120
90
67
220
167
230
177
150
200
183
130
18.8
19.6
4.2
6.6
14.6
11.5
9.9
15.7
10.3
8.1
9.2
9.2
7.7
5.0
11.1
15.0
10.4
10.4
9.9
7.7
12.2
0
3
0
0
0
0
13
10
13
0
10
3
17
17
0
47
0
0
0
17
0
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
7
43
15
23
27
30
50
27
10
0
10
27
57
70
0
10
7
0
0
3
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
42
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
61.0
61.0
59.0
61.0
59.0
61.0
72.0
65.0
66.0
60.0
61.0
65.0
68.0
61.0
53.0
62.0
62.0
60.0
65.0
59.0
66.0
62.0
65.0
68.0
72.0
64.0
68.0
80.0
66.0
76.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
76.0
74.0
68.0
79.0
76.0
75.0
79.0
77.0
68.0
E-4
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
10 JUNE 1983
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
107
80
80
153
170
47
153
50
177
57
83
147
60
200
103
243
233
163
247
247
77
8.8
11.9
5.0
3.8
12.7
13.5
6.9
8.8
6.2
5.8
8.1
6.2
1.9
4.6
8.4
5.0
13.9
6.2
6.2
9.2
7.3
97
77
173
210
117
50
123
93
170
187
73
197
110
337
160
270
250
200
253
253
103
10.7
9.9
3.1
4.7
13.1
11.9
7.7
12.7
4.7
6.6
6.9
5.4
3.8
6.2
6.9
5.3
18.5
10.3
8.8
5.7
9.6
90
93
40
40
23
0
50
30
17
0
0
0
0
0
7
47
0
27
0
13
250
200
250
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
200
UL
UL
UL
230
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
240
UL
UL
UL
UL
53
37
17
7
13
30
0
33
13
0
0
0
0
30
23
53
30
30
33
60
10
250
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
140
UL
UL
100
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
50
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
58.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
59.0
62.0
70.0
66.0
67.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
66.0
62.0
60.0
71.0
69.0
69.0
72.0
71.0
66.0
61.0
62.0
67.0
73.0
65.0
73.0
81.0
72.0
75.0
76.0
75.0
77.0
79.0
76.0
74.0
84.0
79.0
81.0
84.0
80.0
74.0
E-5
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
11 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
207
243
293
127
233
160
150
223
253
253
273
227
157
87
247
0
230
280
223
183
213
4.3
8.4
10.7
3.8
15.4
5.0
5.8
6.6
5.8
8.1
7.7
6.6
5.4
1.1
7.7
0.0
7.7
8.4
2.7
4.3
8.4
160
277
293
297
223
200
160
210
240
263
247
247
167
120
247
207
267
277
360
263
217
13.4
13.1
9.9
8.8
11.1
10.0
8.8
12.3
8.8
12.6
7.3
5.8
8.8
5.0
10.4
7.7
7.3
10.7
8.4
8.4
14.6
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
13
0
20
23
0
0
0
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
17
3
10
33
3
7
0
13
10
7
33
23
20
17
0
13
20
23
7
47
43
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
40
70.0
73.0
72.0
69.0
65.0
71.0
74.0
74.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
72.0
62.0
60.0
75.0
70.0
71.0
75.0
73.0
72.0
76.0
86.0
80.0
87.0
79.0
86.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
86.0
85.0
79.0
85.0
85.0
81.0
78.0
85.0
83.0
88.0
E-6
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%} (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
12 JUNE 1983
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
233
110
297
220
270
327
133
80
167
260
307
250
143
180
267
143
237
280
217
30
267
9.9
5.4
6.9
2.6
9.2
9.6
2.2
3.8
5.4
6.2
6.6
3.8
3.4
3.8
8.1
2.7
8.8
8.8
5.8
1.1
8.5
227
270
290
320
223
317
197
190
260
273
340
237
167
197
277
197
240
290
283
10
290
10.3
8.4
8.8
9.2
14.2
8.4
6.6
11.5
6.2
7.2
7.3
6.5
7.7
4.2
5.1
5.4
12.3
13.8
8.8
1.1
12.6
50
30
27
17
10
0
0
0
33
20
0
0
3
7
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
13
55
57
17
10
20
10
13
0
13
3
40
30
80
53
47
0
0
20
40
17
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
200
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
76.0
75.0
74.0
74.0
80.0
78.0
79.0
83.0
75.0
75.0
76.0
76.0
76.0
66.0
66.0
76.0
77.0
75.0
78.0
75.0
81.0
87.0
86.0
83.0
90.0
87.0
89.0
88.0
89.0
88.0
89.0
87.0
88.0
87.0
78.0
86.0
86.0
83.0
87.0
87.0
85.0
91.0
E-7
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
13 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PUM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
110
260
243
7
290
317
317
333
230
337
290
167
227
110
263
190
237
277
217
60
323
9.2
6.1
4.3
3.5
8.8
8.4
6.2
6.9
7.3
10.7
6.6
6.9
3.4
1.6
9.5
4.3
7.3
9.9
5.8
2.7
10.4
100
100
253
173
220
333
153
323
327
330
307
243
257
257
337
177
237
300
353
33
243
11.1
11.4
3.8
5.4
12.3
8.4
6.6
11.6
8.8
10.7
8.1
6.6
6.1
9.5
8.8
5.1
9.2
10.7
9.9
2.2
9.2
37
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
160
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
10
7
13
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
27
63
53
20
53
17
0
23
40
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
83.0
87.0
84.0
81.0
82.0
81.0
84.0
86.0
81.0
82.0
80.0
84.0
84.0
63.0
72.0
77.0
77.0
78.0
81.0
75.0
86.0
72.0
86.0
89.0
92.0
82.0
90.0
92.0
94.0
89.0
91.0
88.0
91.0
88.0
82.0
88.0
88.0
86.0
87.0
86.0
84.0
94.0
E-8
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
14 JUNE 1983
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
153
133
100
27
103
57
330
HO
117
113
307
73
147
197
270
167
140
287
223
87
83
6.9
7.3
2.2
3.1
14.2
13.1
5.4
8.1
5.4
4.3
6.6
6.9
2.6
4.3
8.8
4.7
5.8
5.8
4.6
2.2
8.8
167
97
147
250
80
123
150
150
77
150
210
127
70
247
113
140
150
310
240
97
133
9.5
12.3
3.8
6.9
9.9
12.7
7.3
8.8
3.9
7.7
4.6
7.7
5.4
4.6
6.6
12.3
5.4
8.4
8.8
5.0
11.0
27
0
23
17
37
17
0
0
0
10
20
0
0
7
0
0
0
27
0
7
20
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
33
0
13
33
30
13
47
0
13
17
23
7
30
87
0
10
13
27
53
77
10
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
15
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
65.0
69.0
72.0
76.0
71.0
76.0
85.0
84.0
81.0
80.0
79.0
83.0
84.0
64.0
69.0
78.0
80.0
77.0
81.0
74.0
85.0
70.0
72.0
86.0
89.0
73.0
87.0
92.0
87.0
91.0
90.0
89.0
91.0
92.0
80.0
87.0
87.0
88.0
90.0
86.0
84.0
90.0
E-9
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
15 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CUE
PIT
RIC
153
107
160
70
233
267
143
227
240
177
0
160
177
117
180
270
233
177
190
40
237
4.6
5.7
2.3
3.8
12.3
5.4
5.8
5.4
5.8
3.1
0.0
3.4
4.3
1.1
4.3
5.0
12.2
3.8
7.7
1.9
7.3
100
80
233
267
203
210
113
153
267
153
127
157
180
117
273
277
247
153
197
157
243
11.5
7.3
1.9
10.0
12.7
15.0
10.7
9.2
6.6
6.6
6.9
6.9
6.2
4.2
6.2
7.7
9.9
7.3
13.1
6.2
7.3
55
20
37
40
40
0
0
3
50
0
0
0
0
33
0
30
0
17
3
0
0
80
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
3
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
23
0
77
40
30
0
20
0
20
13
27
20
30
47
20
93
0
50
60
27
0
UL
UL
35
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
38
UL
45
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
35
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
35
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
68.0
85.0
83.0
80.0
76.0
86.0
82.0
86.0
77.0
79.0
75.0
79.0
80.0
60.0
68.0
76.0
81.0
77.0
79.0
74.0
83.0
79.0
84.0
87.0
92.0
88.0
91.0
90.0
90.0
89.0
90.0
87.0
88.0
90.0
81.0
87.0
77.0
89.0
88.0
88.0
85.0
93.0
E-10
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
16 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
97
73
83
183
80
47
160
183
230
277
247
210
160
203
250
230
253
213
243
263
100
6.1
9.2
5.7
4.6
12.7
16.5
4.7
3.9
6.2
6.6
5.8
3.4
5.1
4.2
4.3
5.8
9.5
4.6
5.4
6.2
7.7
103
97
123
220
83
53
133
157
237
253
157
190
173
110
187
210
247
240
350
253
140
7.7
10.3
5.0
6.2
11.9
12.6
6.5
10.3
5.1
8.1
5.0
8.1
7.3
6.1
8.1
8.8
11.5
8.1
9.9
6.6
11.5
100
100
100
60
50
0
7
7
27
0
23
10
7
13
0
0
0
0
77
7
0
4
5
1
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
95
UL
UL
4
6
5
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
95
UL
UL
7
6
5
30
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
100
70
77
43
3
17
23
30
33
33
27
20
87
23
10
7
30
47
40
37
13
6
20
65
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
12
6
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
45
40
UL
UL
10
6
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
57.0
63.0
61.0
75.0
68.0
76.0
82.0
86.0
79.0
81.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
63.0
70.0
75.0
78.0
78.0
74.0
74.0
86.0
64.0
66.0
76.0
80.0
73.0
84.0
91.0
90.0
90.0
91.0
87.0
89.0
90.0
76.0
86.0
85.0
85.0
86.0
82.0
84.0
88.0
E-ll
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
17 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
160
137
217
180
80
50
193
47
113
123
110
147
163
83
117
20
280
73
353
273
127
6.9
3.8
2.6
6.2
9.2
11.5
3.4
4.6
5.8
7.7
6.9
4.3
3.1
3.1
6.2
7.7
3.8
6.2
7.3
4.2
6.2
153
97
173
187
113
123
127
120
133
153
147
140
167
77
210
317
200
123
347
333
137
11.1
11.9
6.2
9.5
9.5
14.2
8.1
9.9
5.7
7.3
8.9
9.2
6.9
5.4
8.4
6.9
6.2
7.3
8.1
11.1
8.4
100
90
63
90
100
0
7
27
47
40
3
10
7
57
30
27
57
60
77
97
40
6
3
6
5
1
UL
UL
UL
9
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
5
UL
UL
70
120
110
UL
8
5
UL
10
4
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
220
70
120
110
UL
8
5
UL
5
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
35
UL
UL
200
120
80
UL
100
53
40
23
63
0
30
17
20
30
63
23
27
100
63
10
97
50
77
63
27
13
250
UL
UL
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
30
100
UL
45
50
120
200
UL
8
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
32
100
UL
50
250
200
UL
7
5
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
150
UL
250
200
UL
62.0
61.0
69.0
65.0
61.0
71.0
83.0
77.0
73.0
74.0
76.0
80.0
81.0
65.0
65.0
69.0
78.0
74.0
74.0
73.0
74.0
67.0
70.0
82.0
84.0
68.0
79.0
91.0
82.0
87.0
85.0
86.0
89.0
90.0
67.0
83.0
81.0
79.0
84.0
77.0
78.0
78.0
E-12
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
18 JUNE 1983
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BOL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
80
197
250
180
263
97
157
163
97
100
147
190
167
7
73
20
160
73
70
167
170
5.4
10.7
5.0
5.0
8.1
6.6
4.7
4.7
3.5
1.6
3.5
6.2
3.4
1.6
6.2
7.3
5.4
1.1
8.9
3.4
5.4
140
197
247
150
223
127
143
153
273
240
137
97
177
140
130
77
153
303
243
240
130
8.8
8.1
5.8
6.6
10.7
6.9
8.8
8.4
6.2
6.2
6.6
7.7
6.2
7.3
5.7
5.7
6.9
6.2
13.1
7.7
8.1
90
75
67
80
97
80
3
25
67
97
100
43
13
100
60
0
10
60
40
67
100
3
200
6
2
3
UL
5
80
40
UL
UL
75
9
UL
UL
30
120
UL
9
6
100
200
8
9
7
UL
UL
9
80
35
UL
UL
75
UL
UL
UL
70
UL
100
12
6
100
UL
UL
9
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
100
UL
UL
75
UL
UL
UL
70
UL
120
250
60
65
47
57
70
63
27
67
67
93
87
55
60
100
73
0
7
60
33
100
97
100
UL
UL
9
UL
UL
UL
250
45
40
120
90
30
UL
UL
30
UL
80
250
UL
100
UL
UL
100
250
UL
UL
200
45
40
UL
22
40
UL
UL
35
UL
80
250
100
UL
80
100
80
UL
250
UL
80
40
100
45
40
UL
UL
45
UL
70
250
63.0
73.0
75.0
67.0
66.0
69.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
74.0
69.0
79.0
80.0
62.0
65.0
70.0
72.0
71.0
74.0
69.0
70.0
72.0
84.0
82.0
83.0
74.0
82.0
90.0
85.0
82.0
76.0
80.0
86.0
88.0
74.0
77.0
80.0
82.0
81.0
79.0
77.0
82.0
E-13
-------
REGION
SFC AH WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
19 JUNE 1983
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PUM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
240
267
143
47
230
0
160
233
277
177
17
160
143
80
257
73
87
257
157
110
220
8.4
6.9
5.4
3.0
7.3
0.0
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.1
1.9
6.2
2.6
1.1
4.7
7.3
9.2
4.6
5.8
2.2
5.7
180
120
287
240
217
250
223
170
187
140
187
127
170
93
193
113
70
113
237
183
277
10.7
9.9
4.3
5.0
7.7
6.6
10.0
5.4
7.3
3.4
5.4
8.8
6.6
4.3
2.7
6.2
11.4
5.8
4.3
6.9
5.8
3
70
27
93
97
93
83
83
93
100
100
77
87
97
97
57
3
17
100
97
100
UL
100
UL
65
1
100
250
13
100
100
60
130
65
80
80
220
UL
UL
130
6
120
UL
100
UL
85
80
100
200
90
100
120
50
150
55
90
80
220
UL
UL
120
8
120
UL
100
UL
85
80
100
200
40
100
120
50
35
55
90
40
UL
UL
UL
35
10
120
13
35
37
90
80
80
100
100
97
60
90
87
70
100
100
80
53
27
100
100
87
UL
UL
85
80
80
20
90
100
140
80
35
200
45
100
250
UL
UL
32
20
120
UL
UL
UL
80
100
25
20
90
30
140
80
250
40
40
100
140
200
UL
30
29
120
UL
UL
UL
80
100
25
25
21
30
140
80
250
40
45
100
140
190
UL
30
28
43
78.0
81.0
76.0
75.0
68.0
74.0
80.0
78.0
76.0
72.0
71.0
78.0
77.0
65.0
69.0
67.0
76.0
74.0
72.0
69.0
75.0
83.0
84.0
84.0
83.0
82.0
85.0
86.0
77.0
84.0
82.0
78.0
82.0
84.0
74.0
75.0
75.0
83.0
84.0
70.0
76.0
85.0
E-14
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
20 JUNE 1983
1 PWH
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
340
67
57
27
23
47
160
160
73
83
110
277
43
60
153
77
67
60
47
310
127
8.1
9.2
5.8
6.6
10.4
9.5
3.4
5.4
7.3
6.6
6.6
5.4
3.8
1.6
5.1
7.3
8.4
8.1
10.4
5.0
8.4
180
137
103
53
187
37
80
90
107
47
70
123
43
320
117
137
97
57
13
230
70
8.8
10.7
1.9
7.3
6.9
6.9
7.3
7.3
6.9
6.2
7.3
7.7
3.4
6.0
6.1
5.1
9.9
5.0
13.8
9.9
6.9
37
73
83
30
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
100
100
0
77
97
60
100
100
UL
120
250
UL
40
45
100
9
20
19
8
9
10
70
28
UL
130
120
4
70
UL
120
250
110
45
100
10
25
33
8
5
20
70
17
UL
130
120
UL
6
70
UL
120
250
200
45
100
14
15
19
6
8
22
70
11
UL
130
120
25
15
60
40
23
50
53
100
100
90
100
100
100
100
87
77
100
100
17
70
97
27
100
100
UL
UL
250
UL
150
80
100
13
25
19
10
19
40
22
4
UL
160
120
UL
33
110
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
50
20
14
28
19
7
17
40
22
4
UL
140
100
30
14
90
250
UL
UL
250
150
50
100
16
28
38
7
17
40
30
4
UL
160
100
UL
25
70
78.0
80.0
73.0
76.0
70.0
72.0
78.0
75.0
70.0
71.0
70.0
71.0
77.0
65.0
67.0
74.0
75.0
70.0
73.0
67.0
74.0
85.0
82.0
80.0
86.0
77.0
74.0
87.0
76.0
75.0
70.0
70.0
79.0
84.0
76.0
65.0
83.0
82.0
79.0
80.0
72.0
76.0
E-15
-------
TABLE E-2. JULY 7 - JULY 23, 1985
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN OIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
07 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
217
257
260
247
260
307
287
297
290
290
303
300
293
283
320
263
263
297
287
9.9
11.1
8.8
6.9
15.0
12.7
13.1
13.4
13.1
13.9
16.5
10.4
9.9
15.7
11.0
17.7
13.4
13.1
16.9
227
260
240
280
240
297
280
290
287
267
280
293
293
283
270
267
277
310
290
16.5
13.5
8.8
13.9
17.2
16.5
17.3
15.7
15.4
13.4
14.9
11.1
10.7
18.4
11.4
18.4
13.9
11.9
18.8
55
77
63
37
17
33
40
20
37
50
23
43
37
77
40
97
97
33
7
110
40
18
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
22
UL
13
14
30
UL
UL
24
23
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
55
UL
18
32
UL
UL
UL
29
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
35
UL
45
UL
55
UL
21
19
UL
UL
50
57
50
43
60
57
53
37
67
50
23
33
80
57
20
100
100
0
10
UL
29
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
60
UL
22
19
UL
UL
UL
29
UL
UL
45
40
32
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
35
UL
20
16
UL
UL
40
UL
50
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
46
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
28
19
UL
UL
73.0
76.0
72.0
75.0
79.0
78.0
83.0
77.0
74.0
72.0
80.0
81.0
67.0
71.0
58.0
64.0
68.0
67.0
68.0
84.0
85.0
78.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
89.0
85.0
79.0
79.0
86.0
88.0
74.0
78.0
77.0
64.0
65.0
75.0
78.0
E-16
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
08 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
133
273
257
277
263
297
270
223
177
90
253
257
253
97
280
220
273
257
230
7.7
12.2
13.4
11.5
14.6
11.1
8.5
8.1
6.6
1.9
9.6
10.4
15.3
6.2
12.6
9.9
6.9
15.7
18.8
150
277
267
260
233
260
220
300
233
160
240
240
260
97
280
230
233
267
250
6.9
14.2
10.4
8.1
15.4
15.7
12.2
8.4
7.3
5.1
17.6
14.6
14.2
3.1
18.8
10.3
6.1
19.2
12.7
53
57
35
30
53
70
37
57
100
100
20
15
90
100
7
57
27
17
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
220
40
15
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
30
UL
UL
90
250
UL
120
220
40
UL
UL
55
15
UL
15
UL
UL
UL
35
30
90
200
UL
250
90
40
UL
UL
35
7
UL
20
UL
UL
UL
93
83
23
25
87
100
67
97
100
83
27
27
57
100
47
73
7
30
80
35
38
UL
90
50
200
100
19
UL
UL
UL
34
23
50
25
UL
UL
30
55
38
UL
UL
75
50
50
40
28
40
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
32
UL
UL
30
55
46
UL
UL
250
44
25
35
25
40
UL
UL
UL
17
UL
30
UL
UL
30
74.0
73.0
68.0
74.0
74.0
72.0
79.0
75.0
68.0
63.0
77.0
79.0
74.0
57.0
77.0
66.0
69.0
80.0
72.0
71.0
80.0
77.0
82.0
77.0
78.0
87.0
81.0
69.0
77.0
92.0
94.0
82.0
66.0
90.0
77.0
80.0
91.0
83.0
E-17
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
09 JULY 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PUM
BOS
ORH
BO L
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
93
127
193
97
133
150
187
263
283
177
230
183
223
287
317
210
273
300
200
10.7
8.1
3.8
3.4
7.7
7.3
9.2
6.5
5.4
5.4
9.9
6.1
5.7
7.7
13.3
15.0
6.6
12.2
9.5
167
117
203
197
103
183
167
230
223
253
253
207
283
273
300
230
237
303
273
13.1
15.4
6.6
7.3
10.3
15.0
11.5
6.6
7.7
6.6
11.9
8.8
11.0
10.0
13.1
16.1
5.8
12.2
15.0
7
10
30
17
0
33
20
60
80
53
63
83
100
40
7
17
17
27
73
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
12
80
UL
230
14
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
80
UL
250
230
17
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
250
250
210
22
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
20
17
23
37
0
37
23
40
30
25
40
50
40
70
60
70
77
37
57
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
230
UL
UL
UL
120
30
UL
35
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
230
UL
250
33
35
UL
35
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
250
39
100
UL
UL
74.0
74.0
74.0
76.0
74.0
77.0
80.0
74.0
72.0
72.0
82.0
79.0
66.0
73.0
73.0
75.0
78.0
78.0
72.0
79.0
79.0
81.0
85.0
77.0
83.0
91.0
86.0
85.0
85.0
89.0
89.0
84.0
86.0
81.0
81.0
85.0
84.0
85.0
E-18
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FfxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
10 JULY 1985
1
2
8
4
S
6
7
8
9
11
PUM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BOR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
173
220
213
180
183
317
283
273
277
287
147
233
143
127
140
230
243
267
170
11.1
10.7
6.6
4.6
7.7
9.2
8.8
6.9
4.2
10.8
7.7
6.9
5.0
5.7
13.0
8.9
6.9
7.7
13.9
173
200
217
250
203
267
230
177
207
203
157
107
173
117
243
290
140
360
270
10.7
17.7
12.3
12.2
12.2
14.2
11.9
6.6
8.1
10.7
7.6
6.2
9.2
6.1
10.7
12.3
7.3
12.7
11.0
100
83
93
83
63
33
10
80
100
100
93
87
100
100
30
90
90
100
80
4
11
5
14
UL
UL
UL
250
6
200
230
18
5
UL
100
200
11
30
4
11
8
14
UL
UL
UL
100
50
38
90
18
80
UL
80
80
12
45
5
35
11
250
80
250
UL
80
100
50
37
80
28
12
50
65
80
14
UL
100
37
73
70
70
80
93
87
93
70
87
77
100
57
60
93
77
67
67
9
UL
UL
80
100
30
70
40
100
250
230
45
90
45
50
75
UL
25
9
UL
23
80
100
25
70
40
100
80
110
45
UL
45
50
75
40
25
40
UL
23
250
80
100
25
120
250
UL
50
80
45
33
UL
50
75
17
UL
68.0
75.0
71.0
73.0
76.0
83.0
88.0
82.0
76.0
66.0
83.0
81.0
61.0
65.0
70.0
70.0
72.0
70.0
66.0
73.0
86.0
81.0
87.0
83.0
87.0
88.0
71.0
79.0
78.0
77.0
81.0
72.0
76.0
77.0
72.0
76.0
77.0
77.0
E-19
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
11 JULY 1985
1 PUM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
273
270
267
323
293
333
243
343
327
320
243
350
243
257
137
303
263
163
270
11.5
13.5
13.1
8.1
12.3
12.2
9.2
9.2
11.1
6.9
9.2
6.9
4.3
8.8
4.7
11.1
13.5
4.6
11.5
293
280
283
317
263
237
150
323
327
323
337
237
217
273
187
313
273
237
270
13.8
12.7
9.6
7.7
11.1
9.9
8.4
9.5
12.3
8.4
10.1
6.9
6.9
10.7
9.5
11.1
15.0
7.3
9.5
27
0
10
3
0
13
33
20
17
7
10
10
63
37
83
20
37
37
10
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
UL
50
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
50
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
20
20
3
10
3
17
27
7
37
30
3
7
27
40
80
7
3
30
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
80
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
74.0
77.0
72.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
80.0
75.0
73.0
73.0
77.0
79.0
70.0
67.0
62.0
63.0
66.0
68.0
71.0
81.0
84.0
78.0
82.0
83.0
84.0
89.0
85.0
84.0
81.0
87.0
89.0
80.0
80.0
72.0
72.0
73.0
75.0
80.0
E-20
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
12 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
83
260
283
20
103
63
113
203
143
210
237
200
183
93
223
103
70
273
260
6.9
8.8
3.4
1.9
10.3
9.5
5.7
6.6
6.9
7.7
8.8
5.4
5.4
7.7
9.5
7.7
5.8
8.1
5.7
147
127
193
210
110
187
167
223
200
203
173
150
277
227
287
343
73
343
283
11.9
12.7
6.9
10.0
10.3
16.9
13.1
8.4
13.9
10.7
8.1
6.9
8.1
10.3
7.3
9.2
8.8
8.8
9.2
3
0
27
27
30
70
80
93
77
70
100
97
65
53
0
73
100
0
53
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
100
250
100
80
40
UL
80
UL
50
46
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
250
80
150
100
40
150
100
UL
120
45
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
250
80
200
UL
110
150
45
UL
UL
UL
38
UL
55
33
13
30
83
67
73
87
85
25
33
70
43
43
60
37
45
60
7
60
UL
UL
UL
80
250
250
120
100
UL
45
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
45
UL
UL
80
250
250
80
70
UL
UL
85
UL
UL
40
UL
80
100
UL
50
100
UL
UL
80
250
100
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
70.0
77.0
71.0
73.0
72.0
71.0
83.0
75.0
73.0
72.0
71.0
70.0
73.0
68.0
72.0
60.0
54.0
76.0
75.0
76.0
79.0
79.0
81.0
79.0
82.0
84.0
82.0
81.0
79.0
80.0
82.0
83.0
81.0
82.0
76.0
76.0
81.0
82.0
E-21
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
13 JULY 1985
1 PUM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 OTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
160
253
300
123
153
167
107
100
57
40
220
57
237
223
203
180
110
197
117
5.4
6.9
4.2
4.3
9.2
4.6
3.1
6.2
4.2
1.1
6.9
3.8
3.4
5.4
12.3
6.6
5.1
11.4
6.2
147
157
257
247
193
190
153
197
100
117
140
133
290
150
187
217
63
210
187
8.4
11.9
5.8
5.0
10.3
7.7
11.1
5.8
4.2
5.4
7.7
6.1
6.6
7.3
18.9
10.4
7.7
13.1
7.7
17
20
87
63
23
27
33
7
43
20
0
3
33
43
23
0
17
17
0
UL
UL
12
23
UL
UL
UL
UL
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
18
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
20
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
23
50
33
43
10
37
17
30
20
30
20
33
90
0
0
20
0
23
27
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
72.0
75.0
69.0
71.0
75.0
75.0
84.0
77.0
72.0
71.0
78.0
77.0
73.0
65.0
75.0
74.0
68.0
78.0
74.0
78.0
81.0
78.0
82.0
81.0
86.0
88.0
88.0
83.0
83.0
88.0
89.0
84.0
82.0
85.0
88.0
85.0
88.0
87.0
E-22
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
14 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 OTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
190
207
210
203
213
233
233
237
237
210
230
167
197
210
237
230
223
257
147
14.2
18.0
12.7
11.5
11.9
14.2
13.7
10.7
9.5
5.4
11.9
7.3
6.2
5.8
13.9
19.6
11.5
12.7
8.4
180
190
207
203
197
233
227
233
233
250
213
183
150
253
267
230
213
213
227
17.6
20.0
13.1
13.9
16.9
16.1
17.7
14.2
11.4
9.6
14.2
11.9
5.0
8.8
15.4
19.5
12.7
11.1
8.1
43
3
63
97
83
67
37
27
25
47
50
37
93
63
90
97
100
100
100
UL
UL
UL
13
3
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
40
80
30
85
70
14
20
UL
UL
250
11
8
200
UL
UL
150
250
UL
40
250
200
28
70
15
25
250
UL
18
15
UL
25
UL
UL
UL
80
UL
UL
32
UL
90
17
55
90
50
77
50
70
93
80
70
45
43
67
87
20
23
73
100
87
77
97
87
90
250
UL
250
30
200
25
23
200
UL
80
UL
UL
200
33
90
65
45
140
45
250
250
250
30
150
25
UL
100
100
UL
UL
200
33
80
80
50
140
80
UL
250
32
150
200
UL
UL
120
60
UL
UL
UL
33
65
UL
80
160
80
77.0
80.0
72.0
75.0
75.0
83.0
86.0
81.0
78.0
75.0
81.0
80.0
73.0
73.0
70.0
76.0
80.0
74.0
71.0
78.0
85.0
82.0
83.0
84.0
90.0
94.0
89.0
86.0
84.0
93.0
93.0
86.0
83.0
84.0
81.0
77.0
83.0
82.0
E-23
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM OLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
15 JULY 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
OCA
EKN
IPT
OTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
180
237
220
203
223
233
203
223
250
90
187
167
200
50
257
217
88
230
213
10.0
15.4
12.2
9.2
9.9
13.4
12.3
8.8
4.6
1.6
8.4
8.8
7.3
3.5
9.5
13.8
5.1
10.3
11.5
180
220
213
203
193
190
183
220
230
220
190
180
243
187
303
253
180
273
243
17.3
12.2
10.7
8.1
14.5
12.6
15.4
11.5
11.1
8.8
9.9
10.7
11.0
6.1
13.1
15.7
14.6
10.4
14.5
40
53
97
100
77
100
100
97
100
100
80
50
93
100
100
100
97
100
85
70
6
15
250
100
80
80
80
80
80
250
30
25
30
16
23
190
90
UL
70
10
15
250
80
80
80
80
80
80
UL
100
23
30
13
23
110
90
UL
12
16
250
80
80
100
80
80
80
UL
100
28
7
23
19
57
80
100
100
97
100
67
63
60
77
87
33
40
83
40
90
97
77
67
UL
24
100
100
38
70
80
25
120
100
80
UL
UL
28
27
50
25
17
25
UL
80
100
100
75
20
250
100
250
100
80
UL
UL
28
UL
35
100
250
45
90
35
100
23
110
20
UL
UL
UL
100
80
90
UL
UL
UL
120
30
250
UL
78.0
76.0
72.0
75.0
79.0
81.0
85.0
79.0
74.0
72.0
83.0
82.0
73.0
71.0
72.0
75.0
78.0
73.0
72.0
83.0
84.0
80.0
82.0
81.0
83.0
88.0
89.0
86.0
83.0
93.0
94.0
86.0
82.0
81.0
76.0
82.0
83.0
83.0
E-24
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
16 JULY 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
237
227
230
123
133
103
203
260
203
340
283
337
220
270
327
253
257
297
340
9.2
9.9
5.7
2.7
3.9
5.4
4.6
4.7
2.7
7.3
6.6
7.7
7.3
7.7
13.5
10.0
11.1
11.5
13.0
177
197
200
193
107
147
230
217
287
337
290
223
330
233
323
280
313
350
293
12.3
11.9
6.9
7.7
11.9
7.6
4.2
6.2
9.2
6.5
11.1
8.4
10.0
11.9
11.9
11.5
17.7
11.5
11.5
47
100
100
100
100
100
87
97
43
30
90
77
70
20
17
63
0
0
13
100
100
100
110
100
100
70
70
120
UL
80
110
30
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
100
110
100
100
70
60
UL
UL
120
110
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
100
15
100
100
17
60
UL
95
110
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
33
63
90
60
57
67
100
63
30
60
35
23
37
20
27
80
20
7
43
UL
80
20
75
16
100
17
70
UL
150
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
100
80
UL
UL
17
80
UL
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
70
UL
UL
UL
76.0
76.0
70.0
73.0
73.0
77.0
83.0
76.0
76.0
79.0
79.0
79.0
71.0
76.0
69.0
69.0
74.0
72.0
71.0
85.0
80.0
80.0
84.0
80.0
88.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
85.0
90.0
90.0
78.0
86.0
77.0
72.0
78.0
75.0
78.0
E-25
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
17 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BOL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTU
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
230
140
130
HO
260
63
37
50
63
227
57
20
313
327
53
157
333
50
47
10.3
9.5
7.3
9.5
13.8
15.0
13.4
9.5
8.4
6.6
9.2
7.3
4.6
7.3
7.7
4.3
6.9
8.8
11.9
167
113
143
40
140
67
83
150
47
327
247
17
220
153
190
153
240
357
37
6.9
12.2
5.1
8.8
10.7
10.7
11.5
6.6
7.7
8.8
10.0
6.6
6.6
10.4
9.2
7.3
9.6
11.9
9.9
15
30
17
3
10
23
3
17
0
0
0
0
33
10
3
37
20
40
13
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
4
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
33
UL
UL
UL
23
13
23
10
20
30
20
13
10
7
30
40
27
10
27
57
23
7
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
38
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
UL
UL
UL
42
UL
UL
UL
71.0
71.0
67.0
71.0
73.0
75.0
77.0
74.0
71.0
70.0
75.0
76.0
59.0
68.0
69.0
68.0
70.0
69.0
65.0
80.0
74.0
77.0
81.0
81.0
83.0
84.0
83.0
81.0
80.0
84.0
84.0
78.0
80.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
75.0
76.0
E-26
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PH CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
18 JULY 1985
1 PUM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
13
50
20
53
143
73
50
103
53
120
33
130
270
167
157
123
240
130
100
15.0
11.0
8.4
7.3
8.4
6.9
6.6
8.4
7.3
2.3
10.4
7.7
3.4
3.5
8.1
6.6
6.6
3.4
5.4
100
107
37
240
230
60
103
103
43
73
103
93
327
160
203
240
227
337
57
12.7
12.7
6.9
4.9
13.1
8.1
11.4
7.3
8.1
3.5
10.7
7.3
7.3
6.9
9.2
6.6
5.8
10.0
4.6
7
13
17
3
33
10
10
13
7
0
20
17
37
3
30
3
3
7
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
20
17
30
27
20
50
23
30
30
53
37
60
47
30
13
17
13
37
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
45
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
65
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
78.0
76.0
75.0
75.0
77.0
79.0
82.0
77.0
75.0
72.0
80.0
79.0
63.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
71.0
84.0
77.0
80.0
86.0
81.0
87.0
86.0
85.0
83.0
83.0
85.0
87.0
81.0
83.0
81.0
81.0
83.0
80.0
82.0
E-27
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLO 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%> (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
19 JULY 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PUM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BOR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
187
247
240
233
233
240
263
230
233
180
223
190
177
163
247
240
240
233
247
10.4
13.5
10.7
6.2
15.4
12.6
5.0
8.4
8.8
6.1
10.7
8.4
3.5
4.6
13.1
22.7
12.2
9.9
8.1
190
240
240
240
223
230
173
220
230
223
210
160
257
203
237
243
240
237
253
15.7
15.0
13.4
11.9
13.4
18.0
14.6
9.9
11.1
8.1
9.2
9.5
8.1
5.4
14.6
21.9
13.1
13.7
11.1
55
23
10
23
10
10
13
7
0
7
33
15
0
0
20
55
53
13
3
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
30
63
33
27
10
50
17
20
33
47
33
20
30
0
45
83
60
27
33
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
65
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
140
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
80
80
UL
UL
78.0
81.0
73.0
78.0
75.0
80.0
82.0
78.0
76.0
72.0
81.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
76.0
78.0
79.0
75.0
74.0
88.0
87.0
81.0
88.0
85.0
86.0
88.0
86.0
85.0
85.0
90.0
90.0
83.0
88.0
85.0
82.0
86.0
85.0
85.0
E-28
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
20 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
287
280
263
320
227
277
260
257
260
283
280
240
80
253
267
240
290
217
270
12.8
13.4
14.2
7.7
12.3
7.7
8.8
8.1
8.4
10.3
10.7
8.4
2.3
10.3
6.5
12.7
9.2
3.9
6.9
307
283
267
300
223
297
270
267
280
303
280
323
320
280
267
230
303
190
243
11.5
12.6
11.9
8.9
16.1
13.4
11.4
9.2
10.8
9.6
11.5
9.5
10.7
9.6
9.2
16.9
13.9
9.2
8.8
7
3
3
33
65
87
17
73
67
67
87
30
83
43
87
67
90
93
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
120
UL
200
120
120
100
UL
120
110
15
21
17
16
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
150
UL
120
100
40
UL
20
21
19
18
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
120
UL
150
UL
120
100
37
UL
20
21
25
20
50
43
33
30
27
40
87
30
27
50
67
33
13
87
47
43
67
60
53
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
37
UL
UL
UL
28
27
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
37
UL
UL
120
28
29
50
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
40
UL
150
50
UL
UL
55
82.0
82.0
76.0
81.0
77.0
81.0
86.0
81.0
75.0
75.0
82.0
85.0
73.0
78.0
75.0
75.0
73.0
75.0
72.0
88.0
91.0
86.0
89.0
85.0
89.0
93.0
89.0
88.0
88.0
92.0
93.0
79.0
90.0
83.0
79.0
83.0
84.0
80.0
E-29
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
21 JULY 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PUM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
287
50
273
303
230
70
83
100
100
123
143
193
207
123
213
210
247
217
180
8.8
6.9
4.3
4.6
12.2
6.9
10.7
6.9
4.6
4.6
6.2
5.4
5.0
5.1
10.7
7.3
5.4
10.3
10.4
160
123
250
287
200
150
110
237
217
237
277
213
223
197
247
233
120
230
200
12.6
15.4
8.8
6.9
13.1
13.1
8.1
8.8
9.2
6.9
11.4
9.9
7.7
6.9
14.6
9.2
6.2
9.2
9.6
20
20
10
3
0
0
3
0
13
33
20
47
100
37
97
83
57
47
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
100
100
120
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
100
110
120
UL
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
100
40
UL
100
110
UL
90
28
27
13
23
10
27
30
30
50
67
80
80
93
90
87
75
80
97
97
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
80
80
100
100
120
80
28
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
80
80
40
40
140
200
80
29
18
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
80
100
50
40
140
80
29
18
79.0
81.0
75.0
80.0
81.0
84.0
85.0
81.0
79.0
77.0
82.0
84.0
69.0
74.0
77.0
69.0
73.0
77.0
74.0
83.0
80.0
82.0
87.0
87.0
90.0
89.0
90.0
88.0
84.0
91.0
92.0
82.0
84.0
82.0
82.0
81.0
83.0
78.0
E-30
-------
REGION SFC AH WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(HPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
22 JULY 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
190
267
250
307
263
323
283
303
290
273
310
307
263
263
113
267
270
33
237
13.4
11.5
12.7
9.2
13.1
13.8
12.2
11.6
11.5
6.9
12.3
11.9
7.7
12.7
8.1
15.7
16.2
9.2
8.1
227
277
257
263
263
283
287
293
260
273
263
297
260
290
293
237
287
330
340
13.5
13.4
9.9
11.9
15.0
11.1
12.2
10.3
13.0
6.9
12.3
7.3
9.9
13.8
11.9
21.9
16.9
10.7
11.5
83
50
70
80
63
80
55
40
60
73
70
83
100
37
3
20
30
85
77
120
70
80
250
100
100
70
UL
200
40
UL
250
19
UL
UL
UL
UL
34
25
250
UL
250
100
100
UL
40
200
100
22
38
UL
UL
UL
39
30
250
UL
250
250
100
100
UL
UL
UL
40
50
80
23
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
37
33
50
77
87
70
30
63
50
83
57
53
90
60
0
10
0
3
90
UL
UL
UL
250
100
100
UL
UL
UL
40
120
80
25
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
UL
UL
UL
250
250
100
250
UL
40
120
UL
28
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
250
250
250
UL
250
UL
40
UL
UL
27
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
72.0
73.0
67.0
76.0
77.0
79.0
84.0
79.0
76.0
74.0
82.0
84.0
71.0
77.0
67.0
65.0
70.0
67.0
71.0
87.0
86.0
80.0
85.0
84.0
85.0
92.0
86.0
85.0
83.0
86.0
88.0
76.0
84.0
76.0
72.0
77.0
73.0
74.0
E-31
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM UIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
23 JULY 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PWH
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
333
310
297
223
330
233
240
247
340
340
27
23
343
333
117
143
323
77
23
12.3
12.7
11.5
10.4
21.1
8.8
8.8
11.9
12.6
8.8
11.6
8.8
7.3
13.0
9.2
11.5
11.5
7.7
6.6
317
310
307
210
340
133
313
130
360
327
33
243
347
223
133
120
297
150
37
15.4
12.3
9.5
8.9
15.0
10.7
9.2
6.9
12.7
6.2
9.2
8.1
8.1
8.1
10.3
8.8
11.9
14.2
7.3
47
30
20
30
10
20
13
0
20
0
7
20
0
37
0
40
20
20
10
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
25
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
27
37
30
20
40
23
13
33
30
7
13
0
17
13
10
0
10
0
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
71.0
71.0
63.0
69.0
69.0
72.0
75.0
70.0
67.0
67.0
72.0
73.0
65.0
64.0
66.0
64.0
64.0
65.0
61.0
77.0
77.0
72.0
76.0
76.0
78.0
82.0
78.0
76.0
74.0
79.0
81.0
76.0
75.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
E-32
-------
TABLE E-3. AUGUST 6 - AUGUST 16, 1985
REGION SfC AM WIND
STN OIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
06 AUGUST 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 OTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT.
