United States
                Environmental Protection
                Agency
               Office of Information
               Resources Management and
               Office of Toxic Substances
               Washington DC 20460
EPA 540/1-86/61
(OSWER Directive 9285.6-1)
November 1986
                Superfund
xvEPA
Superfund Risk Assessment
Information  Directory
                                               EPA 540-01-86-061

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       UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                   WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
                         DEC  I 7 1986
                                                    OFFICE OF
                                           SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT:  Distribution of the Superfund Risk Assessment
          Information Directory and the Public Health Risk
          Evaluation Database
FROM:     Henry L. Longest II, Director
          Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

TO:       Addressees

     I am transmitting to you the Superfund Risk Assessment
Information Directory and the Public Health Risk Evaluation
Database.  These items were developed by the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, in cooperation with other
EPA program offices.  They supplement the Superfund Public
Health Evaluation Manual (transmitted to you in my memo of
November 7, 1986) tnat provides detailed guidance on how
to conduct public health evaluations as part of the feasibility
study process at Superfund sites.  Together, this guidance
and information should enhance the quality and consistency
of assessments of risk to human health and the environment
conducted at Superfund sites and should be of assistance
as considerations of risk join considerations of technology
in making cleanup decisions.


Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory

     The Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory
identifies and describes sources of information that should
be useful in conducting public health evaluations or
environmental assessments.  The Directory presents information
that fall in the following categories: automated data bases;
data files and tapes; models; manuals, directories, and
periodicals; publications; and human resources.  While the
Directory identifies information sources that may be used in
an assessment of risk to human health and the environment,
it does not provide the actual risk assessment-related
information itself.  The user of the Directory is simply
referred to the sources of information and places where
those sources can be obtained.

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     Sufficient background information on the risk assesssment
process and its general information .requirements is provided
so that the Directory can be easily used by individuals
with varying degrees of risk assessment experience.

Public Health Risk Evaluation Database

     The Public Health Risk Evaluation Database (PHRED)
is designed to provide chemical, physical and toxicologica1
data and health-based standards or criteria for chemicals
that are typicallly found at Superfund sites.   In addition
to providing access to this information, the program has
been designed to allow the user to both store and print
selected fields of information for reporting purposes.
The personal computer software package can be used on an
IBM PC/XT/AT or compatible PC/XT/AT.  We plan to periodically
update the data disk as new information becomes available.

     The instructional guidance that has been provided with
the software disks provides a general description of the
system and how to use it.  The system has been designed to
be user-friendly with step-by-step instructions.

Conclusion
     We will be sending additional copies of the Superfund
Risk Assessment Information Directory as well as the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual to the Regions
over the next few weeks.  In addition to this effort of
guidance development, OERR will be presenting a training
course on the public health evaluation process in each
Region during the next 2-3 months.  Additional details
on this training will be forthcoming.  Any questions or
comments with regard to these materials or training
should be directed to Dr. Craig Zamuda (382-2201) of the
Policy Analysis Staff for OERR.

Attachments

Addressees

Director, Emergency & Remedial Response Division, Region II
Director, Hazardous Waste Management Division, Region III
Director, Waste Management Division, Regions I, IV, V, VI,
  VII & VIII
Director, Toxics and Waste Management Division, Region IX
Director, Hazardous Waste Division, Region X
Director, Environmental Services Division, Regions I, VI, & VII
Branch Chief, Waste Management Division, Regions I & V
Branch Chief, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Region II
Branch Chief, Hazardous Waste Management Division, Region III
Branch Chief, Air and Waste Management Division, Regions IV, VI,
  VII & VIII
Branch Chief, Toxics and Waste Management Division, Region IX
Branch Chief, Hazardous Waste Division, Region X

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cc:
Russ Wyer, OERR
Tim Fields, OERR
Steve Lingle, OERR
Arthur Weissman, OERR
Craig Zamuda, OERR
Steve Dorrler, OERR
Jack Stanton, OWPE
Gene Lucero, OWPE
Marcia Williams, OSW
Peter Preuss, OHEA
Mike Cook, ODW
Penny Fenner-Crisp, ODW
Don Clay, OTS
Susan Sherman, OPP
Vic Kimm, OPTS
Dick Morgenstern, OPPE
Sheldon Myers, ORP
Rebecca Hamner, OWEP
Maryann Froehlich, OA
Chuck Elkins, OTS
Arnie Edelman, OTS
Lee DeHines, Region IV
Susan Deihl, Region IV
Director-, Environmental Services Division, Regions II
  III, IV, V, VIII, IX, & X

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                                         OSWER Directive  9285.6-1
SUPERFUND  RISK ASSESSMENT  INFORMATION DIRECTORY
        Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
      Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
          U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
                Washington, D.C.  20460
                    November 1986

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                                                      OSWER Directive  9285.6-1
                            ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
     This document was prepared by EPA's Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response (OERR).   Dr.  Craig Zamuda of OERR's Policy Analysis Staff was  the EPA
Project Officer.

     The efforts  of several additional major contributors  were  instrumental  in
the development of this directory, including:
         James Lounsbury
         Stacey Katz
         Steve Golian
         Chuck Nauman
         Linda Bailey
         Will Laville
         John Koutsandreas
         Steve Hoover
         Dave Mayer
         Paul Fuschini
         Joselle Gatrelle
         Loretta Marzetti
         Rick Johnson
         Peg Hall
         Michael Gruber
         Deborah Martin
         Jack Keeley
         Frank Kover
         Suzan Deihl
         Hugh Masters
         Arnie Edelman
         Michael Shapiro
         Martin Halper
         Linda Travers
         Laurence Rosenstein
         David Dull
         Peter Preuss
         Penny Fenner-Crisp
         Edward Klein
         Jay Benforado
         Brint Bixler
         Bill Lappenbush
         Louis P. True
OERR
Office of Policy, Planning,  and Evaluation (OPPE)
OERR
Office of Research and Development (ORD)
ORD
ORD
ORD
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
OTS
OTS
Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM)
OIRM
OIRM
Office of Policy, Budget and Program Management
Office of Solid Waste
OPA
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
OTS
Region IV
Edison Environmental Research Laboratory
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
ORD
Office of Drinking Water
OTS
ORD
CH2M Hill
CH2M Hill
Office of Pesticide Programs
     ICF Incorporated assisted OERR in development of this document,  in
partial fulfillment of Contract No. 68-01-7090.   The ICF effort was directed
by Mr. Jeff Goodman and Dr. Mike Lowe.  Other ICF staff who contributed to the
development of this document include Steve Wyngarden, Mark Fraga,  and Robin
Durst.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                     PREFACE AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
     The Risk Assessment Information Directory identifies and describes
sources of information that should be useful in conducting EPA-related risk
assessments.  The Directory presents information sources that fall in the
following categories:  automated data bases; data files and tapes; models;
manuals, directories, and periodicals; publications;  and human resources.
Where applicable, the content of individual information sources within each of
these categories is summarized and related to the major procedural steps in
performing a risk assessment (i.e., hazard identification, dose-response
assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization).   Information
useful for accessing, obtaining, or locating each of  the information sources
is also presented.  The overall purpose of the Directory is to facilitate the
performance of EPA-related risk assessments by helping individuals find
information that may be needed in order to complete a successful assessment.

     Topics covered by the information sources presented in the Directory are
broad in scope, including physical and chemical properties of chemical
substances; epidemiologic, toxicity, and pharmacological data; environmental
characteristics; environmental effects of chemical substances; and human
health risks caused by exposure to carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic
substances.  One particular use of the Risk Assessment Information Directory
will be to identify information sources to assist in performing site-specific
public health evaluations under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act.  Specifically, this  directory will help fill
information needs that arise in conducting risk assessments as spelled out in
the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual, EPA's  detailed guidance on how
to perform public health evaluations at Superfund sites.  Because of its broad
scope, however, the Directory will also be helpful in carrying out other
Superfund activities -- even those not directly related to risk assessment.

     The Risk Assessment Information Directory has been developed for use by a
diverse audience, including EPA regional staff, state Superfund program staff,
federal and state remedial contractors, and potentially responsible parties.
Sufficient background information on the risk assessment process and its
general information requirements is provided so that the directory can be
easily used by individuals with varying degrees of risk assessment experience.
While the Directory identifies information sources that may be used in a risk
assessment, it does not provide the actual risk assessment-related information
itself.  The user of the Directory is simply referred to other sources of
information and places where those sources can be obtained.  Finally, the
Directory is not intended to reflect EPA policy on preferred sources of
information to be used in conducting EPA-related risk assessments.

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                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.   INTRODUCTION	   1-1
     1.1  Objectives	   1-1
     1.2  Use of the  Directory	   1-2

2.   INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE  RISK ASSESSMENT  PROCESS	   2-1
     2.1  Hazard Identification	   2-1
     2 .2  Dose-Response Assessment	   2-7
     2. 3  Exposure Assessment	   2-9
     2.4  Risk Characterization	   2-13

3.   DATA BASES	   3-1
     3.1  EPA Data Bases	   3-1
     3.2  Non-EPA Data Bases	   3-16
     3.3  Addresses of Online Services  and Producers	   3-40
     3.4  Access to Data Bases Through  EPA Libraries	   3-46

4.   DATA FILES AND TAPES	   4-1
     4.1  EPA Data Files and Tapes	   4-1
     4.2  Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes	   4-7
     4.3  Addresses for Data File and Tape Contacts	   4-9

5.   MODELS	   5-1
     5.1  EPA Models	:	   5-1
     5.2  Non-EPA Models	   5-16
     5.3  References  and Documentation  of Models	   5-21

6.   MANUALS, DIRECTORIES, AND PERIODICALS	   6-1
     6.1  Manuals	   6-1
     6. 2  Directories	   6-5
     6 .3  Periodicals	   6-7

7.   PUBLICATIONS	   7-1
     7 .1  Specific Citations	   7-1
     7.2  General References to Publications	   7-7

8.   HUMAN RESOURCES:  OFFICES AND PERSONNEL	   8-1
     8.1  Regional	   8-1
     8.2  Headquarters	   8-4

9.   SUBJECT INDEX	   9-1

10.  GLOSSARY and DEFINITIONS OF ACRONYMS	  10-1
APPENDICES

A.   INFORMATION RESOURCE MATRICES (RESOURCES vs.  DATA CATEGORIES)	   A-l
     A.I  Development of Data Categories and Subcategories.	   A-l
     A.2  Non-Bibliographic Data Base Matrix	   A-6

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                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                (Continued)
     A. 3  Bibliographic Data Base  Matrix	  A-8
     A.4  Manual Source Matrix	  A-9

B.   INFORMATION RESOURCE MATRICES (RESOURCES vs. ATTRIBUTES)	  B-l
     B.I  Information Resources/Attributes Matrix Outline	  B-l
     B.2  Data Base System Attributes  Matrix	  B-5
     B.3  Data Base Search Attributes  Matrix	  B-7

C.   INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH
     EVALUATION MANUAL	  C-l

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                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                            LIST OF EXHIBITS
Number                                                                   Page

1-1    Organization of the Risk Assessment  Information Directory	    1-4

1-2    Use of the Risk Assessment  Information Directory	    1-6

2-1    Information Elements Associated  with EPA Risk Assessment
       Process	    2-2

C-l    Steps Involved in the Superfund  Public Health Evaluation
       Process	    C-2

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                     1-1
                                CHAPTER 1

                              INTRODUCTION
1.1  OBJECTIVES

     This directory provides guidance on sources of information that should
prove useful in conducting EPA-related risk assessments.   Categories of
information sources in the directory include:   data bases; data files and
tapes; environmental and dose-response models; manuals,  directories, and
periodicals; publications; and human resources.  The directory's overall
approach is to identify information categories related to each major element
of risk assessment, to list key information sources appropriate for each
category, and to describe major features of each information source.

     The principal elements of risk assessment, i.e. hazard identification,
dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization, are
drawn directly from EPA's risk assessment guidelines.1-1   The guidelines are
based in part on recommendations developed by the National Academy of
Sciences.2-1  Both EPA and the National Academy draw important distinctions
between risk assessment and risk management.  Risk assessment involves
characterizing problems -- their nature, severity, and probability of
occurrence.  By contrast, risk management is the process of deciding what to
do about those problems.  This directory identifies information sources for
assessing risks, not for managing them.

     Risk assessment is growing in importance as a tool to aid in
decision-making at EPA.  Virtually every environmental statute the Agency
implements can employ risk assessment techniques to assist regulatory and
response programs.  This risk assessment directory is intended to assist in
the broad range of risk assessments with which EPA may be involved.

     Risk assessment activities are important in various parts of Superfund
related activities, including both the removal and remedial programs.  Being
able to quantify possible human risks at Superfund sites is an important
component of the risk management decision making process when considering
removal or remedial actions to protect populations at risk.  The risk
assessment directory could be helpful in quantifying such risks, as well as
being useful in evaluating possible adverse environmental effects at Superfund
sites.  In addition, portions of this directory may be helpful to Superfund
activities not directly related to risk assessment.  For example, information
on physical/chemical properties of hazardous substances could prove useful in
identifying appropriate treatment technologies for remedial response
alternatives or in performing natural resource damage assessments.
     1J 51 Federal Register 33492-34003 and 51 Federal Register 34014-34025.

     2J National Academy of Sciences, Risk Assessment in the Federal
Government.   National Academy Press.  1984.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   1-2
     One particular Superfund-related use of the Risk Assessment Information
Directory will be to identify information sources to assist in performing
site-specific public health evaluations under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).  Public health evaluation is
an important component of the Superfund remedial process.  In particular, the
evaluation is important in both the remedial investigation (RI) and
feasibility study (FS) phases of cleanup at remedial sites.  EPA has developed
several guidance documents to support the Superfund public health evaluation
process.  Chapter 5 of EPA's Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA
describes what the public health evaluation process is.  By contrast, the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual provides detailed guidance on how
to conduct the evaluation.

     To supplement these guidance documents, there are two primary information
sources for conducting Superfund public health evaluations.  Appendices to the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual provide toxicity and physical/chem-
ical properties data for the hazardous substances most likely to be found at
Superfund sites.   These data have been assembled into a personal computer soft-
ware package named the Public Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED).   A com-
panion document to the public health evaluation manual, the Superfund Exposure
Assessment Manual, provides detailed information- for evaluating:  the type and
extent of contaminant release from a site to environmental media; the environ-
mental transport and transformation of contaminants following their release;
and the concentration of contaminants at human exposure points.  This manual
provides an overall framework for conducting the exposure assessment portion
of a public health evaluation and presents state-of-the-art methods for
conducting the various component analyses that comprise an exposure assessment.

     Although the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual and its two
primary information sources should be sufficient to conduct risk assessments
at many sites, there will be instances where additional information sources
may be necessary to complete the evaluation process.  In such instances the
Risk Assessment Information Directory provides a guide to the various risk
assessment information sources that can supplement the primary information
sources, site-specific data, and professional judgment that are necessary for
a successful public health evaluation.


1.2  USE OF  THE DIRECTORY

     The Directory is organized into ten chapters and three appendices.
Chapter 2 develops  a conceptual flow chart for conducting  risk assessments
and identifies information categories related to each major risk assessment
element.  It further identifies which information sources are related to each
category.  Chapters  3-8 provide descriptive information on the six
categories of information sources in the directory:  data bases; data files
and tapes; models; manuals, directories, and periodicals; publications;  and
human resources.   Chapters for the first three categories -- data bases, data
files and tapes, and models -- are divided into sections describing
EPA-developed information/resources and other information/resources.
Chapter 9 is  a subject index and Chapter  10 is a glossary of terms and
acronyms in typical usage in the field of risk assessment and to the
Directory.  Appendix A provides more detailed information about  the  types
of information found in each data base by categories or subcategories, and

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   1-3
Appendix B provides  information about the data bases that makes it easier
to access or use them.  Finally, Appendix C is a more specific version of
Chapter 2 which has been tailored for the performance of risk assessments
under the Superfund public health evaluation process.