110
213
237
197
210
193
133
133
163
113
140
163
197
163
210
187
170
190
207
6.5
11.4
9.9
8.4
9.2
12.3
8.1
7.7
7.3
6.9
7.7
8.4
8.1
16.1
16.9
16.9
13.8
16.1
13.0
147
180
190
200
130
193
143
180
170
120
147
150
193
160
197
213
157
190
193
13.3
11.9
6.9
10.4
12.7
13.8
10.7
8.8
11.1
7.7
10.4
10.7
7.7
13.1
14.6
16.2
15.4
17.3
13.9
33
17
23
13
20
40
60
70
90
83
73
63
90
83
100
40
47
57
73
2
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
160
140
220
100
120
55
100
110
12
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
260
120
220
100
28
120
100
110
12
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
220
100
60
110
55
110
15
UL
24
35
0
47
27
23
17
30
30
30
73
70
63
77
100
67
97
73
45
83
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
220
45
70
40
55
110
14
120
24
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
220
45
40
50
50
110
14
120
UL
25
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
220
42
50
35
80
14
120
UL
39
25
64.0
75.0
69.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
78.0
74.0
72.0
68.0
74.0
75.0
68.0
68.0
70.0
75.0
75.0
72.0
69.0
75.0
81.0
79.0
82.0
79.0
80.0
81.0
81.0
80.0
75.0
81.0
82.0
73.0
78.0
77.0
83.0
83.0
77.0
76.0
E-33
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN OIR
AH WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PH WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
07 AUGUST 1985
1 PUM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
183
167
197
167
180
193
190
210
197
HO
223
180
110
103
270
217
183
193
207
11.9
10.3
8.1
6.9
13.9
15.3
10.7
10.3
8.1
3.9
11.9
13.4
4.6
4.6
9.2
13.1
11.9
8.8
14.2
173
197
180
173
177
183
173
203
207
170
200
203
223
153
223
223
190
207
213
18.0
14.6
11.6
11.9
13.1
17.3
18.4
10.7
10.4
9.2
16.5
17.2
10.7
5.8
14.2
17.7
14.6
10.7
12.3
13
40
93
100
65
90
80
45
100
50
13
33
10
83
37
100
100
100
47
UL
UL
9
6
30
18
32
25
100
UL
UL
UL
23
UL
19
55
95
UL
UL
UL
12
16
UL
20
30
250
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
28
UL
17
40
27
UL
UL
35
23
17
20
UL
UL
25
UL
UL
UL
100
18
55
110
35
13
70
73
90
83
57
23
40
83
70
67
63
100
93
50
97
90
87
83
UL
35
23
31
35
100
UL
100
15
35
38
35
250
16
100
110
35
UL
38
23
42
200
100
UL
UL
100
40
38
30
250
100
21
38
110
40
UL
100
90
39
200
UL
UL
UL
200
40
40
18
80
UL
33
45
250
250
71.0
73.0
67.0
71.0
75.0
78.0
80.0
78.0
74.0
73.0
78.0
78.0
71.0
68.0
72.0
72.0
75.0
71.0
75.0
75.0
80.0
74.0
78.0
81.0
80.0
84.0
86.0
83.0
82.0
86.0
86.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
76.0
79.0
76.0
83.0
E-34
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
08 AUGUST 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
227
217
167
150
243
247
103
193
240
163
133
127
243
197
327
333
277
223
253
9.2
7.3
2.6 •
3.4
20.0
13.9
4.6
6.6
5.8
3.9
4.3
4.6
5.1
3.9
6.9
8.8
11.6
5.8
5.0
177
93
247
233
233
243
193
170
257
190
160
70
343
233
200
330
303
137
260
10.7
7.7
5.8
5.4
16.1
8.8
10.7
6.6
6.2
4.6
5.4
5.1
5.4
6.9
7.3
10.3
15.7
9.5
6.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
83
63
97
97
100
73
10
3
70
47
97
60
40
12
4
6
40
25
45
7
20
23
14
9
10
UL
UL
17
11
20
60
43
15
11
6
- 40
60
60
11
20
60
25
26
12
UL
UL
19
19
12
60
35
15
16
20
16
50
70
21
20
12
14
23
UL
UL
UL
23
UL
15
93
87
65
70
30
67
83
40
27
63
67
70
80
43
27
7
7
10
40
60
16
8
21
UL
120
70
250
UL
20
25
70
37
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
12
30
UL
150
10
UL
UL
30
80
100
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
100
UL
35
UL
UL
18
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
73.0
71.0
68.0
69.0
73.0
73.0
70.0
71.0
71.0
72.0
72.0
74.0
69.0
69.0
74.0
74.0
76.0
73.0
68.0
73.0
71.0
76.0
82.0
80.0
83.0
81.0
81.0
83.0
81.0
82.0
82.0
79.0
85.0
85.0
82.0
83.0
81.0
83.0
E-35
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED .
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
09 AUGUST 1985
1 PUM
2 BOS
OBH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKM
IPT
9 OTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
350
90
37
127
100
60
63
63
47
27
153
37
190
187
120
140 .
147
120
70
8.1
8.4
6.9
5.0
11.0
13.1
7.7
6.9
6.9
3.9
7.7
6.6
3.1
3.9
3.8
5.4
4.6
9.2
5.4
183
110
207
307
100
73
93
117
50
100
80
60
17
203
180
250
87
163
127
14.2
10.3
1.9
4.6
9.2
13.9
10.7
6.9
6.6
5.8
11.0
9.9
6.2
5.4
10.7
11.9
6.9
8.1
6.6
3
0
3
0
13
13
20
27
13
30
30
30
40
10
0
20
10
23
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
4
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
220
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
3
17
23
10
33
40
20
10
47
23
35
30
10
0
30
20
0
37
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
79.0
79.0
77.0
76.0
77.0
79.0
82.0
79.0
77.0
74.0
79.0
79.0
65.0
71.0
78.0
74.0
76.0
78.0
70.0
80.0
78.0
83.0
87.0
82.0
85.0
85.0
87.0
86.0
81.0
87.0
87.0
83.0
86.0
84.0
85.0
88.0
86.0
85.0
E-36
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
10 AUGUST 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PWH
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
83
73
50
113
147
47
57
97
87
77
70
37
233
140
193
197
97
210
220
5.8
6.2
2.2
4.3
4.3
8.4
8.8
7.7
4.6
5.8
9.2
7.3
3.8
5.8
14.2
8.1
5.1
10.7
8.1
177
83
163
183
117
157
110
143
147
110
70
80
233
180
243
243
240
227
270
12.7
10.3
5.4
7.7
8.8
12.7
11.1
5.0
5.0
8.4
7.7
6.6
5.4
12.6
15.0
13.1
12.2
11.2
7.7
10
73
50
10
93
40
37
50
73
87
60
57
7
0
77
20
3
33
10
UL
60
50
UL
2
UL
UL
UL
9
15
25
25
UL
UL
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
UL
UL
4
UL
UL
25
23
15
UL
25
UL
UL
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
10
UL
UL
UL
UL
15
UL
UL
UL
UL
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
7
3
30
17
20
27
40
33
27
30
53
50
37
47
87
40
40
37
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
35
45
UL
200
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
46
UL
UL
UL
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
76.0
73.0
75.0
73.0
72.0
77.0
83.0
78.0
71.0
72.0
75.0
76.0
72.0
71.0
74.0
77.0
76.0
76.0
74.0
80.0
78.0
82.0
88.0
83.0
86.0
84.0
86.0
84.0
80.0
85.0
86.0
84.0
84.0
85.0
87.0
90.0
86.0
85.0
E-37
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
11 AUGUST 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 OTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
110
220
243
197
203
240
257
253
243
167
253
153
243
277
23
233
263
143
323
6.6
9.9
7.7
6.9
9.2
5.0
4.6
6.2
4.9
3.5
5.8
6.9
3.4
5.4
11.0
9.9
13.3
10.3
9.9
197
230
230
223
170
130
133
213
240
247
223
173
313
287
247
320
303
127
320
9.2
13.3
5.8
8.1
11.1
13.5
9.2
7.7
5.4
5.1
8.9
7.3
7.3
5.8
9.9
10.7
14.9
10.7
11.5
30
30
37
23
73
33
50
70
77
73
17
3
67
63
0
50
90
40
90
UL
80
40
UL
8
UL
UL
11
13
UL
UL
UL
37
UL
UL
24
19
UL
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
10
UL
UL
25
150
50
UL
UL
UL
80
UL
UL
20
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
200
45
UL
UL
90
80
UL
UL
19
UL
55
80
50
77
80
30
80
33
47
100
100
87
77
73
60
0
3
33
17
47
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
20
UL
UL
120
45
45
40
90
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
70
250
UL
20
UL
UL
100
45
45
40
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
60
65
70
45
UL
20
UL
100
80
60
39
40
UL
55
UL
UL
UL -
UL
UL
75.0
77.0
74.0
77.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
75.0
76.0
76.0
79.0
79.0
66.0
71.0
67.0
68.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
84.0
86.0
83.0
87.0
83.0
88.0
86.0
86.0
83.0
81.0
88.0
90.0
82.0
85.0
79.0
77.0
79.0
73.0
83.0
E-38
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM OLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
12 AUGUST 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
353
283
217
33
347
257
227
243
33
330
140
143
220
280
127
90
300
103
100
15.4
9.9
4.6
8.4
16.5
12.3
8.4
10.7
9.6
6.2
10.7
9.2
4.2
8.4
6.9
9.2
5.8
5.0
7.3
317
120
320
43
190
120
280
330
237
303
227
20
217
217
180
93
310
120
197
14.5
10.7
8.4
5.8
12.2
13.1
7.3
8.1
4.6
5.8
6.6
7.7
6.6
10.0
9.2
8.8
10.7
9.2
6.9
0
33
27
3
3
13
10
0
0
0
0
3
80
40
3
70
10
13
10
UL
60
35
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
9
21
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
30
UL
UL
22
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
28
UL
UL
UL
10
17
30
30
7
13
10
0
0
0
0
10
50
0
20
17
7
17
10
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
34
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
71.0
73.0
69.0
71.0
75.0
76.0
80.0
74.0
72.0
71.0
76.0
77.0
66.0
64.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
71.0
68.0
79.0
73.0
77.0
81.0
81.0
84.0
88.0
84.0
83.0
80.0
87.0
87.0
83.0
80.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
80.0
84.0
E-39
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AH WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
13 AUGUST 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
133
103
210
237
107
63
80
270
130
53
187
157
53
117
230
200
53
227
213
7.3
8.8
3.8
3.4
12.3
11.9
1.6
5.7
6.6
4.3
6.6
8.8
1.1
8.8
15.0
11.1
6.6
13.1
11.5
163
110
250
200
117
177
183
213
247
180
160
160
307
123
240
247
187
230
253
15.0
11.9
8.8
8.8
9.2
14.2
12.3
9.2
8.4
5.8
10.3
9.2
6.1
7.7
16.9
23.0
10.7
11.5
11.9
7
0
0
7
0
20
0
7
30
57
17
7
15
7
100
90
30
30
63
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
40
UL
UL
UL
100
39
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
31
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
140
UL
UL
250
7
3
3
10
3
20
27
10
0
43
53
47
30
43
65
40
90
67
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
200
250
250
130
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
42
UL
UL
250
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
UL
250
130
35
67.0
70.0
69.0
70.0
71.0
74.0
84.0
75.0
71.0
67.0
78.0
80.0
68.0
72.0
74.0
73.0
71.0
79.0
80.0
72.0
72.0
76.0
85.0
78.0
83.0
87.0
85.0
84.0
82.0
91.0
93.0
89.0
82.0
88.0
86.0
88.0
86.0
92.0
E-40
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AH WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
14 AUGUST 1985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
77
267
273
173
223
307
267
223
240
253
270
180
213
233
243
233
277
233
247
1.1
11.5
13.1
5.1
13.1
7.7
5.4
7.3
8.1
5.8
7.3
6.9
3.8
5.1
7.3
11.6
5.1
5.8
11.1
173
307
293
317
220
260
247
220
237
260
260
120
177
250
227
223
193
227
253
9.9
9.9
12.7
5.0
12.2
11.5
8.8
8.1
11.9
5.8
8.1
5.4
5.0
9.5
8.1
14.6
6.6
9.9
10.3
37
0
23
40
50
40
43
13
33
23
10
43
0
87
100
73
70
30
100
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
5
9
14
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
38
8
19
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
11
50
40
UL
13
40
30
60
40
40
37
43
40
90
40
43
53
27
50
50
43
90
87
UL
UL
UL
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
UL
110
80
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
95
40
UL
40
UL
60
UL
UL
UL
35
UL
40
UL
50
40
UL
200
UL
250
95
35
70.0
81.0
78.0
83.0
78.0
83.0
86.0
81.0
81.0
78.0
88.0
86.0
75.0
76.0
72.0
76.0
79.0
77.0
79.0
88.0
90.0
89.0
97.0
90.0
95.0
97.0
93.0
91.0
86.0
98.0
97.0
87.0
94.0
83.0
83.0
88.0
85.0
88.0
E-41
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
15 AUGUST 1985
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
253
170
253
207
227
227
247
243
240
167
257
190
200
40
140
233
270
217
203
9.9
5.0
5.4
5.1
12.7
10.0
9.6
8.1
8.8
3.9
8.8
10.7
6.2
1.6
8.8
19.6
6.5
12.3
12.7
193
223
207
233
233
233
223
223
233
257
270
163
220
233
243
277
250
233
187
11.1
14.6
9.2
7.7
14.5
15.4
18.4
12.8
13.4
5.8
8.4
9.9
9.9
8.4
8.1
20.0
13.4
12.3
9.2
67
25
57
97
30
40
10
63
33
30
17
70
7
100
93
47
67
40
UL
UL
80
100
UL
UL
UL
210
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
7
60
80
95
UL
120
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
210
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
7
19
UL
60
UL
120
UL
300
UL
UL
UL
210
UL
UL
UL
37
UL
3
22
UL
UL
UL
7
43
57
23
80
33
7
17
30
17
33
37
30
63
100
80
80
90
77
UL
UL
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
4
75
45
50
80
UL
UL
30
UL
35
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
45
6
70
45
250
80
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
40
100
40
50
80
82.0
87.0
81.0
84.0
81.0
87.0
88.0
85.0
81.0
78.0
86.0
86.0
73.0
77.0
66.0
79.0
77.0
74.0
78.0
90.0
93.0
89.0
93.0
92.0
95.0
95.0
92.0
90.0
89.0
1 96.0
96.0
86.0
90.0
68.0
82.0
88.0
83.0
79.0
E-42
-------
REGION SFC
STN
AM
WIND AM WIND
DIR SPEED
(MPH)
PM
WIND PM WIND
DIR SPEED
(MPH)
AM OLD
COVER
(%)
9 AM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
10 AM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
16 AUGUST
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PUH
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
310
337
317
347
347
340
297
313
250
260
300
323
197
320
67
23
300
57
40
7.7
13.8
7.3
6.9
12.6
11.9
6.2
8.1
10.7
8.8
8.4
9.2
4.7
6.2
7.7
7.7
9.9
7.7
8.8
333
313
287
313
337
37
320
313
150
323
297
330
253
330
90
310
303
23
60
8.1
10.7
6.5
7.3
13.4
13.4
9.2
8.4
7.3
6.9
9.9
9.5
5.4
6.6
8.1
8.1
11.5
10.3
5.0
100
60
90
100
37
63
17
30
100
100
93
93
100
100
0
10
27
100
75
80
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
23
50
100
100
13
23
UL
UL
UL
3
80
80
30
UL
100
UL
UL
80
100
60
100
28
55
UL
UL
UL
3
11 AM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
1985
80
45
55.
25
75
100
UL
80
10
100
55
100
16
23
UL
UL
UL
5
PM CLD
COVER
(%)
83
80
100
100
100
100
93
87
100
100
87
80
100
90
3
7
23
35
97
1 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
120
80
90
70
55
30
25
40
28
40
100
100
16
80
UL
UL
UL
15
2 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
200
120
90
90
100
50
25
80
21
40
100
70
23
80
UL
UL
UL
UL
20
3 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
250
80
200
100
100
35
120
120
38
20
100
70
16
80
UL
UL
UL
UL
22
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
71.0
79.0
72.0
79.0
82.0
83.0
84.0
81.0
77.0
73.0
83.0
83.0
68.0
67.0
68.0
68.0
68.0
70.0
67.0
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
75.0
76.0
72.0
78.0
73.0
79.0
87.0
82.0
74.0
72.0
83.0
86.0
73.0
75.0
77.0
80.0
78.0
75.0
72.0
E-43
-------
TABLE E-4. JULY 4 - JULY 18, 1988
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND PM WIND
SPEED DIR
(MPH)
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
04 JULY 1988
1 PUM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BOL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTU
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
177
137
247
173
130
63
230
187
207
107
47
97
163
167
73
137
213
80
250
150
120
8.4
9.5
7.7
2.7
9.2
8.1
5.8 .
6.2
5.1
4.2
3.9
8.4
11.1
5.4
2.2
8.8
5.1
3.4
4.5
4.3
6.9
150
137
227
213
110
147
157
173
257
157
187
167
173
167
110
173
157
130
33
173
137
13.5
17.2
6.6
9.9
13.1
12.3
10.3
9.2
8.1
6.6
11.4
12.7
12.6
6.2
6.9
10.3
9.2
3.5
11.9
6.9
12.7
3
7
17
7
3
10
23
10
0
20
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
20
40
33
40
17
17
60
80
20
20
57
30
40
40
20
20
0
0
13
17
43
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
65
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
65
50
UL
UL
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
78.0
76.0
77.0
75.0
71.0
76.0
79.0
80.0
79.0
76.0
76.0
80.0
77.0
71.0
73.0
79.0
78.0
73.0
82.0
76.0
77.0
79.0
82.0
83.0
89.0
76.0
86.0
88.0
86.0
92.0
89.0
92.0
90.0
90.0
88.0
91.0
91.0
89.0
87.0
88.0
91.0
86.0
E-44
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
05 JULY 1988
1 PWH
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
OCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
183
130
213
193
93
53
243
187
200
257
0
240
157
150
220
187
87
83
110
177
130
8.8
10.7
5.7
6.6
11.9
9.5
5.4
4.2
6.1
5.8
0.0
6.6
7.3
6.1
3.8
6.9
4.6
3.8
1.9
6.9
7.7
177
120
203
187
117
150
120
153
217
153
203
150
170
223
137
160
177
333
20
140
137
15.7
15.0
7.7
10.7
12.3
11.9
10.7
9.5
7.3
4.3
5.8
10.4
12.2
3.9
7.3
11.9
7.3
4.7
9.2
5.8
12.3
0
0
0
47
27
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
3
7
0
0
37
UL
UL
UL
5
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
5
20
23
60
47
40
17
33
37
70
30
23
37
30
17
0
3
3
0
40
43
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
230
250
UL
UL
45
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
77.0
72.0
76.0
69.0
66.0
76.0
77.0
79.0
81.0
78.0
80.0
80.0
78.0
74.0
77.0
81.0
81.0
79.0
83.0
79.0
79.0
79.0
83.0
84.0
86.0
78.0
82.0
86.0
83.0
93.0
90.0
92.0
89.0
89.0
88.0
93.0
95.0
93.0
90.0
92.0
93.0
85.0
E-45
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
06 JULY 1988
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
173
213
280
113
233
117
207
253
240
277
280
247
143
130
263
273
233
177
290
253
297
5.4
9.6
6.6
5.0
9.2
' 5.8
4.6
5.8
8.1
6.9
7.7
6.6
7.3
4.3
7.7
5.8
5.8
3.1
7.3
6.9
4.2
173
140
310
160
120
163
227
190
230
180
323
257
250
240
273
217
223
303
123
200
127
11.1
11.9
6.1
8.9
10.7
9.9
6.9
7.3
8.8
6.5
7.3
7.3
8.4
6.5
7.3
10.7
10.3
5.4
9.5
5.7
9.9
23
17
3
20
10
53
0
7
7
3
23
10
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
140
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
40
40
43
37
40
0
10
20
20
33
10
10
13
0
0
0
0
7
13
43
120
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL-
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL .
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
83.0
81.0
76.0
75.0
74.0
78.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
79.0
82.0
82.0
79.0
73.0
78.0
86.0
83.0
78.0
83.0
80.0
80.0
84.0
86.0
88.0
90.0
83.0
85.0
93.0
89.0
97.0
96.0
97.0
96.0
96.0
89.0
100.0
100.0
96.0
92.0
97.0
96.0
89.0
E-46
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
07 JULY 1988
1 PWM
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BWI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
73
237
153
117
213
183
227
187
100
60
207
43
130
267
257
137
240
273
267
157
100
7.3
9.2
4.5
5.8
9.5
5.4
5.4
6.9
7.3
6.6
4.6
8.8
8.4
4.6
9.2
5.4
13.5
4.5
3.4
4.3
5.1
143
90
280
183
210
167
137
180
130
93
123
80
53
313
323
243
240
197
240
113
160
11.5
15.0
7.3
10.4
15.4
12.3
7.7
7.3
5.7
4.3
8.1
9.5
14.2
5.4
12.7
6.9
12.3
3.1
9.2
5.8
7.7
13
50
67
77
87
93
23
80
80
60
27
53
33
27
7
13
30
37
13
23
87
UL
100
85
100
110
140
UL
120
100
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
UL
UL
110
UL
100
85
100
110
140
UL
100
120
120
UL
160
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
100
110
140
UL
100
120
UL
UL
160
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
110
30
20
47
3
57
63
10
75
30
33
20
10
17
13
27
20
20
63
23
30
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
UL
120
190
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
190
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
83.0
85.0
79.0
79.0
76.0
78.0
86.0
85.0
80.0
80.0
83.0
85.0
89.0
73.0
81.0
91.0
83.0
81.0
87.0
85.0
79.0
85.0
83.0
90.0
94.0
84.0
86.0
98.0
82.0
95.0
97.0
100.0
96.0
98.0
92.0
100.0
100.0
93.0
91.0
98.0
99.0
91.0
E-47
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN OIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
08 JULY 1988
1
2
3
.4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BOL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
250
230
240
170
213
133
170
247
233
223
107
257
200
277
227
350
230
277
310
123
163
5.4 •
9.2
7.7
4.6
10.7
5.1
7.7
8.1
9.5
7.3
1.6
6.9
12.3
4.6
8.8
8.8
11.1
4.6
4.3
7.3
6.2
173
150
233
180
177
80
160
183
233
137
347
220
170
327
230
290
237
307
233
47
127
11.9
13.5
6.2
6.2
10.7
8.1
11.9
11.1
9.2
9.5
6.9
10.0
14.2
10.0
10.7
11.0
15.4
5.8
10.3
8.8
8.9
97
23
10
33
37
67
27
20
17
73
30
7
10
30
3
0
13
0
0
20
37
80
UL
UL
150
UL
130
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
110
130
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
13
13
17
27
47
50
17
50
20
97
70
70
80
30
17
10
7
17
10
47
65
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
170
UL
250
120
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
45
100
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
'100
UL
140
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
83.0
83.0
82.0
81.0
76.0
82.0
81.0
83.0
85.0
80.0
83.0
84.0
85.0
74.0
83.0
89.0
83.0
84.0
87.0
84.0
85.0
89.0
93.0
93.0
96.0
87.0
94.0
92.0
83.0
97.0
92.0
' 100.0
96.0
93.0
93.0
101.0
98.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
97.0
94.0
E-48
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
• TEMP
(DEG F)
09 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BOR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
247
263
293
157
240
67
163
240
180
110
0
83
160
350
287
290
220
270
283
280
107
8.8
10.3
8.8
2.7
6.9
6.6
13.0
6.9
7.7
5.8
0.0
3.5
5.8
4.2
7.7
11.9
10.7
3.8
8.8
8.1
5.8
170
177
257
257
277
183
200
170
170
140
160
117
43
213
243
283
243
270
343
293
190
11.9
11.0
6.9
7.3
8.8
4.2
9.5
3.4
8.1
11.5
9.5
10.0
6.9
10.0
9.5
15.7
18.0
6.9
11.0
15.0
7.3
80
93
97
100
100
100
30
80
100
100
43
20
25
70
33
13
17
0
0
23
100
80
90
40
80
75
65
UL
250
50
70
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
80
90
80
80
120
65
UL
50
50
70
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
70
80
90
80
80
120
65
UL
10
50
70
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
90
47
27
60
83
57
93
37
87
83
40
70
37
57
67
70
50
7
0
7
43
100
80
UL
90
200
200
210
UL
10
100
100
120
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
250
UL
UL
90
250
UL
210
UL
10
100
UL
120
UL
UL
100
150
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
210
UL
7
50
UL
80
85
40
UL
150
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
83.0
80.0
69.0
73.0
70.0
75.0
78.0
82.0
76.0
74.0
84.0
81.0
82.0
74.0
81.0
85.0
83.0
84.0
88.0
86.0
77.0
92.0
90.0
85.0
87.0
82.0
86.0
94.0
74.0
82.0
87.0
93.0
91.0
96.0
92.0
95.0
97.0
91.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
86.0
E-49
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
10 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
187
233
277
180
203
237
230
243
237
280
207
307
63
213
270
273
233
253
280
187
197
5.8
10.7
8.1
8.1
8.1
5.4
7.7
7.3
7.7
6.2
5.0
6.2
8.1
5.1
9.5
15.4
16.1
4.3
13.0
7.7
6.9
170
130
290
270
217
173
177
217
223
297
323
287
340
260
260
240
250
283
243
260
167
7.3
11.6
8.8
8.8
10.7
13.0
6.1
6.9
8.1
8.4
10.7
9.5
11.1
13.1
9.2
17.7
18.0
6.6
10.0
17.7
15.0
100
63
30
20
40
40
10
27
0
20
23
37
63
20
93
10
0
83
73
3
130
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
130
UL
UL
220
250
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
230
UL
130
UL
UL
220
250
UL
120
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
230
UL
130
UL
UL
220
250
UL
15
17
7
23
40
57
3
27
27
33
50
23
37
83
63
100
33
23
93
90
23
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
250
130
UL
UL
220
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
100
250
130
UL
UL
220
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
130
250
UL
220
220
UL
77.0
79.0
75.0
83.0
77.0
83.0
81.0
81.0
82.0
85.0
85.0
88.0
82.0
75.0
84.0
83.0
83.0
86.0
85.0
82.0
84.0
85.0
90.0
91.0
97.0
91.0
97.0
96.0
93.0
99.0
100.0
101.0
100.0
101.0
93.0
100.0
87.0
94.0
95.0
91.0
94.0
99.0
E-50
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
11 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
230
167
237
233
233
270
207
223
233
280
270
260
167
227
247
293
247
200
290
243
250
8.1
11.5
10.4
8.1
13.4
8.1
11.0
7.7
7.7
8.4
7.7
7.7
9.9
10.4
4.6
9.9
21.9
5.7
8.4
15.4
7.3
183
277
300
307
220
200
210
200
230
220
243
220
173
300
270
280
237
243
287
233
230
10.3
15.0
7.7
9.9
15.0
13.4
11.1
11.5
9.9
13.9
9.5
9.5
13.1
14.2
11.0
15.4
23.8
6.6
8.4
17.6
11.9
0
0
60
100
95
60
40
27
30
53
47
30
23
40
65
13
67
93
93
80
47
UL
UL
UL
250
150
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
UL
UL
50
16
120
UL
UL
UL
90
160
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
UL
22
100
20
120
UL
UL
UL
150
100
120
160
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
25
100
24
250
UL
10
40
65
93
90
90
50
30
63
30
63
43
33
73
80
53
27
93
73
57
80
UL
120
100
120
180
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
40
150
UL
UL
100
UL
250
100
UL
UL
150
100
120
160
UL
UL
250
UL
200
UL
UL
45
150
250
UL
100
34
120
100
UL
UL
150
100
200
UL
UL
250
UL
200
UL
UL
45
60
UL
UL
32
250
UL
100
87.0
89.0
86.0
85.0
78.0
88.0
83.0
88.0
88.0
86.0
82.0
84.0
83.0
80.0
79.0
78.0
78.0
73.0
76.0
78.0
88.0
92.0
97.0
89.0
93.0
93.0
98.0
96.0
95.0
99.0
97.0
96.0
99.0
98.0
87.0
96.0
87.0
81.0
87.0
85.0
89.0
100.0
E-51
-------
REGION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SFC
STN
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
OTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
AM
263
237
273
217
197
167
210
57
213
247
250
197
227
113
253
127
57
297
227
303
187
WIND AM WIND
DIR SPEED
(MPH)
8.1
14.2
10.3
7.7
9.2
8.8
13.9
2.3
8.1
6.6
5.8
5.4
6.9
2.2
4.2
6.9
4.2
3.4
8.8.
9.2
8.1
PM
250
227
243
217
233
180
233
120
223
233
147
290
170
207
217
217
327
340
350
280
217
WIND PM WIND
DIR SPEED
(MPH)
13.8
16.9
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.7
10.0
3.1
8.8
10.3
5.4
5.0
8.4
7.3
8.4
9.2
8.4
5.4
7.3
9.5
10.7
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
17 UL
93 100
80 80
100 50
100 30
100 9
100 55
100 80
97 50
100 80
100 100
93 120
97 31
100 22
37 13
17 UL
40 UL
27 UL
43 UL
63 UL
100 50
12 JULY
UL
100
80
70
30
9
28
80
50
80
20
120
30
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
8
1988
UL
100
70
30
80
28
80
80
14
100
65
32
25
UL
UL
35
UL
UL
30
70
PM CLD
COVER
(%)
17
73
77
87
100
100
100
100
100
83
93
100
97
87
50
40
53
55
75
83
100
1 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
UL
250
80
20
30
22
28
5
50
220
100
60
17
25
UL
UL
39
55
250
35
20
2 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
UL
150
80
22
12
22
28
11
50
220
100
100
19
28
UL
UL
80
250
39
22
3 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
UL
200
250
22
30
22
28
11
60
UL
100
30
25
27
70
UL
UL
UL
40
22
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
81.0
74.0
69.0
73.0
73.0
75.0
80.0
75.0
76.0
74.0
73.0
76.0
75.0
70.0
77.0
75.0
75.0
77.0
77.0
81.0
76.0
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEC F)
92.0
84.0
80.0
82.0
77.0
80.0
76.0
75.0
80.0
83.0
84.0
83.0
79.0
82.0
94.0
86.0
83.0
85.0
80.0
89.0
82.0
E-52
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%> (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
13 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
240
160
140
130
70
50
123
50
63
40
313
297
327
133
260
177
250
50
193
153
30
9.5
11.9
7.3
10.7
8.1
8.1
9.6
6.6
9.5
6.9
9.2
12.3
13.0
5.4
7.7
12.2
9.9
3.4
13.8
6.1
10.4
250
113
293
290
213
90
323
90
240
143
297
307
327
113
280
173
243
77
220
237
137
9.2
14.6
6.9
12.7
9.9
8.9
5.0
7.3
6.9
9.6
6.2
9.9
12.7
4.2
6.9
15.0
10.7
4.2
7.7
10.4
8.1
17
7
0
0
20
60
73
40
27
23
7
7
17
90
10
0
3
0
0
7
77
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
80
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
15
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
75
100
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
15
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
30
UL
UL
UL
UL
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
10
0
10
3
23
30
80
10
40
23
27
13
20
67
7
27
7
10
70
80
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
26
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
70
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
45
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
41
UL
UL
UL
UL
65
40
50
78.0
81.0
75.0
78.0
79.0
79.0
78.0
82.0
85.0
78.0
79.0
83.0
84.0
72.0
77.0
79.0
74.0
76.0
78.0
77.0
80.0
86.0
79.0
81.0
88.0
85.0
87.0
88.0
84.0
93.0
89.0
91.0
91.0
93.0
82.0
92.0
90.0
85.0
84.0
88.0
89.0
89.0
E-53
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
14 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BUI
OCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
167
200
230
180
237
207
290
217
250
210
230
300
353
280
237
257
243
237
240
237
193
15.0
18.4
11.9
13.4
9.2
9.2
8.1
9.2
8.1
6.2
6.2
9.5
9.5
5.4
6.9
20.8
24.2
9.2
14.9
13.0
9.2
183
197
227
180
203
167
217
187
243
223
210
240
293
283
253
290
243
260
240
217
150
18.8
22.7
14.2
18.4
15.0
16.9
8.8
13.1
11.5
16.5
11.5
11.1
6.9
9.2
9.9
21.5
21.8
4.3
17.7
14.2
11.1
10
17
13
43
77
53
10
20
7
0
17
7
3
97
40
0
100
100
50
67
50
UL
UL
UL
UL
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
15
100
UL
45
80
UL
14
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
7
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
18
UL
UL
50
80
UL
16
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
130
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
37
UL
UL
50
80
55
18
100
70
25
40
53
30
50
67
20
10
43
57
27
43
63
27
7
93
100
47
35
45
UL
UL
250
200
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
37
UL
UL
37
45
120
UL
100
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
UL
UL
60
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
85
32
UL
UL
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
60
UL
55
34
UL
UL
250
40
UL
UL
74.0
80.0
75.0
78.0
73.0
82.0
82.0
84.0
83.0
79.0
82.0
84.0
86.0
73.0
80.0
86.0
78.0
80.0
83.0
79.0
79.0
77.0
86.0
86.0
88.0
83.0
85.0
93.0
89.0
96.0
93.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
86.0
97.0
97.0
83.0
79.0
94.0
91.0
93.0
E-54
-------
REGION SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
•AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
15 JULY 1988
1 PUH
2 BOS
ORH
3 BDL
4 BDR
LGA
NEW
5 ACY
PHL
6 ABE
CXY
7 BUI
DCA
8 EKN
IPT
9 DTW
10 BUF
SYR
11 CLE
PIT
12 RIC
337
97
230
17
180
243
250
130
347
227
330
137
137
297
240
173
90
243
103
147
123
10.4
11.9
8.4
7.3
11.0
9.5
9.2
6.9
14.2
13.4
9.9
6.9
9.5
8.1
6.9
9.9
6.6
5.0
4.3
5.0
11.9
340
100
323
320
200
143
303
250
327
340
333
310
337
240
343
217
123
320
120
313
133
9.5
15.7
11.2
13.9
12.2
7.7
10.7
8.4
11.9
11.9
9.5
13.4
11.1
7.3
6.6
5.8
6.9
10.0
9.9
8.4
11.5
20
33
0
40
47
13
20
27
0
17
0
0
0
23
13
53
3
3
27
23
13
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
•UL
UL
25
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
270
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
13
23
23
23
20
20
47
10
0
37
13
7
17
27
17
63
30
17
27
30
53
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
260
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
71.0
76.0
72.0
76.0
80.0
77.0
89.0
84.0
88.0
79.0
83.0
89.0
89.0
81.0
77.0
81.0
73.0
71.0
84.0
79.0
83.0
81.0
73.0
79.0
86.0
89.0
89.0
96.0
94.0
95.0
88.0
95.0
97.0
100.0
92.0
91.0
91.0
83.0
78.0
90.0
91.0
91.0
E-55
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
16 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
143
233
253
200
233
213
213
220
223
233
283
233
167
130
207
243
193
223
237
243
217
11.2
20.4
14.6
12.2
10.7
11.1
7.7
7.7
9.2
10.0
6.6
10.7
11.9
4.5
5.0
14.2
16.5
9.6
12.2
11.1
12.6
183
233
247
203
203
170
183
177
230
223
153
190
163
263
163
227
247
253
237
230
183
8.4
18.9
11.6
11.9
16.9
18.8
8.4
11.1
12.6
15.4
6.1
12.3
15.0
8.9
7.6
22.2
22.3
8.1
13.9
15.0
11.5
87
30
40
63
57
47
20
17
17
7
30
30
23
37
33
37
43
57
25
20
23
120
UL
UL
100
80
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
140
UL
UL
70
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
110
UL
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
UL
87
80
83
93
50
67
20
0
0
3
33
7
17
30
27
53
17
33
70
37
13
130
90
100
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
120
270
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
140
80
150
UL
130
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
270
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
140
120
80
150
120
130
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
72.0
80.0
76.0
79.0
77.0
82.0
89.0
86.0
87.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
78.0
79.0
87.0
74.0
74.0
89.0
87.0
85.0
77.0
92.0
86.0
90.0
86.0
89.0
100.0
89.0
101.0
100.0
102.0
103.0
101.0
98.0
101.0
102.0
92.0
97.0
98.0
101.0
100.0
E-56
-------
REGION
SFC AM WIND
STN DIR
AM WIND
SPEED
(MPH)
PM WIND
DIR
PM WIND AM CLD 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
SPEED COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(MPH) (%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
PM CLD 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM
COVER CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(%) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
9 AM
TEMP
(DEG F)
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
17 JULY 1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BOR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTU
BUF
SYR
CLE
PIT
RIC
67
210
223
197
217
53
203
180
177
207
187
170
177
230
103
230
127
110
357
250
290
6.9
11.1
8.4
9.2
11.0
9.2
10.7
11.0
9.9
8.9
5.8
9.5
12.3
10.3
11.5
7.3
7.7
3.8
12.2
22.3
7.7
90
170
207
177
190
150
230
193
223
220
210
203
203
280
170
297
280
270
360
260
203
9.5
13.4
9.9
16.1
10.7
13.9
15.7
13.9
16.9
13.4
11.9
15.4
15.0
13.9
8.9
9.5
10.7
9.2
11.9
17.3
16.6
100
63
87
93
77
73
17
60
23
97
40
27
57
70
55
83
100
100
97
60
80
70
110
200
150
120
140
UL
4
UL
140
UL
UL
UL
250
75
UL
13
46
8
30
100
70
UL
80
180
200
140
UL
7
UL
250
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
22
15
40
8
30
100
100
80
200
180
200
140
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
250
30
21
6
40
13
35
100
100
53
63
87
60
50
7
0
27
97
70
23
37
63
90
50
73
80
80
100
33
80
UL
200
200
150
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
32
140
45
15
60
28
35
UL
110
UL
120
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
70
UL
UL
34
50
UL
21
10
29
35
UL
50
110
200
200
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
250
45
UL
UL
UL
140
UL
UL
30
29
30
UL
74.0
83.0
78.0
84.0
79.0
82.0
88.0
78.0
88.0
80.0
82.0
88.0
87.0
80.0
81.0
77.0
68.0
75.0
73.0
85.0
82.0
73.0
91.0
87.0
93.0
87.0
90.0
99.0
91.0
101.0
95.0
97.0
101.0
100.0
92.0
89.0
86.0
80.0
78.0
82.0
83.0
98.0
E-57
-------
REGION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SFC
STN
PWM
BOS
ORH
BDL
BDR
LGA
NEW
ACY
PHL
ABE
CXY
BWI
DCA
EKN
IPT
DTW
BUF
SYR
OLE
PIT
RIC
AM
303
283
340
333
240
327
120
323
77
297
0
87
107
270
163
157
233
267
193
167
233
WIND AM WIND
DIR SPEED
(MPH)
13.1
10.4
5.4
6.9
9.2
5.4
9.5
6.2
5.4
6.2
0.0
8.1
6.9
4.6
5.7
10.3
10.7
3.4
9.2
7.7
8.1
PM
200
120
300
330
240
233
177
157
213
223
20
167
157
140
113
127
263
240
183
183
187
WIND PM WIND AM CLD
DIR SPEED COVER
(MPH) (%)
10.3 47
13.0 60
7.7 13
6.2 23
11.9 23
4.6 10
8.1 27
11.0 13
7.3 10
5.7 23
2.7 23
7.3 20
8.8 30
6.9 23
7.3 7
8.1 77
7.7 33
4.7 20
8.4 23
6.9 33
10.4 30
9 AM 10 AM 11 AM
CL HGT CL HGT CL HGT
(FTxIOO) (FTxIOO) (FTxIOO)
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
18 JULY
UL
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
150
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
1988
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
140
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
PM CLD
COVER
(%)
60
27
30
13
3
60
10
0
17
20
47
20
80
10
100
50
10
90
33
17
1 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
45
UL
140
UL
120
UL
UL
2 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
250
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
55
UL
45
UL
140
UL
UL
120
UL
UL
3 PM
CL HGT
(FTxIOO)
UL
UL
UL
UL
40
UL
UL
UL
UL
50
UL
60
UL
140
120
UL
60
UL
UL
9 AM
TEMP
(DEC F)
80.0
81.0
77.0
80.0
81.0
79.0
85.0
83.0
85.0
79.0
83.0
86.0
83.0
75.0
79.0
81.0
76.0
77.0
82.0
81.0
82.0
MAX PM
TEMP
(DEG F)
85.0
83.0
85.0
89.0
86.0
92.0
96.0
88.0
93.0
94.0
94.0
95.0
92.0
89.0
92.0
83.0
87.0
90.0
91.0
96.0
95.0
E-58
-------
APPENDIX F
FORWARD AND BACK TRAJECTORIES FOR ROMNET EPISODES:
JUNE 1983
AUGUST 1985
JULY 1988
Note: trajectories were not generated for the July 1985 episode since it was not among the ten top-ranked episodes.
-------
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-------
JUNE 1983
F-3
-------
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-------
Bock Trajectory tor 10 JUN 83
ErKflng at 122
PWU (o). PVD (•). NYC (+). PHI (•). OCA (»)
Forward Trajectory for 10 JUN BJ
Beginning, at 122
BOS (o). DCA («). KTC (+). PHL (.). RIC (•)
Forward Trajectory for 10 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
DET (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN (•)
-------
Back TrajMtoiy for tt JUN 83
Ending lit 1IZ
PWM (o). PVD (•). KTC (+). PHL (•). DCA («)
Forward Trajectory (or 11 JUN 83
Beginning at 12Z
BOS (o). OCA (o). NVC (+), PHL (•). R'C (•)
Forward Trajectory for 11 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
DEJ (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN (•)
-------
BocX TraJKtny tor 12 JUN S3
Endtnjotm
PWU (o). PVD (•). NYC (+). PHL (•). OCA («)
Formal* Trajectory tar 12 JUN U
Beginning at 12Z
BOS (o). OCA («). NYC (+). PHL (•). RIC (•)
Forward Trajectory for 12 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
DET (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN (•)
-------
Bock Trojoctory for 13 JUN 83
Ending at 12Z
PWU (o). PVD («). NYC (*). PHL W. DC» (»)
Forwort Trajectory for 13 JUN 83
beginning ot 12Z
BOS (o). OCA {«). NTC (+). PHL (•). RIC (•)
Torword Trajectory for 13 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
DCT (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN («)
-------
Bock Trajectory far 14 JUN 83
Ending at 12Z
PMI (o). PVD (*). NYC (+). P"L (•). OCA («)
Forvonj TrajMtoty for 14 JUN U
Beginning at 12Z
BOS (o). DCA (»). HtC (t). PHL (•). FBC (.)
Forward Trajectory for 14 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
DET (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN (.)
-------
Bock Trajectory for 19 JUN «3
Ending at 12Z
PWM (o). PVD (•). MtC (<-). PHL (•). DC* («)
Forward Trajectory for 15 JUN S3
Beginning at I2Z
BOS (o). OCA («). MYC (+). PHL (•). RIC («>
Forward Trajectory for 15 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
DET (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN («)
-------
Bock Trabetory far 16 JUN 83
Ending at 122
PWM (o). PVD (•). NYC (+). PHt (•). OCA («)
Forvonl TraJ«ctory for 16 JUN 03
Beginning
-------
Back Trajectory tor 17 JUN S3
Ending at 12Z
PWM (o). PVD (*). HTC (+). PHL (.). OCA (»)
Forward Trajactocy (or 17 JUN 83
Beginning at 122
BOS (o). DCA («). NYC (+). PHL <•). RIC (•)
Forward Trajectory for 17 JUN 8J
Beginning at 12Z
DET (o), PIT (*). CRW (+), DAN (•)
-------
Bock Trajectory for IS JUN 83
Ending at 12Z
PWM (o). FVD (•). NYC (+), PHL (.). OCA («)
Forward Trajectory for IB JUN 83
BMlrmlng at 12Z
BOS (o). OCA («). NTC (t). PHL (•). R)C (.)
Forward trajectory for 18 JUN 03
Beginning at 12Z
DET (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN (.)
-------
Bock Tmtoctoty hr 19 JUH §3
fiidlng at I2Z
PWU (o). PVD (*). mC (+). PHL (•). OCA («)
Forvord TrajKtoty for 11 JUN 83
Beginning ot 12Z
BOS (o). OCA (»). ttrc (+). PHL (.). WC (.)
Forward Trajectory for 19 JUN 83
Beginning at 12Z
DET (o). PIT (*). CRW (+). DAN (»)
-------
AUGUST 1985
F-15
-------
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-------
Book TKjMfavy lor t AUO 86
K*>g«US
PWU (o). PVD («), Kit (+). PHL (•). DM («)
Foraard Trotaotoy for • AUO M
BHininiallJZ
BOS (•). WA WTlflC (+). PH. (•). MC (.)
-C
-^—. I
Fonwrt Traholoiy (or • AIM M
BiJMhialIZZ
OET «.). Sf(«). OW (+). MN (.)
-------
Book Trohctory for 7 MM 88
DM** at 12Z
PWI (o). PVD (•). NTC (+). PHL (•). OCA («)
4 nabetofy tor 7 MM 88
Burning at 122
BOS (o). OCA (*}>«: <+). PHL (•). MC (.)
d Mwtory far 7 MM H
-------
Book Ttalxtay for • AUO 80
tndk^gtlZZ
PWU (eX PVO M. Hit (+X ««. W. DM («)
Fonwd TrafMbxy to-B MM M
BMmkiaol tXZ
BOS M. 0« frTlWC (+). PH. (.). WC W
y for 8 MM 89
oer frx M^olaw (H aw (.)
-------
Boeh ItalMtoiy for • AUO a0
Endknatm
PWM (eX PW («). K* (+). PW- W. DC* («)
n) Trakatacy tar 8 MM M
MMngat12Z
BOS W. OCA (3TNVC (+). FHL (.). «C W
F«raar4 Tra|Mloiy ter • AUO H
B»dMMat12Z
D£T W. HfW. &W (+). QAN (.)
-------
Book Trqbotay tor 10 MM 88
EMftMoMXZ
PWU (o), PVD «. Kit (+). PH. (•). OCA («)
Forward TroUctory far 10 MX> 88
BM
! W. DCAM
Feraard Trqbetoy for 10 AIM M
B
BET (o).
-------
BockTtabotnyforllMJQSS
fc5»o»in
PMIH WO (t). K* (+X PH. M. DC* («)
Fonran) TtalMtey for f 1 MM 88
B»dnnh8o«l22
BOS R OCA (OTmc (+). PH. (•). we (.)
Ftnrord TiqlMto (or 11 AIM 88
-------
Bo* IhdMtay ter 12 AUO 88
MhgotiaZ
PW (.). PVD «. M* (+). PHI (»X OCA (»)
reran noMtoiy «r 12 «UB
iwc (+X m. M. MC (*)
Fonran) TralMtny lor 12 AUO 80
B*dmlnaat12Z
oer (ox Srt.). 3w (+). MN (.)
-------
Book Itahohvy for 13 AIM 88
MmotllZ
PWU (o). PVD (*). Hit <+). PNL (.). OCA {«)
Trabotory fer 13 MM 66
MMk>taM2Z
BOS M. OCA M MIC (+). PNL (.). MC (.)
Foraocd Trahoteiy fcr 13 MM OB
Bnnlngat12Z
oa (o). Sfjo. 5a> (+), IMN (.)
-------
Book IhriMtoiy tar UAUOM
MM* IB
t (o). PVD (•), Kit (+). M. M. OCA («)
BOS (.x OCA (nit+XPw. {.). nc {•)
""A
FonMTd TralKtoy for 14 AUO 89
BtdmtogotlZZ
on W. nre»x Sot (+). DAN (.)
-------
Book Trafaokvy for IB MM 88
MngoMlZ
I (o). PVD (•). mt (+). FHL (.). DM f»)
r<»»qn)TroJ«oto«y tor 18AUO 88
DO W. ttfSl&S M. MM (.)
A-
-------
Book IMnhfy fcr It MM 89
Mhgatia
PM M. PVB W. K* (+). M. (•). DC* («)
Foraort Traintofy lor U AUO 89
BlArtiiltlt 12Z
BOS
-------
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-------
JULY 1988
F-29
-------
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-------
4- JUL as
Backward Trajectory Ending at ' 2Z
5 JUL S8
6 JUL 88
Forward Trajectory Beginning at 12Z
-------
7JUL as
S JUL- 88
Forward Trajectory Beginning at 122
9 JUL 88
Forward Trajectory Beginning at 122
-------
1 o JUL sa
1 1 JUL. as
1 2 JUL, as
-------
JUL S8
1 A- JUL 8S
1 5 JUL SB
-------
1 e JUL as
ijectory Beginning at 122
1 7 JUL. 8S
1 S JUL. SS
-------
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-------
APPENDIX G
MOBILE4 EMISSION FACTOR TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENTS
-------
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-------
TABLE G-1. COMPOSITE MOBILE4 EMISSION FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
[NO INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE (I/M) PROGRAM]
Emission factor (g/mile)
Mean temperature
(°F)
Year
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
Daily
40
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
50
50
50
50
50
55
55
55
55
55
60
60
60
60
60
65
65
65
65
65
Range
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
VOC
Total
2.863
2.931
3.124
3.297
3.474
2.914
3.036
3.230
3.453
3.679
3.020
3.153
3.359
3.594
3.861
3.135
3.285
3.501
3.752
4.066
3.262
3.430
3.664
3.988
4.397
3.395
3.585
3.923
4.301
4.818
Evapo-
rative
0.533
0.676
0.902
1.103
1.300
0.706
0.896
1.124
1.374
1.620
0.922
1.116
1.355
1.617
1.906
1.137
1.342
1.590
1.868
2.203
1.354
1.572
1.838
2.187
2.622
1.569
1.806
2.174
2.581
3.122
Gas
exhaust
2.252
2.177
2.144
2.116
2.096
2.130
2.062
2.028
2.001
1.981
2.020
1.959
1.926
1.899
1.877
1.920
1.865
1.833
1.806
1.785
1.830
1.780
1.748
1.723
1.697
1.748
1.701
1.671
1.642
1.618
Diesel
exhaust
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
NOX
4.029
3.987
3.968
3.951
3.939
3.960
3.919
3.898
3.880
3.867
3.892
3.853
3.830
3.813
3.797
3.826
3.788
3.766
3.746
3.730
3.763
3.726
3.702
3.683
3.665
3.702
3.665
3.642
3.622
3.605
CO
27.71 1
26.947
26.602
26.312
26.097
26.456
25.745
25.378
25.086
24.864
25.288
24.625
24.261
23.968
23.721
24.198
23.578
23.218
22.905
22.656
23.179
22.599
22.224
21.932
21.572
22.224
21.663
21.293
20.889
20.533
(continued)
G-3
-------
TABLE G-1 (concluded)
Emission factor (g/mile)
Mean temperature
(°F)
Year
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
Daily
70
70
70
70
70
75
75
75
75
75
80
80
80
80
80
85
85
85
85
85
90
90
90
90
90
95
95
95
95
95
Range
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20 -
30
40
VOC
Total
3.538
3.865
4.226
4.788
5.670
3.833
4.219
4.849
5.687
6.952
4.198
4.920
5.768
6.971
8.260
4.979
5.927
7.021
8.192
9.564
6.020
7.036
8.086
9.360
11.236
6.970
7.872
9.060
10.975
14.777
Evapo-
rative
1.786
2.159
2.546
3.089
3.954
2.153
2.505
3.108
3.923
5.167
2.461
3.143
3.959
5.133
6.394
3.175
4.078
5.133
6.268
7.608
4.141
5.106
6.110
7.344
9.182
5.005
5.854
6.990
8.856
12.610
Gas
exhaust
1.673
1.628
1.602
1.621
1.638
1.601
1.636
1.663
1.686
1.707
1.659
1.699
1.731
1.760
1.788
1.726
1.771
1.809
1.846
1.878
1.801
1.852
1.898
1.937
1.976
1.887
1.940
1.992
2.041
2.089
Diesel
exhaust
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
0.078
NOX
3.643
3.608
3.582
3.530
3.486
3.587
3.503
3.444
3.394
3.351
3.454
3.377
3.320
3.272
3.228
3.331
3.261
3.206
-3.158
3.118
3.218
3.153
3.101
3.055
3.014
3.115
3.055
3.003
2.958
2.919
CO
21.330
20.743
20.403
20.962
21.491
20.385
21.393
22.217
22.987
23.716
22.103
23.372
24.467
25.494
26.543
24.264
25.845
27.272
28.697
30.016
26.950
28.904
30.726
32.506
34.270
30.265
32.562
34.930
37.258
39.586
G-4
-------
APPENDIX H
STATE SUMMARIES OF 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS
BY SOURCE CATEGORY*
* Categories with emissions < 0.005 tons/day are denoted as 0.00, but are included in category totals.
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-------
TABLE H-1. CONNECTICUT 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
VOC
0.00
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.00
0.14
0.05
0.00
2.09
6.26
0.00
0.03
0.00
2.40
11.13
1.96
1.96
15.17
53.40
68.56
0.83
1.90
0.28
0.55
16.92
0.25
6.06
0.07
26.86
1.33
5.42
2.69
1.08
0.41
0.26
7.31
18.49
43.76
7.49
37.95
14.23
1.03
8.02
0.50
3.44
11.54
3.43
49.07
97.52
1.01
0.89
NOX
0.27
2.58
1.96
0.92
0.31
2.08
4.83
0.01
0.12
1.19
0.00
0.42
0.20
0.13
15.01
0.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
2.45
0.11
3.40
5.19
1.20
0.28
0.27
13.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.02
0.65
0.39
0.08
0.04
0.49
1.10
0.03
31.93
19.87
0.03
0.12
0.04
11.05
65.83
10.65
10.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.90
6.69
0.53
1.03
148.47
0.36
21.59
0.09
193.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-3
-------
TABLE H-1. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
14.89
25.08
1.73
321.55
17.07
17.07
465.62
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
28.25
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
270.15
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
4.45
356.77
121.61
482.83
_
—
—
201.36
—
-
—
1666.20
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Polyethylene manufacturing
Rubber tire manufacturing
Styrene-butadine rubber mfg.
ALL
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
ALL
Internal combustion-aircraft
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.40
0.74
0.12
1.26
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.73
0.37
4.09
0.08
4.54
0.08
0.40
0.48
0.44
1.14
1.58
0.97
1.15
1.59
3.70
0.03
0.00
1.19
0.00
0.00
1.22
13.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
1.76
0.49
0.06
6.18
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
9.19
3.75
0.32
0.99
5.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.25
0.62
46.62
0.03
0.02
54.54
68.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.16
0.07
0.02
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.96
0.64
2.80
9.51
12.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.09
5.12
0.01
0.00
5.46
19.36
H-4
-------
TABLE H-2. DELAWARE 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Field burning
Prescribed forest burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
VOC
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.05
2.40
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.53
3.07
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.34
4.53
12.45
16.98
0.22
0.06
1.23
0.90
5.08
0.05
4.53
0.03
12.08
0.35
2.76
0.14
20.38
0.71
0.24
25.95
6.40
56.93
7.29
2.39
1.69
2.03
0.00
0.25
0.06
0.38
1.53
0.07
NOX
0.01
0.03
0.24
0.27
0.45
0.17
3.23
0.07
0.01
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.07
0.05
0.03
5.07
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.00
b.oo
0.00
0.07
0.07
0.49
5.51
1.56
0.19
0.31
0.10
8.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.80
0.20
0.05
0.77
7.62
0.00
0.02
0.01
2.43
12.14
0.00
0.00
1.84
1.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.86
0.20
2.31
1.68
44.55
0.07
16.13
0.04
68.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-5
-------
TABLE H-2. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-sotvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
7.08
17.27
4.55
5.23
0.01
49.83
0.24
0.24
139.47
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.43
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
82.80
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
1.29
86.21
30.70
118.20
_
—
53.58
—
—
520.16
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Surface coating
Utilities
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Refinery vacuum distillation
Styrene-butadine rubber mfg.