     Exhibit 1-1 arrays by chapter and describes the types of information
sources contained in the directory.   In general the information sources can be
divided into two types.  The first type includes data bases,  files  and tapes,
and models.  These sources of information typically contain highly  detailed
and chemical-specific data.  Much of the available information from these
sources is automated, i.e. accessible by computer.   In particular,  many of the
environmental models are computer-based.   Therefore this type of information
source would most likely be used to respond to highly specific information
needs.

     The second type of information source includes manuals,  directories,
periodicals, publications, and human resources.  While perhaps more varied in
nature than the first type of information source,  the second type of
information source is best suited for cases involving less specific or less
structured information requests.  To obtain information of a more general
nature, for example, it may be most appropriate to consult a guidance manual.
An individual would likely be contacted to help solve a problem or  identify
additional information sources.

     To use the directory a user would first decide whether his/her
information need could be met by either the first or second type of
information source described above.   If the information need were highly
specific and/or related to chemical-specific data,  i.e.  answerable  by the
first type of information source, the user would follow a two-step  procedure.
First,  he/she would consult Chapter 2 to determine the information  category
where his/her information need could be satisfied.   These categories are
summarized in Exhibit 2-1.  Once a category (or categories) was identified,
the user would refer to the remainder of Chapter 2 to learn which specific
data bases, data files and tapes, and environmental models relate to the
appropriate information category.

     The second step would be to refer to later chapters that contain
descriptions of specific information sources.  Chapters 3 and 4 describe
individual data bases and data files and tapes, respectively.  Each of these
chapters has a heading for EPA information sources (e.g. data bases) and
non-EPA information sources.  Underneath each heading, specific sources are
listed and described alphabetically.  In addition to these brief descriptions,
Appendices A and B contain summaries of specific data categories and system
attributes to help the user select among specific sources.  Chapter 5
describes environmental models and is organized into sections on EPA and
non-EPA models.

     If a user's information need were more general, i.e. answerable by the
second type of information source, he/she would immediately consult Chapter 6,
7, or 8 respectively.  Chapter 6 lists manuals, directories, and periodicals,
each alphabetically.  Chapter 7 lists specifically-cited publications organized
by the four major risk assessment categories:  hazard identification, dose-
response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization; Chapter 7
also presents generically-referenced publications (i.e., families of related

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                                                           EXHIBIT 1-1

                                    ORGANIZATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION DIRECTORY
TYPE Of
INFORMATION
RESOURCE
Data Bases,
Fi les and Tapes
Models

RELEVANT
CHAPTER(S)
2, 3, H, and
Appendices A&B*
5


DESCRIPTION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AS CONTAINED IN THE
Banks of data segregated into specific categories under
response, exposure assessment, and risk characterization
Computerized and desk top models related to exposure and


DIRECTORY
hazard identification, dose
dose-response assessment
ManuaIs.
Directories, and
Pe r i od i caIs
Guidance manuals,  instruction handbooks,  information directories,  and periodic
publications (e.g.,  newsletters)  related to the overall  risk assessment process
Pub Iicat ions
General literature references segregated into publications useful  for hazard
identification,  dos.e-response assessment,  exposure assessment,  and risk
characterization
Human Resources
EPA headquarters and regional  personnel  designated as contact points for risk
assessment issues
    * Refer to Exhibit 1-2 for a flow diagram showing how Chapters 2,  3,  and 4 and Appendices A and B are related.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   1-5
documents).  Chapter 8 provides the names of regional and headquarters EPA
staff who can assist with risk assessment information.   The organization of
the directory is summarized in Exhibit 1-1 which lists  the types of
information that can be found in the various chapters.   Exhibit 1-2 is a flow
chart that illustrates how the various chapters of the  directory might be used
in searching for specific information.

     Suppose for example a user wanted to find out more information about a
contaminant that he/she knew very little about.  A search for information
would probably begin in Chapter 2 of the Directory.  It might be necessary to
better identify the hazardous substance by going to the appropriate heading
(2.1  Hazard Identification; 2.1.1  Substance Identification).  Under that
subcategory the user would find the various data bases  (listed as EPA or
non-EPA) and data files and tapes that traditionally contain relevant
information [Chemical Abstract System (CAS) numbers; synonyms; etc.].  If the
user was unfamiliar with the listed information sources, it would then be
appropriate to go to Chapter 3 of the Directory to review short descriptions
of.the sources, or to Appendices A or B of the Directory for more information
about the actual contents of the sources or about the characteristics of the
sources themselves, respectively.  In this manner, first identifying a
potential information source in the appropriate subcategory of Chapter 2 and
then characterizing that source in the subsequent chapters or appendices, a
user would be able to gather the information required for making a decision
about which specific source or sources would be most helpful in conducting a
risk assessment.

     In actuality, it will not always be necessary for  a user of the Risk
Directory to go stepwise through the entire Directory.   Someone familiar with
the layout of the Directory should be able to go directly to those information
categories of interest in order to find relevant sources.

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                                 EXHIBIT  1-2
       USE OF THE RISK  ASSESSMENT INFORMATION DIRECTORY
      CHAPTER 6:
       MANUALS.
     DIRECTORIES &
      PERIODICALS
      CHAPTER 7:
     PUBLICATIONS
      CHAPTER 8:
      •  HUMAN
      RESOURCES
                          NO
                                   IDENTIFY
                                 INFORMATION
                                    NEED
              DOES
          iNFORMATIOt
          NEED REQUIRE
         DETAILED AND/OR
            CHEMICAL-
            SPECIFIC
              DAT>
                V
                YES
                                 CONSULT CH.2
                                  TO IDENTIFY
                               SPECIFIC SOURCES
                                 BY CATEGORY
                                  REFER TO
                                LATER CHAPTERS
                                AND APPENDICES
                               FOR DESCRIPTIONS
CHAPTER 3:
DATA BASES
CHAPTER 4:
DATA FILES
AND TAPES
CHAPTER 5:
 MODELS
APPENDICES A & B:
  INFORMATION
   MATRICES
                                   SELECT
                               SPECIFIC SOURCE
                                 APPROPRIATE
                                   TO NEED

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   Risk Assessment
Information Categories

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                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   2-1


                                CHAPTER 2

                       INFORMATION RESOURCES AND
                      THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
     The information sources useful  for  any  risk  assessment are dictated by
the nature of the particular task or question  being  addressed.  There are many
different types of risk assessment activities  either ongoing or under
development, and they often require  process  or site  specific data unique to
the effort.   Consequently,  in order  to create  a manageable directory of
sources, it is necessary to define the type  of risk  assessment activities the
directory is targeted toward.

     EPA has functionally adopted the risk assessment  strategy and terminology
set out in a recent review of risk assessment  activities  in the federal
government (National Academy of Sciences [NAS], 1984) . 1J  As set out in the
NAS committee's recommendations,  the procedural steps  required to describe the
risks associated with a chemical  hazard  include the  following:

          •    Hazard Identification
          •    Dose-Response Assessment
          •    Exposure Assessment
          •    Risk Characterization

     This chapter of the Directory summarizes  the available information re-
sources that might be of use in performing these  tasks.   Exhibit 2-1 is an out-
line of the EPA-adopted steps in risk assessment  and identifies by sub-headings
potential information required for each  step.   For each of the sub-headings of
information requirements, there is a descriptive  statement about the purpose
and type of information needed, followed by  a  listing  of  the major relevant
data bases and data files and tapes. Chapters 3  and 4 of the Directory can
then be used to characterize more fully, and gain access  to, particular infor-
mation resources.  It should be emphasized that the  steps of a risk assessment
as outlined in Exhibit 2-1 do not necessarily  always take place or follow in
the diagramed order.  For example, it might  be necessary  to perform the expo-
sure assessment prior to the dose-response assessment  in  order to determine if
any potential hazard exists for a population of concern.  If it is unlikely
that such a hazard exists because the population  of  concern would not be
exposed, then there would be no need to  perform the  dose-response assessment.

     In addition to the lists of resources in  this Chapter, further information
can be obtained from models; manuals, directories, and periodicals; publica-
tions; and human resources which are listed  and described in Chapters 5 through
8 of the directory.


2.1  HAZARD  IDENTIFICATION

     Hazard identification is the first  of four major  steps in performing a
risk characterization under the current  EPA  supported  guidelines.  As such,
hazard identification is primarily directed  toward establishing what the human
     1J National Academy of Sciences,  Risk Assessment in the  Federal
Government.   National Academy Press.   1984.

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                                                    EXHIBIT 2-1
    INFORMATION ELEMENTS  ASSOCIATED  WITH  EPA  RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
       HAZARD
  IDENTIFICATION
  Substance Identification
  Physical/Chemical Properties

  Hazard Characterization
  o  Epidemiologic Data
  o  Toxicity Data
    - Animal Bioassay Data
     (Chronic Toxicity)
    - Short Term Studies
     (Acute/Subchronic
     Toxicity)
  Comparison of Molecular
  Structures
  DOSE-RESPONSE
    ASSESSMENT1
Pharmacological Data
o Low-Dose Extrapolation
o Animal-to-Human Dose
  Extrapolation
° Duration Extrapolation
° Route Extrapolation
   EXPOSURE
  ASSESSMENT1
Physical/Chemical
Properties

Environmental Characteristics

Chemical Concentrations
in Environmental Media
o Partitioning
o Transport/Transformation

Population at Risk

Exposure
o Route
o Magnitude
o Duration
         RISK
CHARACTERIZATION
 Environmental Effects
 o Aquatic
 o Terrestrial

 Human Risk Assessment
 o Carcinogens
 o Noncarcinogens
The order of Dose-Response Assessment and Exposure Assessment may be in reverse
of that shown.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   2-3
health hazards are with respect to a specific chemical.   In order to estimate
the hazards, four types of information are commonly used:

          •    Substance Identification
          •    Physical/Chemical Properties
          •    Hazard Characterization
          •    Comparisons of Molecular Structures

     These types of approaches are listed below as sub-categories with various
relevant information resources.

     2.1.1  Substance  Identification

     The information resources listed below are useful in identifying a
chemical substance.  Data items that may be obtained from these sources
include such identifiers as CA Index Name, CAS Registry Number, synonyms,
molecular formulas, chemical descriptions/compositions,  and chemical
production data.

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    CHEMD                    •   ORALTOX
                    CICIS                    •   TSCA INITIAL INVENTORY
               •    GI                       •   TSCA PLUS
               •    OHM-TADS

          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    ACS JOURNALS ONLINE      •   DARC
               •    CA SEARCH                •   ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE              BASES
                    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE;       •   HAZARDLINE
                      CHEMICALS IN HUMAN     •   HEILBRON
                      TISSUES AND FLUIDS     •   LOG P DATABASE
                    CHEMLINE                 •   NPIRS
               •    CRGS                     •   OHS-MSDS
               •    CHEMSEARCH               •   RNSS
               •    CHEMSIS                  •   RTECS
               •    CHEMZERO                 •   TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK

          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

                    TSCA PREFERRED NAME FILE AND SYNONYM FILE

     2.1.2  Physical/Chemical Properties

     The data bases listed under this heading are useful sources of
information for physical/chemical properties, which may be needed to identify
the hazards of a contaminant.

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    CHEMD                    •   PHRED
               •    GEMS                     •   SPHERE
               •    OHM-TADS                 •   TSDF
               •    PDMS

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                         2-4
                                            OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                       HAZARDLINE
                                       HEILBRON
                                       LOG P DATABASE
                                       NPIRS
                                       OHS-MSDS
                                       RNSS
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    CA SEARCH                •
               •    CASSI                    •
               •    CESARS                   •
               •    CHEMLINE       •          •
               •    CHEMTRAN                 •
               •    CIS
               •    DORTMUND VLE DATA BANK
               •    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
                    DATA BASES

          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

               •    WATER SOLUBILITY DATA

     2.1.3  Hazard  Characterization

     One may characterize the expected health hazards associated with exposure
to a contaminant based on analysis of previously collected epidemiologic and
toxicity data.

             Epidemiologic  Data

               Epidemiologic data include information on the exposure and
          toxic responses of human and/or animal populations to chemical
          substances.  They may include information on the frequency and
          geographic distribution of an observed health effect within a
          population.  The following are data bases, files, and tapes that are
          useful sources of epidemiologic data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
          CECATS
          CSDCLEANS
          CRIB
          EPACASR
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

          CESARS                   •
          CHEMICAL EXPOSURE        •
     •    CTCP                     •
     •    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE       •
            DATA BASES             •
          HAZARDLINE               •
     •    NOHS
                                                 GI
                                                 HEOX
                                                 OHM-TADS
                                                 SPHERE
                                                 - DERMAL ABSORPION DATA BANK
                                                 NOES
                                                 OCIS
                                                 OHS-MSDS
                                                 RTECS
                                                 TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
                                                 TOXLINE
                                                 - RPROJ
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

     •    EPID
     •    FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS

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                                            OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                         2-5
-  Toxicity Data

     Toxicity data include information on the response of an
organism to a dose of a chemical substance through various routes
of exposure.  Such data may be for chronic toxicity or
acute/subacute toxicity.

     -  Animal-Bioassay Data  (Chronic Toxicity)

          Chronic toxicity data pertain to the response of an
     organism to repeated, long-term exposure to a contaminant.  The
     length of exposure and time for response may vary with the
     particular organism involved.  The following are information
     resources for chronic toxicity or animal-bioassay data.

     EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

          •    AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE •   OHM-TADS
               CECATS                   •   ORALTOX
               CRIB                     •   PDMS
               EEFIS                    •   RAD
               EPACASR                  •   SPHERE
          •    GI                       •   STARA
          •    GTDMIS                   •   WBC
          •    IRIS  •
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
               AGRICOLA                 •
               AQUALINE
               ASFA
               BIOSIS                   •
               CBDS                     •
               CESARS                   •
               CCRIS                    •
               CHEMICAL EXPOSURE        •
               CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:       •
                 CHEMICALS IN HUMAN     •
                 TISSUES AND FLUIDS
               CTCP
               ENVIROLINE
               ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
                 DATA BASES
                   - BIOLOG
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
NTIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
- KEEP
- CBAC
- RPROJ
- TD3
     EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
               GASTRO-INTESTINAL
                 EFFECTS LITERATURE
               ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
TSCA SECTION 4
CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES

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                                       OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                    2-6
   Short-Term Studies (Acute/Subacute Toxicity)

     Acute/subacute toxicity refers to the immediate or short
term toxicological response of an organism to either a single
dose or relatively few doses of a chemical substance.  Useful
information resources for these types of data include the
following.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

          ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
          AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
     •    CECATS
     •    CSDCLEANS
     •    DEEP
     •    EEFIS
     •    EPACASR
     •    GENERAL RADIATION
            HEALTH IMPACT
            EVALUATION
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

     •    ASFA                     •
     •    BIOSIS                   •
     •    CESARS                   •
          CHEMICAL EXPOSURE        •
          CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:
            CHEMICALS IN HUMAN
            TISSUES AND FLUIDS     •
          CHEMLINE                 •
          CIS
     •    CLEARINGHOUSE ON         •
            HEALTH INDEXES
          CTCP
     •    ENVIROLINE
     •    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
            DATA BASES
GI
HEOX
IRIS
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
PDAS
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
- KEEP
- CBAC
- TOXICOLOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TD3
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

     •    ETHOX
     •    FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
     •    GASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
     •    ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
          TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
     •    TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES

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                                                      OSWER Directive  9285.6-1
                                   2-7
     2.1.4  Comparisons  of Molecular Structures

     The potential hazards associated with a given chemical  substance  may  be
identified by evaluating the  hazards of other substances  with  similar  molecular
structures or similar components (functional groups)  of molecular  structures.
Data bases that contain information to assist in comparing molecular
structures between different  chemical substances include  the following.