ALL
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
ALL
Automobile surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
3.07
0.19
0.68
3.95
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.05
0.26
2.23
2.23
14.76
14.76
0.29
0.00
0.21
0.50
21.69
0.00
2.75
0.00
2.75
0.09
0.58
0.28
1.65
1.07
2.90
7.48
0.04
15.93
30.03
2.65
2.65
0.00
0.00
85.53
1.52
11.84
98.89
134.31
0.00
7.01
0.00
7.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.36
0.07
0.25
0.28
0.00
0.91
1.97
31.29
31.29
0.00
0.00
2.44
0.11
0.91
3.47
43.73
H-6
-------
TABLE H-3. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
•
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-residual oil
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-residential
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
ALL
Bakeries
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg. -coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Paper coating
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.16
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.36
0.47
0.47
1.59
10.01
11.59
0.07
2.53
0.05
1.02
12.44
0.99
0.36
17.47
0.56
0.01
0.58
7.34
0.17
4.87
0.00
0.10
0.01
0.11
5.76
0.01
2.31
13.88
0.58
35.13
65.60
NOX
0.20
0.39
0.92
0.30
1.70
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.09
0.00
4.29
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
3.26
0.02
6.30
3.82
4.06
0.02
17.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.86
CO
0.12
0.10
0.18
0.03
0.23
0.00
1.89
1.07
0.14
0.01
0.02
0.22
4.00
2.54
2.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
8.92
0.09
1.92
109.18
1.43
1.30
124.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
130.65
(continued)
H-7
-------
TABLE H-3. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category VOC NOX CO
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel 0.53
Evaporative 50.16
Exhaust 17.36
ALL MOBILE SOURCES 68.05 26.78 236.01
POINT SOURCES:
Ind./lnst. Commercial/institutional-coal 0.01 1.17 0.08
Commercial/institutional-gas 0.00 0.14 0.03
Commercial/institutional-oil 0.04 1.27 0.15
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general 0.00 0.00 0.00
ALL 0.05 2.59 0.26
Other Miscellaneous noncombustion sources 0.03 0.00 0.00
Waste disposal-multichamber 0.05 0.48 5.63
ALL 0.07 0.48 5.63
Solvent use Printing and publishing 1.73 0.01 0.00
ALL 1.73 0.01 0.00
Utilities Utility external combustion-oil 0.01 0.57 0.05
ALL 0.01 0.57 0.05
ALL POINT SOURCES 1.87 3.65 5.94
H-8
-------
TABLE H-4. INDIANA 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-srte incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Publicly-owned treatment works
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
VOC
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.04
1.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.38
1.77
0.11
0.11
1.60
3.29
4.90
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.46
2.68
0.76
0.84
4.81
0.11
0.19
0.02
0.04
0.35
2.31
0.48
1.57
0.53
0.05
0.44
0.21
0.40
0.42
0.15
2.27
5.50
0.65
NOX
0.03
0.07
0.15
0.03
2.96
0.23
0.96
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02
4.74
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.00
2.84
0.82
3.11
0.04
6.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.38
0.05
0.24
0.11
0.01
4.01
0.01
0.12
3.25
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.01
1.77
10.09
0.62
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.04
0.01
0.87
23.48
1.09
3.00
29.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-9
-------
TABLE H-4. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
0.51
2.97
0.00
18.46
30.41
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.61
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
40.21
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
0.75
31.21
10.72
42.68
_
—
_
24.09
—
-
—
161.19
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Surface coating
Utilities
Rubber tire manufacturing
Vegetable oil processing
ALL
Commercial/institutional--coal
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-oil
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
10.35
0.00
10.36
0.09
3.48
3.57
8.29
1.50
2.21
12.01
0.18
0.00
0.18
26.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.36
0.07
0.06
4.22
0.00
0.84
5.59
2.78
0.02
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.95
0.06
80.01
88.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.42
0.00
0.11
0.61
2.81
0.07
2.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.01
1.52
5.00
H-10
-------
TABLE H-5. KENTUCKY 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
-
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Publicly-owned treatment works
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg. --coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
VOC
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.22
0.54
0.01
0.02
0.15
0.01
0.19
11.09
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.64
12.99
0.51
0.90
1.40
11.02
27.30
38.32
0.40
1.76
0.03
2.96
10.65
6.14
2.10
1.15
25.19
0.61
4.25
5.89
31.87
0.09
0.05
42.76
20.96
4.60
3.77
5.02
0.09
1.08
0.30
0.81
2.37
0.48
8.15
NOX
0.07
0.25
0.55
1.22
14.43
3.35
45.83
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.04
2.10
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.04
68.02
0.11
0.11
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
2.27
0.01
18.21
3.27
25.28
0.10
4.61
53.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.15
0.14
0.24
1.86
0.79
6.64
0.18
0.13
2.29
0.02
0.68
35.18
0.02
0.10
0.00
0.01
2.94
51.39
3.68
4.88
8.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.15
6.21
0.06
5.54
93.40
8.88
7.48
1.61
130.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-11
-------
TABLE H-5. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
40.79
0.38
0.01
3.28
4.99
0.04
97.12
0.15
0.15
217.93
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
122.13
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
190.30
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
3.77
233.08
85.31
322.16
—
—
~
151.03
—
-
—
1250.68
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Polyethylene manufacturing
Refinery vacuum distillation
Refinery wastewater treatment
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
ALL
Coke oven by-products plants
Iron/steel/blast furnace/sintering
Marine vessel loading
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
External floating roof tanks-crude
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
1.22
1.75
1.13
0.59
4.69
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.56
0.08
0.70
0.05
0.00
6.19
25.89
32.11
0.38
0.08
0.46
2.30
0.63
0.47
0.20
3.59
6.70
0.17
3.54
10.40
0.78
0.78
52.74
0.00
0.00
3.59
0.00
3.59
0.69
0.56
2.48
0.56
0.20
0.65
2.61
2.81
10.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.42
16.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
199.84
199.84
230.41
0.00
0.00
20.75
0.00
20.75
0.33
0.04
1.21
0.05
0.15
0.03
0.36
0.55
2.73
0.05
0.00
0.05
11.45
11.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.82
6.82
41.80
H-12
-------
TABLE H-6. MAINE 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-anthracite
Industrial fuel-coke
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/incineration
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Agricultural field burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Publicly-owned treatment works
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
VOC
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.83
0.01
0.07
5.44
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.00
6.19
12.71
0.00
0.42
0.42
6.20
16.03
22.23
0.37
0.41
0.66
0.71
10.68
0.76
3.50
0.13
17.23
1.18
1.59
0.10
2.87
13.88
3.02
3.55
2.48
0.10
0.46
0.20
0.69
2.57
0.33
8.41
22.47
0.05
NOX
0.01
0.56
0.08
0.92
0.02
0.01
0.29
0.23
0.13
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.01
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.03
0.34
4.35
0.00
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.53
0.26
4.35
3.28
3.12
0.17
0.53
12.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.14
0.02
0.08
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.05
0.37
0.03
12.78
0.03
0.25
17.27
0.13
0.02
0.17
0.01
28.42
59.85
0.00
2.31
2.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.71
1.56
1.25
1.32
93.71
1.10
12.48
0.19
118.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-13
-------
TABLE H-6. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
MOBILE
Source Category
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
voc
0.03
5.92
7.44
1.19
72.80
0.23
0.23
128.50
1.80
88.77
31.35
121.92
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.79
_
—
58.88
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
180.37
..
—
450.09
POINT SOURCES:
Ind./lnst.
Other
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial in-process fuel
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Storage tanks External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Utilities
ALL
Utility external combustion-oil
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.52
0.01
1.81
0.00
3.35
0.00
1.02
0.00
1.03
0.88
0.01
0.88
0.12
0.12
5.38
0.17
0.00
0.11
8.41
2.45
5.87
0.00
17.00
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.65
6.65
24.32
0.01
0.01
0.02
5.58
0.07
8.39
0.00
14.08
0.00
10.34
0.00
10.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
24.92
H-14
-------
TABLE H-7. MARYLAND 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-anthracite
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-residual oil
Industrial fuel-wood
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-residual oil
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Agricultural field burning
Forest wildfires
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg. --coating
Fabricated metals-coating
VOC
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.15
0.02
0.06
0.23
0.52
0.04
0.73
0.21
0.13
0.16
0.00
0.00
2.07
4.89
0.00
10.67
2.42
13.09
17.02
84.63
101.64
1.11
2.19
5.52
19.91
40.76
3.16
12.60
0.22
85.46
2.13
15.45
0.54
0.40
0.37
0.26
2.22
21.36
51.49
18.09
14.76
17.70
0.95
2.05
NOX
0.00
0.15
2.28
1.43
1.50
0.00
0.31
6.14
13.63
1.97
0.18
0.95
0.58
0.00
0.14
0.06
0.04
2.15
1.69
0.03
0.11
33.34
0.00
2.22
0.31
2.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.38
2.83
2.21
122.44
12.51
12.99
4.84
0.86
159.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.09
0.57
0.29
0.14
0.00
0.04
1.45
2.51
0.18
0.29
2.74
3.91
0.68
2.31
1.92
1.20
0.60
0.34
0.01
9.51
28.78
0.00
77.83
13.16
90.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.89
7.72
10.39
37.27
357.66
4.57
43.67
0.30
481.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-15
-------
TABLE H-7. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg. -coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
VOC
0.51
3.94
11.14
2.30
26.73
105.04
0.21
0.08
13.32
17.23
0.15
285.70
1.58
1.58
513.72
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
194.93
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
601.23
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
7.58
503.91
164.75
676.24
..
-
—
307.15
_
-
—
2488.46
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Polyethylene manufacturing
Rubber tire manufacturing
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
ALL
Coke oven by-products plants
Iron/steel/blast furnace/sintering
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
External floating roof tanks-crude
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
2.38
0.98
0.00
0.01
3.37
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.07
0.10
0.26
0.25
0.00
0.75
0.87
0.00
10.33
0.00
0.06
11.26
11.75
0.16
11.91
0.01
5.95
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.13
0.03
2.74
5.80
9.32
3.09
9.89
1.91
7.07
0.06
40.02
1.57
5.09
22.93
0.13
3.44
33.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.24
0.32
0.45
0.26
0.29
2.57
1.51
0.01
5.71
0.38
0.27
32.10
10.89
8.61
52.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-16
-------
TABLE H-7. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category VOC NOX CO
Surface coating
Utilities
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility gas reciprocating engines
Utility gas turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.22
6.18
1.08
11.00
2.11
0.04
14.23
0.82
0.00
0.37
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.00
1.25
48.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.12
202.97
5.21
21.14
1.18
0.03
1.03
0.88
232.45
305.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.73
0.44
1.77
0.16
0.01
0.25
0.20
9.56
67.54
H-17
-------
TABLE H-8. MASSACHUSETTS 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-coke
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-residual oil
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
VOC
0.00
0.12
0.08
0.15
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.11
0.08
0.13
0.01
6.74
0.01
0.12
13.81
0.04
0.00
0.16
0.00
6.59
28.16
3.50
3.50
23.52
90.89
114.41
1.31
5.99
1.61
1.45
41.28
6.53
15.62
1.01
74.80
3.66
7.82
0.12
0.99
1.30
0.01
3.73
17.63
80.29
15.65
51.80
25.41
1.86
9.44
NOX
0.44
4.12
3.34
4.92
7.54
0.10
0.21
10.35
9.93
0.54
0.01
0.38
0.00
0.02
2.62
0.01
0.00
1.52
1.13
0.36
47.55
0.44
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
7.73
0.65
8.93
12.67
26.90
0.81
4.04
62.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.03
1.03
0.67
0.45
0.97
0.05
0.05
2.09
0.90
1.57
0.08
103.19
0.04
0.42
43.82
0.33
0.00
0.42
0.23
30.26
186.59
19.03
19.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
23.43
21.11
3.04
2.72
362.18
9.45
55.65
1.41
479.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-18
-------
TABLE H-8. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
0.83
6.32
26.90
6.67
77.72
169.96
0.40
0.21
44.87
60.86
0.82
580.02
2.59
2.59
821.11
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
110.17
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
684.62
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
6.31
584.83
195.49
786.63
—
—
—
319.92
—
—
—
2811.02
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Polyethylene manufacturing
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial cogen.gas reciprocating eng.
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial oil reciprocating engines
Industrial oil turbines
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Single chamber incinerators
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
0.02
0.91
0.94
0.08
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.00
1.44
0.11
2.14
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
3.90
22.97
0.17
0.35
23.50
7.34
3.81
11.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.28
2.33
0.01
0.43
4.22
0.86
15.30
1.06
0.14
0.62
0.09
0.03
1.44
0.18
0.00
0.00
27.75
1.48
5.08
0.92
7.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.66
0.05
0.18
0.04
0.05
0.32
0.40
1.47
0.31
0.16
0.08
0.04
0.00
0.30
0.02
0.00
0.00
4.08
3.72
17.88
5.44
27.04
0.02
0.00
0.02
(continued)
H-19
-------
TABLE H-8. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Source Category
Bulk gas terminals-submerged fill
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
General wood surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
Plastic parts coating
Wood furniture coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility gas turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
voc
6.56
0.04
3.85
10.45
14.79
5.47
0.38
16.12
23.87
9.77
0.90
71.30
0.07
0.08
1.53
0.04
0.07
0.21
2.00
123.23
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.51
46.06
77.18
1.26
1.28
1.66
141.96
177.20
CO
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.07
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.59
4.79
6.83
0.78
0.29
0.63
13.91
45.20
H-20
-------
TABLE H-9. MICHIGAN 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-residual oil
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Openbuming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Prescribed forest burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
VOC
0.00
0.04
0.25
0.01
0.18
0.67
0.02
0.28
0.02
9.76
0.12
0.21
28.69
0.00
0.03
0.00
7.36
47.66
0.13
0.00
2.69
2.82
27.12
130.95
158.06
1.78
4.27
0.18
6.63
55.09
3.80
13.21
0.16
85.11
2.02
11.08
4.30
15.88
0.78
1.43
26.44
61.93
90.40
18.57
64.87
26.60
0.36
13.12
0.72
2.60
12.75
3.42
NOX
0.08
1.43
9.72
0.44
2.78
61.19
2.06
1.16
0.02
0.55
0.02
0.04
5.44
0.00
0.36
3.68
0.41
89.41
0.03
0.00
0.34
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
5.52
0.07
40.77
16.90
15.63
0.61
0.63
80.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.36
1.94
0.04
0.66
10.85
0.19
3.36
0.16
149.39
0.34
0.75
91.02
0.00
0.10
0.74
33.84
293.75
0.97
0.00
14.61
15.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
31.95
15.07
0.33
12.41
483.32
5.49
47.08
0.22
595.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-21
-------
TABLE H-9. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category
Miscellaneous industrial mfg. -coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
79.95
185.93
27.53
0.01
9.68
45.16
0.13
581.80
973.38
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
170.53
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
905.21
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
5.95
717.55
282.59
1006.09
_
-
—
393.35
..
—
—
4079.17
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Refinery vacuum distillation
Refinery wastewater treatment
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial oil reciprocating engines
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
Coke oven by-products plants
Internal combustion-aircraft
Iron/steel/blast furnace/sintering
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Single chamber incinerators
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
External floating roof tanks-crude
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
5.35
7.20
1.03
13.58
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.16
0.00
0.30
0.12
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.72
7.05
5.39
0.00
60.30
0.00
0.79
73.35
15.11
15.11
2.02
1.03
1.94
3.55
4.85
13.39
0.00
1.44
0.00
1.44
6.24
1.59
0.31
4.34
10.05
2.32
41.26
0.93
27.85
4.36
0.00
1.59
0.00
100.83
2.03
3.68
0.00
13.25
0.01
2.35
21.32
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
66.87
0.00
66.87
0.64
0.23
0.03
0.29
0.31
0.28
5.56
0.07
3.50
0.49
0.00
0.15
0.00
11.55
4.15
142.29
67.61
166.26
0.00
15.52
395.84
0.79
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-22
-------
TABLE H-9. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category VOC NOX CO
Surface coating
Utilities
Miscellaneous surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility gas reciprocating engines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
134.49
134.49
2.17
0.01
0.05
0.02
2.25
253.07
0.00
0.00
545.40
7.23
2.32
2.54
557.49
681.19
0.00
0.00
17.92
0.47
0.19
0.29
18.86
493.91
H-23
-------
TABLE H-10. NEW HAMPSHIRE 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Industrial fuel-anthracite
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-coke
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
VOC
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.87
0.01
5.06
0.00
0.03
0.00
3.91
10.00
0.00
0.45
0.45
7.81
19.07
26.89
0.44
0.43
0.78
1.13
11.25
0.05
0.85
0.01
14.94
0.10
3.34
0.02
0.02
0.13
1.80
5.40
16.50
4.13
8.87
3.45
0.40
1.18
0.38
1.23
3.81
1.44
12.87
28.78
NOX
0.06
0.44
0.41
0.04
0.17
0.02
0.25
3.27
0.14
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.45
0.14
0.22
6.63
0.00
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.56
0.31
6.92
3.45
0.19
0.04
0.04
11.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.11
0.08
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.44
0.41
0.03
13.38
0.02
16.05
0.02
0.13
0.03
17.96
48.75
0.03
2.47
2.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.96
1.53
1.48
2.11
98.66
0.07
3.04
0.01
114.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-24
-------
TABLE H-10. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
0.21
0.02
6.67
15.93
105.86
0.03
0.03
163.58
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.35
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
166.10
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
1.10
99.95
34.96
136.01
_
-
—
57.02
—
-
—
510.77
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Rubber tire manufacturing
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility external combustion-other
Utility gas turbine
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.06
0.33
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.01
1.27
0.34
0.00
0.00
1.70
5.15
0.00
0.00
5.15
0.51
0.51
0.26
0.26
3.36
0.26
0.22
0.57
4.41
0.83
0.24
0.01
0.00
0.00
1.08
13.49
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.13
0.16
0.16
0.04
0.07
4.01
0.31
0.01
0.22
5.10
0.34
0.02
0.22
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.16
8.37
0.32
0.00
0.02
52.87
58.58
0.00
0.41
0.41
0.00
0.05
6.56
0.03
0.01
0.01
10.19
8.13'
0.00
0.05
25.01
6.34
5.23
0.00
11.57
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.77
0.16
0.00
0.00
1.03
38.02
H-25
-------
TABLE H-11. NEW JERSEY 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-comm./inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Prescribed forest burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
VOC
0.01
0.00
0.12
0.18
0.11
0.04
0.23
0.08
1.65
0.03
1.94
12.48
0.02
0.01
0.17
0.00
10.71
27.81
0.00
4.42
4.42
31.38
126.92
158.30
1.97
4.50
2.40
3.94
48.43
6.73
13.59
3.18
84.74
5.75
10.53
0.37
42.23
12.33
1.37
0.05
48.02
120.64
88.67
25.31
40.34
30.07
1.67
8.96
NOX
1.42
0.04
4.16
7.14
3.63
12.33
3.55
8.69
6.91
0.04
0.11
2.37
0.01
0.00
2.23
2.47
0.59
55.69
0.00
0.56
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
5.81
0.96
24.25
14.86
27.72
5.32
12.74
92.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.09
0.03
1.04
1.43
0.33
1.59
0.84
2.17
19.95
0.24
29.75
39.61
0.16
0.09
0.62
0.49
49.22
147.65
0.00
24.06
24.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
35.24
15.85
4.52
7.38
424.90
9.74
47.05
4.46
549.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-26
-------
TABLE H-11. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
TSDFs Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
1.01
10.42
31.55
4.82
87.79
211.21
1.47
0.09
45.45
80.05
0.40
669.28
112.48
112.48
1177.68
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
148.58
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
720.85
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
12.33
847.72
317.62
1177.67 478.80 4370.59
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc. Cellulose acetate manufacturing
Ethylene manufacturing
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Polyethylene manufacturing
Propylene manufacturing
Refinery vacuum distillation
Refinery wastewater treatment
Rubber tire manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Ind./lnst. Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial oil reciprocating engines
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
0.03
0.09
0.20
0.07
0.41
0.22
0.38
3.87
0.06
1.44
0.97
7.74
0.00
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.01
0.01
0.21
0.20
0.00
0.04
0.97
1.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
12.61
0.01
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
13.26
0.01
1.89
6.47
3.57
16.04
10.27
1.58
0.25
31.02
1.16
7.04
3.41
0.05
82.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.27
0.48
0.29
1.03
0.92
0.19
0.03
1.69
0.03
0.12
0.37
3.57
9.00
(continued)
H-27
-------
TABLE H-11. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Source Category
Internal combustion-aircraft
Marine vessel loading
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
External floating roof tanks-crude oil
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof roof tanks-gasoline
Service stations -stage 1
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
General wood surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
Plastic parts coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility gas turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
voc
0.00
1.11
44.56
0.00
45.67
6.91
0.06
6.98
1.30
7.79
1.90
10.10
1.17
22.26
5.14
7.20
2.79
11.81
0.03
0.20
27.18
0.85
0.00
0.75
0.08
0.00
0.64
2.32
113.76
NOX
0.11
0.00
30.99
1.26
32.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
137.93
0.00
77.10
2.58
0.02
7.53
225.17
353.56
CO
0.01
0.00
7.46
0.25
7.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.67
0.00
4.31
0.69
0.00
1.93
11.60
29.11
H-28
-------
TABLEH-12. NEW YORK 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
;
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-anthracite
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
VOC
0.01
0.02
0.27
0.31
0.54
0.00
0.04
0.16
0.41
0.65
0.07
4.55
0.19
1.26
41.22
0.06
0.09
0.31
0.00
29.42
79.57
11.05
11.05
62.43
230.84
293.26
2.80
11.24
3.39
7.55
96.74
5.40
27.83
0.30
155.26
8.84
17.72
9.98
13.27
1.47
0.30
12.74
64.32
245.22
37.98
88.18
61.23
NOX
2.00
0.37
9.30
12.20
17.59
0.03
10.11
2.41
38.26
2.73
0.07
0.26
0.04
0.24
7.82
0.02
0.03
4.05
5.53
1.62
114.68
1.39
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.97
14.51
1.36
46.46
29.69
22.22
1.57
1.20
117.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.12
0.22
2.33
2.44
1.60
0.00
1.30
0.57
7.17
7.89
0.50
69.72
0.53
4.41
130.77
0.56
0.80
1.13
1.11
135.15
368.29
60.12
60.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.23
39.63
6.39
14.14
848.80
7.81
99.13
0.42
1066.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-29
-------
TABLE H-12. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
3.40
13.99
2.07
19.73
78.66
10.17
160.84
463.54
4.75
0.47
61.50
66.27
0.58
1318.56
14.77
14.77
1936.81
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
234.04
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1494.97
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
14.57
1544.37
551.41
2110.35
—
~
~
826.06
..
—
—
7791.02
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Ethylene manufacturing
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Polyethylene manufacturing
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial in-process fuel
ALL
Coke oven by-products plants
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Single chamber incinerators
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
0.05
0.26
7.13
1.30
8.75
0.06
0.04
1.31
0.03
0.41
2.16
6.36
0.73
0.99
9.57
21.66
0.05
81.61
0.00
0.56
0.22
82.44
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
1.86
4.53
15.06
0.13
4.95
4.29
33.09
45.50
6.16
28.36
143.92
4.27
7.27
0.99
6.64
1.97
21.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.21
0.34
1.47
0.14
1.98
0.75
2.22
2.41
1.32
14.97
25.81
0.00
60.96
0.00
4.04
7.50
72.51
(continued)
H-30
-------
TABLE H-12. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category VOC NOX CO
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
6.35
0.25
6.59
5.99
5.99
9.31
0.97
8.06
4.09
22.42
2.59
0.25
4.29
7.13
154.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
158.68
106.72
115.67
381.07
546.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.20
8.10
13.37
30.67
129.01
H-31
-------
TABLEH-13. NORTH CAROLINA 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-wood
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-wood
On-srte incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Agricultural field burning
Forest wildfires
Prescribed forest burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-civil
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
VOC
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.07
3.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.97
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.18
0.34
4.92
4.85
9.77
0.09
0.77
2.67
0.23
0.97
0.06
4.79
0.00
0.63
0.06
0.86
1.56
4.02
0.25
0.62
1.13
0.03
0.16
0.11
1.18
NOX
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.04
0.00
0.88
0.17
1.83
0.04
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
4.76
0.82
0.94
0.04
0.23
6.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.11
0.04
0.34
0.06
0.20
0.03
0.26
0.01
0.24
12.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.42
0.00
1.17
0.00
1.00
2.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.67
1.45
23.44
0.33
3.45
0.08
30.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-32
-------
TABLE H-13. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
0.25
0.07
5.02
10.32
0.12
0.16
2.88
26.32
0.00
0.00
46.77
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.74
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
46.02
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
0.62
56.51
19.26
76.39
—
—
31.31
—
—
293.26
POINT SOURCES:
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Surface coating
Utilities
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Beverage can surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.50
0.62
1.12
0.84
0.84
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.76
2.92
0.64
0.89
3.39
0.92
5.83
0.47
0.36
0.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
215.99
0.14
0.00
216.12
222.78
0.05
0.86
0.04
0.24
1.19
7.96
11.07
19.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.80
0.05
0.00
7.85
28.08
H-33
-------
TABLE H-14. OHIO 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
•
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-residual oil
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
VOC
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.30
0.14
0.52
0.77
0.03
0.52
0.11
14.85
0.25
2.14
41.34
0.00
0.11
0.04
0.00
16.78
78.00
0.44
6.57
7.01
47.15
174.15
221.30
3.04
4.33
3.24
14.99
80.42
14.38
23.75
0.04
144.19
5.90
11.70
26.02
75.82
2.49
1.74
0.07
15.19
138.93
126.05
29.15
79.81
46.07
NOX
0.58
0.71
2.04
11.83
37.89
7.85
68.27
3.40
2.18
0.13
0.84
0.05
0.41
7.84
0.00
0.03
0.49
3.82
0.93
149.30
0.09
0.83
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
5.59
1.30
92.17
24.68
59.21
1.49
0.14
185.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.04
0.43
0.51
2.37
4.88
1.86
11.08
0.31
6.31
0.85
227.30
0.70
7.50
131.16
0.01
1.03
0.14
0.76
77.11
474.35
3.22
35.73
38.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.36
15.27
6.11
28.06
705.61
20.80
93.46
0.05
923.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-34
-------
TABLE H-14. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
MOBILE
Source Category
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
voc
1.44
23.07
2.73
12.47
31.09
7.25
122.81
298.88
13.81
0.80
42.49
146.74
0.08
984.74
259.97
259.97
1834.13
20.04
1295.97
520.94
1836.95
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
335.86
—
-
~
802.53
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1437.02
..
-
—
7741.13
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc. Acrylonitrile manufacturing
Ind./lnst.
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Polyethylene manufacturing
Refinery vacuum distillation
Refinery wastewater treatment
Rubber tire manufacturing
Styrene-butadine rubber manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
0.03
6.38
0.52
6.20
3.76
0.46
0.47
3.08
0.06
2.56
23.52
0.21
0.01
0.02
0.14
0.05
0.11
0.02
0.46
0.84
0.67
0.23
0.07
0.63
0.00
3.47
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
4.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
5.12
5.35
1.16
0.37
0.33
6.35
13.22
0.10
5.01
80.69
1.73
30.48
2.38
8.97
0.01
156.16
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
174.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
175,24
3.29
0.26
0.03
0.01
0.92
5.99
0.02
0.33
12.69
1.88
3.84
0.96
2.08
0.01
32.31
(continued)
H-35
-------
TABLE H-14. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Source Category
Coke oven by-products plants
Ferrosilicon production
Iron/steel/blast furnace/sintering
Marine vessel loading
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
Bulk gas terminals-submerged fill
External floating roof tanks-crude oil
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
General wood surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
Plastic parts coating
Wood furniture coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility external combustion-other
Utility gas turbines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
voc
2.07
0.00
0.49
1.61
85.33
0.21
89.72
19.97
3.28
23.25
0.52
0.44
0.22
0.71
0.10
0.06
2.04
16.12
11.84
0.40
124.53
6.80
1.05
0.49
161.23
4.69
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.05
4.84
308.06
NOX
0.67
0.00
0.40
0.00
42.50
3.02
46.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1430.07
0.16
0.73
0.90
0.01
0.13
1432.00
1639.88
CO
2.40
0.00
59.53
0.00
493.83
19.64
575.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
43.14
0.02
0.12
0.00
0.01
0.05
43.34
826.29
H-36
-------
TABLEH-15. PENNSYLVANIA 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category
VOC
NOX
CO
AREA SOURCES:
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional--bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
0.02
0.05
0.11
0.25
0.06
0.54
1.49
0.07
0.03
1.08
52.92
0.18
0.08
0.07
0.00
10.96
67.90
7.27
7.27
77.71
163.19
240.90
2.84
7.47
2.66
9.05
94.09
8.87
16.56
0.43
141.98
10.60
18.72
8.26
104.54
10.77
1.36
5.18
18.06
177.50
138.99
30.48
59.30
38.83
1.79
16.26
2.50
11.71
3.27
1.03
3.92
9.72
1.95
8.19
134.04
0.27
0.03
0.06
10.04
0.05
0.02
0.95
1.40
0.60
175.57
0.92
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
9.65
1.07
55.69
28.87
36.52
1.66
1.74
136.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.61
0.98
1.94
0.18
1.94
23.14
0.79
0.22
16.50
167.89
1.63
0.74
0.27
0.28
50.33
267.62
39.57
39.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.78
26.36
5.01
16.95
825.55
12.83
58.77
0.61
996.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-37
-------
TABLE H-15. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
VOC
38.96
6.47
122.87
320.44
4.80
0.44
55.30
69.79
0.16
919.08
72.98
72.98
1627.63
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
312.66
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1304.05
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
21.13
1174.02
413.30
1608.45
_
—
—
726.45
..
-
—
6053.07
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Polyethylene manufacturing
Refinery vacuum distillation
Refinery wastewater treatment
Styrene-butadine rubber manufacturing
SOCMI distillation
SOCMI fugitives
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- < 1 00 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
Charcoal manufacturing
Coke oven by-products plants
Internal combustion aircraft
2.74
10.60
6.06
2.64
1.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
24.51
0.29
0.00
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.10
0.11
0.31
0.23
0.29
0.02
0.00
0.09
0.00
1.53
0.20
6.76
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.63
4.43
0.50
0.16
0.01
5.27
9.24
8.89
54.81
1.22
48.24
2.24
0.69
13.14
0.01
148.86
0.15
2.80
2.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
3.11
19.39
3.72
0.09
0.01
0.02
0.63
4.21
0.77
7.99
0.78
6.10
0.89
0.12
2.25
0.00
27.58
0.45
8.13
0.45
(continued)
H-38
-------
TABLE H-15. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Source Category
Iron/steel/blast furnace/sintering
Marine vessel loading
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
Bulk gas terminals-splash fill
Bulk gas terminals-submerged fill
External floating roof tanks-crude oil
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
General wood surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
Plastic parts coating
Wood furniture coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility external combustion-other
Utility gas turbines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
voc
2.57
8.20
38.61
0.80
0.34
57.61
35.21
3.29
38.51
0.35
0.05
0.66
2.91
2.45
0.00
0.23
6.66
23.05
7.28
7.39
13.26
45.66
2.42
0.13
99.19
4.48
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.00
0.05
5.31
233.31
NOX
0.85
0.00
71.26
0.22
4.07
81.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.46
1384.88
0.58
40.14
2.01
0.02
1.15
1428.77
1670.13
CO
111.19
0.00
747.65
8.63
34.85
911.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
38.30
0.04
3.41
0.06
0.01
0.25
42.06
1000.39
H-39
-------
TABLEH-16. RHODE ISLAND 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
•
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
Industrial fuel-residual oil
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
VOC
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
1.13
0.02
0.10
1.90
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.43
3.68
0.58
0.58
5.74
14.99
20.72
0.31
0.39
0.10
0.36
7.79
0.07
2.53
0.07
11.63
0.33
0.77
0.27
0.61
1.78
3.76
13.34
2.39
11.20
3.38
0.22
3.46
0.18
1.22
3.06
0.61
NO,
0.03
0.32
0.59
0.24
0.42
1.88
2.26
0.02
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.36
0.00
0.14
0.09
0.02
6.48
0.07
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.51
0.04
2.22
2.39
0.28
0.12
0.26
5.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.08
0.12
0.03
0.10
0.39
0.21
0.07
0.01
17.25
0.06
0.34
6.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
1.97
26.72
3.18
3.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.64
1.38
0.19
0.68
68.38
0.10
9.03
0.09
85.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-40
-------
TABLE H-16. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category
Miscellaneous industrial mfg. -coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
14.26
29.24
0.29
0.00
4.13
10.31
0.40
97.70
138.07
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.48
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
115.38
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
0.87
106.78
32.42
140.07
_
-
—
53.91
—
-
—
470.90
POINT SOURCES:
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -oil-cogeneration
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
ALL
Dry cleaning
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-splash fill
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Service stations-Stage 1
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Paper surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
2.94
2.94
0.01
3.67
0.04
3.71
0.16
0.08
0.01
0.25
0.75
2.08
4.79
3.88
11.51
0.01
0.02
0.03
18.47
0.27
0.36
0.31
0.16
1.10
0.83
0.83
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.37
1.32
7.69
9.64
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.10
0.57
0.67
H-41
-------
TABLEH-17. TENNESSEE 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
;
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-process gas
On-site incineration-residential
Open buming-commercial/institutional
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Prescribed forest burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
VOC
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.06
0.04
3.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.50
0.05
0.00
0.18
0.23
2.03
2.73
4.76
0.12
0.23
0.01
0.95
3.05
0.79
0.98
0.04
6.16
0.09
0.34
0.01
0.58
0.02
4.00
7.50
12.54
4.15
1.49
1.19
1.52
NOX
0.01
0.04
0.12
0.16
0.01
0.47
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.47
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.29
0.00
5.86
0.94
3.27
0.04
0.14
10.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
5.23
0.18
0.13
9.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.36
0.36
0.00
0.97
1.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.10
0.80
0.02
1.78
26.79
1.15
3.48
0.05
36.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-42
-------
TABLE H-17. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
0.05
0.17
0.06
0.75
1.17
0.17
1.59
8.07
0.32
1.53
1.33
23.54
0.00
0.00
50.74
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.08
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
52.86
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
0.68
61.43
18.32
80.43
..
—
—
34.24
..
-
—
284.08
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Cellulose acetate manufacturing
Ethylene manufacturing
Polyethylene manufacturing
Propylene manufacturing
SOCMI distillation
SOCMI fugitives
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
24.19
0.06
0.15
0.14
9.36
1.35
1.57
36.82
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.07
1.22
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
2.08
60.98
0.00
0.01
60.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
30.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
30.26
0.29
0.21
0.19
0.22
46.71
0.33
1.35
0.06
0.09
0.00
0.00
49.46
5.65
0.45
0.18
6.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.64
0.95
0.04
0.12
0.05
0.02
7.89
0.94
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
9.13
21.46
1.78
0.20
23.44
(continued)
H-43
-------
TABLE H-17. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category VOC NOX CO
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Printing and publishing
ALL
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.65
0.65
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.12
0.26
4.93
5.32
0.18
0.18
106.06
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
40.34
40.34
126.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.62
1.62
35.14
H-44
-------
TABLEH-18. VERMONT 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Industrial fuel-anthracite
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-coke
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Agricultural field burning
Forest wildfires
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg. --coating
VOC
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.52
4.75
0.00
0.02
0.00
2.10
7.48
0.00
0.01
0.27
0.28
4.60
10.57
15.17
0.30
0.40
0.19
1.13
7.05
0.18
2.75
0.02
12.01
0.19
0.57
0.01
0.03
0.79
8.83
1.65
3.81
1.39
0.19
0.95
0.17
0.82
2.06
0.51
5.35
NOX
0.08
0.35
0.41
0.13
0.08
0.32
0.05
0.53
0.24
0.08
0.00
0.03
0.90
0.00
0.20
0.05
0.12
3.57
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.52
0.08
6.94
2.16
0.74
0.13
0.06
10.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.21
0.10
0.03
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.13
0.06
0.22
0.02
8.00
15.06
0.02
0.06
0.01
9.66
33.64
0.00
0.08
1.48
1.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.33
1.41
0.36
2.11
61.87
0.26
9.80
0.02
81.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-45
-------
TABLE H-18. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
Source Category
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
voc
14.30
0.07
0.03
3.02
3.55
0.01
46.71
0.04
0.04
82.49
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.33
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
116.37
MOBILE SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
1.01
69.00
24.40
94.41
—
—
—
43.61
—
-
—
357.92
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc.
Ind./lnst.
Other
Solvent use
Surface coating
Utilities
Rubber tire manufacturing
ALL
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial process heat
ALL
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
ALL
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Automobile surface coating
General wood surface coating
Paper surface coating
Wood furniture coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility external combustion-other
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.09
0.00
0.00
2.11
0.12
2.23
0.09
0.92
0.03
0.81
1.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00
1.05
5.21
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.49
0.00
0.01
0.27
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.10
0.03
3.41
0.01
3.93
4.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.39
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.01
0.01
4.88
0.00
5.02
5.48
H-46
-------
TABLEH-19. VIRGINIA 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
AREA SOURCES
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Source Category
.
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-bituminous
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-sKe incineration-commercial/inst.
On-site incineration-industrial
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-anthracite
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Prescribed forest burning
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
Synthetic fibers manufacturing
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg.-coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
VOC
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.03
0.08
0.13
0.28
0.09
0.05
0.44
0.22
26.58
0.00
0.09
0.04
0.00
14.45
42.61
0.39
0.00
2.52
2.91
42.29
96.35
138.64
1.82
2.92
3.73
8.28
36.79
16.18
11.46
1.53
82.71
3.07
14.74
0.81
7.85
1.69
0.48
55.83
12.27
96.74
67.42
17.24
19.02
28.25
0.78
2.66
1.83
10.05
NOX
0.04
0.55
1.41
2.82
0.95
21.85
2.00
25.05
0.36
0.06
0.02
0.04
5.04
0.00
0.03
0.57
0.62
0.80
62.22
0.08
0.00
0.32
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
3.77
1.49
50.93
11.29
66.64
1.72
6.12
142.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.33
0.35
0.56
0.09
2.82
0.47
4.17
1.03
0.38
6.74
0.77
84.32
0.04
0.80
0.16
0.12
66.37
169.52
2.88
0.00
13.69
16.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
32.62
10.28
7.02
15.50
322.76
23.41
40.51
2.14
454.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-47
-------
TABLE H-19. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
MOBILE
Source Category
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg. --coating
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
VOC
12.54
1.94
43.80
143.95
1.35
0.02
20.25
20.03
5.02
396.14
7.47
7.47
767.23
11.67
760.39
269.65
1041.71
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
205.19
—
-
—
458.99
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
640.34
—
-
—
4061.91
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc. Cellulose acetate manufacturing
Ind./lnst.
Other
Green tire spray
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Polyethylene manufacturing
Refinery vacuum distillation
Rubber tire manufacturing
Vegetable oil processing
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-oil
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial oil reciprocating engines
Industrial process heat
Industrial space heating
ALL
Charcoal manufacturing
Coke oven by-products plants
Marine vessel loading
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
5.83
1.43
1.31
0.19
2.27
8.09
2.28
21.39
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.31
2.27
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
2.70
4.79
0.26
1.21
135.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.87
0.00
0.00
0.87
1.21
0.06
2.19
0.04
3.51
1.83
8.11
79.70
7.41
0.06
0.00
0.73
0.00
104.85
0.00
0.04
0.00
49.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.54
0.00
0.00
2.54
0.54
0.01
0.28
0.40
0.26
0.36
0.80
6.07
10.55
0.01
0.00
0.18
0.00
19.47
5.25
0.73
0.00
60.96
(continued)
H-48
-------
TABLE H-19. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Solvent use
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
Source Category
Pulp/paper manufacturing
Single chamber incinerators
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
Dry cleaning
Printing and publishing
Solvent metal cleaning
ALL
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
Bulk gas terminals-submerged fill
External floating roof tanks-crude oil
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
Service stations-Stage 1
ALL
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
General wood surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Wood furniture coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-gas
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility gas turbines
Utility oil turbines
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
voc
0.08
0.28
0.07
141.94
0.18
34.31
3.11
37.60
3.35
2.03
0.11
4.94
0.79
0.06
0.05
11.32
33.57
10.79
4.29
0.60
8.62
57.87
0.67
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.77
273.59
NOX
2.73
0.19
0.72
52.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
230.15
1.06
3.50
0.10
0.10
234.90
393.36
CO
30.03
1.90
0.41
99.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.49
0.14
0.44
0.03
0.02
7.12
128.42
I-W9
-------
TABLE H-20. WEST VIRGINIA 1985 BASE CASE EMISSIONS BY SOURCE CATEGORY
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category
VOC
NOX
CO
AREA SOURCES:
Combustion
Fires
Gas marketing
Off highway
Other
Solvent use
Commercial/institutional-anthracite
Commercial/institutional-distillate oil
Commercial/institutional-natural gas
Commercial/institutional-residual oil
Industrial fuel-bituminous coal
Industrial fuel-distillate oil
Industrial fuel-natural gas
On-site incineration-residential
Open burning-industrial
Open burning-residential
Residential fuel-bituminous coal
Residential fuel-distillate oil
Residential fuel-natural gas
Residential fuel-wood
ALL
Forest wildfires
Structural fires
ALL
Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
Gasoline marketing
ALL
Aircraft landingsAakeoffs-civil
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-commercial
Aircraft landings/takeoffs-military
Off-highway diesels
Off-highway gasoline vehicles
Railroad locomotives
Vessels-coal
Vessels-diesel
ALL
Bakeries
Cutback asphalt paving
Oil/gas production fields
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Pharmaceuticals manufacture
Publicly-owned treatment works
SOCMI fugitives
ALL
Architectural coating
Auto body repair
Degreasing
Dry cleaning
Electrical equipment mfg. -coating
Fabricated metals-coating
Flat wood product coating
Furniture mfg.-coating
Graphic arts and printing
Machinery manufacturing-coating
Miscellaneous industrial mfg.-coating
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.19
0.18
0.08
16.75
0.03
0.00
0.00
6.03
23.53
0.03
1.14
1.17
11.60
25.55
37.15
0.64
0.57
0.63
2.28
12.41
3.02
3.27
5.90
28.72
0.96
2.83
10.63
2.42
0.16
0.10
31.57
48.68
22.70
1.94
2.70
4.97
0.06
1.01
0.26
0.82
2.00
0.28
7.82
0.09
0.48
1.43
0.01
0.48
3.31
16.29
0.01
0.02
3.18
0.01
0.05
0.42
0.33
26.10
0.01
0.14
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.73
0.25
14.02
3.81
12.43
0.15
23.61
55.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.12
0.29
0.00
0.06
0.79
2.22
2.69
0.27
53.14
0.23
0.01
0.08
27.69
87.59
0.21
6.20
6.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.38
2.00
1.19
4.27
108.85
4.37
11.67
8.26
152.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
H-50
-------
TABLE H-20. (continued)
Emissions, tons/day
TSDFs
MOBILE
Source Category
Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
Motor vehicle manufacturing-coating
Other transportation equipment coating
Paper coating
Rubber and plastics mfg.-solvent
Ship coating
ALL
Hazardous waste TSDF
ALL
ALL AREA SOURCES
SOURCES:
Diesel
Evaporative
Exhaust
ALL MOBILE SOURCES
voc
43.40
0.21
0.02
1.44
4.61
0.01
94.23
297.10
297.10
530.58
2.90
204.67
71.85
279.42
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
81.47
—
-
—
127.24
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
246.01
..
-
~
1082.05
POINT SOURCES:
Chem. Proc. Carbon black manufacturing
Ind./lnst.
Other
Paint and varnish manufacturing
Petroleum refinery fugitives
Polyethylene manufacturing
Refinery wastewater treatment
SOCMI fugitives
SOCMI reactors
ALL
Commercial/institutional-coal
Commercial/institutional-gas
Commercial/institutional-other
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- <100 MMBTU
Industrial ext. comb, -gas- general
Industrial ext. comb, -oil- general
Industrial ext. comb, -coal
Industrial ext. comb, -nonfossil
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial in-process fuel
Industrial process heat
ALL
Coke oven by-products plants
Ferrosilicon production
Iron/steel/blast furnace/sintering
Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
Waste disposal-multichamber
ALL
2.37
0.00
0.65
6.00
1.42
5.69
16.67
32.80
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.19
0.00
0.24
0.02
0.20
4.02
4.71
3.47
3.87
7.46
42.57
0.00
57.38
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.24
0.12
0.01
7.38
1.82
3.00
51.69
0.19
37.70
1.34
0.12
32.03
135.63
0.12
0.01
0.97
31.11
0.01
32.21
147.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.35
174.28
0.21
0.03
0.04
1.07
0.74
0.27
3.73
0.00
5.32
0.60
0.00
0.15
12.17
1.12
0.00
128.42
97.28
0.02
226.84
(continued)
H-51
-------
TABLE H-20. (concluded)
Emissions, tons/day
Source Category VOC NOX CO
Storage tanks
Surface coating
Utilities
x
Bulk gas terminals-not balanced
External floating roof tanks-crude oil
External floating roof tanks-gasoline
Fixed roof tanks-crude oil
Fixed roof tanks-gasoline
ALL
Aircraft coating
Automobile surface coating
Beverage can surface coating
Miscellaneous surface coating
Wood furniture coating
ALL
Utility external combustion-coal
Utility external combustion-oil
Utility external combustion-other
ALL
ALL POINT SOURCES
0.21
0.01
0.15
1.06
0.53
1.96
39.36
2.07
3.09
1.82
2.97
49.30
3.25
0.01
0.06
3.31
149.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
943.17
0.37
0.18
943.72
1111.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
27.89
0.08
0.26
28.23
441.67
H-52
-------
APPENDIX I
PERCENT CHANGE IN REGIONAL EMISSIONS FOR
PHASE I SCENARIOS
AND
PERCENT CHANGE IN EMISSIONS FOR
SELECTED URBAN AREAS
FOR PHASE I AND PHASE II SCENARIOS
(ALL ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES)
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
PERCENT CHANGE IN REGIONAL EMISSIONS FOR
PHASE I SCENARIOS
1-3
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
VOC Emissions
Northeast Corridor
BS85« BS05* CS01 Bio
Emissions Scenario
Point
Area
Mobile
Biogenic
Values above bars: Percent reduction from 2005 and from (1985)
VOC Emissions
USA Portion of the Domain Excluding NE Corridor
8S85« BS05« CS01 Bio
Emissions Scenario
Point B8S$88i Area W////A Mobile ^H
Values above bars: Percent reduction from 2005 and from (1985)
Biogenic
Figure 1-1. Regional VOC emissions for Phase I scenarios: the Northeast Corridor and the U.S.
portion of the ROMNET domain.
I-5
-------
NOx Emissions
Northeast Corridor
BS85« BS05« CS01
Emissions Scenario
R^y^i Point E8JS883 Area W/////A Mobile
Values above bars: Percent reduction from 2005 and from (1985)
NOx Emissions
USA Portion of the Domain Excluding NE Corridor
BS85. BS05« CS01
Emissions Scenario
R^^ Point ES88J8I Area V/MM Mobile
Values above bars: Percent reduction from 2005 and from (1985)
Figure 1-2. Regional NOX emissions for Phase I scenarios: the Northeast Corridor and the U.S.
portion of the ROMNET domain.
1-6
-------
CO Emissions
Northeast Corridor
BS85* BS05» CS01
Emissions Scenario
kW^I Point E85S88I Area E%?%
Values above bars: Percent reduction from
&/////A Mobile
2005 and from (1985)
CO Emissions
USA Portion of the Domain Excluding NE Corridor
400 H
D
a
o 200-
o
'8 100-1
'E
u 50^
(40)
(48)
1 4
BS85« BS05> CS01
Emissions Scenario
R^^SJ Point BSSSJoU Area V/////A Mobile
Values above bars: Percent reduction from 2005 and from (1985)
Figure I-3. Regional CO emissions for Phase I scenarios: the Northeast Corridor and the U.S. por-
tion of the ROMNET domain.
I-7
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
PERCENT CHANGE IN EMISSIONS FOR
SELECTED URBAN AREAS
FOR PHASE I AND PHASE II SCENARIOS
1-9
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
TABLE 1-1.
Percent change from 1 985 BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON, DC
Phase I *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
VOC
-29
-55
-55
-55
-42
-65
-75
-42
-75
-75
-75
-75
-88
-89
-89
-51
-79
NOX
-1
-1
-1
-1
29
-29
-45
-45
29
-26
20
-45
-45
-45
10
29
16
CO
-44
-51
-51
-51
-46
-52
-55
-46
-55
-55
-55
-56
-55
-56
-56
-44
-53
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent
VOC
-36
-36
-36
-39
-56
0
-56
-56
-56
-57
-80
-80
-80
-14
-64
change from 2005
NOX
0
0
0
-45
-57
-57
0
-42
-7
-57
-57
-57
-15
0
-10
CO
-11
-11
-11
-11
-17
0
-17
-17
-17
-17
-17
-17
-17
4
-13
* Mobile3.9 values used
1-11
-------
TABLE 1-2.
Percent change from 1 985
Phase I *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
•CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
VOC
-31
-64
-64
-64
-37
-60
-77
-37
-77
-77
-77
-77
-77
-77
-77
-42
-60
NOX
-9
-9
-9
-9
-16
-32
-56
-56
-16
-43
-25
-56
-56
-56
-56
-16
-46
PHILADELPHIA
CO
-46
-50
-50
-50
-49
-53
-57
-49
-57
-57
-57
-58
-57
-58
-58
-45
-54
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent change from
VOC
-48
-48
-48
-37
-63
0
-63
-63
-63
-64
-63
-64
-64
-8
-37
NOX
0
0
0
-20
^8
-48
0
-32
-11
-48
-48
-48
-48
0
-36
2005
CO
-7
-7
-7
-8
-16
0
-16
-16
-16
-17
-16
-17
-17
8
-11
Mobile3.9 values used
1-12
-------
TABLE 1-3.
Percent
Phase 1 *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
change from 1985
VOC
-19
-55
-55
-55 ,
-37
-70
-74
-37
-74
-74
-74
-74
-91
-91
-91
-45
-80
NOX
-8
-8
-8
-8
-18
-30
-58
-58
-18
-40
-32
-58
-32
-36
-36
-18
-31
NEW YORK CITY
CO
-44
-50
-50
-50
-48
-54
-59
-48
-59
-59
-59
-59
-59
-59
-59
-44
-56
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent change from
VOC
-45
-45
-45
-51
-58
0
-58
-58
-58
-59
-85
-85
-85
-11
-69
NOX
0
0
0
-14
-48
-48
0
-27
-17
^8
-17
-22
-22
1
-15
2005
CO
-11
-11
-11
-11
-20
0
-20
-20
-20
-21
-20
-21
-21
8
-15
Mobiles.9 values used
1-13
-------
TABLE 1-4.
Percent
Phase 1 *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
change from
VOC
6
-47
-47
-47
-16
-57
-66
-16
-66
-66
-66
-66
-66
-66
-66
-24
-49
1985
NO,
-6
-7
-7
-7
2
-29
-51
-51
2
-32
-13
-51
-51
-51
-51
3
-38
BOSTON
CO
-35
-41
-41
-41
-39
-45
-50
-39
-50
-50
-50
-50
-50
-50
-50
-35
-47
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent change from 2005
VOC
-50
-50
-50
-49
-60
0
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-9
-39
NOX
0
0
0
-31
-52
-52
0
-34
-15
-52
-52
-52
-52
0
-39
CO
-10
-10
-10
-10
-18
0
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
6
-13
* Mobiles.9 values used
1-14
-------
TABLE 1-5.
Percent change from 1 985
Phase I *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
VOC
-34
-60
-34
-60
-43
-56
-76
-43
-76
-76
-76
-76
-76
-76
-76
-42
-64
NOX
2
2
2
2
-5
-38
-64
-64
-5
-57
-11
-64
-64
-64
-64
-5
-51
PITTSBURGH
CO
-46
-50
-46
-50
-48
-45
-56
-48
-56
-56
-56
-56
-56
-56
-56
-45
-54
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent change from
VOC
-39
0
-39
-23
-58
0
-58
-58
-58
-58
-58
-58
-58
1
-37
NOX
0
0
0
-34
-62
-62
0
-55
-6
-62
-62
-62
-62
0
-49
2005
CO
-7
0
-7
5
-16
0
-16
-16
-16
-17
-16
-17
-17
5
-12
* Mobiles.9 values used
1-15
-------
TABLE 1-6.
Percent change from 1985
Phase I *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
VOC
-24
-62
-24
-62
-38
-55
-77
-38
-77
-77
-77
-77
-77
-77
-77
-37
-64
NOX
-10
-10
-10
-10
-20
-35
-57
-57
-20
-42
-31
-57
-57
-57
-57
-20
-48
CLEVELAND
CO
-47
-56
-47
-56
-52
-55
-63
-52
-63
-63
-63
-63
-63
-63
-63
-51
-60
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent change from 2005
VOC
-50
0
-50
-27
-64
0
-64
-64
-64
-64
-64
-64
-64
1
-42
NO,
0
0
0
-19
-47
-47
0
-27
-14
-47
-47
-47
-47
0
-35
CO
-17
0
-17
-8
-24
0
-24
-24
-24
-23
-24
-23
-23
1
-18
Mobile3.9 values used
1-16
-------
TABLE 1-7.
Percent
Phase 1 *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
change from 1 985
VOC
-11
-55
-11
-55
-30
-50
-74
-30
-74
-74
-74
-74
-74
-74
-74
-30
-59
NOX
3
3
3
3
-2
-33
-60
-60
-2
-51
-8
-60
-60
-60
-60
-1
-47
DETROIT
CO
-37
-45
-37
-45
-43
-45
-54
-43
-54
-54
-54
-54
-54
-54
-54
-42
-51
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent change from
VOC
-49
0
-49
-29
-63
0
-63
-63
-63
-63
-63
-63
-63
1
-41
NOX
0
0
0
-32
-60
-60
0
-51
-6
-60
-60
-60
-60
0
-46
2005
CO
-13
0
-13
-3
-20
0
-20
-20
-20
-19
-20
-19
-19
1
-14
Mobile3.9 values used
1-17
-------
TABLE 1-8.
Percent
Phase 1 *
BS05
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
BS05
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
change from
VOC
-43
-79
-43
-79
-5
-78
-85
-5
-85
-85
-85
-85
-85
-85
-85
-6
-68
1985
NOX
-21
-21
-21
-21
-25
-54
-78
-78
-25
-75
-27
-78
-78
-78
-78
-25
-67
CHARLESTON,
CO
-44
-53
-44
-53
-49
-52
-61
-49
-61
-61
-61
-64
-61
-64
-64
-52
-61
WV
Phase I *
CS01
CS02
CS03
Phase II
CS05
CS10
CS11
CS12
CS13
CS14
CS15
CS16
CS18
CS19
CS20
CS23
Percent
VOC
-62
0
-62
-77
-84
0
-84
-84
-84
-84
-84
-84
-84
0
-66
change from
NOX
0
0
0
-38
-71
-71
0
-67
-2
-71
-71
-71
-71
-1
-56
2005
CO
-16
0
-16
-7
-25
0
-25
-25
-25
-29
-25
-29
-29
-7
-24
* Mobile3.9 values used
1-18
-------
APPENDIX J
PROJECTION AND CONTROL METHODOLOGIES
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
J.1 INTRODUCTION
This Appendix provides the methodologies used for applying growth factors and controls in developing
emissions inventories for the 2005 baseline scenario and the ROMNET strategies. Included are the
algorithms and procedures for handling point, area, and mobile sources. Also, described is the
approach adopted for acquisition of growth rates used to project the 1985 emissions to 2005.
J.2 POINT AND AREA SOURCES
The methodology used in ROMNET for computing projection/strategy point- and area-source emissions
is shown in Table J-1. Equation 1 depicts the basic algorithm, employed for a given emissions category
where the ROMNET control strategy supersedes the applicable New Source Performance Standard
(NSPS) or where no NSPS exists. Calculation of future emissions is more complicated (Equation 4) if an
NSPS exceeds the applicable ROMNET strategy, because the NSPS requirements apply only to new,
modified, and reconstructed emissions sources.
Projection and control factors were applied to annual emissions. Typical summer weekday, Saturday,
and Sunday emissions were calculated from the future annual emissions using allocation factors and
procedures described in Section 4.
The algorithms in Table J-1 were implemented at the finest level of detail allowed by the point and area
source inventories, with Equation 1 or Equation 4 applied to each emissions entry. In the point source
inventory, growth and control factors were applied to each individual source. For area sources, the
factors were applied at the county and emissions category level. In this way, growth in an emission
category was spread equally among all of the individual sources in the category.
Growth rates (r in Table J-1) used in the projection algorithm vary by State and Canadian Province, and
also vary for the different industrial categories within each State. Growth factors were the same for all
pollutants emitted by a given source, because the growth factor represents an increase or decrease in
the basic activity that causes emissions. In general, each point source was assigned a growth rate
based on its two-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. For utilities and industrial cogener-
ation, growth factors were applied on a more detailed level, based on the fuel burned and the combus-
tion method. Industrial area source categories were also assigned to two-digit SIC groups for projection
purposes. Future emissions from nonindustrial area sources were projected based on population
growth. The development of growth factors used to project the 1985 base case to 2005 is discussed in
Section J.4.
J-3
-------
ROMNET control strategy efficiencies (Effaces in Table J-1) were applied for the entire region, for the
Northeast Corridor, or at the State, Metropolitan Statistical area (MSA), or county level. The degree of
spatial resolution deipended on the specific control scenario. NSPS efficiencies (Effusps) were applied
regionwide, and exiting control efficiencies for 1985 (Eff1985) were applied at the State or county level.
All three of these efficiencies naturally depend on the emissions category.
Growth factors, control strategy efficiencies, NSPS control efficiencies, and existing control efficiencies
were applied by emissions 'pod' for point sources. Each area-source category was treated separately
for the purpose of applying growth factors and controls.
The 80 point-source emissions pods are listed in Table J-2. Roughly half of the pods represent industrial
VOC emissions, while the remainder represent combustion sources, which were of concern mainly
because of their NOX emissions. The ROMNET area-source inventory was divided into the 64 separate
categories listed in Table J-3. These categories were derived from the 109 NAPAP and NEDS catego-
ries but excluding highway vehicles (which were treated separately from other area sources) and par-
ticulate emissions categories. Some of the 109 original source categories were eliminated because they
do not emit VOC, NOX, or CO. Of the 64 area source categories, about half represent VOC emissions,
while the remainder represent area source combustion emissions. The ROMNET highway mobile
source inventory weis based on the twelve original NEDS categories. It consists of four vehicle types
(light duty gasoline vehicles, light duty gasoline trucks, heavy duty gasoline vehicles and heavy duty
diesel vehicles), each allocated to three road type/speed classes (limited access, rural, and urban).
Control efficiencies also depend on the pollutant being controlled, although measures designed to
control one pollutani: often control the other two as well. NOX controls were assumed to apply equally to
NO and NOa- Likewise, a VOC control measure was assumed to apply uniformly to all VOC species,
unless it was designed to reduce VOC reactivity by changing the species mix.
J.3 MOBILE SOURCES
The general algorithm used to estimate projection/strategy mobile-source emissions is illustrated in
Table J-4. Because of the temperature sensitivity of mobile source emissions, the mobile projection
algorithm was designed so that day-specific inventories could be generated to reflect temperatures at
the grid level. The projected mobile inventory for a given ROMNET strategy comprises three separate
data sets. The first data set includes "uncontrolled" emissions for 2005, evaluated at an 85° F daily mean
temperature and a diurnal variation of 75°F - 95°F. Emissions entries in this data set correspond to the
^2005 variable in Table J-4. These were projections of the emissions that would occur in 2005, neglect-
J-4
-------
ing local inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs and assuming that tailpipe and evaporative emis-
sions remain at 1985 levels on a per mile basis. The 2005 uncontrolled emissions data set is generated
from 1985 emissions (see Equations 2 and 3 in Table J-4) using State-specific growth rates for vehicle
miles travelled (VMT). Emissions were recorded at the grid and county level for VOC, NOX, and CO
species. In addition, separate entries were included for evaporative, gasoline exhaust, and diesel VOC
emissions. The separation of mobile source VOC into these components allows for later adjustments to
VOC speciation to account for temperature variations and differential control efficiencies, as described
in Section 4.
The second data set is a table of 2005/strategy emission factors for different combinations of mean daily
temperatures and diurnal temperature range. The table covers mean temperatures from 40°F to 95°F
and diurnal variations from 0°F to 40°F. Emission factors were tabulated for total VOC, NOX, CO, and
three VOC components: evaporative, gasoline exhaust, and diesel exhaust. The 2005/strategy emission
factor table is specific to the projection/strategy being studied, and generally takes into account all
region-wide control measures such as gasoline Reid vapor pressure (RVP) standards and Federal tail-
pipe standards. The 2005/strategy emission factor table is used in conjunction with 1985 emission fac-
tors to calculate regional control adjustment factors (CFreg, Equation 4). The 1985 factors in this
calculation were for a daily mean temperature of 85°F and a diurnal range of 20°F, matching the
temperature basis of the 'uncontrolled' emissions data set. Factors for 2005/strategy scenarios were
selected on a grid-specific basis to correspond with grid-level temperature profiles. These control fac-
tors represent the change in vehicle emission factors over time due to the vehicle tailpipe standards
under consideration in a particular scenario and turnover of the vehicle fleet, as well as any additional
controls applied across the entire domain.
The third data set contains county-level control efficiencies (Effco) for VOC, NOX, CO and the three
mobile-source VOC components (evaporative, gasoline exhaust, and diesel exhaust). These efficien-
cies cover control measures that were not already taken into account in the regional adjustment, such as
I/M programs applied at the MSA level. They may also be adjusted for temperature, depending on their
temperature-sensitivity. These were converted to county-level emissions adjustment factors (CFCO,
Equation 5).
To create the final day-specific inventory, regional and county-level control factors were applied to the
2005 uncontrolled emissions data set at the grid level (Equation 1). The factors were applied to total
VOC, NOX, CO, and the three mobile-source VOC components. Because the three mobile-source VOC
components have different species breakdowns and different responses to temperature and controls,
the final VOC speciation may differ considerably from that recorded in the 2005 uncontrolled emissions
J-5
-------
data set. Thus, the overall VOC species breakdown was recalculated for the final inventory (Equation 6).
The final speciation is day-specific and also varies from grid-to-grid, depending on grid-level daily tem-
perature profiles.
J.4 GROWTH FACTORS
Growth rates for the U.S. portion of the ROMNET domain were developed in an interactive process
involving State representatives. First, national projection data bases were used to compile a preliminary
set of State- and category-specific growth rates. The preliminary growth rates for each State were then
forwarded to the State's Emissions Committee representative for review. If State-developed projections
were available, these were used in place of the preliminary estimates.
Preliminary growth rates for most emissions categories were taken from projections made by the U.S.
Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA, 1986). The BEA develops State-specific
estimates of increases or decreases in employment in about 80 different industrial categories that cor-
respond closely to 2-digit SIC groups. BEA employment projections for the year 2005 assume an overall
growth in Gross National Product (GNP) of about 2.4 percent per year from 1985. For ROMNET
projections, industrial activity and, by extension, uncontrolled emissions, were assumed to be propor-
tional to employment in a given industrial category. BEA population projections were used to estimate
growth in nonindustrial categories such as consumer solvent use.
Growth rates for mobile sources were taken from the Faucett model (Faucett, 1988) for forecasting
vehicle miles travelled (VMT). A single growth rate was used for all highway vehicles in a given State,
and the growth in emissions was assumed to be proportional to the growth in VMT.
Projections generated by the Advanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM) were used for utility fuel
combustion.1 The ROMNET growth rates for utility combustion were derived from the latest available
AUSM simulation, known as the 1987 Interim Base Case. AUSM predicts emissions increases for NOX,
SO2, and paniculate matter. In ROMNET, growth rates for utility VOC and CO emissions were assumed
to be equal to the NOX growth rate.
In many of the Northeast States, the strong demand for electricity is expected to promote construction of
new industrial cogeneration units. The BEA growth rates for industrial combustion categories were
augmented to reflect predicted increases in industrial cogeneration. Under the assumption that
employment is a surrogate for industrial activity, however, the BEA projections should account for fuel
1. Computerized data provided by Chris Peterson, SAIC, to Alliance Technologies Corporation. December 8,1988.
J-6
-------
needed in the industrial process, but not for any fuel used to produce electricity in an industrial cogen-
eration unit. State-level cogeneration increases for the final industrial fuel calculations were obtained
from an intermediate AUSM output.
As noted earlier, all of the growth rates for the U.S. portion of the domain were subject to review by State
Emissions Committee representatives. Only a few States replaced the preliminary State-level growth
estimates with their own projections. Most of the State projections that were submitted pertained to
utility emissions or cogeneration emissions. Two States provided detailed projections of industrial
activity. No changes were received for the VMT growth estimates.
General growth rates by State and SIC are given in Table J-5. Table J-6 gives growth rates for utilities,
industrial combustion, and mobile sources. All growth rates for Ontario were provided by Environment
Canada.2
2. Memo from Arthur Sheffield, Socioeconomic Analysis Division, Environment Canada, to Roger Cawkwell. Informetrica Fore-
cast Growth Rates for Ontario in 2005. January 4,1989.
J-7
-------
TABLE J-1 . EQUATIONS USED TO PREDICT FUTURE POINT- AND AREA-SOURCE EMISSIONS
For emissions that were not affected by the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) or where
the applied ROMNET control strategy supersedes the NSPS:
£ 2005 = £ ,985 XGFX(l-RF) (1)
100 -Eff
For cases where an NSPS has a higher efficiency than the applied ROMNET control strategy:
^2005 = E ,98s x CF x [(New x ( 1 - NSPS)) x (( 1 - New) x ( 1 - GF))] (4)
New = GF- 1 + 0.6 (5)
100 -
Variable definitions:
£2005 estimated emissions in 2005 baseline or strategy (tons/year)
E1985 1985 emissions (tons/year)
GF growth factor from 1985 to 2005 in the activity causing emissions (dimensionless)
RF control reduction factor (dimensionless)
r growth rate (percent/year)
Eff2oo5 control efficiency for the 2005 baseline or strategy inventory (percent)
Eff 1985 control efficiency in the initial 1985 inventory (percent)
New the fraction of current emissions that will be covered by the NSPS in 2005, including new
growth and construction to replace retiring existing sources (dimensionless)
0.6 reconstruction and modification factor between 1985 and 2005 (3 percent/year)
NSPS reduction factor for the NSPS (dimensionless)
NSPS control efficiency (percent)