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
                    CHEMD
                    OHM-TADS
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
                    CA SEARCH
               •    CASSI
               •    CESARS
                    CHEMLINE
                    CHEMSEARCH
                    CHEMSIS
                    CHEMTRAN
               •    CHEMZERO
               •    DARC
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
DATA BASES
- DATALOG
- CHEMFATE
HAZARDLINE
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
RNSS
SANSS
2.2  DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT (Toxicokinetics  and Bioeffects)

     Many factors must be taken into consideration when evaluating dose-
response data for use in risk assessments.   In the minority of toxic chemicals
that will be encountered, epidemiologic data may make it possible to predict
dose-responses based upon knowledge of exposures and health effects in humans.
Various factors, including age, illness, genetic variability,  etc., combine to
make such estimations complex, but less uncertain than estimations of human
responses to specific exposure levels based solely upon animal experiments.

     The four primary dose-response tasks related to risk assessments are the
following:

          •    Low-Dose Extrapolation
          •    Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
          •    Duration Extrapolation
          •    Route Extrapolation

     Animal experimental data may be the only biological information available
about the toxic effects of a chemical.  Extrapolations of such data must  be
used to predict human responses, usually without sufficient knowledge of
species differences.  Consequently, various adjustments are made for size
differences, or to account for differences  in metabolic rates.  In addition,
extrapolations of dose-response relationships may be required, even when  human
experimental data are available, to account for differences in dose levels,
periods of exposure, and routes of exposure for the test individual(s) and
those expected for other individuals.  The  types of information resources
available to help make these extrapolations as scientific as possible are
listed below in each category.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   2-8
     2.2.1  Low-Dose Extrapolation

     Low-dose extrapolation involves estimating the human response to a given
chemical dose based upon observed human responses at higher dose levels.   Such
extrapolations may require considerable adjustment to account for the
differences between humans at an exposure point and the human(s) for which
such "high-dose" data are available.  Data bases that may be useful in
performing high to low-dose extrapolations are listed below.
          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

                    CRIB
               •    EERF
                    GENERAL RADIATION
                      HEALTH IMPACT
                      EVALUATION
                                                      GTDMIS
                                                      ORALTOX
                                                      PDMS
                                                      SPHERE
                                                      STARA
                                                      HAZARDLINE
                                                      RTECS
                                                      TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
                                                      TOXLINE
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    CBDS
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:
                      CHEMICALS IN HUMAN
                      TISSUES AND FLUIDS

     2.2.2  Animal-to-Human Dose  Extrapolation

     Human responses to a chemical dose may be estimated from non-human
experimental data, taking into account differences in size, metabolic rates,
and other factors.  The following are data bases that contain animal
experimental data, as well as information useful in extrapolating those data
to human.dose-response relationships.

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    GTDMIS                        •   SPHERE
               •    ORALTOX                       •   STARA

          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

                    ASFA
               •    CBDS
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE

     2.2.3  Duration Extrapolation

     Dose-response studies covering relatively short periods are frequently
inadequate for evaluating chronic exposures.  Therefore, longer term
dose-response or dose-severity relationships must be inferred from subchronic
and shorter term studies.  Data bases that may be useful in carrying out such
a "duration extrapolation" are listed below.
                                                  •   TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
                                                      TOXLINE

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   2-9
          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    CSDCLEANS                     •    PDAS
               •    DEEP                          •    RAD
               •    GTDMIS                       .•    SPHERE
               •    IRIS                          •    STARA
               •    NEUROTOXICITY DATA            •    TSCATS
               •    ORALTOX

          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    CBDS                          •    CHEMLINE ,
               •    CCRIS                         •    RTECS
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE             •    TOXLINE

     2.2.4  Route Extrapolation

     There may be instances when an investigator desires dose-response
information for a given route of exposure,  but  only  has available information
pertaining to a different route of exposure.  For these cases, if sufficient
data are available,  response data can be extrapolated across  different routes
of exposure.  The following data bases contain  dose-response  data for various
exposure routes, which may facilitate making route extrapolations:

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    INHALATION LITERATURE         •    RAD
               •    IRIS                          •    SPHERE
               •    NEUROTOXICITY DATA            •    TSCATS
               •    ORALTOX

          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    CBDS                          •    HAZARDLINE
               •    CCRIS                         •    RTECS
                    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE             •    TOXLINE
               •    CHEMLINE
2.3  EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

     The primary purpose of an exposure assessment is to estimate the actual
concentration of a chemical to which humans might be exposed.   Occasionally,
there may be analytical data on exposure levels at human receptors,  but more
typically the exposure must be estimated based upon reported chemical
concentrations in the environmental media of concern.

     The following subcategories list types of information and data which can
be used to make exposure assessments when chemical concentration data are
incomplete:

          •    Physical/Chemical Properties
          •    Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics

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                                   2-10
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
               Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
               Population at Risk
               Exposure Route, Magnitude, and Duration
     Information resources that are useful in performing exposure assessments
are listed below by sub-categories.

     2.3.1  Physical/Chemical Properties

     The data bases listed below are useful sources of information for
physical/chemical properties which may be needed to determine the
environmental fate and transport of a contaminant.
          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    CHEMD
               •    GEMS
                    OHM-TADS
               •    PDMS

          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
                    CA.SEARCH
                    CASSI
                    CESARS
                    CHEMLINE
                    CHEMTRAN
                    CIS
                    DORTMUND VLE DATA BANK
                    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
                    DATA BASES
PHRED
SPHERE
TSDF
HAZARDLINE
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
RNSS
     2.3.2  Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics

     These characteristics refer to features of a chemical (e.g., partition
coefficients, retardation factors, bioaccumulation factors, and degradation
rates) and to the transport mechanisms in effect as a chemical migrates
through various environmental media.  See Chapter 5 of this Directory for a
listing of environmental fate  and transport models.  The documentation to
such models frequently contains substantial data bases of environmental fate
and transport information.

     2.3.3  Chemical Concentrations in Environmental  Media

     Chemical concentrations in environmental media are important in two
different respects.  First,  concentrations at exposure points must be
determined in order to estimate human health risks and environmental effects.
Second, chemical concentrations in environmental media are important factors
affecting the transport of a constituent to an exposure point.  The following
are information resources that contain data on chemical concentrations in the
ambient environment, quality data for waste streams released to the
environment, and observations of various environmental characteristics that
may impact a chemical's concentration (e.g., stream flow rates and atmospheric
dispersion data).

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                                   2-11
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
               •    EERF
                    ERFD
                    GEMS
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    DMS
               •    MWDI
                    NEDRES
               •    NGWIC
               •    NPIRS
               •    SIRS
    MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
    PDMS
    STORET
    TSDF
    WDSD
    WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
    WRSIC
    WATERLINE
    WATSTORE
          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

               •    CHAMP                         •
                    CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED          •
                      IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
    EPID
    SAROAD
          Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
                    ADR
                    AOWF
                    BASIC WELL DATA FOR
                      PROFESSIONAL PAPER
                      796
                    GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
                    INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
                    NASQAN
                    MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
    STABILITY ARRAY
    SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY
      CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
    SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
    U.S.  SOIL TEMPERATURES
    VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS
      IN THE ATMOSPHERE:  AN
      ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE
      DATA
     2.3.4  Population at Risk
     The information resources listed in this section are useful in identifying the
size, location, and other characteristics of a human population within a given
area.  Information included in these data bases include such items as census
results, land and water use data, and human health monitoring data for a particular
population.  These data are helpful in determining the population that may be
exposed to a contaminant released in the environment.

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
                    EERF
                    ERFD
                    GEMS
                    GENERAL RADIATION
                      HEALTH IMPACT
                      EVALUATION
•   PERMDATA
•   RAD
    WBC

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                                   2-12
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

                    POPLINE

          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

               •    EPID                   .       •   SM/HD
                    RESOURCE CONSERVATION
                      RECOVERY ACT
                      NOTIFICATION DATA FILE

          Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)

                    GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
               •    INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS

     2.3.5  Exposure Route, Magnitude,  & Duration

     An exposure route is the mode by which humans or environmental entities
are exposed to a chemical substance.   For example, human and animal exposure
routes include inhalation, ingestion, and direct (dermal) contact.  The
magnitude of exposure reflects the amount of chemical intake or extent of
direct contact by an organism.  Exposure magnitudes are dependent on the
length of time, or duration, that an organism takes in or remains in contact
with a substance.  Parameters useful in assessing exposure routes, magnitudes,
and durations include dermal absorption data; oral intake data; toxicological
data in dose-duration terms; and experimental and real-life bioassay data
involving known exposure routes and durations.  These types of data are
available through the following information resources.
          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

               •    CRIB
               •    GI
                    GTDMIS
                    INHALATION LITERATURE
               •    NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE
                      TISSUE DATA

          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    BIOSIS
               •    CBDS
               •    CESARS
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:
                      CHEMICALS IN HUMAN
                      TISSUES AND FLUIDS
               •    CIS
                    CLEAINGHOUSE ON
                      HEALTH INDEXES
               •    CTCP
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
SPHERE
STARA
WBC
EMBASE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NGWIC
NPIRS
NIOSHTIC
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                     2-13
          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
               •    CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
               •    NHMP
2.4  RISK CHARACTERIZATION

     The risk characterization estimates the health risks to humans and/or the
environment at chemical concentration levels determined in the exposure
assessment.  As such, the risk characterization often relies upon various
assumptions made in the exposure assessment, upon estimations made in the
dose-response assessment, and upon conclusions reached in the hazard
identification procedures.   The risk characterization should address all types
of risks including:

          •    Environmental Effects (aquatic and terrestrial)
          •    Human Risk Assessment (carcinogens and noncarcinogens)

     Models of risk characterization and references to standards used in
making risk characterizations are listed below within sub-categories.

     2.4.1  Environmental Effects

     Environmental effects include changes in aquatic and terrestrial natural
resources brought about by exposure to chemical substances.  Knowledge of such
effects may be important in analyzing chemical migration pathways and
potential human exposures;  however, knowledge of environmental effects is also
important in analyzing the non-human risks of a chemical release.  Information
that can be found in the following data bases includes data on natural
resource injuries caused by exposure to chemicals.

          EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
               •    EEFIS
               •    OHM-TADS
                    ORALTOX
    PDMS
    STORET
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
                    AQUALINE
                    ASFA
                    BIOSIS
                    CBDS
                    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
•   NIH/EPA CIS
•   NPIRS
•   TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

               •    ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS DATA

          Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)

               •    GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                     2-14
     2.4.2  Human Risk Assessment

     Toxic effects to humans can be separated into either carcinogenic or
noncarcinogeic effects, and different methods are used to characterize health
risks for exposure to carcinogens and noncarcinogens.

          - Carcinogens

               The following information resources contain data helpful in
          characterizing human health risks caused by exposure to carcinogenic
          substances.  Data included in these resources include research
          results on carcinogenic effects,  testing and regulatory activities
          involving carcinogens, and toxicity data for potential carcinogenic
          effects (e.g.,  ten percent effective doses and carcinogenic potency
          factors).

          EPA Data Bases  (see Section 3.1)
                    CARCINOGENICITY
                      LITERATURE
                    CECATS
                    EPACASR
•   GTDMIS
•   IRIS
•   SPHERE
          Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

               •    BIOSIS
               •    CANCERLIT
               •    CBDS
                    CESARS
                    CCRIS
                    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
               •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:
                      CHEMICALS IN HUMAN
                      TISSUES AND FLUIDS
                    CHEMLINE
               •    CIS
                    CLEARINGHOUSE ON
                      HEALTH INDEXES
               •    EMBASE
•   ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
      DATA BASES
•   HAZARDLINE
    MEDLINE
•   NIOSHTIC
    NOES
•   NOHS
•   NPIRS
    OCIS
    OHS-MSDS
•   PASCAL
•   RTECS
•   TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
•   TOXLINE
          EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

               •    POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS

          - Non-Carcinogens

               The data bases listed below contain information needed to
          characterize human health risks for exposure to noncarcinogenic
          chemicals.  Similar to the data bases cited above for assessing'
          carcinogenic effects,  these data bases include research results on
          noncarcinogens and their health effects, relevant testing and
          regulatory activity information, and toxicity data for
          noncarcinogenic effects (e.g., minimum effective dose values and
          acceptable intake levels).

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                           2-15
                                            OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
          CECATS
          DEEP
          EPACASR
          GENERAL RADIATION
            HEALTH IMPACT
            EVALUATION
          GI
          GTDMIS
          HEOX
          IRIS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

          BIOSIS
          CESARS
     •    CCRIS
          CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
          CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:
            CHEMICALS IN HUMAN
            TISSUES AND FLUIDS
          CLEARINGHOUSE ON
            HEALTH INDEXES
     •    CTCP
     •    EMIC
          ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
            DATA BASES
          ETIC
          HAZARDLINE
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

     •    POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
OHM-TADS
PERMDATA
PDAS
PHRED
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
WBC
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NOES
NOHS
NPIRS
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE

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Data Bases

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                                                      OSWER Directive  9285.6-1

                                   3-1


                                CHAPTER 3

                               DATA BASES
     This chapter contains more complete descriptions  of  the  different  data
bases cited in Chapter 2.   It is divided into four  main sections:

          3.1  EPA Data Bases
          3.2  Non-EPA Data Bases
          3.3  Producers and Online Services                            ,
          3.4  Access to Data Bases Through EPA Libraries

Automated EPA and Non-EPA data bases are listed and briefly described  in
Sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively.1-1   Some of the  items  included  in this
chapter as data bases (e.g., IRIS,  OCIS, DARC) are  actually ancillary  automated
systems which facilitate the research and manipulation of data;  these  systems
can be distinguished from sources of data by  their  description as  "indexing,"
"tracking," or "search system" under "Type."   After the description of  each
data base, references for additional information are given.   For most  of the
EPA data bases, the EPA office where the data base  resides and a responsible
person are provided.  For the non-EPA data bases, as well as  for a few  of  the
EPA data bases, the data base producer and the name of an online service for
accessing the data base are cited.   The addresses and  telephone numbers of
these producers and online services are given in Section  3.3.   Section  3.4
lists data bases that may be accessed and searched  through each of the  EPA
libraries.
3.1  EPA DATA BASES

     The following are EPA data bases that may be useful in performing risk
assessments.   Most of these data bases were identified through EPA's
"information Systems Inventory," an agency-wide compilation of data bases,
models, and other information systems.2-1   The data bases below were selected
from this large inventory because they were identified,  by the people who use
them, as having the primary purpose of risk assessment.

ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
Subject:  Acute Toxicity of Substances
Content:  This microcomputer-based data base on the acute toxicity of various
          chemical substances has been developed by OTS  in support of an
          Agency-wide activity following the Bhopal,  India tragedy.  This data
          base will be used to develop materials to circulate to states and
          localities concerning a list of 400 chemicals  identified by EPA as
          being potentially of concern if released to the environment.
     1J For the purpose of this directory,  manual data bases are considered
data files and are presented separately in  Chapter 4.

     2J More information on the Information Systems Inventory is available
through EPA's Office of Information Resources Management,  Information
Management Branch.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-2
Holder:  Economics and Technology Division, U.S. EPA
Responsible Person:  Nilesh Patel
FTS Phone:  8-382-3718

AIR EMISSIONS FROM TREATMENT STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL FACILITIES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE (TSDF)
Subject:  Air Emissions
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   The TSDF, which is currently under development, will contain
           information about industrial facilities which treat, store, or
           dispose of hazardous waste.  Data to be compiled in TSDF include
           company names, locations, and descriptions, the size of each site,
           waste stream compositions, and physical-chemical properties.  In
           addition, air emission models and dispersion models will be
           included.  The TSDF will be used to generate air emission
           inventories to support future air pollution regulations.
Holder:  Office of Air and Radiation
Responsible' Person:  Gene Smith
FTS Phone:  8-629-5571
AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AND PRECIPITATION DATA (ERFD)
Subject:  Atmospheric Radiation-Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains data on gross beta and gamma concentra-
           tions in samples of airborne particulates and precipitation.
           Monitoring results are given in terms of maximums, minimums, and
           averages.  The location of the sampling point (city and state) is
           also included.
Holder:  Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person:  Gerry Luster
FTS Phone:  8-534-7615
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
Subject:  Toxic Air Pollutants
Type:  Bibliographic and Information Search
Content:   This data base was developed to help exchange information among
           state and local environmental agencies and the EPA.  The contents
           include over 60,000 records on subjects like:  control programs,
           correspondence, publications, reports, and data of states'
           developed and developing programs.  This data base contains the
           same information as the National Air Toxics Clearinghouse (NATICH)
           described later in this section.  Therefore, if the Air Toxics
           Clearinghouse proves difficult to access through the contacts
           outlined below, one can attempt to access NATICH.
Time Span:  Varies w/file
Updating:  Varies w/file
Holder:  Office of Air Programs.  U.S. EPA
Online Service:  Government access through Account with EPA.  On EPA IBM
                 Mainframe.  Private access through NTIS.
Contact:  Dave Patrick or Karen L. Blanchard
          (919) 541-5519

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-3
CARCINOGENICITY LITERATURE
Subject:  Carcinogenicity
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) has
           developed a microcomputer-based summary of literature citations
           relating to chemical carcinogenicity.  Currently,  the data base
           consists of more than 2,000 records covering approximately 600
           chemicals.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
Responsible Person:  Samir Zakhari
FTS Phone:  8-382-4295
CBI GLOBAL
Subject:  Environmental and Health Effects
Type:  Indexing System
Content:   This system, when completely loaded, will be the Confidential
           Business Information (CBI) version of the GLOBAL Indexing System
           (see below).  It will consist of GLOBAL plus TSCA CBI information
           of the same type.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
Responsible Person:  Michele Zenon
FTS Phone:  8-382-3534
CECATS
     see CSB EXISTING CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TRACKING SYSTEM
CHEMD
  -  see OTS CHEMICAL DIRECTORY
CHEMICALS IN COMMERCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (CICIS)
Subject:  Chemical Manufacturing and Importation
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   CICIS contains manufacturing information on chemicals approved for
           production under TSCA.  As of July 1980, it lists chemicals
           manufactured in or imported to the U.S. for commercial use, the
           amount of production or import in 1977, and the locations of
           production.  Information considered trade secret by the chemical
           industry is included in a confidential version of CICIS known as
           the Confidential Business Information (CBI) Inventory, which may
           only be accessed by cleared individuals with a need to know.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person:  Maureen Guild.
FTS Phone:  8-382-3623
CSB EXISTING CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TRACKING SYSTEM (CECATS)
Subject:  Chemical-Specific Hazard Information
Type:  Document tracking
Content:   CECATS is an automated document tracking system designed to aid
           the Chemical Screening Branch (CSB) in reviewing data on existing
           chemicals and selecting those substances that require additional

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-4
           attention by the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS).  The system pro-
           vides storage, retrieval, verification trails, data manipulation,
           and report generation for information on existing chemicals
           associated with:  TSCA Section 8(e) submissions, For Your Informa-
           tion (FYI) submissions, Chemical Hazard Information Profiles
           (CHIP), Pre-Chip screenings, and Substitute Hazard Profiles.  These
           sources provide information on chemical identities, health and
           environmental effects, chemical uses, and market information.
           Information on the status of a chemical within OTS is also provided.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person:  James Darr
FTS Phone:  8-382-3470
CLINICAL STUDIES DIVISION, CLEANS CLEVER CLINICAL STUDY DATA (CSDCLEANS)
Subject:  Human Health Effects From Airborne Contamination
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains human health related data generated from
           the Clinical Studies Division Chapel Hill Facility.   These studies
           involve experiments in which human subjects perform a variety of
           maneuvers while residing in polluted or clean air chambers.  Data
           maintained in the system include pulmonary function measurements,
           heart, stress, and other medical information.  Results of the
           pulmonary studies are used in support of air quality standards.
Holder:  Office of Health Research
Responsible Person:  John O'Neil
FTS Phone:  8-629-2602
CRITERIA REFERENCE INFORMATION BANK (CRIB)
Subject:  Air Quality and Health Effects
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   The CRIB data base contains bibliographic information identifying
           sources cited in air quality criteria and health assessment
           documents.  This information is retrievable by author, title, and
           keyword-in-context.   A full text of the document is available,
           although no abstracts are provided.
Holder:  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Responsible Person:  Doug Fennell
FTS Phone:  8-629-3789
DYER EEG EVOKED POTENTIAL (DEEP)
Subject:  Nervous System Health Effects
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   Data are maintained on the physiological consequences of acute
           and/or chronic toxicant exposure on nervous system functions.
Holder:  Office of Health Research
Responsible Person:  Robert Dwyer
FTS Phone:  8-629-2760
EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FACILITIES (EERF) SAMPLE DATA BASE
Subject:  Environmental Radiation Monitoring Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-5
Content:   On regular schedules, about a dozen environmental sampling
           networks submit samples to the Eastern Environmental Radiation
           Facilities for analysis of radiation levels.   These samples are
           from a wide variety of media (e.g., soil, surface water, ground
           water, drinking water, and air).  This data base contains the
           results of these sample analyses.
Holder:  Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person:  Jon Broadway
FTS Phone:  8-534-7615
EPA CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES STATUS REPORT (EPACASR or CASR)
Subject:  Chemistry
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base contains more than 19,000 references to over 8,000
           chemical substances review or under review by the U.S. EPA in the
           course of its regulatory activities and scientific research.   A
           summary of EPA activities is provided with each named substance.
Time Span:  Up to February, 1984
Updating:  It is not updated
Responsible Person:  Doug Sellers
Telephone:  (202) 382-2320
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS/FATE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EEFIS)
Subject:  Chemical Fate; Environmental Effects
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   EEFIS provides user-friendly, menu-driven access through any
           IBM-compatable personal computer to chemical fate and environmental
           effects information on selected chemicals.  The data base contains
           a variety of information resources, published and unpublished, such
           as journal articles, correspondence, tables, FYI studies submitted
           to EPA by industry, non-CBI Section 8(d) studies, and Section 4
           information.  EEFIS contains chemical fate and environmental
           effects data (1) on chemicals identified for priority testing
           consideration by the interagency testing committee; (2) on
           chemicals for which EPA's Test Rules Development Branch has
           internally generated tests rules or has received requests from
           other program offices to promulgate test rules; and (3) generated
           as a result of EPA's requiring testing under Section 4 of TSCA.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemical Assessment Division
Responsible Person:  John D. Walker
Telephone:  (202) 475-8160
ERFD
  -  see AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AND PRECIPITATION DATA
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
Subject:  Radiation Exposure Assessment
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This system is used to assess health impacts resulting from
           environmental radiation from sources such as radon in surface

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-6
           water, drinking water, and air.  Information in the system is also
           used to assess health effects of gamma radiation levels measured by
           TLD dosimeters.
Holder:  Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person:  D. Norwood
FTS Phone:  8-534-7615
GLOBAL INDEXING SYSTEM (GI)
Subject:  Environmental and Health Effects
Type:  Document Indexing/Bibliographic
Content:   This system stores and retrieves various Office of Toxic
           Substances (OTS) documents and studies collected under TSCA Section
           8(d).  It covers the 20,000 documents existing in the OTS public
           files including all original submissions and all TSCA rulemaking
           records.  The GI system also covers the submissions on health and
           safety studies for about 330 substances listed under the TSCA
           Section 8(d) reporting rule.  GI is a document search and review
           system consisting of a pointer to a fiche copy.  Searches can be
           conducted by using chemical identifiers (e.g., names and CAS
           numbers), submitting company names, and document identification
           data.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person:  Doug Sellers
FTS Phone:  8-382-2320
GENETIC TOXICOLOGY DIVISION BIOASSAY SYSTEM (GTDMIS)
Subject:  Health Effects
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This system contains the results of testing various chemical
           compounds in numerous biological test systems for detecting
           carcinogenicity or mutagenicity.  The results are entered from
           in-house research (HERL-Genetic Toxicology Division), National
           Cancer Institute reports, and other published genetic toxicology
           literature.
Holder:  Office of Health Research
Responsible Person:  Mike Waters
FTS Phone:  8-629-2537
GRAPHICAL EXPOSURE MODELING SYSTEM (GEMS)
Subject:  Environmental Fate and Transport; Populations at Risk
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains 12 datasets and fosters rapid access to 11
           environmental fate and transport models designed to assess risks
           from waste sites which are migrating through various environmental
           media.  The GEMS fate and transport models are discussed in Chapter
           5.  The data sets include:
           CHEMEST Validation.  Includes information on solubility, log P,
           boiling point, and vapor pressure of various substances. -•
           ECONOMIC CENSUS 1977. • Contains information on manufacturers,
           industry, and transportation from 1977.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-7
           GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE.  Contains county level data from selected
           areas on agriculture, climate, vegetation, soils, population, water
           quality, and wildlife.
           GAGE.  Contains stream flow rates from approximately 99,500
           stations throughout the U.S.
           IFDPIR.  Contains facility data for approximately 28,000
           dischargers, excluding POTWS.
          - IFDIND.  Contains facility data for approixmately 12,000
           discharges who discharge through other facilities, usually POTWS.
           MARF 1980 Census.  Contains a variety of location identification
           information, population counts by race, the numbers of families for
    ,       all 50 states.
         .  METEOROLOGICAL DATA.  Contains data for 394 weather stations in
           the continental U.S.
           POTWS.  Contains 1982 survey data from 33,000 publically owned
           treatment works in the U.S.
           REACH.  Contains stream reach information, including cataloging
           unit, segment number, and location for approximately 68,000 reaches
           throughout the country.
           WATER SUPPLY.  Contains the number of surface water utilities, the
           total population served, the number of intake points, and the
           number of STORET water quality stations associated with surface
           water utilities.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
         Exposure Evaluation Division
Telephone:  (202) 382-3928


HEOX (Oxidants)
Subject:  Photochemical Oxidants Health Effects
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This system contains data gathered as part of the oxidant research
           program, which is concerned with the atmospheric processes, health
           and environmental impacts, and control of photochemical oxidants.
           Ozone is the most abundant photochemical oxidant and is of major
           concern for health and environmental effects.  Nitrogen oxides and
           volatile organic compounds, which are precursors of ozone and other
           oxidants, are also being evaluated under this research program.
Holder:  Office of Health Research
Responsible Person:  Richardson Dickerson
FTS Phone:  8-629-2909
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES DATA BASE (ISDB)
Subject:  Hazardous Waste Management
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   The ISDB contains data extracted from RCRA 3007 questionnaires,
           sampling and analysis reports, industry contacts and literature.
           The data tracks the manufacturing processes for specific organic
           chemicals, the types and amounts of waste streams produced, and how
           those waste streams are managed.  Data on industries for the
           following substances are included in the ISDB so far:  chlorinated
           organics,. organic pesticides, carbamate pesticides, dyes,
           chlorinated aromatics, pigments, plastics, and resins.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-8
Holder:  Office of Solid Waste
Responsible Person:  Robert M. Scarberry
FTS Phone:  8-382-4768
INHALATION LITERATURE
Subject:  Inhalation toxicity
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This microcomputer based compilation contains information from the
           open literature on inhalation toxicity.  It includes approximately
           500 records on 100 chemicals.
Holder:  Health and Environmental Review Division
Responsible Person:  Ernest Falke
FTS Phone:  8-382-3430
THE INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Subject:  Risk characteristics of chemicals
Type:  Search system
Content:   IRIS contains results of carcinogenic bioassays, dose-related
           responses, toxicity levels, reference doses, and other parameters
           used to control exposure.  The system is organized on a chemical
           basis and the user .can call up a chemical by name and review all
           material pertinent to it.  IRIS should be online in October or
           November of 1986, and will contain authoritative information on
           about 200 compounds.  Designed as an electronic loose-leaf
           notebook, IRIS can be accessed through commercial E-mail lines, and
           provides users with the ability to access, copy, and print
           information from the data base, while data entry access is limited
           to maintain the integrity of the file.
Holding Office:  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Responsible People:  Mary Wigginton (FTS 8-382-7315) for status and access
                     information; Jeffrey Swartout (FTS 8-684-7811) for
                     scientific issues and accuracy of reference doses


LAKE ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LAMS)
Subject:  Surface Water Quality Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   LAMS includes all water quality data gathered by the EPA Office of
           Research and Development research program administered by the Large
           Lakes Research Station, Grosse lie, MI since 1971.  This data base
           also includes water quality data since 1968 for the Canadian Great
           Lakes.
Holder:  Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person:  William Richardson
FTS Phone:  8-226-7811
LEVEL 8(A)
  -  see TSCA 8(a) LEVEL A INFORMATION SYSTEM
MEGA-X LIST
Subject:  Chemical Information Index
Type:  Information Indexing

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-9
Content:    An index of all the chemicals in the CECATS System (see above)
           that have CAS numbers is being expanded into a system, known as the
           "Mega-X," which is being developed as the beginning of a master
           index to OTS information resources.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
Responsible Person:  James Darr
FTS Phone:  8-382-3470
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
Subject:  Microbiological Organisms
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) is
           developing a microcomputer version of an NIH mainframe system
           consisting of data on the characteristics of various
           microbiological organisms.  This system will be used by OTS in
           future reviews of altered microorganisms proposed for commercial
           introduction and reviewed under TSCA Section 5.  The system is
           scheduled to be running in October 1986.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
Responsible Person:  Mark Segal
FTS Phone:  8-382-3502
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARING HOUSE (NATICH)
Subject:  Toxic Air Pollutants
Type:  Reference-Search System
Content:   This information was developed to assist state and local air
           pollution control agencies exchange information on matters
           pertaining to toxic air pollutants.  The contents include:
                Pollutant-specific information
                Source-specific information
                Information related to methods development activities
                Listings of ongoing research and regulatory development
                projects
                Regulatory program development information
                Bibliographic information
                List of agency sources, contact persons and telephone numbers.
           This data base contains the same information as the Air Toxics
           Clearinghouse described earlier in this section.  Therefore, if
           NATICH proves difficult to access through the contacts outlined
           below, one can attempt to access the Air Toxics Clearinghouse.
Holder:    Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), Pollutant
           Assessment Division.
Responsible Person:  Karen Blanchard
FTS Phone:  629-5519
NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
Subject:  Chemicals in Adipose Tissue
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   OTS's Exposure Evaluation Division (EED) maintains a data base of
           levels of chemicals measured in human adipose tissue.  This data
           base consists of approximately 22,000 citations covering 20
           chemicals.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-10
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, EED
Responsible Person:  Janet Remmers
FTS Phone:  8-382-3583
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
Subject:  Neurotoxicity evaluations
Type:  Bibliographic and Non-bibliographic
Content:   The Toxic Effects Branch of OTS is developing this microcomputer-
           based data base of evaluated neurotoxicity data.  This data base
           will cover the many chemicals reviewed by OTS for neurotoxicity
           under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).   The database
           consists of records at the chemical level, individual article
           level, and at the experimental observational level.  The database
           should be implemented by summer 1986.
Holder:  Health and Environmental Review Division
Responsible Person:  Michael Cimino
FTS Phone:  8-382-3451
OCEAN DATA EVALUATION SYSTEM (ODES)
Subject:  Municipal Effluent Monitoring Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains municipal wastewater effluent monitoring
           data.  Under Section 301(h) of the Clean Water Act, dischargers
           with 301(h) modified permits are required to submit these
           monitoring data in order to demonstrate compliance with the law.
Holder:  Office of Water (Marine and Estuarine Management)
Responsible Person:  Allison Duryee
FTS Phone:  8-755-4911
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DATA SYSTEM (OHM-TADS)
Subject:   Environment; Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    A database containing data gathered from published literature on
           1334 materials that have been designated oil or hazardous
           materials.  Provides technical support for dealing with potential
           or actual dangers resulting from the discharge of oil or hazardous
           substances.  Up to 126 data fields, some textual and some numeric,
           may be present for each record (i.e., one material).  A record
           includes identification of the substance (Chemical Abstracts
           Service registry number, common and trade names, and chemical
           formula), physical properties, uses, toxicity, handling procedures,
           and suggested methods for disposing of spilled materials.  Emphasis
           is placed on the effects of these substances on water quality.
Updating:  About 50 new entries each year
Producer:  U.S. EPA
Online Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS); Information
                 Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
ORALTOX
Subj ect:  Acute Oral Toxicity
Type:  Non-bibliographic