J-8
-------
TABLE J-2. POINT-SOURCE CONTROL PODS
Pod
VOC sources
Pod Combustion sources of VOC, NOX, and CO
1 Solvent metal cleaning
2 Printing and publishing
3 Dry cleaning
4 Fixed roof tanks - crude oil
5 Fixed roof tanks - gasoline
6 External floating roof tanks - crude
7 External floating roof tanks - gasoline
8 Bulk gas terminals - splash fill
9 Bulk gas terminals - submerged fill
10 Bulk gas terminals - not balanced
11 Service stations - stage I
15 Ethylene oxide manufacturing
16 Phenol manufacturing
17 Terephthalic acid manufacturing
18 Acrylonitrile manufacturing
19 SOCMI fugitives
20 Petroleum refinery fugitives
21 Cellulose acetate manufacturing
22 Styrene-butadiene rubber manuf.
23 Propylene manufacturing
24 Polyethylene manufacturing
25 Ethylene manufacturing
26 Refinery wastewater treatment
27 Refinery vacuum distillation
28 Vegetable oil processing
29 Paint and varnish manufacturing
30 Rubber tire manufacturing
31 Green tire spray
32 Carbon black manufacturing
33 Automobile surface coating
34 Beverage can surface coating
35 General wood surface coating
36 Paper surface coating
37 Miscellaneous surface coating
38 Food/agricultural starch manufacturing
39 Coke oven by-product plants
40 Ferrosilicon production
41 Iron/steel blastfurnace/sintering
42 Pulp/paper manufacturing
43 Marine vessel loading
44 Single chamber incinerators
46 Charcoal manufacturing
47 Fermentation/whiskey production
48 Plastics parts coating
49 Wood furniture coating
95 Aircraft coating
96 SOCMI reactors
97 SOCMI distillation
98 Furniture manufacturing
99 Miscellaneous noncombustion sources
50 Utility external combustion - coal
51 Utility external combustion - oil
52 Utility external combustion - gas
53 Utility external combustion - other
74 Utility oil turbines
75 Utility oil reciprocating engines
76 Utility gas turbines
77 Utility gas reciprocating engines
54 Industrial in-process fuel
55 Industrial process heat
56 Industrial space heating
57 Industrial external combustion - nonfossil fuel
70 Industrial oil turbines
71 Industrial oil reciprocating engines
72 Industrial gas turbines
73 Industrial gas reciprocating engines
81 Industrial cogen. - gas reciprocating engines
84 Industrial external combustion - coal
85 Industrial ext. comb. - oil - < 100 MMBTU/hr
86 Industrial ext. comb. - oil - cogeneration
87 Industrial ext. comb. - oil ? general
88 Industrial ext. comb. - gas - < 100 MMBTU/hr
89 Industrial ext. comb. - gas - cogeneration
90 Industrial ext. comb. - gas - general
58 Commercial/institutional - coal
59 Commercial/institutional - oil
60 Commercial/institutional - gas
61 Commercial/institutional - other
63 Internal combustion - aircraft
64 Waste disposal - multichamber
J-9
-------
TABLE J-3. AREA-SOURCE CATEGORIES IN THE ROMNET INVENTORY
sec
VOC sources
SCC Combustion sources of VOC, NOX, and CO
54 Gasoline marketing
Solvent use
78 Degreasing
79 Dry cleaning
80 Graphic arts and printing
81 Rubber/plastics mfg. - solvent use
82 Architectural coating
83 Auto body repair
84 Motor vehicle manufacturing - coating
85 Paper coating
86 Fabricated metals coating
87 Machinery manufacturing - coating
88 Furniture manufacturing - coating
89 Flat wood product coating
90 Other transportation equipment coating
91 Electrical equipment mfg. - coating
92 Ship coating
93 Miscellaneous industrial mfg. - coating
94 Miscellaneous industrial solvent use
95 Miscellaneous nonindustrial solvents
New categories created for NAPAP
100 Publicly-owned treatment works
101 Cutback asphalt paving
102 SOCMI fugitives
103 Bulk gasoline terminals/plants
104 Petroleum refinery fugitives
105 Bakeries
106 Pharmaceuticals manufacture
107 Synthetic fibers manufacturing
108 Oil/gas production fields
109 Hazardous waste TSDF
1 Residential fuel - anthracite
2 Residential fuel - bituminous coal
3 Residential fuel - distillate oil
4 Residential fuel - residual oil
5 Residential fuel - natural gas
6 Residential fuel - wood
7 Commercial/institutional - anthracite
8 Commercial/institutional - bituminous
9 Commercial/institutional - distillate oil
10 Commercial/institutional - residual oil
11 Commercial/institutional - natural gas
12 Commercial/institutional - wood
13 Industrial fuel - anthracite
14 Industrial fuel - bituminous coal
15 Industrial fuel - coke
16 Industrial fuel - distillate oil
17 Industrial fuel - residual oil
18 Industrial fuel - natural gas
19 Industrial fuel - wood
20 Industrial fuel - process gas
21 On-site incineration - residential
22 On-site incineration - industrial
23 On-site incineration - comm./institutional
24 Open burning - residential
25 Open burning - industrial
26 Open burning - commercial/institutional
39 Off-highway gasoline vehicles
44 Off-highway diesel vehicles
45 Railroad locomotives
46 Aircraft landings/takeoffs - military
47 Aircraft landings/takeoffs - civil
48 Aircraft landings/takeoffs - commercial
49 Vessels-coal
50 Vessels - diesel
51 Vessels - residual oil
52 Vessels - gasoline
60 Forest wildfires
61 Prescribed forest burning
62 Agricultural field burning
63 Orchard heaters
64 Structural fires
J-10
-------
TABLE J-4. EQUATIONS USED TO PREDICT FUTURE MOBILE-SOURCE EMISSIONS
General projection and control calculations (executed for total VOC, evaporative VOC, gasoline exhaust
VOC, diesel VOC, total NOX, and CO):
r _ ir v PF v PF ( 1 "\
£ 2005 u 2005 A ur reg A wr CO ^ 1 )
IT _ rnol/Mvrr ^9"\
U 2005 ~£ 1985 A ^f \
-------
TABLE J-5. GENERAL 2005 GROWTH RATES BY STATE AND SIC (% per year)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
CT Agricultural production - crops -0.21
Agricultural production - livestock -0.21
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 1.78
Food and kindred products 0.33
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -2.32
Apparel and other textile products -0.87
Lumber and wood products 0.64
Furniture and fixtures -1.38
Paper and allied products 1.42
Printing and publishing 1.19
Chemicals and allied products 1.76
Petroleum and coal products -1.44
Rubber and misc. plastic products 1.41
Leather and leather products -3.01
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.56
Primary metals industries -0.22
Fabricated metals products 1.40
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.16
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.45
Transportation equipment 1.18
Instruments and other related products 2.92
Misc. manufacturing industries -0.34
Railroad transportation -1.34
Local and interurban passenger transit 1.34
Trucking and warehousing 1.92
Water transportation 0.74
Air transportation 2.65
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 3.65
Communications 2.18
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.52
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.63
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.63
Building materials and garden supplies 1.73
General merchandise stores 1.73
Food stores 1.73
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.73
Apparel and accessory stores 1.73
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.73
Eating and drinking places 1.73
Miscellaneous retail 1.73
Real estate 2.03
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 2.03
Hotels and other lodging places 1.75
Personal services 2.51
Business services 2.51
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.44
Miscellaneous repair services 2.51
Motion pictures 1.69
Amusement and recreation services 2.85
Health services 2.23
Legal services 3.03
Educational services 1.40
Social services 0.52
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.52
Membership organizations 0.52
Private households -1.92
Misc. services 2.54
Government except finance -0.07
Justice, public order, and safety 0.04
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.04
Administration of human resource programs 0.04
Environmental quality and housing 0.04
Administration of economic programs 0.04
National security and international affairs -0.07
Motor vehicles and equipment 1.27
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.43
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.09
Degreasing 1.87
Composite of nondurable goods 0.40
Industrial fuel 0.86
Residential fuel 0.69
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-12
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
DC Agricultural production - crops 0.00
Agricultural production - livestock 0.00
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.00
Food and kindred products -1.24
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products 0.00
Apparel and other textile products 0.00
Lumber and wood products 0.00
Furniture and fixtures 0.00
Paper and allied products 0.00
Printing and publishing 0.20
Chemicals and allied products 1.45
Petroleum and coal products 0.00
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.00
Leather and leather products 0.00
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.00
Primary metals industries 0.00
Fabricated metals products 0.00
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.00
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.00
Transportation equipment 0.00
Instruments and other related products 2.59
Misc. manufacturing industries 3.53
Railroad transportation - -1.21
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.84
Trucking and warehousing 0.77
Water transportation 0.00
Air transportation 0.00
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 2.25
Communications 1.16
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.00
Wholesale trade - durable goods -0.64
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods -0.64
Building materials and garden supplies 0.27
General merchandise stores 0.27
Food stores 0.27
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 0.27
Apparel and accessory stores 0.27
Furniture and home furnishings stores 0.27
Eating and drinking places 0.27
Miscellaneous retail 0.27
Real estate 0.23
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 0.23
Hotels and other lodging places 0.17
Personal services 1.88
Business services 1.88
Auto repair, services, and parking 0.30
Miscellaneous repair services 1.88
Motion pictures 0.48
Amusement and recreation services -0.38
Health services 1.65
Legal services 2.82
Educational services 1.63
Social services 0.50
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.50
Membership organizations 0.50
Private households -2.19
Misc. services 2.82
Government except finance -0.25
Justice, public order, and safety 0.82
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.82
Administration of human resource programs 0.82
Environmental quality and housing 0.82
Administration of economic programs 0.82
National security and international affairs -0.25
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.00
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 1.85
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.66
Degreasing 1.52
Composite of nondurable goods 0.18
Industrial fuel 0.29
Residential fuel 0.18
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-13
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
OE Agricultural production - crops -0.30
Agricultural production - livestock -0.30
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 3.53
Food and kindred products 0.49
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -4.17
Apparel and other textile products -1.30
Lumber and wood products 1.63
Furniture and fixtures 2.11
Paper and allied products -0.19
Printing and publishing 0.99
Chemicals and allied products 0.50
Petroleum and coal products 0.00
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.39
Leather and leather products 0.00
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 1.56
Primary metals industries 0.48
Fabricated metals products 1.30
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.51
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.82
Transportation equipment 1.46
Instruments and other related products 4.49
Misc. manufacturing industries 2.93
Railroad transportation -1.97
Local and interurban passenger transit 1.01
Trucking and warehousing 1.47
Water transportation 0.00
Air transportation 1.12
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 2.54
Communications 1.38
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.89
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.36
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.36
Building materials and garden supplies 1.10
General merchandise stores 1.10
Food stores 1.10
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.10
Apparel and accessory stores 1.10
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.10
Eating and drinking places 1.10
Miscellaneous retail 1.10
Real estate 1.18
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.18
Hotels and other lodging places 1.73
Personal services 2.21
Business services 2.21
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.03
Miscellaneous repair services 2.21
Motion pictures 1.70
Amusement and recreation services 1.80
Health services 2.18
Legal services 2.54
Educational services 1.40
Social services 0.52
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.52
Membership organizations 0.52
Private households -1.92
Misc. services 2.54
Government except finance -0.07
Justice, public order, and safety 0.04
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.04
Administration of human resource programs 0.04
Environmental quality and housing . 0.04
Administration of economic programs 0.04
National security and international affairs -0.07
Motor vehicles and equipment 1.27
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.43
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.09
Degreasing 1.87
Composite of nondurable goods 0.40
Industrial fuel 0.86
Residential fuel 0.69
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-14
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
IN Agricultural production - crops -0.71
Agricultural production - livestock -0.71
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 2.81
Coal mining 2.81
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.38
Food and kindred products -0.53
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products 0.48
Apparel and other textile products -1.16
Lumber and wood products 1.59
Furniture and fixtures 0.43
Paper and allied products 0.32
Printing and publishing 0.70
Chemicals and allied products 0.98
Petroleum and coal products -0.46
Rubber and misc. plastic products 1.37
Leather and leather products -0.61
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.41
Primary metals industries 1.21
Fabricated metals products 1.77
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.06
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.53
Transportation equipment 0.76
Instruments and other related products 3.58
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.32
Railroad transportation -2.24
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.73
Trucking and warehousing 1.82
Water transportation 2.71
Air transportation 2.44
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.92
Transportation services 2.39
Communications 1.52
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.44
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.04
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.04
Building materials and garden supplies 1.05
General merchandise stores 1.05
Food stores 1.05
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.05
Apparel and accessory stores 1.05
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.05
Eating and drinking places 1.05
Miscellaneous retail 1.05
Real estate 1.71
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.71
Hotels and other lodging places 0.82
Personal services 1.72
Business services 1.72
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.84
Miscellaneous repair services 1.72
Motion pictures 0.25
Amusement and recreation services 2.29
Health services . 1.81
Legal services 2.13
Educational services 1.29
Social services 0.89
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.89
Membership organizations 0.89
Private households -1.92
Misc. services 2.13
Government except finance -0.09
Justice, public order, and safety 0.19
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.19
Administration of human resource programs 0.19
Environmental quality and housing 0.19
Administration of economic programs 0.19
National security and international affairs -0.09
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.57
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.06
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.99
Degreasing 1.06
Composite of nondurable goods 0.51
Industrial fuel 0.92
Residential fuel 0.30
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-15
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
KY Agricultural production - crops -0.24
Agricultural production - livestock -0.24
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 1.14
Coal mining 1.14
Oil and gas extraction 0.76
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels -0.89
Food and kindred products -0.60
Tobacco products -1.57
Textile mill products -0.68
Apparel and other textile products -0.33
Lumber and wood products 0.94
Furniture and fixtures -0.43
Paper and allied products 0.44
Printing and publishing 0.66
Chemicals and allied products -0.09
Petroleum and coal products 1.59
Rubber and misc. plastic products 3.14
Leather and leather products -2.55
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.86
Primary metals industries 2.38
Fabricated metals products 1.18
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.62
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.51
Transportation equipment 1.54
Instruments and other related products 1.66
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.73
Railroad transportation -1.37
Local and interurban passenger transit -0.82
Trucking and warehousing 1.85
Water transportation 0.94
Air transportation 1.80
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 2.75
Communications 2.19
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.96
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.08
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.08
Building materials and garden supplies 1.23
General merchandise stores 1.23
Food stores 1.23
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.23
Apparel and accessory stores 1.23
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.23
Eating and drinking places 1.23
Miscellaneous retail 1.23
Real estate 1.71
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.71
Hotels and other lodging places 1.10
Personal services 1.89
Business services 1.89
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.77
Miscellaneous repair services 1.89
Motion pictures 0.17
Amusement and recreation services 1.77
Health services 1.74
Legal services 2.13
Educational services 1.19
Social services 0.68
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.68
Membership organizations 0.68
Private households -1.95
Misc. services 2.13
Government except finance -0.08
Justice, public order, and safety 0.13
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.13
Administration of human resource programs 0.13
Environmental quality and housing 0.13
Administration of economic programs 0.13
National security and international affairs -0.08
Motor vehicles and equipment 2.12
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.01
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.98
Degreasing 1.32
Composite of nondurable goods 0.26
Industrial fuel 0.86
Residential fuel 0.25
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-16
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
MA Agricultural production - crops -0.28
Agricultural production - livestock -0.28
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 2.07
Food and kindred products -0.25
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -1.51
Apparel and other textile products -0.78
Lumber and wood products 1.54
Furniture and fixtures 0.96
Paper and allied products -0.24
Printing and publishing 1.04
Chemicals and allied products 0.21
Petroleum and coal products 2.27
Rubber and misc. plastic products 2.63
Leather and leather products -1.82
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 1.17
Primary metals industries . 1.37
Fabricated metals products 2.20
Industrial machinery and equipment 4.04
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.69
Transportation equipment 2.12
Instruments and other related products 3.85
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.36
Railroad transportation -1.22
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.96
Trucking and warehousing 1.84
Water transportation -2.36
Air transportation 1.15
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 3.50
Communications 2.75
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.14
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.78
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.78
Building materials and garden supplies 1.86
General merchandise stores 1.86
Food stores 1.86
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.86
Apparel and accessory stores 1.86
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.86
Eating and drinking places 1.86
Miscellaneous retail 1.86
Real estate 2.30
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 2.30
Hotels and other lodging places 1.86
Personal services 2.99
Business services 2.99
Auto repair, services, and parking 3.26
Miscellaneous repair services 2.99
Motion pictures 1.36
Amusement and recreation services 3.21
Health services 2.17
Legal services 3.10
Educational services 1.52
Social services 1.35
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.35
Membership organizations 1.35
Private households 1.31
Misc. services 3.10
Government except finance 0.19
Justice, public order, and safety 0.25
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.25
Administration of human resource programs 0.25
Environmental quality and housing 0.25
Administration of economic programs 0.25
National security and international affairs 0.19
Motor vehicles and equipment 2.12
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.50
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.27
Degreasing 2.51
Composite of nondurable goods 0.13
Industrial fuel 1.46
Residential fuel 0.03
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-17
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
MD Agricultural production - crops -0.01
Agricultural production - livestock -0.01
Agricultural services 0.00
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 1.81
Coal mining 1.81
Oil and gas extraction -0.25
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels -2.22
Food and kindred products 0.87
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -3.46
Apparel and other textile products -1.26
Lumber and wood products 1.93
Furniture and fixtures -1.38
Paper and allied products 0.20
Printing and publishing 1.76
Chemicals and allied products -0.12
Petroleum and coal products -0.50
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.24
Leather and leather products -2.50
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.21
Primary metals industries 0.46
Fabricated metals products 0.32
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.49
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.95
Transportation equipment 0.63
Instruments and other related products 4.65
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.23
Railroad transportation -1.26
Local and interurban passenger transit -0.10
Trucking and warehousing 1.42
Water transportation 1.80
Air transportation 1.41
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 3.29
Communications 2.55
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.29
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.34
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.34
Building materials and garden supplies 1.06
General merchandise stores 1.06
Food stores 1.06
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.06
Apparel and accessory stores 1.06
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.06
Eating and drinking places 1.06
Miscellaneous retail 1.06
Real estate 0.01
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 0.01
Hotels and other lodging places 0.90
Personal services 1.29
Business services 1.29
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.23
Miscellaneous repair services 1.29
Motion pictures 0.01
Amusement and recreation services 1.23
Health services 1.69
Legal services 2.01
Educational services 1.68
Social services 1.68
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.68
Membership organizations 1.68
Private households -0.90
Misc. services 2.01
Government except finance 0.41
Justice, public order, and safety 0.82
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.82
Administration of human resource programs 0.82
Environmental quality and housing 0.82
Administration of economic programs 0.82
National security and international affairs 0.41
Motor vehicles and equipment 6.98
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.24
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.12
Degreasing 0.83
Composite of nondurable goods 0.10
Industrial fuel 0.49
Residential fuel 0.51
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-18
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
ME Agricultural production - crops -0.06
Agricultural production - livestock -0.06
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.00
Food and kindred products -0.52
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -0.90
Apparel and other textile products 0.47
Lumber and wood products 0.93
Furniture and fixtures 0.61
Paper and allied products 0.45
Printing and publishing 1.51
Chemicals and allied products 2.38
Petroleum and coal products -3.41
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.75
Leather and leather products -0.72
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.57
Primary metals industries 0.00
Fabricated metals products 2.62
Industrial machinery and equipment 3.01
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.52
Transportation equipment 1.63
Instruments and other related products 3.88
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.71
Railroad transportation -1.45
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.66
Trucking and warehousing 1.65
Water transportation 0.71
Air transportation 2.54
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 2.93
Communications 1.39
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.98
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.15
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.15
Building materials and garden supplies 1.21
General merchandise stores 1.21
Food stores 1.21
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.21
Apparel and accessory stores 1.21
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.21
Eating and drinking places 1.21
Miscellaneous retail 1.21
Real estate 1.51
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.51
Hotels and other lodging places 1.11
Personal services 2.37
Business services 2.37
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.92
Miscellaneous repair services 2.37
Motion pictures 0.78
Amusement and recreation services 2.29
Health services 1.89
Legal services 2.72
Educational services 1.16
Social services 0.91
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.91
Membership organizations 0.91
Private households -1.89
Misc. services 2.72
Government except finance -0.11
Justice, public order, and safety 0.17
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.17
Administration of human resource programs 0.17
Environmental quality and housing . 0.17
Administration of economic programs 0.17
National security and international affairs -0.11
Motor vehicles and equipment 6.12
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.30
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.08
Degreasing 1.62
Composite of nondurable goods 0.03
Industrial fuel 0.73
Residential fuel 0.55
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-19
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
Ml Agricultural production - crops -0.70
Agricultural production - livestock -0.70
Metal mining 1.54
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 2.17
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.56
Food and kindred products -0.66
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -0.97
Apparel and other textile products -0.52
Lumber and wood products 0.34
Furniture and fixtures 0.83
Paper and allied products -0.84
Printing and publishing 0.44
Chemicals and allied products -1.01
Petroleum and coal products -0.46
Rubber and misc. plastic products 2.18
Leather and leather products -1.92
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.45
Primary metals industries 0.59
Fabricated metals products 1.16
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.06
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.44
Transportation equipment 2.75
Instruments and other related products 3.06
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.16
Railroad transportation -1.87
Local and interurban passenger transit -0.46
Trucking and warehousing 1.11
Water transportation 0.88
Air transportation 1.19
Pipelines, except natural gas 2.05
Transportation services 2.17
Communications 1.24
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.47
Wholesale trade - durable goods 0.69
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 0.69
Building materials and garden supplies 0.93
General merchandise stores 0.93
Food stores 0.93
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 0.93
Apparel and accessory stores 0.93
Furniture and home furnishings stores 0.93
Eating and drinking places 0.93
Miscellaneous retail 0.93
Real estate 1.22
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.22
Hotels and other lodging places 0.66
Personal services 1.80
Business services 1.80
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.90
Miscellaneous repair services 1.80
Motion pictures - 0.59
Amusement and recreation services 2.02
Health services 1.61
Legal services 1.93
Educational services 1.12
Social services 0.54
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.54
Membership organizations 0.54
Private households -2.05
Government except finance 0.19
Justice, public order, and safety -0.18
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy -0.18
Administration of human resource programs -0.18
Environmental quality and housing -0.18
Administration of economic programs -0.18
National security and international affairs 0.19
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.56
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 1.96
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.88
Degreasing 0.87
Composite of nondurable goods 0.09
Industrial fuel 0.71
Residential fuel 0.15
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-20
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
NC Agricultural production - crops -0.25
Agricultural production - livestock -0.25
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.71
Food and kindred products -0.35
Tobacco products -1.60
Textile mill products -0.93
Apparel and other textile products 0.38
Lumber and wood products 1.35
Furniture and fixtures 0.77
Paper and allied products 1.16
Printing and publishing 1.35
Chemicals and allied products 0.92
Petroleum and coal products 1.07
Rubber and misc. plastic products 2.95
Leather and leather products -0.42
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 1.85
Primary metals industries 1.74
Fabricated metals products 2.68
Industrial machinery and equipment 2.07
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.32
Transportation equipment 1.78
Instruments and other related products 3.40
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.92
Railroad transportation -1.01
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.54
Trucking and warehousing 1.84
Water transportation -0.37
Air transportation 2.43
Pipelines, except natural gas 3.53
Transportation services 3.96
Communications 1.90
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.07
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.41
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.41
Building materials and garden supplies 1.79
General merchandise stores 1.79
Food stores 1.79
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.79
Apparel and accessory stores 1.79
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.79
Eating and drinking places 1.79
Miscellaneous retail 1.79
Real estate 1.73
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.73
Hotels and other lodging places 1.38
Personal services 2.67
Business services 2.67
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.90
Miscellaneous repair services 2.67
Motion pictures 1.11
Amusement and recreation services 2.44
Health services 2.54
Legal services 2.93
Educational services 1.43
Social services 1.14
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.14
Membership organizations 1.14
Private households -1.74
Misc. services 2.93
Government except finance 0.29
Justice, public order, and safety 0.36
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.36
Administration of human resource programs 0.36
Environmental quality and housing 0.36
Administration of economic programs 0.36
National security and international affairs 0.29
Motor vehicles and equipment 2.72
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.52
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.36
Degreasing 1.64
Composite of nondurable goods 0.03
Industrial fuel 0.72
Residential fuel 0.75
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-21
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
NH Agricultural production - crops -0.45
Agricultural production - livestock -0.45
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 1.72
Food and kindred products 0.00
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -1.81
Apparel and other textile products -0.23
Lumber and wood products 1.52
Furniture and fixtures -0.23
Paper and allied products -0.09
Printing and publishing 2.04
Chemicals and allied products 0.86
Petroleum and coal products 0.00
Rubber and misc. plastic products 1.62
Leather and leather products -1.69
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 1.48
Primary metals industries 1.94
Fabricated metals products 2.72
Industrial machinery and equipment 2.78
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.45
Transportation equipment 1.43
Instruments and other related products 3.21
Misc. manufacturing industries 1.69
Railroad transportation 0.01
Local and interurban passenger transit 1.03
Trucking and warehousing 2.45
Water transportation 2.93
Air transportation 2.75
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 4.19
Communications 2.19
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.86
Wholesale trade - durable goods 2.35
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 2.35
Building materials and garden supplies 2.24
General merchandise stores 2.24
Food stores 2.24
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 2.24
Apparel and accessory stores 2.24
Furniture and home furnishings stores 2.24
Eating and drinking places 2.24
Miscellaneous retail 2.24
Real estate 2.67
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 2.67
Hotels and other lodging places 1.46
Personal services 3.48
Business services 3.48
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.75
Miscellaneous repair services 3.48
Motion pictures 1.96
Amusement and recreation services 2.32
Health services 2.76
Legal services 3.44
Educational services 1.54
Social services 0.02
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.02
Membership organizations 0.02
Private households -0.88
Misc. services 3.44
Government except finance 0.57
Justice, public order, and safety 1.21
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 1.21
Administration of human resource programs 1.21
Environmental quality and housing 1.21
Administration of economic programs 1.21
National security and international affairs 0.57
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.00
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 3.16
Commercial/institutional fuel 2.15
Degreasing 2.19
Composite of nondurable goods 0.43
Industrial fuel 1.65
Residential fuel 2.36
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-22
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
NJ Agricultural production - crops -0.04
Agricultural production - livestock -0.04
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 1.03
Monometallic minerals except fuels 0.92
Food and kindred products -0.07
Tobacco products -3.41
Textile mill products -2.56
Apparel and other textile products -2.09
Lumber and wood products 0.80
Furniture and fixtures 1.05
Paper and allied products -0.45
Printing and publishing 1.32
Chemicals and allied products -0.54
Petroleum and coal products -1.35
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.45
Leather and leather products -3.36
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products -1.05
Primary metals industries -1.53
Fabricated metals products -1.49
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.18
Electronic and other electric equipment -0.07
Transportation equipment -0.13
Instruments and other related products 0.24
Misc. manufacturing industries -1.00
Railroad transportation -0.91
Local and interurban passenger transit 1.31
Trucking and warehousing 1.38
Water transportation -0.57
Air transportation 1.52
Pipelines, except natural gas -0.34
Transportation services 1.84
Communications 0.23
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.58
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.78
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.78
Building materials and garden supplies 1.40
General merchandise stores 1.40
Food stores 1.40
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.40
Apparel and accessory stores 1.40
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.40
Eating and drinking places 1.40
Miscellaneous retail 1.40
Real estate 1.59
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.59
Hotels and other lodging places 2.44
Personal services 2.94
Business services 2.94
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.93
Miscellaneous repair services 2.94
Motion pictures 0.26
Amusement and recreation services 1.60
Hearth services 2.45
Legal services 2.80
Educational services 0.71
Social services 1.74
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.74
Membership organizations 1.74
Private households -1.60
Misc. services 2.80
Government except finance 0.36
Justice, public order, and safety 0.77
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.77
Administration of human resource programs 0.77
Environmental quality and housing 0.77
Administration of economic programs 0.77
National security and international affairs 0.36
Motor vehicles and equipment -0.36
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.48
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.49
Degreasing -0.33
Composite of nondurable goods 0.22
Industrial fuel -0.28
Residential fuel 0.73
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-23
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
NY Agricultural production - crops 0.23
Agricultural production - livestock 0.23
Metal mining 2.55
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 2.66
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.41
Food and kindred products -0.89
Tobacco products -0.66
Textile mill products -2.29
Apparel and other textile products -1.43
Lumber and wood products 1.37
Furniture and fixtures -0.47
Paper and allied products -0.60
Printing and publishing 0.28
Chemicals and allied products -1.39
Petroleum and coal products 0.45
Rubber and misc. plastic products 1.98
Leather and leather products -1.64
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.72
Primary metals industries -0.45
Fabricated metals products 1.19
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.63
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.65
Transportation equipment 0.10
Instruments and other related products 2.17
Misc. manufacturing industries -1.11
Railroad transportation 0.27
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.14
Trucking and warehousing 1.70
Water transportation 0.30
Air transportation 1.16
Pipelines, except natural gas 3.53
Transportation services 1.13
Communications 1.62
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.99
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.13
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.13
Building materials and garden supplies 0.80
General merchandise stores 0.80
Food stores 0.80
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 0.80
Apparel and accessory stores 0.80
Furniture and home furnishings stores 0.80
Eating and drinking places 0.80
Miscellaneous retail 0.80
Real estate 0.75
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 0.75
Hotels and other lodging places 0.71
Personal services 1.54
Business services 1.54
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.88
Miscellaneous repair services 1.54
Motion pictures 0.85
Amusement and recreation services 1.68
Health services 1.63
Legal services 2.48
Educational services 1.43
Social services 1.27
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.27
Membership organizations 1.27
Private households -1.97
Misc. services 2.48
Government except finance -0.24
Justice, public order, and safety -0.15
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy -0.15
Administration of human resource programs -0.15
Environmental quality and housing . -0.15
Administration of economic programs -0.15
National security and international affairs -0.24
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.96
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.72
Motor vehicles 2.40
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.99
Degreasing 0.84
Composite of nondurable goods -0.54
Industrial fuel 0.27
Residential fuel 0.36
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-24
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
OH Agricultural production - crops -0.41
Agricultural production - livestock -0.41
Metal mining 3.53
Anthracite mining 1.29
Coal mining 1.29
Oil and gas extraction 1.95
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.39
Food and kindred products -0.54
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -1.55
Apparel and other textile products -0.42
Lumber and wood products 1.33
Furniture and fixtures -0.37
Paper and allied products -0.46
Printing and publishing 0.51
Chemicals and allied products 0.31
Petroleum and coal products 0.92
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.70
Leather and leather products -2.85
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.45
Primary metals industries 0.12
Fabricated metals products 0.57
Industrial machinery and equipment -0.18
Electronic and other electric equipment -0.73
Transportation equipment 0.58
Instruments and other related products 1.85
Misc. manufacturing industries -0.95
Railroad transportation -2.34
Local and interurban passenger transit -0.10
Trucking and warehousing 0.79
United States Postal Serviced 0.00
Water transportation -1.74
Air transportation 2.27
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.67
Transportation services 2.91
Communications 1.63
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.49
Wholesale trade - durable goods 0:89
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 0.89
Building materials and garden supplies 0.91
General merchandise stores 0.91
Food stores 0.91
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 0.91
Apparel and accessory stores 0.91
Furniture and home furnishings stores 0.91
Eating and drinking places 0.91
Miscellaneous retail 0.91
Real estate 1.23
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.23
Hotels and other lodging places 0.53
Personal services 1.81
Business services 1.81
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.63
Miscellaneous repair services 1.81
Motion pictures -0.36
Amusement and recreation services 1.67
Health services 2.05
Legal services 2.32
Educational services 0.94
Social services 0.72
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.72
Membership organizations 0.72
Private households -2.08
Misc. services 2.32
Government except finance -0.15
Justice, public order, and safety -0.05
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy -0.05
Administration of human resource programs -0.05
Environmental quality and housing -0.05
Administration of economic programs -0.05
National security and international affairs -0.15
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.67
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 1.86
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.98
Degreasing 0.23
Composite of nondurable goods 0.16
Industrial fuel 0.21
Residential fuel -0.14
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-25
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
PA Agricultural production - crops -0.36
Agricultural production - livestock -0.36
Metal mining 2.17
Anthracite mining 0.03
Coal mining 0.03
Oil and gas extraction 2.16
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels -0.03
18 0.00
Food and kindred products ml .04
Tobacco products -3.66
Textile mill products -2.07
Apparel and other textile products -0.78
Lumber and wood products 0.98
Furniture and fixtures 0.48
Paper and allied products 0.20
Printing and publishing 0.35
Chemicals and allied products -0.09