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-11
Content:    ORALTOX contains acute oral toxicity data for rats, wild birds,
           and wild mice.  The data are sorted according to CAS number,
           chemical name, and the number of carbons in the chemical formula.
           All of the data are from literature, with rat toxicity data taken
           from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances and bird
           and mice data taken from literature by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
           Service.  Data for about 20,00.0 chemicals are listed in ORALTOX.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person:  Richard Clements
FTS Phone:  8-382-4270
OTS CHEMICAL DIRECTORY (CHEMD)
Subject:   Physical-Chemical Properties
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:    CHEMD will provide a common storage and retrieval capability for
           chemical structures for chemicals in all OTS automated systems.  It
           will provide chemical structure and substructure search features
           with sophisticated graphics capabilities.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person:  Michele Zenon
FTS Phone:  8-382-3534
PENTA
Subject:  Chemical Case Histories
Type;  Indexing System
Content:   PENTA is an enhanced version of the Technical Data Indexing System
           (TDIS).  It contains scientific- and regulatory information on all
           Premanufacturing Notifications, exemption applications, and notices
           reviewed under the new chemicals and follow-up review process.  The
           data base is designed so that cases can be quickly isolated and
           referenced by their pertinent properties.  The objective of PENTA
           is to automate descriptive information for each case and to provide
           reviewers information on how similar cases were handled in the
           past.  This system contains confidential business information.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
Responsible Person:  Michele Zenon
FTS Phone:  8-382-3534
PERMDATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PERMDATA)
Subject:  Radon Monitoring Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains information on radon measurements in air.
           Data include the sample location, the on and off dates and times
           for the sample, total sample runtime, the thermoluminescent
           dosimetry (TLD) detector number and its measures dose rate, alpha
           and gamma TLD readouts, calibration factors, and radon
           concentrations.
Holder:  Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person:  Richard D. Hopper
FTS Phone:  8-545-2463

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                                   3-12
PESTICIDE DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PDMS)
Subject:  Pesticides
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   The PDMS data base is an on-line index to some 200,000 studies of
           the properties and effects of pesticides.   These are mostly unpub-
           lished documents, submitted by the pesticide industry to support
           regulatory decisions by the Office of Pesticide Programs.  Microform
           copies of all indexed documents are maintained in OPP offices.  The
           index supports searching by chemical, subject, and a wide range of
           other bibliographic and non-bibliographic attributes of each
           document.  Due to widespread claims of data confidentiality by their
           submitters, ready access to PDMS documents is restricted to EPA
           staff cleared for access to FIFRA confidential business information.
Holder:  Office of Pesticide Programs
Responsible Person:  John Carley
FTS Phone:  8-557-3240
PESTICIDE INCIDENT MONITORING SYSTEM (PIMS)
Subject:  Pesticide Incident Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   The PIMS contains and retrieves data on "incidents" involving
           pesticides.  The system develops and maintains reporting sources,
           monitors suspected incidents and provides confirmatory analyses and
           data on circumstances of the incident.
Holder:  Office of Pesticide Programs
Responsible Person:  Jerome Blondell
FTS Phone:  8-557-0320
PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (PDAS)
Subject:  Health Effects
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   The PDAS contains real-time physiological data (e.g., pulmonary
           function, heart, and stress measurements) from subjects who perform
          • various tests while enclosed in chambers exposing them to various
           levels of pollutants.  One of the pollutants studied is ozone.
Holder:  Office of Health Research
Responsible Person:  John O'Neil
FTS Phone:  8-629-2602
PUBLIC HEALTH RISK EVALUATION DATA BASE (PHRED)
Subject:   Chemical, physical, and toxicological data and health-based
           standards
Type:  Non-bibliographic with source citations
Content:   This personal computer software package is designed to provide
           chemical, physical, and toxicological data and health-based
           standards and criteria for over 400 chemicals that may be found at
           Superfund sites.  The package is intended to accompany the
           Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (Office of Solid Waste
           and Emergency Response Directive 9285.4-1) which is also the source
           of most of the data.  More detailed information about specific
           types of data in the data base can be found in the manual, and
           footnotes and data sources are included throughout the data.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-13
Holder:  Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Policy Analysis Staff
Responsible Person:  Craig Zamuda
FTS Phone:  8-382-2201
RADIATION (RAD)
Subject:   Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Effects
Type:   Non-bibliographic
Content:    This system contains data from an EPA program to evaluate the
           significance and dose-response characteristics of radiofrequency
           radiation (including microwaves) exposure.  This program is
           intended to provide the scientific basis for decision-making, as
           well as EPA guidance, on radiofrequency radiation.   Data in RAD are
           useful in identifying and explaining the underlying mechanisms for
           biophysical interactions, as well as enable better prediction of
           risks for humans.
Holder:  Office of Health Research
Responsible Person:  Richard Phillips
FTS Phone:  8-629-2771
                                                              Contains data
                                                             effects of over
                                                             organisms
SCIENTIFIC PARAMETERS FOR HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT,
RETRIEVAL AND ESTIMATION (SPHERE)
Subject:   Biomedicine; Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic); Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    Contains 5 files of information on the health and environmental
           effects of chemical substances.  Data are extracted from the
           published literature.
           AQUATIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL DATA BASE (AQUIRE).
           on acute, chronic, bioaccumulative, and sublethal
           2500 chemical substances on freshwater and marine
           (excluding bacteria, birds, and aquatic mammals).
           DERMAL ABSORPTION DATA BASE.  Contains information on the
           qualitative and quantitative health effects of approximately 650
           chemical substances administered to humans and test animals via the
           dermal route.
           ENVIROFATE.  Contains information on the environmental fate or
           behavior (i.e., transport and degradation) of chemicals released
           into the environment.  Chemicals selected for inclusion are
           produced in quantities exceeding 1 million pounds per year.  Data,
           extracted from published literature, include environmental
           transformation rates (e.g., biodegradation, oxidation, hydrolysis)
           and physical and chemical properties (e.g., water solubility, vapor
           pressure).
           GENETOX.  Contains mutagenicity information on 3170 chemicals that
           were tested against 38 biological systems.  Data are extracted from
           published literature.
           INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR HAZARDOUS ORGANICS IN WATER (ISHOW).
           Contains melting point, boiling point, partition coefficient, acid
           dissociation constant, water solubility, and vapor pressure data
           for more than 5400 chemicals.
Time Span:  1970-present
Updating:  Periodically, as new data become available

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-14
Producer:  U.S. EPA
Online Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc., (CIS); Information
                 Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
STARA
  -  see STUDIES ON TOXICITY APPLICABLE TO RISK ASSESSMENT
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION (STORET)
Subject:  Water Quality Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   STORET contains water quality data used by State and EPA analysts
           in making water pollution control decisions (e.g., issuing NPDES
           permits, establishing water quality standards for toxic pollutants,
           evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory programs, and assessing
           concentrations of toxic pollutants).  Data contained in STORET
           include aquatic biological data, hydrologic data, stream reach
           data, and other related information.  Approximately 60 million
           observations of water quality parameters measured at about 200,000
           monitoring sites in the U.S. are included in the data base, along
           with information on how and where the data were obtained.
Holder:  Office of Water
Responsible Person:  Phillip Lindestruth
FTS Phone:  8-382-7220
STUDIES ON TOXICITY APPLICABLE TO RISK ASSESSMENT (STARA)
Subject:  Toxicological Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This system contains available quantitative toxicological data on
           all EPA priority pollutants (water quality and air lists).  Data
           are extracted from peer-reviewed studies which are screened for
           appropriateness for human health risk estimation.  Related software
           procedures (WYLBUR EXEC) allow generation of formatted tables of
           the original data, tables of data in human equivalent
           (dose-duration) terms, and graphs of severity versus dose and
           duration.
Holder:  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Responsible Person:  Richard Hertzberg
FTS Phone:  8-684-7582
TSCA INITIAL INVENTORY
Subject:  Chemical Industry; Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   Contains information on the approximately 56,000 chemical
           substances in commerce in the U.S. covered in the Toxic Substances
           Control Act (TSCA) Initial Inventory published June 1, 1979.  Each
           record, providing information on one substance, includes the
           Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, preferred name,
           molecular formula, and synonyms.  Synonyms in the records are only
           those received in the inventory reports; additional synonyms

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-15
           provided in the corresponding printed version are not included.
           Confidential substances and definitions of complex substances are
           also excluded.
Time Span:  Inventory current as of May 1, 1983
Updating:  Irregularly
Producer:  U.S. EPA
Online Service:  DIALOG
TSCA 8(a) LEVEL A INFORMATION SYSTEM (LEVELS(A))
Subject:  Chemical Use and Exposure
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   The Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR), under section
           8(A) of TSCA, requires chemical manufacturers to submit general use
           and exposure data to EPA on approximately 250 chemicals.  The
           information submitted includes data on the quantities of chemicals
           manufactured, amounts directed to certain classes of use, and
           potential exposures and environmental releases associated with the
           manufacturing or processing of the chemicals.  The LEVEL8(A)
           Information System contains these data collected under the PAIR.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person:  Maureen Guild
FTS Phone:  8-382-3623
TSCA PLUS
Subject:  Chemical Identification, Manufacturing, and Use
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   This data base lists chemicals in the TSCA initial inventory of
           1976, plus additions as of 1981, and includes plant and production
           data exclusive to SDC Information Services.  The chemical records
           in the data base include molecular formula, registry number,
           chemical name, synonyms, and data on manufacturers, amount produced
           and used.  Name, contact person, address, and number of substance
           producers are also included.
Time Span:  1976-present
Updating:  Continuously
Producer:  Office of the Toxic Substances
Online Service:  SDC Information Services
TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS (TSCATS)
Subject:  Chemical Test Results
Type:  Chemical Indexing
Content:   The TSCATS data base represents 'a compilation of testing data
           gathered by EPA from chemical manufacturers and processors.  It is
           designed to provide indexing terms and descriptors that will enable
           users to conduct focused searches of industry submissions under
           TSCA.  Each record in the data base contains essential chemical
           tracking information (document number, title, microfiche number,
           TSCA section code, CAS number), and descriptors for subject
           category (health effects, environmental effects, environmental

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-16
           fate) and various aspects of the experimental design (study type,
           subject organism/test system, route of exposure, test substance).
           The system documents approximately 1500 tests for 1232 chemicals.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
Responsible Person:  Doug Sellers
FTS Phone:  8-382-2320
TSDF
  -  see AIR EMISSIONS FROM TREATMENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES FOR
     HAZARDOUS WASTE
WHOLE-BODY COUNT AND BIOASSAY (WBC)
Subject:  Radionuclide Intake by Humans
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This data base, which is-under development, will hold data on
           ingested and inhaled radionuclide levels in humans (radiation
           workers and the general public) relative to Nevada Test Site
           operations and laboratory activities.  These data have been
           collected since 1963 and are being extracted from reports, internal
           memoranda, monitoring logs, and raw data.   Mobilized whole body
           counters are being developed for future data collection in the
           field.
Holder:  Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Responsible Person:  Anita Mullen
FTS Phone:  8-545-2597
3.2  NON-EPA DATA  BASES

     The following are automated non-EPA data bases.   Some of the data bases
below were identified through personal interviews with EPA and non-EPA
employees.  Most of the'data bases, however, were selected from other data
base directories3J because of their apparent usefulness in performing risk
assessments.  The information on each data base was taken directly from these
other directories, which should be consulted for further information on -these
and other data bases.

ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
Subject:  Chemistry Journals
Type:  Full Text
Content:   This data base contains over 50,000 articles (full text) from 18
           journals published by the American Chemical Society.  The journals
           covered are:  (1) Accounts of Chemical Research, (2) Analytical
     3J Cuadra Associates, Inc.  1985.  Directory of Online Databases,
Volume 6, Number 3.  LC Catalog Number 79-54776.  Santa Monica, CA.

     Zaronzny, Sharon and Monica Honer.  1984.  The Federal Data Base Finder,
A Directory of Free and Fee-Based Data Bases and Files Available from the
Federal Government.  1984-85 Edition.  Information USA, Inc.  Potomac, MD.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-17
           Chemistry (only research papers), (3) Biochemistry, (4) Chemical
           Reviews, (5) Environmental Science and Technology (1982-Present,
           only research papers), (6) Inorganic Chemistry, (7) Journal of
           Agricultural and Food Chemistry, (8) Journal of the American
           Chemical Society (July 1980-Present), (9) Journal of Chemistry and
           Engineering Data, (10) Journal of Chemical Information and Computer
           Science, (11) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1976-present), (12)
           Journal of Physical Chemistry, (13) Langmuir (1985-present), (14)
           Macromolecules, and (15) Organometallics (1982-present).   For the
           Journal of The American Chemical Society, Journal of Organic
           Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organometallics, the Registry
           Numbers assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service are included.
Producer:  American Chemical Society
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS)
AGRICOLA
Subject:  Agriculture, Food Sciences and Nutrition
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base contains citations to government reports,
           monographs, journal literature, serials, etc., in agriculture and
           other related areas.  This information has been acquired by The
           National Agricultural Library for use by The U.S. Department of
           Agriculture.  Covered topics include animal sciences, chemistry and
           engineering, food and human nutrition, forestry, natural resources,
           pesticides, soils and fertilizers, water resources, impact of
           chemicals in living organisms.
Time Span:  1970-present
Updating:  Approximately 12,000 records/month
Producer:  U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Library
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS) and DIALOG


AIR/WATER POLLUTION REPORT
Subject:  Air and Water Laws and Regulations
Type:  Full Text
Content:   This data base contains Air/Water Pollution Report (full text),
           which is a newsletter that covers air and water pollution.  It
           concentrates on environmental laws and regulations, especially on
           the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts.
Time Span:  1982-present
Updating:  Every week
Producer:  Business Publishers, Inc.
Online Service:  NewsNet, Inc.