Petroleum and coal products -0.33
Rubber and misc. plastic products 1.64
Leather and leather products -2.14
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.45
Primary metals industries -0.56
Fabricated metals products 1.15
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.75
Electronic and other electric equipment -0.58
Transportation equipment 0.20
Instruments and other related products 1.09
Misc. manufacturing industries -0.22
Railroad transportation -1.96
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.76
Trucking and warehousing 0.91
Water transportation -0.85
Air transportation 1.43
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.48
Transportation services 2.29
Communications 1.27
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.78
Wholesale trade - durable goods 0.64
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 0.64
Building materials and garden supplies 0.75
General merchandise stores 0.75
Food stores 0.75
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 0.75
Apparel and accessory stores 0.75
Furniture and home furnishings stores 0.75
Eating and drinking places 0.75
Miscellaneous retail 0.75
Real estate 1.05
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.05
Hotels and other lodging places 0.61
Personal services 1.76
Business services 1.76
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.38
Miscellaneous repair services 1.76
Motion pictures 0.54
Amusement and recreation services 1.76
Health services 1.38
Legal services 2.12
Educational services 1.38
Social services 0.62
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.62
Membership organizations 0.62
Private households -2.25
Misc. services 2.12
Government except finance -0.31
Justice, public order, and safety -0.25
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy -0.25
Administration of human resource programs -0.25
Environmental quality and housing -0.25
Administration of economic programs -0.25
National security and international affairs -0.31
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.60
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 1.77
Commercial/institutional fuel 0.77
Degreasing 0.31
Composite of nondurable goods -0.35
Industrial fuel 0.04
Residential fuel 0.01
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-26
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
Rl Agricultural production - crops 0.00
Agricultural production - livestock 0.00
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 3.53
Food and kindred products -0.31
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -0.78
Apparel and other textile products -0.23
Lumber and wood products 2.66
Furniture and fixtures 1.87
Paper and allied products 0.75
Printing and publishing 0.67
Chemicals and allied products 0.68
Petroleum and coal products 0.00
Rubber and misc. plastic products 0.08
Leather and leather products -0.89
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 2.10
Primary metals industries 1.14
Fabricated metals products 1.42
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.10
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.15
Transportation equipment 1.56
Instruments and other related products 0.94
Misc. manufacturing industries -0.07
Railroad transportation -1.43
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.29
Trucking and warehousing 1.22
Water transportation 0.59
Air transportation 2.51
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 2.77
Communications 2.36
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.26
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.10
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.10
Building materials and garden supplies 1.43
General merchandise stores 1.43
Food stores 1.43
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.43
Apparel and accessory stores 1.43
Furniture and home 'furnishings stores 1.43
Eating and drinking places 1.43
Miscellaneous retail 1.43
Real estate 1.84
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.84
Hotels and other lodging places 1.18
Personal services 2.31
Business services 2.31
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.31
Miscellaneous repair services 2.31
Motion pictures 1.43
Amusement and recreation services 2.35
Health services 1.91
Legal services 2.77
Educational services 2.22
Social services 0.86
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.86
Membership organizations 0.86
Private households -1.69
Misc. services 2.77
Government except finance 0.37
Justice, public order, and safety 0.34
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.34
Administration of human resource programs 0.34
Environmental quality and housing 0.34
Administration of economic programs 0.34
National security and international affairs 0.37
Motor vehicles and equipment 0.17
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.36
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.35
Degreasing 0.80
Composite of nondurable goods -0.05
Industrial fuel 0.55
Residential fuel 0.63
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-27
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
IN Agricultural production - crops -0.62
Agricultural production - livestock -0.62
Metal mining 1.43
Anthracite mining 0.87
Coal mining 0.87
Oil and gas extraction 2.29
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.23
Food and kindred products -0.18
Tobacco products -3.40
Textile mill products -0.65
Apparel and other textile products -0.28
Lumber and wood products 0.54
Furniture and fixtures 0.37
Paper and allied products 1.02
Printing and publishing 0.89
Chemicals and allied products 0.24
Petroleum and coal products 0.48
Rubber and misc. plastic products 1.90
Leather and leather products -1.62
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 0.66
Primary metals industries 0.80
Fabricated metals products 1.72
Industrial machinery and equipment 2.04
Electronic and other electric equipment 0.96
Transportation equipment 0.65
Instruments and other related products 4.12
Misc. manufacturing industries 1.12
Railroad transportation -1.37
Local and interurban passenger transit 1.04
Trucking and warehousing 1.63
Water transportation 1.14
Air transportation 1.48
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 3.25
Communications 1.81
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.77
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.20
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.20
Building materials and garden supplies 1.62
General merchandise stores 1.62
Food stores 1.62
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.62
Apparel and accessory stores 1.62
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.62
Eating and drinking places 1.62
Miscellaneous retail 1.62
Real estate 2.02
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 2.02
Hotels and other lodging places 1.26
Personal services 2.63
Business services 2.63
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.23
Miscellaneous repair services 2.63
Motion pictures 0.90
Amusement and recreation services 2.54
Health services 2.32
Legal services 3.03
Educational services 1.56
Social services 0.91
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.91
Membership organizations 0.91
Private households -1.69
Misc. services 3.03
Government except finance 0.52
Justice, public order, and safety 0.48
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.48
Administration of human resource programs 0.48
Environmental quality and housing 0.48
Administration of economic programs 0.48
National security and international affairs 0.52
Motor vehicles and equipment 2.36
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.41
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.42
Degreasing 1.40
Composite of nondurable goods 0.19
Industrial fuel 0.77
Residential fuel 0.66
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-28
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
VA Agricultural production - crops 0.06
Agricultural production - livestock 0.06
Metal mining 0.04
Anthracite mining 1.16
Coal mining 1.16
Oil and gas extraction 3.90
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.60
Food and kindred products -0.14
Tobacco products -0.26
Textile mill products -0.05
Apparel and other textile products -0.63
Lumber and wood products 0.91
Furniture and fixtures 0.71
Paper and allied products 0.55
Printing and publishing 1.72
Chemicals and allied products 0.14
Petroleum and coal products 0.00
Rubber and misc. plastic products 2.66
Leather and leather products -1.55
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 1.22
Primary metals industries 1.41
Fabricated metals products 2.41
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.57
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.37
Transportation equipment 1.57
Instruments and other related products 3.42
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.89
Railroad transportation -1.65
Local and interurban passenger transit 0.79
Trucking and warehousing 1.66
Water transportation 0.48
Air transportation 1.24
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 2.98
Communications 1.78
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.50
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.46
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.46
Building materials and garden supplies 1.63
General merchandise stores 1.63
Food stores 1.63
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.63
Apparel and accessory stores 1.63
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.63
Eating and drinking places 1.63
Miscellaneous retail 1.63
Real estate 1.22
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.22
Hotels and other lodging places 0.98
Personal services 2.16
Business services 2.16
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.16
Miscellaneous repair services 2.16
Motion pictures 1.01
Amusement and recreation services 2.47
Health services 2.38
Legal services 2.79
Educational services 1.53
Social services 1.19
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.19
Membership organizations 1.19
Private households -1.71
Misc. services 2.79
Government except finance 0.32
Justice, public order, and safety 0.34
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.34
Administration of human resource programs 0.34
Environmental quality and housing 0.34
Administration of economic programs 0.34
National security and international affairs 0.32
Motor vehicles and equipment 2.39
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.50
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.23
Degreasing 1.48
Composite of nondurable goods 0.36
Industrial fuel 0.91
Residential fuel 0.75
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-29
-------
TABLE J-5 (continued)
State SIC a description
Growth rate
SIC a description
Growth rate
VT Agricultural production - crops -0.19
Agricultural production - livestock -0.19
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.00
Coal mining 0.00
Oil and gas extraction 0.00
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.00
Food and kindred products 0.26
Tobacco products 0.00
Textile mill products -1.25
Apparel and other textile products 0.13
Lumber and wood products 1.95
Furniture and fixtures 1.80
Paper and allied products 1.14
Printing and publishing 1.11
Chemicals and allied products 1.43
Petroleum and coal products 0.00
Rubber and misc. plastic products 2.42
Leather and leather products -3.01
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products 1.33
Primary metals industries 1.43
Fabricated metals products 3.19
Industrial machinery and equipment 0.97
Electronic and other electric equipment 1.45
Transportation equipment 2.63
Instruments and other related products 3.77
Misc. manufacturing industries 2.17
Railroad transportation 0.00
Local and interurban passenger transit 1.61
Trucking and warehousing 1.92
Water transportation 0.00
Air transportation 3.03
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 3.90
Communications 0.02
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1.14
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.96
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.96
Building materials and garden supplies 1.80
General merchandise stores 1.80
Food stores 1.80
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.80
Apparel and accessory stores 1.80
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.80
Eating and drinking places 1.80
Miscellaneous retail . 1.80
Real estate 2.12
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 2.12
Hotels and other lodging places 1.27
Personal services 2.73
Business services 2.73
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.47
Miscellaneous repair services 2.73
Motion pictures 0.86
Amusement and recreation services 2.56
Health services 2.21
Legal services 3.08
Educational services 1.68
Social services 1.64
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 1.64
Membership organizations 1.64
Private households -1.35
Misc. services 3.08
Government except finance 0.54
Justice, public order, and safety 0.76
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.76
Administration of human resource programs 0.76
Environmental quality and housing 0.76
Administration of economic programs 0.76
National security and international affairs 0.54
Motor vehicles and equipment 3.66
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 2.70
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.64
Degreasing 1.91
Composite of nondurable goods 0.84
Industrial fuel 1.63
Residential fuel 0.94
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-30
-------
TABLE J-5 (concluded)
State SIC a description
Growth rate SIC a description
Growth rate
WV Agricultural production - crops -0.01
Agricultural production - livestock -0.01
Metal mining 0.00
Anthracite mining 0.67
Coal mining 0.67
Oil and gas extraction 2.04
Nonmetallic minerals except fuels 0.61
Food and kindred products -0.20
Tobacco products -3.41
Textile mill products 0.48
Apparel and other textile products -0.63
Lumber and wood products 0.67
Furniture and fixtures 0.44
Paper and allied products -0.43
Printing and publishing 0.55
Chemicals and allied products -0.44
Petroleum and coal products 0.48
Rubber and misc. plastic products 2.88
Leather and leather products -0.98
Stone, glass, clay, and concrete products -0.28
Primary metals industries 0.80
Fabricated metals products 2.13
Industrial machinery and equipment 2.29
Electronic and other electric equipment -0.12
Transportation equipment 2.91
Instruments and other related products 3.06
Misc. manufacturing industries 0.38
Railroad transportation -0.80
Local and interurban passenger transit -0.42
Trucking and warehousing 1.26
Water transportation 0.78
Air transportation 5.02
Pipelines, except natural gas 0.00
Transportation services 4.08
Communications 1.63
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 0.47
Wholesale trade - durable goods 1.26
Wholesale trade - nondurable goods 1.26
Building materials and garden supplies 1.14
General merchandise stores 1.14
Food stores 1.14
Auto dealers and gasoline service stations 1.14
Apparel and accessory stores 1.14
Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.14
Eating and drinking places 1.14
Miscellaneous retail 1.14
Real estate 1.81
Real estate/insurance/loans/law offices 1.81
Hotels and other lodging places 0.76
Personal services 2.25
Business services 2.25
Auto repair, services, and parking 2.38
Miscellaneous repair services 2.25
Motion pictures 0.97
Amusement and recreation services 2.33
Health services 1.99
Legal services 2.98
Educational services 1.14
Social services 0.81
Museums, botanical or zoological gardens 0.81
Membership organizations 0.81
Private households -1.88
Misc. services 2.98
Government except finance 0.39
Justice, public order, and safety 0.25
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 0.25
Administration of human resource programs 0.25
Environmental quality and housing 0.25
Administration of economic programs 0.25
National security and international affairs 0.39
Motor vehicles and equipment 3.66
Forest wildfires 0.00
Aircraft landings and takeoffs - military 0.00
Motor vehicles 1.84
Commercial/institutional fuel 1.11
Degreasing 1.01
Composite of nondurable goods -0.05
Industrial fuel 0.55
Residential fuel 0.09
a Standard Industrial Classification code
J-31
-------
TABLE J-6. 2005 GROWTH RATES FOR UTILITIES AND INDUSTRIAL COMBUSTION
State SICa description Growth rate, % per year
CT Utility external combustion - coal 0.00
Utility external combustion - oil -3.35
Utility external combustion - gas 25.74
Industrial gas turbines 1.82
Industrial gas reciprocating engines 1.82
Utility oil turbines -3.35
Utility oil reciprocating engines -3.35
Utility gas turbines 25.74
Utility gas reciprocating engines 25.74
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 1.82
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 1.82
DC Utility external combustion - coal 0.53
Utility external combustion - oil 1.03
Utility external combustion - gas . 4.08
Utility oil turbines 1.03
Utility oil reciprocating engines 1.03
Utility gas turbines 4.08
Utility gas reciprocating engines 4.08
DE Utility external combustion - coal -0.22
Utility external combustion - oil -8.66
Utility external combustion - gas 3.40
Utility oil turbines -8.66
Utility oil reciprocating engines -8.66
Utility gas turbines 3.40
Utility gas reciprocating engines 3.40
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 0.44
Industrial external combustion - gas - cogeneration 0.44
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 0.44
IN Utility external combustion - coal 1.79
Utility external combustion - oil 6.62
Utility external combustion - gas 8.57
Industrial gas reciprocating engines 5.24
Utility oil turbines 6.62
Utility oil reciprocating engines 6.62
Utility gas turbines 8.57
Utility gas reciprocating engines 8.57
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 5.24
Industrial external combustion - gas - cogeneration 5.24
3 Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-32
-------
TABLE J-6 (continued)
State SICa description Growth rate, % per year
KY Utility external combustion - coal 2.83
Utility external combustion - oil 12.58
Utility external combustion - gas 24.57
Utility oil turbines 12.58
Utility oil reciprocating engines 12.58
Utility gas turbines 24.57
Utility gas reciprocating engines 24.57
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 2.25
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 2.25
MA Utility external combustion - coal 0.54
Utility external combustion - oil -0.10
Utility external combustion - gas 5.71
Industrial gas turbines 1.11
Industrial gas reciprocating engines 1.11
Utility oil turbines -0.10
Utility oil reciprocating engines -0.10
Utility gas turbines 5.71
Utility gas reciprocating engines 5.71
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 1.11
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 1.11
MD Utility external combustion - coal 3.55
Utility external combustion - oil 2.24
Utility external combustion - gas 14.39
Utility oil turbines 2.24
Utility oil reciprocating engines 2.24
Utility gas turbines 14.39
Utility gas reciprocating engines 14.39
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 0.65
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 0.65
ME Utility external combustion - coal 0.00
Utility external combustion - oil -0.28
Utility external combustion - gas 21.40
Utility oil turbines -0.28
Utility oil reciprocating engines -0.28
Utility gas turbines 21.40
Utility gas reciprocating engines 21.40
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 2.57
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-33
-------
TABLE J-6 (continued)
State SICa description Growth rate, % per year
Ml Utility external combustion - coal 1.03
Utility external combustion - oil -0.58
Utility external combustion - gas -5.68
Industrial gas reciprocating engines 1.62
Utility oil turbines -0.58
Utility oil reciprocating engines -0.58
Utility gas turbines -5.68
Utility gas reciprocating engines -5.68
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 1.62
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 1.62
NC Utility external combustion - coal ' 2.76
Utility external combustion - oil 36.90
Utility external combustion - gas 4.43
Utility oil turbines 36.90
Utility oil reciprocating engines 36.90
Utility gas turbines 4.43
Utility gas reciprocating engines 4.43
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 7.20
NH Utility external combustion - coal 0.32
Utility external combustion - oil -1.08
Utility external combustion - gas 1.00
Utility oil turbines -1.08
Utility oil reciprocating engines -1.08
Utility gas turbines 0.00
Utility gas reciprocating engines 0.00
Industrial external combustion - oil - general 0.24
N J Utility external combustion - coal 1.17
Utility external combustion - oil 4.30
Utility external combustion - gas 1.93
Industrial gas turbines 3.07
Utility oil turbines 4.30
Utility oil reciprocating engines 4.30
Utility gas turbines 1.93
Utility gas reciprocating engines 1.93
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 3.07
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 3.07
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-34
-------
TABLE J-6 (continued)
State
SIC a description
Growth rate, % per year
NY
OH
PA
Rl
Utility external combustion - coal
Utility external combustion - oil
Utility external combustion - gas
Utility oil turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility gas turbines
Utility gas reciprocating engines
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h
Industrial external combustion - gas - general
Utility external combustion - coal
Utility external combustion - oil
Utility external combustion - gas
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Utility oil turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility gas turbines
Utility gas reciprocating engines
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h
Industrial external combustion - gas - general
Utility external combustion - coal
Utility external combustion - oil
Utility external combustion - gas
Industrial gas turbines
Industrial gas reciprocating engines
Utility oil turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility gas turbines
Utility gas reciprocating engines
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h
Industrial external combustion - gas - cogeneration
Industrial external combustion - gas - general
Utility external combustion - coal
Utility external combustion - oil
Utility external combustion - gas
Utility oil turbines
Utility oil reciprocating engines
Utility gas turbines
Utility gas reciprocating engines
Industrial external combustion - oil - cogeneration
Industrial external combustion - oil - general
4.73
-1.77
-1.47
-1.77
-1.77
-1.47
-1.47
2.51
2.51
0.81
-6.35
12.32
0.71
-6.35
-6.35
12.32
12.32
0.71
0.71
0.83
-1.90
10.29
0.99
0.99
-1.90
-1.90
10.29
10.29
0.99
0.99
0.99
24.75
-5.71
2.11
-5.71
-5.71
2.11
2.11
-0.47
-0.47
a Standard Industrial Classification code
(continued)
J-35
-------
TABLE J-6 (concluded)
State SICa description Growth rate, % per year
TN Utility external combustion - coal 2.84
Utility external combustion - oil 7.82
Utility external combustion - gas -1.76
Industrial gas turbines 6.49
Industrial gas reciprocating engines 6.49
Utility oil turbines 7.82
Utility oil reciprocating engines 7.82
Utility gas turbines -1.76
Utility gas reciprocating engines -1.76
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 6.49
VT Utility external combustion - coal 0.00
Utility external combustion - oil 24.35
Utility external combustion - gas 17.97
Utility oil turbines 24.35
Utility oil reciprocating engines 24.35
Utility gas turbines 17.97
Utility gas reciprocating engines 17.97
Industrial external combustion - gas - cogeneration 1.49
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 1.49
VA Utility external combustion - coal 6.10
Utility external combustion - oil -0.53
Utility external combustion - gas 20.89
Industrial external combustion - nonfossil fuel 8.69
Commercial/institutional - other 8.69
Utility oil turbines -0.53
Utility oil reciprocating engines -0.53
Utility gas turbines 20.89
Utility gas reciprocating engines 20.89
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 8.69
Industrial external combustion - gas - cogeneration 8.69
WV Utility external combustion - coal -1.35
Utility external combustion - oil -1.50
Utility external combustion - gas 0.00
Industrial gas turbines 0.92
Industrial gas reciprocating engines 0.92
Utility oil turbines -1.50
Utility oil reciprocating engines -1.50
Utility gas turbines 0.00
Utility gas reciprocating engines 0.00
Industrial external combustion - gas < 100 MMBTU/h 0.92
Industrial external combustion - gas - general 0.92
a Standard Industrial Classification code
J-36
-------
APPENDIX K
2005 BASELINE AREA SOURCE STATE AND COUNTY
CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
TABLE K-1. STATEWIDE 2005 AREA-SOURCE CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
Control efficiency, %
State
07a
09
18
22
23
30
31
36
41
47
a
b
Connecticut
District of
Columbia
Kentucky
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Ohio
Rhode Island
Vermont
AEROS State Code
Area Source Classifies
54^
61
62
101
103
106
54
101
103
54
101
103
104
106
54
101
102
103
54
101
102
103
104
106
101
103
54
61
62
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
109
54
101
103
104
106
54
103
54
103
tion Codi
Source category
Gasoline Marketed
Managed Burning - Prescribed
Agricultural Field Burning
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Gasoline Marketed
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Gasoline Marketed
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Gasoline Marketed
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Fugitives from SOCMI
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Gasoline Marketed
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Fugitives from SOCMI
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Gasoline Marketed
Managed Burning - Prescribed
Agricultural Field Burning
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Fugitives from SOCMI
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
Process Emissions - Bakeries
Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Process Emissions - Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing
Hazardous Waste TSDFs
Gasoline Marketed
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Gasoline Marketed
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Gasoline Marketed
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
9
voc
51.87
00.00
100.00
95.00
65.10
63.60
51.87
95.00
65.10
51.87
85.62
65.10
51.35
63.60
51.87
85.62
33.15
65.10
51.87
85.62
33.15
65.10
51.35
63.60
85.62
65.10
51.87
86.63
72.35
85.62
33.15
65.10
51.35
13.60
63.60
54.40
11.88
51.87
85.62
65.10
51.35
63.60
51.87
65.10
51.87
65.10
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
K-3
-------
TABLE K-2. COUNTY-SPECIFIC 2005 AREA-SOURCE CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
State/County Source Category
08^ DELAWARE/
01 80^ New Castle Co. »
54C Gasoline Marketed
1 01 Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
1 02 Fugitives from SOCMI
1 03 Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
1 04 Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
1 06 Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Control
VOC
51.16
90.25
33.15
65.10
51.35
85.50
efficiency,
NOX
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
%
CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20 MAINE/
0027 Androscoggin Co.
103 Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
65.10 0.00
0.00
0277 Cumberland Co.
0547 KennebecCo.
0595 KnoxCo.
0645 Lincoln Co.
0885 Oxford Co.
1 1 25 Somerset Co.
1183 Waldo Co.
1325 York Co.
21 MARYLAND/
0080 Anne Arundel Co.
0120 Baltimore City
0140 Baltimore Co.
0360 Carroll Co.
0920 Harford Co.
0960 Howard Co.
1 1 60 Montgomery Co.
1300 Prince Georges
-»
4 —
54
61
62
101
103
104
106
22 MASSACHUSETTS/
01 R7 Rprk^hirp .
101
102
103
Gasoline Marketed
Managed Burning - Prescribed
Agricultural Field Burning
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
Fugitives from SOCMI
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
51.87
86.63
72.35
67.50
65.10
51.35
63.60
85.62
33.15
65.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
a AEROS State Code
b AEROS County Code
c Area Source Classification Code
(continued)
K-4
-------
TABLE K-2. (continued)
State/County
Source Category
Control efficiency, %
VOC NOv
CO
33 NEW YORK/
0600 Bronx Co.
3440 Kings Co.
4520 Nassau Co.
4660 New York Co.
5660 Queens Co.
5720 Richmond Co.
5780 RocklandCo.
6580 Suffolk Co.
7320 Westchester Co.
39 PENNSYLVANIA/
0100 Allegheny Co.
0260 Armstrong Co.
0560 Beaver Co.
1200 Bucks Co.
1260 Butler Co.
1660 Chester Co.
2180 Cumberland Co.
2340 Dauphin Co.
2360 Delaware Co.
4640 Lackawanna Co.
4940 LehighCo.
5220 LuzerneCo.
6000 Montgomery Co.
6580 Northampton Co.
7120 Perry Co.
7160 Philadelphia Co.
9200 Washington Co.
9330 Westmoreland Co.
9560 York Co.
54 Gasoline Marketed
103 Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
104 Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
106 Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
54.37
65.10
51.35
63.60
54 Gasoline Marketed
101 Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations
103 Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants
104 Petroleum Refinery Fugitives
106 Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
51.87
85.62
65.10
51.35
63.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(continued)
K-5
-------
TABLE K-2. (concluded)
County
SCC
Control efficiency, %
VOC NCX
CO
48 VIRGINIA/
0080 Alexandria
0200 Arlington Co.
0710 Chesapeake
1040 Fairfax
1060 Fairfax Co.
1080 Falls Church
1440 Hampton
1500 HenricoCo.
1760 LoudounCo.
1880 Manassas
1900 Martinsville
2120 Newport News
2140 Norfolk
2440 Portsmouth
2520 Prince William
2660 Richmond
3040 Stafford Co.
3080 Suffolk
3240 Virginia Beach
54 Gasoline Marketed 51.87 0.00 0.00
101 Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations 98.01 0.00 0.00
103 Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants 65.10 0.00 0.00
104 Petroleum Refinery Fugitives 51.35 0.00 0.00
106 Process Emissions - Pharmaceutical 63.60 0.00 0.00
Manufacturing
K-6
-------
APPENDIX L
MOBILE4 INPUT RECORDS FOR ROMNET SCENARIOS
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
-------
TABLE L-1. MOBILE4 INPUTS: 1985 BASE CASE, NO I/M PROGRAMS
1 PROMPT - vertical flag input, no prompt ing»TCLEAN version 08/03/
ROMNET no I/M - MOBILE 4 (TCLEAN version 08/03/89)
1 TAMFLG - default tampering rates
1 SPDFLG - one speed per scenario for all IV
3 VMFLAG - REWEIGHTED vmt mix
1 MYMRFG - default registration and mileage accrual rates
1 NEWFLG - default exhaust emission rates
1 IMFLAG - BASIC I/M program
1 ALHFLG - no additional correction factor inputs
1 ATPFLG - NO anti-tampering program
1 RLFLAG - no refueling losses
1 LOCFLG - read in local area parameters as 2nd req sc rec
1 TEMFLG - calculate exhaust temperatures
3 OUTFMT--
4 PRTFLG - print exhaust HC, CO and NOx emission factor results
1 IDLFLG - do not print idle emissions results
2 NMHFLG - print NMHC
2 1 1 HCFLAG.ISCEN.METH - print HC components
.726.130.088.016.000.000.040.000
1 85 19.6 40.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 35. 45. 11.5 9.0 89
1 85 45.0 40.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 35. 45. 11.5
9.0 89
1 85 50.0 40.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET
C 35. 45. 11.5 9.0 89
1 85 19.6 40.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
L-3
-------
TABLE L-2. MOBILE4 INPUTS: 1985 BASE CASE, BASIC I/M PROGRAM
1 PROMPT - vertical flag input, no prompting»TCLEAN version 08/03/
Basic ROMNET I/M - MOBILE 4 (TCLEAN version 08/03/89)
1 TAMFLG - default tampering rates
1 SPDFLG - one speed per scenario for all IV
3 VMFLAG - REWEIGHTED vmt mix
1 MYMRFG - default registration and mileage accrual rates
1 NEUFLG - default exhaust emission rates
2 IMFLAG - BASIC I/M program
1 ALHFLG - no additional correction factor inputs
1 ATPFLG - NO anti-tamper ing program
1 RLFLAG - no refueling losses
1 LOCFLG - read in local area parameters as 2nd req sc rec
1 TEMFLG - calculate exhaust temperatures
8 OUTFMT -
4 PRTFLG - print exhaust HC, CO and NOx emission factor results
1 IDLFLG - do not print idle emissions results
2 NMHFLG - print NMHC
2 1 1 HCFLAG.ISCEN.METH - print HC components
.726.130.088.016.000.000.040.000
83 20 68 20 5 5 100 1 1 2221 1 11
1 85 19.6 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 85 45.0 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET
C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 85 50.0 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
L-4
-------
TABLE L-3. MOBILE4 INPUTS: 2005 BASELINE, NO I/M PROGRAMS
1 PROMPT - no prompting «» 85 degrees mean temp, 20 degree rang
ROMNET 2005 Base Case - No I/M - MOBILE 4 (TCLEAN version 08/03/89)
1 TAMFLG - default tampering rates
1 SPDFLG - one speed per scenario for all IV
3 VMFLAG - REWEIGHTED vmt mix
1 MYMRFG - default registration and mileage accrual rates
1 NEWFLG - default exhaust emission rates
1 IMFLAG - NO I/M program
1 ALHFLG - no additional correction factor inputs
1 ATPFLG - NO anti-tamper ing program
1 RLFLAG - no refueling losses
1 LOCFLG - read in local area parameters as 2nd req sc rec
1 TEMFLG - calculate exhaust temperatures
3 OUTFMT -
4 PRTFLG - print exhaust HC, CO and NOx emission factor results
1 IDLFLG - do not print idle emissions results
2 NMHFLG - print NMHC
2 2 1 HCFLAG.ISCEN.METH - print HC components
.357.357.710 93 OMS GENERAL-PURPOSE EVAP STANDARD REDUCTION ESTIMATES
.740.122.091.016.000.000.031.000
1 5 19.6 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 5 45.0 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 5 50.0 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
L-5
-------
TABLE L-4. MQBILE4 INPUTS: 2005 BASELINE, BASIC I/M PROGRAMS
1 PROMPT - no prompting «» 85 degree mean temp, 20 degree range
ROMNET 2005 Base Case - Basic I/M - MOBILE 4 (TCLEAN version 08/03/89)
1 TAMFLG - default tampering rates
1 SPDFLG - one speed per scenario for all IV
3 VMFLAG - REWEIGHTED vmt mix
1 MYMRFG - default registration and mileage accrual rates
1 NEWFLG - default exhaust emission rates
2 IMFLAG - BASIC I/M program
1 ALHFLG - no additional correction factor inputs
1 ATPFLG - NO anti-tampering program
1 RLFLAG - no refueling losses
1 LOCFLG - read in local area parameters as 2nd req sc rec
1 TEMFLG - calculate exhaust temperatures
3 OUTFMT--
4 PRTFLG - print exhaust HC, CO and NOx emission factor results
1 IDLFLG - do not print idle emissions results
2 NMHFLG - print NMHC
2 2 1 HCFLAG.ISCEN.METH - print HC components
.357.357.710 93 QMS GENERAL-PURPOSE EVAP STANDARD REDUCTION ESTIMATES
.740.122.091.016.000.000.031.000
83 20 68 20 5 5 100 1 1 2221 1 11
1 5 19.6 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 5 45.0 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 5 50.0 85.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET C 75. 95. 11.5 9.o 89
L-6
-------
TABLE L-5. MOBILE4 INPUTS: MAXIMUM TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY
1 PROMPT - vertical flag input, no prompting»TCLEAN version 08/03/
"MAXOUT" MAX MOBILE CONTROLS -- ENH I/M, Evap+Ph 2 afull pen, no C.F.s 2/16/
1 TAMFLG - default tampering rates
1 SPDFLG - one speed per scenario for all IV
3 VMFLAG - ROMNET vmt mix (LDD and MC reallocated)
1 MYMRFG - default registration and mileage accrual rates
2 NEUFLG - PREZBILL exhaust emission rates
2 IMFLAG - MAX ENHANCED I/M program
1 ALHFLG - no additional correction factor inputs
2 ATPFLG - FOUR-ITEM anti-tampering program
5 RLFLAG - ZERO OUT refueling losses
1 LOCFLG - read in local area parameters as 2nd req sc rec
1 TEMFLG - calculate exhaust temperatures (l-use max.min; 2-use amb
3 OUTFMT - 3 gives MOBILE4 112 column descriptive output, 1 gives n
4 PRTFLG - print exhaust HC, CO and NOX emission factor results
1 IDLFLG - do not print idle emissions results
2 NMHFLG - print NMHC
2 2 1 HCFLAG.ISCEN.METH - print HC components
.357.357.710 93 OMS GENERAL—PURPOSE EVAP STANDARD REDUCTION ESTIMATES
.740.122.091.016.000.000.031.990 ROMNET/NEDS REALLOCATION OF MOBILE VMT
9 reduced set of emission stds for full penetration
-- for 10 yr useful life
1 1 1 95 20
1 1 3 95 20
1 2 1 95 20
1 2 3 95 20
1 3 1 95 20
1 3 3 95 20
1 5 1 95 20
1 6 1 95 20
1 7 3 95 20
83 20 68 20
.085
.127
.14
.35
.22
.64
.21
.27
3.11
5 5 100
.028
.017
.05
.03
.08
.04
.03
.04
.0
1 1
.028
2222 3 11
note: NEDS/ROMNET has no LDDV or LDDT (5,6
91 68 20 2222 11 100. 22221111
1 20 19.6 86.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET TCLEAN C 75. 95. 11.5 7.0 89
1 20 45.0 86.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET TCLEAN C 75. 95. 11.5 7.0 89
1 20 50.0 86.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET TCLEAN C 75. 95. 11.5 7.0 89
L-7
-------
TABLE L-6. MOBILE4 INPUTS: CLEAN AIR ACT STRATEGY
1 PROMPT - vertical flag input, no prompting»TCLEAN version 08/03/89
CROMEIM -- ENHANCED I/M.HC+NOx STDS ROMNET PREZBILL TCLEAN NO C.F.s»10/4/89
1 TAMFLG - default tampering rates
1 SPDFLG - one speed per scenario for all IV
1 VMFLAG - default vmt mix
1 MYMRFG - default registration and mileage accrual rates
2 NEUFLG - PREZBILL exhaust emission rates
2 IMFLAG - ENHANCED I/M program
1 ALHFLG - no additional correction factor inputs
2 ATPFLG - FOUR-ITEM anti-tampering program
1 RLFLAG - no refueling losses
1 LOCFLG - read in local area parameters as 2nd req sc rec
1 TEMFLG - calculate exhaust temperatures
3 OUTPUT - MOBILE4 112 column descriptive output format
4 PRTFLG - print exhaust HC, CO and NOx emission factor results
1 IDLFLG - do not print idle emissions results
2 NMHFLG - print NMHC
2 2 1 HCFLAG.ISCEN.HETH - print HC components
.350.350.710 93
31
1 1 1 93 93 .27 .06 .08
1 1 1 94 94 .26 .06 .08
1 1 1 95 95 .23 .06 .08
1 1 1 96 96 .21 .06 .08
1 1 1 97 20 .20 .06 .08
1 1 3 94 94 .48 .03
1 1 3 95 20 .25 .03
1 2 1 94 94 .34 .08
1 2 1 95 95 .32 .08
1 2 1 96 96 .26 .08
1 2 1 97 97 .22 .08
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1 2 3 95 95 .56 .03
1 2 3 96 20 .34 .03
1 3 1 94 94 .35 .08
1 3 1 95 95 .34 .08
1 3 1 96 96 .29 .08
1 3 1 97 97 .25 .08
1 3 1 98 20 .22 .08
1 3 3 95 95 .65 .04
3 3 96 20 .46 .04
5 1 93 93 .28 .03
5 1 94 94 .27 .03
5 1 95 95 .24 .03
5 1 96 96 .22 .03
5 1 97 20 .21 .03
6 1 94 94 .42 .04
6 1 95 95 .41 .04
6 1 96 96 .35 .04
1 6 1 97 97 .30 .04
1 6 1 98 20 .27 .04
83 20 68 20 5 5 100 1 2 2222 1 11
91 68 20 2222 12 100. 22221111
1 05 19.6 86.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET TCLEAN D 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 05 45.0 86.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET TCLEAN D 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
1 05 50.0 86.0 20.6 27.3 20.6
ROMNET TCLEAN D 75. 95. 11.5 9.0 89
L-8
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APPENDIX M
LAYER 1 EPISODE MAXIMUM OZONE CONCENTRATIONS
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JUNE 1983
M-3
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Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JUNE 8, 1983 - JUNE 20, 1983
Creation date= 21SEP90 Scenario= 2005 BASE CASE
1 71 71 71 73 72 71 70 69 70 93 81 73
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r2105117 97 73 69 70 78 70 68 84 91 87 92103103 94 86 9812413615(153181 IS4IT^i4jJl*9»t
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Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JUNES, 1983 - JUNE 20, 1983
Creation date= 21SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 19
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JULY 1985
M-7
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Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 7, 1985 - JULY 22, 1985
Creation date= 260CT90 Scenario= 1985 BASE CASE
84
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AUGUST 1985
M-11
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Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for AUGUST 7, 1985 - AUGUST 16, 1985
Creation date= 260CT90 Scenario= 1985 BASE CASE
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JULY 1988
M-15
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Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= PHASE I 1985 BASE CASE
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 260CT90 Scenario= 1985 BASE CASE
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= PHASE I 2005 BASELINE
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= PHASE II 2005 BASELINE
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation fOm»4«milUDJ 9610010611
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 2
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 3
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 5
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 6
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 7
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 8
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 2NOV90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 9
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 8MAY90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 10
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 8MAY90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 11
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 8MAY90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 12
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 8MAY90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 13
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 8MAY90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 14
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 8MAY90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 15
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 20SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 16
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 25SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 17
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 25SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 18
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 25SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 19
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 20SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 20
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Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 25SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 21
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 25SEP90 Scenorio= 2005 CONTROL 22
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 21SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 23
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 21SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 24
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-------
Episode Maximum Ozone(ppb) Layer 1 for JULY 2, 1988 - JULY 17, 1988
Creation date= 21SEP90 Scenario= 2005 CONTROL 25
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APPENDIX N
TECHNICAL APPROACHES TO INTERFACE THE ROM
WITH UAM PROCESSORS
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N.1 ATTRIBUTES OF THE REGIONAL AND URBAN MODELS RELEVANT TO INTERFACING
Although both models are Eulerian grid models, differences in the framework of their three-dimensional
grids have to be addressed prior to the development of approaches for interfacing the ROM system data
with the UAM components. Fortunately, interfacing in the time dimension was straightforward since
both model systems have a 1-hour time resolution in common. Output results from the ROM and pro-
cessors contained in the retrieved data files are available at hourly intervals, which is the time interval
required of input data for the UAM preprocessor and model programs. The time period of the ROM
results in the retrieved data files will also span a full 24-h period beginning at midnight of the day being
simulated by the UAM, or two consecutive 24-h periods if a 2-day UAM simulation is planned.
Notable differences in the horizontal and vertical grid dimensions exist between these models that had
to be reconciled to properly interface the ROM results with the UAM system components. In the hori-
zontal dimension, the UAM is applied with a finer-mesh grid spacing and over a substantially smaller
domain than that of the ROM. As described in Section 2.2, the horizontal framework of the ROM is based
on the latitude-longitude system. Columns are north-south along longitude lines and rows are oriented
in an east-west direction along latitude lines with the horizontal resolution set at 1/4 degree of longitude
by 1/e degree of latitude. These specifications translate into a horizontal grid spacing of about 18.5 km
in mid-latitudes. The ROM grid for the ROMNET region, as depicted in Figure 2-1, consists of 64 col-
umns by 52 rows. Each grid point shown is situated at the lower left corner of a grid cell. In contrast, the
horizontal grid framework of the UAM is based on the Cartesian coordinate system. Horizontal grid
spacing is specified by the user, and has generally been defined to be from 2 km to 8 km. For a typical
urban application, the spatial domain of the UAM is generally on the order of 200 km, whereas the much
larger ROMNET domain spans about 1,000 km on each side. Clearly, a relatively small subregion of the
ROM domain would provide sufficient overlap of a particular UAM domain.