AQUALINE
Subject:  Environment, Aquatic Sciences
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base includes over 87,000 citations, with abstracts, to
           literature  (worldwide) on aspects of waste water, water, and the
           aquatic environment.  Relevant topics are:  (1) surface water, (2)
           waste water treatment, (3) groundwater, (4) water sampling and
           analysis,  (5) groundwater pollution, (6) drinking water quality,
           (7) sludge utilization and other related topics.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-18
Time Span:  1960-present
Updating:  Approximately 550 records/month
Online Service:  DIALOG
AQUATIC SCIENCES AND FISHERIES ABSTRACTS (ASFA)
Subject:  Aquatic Sciences
Type:  Reference (Bibliograhic)
Content:   This data base contains citations with abstracts to literature on
           science, technology, and management of marine, brackish, and
           freshwater environments.  It includes these and related subjects:
           agriculture; aquatic biology; ecology and ecosystems; environmental
           studies; fisheries; limnology; marine biology, pollution, and
           technology; and water pollution.
Time Span:  1978-present
Updating:  About 3000 records a month
Producer:  Cambridge Scientific Abstracts,  Intergovernmental Oceanographic
           Commission, United Nations
Online Service:  DIALOG, CISTI


BIOSCIENCES INFORMATION SERVICE (BIOSIS)
Subject:  Life Sciences
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   BIOSIS contains citations and abstracts from Biological Abstracts,
           Biological Abstracts/Reports, Reviews, Meetings, and Bioresearch
           Index.  Together, these publications constitute a major
           English-language service providing comprehensive worldwide coverage
           of research in the life sciences.
Time Span:  1969 to present
Online Service:  DIALOG
CANCER LITERATURE (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCERLINE)
Subject:  Cancer
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   CANCERLIT contains about 521,000 references dealing with various
           aspects of cancer.  All references have English abstracts.  Over
           3,500 U.S. and foreign journals, as well as selected monographs,
           meeting papers, reports, and dissertations are abstracted for
           inclusion in CANCERLIT.
Time Span:  1963-present
Updating:  Monthly (5,000 additions per month)
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine


CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY DATA SYSTEM (CBDS)
Subject:  Toxicology
Type:  Numeric
Content:   This data base contains data on approximately 600 chemical
           compounds being tested for toxicity.  Data is mostly carcinogenic
           results of tests on rats exposed to environmental chemicals.
           Retrievable information includes:  specific animal, dose of

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-19
           chemical, animal age, results, organs affected and kinds of tumors.
           Examples of chemicals tested include compounds in pesticides and
           over-the-counter drugs.  CBDS is searchable in batch mode.
Time Span:  1973-present
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
CAS ONLINE (also known as CA SEARCH)
Subject:  Chemistry
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base contains citations to literature in chemistry;
           organic, analytical, physical, applied, macromolecular, biochemical,
           and chemical engineering.  Covers journals, monographs, conference
           proceedings, technical reports.  Contains bibliographic information
           and keyword index entries from the printed Chemical Abstracts,
           CAS-assigned subject terms, and Registry Numbers.
Time Span:  1967-present
Updating:  BRS and CISTI about 40,000 records per month; DIALOG, Data-Star,
           ESA-IRS, JICST, SDC about 19,000 records every two weeks.
Producer:  Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS), CISTI, DIALOG, Systems
                 Development Corporation (SDC)


CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE SOURCE INDEX (CASSI)
Subject:  Chemistry
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base covers scientific and technical literature relevant
           to chemistry, chemical engineering, and the chemical sciences.
Time Span:  1900-present
Updating:  Quarterly
Producer:  Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
Online Service:  Systems Development Corporation  (SDC)


CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM (CCRIS)
Subject:  Toxicology
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic); Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   This data base contains bibliographic references and data
           extracted from literature on test conditions and results of
           carcinogenicity, tnutagenicity, and tumor production of 882
           chemicals.  Data sources include environmental surveys, National
           Institute of Health sponsored studies, and international journals
           on cancer research.
Time Span:  1971-present
Updating:  Two times per year
Producer:  U.S. National Institutes of Health
Online Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS)


CHEMICAL EVALUATION SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (CESARS)
Subject:  Chemical Properties, Environmental Fate, and Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-20
Content:    Contains toxicological data on approximately 195 chemicals.  Data
           items covered include physical and chemical properties, toxicity,
           carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and environmental
           fate.  Data are from literature which are referenced to source
           documents.
Time Span:  1962-present
Updating:  Annually
Producer:  Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Online Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS); Information
                 Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
Subject:  Effects of Contaminants on Animals and Humans
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains data from journal articles, conferences, and reports.
           Traces toxic chemicals and other substances to evaluate their
           effects.  Includes information on chemical properties, synonyms,
           CAS Registry Numbers, formulas, tissue measured, analytical method
           used, demograhics, keywords, systemic names, etc.  Has all the
           information one needs when examining toxicity of various substances
           and their effects on animals and humans.
Time Span:  1974-present
Updating:  Annually
Producer:  Oak Ridge National Library, Chemical Effects Information Center
Online Service:  DIALOG
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE; CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
Subject:   Toxicology
Type:  Reference  (Bibliographic); Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    Contains citations to literature on over 1000 chemicals that have
           been identified in human biological media and reported effects of
           metals, pesticides, and other substances on the human body.  Each
           record includes bibliographic information, Chemical Abstracts
           Service systematic name and Registry Number, chemical properties,
           formulas, synonyms, tissue levels measured, analytical method used,
           number and sex of cases, demographic information on sources of
           samples, health effects, geographic location, and animal studied.
Time Span:  1974-present
Updating:  About 2000 records a year
Producer:  Science Applications International Corp.
Online Service:  DIALOG, U.S. DOE (RECON)
CHEMICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (CIS)
Subject:  Chemistry
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base provides cross-reference to all citations of a
           chemical or class of chemicals cited in the Federal Register (FR)
           since January 1, 1978.  Each mention of a substance in the Register
           results in a citation in the data base, with a description of the
           FR article as it concerns the cited substance or substances, the

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-21
           agency or agencies involved, the actions being taken or proposed,
           significant dates, and the affected sections of the CFR (Code of
           Federal Regulations).
Time Span:  1978-present
Updating:  Continuously
Producer:  NIH/EPA Chemical Information System
           User Support
           Computer Sciences Corporation
Online Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc.
CHEMICAL REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES SYSTEM (CRGS)
Subject:   Chemical Regulations
Type:   Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:    This data base provides an index to U.S. Federal regulatory
           material on the control of chemical substances and covers federal
           statutes, promulgated regulations, available federal guidelines,
           standards, and support documents.   CRGS follows the regulatory
           cycle and includes an up-to-date reference to each document,
           including main documents and revisions published in the Federal
           Register.  Each chemical cited in a regulatory document is indexed
           by name, CAS Registry Number, and a chemical role tag.  The latter
           shows the context in which the substances appear in the document.
           Citations show publication title,  date, abstract, index terms and
           chemical identifiers.
Time Span:  May 1981-present
Updating:  Monthly
Producer:  CRC Systems, Inc.
Online Service:  DIALOG
CHEMICAL REGULATION REPORTER
Subject:  Current Developments in Chemical Industry and Regulation
Type:  Full Text
Content:   Contains full text of the current developments section of Chemical
           Regulation Reporter, covering legislative, regulatory, and industry
           activities related to control of chemicals in the air, water, land,
           and workplace.  Includes control of pesticides, chemical testing,
           transportation of hazardous materials, waste disposal, and
           recordkeeping.  Primary source is the U.S. Environmental Protection
           Agency.
Time Span:  1982-present
Updating:  Weekly
Producer:  Bureau of National Affairs
Online Service:  Mead Data Central
CHEMLAW
Subject:  Chemical Regulations
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   This data base covers U.S. agencies' regulations relating-to the
           manufacture, storage, use, transportation and disposal of chemical
           substances.  Available with summaries, CFR title headings, CFR
           citations, promulgating agency and statutory authority.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-22
Producer:  The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
Online Service:  DIALOG
CHEMLINE
Subject:  Chemical Dictionary
Type:  Source (Numeric)
Content:   Contains over 500,000 records on chemical substances found in the
           following data bases:  TOXLINE; TOXBACK 65; TOXBACK 74; MEDLINE;
           and TDB data bases; also, the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act
           Inventory.  Also contains National Library of Medicine file
           locators and limited ring information.  This data base helps the
           user in searching the other MEDLARS data base by providing synonyms
           and CAS Registry Numbers, the use of which can increase retrieval
           in those data bases.  CHEMLINE can also be searched to locate
           classes of chemical substances.
Time Span:  1965-present
Producer:  U.S.  National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute,
           International Cancer Research Data Bank Program
Online Service:   National Library of Medicine, DIALOG (CHEMLINE is under the
                 name CHEMNAME in DIALOG), SDC Information Service (CHEMLINE
                 is under the name CHEMDEX in SDC)
CHEMSEARCH
Subject:  Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   Contains nomenclature information by substances not yet entered in
           CHEMSIS that have appeared in the most recent 3 updates of CA
           SEARCH.  Elements of data include CAS Registry Number, molecular
           formula, and systematic names from the Chemical Abstracts Substance
           Index.
Time Span:  Most recent 3 updates of CA SEARCH
Updating:  Every 2 weeks
Online Service:  DIALOG
CHEM SINGLY INDEXED SUBSTANCES (CHEMSIS)
Subject:  Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   This data base includes CAS Registry Number, molecular formula,
           systematic names from the Chemical Abstracts Substance Index,
           synonyms, and ring data.  Additional search terms generated by
           DIALOG for this database are also included.
Time Span:  1967-present
Updating:  Current collective index period, irregularly; earlier periods, not
           updated.
Online Service:  DIALOG
CHEMTRAN
Subj ect:   Chemistry-Properties
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-23
Content:    Is a component of a process simulation system that combines data
           on physical properties of compounds and constants with the software
           necessary to perform vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations.  Data
           on 857 compounds cover molecular weight, normal boiling points ,
           critical properties, ideal gas heat capacities, acentric factors,
           solubility parameters, liquid density, vapor pressures, and heats
           of vaporization.  The user may also supply a 2-dimensional chemical
           structure for any compound not in the file and the system will
           estimate the physical properties of that compound.
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  ChemShare Corporation; Control Data Corporation; General
                 Electric Information Services Company
CHEMZERO
Sub ject:  Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   Contains nomenclature information for over 1 million chemical
           substances that are not cited in Chemical Abstracts.  The following
           data items from the Reigstry Nomenclature and Structure Service are
           included:  CAS Registry Number, molecular formula, systematic names
           from the Chemical Abstracts Substance Index, and synonyms.
           Additional search terms generated by DIALOG for this database are
           also included.
Time Span:  1965-present
Updating:  Irregularly
Online Service:  DIALOG
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
Subject:  Health
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
This data base contains citations and abstracts of literature about
health indexes.   The system includes both published and unpublished
materials in a variety of languages; book reviews; information about
forthcoming conferences, meetings, seminars, etc., relating to the
development and/or application of health measures; and a bulletin
board file with information pertaining to the development of health
indexes such as forthcoming books, libraries, and technical
information centers.  "Health indexes" refers to the overall health
of an individual or group, and concerns measures of health, not
disease.  Examples of topics covered include:  number of cancer
deaths, life expectancy, quality of life, and biometry.  The data
base contains multidisciplinary materials in fields such as
sociology, psychology, economics and political science.
 1973-present
Cont inuously
      Department of Health and Human Services
      Office of Analysis and Epidemiology
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS (CTCP)
Subject:  Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-24
Content:   A database system that contains chemical and toxicological
           information on over 20,000 commercial products derived from 3000
           chemicals.  Records can be retrieved by manufacturer, trade name,
           manufacturer's approved usage, date of most recent change in
           chemical formulation, chemical names of ingredients, and Chemical
           Abstracts Service Registry Number.  Includes data on toxicity,
           symptoms, and treatments.
Time Span:  1984
Updating:  Data from monthly bulletins added quarterly; is completely
           replaced with each new edition.
Producer:  U.S. EPA; U.S. Food and Drug Admin., U.S. National Institutes of
           Health
Online .Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS)


COMPLIANCE ALERT:  FEDERAL REGISTER DIGEST
Subject:  Energy; Environment; Government-U.S. Federal; Safety
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains summaries of federal regulations pertaining to the
           environment, waste management, energy, and the Occupational Safety
           and Health Administration (OSHA).   Covers relevant sections of the
           Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations.
Time Span:  1984-present
Updating:  Weekly
Producer:  Bureau of Law & Business,  Inc.
Online Service:  CompuServe Consumer Information Service; NewsNet, Inc.


COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT REPORT
Subject:  Compliance with Environmental and Safety Requirements
Type:  Full Text
Content:   Contains full text of Compliance Management Report, a newsletter
           on legal and practical problems encountered in complying with
           federal laws and regulations in the environmental protection and
           occupational health and safety areas.  Covers air pollution,
           hazardous materials and wastes, and technologies supporting
           compliance with regulations.
Time Span:  1984-present
Updat ing:  Monthly
Producer:  Bureau of Law & Business,  Inc.
Online Service:  NewsNet, Inc.
PARC
Subject:  Chemical Structure
Type:  Search System
Content:   DARC is an integrated chemical search system which operates on the
           (1) almost seven million chemical compounds in the Chemical
           Abstracts Service; (2) the almost four million compounds in the
           Index Chemicals Online file; and (3) the 40,000 compounds and
           40,000 complete low resolution mass spectra in the SPECTRA file
           (NIH-EPA Mass Spectra Data Center).  Searching is done on
           structures, substructures, and Markush Formulae.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-25
Time Span:  1965-present
Updating:  Monthly (depends on specific file)
Online Service:  Questel, Inc.
QMS
Subject:   Hydrologic and Water Quality Data
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Numeric)
Content:    Contains hydrologic and water quality data collected from field
           work and laboratory tests by the U.S. Geological Survey, National
           Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Environmental
           Protection Agency.  Software systems allow users to analyze time
           series data, land segments hydrologic response, washoff and routing
           in channels and reservoirs, and momentum equations.
Online Service:  Hydrocomp, Inc.


DORTMUND VLE DATA BANK
Subject:   Chemistry-Properties
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Numeric)
Content:    Contains over 10,000 sets of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for
           approximately 1200 chemicals.  Each set of data contains either
           isobaric or isothermal data for binary, ternary, or quarternary
           systems.  Sources of data include over 2400 technical journal
           articles and dissertations.
Time Span:  1890-present
Updating:  Twice a year
Producer:  University of Dortmund
Online Service:  ChemShare Corporation
EMBASE
Subject:   Human Medicine
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:    EMBASE provides bibliographic references and abstracts for
           literature on human medicine and related disciplines.  Subject
           coverage includes the basic biological sciences with some relevance
           to human medicine, such as articles on drugs and potential drugs.
           Normally excluded are articles on nursing, dentistry, psychology,
           paramedical professions, podiatry, and optometry.
Time Span:  1974 to present
Updating:   235,000 records added annually
Online Service:  DIALOG
ENVIROLINE
Subject:  Environment
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains citations to a broad range of issues and topics related
           to the environment and the management and use of natural resources.
           Major topic areas included are air, water, and noise pollution;
           management of renewable and non-renewable resources of the land and
           water; chemicals, and biological and radiological contaminants.
           Covers all types of printed literature, including conference papers,
           research reports, government documents, and journal articles.

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Time Span:  1971-present
Updating:  About 600 records, a month
Online Service:  DIALOG
ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
Subject:   Current Developments in Environmental Management
Type:  Source (Full Text)
Content:    Contains full text of the current developments section of
           Environment Reporter, covering state and federal legislative,
           regulatory, and judicial activities related to pollution control
           and the environment.  Includes developments concerning air and
           water pollution, hazardous wastes, solid wastes, mining, land use,
           and sewage treatment.
Time Span:  1982-present
Updating:  Weekly
Producer:  The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
Online Service:   Mead Data Central
ENVIRONMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Subject:  General Environmental References
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains citations to literature on the environment, including
           water, air, soil, and noise pollution, solid waste management,
           health hazards, urban planning and other related topics.
Time Span:  1973-present
Updating:   About 4000 records every 2 months
Online Service:  DIALOG
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
Subiect:   Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
Type:   Reference (Bibliographic); Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    Consists of 3 interrelated files of information on the fate (i.e.,
           transport and degradation) of organic chemicals released in the
           environment.
           DATALOG.  Contains over 48,000 records covering over 4000 organic
           chemicals and metals.  Each record provides the chemical name,
           molecular formula, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry
           Number, and one or more of 18 data items relevant to the
           environmental fate of the chemical (e.g., water solubility, octanol/
           water partition coefficient, vapor pressure, soil adsorption,
           Henry's Law constant, biodegradation, hydrolysis).  Each record
           also contains an abbreviated, reference to the source article.
           CHEMFATE.  Contains actual data derived from the literature
           pertinent to the fate of over 465 representative chemicals listed
           in DATALOG.  Categories of data include chemical identification
           information (e.g., molecular formula, molecular weight, chemical
           name, synonyms); chemodynamic properties (e.g., log octanol/water
           partition coefficient, log acid.dissociation constant, soil
           adsorption, ultra-violet absorption, vapor pressure, solubility in
           water); transport properties (e.g., bioconcentration, evaporation

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

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           from water, Henry's Law constant, soil column transport);
           laboratory degradation data; and environmental measurements (e.g.,
           air, biota, water and soil monitoring, and data from field
           studies).  Each record also includes the CAS Registry Number,  data
           type, reference to the source article, and a summary of
           experimental design, methods, and results.
           BIOLOG.  Contains citations to literature on microbial degradation
           and toxicity.  Records are organized by CAS Registry Number and by
           6 categories.
Updating:  Periodically, as new data become available
Producer:  Syracuse Research Corporation
Online Service:  Syracuse Research Corporation


ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NEWS
Subject:   Environment
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:    The data base is not a bibliographic or abstracting service, but
           rather an environmental news alert.  News stories appear weekly in
           the data bank, totalling approximately 15 new headlines each week.
           Ev.ents covered include committee recommendations, activities,  state
           and local actions, regulatory testing requirements, agency
           personnel changes and court rulings.
Time Span:  December 1981-present
Updating:  Continuously
Producer:  Occupational Health Services, Inc.
Online Service:  Occupational Health Services, Inc.


ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN INFORMATION CENTER (EMIC)
Subject:   Genetic toxicology of chemicals
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:    Includes references indexed from journals, magazines, and
           professional presentations throughout the world.  Contains
           approximately 60,000 references.
Time Span:  1968-present
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine


ENVIRONMENTAL TERRETOLOGY INFORMATION CENTER  (ETIC)
Subject:    Valuative of Chemical-Physical-Biological Agents for Teratogenic
           Activity
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:    Includes over 40,000 references pertaining to the biochemical
           agents for terretology.
Time Span:  1950-present
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATA BANK (HSDB)
Subject:   Chemical Data
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

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Content:    This data base contains data on more than 4100 substances that are
           of known or potential toxicity and to which substantial popualtions
           are exposed.  Covers environmental health, standards, and
           regulations, monitoring and analysis, and safety and handling.
Producer:  National Library of Medicine
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine
HAZARDLINE
Subject:  Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   Contains regulatory, health, and precautionary data on over 75,000
           hazardous chemicals.  Includes chemical name;  chemical formula;
           synonyms, including brand and trade names; Chemical Abstracts
           Service (CAS) Registry Number; identification number from the
           Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (see RTECS); U.S.
           Department of Transportation (DOT) UN/PLACARD number; U.S.
           Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hazardous waste number; a
           physical description of the substance; chemical and physical
           properties; incompatibility with other chemical substances;
           emergency procedures in the event of personal contact; route of
           entry of the substance into the body; permissible exposure levels,
           including carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic data,  CERCLA
           Hazard Ratings,  EPA reportable quantities, Food and Drug
           Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intake and food tolerances;
           level of danger to life or health; relevant federal regulations and
           abstracts of state laws on hazardous materials, transportation,
           storage, and state right-to-know laws; and guidelines and
           procedures for dealing with hazardous leaks, spills, and waste
           disposal.  Users can retrieve data on specific chemical substances
           by searching on various criteria, including chemical name, synonym,
           keyword, chemical formula, CAS Registry Number, RTECS number, or
           symptoms of exposure.  Sources of data include (OSHA) and EPA
           standards and regulations, as well as National Institute of
           Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) criteria documents.
Updating:  Most services, daily; Mead Data Central, quarterly
Producer:  Occupational Health Services, Inc.
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); Executive Telecom
                 System, Inc.; Mead Data Central
HEILBRON
Subject:  Chemistry-Properties
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   Contains physical and chemical properties data on approximately
           70,000 important substances selected by a panel of experts.
           Includes molecular weight and formula; melting, freezing, and
           boiling point; solubility; relative density; optical rotation;
           dissociation constants; and Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
           Number, derivative names, synonyms, and variant compounds.
Time Span:  Current information
Updating:  Every 6 months
Online Service:  DIALOG

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INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Subject:  Educational Materials and Institutions Concerning Water Resources
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic, Referral)
Content:   Contains citations, with abstracts, to educational and
           instructional materials (both print and non-print) on water quality
           and water resources.  Topics covered include water quality, water
           resources, water pollution control, water treatment, waste
           disposal, wastewater treatment, water quality monitoring, safety,
           standards, pesticides and toxic substances.
Time Span:  1979-present
Updating:  About 1300 records a year
Online Service:  CompuServe Consumer Information Service
LEXIS
Subject:  Court Cases
Type:  Full-Text
Content:
           and Actions
Time Span:
Updat ing:
Online Service:
LEXIS contains the full-text court decisions for complete legal
cases and relevant text from a few pending cases.  The court cases
included in LEXIS are from both federal and local levels taking
place in the entire U.S. as well as internationally (court cases
from Great Britain and France are included).  In addition to court
case actions, LEXIS contains the full-text of other legal-related
non-case law material including college law reviews, Commerce
Clearinghouse Materials, American Bar Association publications, and
publications from the Bureau of National Affairs.
 State court cases are from approximately 1976 to present; federal
 court cases are from the 1800's to present.  An effort is under
 way to include court cases dating back to the mid 1700's.
As court cases are decided
      Mead Data Central
LOG P DATABASE
Subject:  Chemistry-Properties
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Numeric)
Content:   Contains about 27,500 records providing partition coefficients
           (log P values) and related data for over 13,000 organic compounds
           in about 300 solvents.  Includes compound name, log P value,
           Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, molecular formula,
           chemical name, Wiswesser Line Notation (WLN), Acid Dissociation
           Constant (PKA), and citations to source documents.  Data can be
           used to predict properties (e.g., absorption, solubility) and
           interactions of substances in chemical and biological procedures
           and processes.
Time Span:  1965 to date
Updating:  About 1250 records twice a year
Producer:  Pomana College Medical Chemistry Project
Online Service:  Technical Database Services, Inc.
MASTER WATER DATA INDEX (MWDI)
Subject:  Aquatic Sciences
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-30
Content:   Contains about 500,000 sites throughout the U.S.  from which water
           data (both surface and ground) is collected.  Site information
           includes:  location, organization collecting information, status of
           collection project and water quality parameter data.   The data base
           can be searched by geographical area, type of site, and
           longitude/latitude position.
Time Span:  1976-present
Online Service:  U.S. Geological Survey
                 NAWDEX Program Office
MEDLINE
Subject:  Medical
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   MEDLINE contains approximately 600,000 references to biomedical
           journal articles published in the current and two preceeding
           years.  An English abstract, if published with the article, is
           frequently included.  The articles are from 3,000 journals
           published in the U.S. and to foreign countries, as well as from
           selected monographs.
Time Span:  1966 to present
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REFERRAL SERVICE (NEDRES)
Subject:   Environment; Information Systems & Services-Directories
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic, Referral)
Content:    Contains over 13,000 descriptions of sources of publicly available
           environmental data collected by environmental satellites,
           oceanographic vessels, weather stations, buoys, and environmental
           observers.  Type of data sources covered include computer-readable
           data files, printed publications, data file documentation (e.g.,
           manuals, codebooks), and organizations that provide environmental
           data.  Covers climatological, meteorological, oceanographic,
           geophysical, geological, geographic, hydrological and limnological
           data.  Each record includes title or name of data source;
           descriptions of purpose and general characteristics of the data;
           data collection methods; data processing and quality control; time
           period; geographic area; names of observed or computed parameters
           and variables; general descriptors such as chemical compound and
           biological organism names; availability of data (e.g., contact
           person or organization and volume, media, and conditions of use);
           principal investigator(s); program, project name or acronyms, and
           contract or grant; processing organization (if different from
           contact); related publications; and discipline, type, and
           organization codes.
Time Span:  1974-present
Updating:  Quarterly
Producer:  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
           Environmental Data Referral Service
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS)

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NATIONAL GROUNDWATER INFORMATION CENTER DATA BASE (NGWIC)
Subject:  Ground and Surface Water Use
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   The NGWIC data base contains references on the occurrence and
           utilization of surface and ground water, and on water well
           technology.  Indexed titles include trade and technical journals
           and newsletters, books, and government documents.   Because EPA
           established the National Groundwater Information Center,  there is
           special emphasis in the data base on EPA-sponsored reports.
Time Span:  Depends on the journal; some since 1990
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  National Water Well Association
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY (NOES)
Subject:  Exposure Assessment
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   The content of this information resource is the same as the NOHS
           data base described immediately below, except NOES covers the time
           frame 1981-1983 and NOHS covers 1970-1974.
Time Span:  1981-1983
Online Service:  David Sundin, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
                 Health, (513) 684-4491


NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD SURVEY (NOHS)
Subject:  Exposure Assessment
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   The content of this data base, available on printout, lists either
           industries or occupations for which the NOHS indicated a potential
           exposure to the listed agents.  The survey data were collected
           during the period 1972 to 1974 from a sample of 4,636 businesses
           employing nearly 900,000 workers.  Exposure estimates were derived
           based on observed uses of a specific agent, and observed uses of a
           product known or suspected to contain an agent.
Time Span:  1970-1974
Online Service:  David Sundin, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
                 Health, (513) 684-4491


NATIONAL PESTICIDE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (NPIRS)
Subject:  Pesticide Chemical and Registration Data
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains information that describes the key
           characteristics of pesticides.  Included are approximately 50,000
           products registered by the EPA as well as thousands of state
           registrations.  One valuable source of information about pesticides
           that is available on-line through NPIRS is the Pesticide Fact
           Sheets.  These fact sheets are prepared as new pesticides are first
           registered, or as registration standards or special reviews are
           completed for old pesticides.  Each fact sheet summarizes the
           following characteristics of a pesticide chemical:  chemical
           description and characteristics; use patterns and formulations;

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toxicological characteristics; physiological and behavioral characteristics;
environmental fate and effects; ground-water concerns; food residue
tolerances; reported incidents; EPA's regulatory position and supporting
rationale; and major gaps in the supporting data base.
Producer:  Purdue University
Time Span:  1982-present
Updating:  Weekly
Online Service:  Martin Marietta Data Systems


NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS)
Subject:  Science & Technology
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains over 1 million citations, most with abstracts, to
           unrestricted technical.reports from U.S. and non-U.S.
           government-sponsored research, development, and engineering
           analyses.  The unpublished U.S. reports are prepared by federal,
           state, and local agencies and their contractors or grantees.  Major
           areas covered include the biological, social, and physical sciences,
           mathematics, engineering, and business information.  Includes
           announcements of computer-readable software and data files, U.S.
           government-owned inventions, selected reprints, federally-sponsored
           translations, and some non-English-language reports.
Time Span:  1974-present
Updating:  About 5000 records a month
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); CISTI; DIALOG; Mead
                 Data Central; Systems Development Corporation  (SDC)
                 Information Services; TECH DATA (a special BRS) •


NEXIS
Subject:  Business News
Type:  Full Text
Content:   NEXIS is a full-text data base containing current business news
           from printed sources such as magazines (e.g., Business Week),
           newspapers (e.g., the New York Times and Washington Post),
           newsletters, and government documents.
Time Span:  Generally from 1975 to present, but this may vary for particular
publications
Updating:  Daily or weekly depending on the timing of different publications
Online Service:  Mead Data Central
NIOSHTIC
Subject:  Toxicology
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains more than 100,000 bibliographic citations and abstracts
           of occupational safety and health materials pertaining mainly to
           toxicology.  Input is gathered from U.S. and foreign literature,
           the personnel files of several distinguished people in the fields,
           and foreign trade.                                       ,-
Time Span:  1975-present
Updating:  About 500 to 1,000 records a month
Online Service:  National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

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Occupational Health Services Material Safety Data Sheet (OHS-MSDS)
Subject:  Chemical and Safety Information
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   This data base contains chemical and safety information required
           by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for more than
           75,000 substances.  Includes substance identification, physical
           data, fire and explosion data, toxicity and heath effects, and
           spill and leak procedures.
Online Service:  Occupational Health Services, Inc.
OSHA COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM (OCIS)
Subject:  Industrial Chemicals
Type:  Search System
Content:   The system contains 17 separate data bases covering a wide range
           of subjects.  Files include results of laboratory samples, hazardous
           waste site activities, and industrial activities.  Also included in
           the data bases are references, letters of correspondence between
           OSHA and industries, and records of industrial chemical
           activities.  Total references are approximately 275,000.
            1981-present
           Monthly
                 OSHA Analytical Laboratory
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
PASCAL
Subject:  Physical, Earth, and Life Sciences; Engineering Science
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:   PASCAL is a multidisciplinary data base containing over 5 million
           citations.  Subjects include physical science (e.g., atoms and
           molecules; general physical, analytical, inorganic, and organic
           chemistry), earth science (e.g., stratigraphy and hydrology), life
           sciences (e.g., human diseases, genetics, and animal biology), and
           engineering science (e.g., pollution, mechanical industries, and
           transportation).  PASCAL is a French database, but over 70 percent
           of the citations are in English.
Time Span:  1973-present
Updating:  Approximately 500,000 new citations each year.
Producer:  Centre de Documentation Scientifique et Technique
Online Service:  Questel, Inc.
POLLUTION ABSTRACTS
Subject:  Pollution Research, Sources, and Controls
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains citations, with abstracts, to the worldwide technical and
           non-technical literature on pollution research, sources, and
           controls.  Covers air, water, land, thermal, noise, and
           radiological pollution; pesticides; sewage and waste treatment;
           environmental action; and toxicity and health.
Time Span:  1970-present
Updating:  Most services, about 1500 records-every 2 months; BRS, monthly
Producer:  Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Online Service:  Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); DIALOG

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POPULATION INFORMATION ONLINE (POPLINE)
Subject:   Population/Demography
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:    Popline contains about 147,200 citations and abstracts to journal
           articles, monographs, and technical reports in the field of
           population, including basic research in demography.
Time Span:  1970-present
Updating:  Monthly
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine
PROFILE
Subject:   Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   .PROFILE was developed to provide a structured method for
           abstracting, storing, and retrieving toxicological data.  It
           contains chemicals found in the urban atmosphere, water, coal, and
           as environmental pollutants; including many organic compounds but
           less than ten inorganic compounds, pesticides, and metals.  PROFILE
           data records contain information on a total of about 300 chemicals.
Time Span:  1981-present
Updating:  Updated as results of new literature searches are completed.
Online Service:  Systems Application, Inc.


REGISTRY NOMENCLATURE AND STRUCTURE SERVICE (RNSS)
Subject:   Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)-
Content:    Contains data that are based on the Chemical Abstracts Service
           (CAS) Registry Nomenclature and Structure Service, an authority
           file of names and structural data that have been registered by
           CAS.  The coverage and size of the data bases on each online
           service are somewhat different, but entries have in common the
           following data items:  full nomenclature and synonyms; substructure
           search via nomenclature; preferred, alternate, replaced, and
           replacing Registry Numbers; molecular formula; and ring system
           information.  The data bases available through RNSS include:
                CHEMDEX.  Covers all substances cited in Chemical Abstracts,
                1972 to date.
                CHEMLINE.   Covers substances appearing with a CAS Registry
                Number in any National Library of Medicine data base or in the
                Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory of the U.S.
                Environmental Protection Agency.  Each entry contains the
                information listed above, as well as locators pointing to the
                data bases in which the substance is referenced.
                CHEMNAME.   Covers substances that have been cited 2 or more
                times in Chemical Abstracts, from 1967 to date.  Additional
                search terms generated by DIALOG specifically for CHEMNAME are
                also included.
                CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE.  Covers all substances cited in-
                Chemical Abstracts from 1967 to date.