The appropriate spatial coverage of the ROM gridded parameters in a particular UAM application is
provided from information supplied by the user during the data retrieval step. Figure N-1 demonstrates
how the ROM grid points overlap the UAM domain for applications with the interface programs. The
data files generated for the interface programs by the GMISS retrieval system contain parameters from
all ROM grid cells whose midpoints lie inside the UAM domain and in a surrounding buffer zone con-
sisting of two grid points outside each UAM boundary. The various parameters and concentrations at
the ROM grid points surrounding the UAM domain are particularly useful in the specification of boundary
values for the urban model.
N-3
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Differences in the vertical structure and number of vertical levels between the models also presented a
challenge for interfacing several parameters. The height of the diffusion break, widely known as the
mixing height, is the key reference height in the DAM system that separates the lower and upper level
cells. The user specifies the number of prognostic UAM vertical levels below the diffusion break and the
number of upper levels situated between the diffusion break and the model's region top height. Lower
levels are of equal thickness, and each level expands or contracts according to the temporal behavior of
the diffusion break. The thickness of the UAM upper level(s) is controlled by the difference between the
region top and the diffusion break heights. In contrast to the UAM vertical framework, the ROM exhibits
three prognostic layers which vary spatially and temporally as described in Section 2.2.1.
N.2 TREATMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL AND SURFACE PARAMETERS
N.2.1 Diffusion Break and Region Top Heights
The variation of vertical levels in the UAM is dictated by the diffusion break and region top heights. In
particular, the diffusion break (ZDB) is the key reference height which separates the sets of lower and
upper levels in the model and it serves as the boundary between the differing stability regimes that
characterize these two vertical groups of levels. Hourly values of the diffusion break are needed by
several interface programs as well as a UAM preprocessor. However, as noted earlier, none of the ROM
layer heights emulates the diurnally-varying diffusion break height. Consequently, interfacing of ZDB
values was not feasible for this version of the interface programs. Users should refer to the description
of DIFFBREAK in Volume II of the UAM User's Guide (Morris et a/., 1990b) for a methodology to derive
hourly diffusion break values. Since other interface programs require a ZDB file, the development of this
data file must be one of the initial tasks to be performed.
A preprocessor program contained within the interface package has been developed to generate a for-
matted 'packet' file compatible with the input format specifications of the DFSNBK preprocessor. A set
of 24 hourly diffusion break heights is needed by interface programs if the UAM will be simulating a
single day. For a 2-day UAM application, hourly diffusion break values for two full days must be pre-
pared.
The region top height (Zj) defines the total extent of the UAM domain in the vertical dimension. The
magnitude and time variation of Zy is important in model applications since the thickness of upper
level(s) is determined from the difference between Zj and the diffusion break height for each hour.
N-4
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Additionally, ZT should be sufficiently high that elevated point source plumes remain within one of the
model's vertical levels. If a point source plume rises above ZT, its emissions are above the model
domain and are not considered in the model simulation.
The interface method to derive ZT uses the height of ROM layer 2. During the nocturnal period, ROM
layer 2 height was designed to represent the vertical extent of the previous day's mixed layer. In the
region top interface, a DAM domain-wide average height of layer 2 is determined from the ROM gridded
values for each hour of the simulation day. The lowest average layer 2 height value (Zmmm) is chosen
as the initial region top height at the beginning hour of the DAM simulation, which is expected be any
hour prior to sunrise on the day being modeled. The region top height is allowed to vary temporally,
however; like ZDB, no spatial variation has been imposed on ZT in this version of the interface. The
hourly variation of ZT in the interface is described in equation (1).
max-^DBmin)] (1)
where:
ZT(O = region top height at hour t
ZDB({) - diffusion break height at hour f
= morning minimum diffusion break height
= afternoon maximum diffusion break height
AZ = minimum upper thickness interval = DZU - IZU
DZU = upper level minimum thickness criterion
IZU = number of upper levels
^ 1,000m (minimum criterion)
An example of the variation of ZT by applying equation (1) and the temporal variation of ZDB are illus-
trated in Figure N-2. The region top height increases gradually during the post-sunrise period and
reaches its highest value in the afternoon when ZDB reaches a maximum. The weighting function inside
the brackets in equation (1) is based on the temporal variation of ZDB and it controls the behavior of ZT.
The region top height descends gradually during the evening and nocturnal hours, while ZDB generally
N-5
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decreases much more dramatically. During the time period after the maximum ZDB has been reached,
equation (1) continues to specify the behavior of Z-p However, a new minimum ROM average layer 2
height, computed from values from the next day, is substituted for ZR2mjn. Thus, in a single day simu-
lation, the retrieved data file of layer 2 heights must contain the ROM results from two consecutive days.
It is also evident from Figure N-2 that Zj remains above ZDB witn tnis formulation because a minimum
thickness criterion (DZU) has also been implemented. At the time of ZoBmax. Zj is greater than ZDB by at
least the product of the upper level minimum thickness (DZU) and the number of upper levels (IZU). This
requirement also ensures that the upper levels remain above ZDB at all hours of the model simulation. In
the test case, the value for DZU was set to 100 m.
The interface program for region top also requires a gridded terrain elevation file since ROM layer 2
height values have been written as altitudes above sea level. An additional input file for the region top
interface includes the hourly values of ZDB for a 24-h period for single day simulations. The output file
created by the region top interface (IREGNTP) is in a compatible format for direct input to the REGNTP
preprocessor program.
N.2.2 Meteorological Scalars
There are six parameters that must be specified on an hourly basis in an input file for the METSCL pre-
processor. Table N-1 provides a list of the meteorological scalar parameters and a brief description of
each variable. No spatial variation has been built into METSCL for these parameters. Five of the six
parameters are specified or derived with retrieved data files from the ROM system. Atmospheric pres-
sure (ATMOSPRESS) has not been interfaced. A default value of 1.0 atm (i.e., 1 atm = 1013.25 mb for a
standard atmosphere) has been set for this parameter for each hour. However, a user may wish to
substitute atmospheric pressure measurements, if available, in place of this default value in the for-
matted packet file (MSPACK) generated by the interface program.
The vertical temperature gradients represent layer-average values below and above the diffusion break
height. Upper-air rawinsonde temperature profiles obtained twice-daily at National Weather Service
sites have been interpolated at 50-m increments and to hourly intervals by a ROM processor (Young et
al. 1989). During the data retrieval phase, the interpolated temperature profiles from upper-air site(s)
located within the DAM domain are provided and the user has the ability to request one or more addi-
tional sites. However, before applying the retrieved temperature profiles in the interface, a user should
N-6
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examine the representativeness of the temperature profiles at a particular site for the meteorological
conditions existing over the domain during the simulation period; particularly profiles from any selected
site located outside the model domain.
The individual temperature gradients at 50-m intervals from the upper-air site(s) are used to compute the
hourly layer-average values below and above the diffusion break. During nocturnal hours when a
surface-based inversion layer often exists, positive values for TGRADBELOW can be expected.
Although notable spatial variations in the nocturnal low-level temperature structure have been found
within large urban areas (Godowitch et al. 1987), values of these variables are assumed to be spatially
invariant in the current version of the METSCL. During the daytime period, values of TGRADBELOW
should be close to the adiabatic lapse rate (-0.010 K/m) or even slightly super-adiabatic, while daytime
values of TGRADABOVE are expected to reflect a slightly stable (d77dZ > -0.01 K/m) layer or an inver-
sion lapse rate (positive dT/dZ).
The exposure class (EXPCLASS) is a unitless index with values ranging between -2 and 3. It is intended
to be an indicator of the atmospheric stability near the surface due to either solar heating or radiational
cooling. The methodology applied to derive hourly EXPCLASS values is presented in Table N-2. EXP-
CLASS depends on the solar zenith angle and cloud cover. A retrieved ROM file of gridded fractional
cloud cover values interpolated from observations (Young ef al. 1989) is used to compute an hourly
domain-wide average fractional cloud cover. The latitude-longitude of the middle of the UAM domain is
adequate for the solar zenith angle calculations. Table N-2 reveals that positive EXPCLASS values
occur during daytime hours and negative values are restricted to the nocturnal period. The cloud cover
criteria are applied to account for the attenuation of solar insolation or reduced radiational cooling due
to the presence of clouds during the day and nocturnal hours, respectively. In the midday period when
solar insolation is a maximum, the highest possible EXPCLASS value of +3 is achieved if the cloud cover
fraction is under 50%. This methodology is identical to the scheme employed by Morris ef al. (1990b).
The NO2 photolysis rate constant (RADFACTOR) is an important parameter since it impacts the photo-
chemical reactions built into the carbon-bond chemical mechanism. A matrix of NOa photolysis rate
constants (Demerjian ef al., 1980) dependent on zenith angle and altitude has been incorporated into
the interface program (IMETSCL) to compute the RADFACTOR along with the date, time, diffusion break
height and latitude-longitude position. In contrast to the other metscalar parameters, which are speci-
fied at the beginning of each hour, the model defines RADFACTOR values at the end of each hour and
performs a linear interpolation from hourly values to individual time steps. Consequently, the
RADFACTOR value is computed with the solar zenith angle at the end of each hour. In addition, a
RADFACTOR value is also generated for the hour before the beginning hour of model simulation. Dur-
N-7
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ing nocturnal hours, RADFACTOR is near zero and night-time chemistry takes place. When the RAD-
FACTOR exceeds a threshold value of +0.011 min-1, the model switches to the daytime photochemical
mechanism. Clear-sky values for RADFACTOR are currently computed by this version of the interface
for use in the UAM (CB-IV) model.
The concentration of water vapor (CONCWATER) in the lower atmosphere is also a metscalar parameter
needed by the model. A domain-wide average value is computed for each hour with the ROM hourly
gridded water vapor concentrations from layer 1.
N.2.3 Surface Air-Temperature Field
Hourly surface temperatures are needed by the TMPRTR preprocessor program. A retrieved ROM file
containing hourly gridded surface air temperatures interpolated from National Weather Service sites
(Young et a/. 1989) is utilized by the ITMPRTR program to generate a formatted file for input into the
TMPRTR preprocessor program. No spatial interpolation is performed in the interface program. The
function of the interface program is to reformat the gridded ROM values into a compatible format for
TMPRTR, which spatially interpolates temperatures to the UAM grids. The user may examine the for-
matted packet file produced by the interface, and quality- assured hourly temperature data from non-
gridded sites if available, may be inserted into this file before processing it in the TMPRTR preprocessor.
N.2.4 Wind Fields
An accurate representation of the 3-dimensional wind flow over the domain is crucial to the model's
ability to simulate the magnitudes and spatial patterns of pollutant species. Wind fields from ROM
layers 1 and 2 are used in the wind interface program (IWIND).
In the ROM 2.1, the wind field for layer 1 is generated from observed surface data. Layer-average wind
components for layer 2 are derived from upper-air wind data, however, surface winds are also given
some weight in the determination of the gridded winds in this layer (Young ef a/. 1989). The wind field
from ROM layer 3 has been excluded from consideration in this interface since layer 3 generally repre-
sents the flow above the UAM domain.
A practical methodology was developed to interface the ROM gridded wind fields into the multiple levels
of the urban model for any used-defined vertical configuration. In order to capture the important diurnal
variations that often occur in the wind structure, the gridded winds from ROM layers 1 and 2 are applied
in the wind interface. The approach designed to match the ROM layer winds into the UAM vertical cells
N-8
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is outlined in Table N-3. The gridded heights of ROM layer 1 are compared to the heights of the bottom
and top of each UAM level. If a UAM level is completely imbedded in ROM layer 1, then the gridded
layer 1 wind components are specified for that level. For any DAM levels entirely above ROM layer 1,
then ROM layer 2 winds are applied to define transport. For the condition where a DAM level overlaps
both ROM layers, weighting factors based on the fractional amounts that the UAM level overlaps each
layer are applied to the wind components of each ROM layer to determine the wind components.
The wind interface also applies certain methods found in the Diagnostic Wind Model (DWM) system, one
of the principal program components of the UAM system. After the wind components have been
matched into each UAM vertical level, an inverse distance-squared weighting technique (equation 2) is
applied to spatially interpolate the wind components, still at the resolution of the ROM grid points, to the
fine-mesh UAM grid points. The spatial interpolation procedure is applied to each wind component field
at each vertical level.
(2)
n-l
where
(u, v) (/ = wind components at UAM grid point /, y
(a „, v „) = the ROM wind components at grid point n
N = maximum of five surrounding ROM grid point values
r = distance between UAM grid point and a ROM grid point
Using equation (2), the wind components at UAM grid point /,/ are determined from values at the nearest
surrounding ROM grid points. A default maximum radius of influence (RMAX) of 25 km has been
imposed for this purpose so that only the nearby ROM grid points are included in the interpolation pro-
cedure. If RMAX was set too large, unwanted smoothing could occur in the interpolated field. Values
from up to five ROM grid points may be used in the interpolation expression in equation (2). Another
constraint required when applying an inverse-distance weighting method is to supply a minimum dis-
tance criterion since the distance between two grid points must always be nonzero (division by zero
produces an error on many computer systems). Therefore, a minimum distance (RMIN) of 1 km is
suggested between a pair of ROM and UAM grid points.
N-9
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The next step is to subject the interpolated wind components to a five-point filter technique, which
reduces any spatial discontinuities and dampens vertical velocities contained in the interpolated hori-
zontal wind field. The purpose of applying the filter is also to reduce anomalous divergence as much as
possible. The form of the five-point filter is given by:
0.5 •*(!,/) + 0.125 •[*(* + l,7)+*(i- 1 , ;) + *(i, j- I ) + X(i, j + 1 )] (3)
where X is either the u or v wind component, and Xsm is the smoothed value.
Only values at the surrounding four UAM grid points are employed in this filter technique at a given grid
point (/, J). The number of times that the wind component field is subjected to the filter method is speci-
fied by the value of NSMTH. In the test case, NSMTH was set equal to 2.
Next, an initial vertical velocity field is computed at each level from the divergence derived from the
smoothed horizontal wind component fields. Unrealistically large vertical velocities may still remain.
Consequently, a method applied in the DWM has also been implemented in the wind interface that pro-
gressively diminishes vertical velocities toward zero at the region top (Douglas etal. 1 990). However, the
horizontal wind component fields are not mass-consistent after vertical velocities have been revised in
this manner. Therefore, a final procedure is to exercise an iterative technique in order to minimize
divergence which involves slight adjustments of the horizontal wind components throughout the entire
grid until a minimum divergence criterion is reached (default minimum divergence = 1x10-6 S-1). The
final products of the wind interface are gridded fields of u,v components at each UAM level. An example
of the wind field at level 1 for a UAM domain obtained from the ROM gridded winds according to these
procedures is displayed in Figure N-3.
An optional feature also exists in the interface to allow the user to input a wind field file, already gridded
for the UAM domain, which had been generated from another wind model. The interface can accept the
wind file and create a binary wind file compatible with the UAM. The user is referred to Tang et al. (1 990)
for the input format specifications of an alternate wind file for the interface program.
An alternative to wind interfacing is the DWM system, which is a stand-alone independent package
available to the user with the UAM (CB-IV) system (Douglas et al., 1990). If the user elects to apply the
DWM, surface and upper-air wind data must be processed in order to exercise the computer programs
associated with this wind model. The DWM system has a postprocessor program which generates a
binary wind file for the UAM.
N-10
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N.2.5 Surface Characteristics
The two surface characteristics required by the DAM are gridded fields of surface roughness length
(ROUGHNESS) and the VEGFACTOR, a measure of the relative surface uptake capability of a particular
land use type compared to that of an alfalfa crop.
An interface program has been developed to directly apply the gridded ROM fields of surface roughness
length (Z0) and a land use inventory available at the resolution of the ROM grid is employed to derive
grid-average vegetation factor values. Both of these surface parameters are employed to treat dry
deposition processes in the DAM and Z0 values are also applied in the derivation of vertical diffusivity in
the model.
An area-weighting scheme was selected as a more appropriate approach than the distance-weighting
scheme for the determination of UAM gridded values for these surface parameters from gridded ROM
values. With the area-weighting technique, the fractional amounts of each UAM cell covered by different
ROM cells are determined. An algorithm based on slopes and intercepts between grid cell lines accu-
rately computes the fractional area of a UAM grid cell covered by any ROM cell. An example of the
area-weighting scheme is provided by a subset of the ROM and UAM grid cells in Figure N-4. For UAM
cell U1, contributions from all four ROM cells would be fractionally weighted to determine the grid-area
average value. On the other hand, grid-area average value for U4 would be specified totally by R4 since
U4 is completely inside ROM cell R4. The number of ROM grid cells impacting a particular UAM cell is
certainly dependent on the horizontal grid cell size of the urban model. As grid cell size decreases, more
UAM grid cells may be completely imbedded in a single ROM grid cell since the ROM grids remains fixed
at about 19 km on a side.
The eleven land use categories contained in the ROM gridded inventory are presented in Table N-4.
The fractional coverage of each land use in each ROM cell comprises the land use inventory data. For
dry deposition in the UAM, a deposition factor ([3) represents the relative surface uptake rate of a par-
ticular land use category compared to an alfalfa crop. Equation 4 was developed to derive an average
vegetation factor for each UAM grid cell.
In equation (4), the areal contribution of each ROM cell to a UAM cell's area (An /Au) is summed in order
to obtain the UAM grid-area average VEGFACTOR value.
Values of ROUGHNESS are also derived for each UAM grid by applying the area-weighting technique to
ROM gridded surface roughness values. The terrain interface processor (ICRETER) creates a binary file
for direct input to the UAM.
N-11
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VEGFACTOR,;= (An/ A J-an (4)
n-l
where: an = Zzm-|3mis the overall vegetative factor for ROM cell n from the fractional amounts of each
land use (Lm) times deposition factor p m for the land use types in Table N-4.
N.3 TREATMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS
The concentrations of 23 chemical species must be specified for initial conditions, lateral boundary
conditions, and top boundary conditions in model applications with the CB-IV version of the DAM. A
complete list of the chemical species and their alphanumeric names designated internally in the UAM
system are provided in Table N-5. Complete details about the development of the carbon-bond
chemical mechanism have been documented by Gery et al. (1 988, 1 989) and its adaptation into the
UAM is fully described in Morris et al. (1990a).
Since both the regional and urban model systems include the CB-IV chemical mechanism, it is possible
to interface the ROM predicted concentrations for all species (except for ETOH, which is not available
from the ROM simulations). However, sensitivity test simulations were undertaken to investigate whether
it is necessary to interface all chemical species. A series of model test simulations involved different sets
of species interfaced with ROM concentrations while the remaining species were prescribed by a mini-
mum default value ( 10-6 ppm). The same results for ozone were achieved by interfacing 17 species
from the ROM as with the full set, while results differed when interfacing fewer species from the ROM.
Limiting the number of species to be interfaced also helped to reduce the size of the concentration file
generated by the retrieval program. Table N-5 also indicates the 17 species interfaced from the ROM
predicted concentrations, which are employed in the derivation of initial, lateral boundary, and top
boundary conditions for the UAM. Although values for the other six species are not derived by the con-
centration interface program, minimum default values are specified in the CHEMPARAM file which is
created by the CPREP preprocessor program for the model.
The most challenging aspect of interfacing concentrations was to develop a method to match the con-
centrations from the three layers of the ROM into a user-specified number of UAM vertical cells and to
design the scheme to be applicable over an entire diurnal period. The methodology outlined in Table
N-6 has been incorporated into the concentration interface (ICONC) program. The approach presented
in the table is versatile since it can accommodate any number of user-defined vertical levels and is
applicable over the entire diurnal cycle. It is also a realistic approach for matching of ROM layer con-
N-12
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centrations into multiple DAM vertical levels based on knowledge of the relationship between the diffu-
sion break height and ROM layer heights with time. This method is applied to obtain concentrations at
the various vertical UAM levels for initial and boundary conditions.
The key feature of the vertical interfacing methodology for lower levels is the weighting scheme, which is
dependent upon the time variation of ZDB- Concentrations of species in lower levels are derived from
equation (5) in Table N-6. It shows that ROM layer 1 and 2 concentrations are applied to specify lower
level values. There is a criterion that if ROM layer 1 height (Zm) is greater than ZDB, ROM layer 1 con-
centrations are exclusively employed to define UAM lower level concentrations. This condition often
exists during nocturnal or early morning hours. As the diffusion break approaches the maximum value
(Zosmax). ^1 approaches zero while FZ goes to unity in equation (8) and (9), respectively. Consequently,
concentrations for lower UAM levels approach the average value of ROM layers 1 and 2. In addition, it is
evident that the same concentrations are specified for all lower levels (i.e. no vertical concentration gra-
dient). The rationale for the lack of a concentration gradient across the lower levels is that mixing is
expected to be sufficiently vigorous below ZDB at any hour that vertical gradients are quickly eliminated
by the model.
Vertical concentration differences have been included in the derivation of values for upper levels
according to equation (6) in Table N-6. Upper level concentrations are controlled by ROM layer 2 and
layer 3 values since the top concentration (Cj) is dependent on ROM layer 3 values. At the beginning
hour of simulation, Cj equals the ROM layer 2 concentration (Cp^ and no vertical concentration gradi-
ent exists across the upper levels. The rationale for this scheme follows from the specification of the
height of ROM layer 2 as the initial value of ZT. In addition, layer 2 represents a rather thick residual layer
of pollutants which have been well-mixed during the previous daytime period. A strong vertical gradient
may develop across the upper levels in the UAM during the day because CT approaches ROM layer 3
concentrations. Layer 3 concentrations are generally near tropospheric background values which can
be considerably lower than layer 2 concentrations in certain areas of the model domain.
The following describes the procedures in the concentration interface (ICONC) which derives initial, lat-
eral boundary, and top boundary conditions of the pollutant species for the UAM.
N-13
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N.3.1 Initial Conditions
The set of initial conditions represents the concentrations of all species in each cell of the model grid at
the starting hour of simulation. Model predicted concentrations are certainly impacted by initial
conditions for some time. However, the influence of initial conditions diminishes as a simulation
progresses.
The procedure applied in the concentration interface (ICONC) for deriving initial concentrations at each
UAM grid cell begins with the use of the vertical method already described in Table N-6. Once concen-
trations have been derived at each UAM vertical level, values must be spatially resolved to each UAM
grid cell by applying the inverse distance-squared interpolation technique described earlier.
In applying the spatial interpolation step prescribed by equation (10), concentrations in ROM grid cells
immediately surrounding each UAM grid cell are included in the interpolation procedure to preserve
horizontal gradients that may exist in the ROM gridded concentration field.
.-n (10)
where
Cm(i< I) = concentration of species m at UAM grid /, y
Cmn = concentration of species m at ROM grid cell n
rn = distance between midpoints of a UAM and a ROM grid cell
Initial concentration fields are determined with the above procedure for the 17 species identified in Table
N-5. The gridded arrays of initial concentrations of these pollutant species are written to a binary file for
direct use in the UAM. Thus, the UAM preprocessor for initial conditions (AIRQUL) will not be exercised
when applying the interface for concentrations. If a user wishes to examine the initial concentration file,
a binary to ASCII conversion program has been included in the interface package (Appendix E, Tang et
a/., 1 990). This conversion program generates a formatted ASCII data file from a binary data file so that
the initial conditions may be examined via any on-line editor or the ASCII formatted file can be listed on
a line printer.
N-14
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N.3.2 Lateral Boundary Conditions
One of the primary purposes for interfacing the ROM and UAM systems is to specify boundary concen-
trations for the urban model from regional model simulation results. A methodology has been designed
to provide for temporally-varying concentrations of each interfaced species at each boundary cell. In the
UAM, the grid cells around the outer edge of the domain at each level constitute the group of lateral
boundary cells (Figure N-4). The first step is to apply the vertical method described earlier to obtain
concentrations at each vertical UAM level for each ROM grid point location. The next procedure consists
of spatially averaging the values from three ROM grid points: the two ROM grid points in each row (or
column) exterior to the UAM domain and the ROM grid point in each row (or column) just inside the
boundary. This averaging step is illustrated with the set of ROM points shown in Figure N-5. The aver-
aging procedure is performed with each set of these ROM grid points for each ROM row and column
around the entire perimeter of the UAM domain. These averaged values represent the boundary values
along each side at the resolution of the ROM grid. The averaging of values over the outermost ROM grid
points provides some spatial smoothing for boundary conditions. The last step is to derive boundary
concentrations at each UAM grid point. Linear interpolation is employed using the averaged ROM val-
ues along each side of the UAM domain to derive boundary concentrations at each UAM grid cell. This
step is repeated to determine boundary concentrations at each vertical level and the entire procedure is
also performed each hour. The lateral boundary concentrations are written to a binary file (BCBIN) for
use in UAM simulations.
N.3.3 Top Boundary Conditions
Boundary concentrations must also be defined at the top of the model domain. The procedures
installed in the ICONC interface allow top boundary values to vary both in time and space in order to take
full advantage of the ROM predicted concentration fields. Top concentrations can have a greater impact
on surface concentrations in a UAM configuration where the diffusion break height and region top height
become identical. However, this feature has been eliminated when interfacing is applied as discussed
above. Nevertheless, top concentrations can still be gradually mixed into the lower levels even across
the rather shallow upper levels. Therefore, top concentrations must be properly specified.
The derivation of the top concentration (C-r) begins with equation (7) in Table N-6. It provides for the
hourly evolution of Cj values at each ROM grid point overlapping the UAM domain. As noted earlier, Cj
has been designed to evolve from ROM layer 2 to layer 3 concentrations during the course of the day-
time period. Then the same inverse distance-squared weighting technique described earlier is
N-15
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employed on CT values at the ROM grid points to resolve concentrations at each DAM grid cell at the top
of the UAM. These steps are repeated hourly to provide for temporally-varying top concentrations for
the UAM. A separate binary output file is generated that contains the top boundary concentrations
(TCBIN).
N.3.4 Summary of Concentration Interfacing
The specification of initial, and lateral and top boundary conditions is a primary objective of the ROM-
DAM interface effort. The methodologies described in the previous sections have been designed to
provide the fullest possible temporal and spatial resolution of concentrations for these key conditions in
the UAM from ROM gridded concentrations. An overview of the steps undertaken to resolve initial,
boundary, and top conditions in the concentration interface is given in Table N-7.
N.4 TREATMENT OF AREA BIOGENIC EMISSIONS
The hourly biogenic area emissions of six species are contained in the retrieved ROM PF144 data file
and include ISOP, PAR, OLE, ALD2, NO, NO2. The tasks performed by the biogenic emissions inter-
face (IBIOG) are to resolve the gridded biogenic emissions to the UAM grid cells and to combine these
values with the area anthropogenic emissions file supplied by the user. The technique applied to
derive UAM gridded biogenic emissions from the ROM gridded values is the fractional-area weighting
method. This is a similar algorithm as described earlier to resolve the surface roughness and vegeta-
tive factor to the UAM grid, except with a variation needed for its application to emissions.
The ROM gridded biogenic emissions represent emission rates over the area of each ROM grid cell.
When applying the area weighting technique, the ratio of the area of a ROM grid cell contained in a UAM
cell to the total area of the ROM cell (ARJ/AR) is used to scale the ROM biogenic emission rate. This factor
is needed to preserve the emission density (Q/An). For example, in the case of a UAM cell entirely inside
a ROM grid cell, the UAM cell biogenic emissions would be computed with the ratio of the total area of
the UAM grid cell to the ROM cell's area multiplied by the ROM cell's biogenic emissions. In the general
application, the area of each ROM cell overlapping a given UAM grid cell is scaled by the total area of the
ROM grid cell (Ap)- Then the biogenic emission rate for each species for a particular UAM grid cell is
determined by summing the scaled contributions from every ROM grid cell that overlaps a UAM cell.
The IBIOG interface combines the biogenic emissions for the six species with the corresponding area
anthropogenic emissions of these same species and generates a single binary area emissions which
contains the sum from both inventories.
N-16
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Figure N-1. Example of grid points (midpoints) of the ROM cells overlaying a UAM domain. Two
ROM rows/columns extend beyond each UAM boundary.
2500
00 04 08 12 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 20 00
02 06 10 14 18 22 02 06 10 14 18 22
Figure N-2. Time variation of the region top and diffusion break heights over two diurnal periods.
N-17
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1NTERFRCED HIND F1 ELD FOR US* JIN. DHTE/HR: 80203/12 LEVEL 1
Figure N-3. Wind field derived for an example UAM grid from the ROM gridded wind components.
R3
U3
U4
R4
ui
Rl
U2
R2
Figure N-4. Example set of ROM and UAM grid cells for the fractional area weighting method. (The
ROM cells are about a factor of 4 larger than a UAM grid cell in this case.)
N-18
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I I I I I
-PI
Figure N-5. Boundary grid cells in the UAM are the outer cells enclosed by bold lines. ROM grid
points are shown in the lower left.
N-19
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TABLE N-1. LIST OF METEOROLOGICAL SCALARS
Parameter
name
Internal
units
Definition
TGRADBELOW K/m
TGRADABOVE K/m
EXPCLASS
RADFACTOR min-1
CONCWATER ppm
ATMOSPRESS atm
Vertical temperature gradient (dT/dZ)
from the surface to diffusion break height
Vertical temperature gradient between
diffusion break and region top heights
Exposure class - integer scale indicator
of the near-surface atmospheric stability
NOa photolysis rate constant, k-|
Average surface water vapor concentration
Surface atmospheric pressure
N-20
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TABLE N-2. METHOD FOR DERIVING THE EXPOSURE INDEX
Solar zenith
angle (degrees)
>85
>85
<30
<30
30 < 0 < 55
30 < 0 < 55
55 < 0 < 85
55 < 0 < 85
Domain average
cloud cover (%)
NOCTURNAL HOURS
<50
>50
DAYLIGHT HOURS
<50
>50
<50
>50
<50
>50
EXPCLASS
(unitless)
-2
-1
3
2
2
1
1
0
N-21
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TABLE N-3. WIND INTERFACING METHOD
Criteria:
* If Zjk < ZR-) ; use ROM layer 1 winds
* If ZBK > ZR-J ; use ROM layer 2 winds
* If a DAM level overlaps both ROM layers (ZBR < ^R1 <
determine weighting terms (W1 , W2) from:
W1=(ZR1-ZBk)/(ZTk-ZBk)
where ZFM = ROM layer 1 height
Zjk = top (T) of a DAM vertical level k
= bottom (B) of a DAM vertical level k
U,V = UR-) ,VR1 * W1 + UR2.VR2 * W2
where UR#,VR# = ROM gridded wind components in layer 1,2
Example configuration of models around sunrise:
ZT =================== zR2
4
UR2.VR2
====================
SFC' ZBI —^— SFC
UAH ROM
N-22
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TABLE N-4. LAND USE CATEGORIES AND ASSOCIATED DEPOSITION FACTORS
Designation
Description
Deposition
factor
1
2
3
4
URBAN
AGRI
RANGE
DF
5 EV
6 MF
7 WATER
8 BARREN
9 NFW
10 MIXED
11 ROCKY
Urban, little vegetation
Agricultural land; adequate water
Range land, usually low soil moisture
Deciduous forest
Evergreen (coniferous) forest
Mixed forest, including wetland
Water bodies (fresh or salt water)
Barren land, mostly desert
Non-forested wetland
Mixed agriculture and range land
Rocky areas with low shrubs-lichens
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.03
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
N-23
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TABLE N-5. CHEMICAL SPECIES IN THE UAM (CB-IV) MODEL
Model
Nomenclature
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
NO
NO2
O3
OLE
PAR
TOL
XYL
FORM
ALD2
ETH
ORES
MGLY
OPEN
PNA
NOXY
PAN
CO
HONO
H2O2
HN03
MEOH
ETOH
ISOP
Interfaced
Chemical name (X)
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone
Olefinic carbon bond species
Paraffinic carbon bond species
Toluene
Xylene
Formaldehyde
Higher molecular weight aldehydes
Ethene
Cresol and higher molecular weight phenols
Methylglyoxal
Aromatic ring fragment acid
Peroxynitric acid
Nitrogen species group
Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Carbon monoxide
Nitrous acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Nitric acid
Methanol
Ethanol
Isoprene
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
NOTE: X = concentrations of species interfaced from the ROM.
Default minimum value defined for six species not interfaced.
N-24
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TABLE N-6. VERTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR INTERFACING CONCENTRATIONSl
ROM (R) Layers (layer thickness not to scale):
ZR3
CR3 = layer 3 concentrations
ZR2
CR2 = layer 2 concentrations
ZR1
Cp-) = layer 1 concentrations
0
Example Configuration of UAM Vertical Levels (thicknesses not to scale):
Cj = top concentration
- Zj = region top height
Cy(3)
Upper (U) levels between ZDB and Zj
Cu(2) Number of upper levels = IZU
Cud)
ZDB
C[_(2) Lower (L) levels below the diffusion break
———^— Number of lower levels = IZL •
Lower level concentrations (CJ:
CL(fc) = CRI-f1 + [(CRI + CR2)/2]-F2 for k = 1 , IZL (5)
If ZDB(0
-------
TABLE N-7. CONCENTRATION INTERFACING PROCEDURES
INITIAL CONDITIONS:
Perform vertical method described in Table N-6 with ROM gridded concentrations at the
starting hour to derive values at each DAM level.
Perform horizontal interpolation to obtain values at each UAM grid point using the inverse
distance-squared method.
LATERAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:
Perform vertical method with ROM gridded concentrations to derive concentrations at
each UAM level.
Average the two exterior ROM grid points and the ROM grid point located immediately
inside the UAM boundary in each ROM row/column.
Perform linear interpolation to resolve UAM boundary grid values.
Iterate the above steps for each hour.
TOP CONDITIONS:
Use vertical method to determine top concentrations at each ROM grid point.
Perform horizontal interpolation to spatially resolve concentrations to each UAM grid
Iterate to perform above steps for each hour.
N-26
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