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                REGISTRY FILE.  Covers all substances registered by CAS since
                1965.  Structure searching is conducted either by selecting
                structure fragments from a menu, using a graphics tablet and
                stylus, or typing commands on the keyboard.  Retrieved
                Registry Numbers can then be transferred to the CA FILE for
                retrieving bibliographic information.
Time Span:  DIALOG, NLM, STN International, 1965 to date; DATA-STAR,
            1967-present; SDC, 1972-present
Updating:  Varies by online service, from quarterly to less frequently
Producer:  Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
Online Service:  DIALOG; National Library of Medicine; SDC Information
                 Services; STN International (under the name REGISTRY FILE)


REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES (RTECS)
Sub j e'ct:   Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    Contains over 110,000 unevaluated toxicological measurements
           pertaining to approximately 73,000 chemicals.  Each entry contains
           the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) name and registry number,
           synonyms, molecular formula, and one or more measures of toxicity,
           including acute and chronic in vivo data, in vitro mutagenesis
           data, and skin and eye irritation data.
Updating:  Quarterly
Producer:  U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institute for
           Occupational Safety and Health
Online Service:  Chemical Information System, Inc., (CIS)


SOILS INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS (SIRS)
Subject:   Soil Characteristics
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic); Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    Contains 20,000 records compiled from the Soil Conservation
           Service's reports on the characteristics and interpretive properties
           of all soils in the United States.  Examples of soil information
           include use restrictions, potential habitat, description of soil
           and much more.  Information is organized only by soil series.
Updating:  About 4000 revisions a month
Online Service:  ETIS
STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE SEARCH SYSTEM (SANSS)
Subject:  Chemical Properties
Type:  Indexing System
Content:   SANSS is a component of the NIH/EPA Chemical Information System
           (CIS), and serves as an index to most of the other CIS components
           as well to over 100 other important sources of information on
           environmentally significant chemicals.  These sources include EPA
           reports, state documents, and international lists.  Included for
           each chemical are names, synonyms, molecular formulas, and
           structural images.
Online Service:  Chemical Information System (CIS), Information Sciences
                 Corporation

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                                   3-36
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
Subject:  Toxicology
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:   Contains data on more than 4100 substances that are of known or
           potential toxicity and to which substantial populations are
           exposed.  Approximately 96 data elements are grouped into several
           classes of information, including:
           Substance Identification Information.  Includes Chemical Abstracts
           Service name and Registry Number, synonyms, and molecular formula.
           Manufacturing/Use Information.  Includes probable method of
           manufacture, manufacturers, major uses, and production data.
           Chemical and Physical Properties.  Includes boiling point, melting
           point, and solubility.
           Toxicity/Biomedical Effects.  Includes human and non-human
           toxicity, minimum fatal dose, antidote and emergency treatment, and
           pharma.cokinetics.
           Environmental Fate/Exposure Potential Information.  Includes
           average daily intake, probable routes of human exposure, and body
           burden.
           Monitoring and Analysis Methods.  Includes sampling procedures,
           analytic procedures, and clinical laboratory methods.
           Additional references.  Includes special reports and test status.
           Information has been extracted from the published literature and
           reviewed by subject specialists before being entered into the
           database.  The sources used are listed in the record so that users
           can obtain more detailed information from these original sources.
Updating:   About 200 new and revised records a quarter
Producer:   National Library of Medicine
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine


TOXLINE
Subject:  Biomedicine; Pesticides; Toxicology
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains citations, with abstracts, to the literature in all areas
           of toxicology, including chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, pesticides,
           environmental pollutants, and mutagens and teratology.  Comprises
           discrete files:
           ABSTRACTS ON HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS (HEEP).
           Contains records from the BIOSIS PREVIEWS database.  Covers effects
           of environmental chemicals or substances, other than medicinals, on
           human health.
           CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES (CBAC).  Contains records from
           Chemical Abstracts that cover interactions of chemical substances
           with biological systems in vivo and in vitro.  All records contain
           CAS registry numbers.
           HAYES FILE ON PESTICIDES.  Contains citations to published
           articles on health aspects of pesticides.  Is essentially a
           backfile for Pesticides Abstracts (see below).  Does not include
           abstracts (1940-1968).
           HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TECHNICAL CENTER BULLETIN (HMTC).  Contains
           citations to published literature on the management of hazardous
           materials, including disposal, storage, and transportation.

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           PESTICIDES ABSTRACTS.  Corresponds to a publication, formerly
           known as Health Aspects of Pesticide Abstract Bulletin (HAPAB),
           prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency.  Covers published
           reports on the epidemiological effects of pesticides on humans, from
           more than 1000 journals published in the U.S. and other countries.
           TOXIC MATERIALS INFORMATION CENTER FILE (TMIC).   Contains
           citations and abstracts on toxic materials prepared by the TMIC.
           Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1940 to 1973).
           TOXICITY BIBLIOGRAPHY.  Is a subset of the MEDLINE database.
           Covers adverse effects, toxicity, or poisoning caused by drugs and
           chemicals, as well as disease conditions induced by chemical
           substances.  All records contain Chemical Abstracts Service
           Registry Numbers (1965 to date).
           TOXICOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH PROJECTS (RPROJ).   Contains
           descriptions of research projects supported by research grants and
           contracts programs of the Public Health Service, or conducted
           intramurally by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and
           the National Institute of Mental Health in the areas of toxicology
           and epidemiology.
           TOXICOLOGY DOCUMENT AND DATA DEPOSITORY (TD3).  Contains citations
           to the report literature dealing with toxicology and related
           subjects.  Information is obtained from the NTIS database (1979 to
           date).
Time Span:  Varies by file
Updating:  About 12,000 records a month
Producer:  National Library of Medicine
Online Service:  National Library of Medicine
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
Subject:   Waste Management; Resource Recovery
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:    Contains citations, with abstracts, to the worldwide literature
           covering solid, liquid, hazardous, and nuclear waste management;
           water quality; toxic substances; land reclamation; and resources
           recovery.  Emphasis in these areas is on air pollution, agricultural
           engineering, civil engineering, food science, geology, and nuclear
           science.  Sources include government reports, journal articles,
           monographs, proceedings, news items, patents, and other databases.
Time Span:  March 1971-present
Updating:  Every 2 weeks, about 30,000 records a year
Online Service:  International Research & Evaluation
WATER DATA SOURCES DIRECTORY (WDSD)
Subject:  Aquatic Sciences
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains information on over 700 organizations that are water data
           users and collectors.  Organizations include consultants,
           businesses, universities and governmental agencies.  Data includes
           background information on each listing, and the name, address and
           phone number of a contact person in each organization.  WDSD can be
           searched by geographical area, agency code, or multistate
           organizations.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   3-38
Updating:  Continuously
Producer:  U.S. Geological Survey
           NAWDEX Program Office
WATER DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (WATSTORE)
Subject:   Aquatic Sciences and Water Resources
Type:  Non-Bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content:    This database stores the hydrologic data collected by the U.S.
           Geological Survey at more than 70,000 water sites nationwide.
           system consists of several files.  The Station Header File
Updating:
Producer:
                                                               The
contains identification, location and physical descriptions of
sites for which data is stored.  The Daily Values Files contains
river stages, streamflow values, water temperatures, specific
conductance values, sediment concentrations and discharges, and
other parameters that are measured on a daily schedule.  The Peak
Flow File contains peak streamflow and stage values for surface
water sites.  The Unit Values File contains stream discharge
values, temperatures, and other parameters that are measured on a
schedule more frequently than .daily.  The Water-Quantity File
contains results of chemical, physical, biological and
radiochemical analyses for both.surface and ground waters.  The
Ground-Water Site Inventory File contains inventory information
such as site location and identification data, we11-construction
data, geohydrologic characteristics, -and other data pertinent to
wells, springs, and other sources of ground water.
Frequently
U.S. Geological Survey
Water Data Exchange Office
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
Subject:  Aquatic Sciences; Water Resources
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains about 180,000 citations, with abstracts, to scientific
           and technical literature on the water-resource-related aspects of
           the physical, social, and life sciences.  Also covers related
           engineering and legal aspects of the characteristics, conservation,
           control, use, and management of water resources.  Topics covered
           include the nature of water and water cycles; water quality
           management and protection; and water resources planning.
Time Span:  1968 to date
Updating:  About 500 records a month
Producer:  U.S. Geological Survey
Online Service:  DIALOG; U.S. Department of Energy (RECON)
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTERS (WRSIC)
Subject:  Aquatic Sciences
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains 140,000 abstracts, indexes and citations to materials in
           the following fields:  nature of water; resources data; water
           cycles; engineering works; water supply augmentation and

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   3-39
           conservation; water quality management, control and protection;
           manpower, grants and facilities; and scientific and technical
           information.  WRSIC also maintains a data base of information about
           current water resources projects.
Time Span:  1968-present
Updating:  About 10,000 records a month
Online Service:  DOE (RECON); DIALOG (File 17)
WATERLINE
Subject:  Ground-Water Quality and Quantity
Type:  Full Text
Content:   Provides access to a wide variety of information on the quality
           and quantity of U.S. ground-water resources.  Includes full text of
           relevant state and federal regulations covering ground-water
           leasing and public information brochures on ground water.
Updating:  Irregularly
Producer:  National Water Well Association
Online Service:  CompuServe Consumer Information Service
WATERNET
Subject:  Water Quality
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains citations, with abstracts, to literature on water
           quality, analytical procedures for water quality testing, water
           system materials, and environmental issues related to water.
           Includes these specific topics:  the drinking water industry, water
           pollution, health effects, toxicology.  Items are selected from
           books, conference proceedings, journals, newsletters, standards,
           handbooks, water quality standard test methods.
Time Span:  1971-present
Updating:  Quarterly; about 5000 records a year
Producer:  American Water Works Association
Online Service:  DIALOG
WETLAND VALUES BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE
Subject:  Aquatic Sciences; Wetlands
Type:  Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:   Contains approximately 4000 citations, with abstracts, to
           literature on functions and values of wetlands in the U.S.  Covers
           food chain, habitat, human use, hydrologic and water quality
           values, as well as wetland value assessment techniques, and related
           bibliographies.
Time Span:  1950-present
Updating:  Monthly
Producer:  U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, U.S. Dept. of the Interior
Online Service:  U.S. Department of Energy

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                                   3-40
3.3.  ADDRESSES OF ONLINE SERVICES AND PRODUCERS

     This section contains an alphabetical listing of online services  and  the
producers of the data bases described above.

American Water Work Association
Technical Library
6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver,  Colorado  80235
Telephone:  (303) 794-7711
Telex:  45-0895

American Chemical Society
1155 16th Street, N.W.,  Washington,  D.C.   20036
Telephone:  (202) 872-8066; (800) 424-6767
Telex:  440159 ACSPUI

Bibliographic Retrieval  System (BRS)
1200 Route 7, Latham, New York  12110
Telephone:  (518) 783-1161; (800) 227-5277;  (800)  553-5566  (N.Y.  only)
TWX:  (710) 444-4965

Bureau of Law and Business, Inc.
64 Wall Street, Madison, Connecticut  06443
Telephone:  (203) 245-7448

The Bureau of National Affairs,  Inc.
Data Base Publishing Unit
1231 25th Street, NW
Washington, DC  20037
Telephone:  (202) 452-4132; (800) 862-4636
Telex:  892692

Business Publishers, Inc.
951 Pershing Drive
Silver Spring, MD  20910
Telephone:  (301) 587-6300

Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
5161 River Road
Bethesda, MD  20816
Telephone:  (301) 951-1400; (800) 638-8076
Telex:  898452 DISCING BHDA

Chemical Abstracts Service
2540 Olentangy River Road
P.O. Box 3012
Columbus, OH  43210
Telephone:  (614) 421-3600; (800) 848-6533
Telex:  6842086 CHMAB
TWX:  (810) 482-1608

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
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Chemical Information System, Inc.
Computer Sciences Corporation
P.O. Box 2227
6565 Arlington Blvd.
Falls Church, VA  22046
Telephone:  (703) 237-2000

ChemShare Corporation
P.O. Box 1885
Houston, TX  77001
Telephone:  (713) 627-8945

CISTI
Client Services CAN/OLE and CAN/SDI
National Research Council Canada
Ottawa, Ontario K1A OS2
Canada
Telephone:  (613) 993-1210
Telex:  0533115

CompuServe Consumer Information Service
5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.
Columbus, OH  43220
Telephone:  (614) 457-8600; (800) 848-8990
Control Data Corporation
P.O. Box 0
Minneapolis, MN  55440
Telephone:  (612) 853-8100;
(800)  328-1870
DIALOG Information Services, Inc.
3460 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto, CA  94304
Telephone:  (415) 858-3785; (800) 334-2564
Telex:  334499 DIALOG
TWX:  (910) 339-9221
ElC/Intelligence Inc.
48 West 38th Street
New York, NY  10018
Telephone:  (212) 944-8500;
Telex:  668298
(800)  223-6275
Environmental Quality
Instructional Resources Center
The Ohio State University
1200 Chambers Road, Room 310
Columbus, OH  43212
Telephone:  (614) 422-6717

Environmental Studies Institute
2074 Alameda Padre Serra
Santa Barbara, CA  93103
Telephone:  (805) 965-5010

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                                   3-42
Executive Information Service
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
P.O. Box 437
One Wiley Drive
Somerset, NJ  08873
Telephone:  (212) 850-6360

Executive Telecom System, Inc.
9585 Valparaiso Court
Indianapolis, IN  46268
Telephone:  (317) 872-2045; (800) 421-8884

General Electric Information Services Company
401 North Washington Street
Rockville, MD  20850
Telephone:  (301) 340-4000
Telex:  898431

Hydrocomp, Inc.
201 San Antonio Circle
Mountain View, CA  94040
Telephone:  (415) 948-3919
Telex:  348357

Information Consultants, Inc.
1133 15th Street, N.W.
Suite 300
Washington, D.C.  20005
Telephone:  (202) 822-5200

Information Sciences Corporation
2135 Wisconsin Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C.  20007
Telephone:  (202) 298-6200

International Research and Evaluation
21098 IRE Control Center
Eagan, MN  55121
Telephone:  (612) 888-9635
Telex:  29-1008

Martin Marietta Data Systems
6303 Ivy Lane
Greenbelt, MD  20770
Telephone:  (301) 982-6500

Mead Data Central
P.O. Box 933
Dayton, OH  45401
Telephone:  (513) 859-1611; (800) 227-4908

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Toxicology Research and Testing Service
MD 18-01, P.O. Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
Telephone:  (919) 541-3418

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, Ohio  45226
Telephone:  (513) 684-4491

National Library of Medicine
Toxicology Information Program
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD  20209
Telephone:  (301) 496-6193

National Technical Information Service
Database Services Division
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA  22161
Telephone:  (703) 487-4807
Telex:  899405

National Water Well Association
500 West Wilson Bridge Road
Worthington, OH  43085
Telephone:  (614) 761-1711

NewsNet, Inc.
945. Haverford Road
Bryn Mawr, PA  19010
Telephone:  (215) 527-8030; (800) 345-1301

Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Environmental Mutagen Information Center
Building 9224
P.O. Box Y
Oak Ridge, TN  37831
Telephone:  (615) 574-7871

Occupational Health Services, Inc.
400 Plaza Drive
P.O. Box 1505
Secaucus, NJ  07094
Telephone:  (201) 865-7500; (800) 223-8978
Telex:  4754124

OSHA Analytical Laboratory
P.O. Box 15200
1781 S. 300 West
Salt Lake City, UT  84115
Telephone:  FTS-588-4270; (801) 524-4270

Pomona College Medicinal Chemistry Project
Seaver Chemistry Laboratory
Claremont, CA  91711
Telephone:  (714) 621-8000

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                                   3-44
Questel, Inc.
1625 Eye Street, N.W.
Suite 719
Washington, B.C.  20006
Telephone:  (202) 296-1604; (800) 424-9600

Science Applications International Corporation
Health and Environmental Information
300 South Tulare Avenue
Oak Ridge, TN  37830
Telephone:  (615) 576-6024

Systems Development Corporation (SPG) Information Services
2500 Colorado Avenue
Santa Monica, CA  90406
Telephone:  (213) 453-6194; (800) 421-7229; (800) 352-6689 (in CA)
Telex:  652358
TWX:  (910) 343-6643

Sigma Data Services Corp.
5515 Security Lane
Rockville, MD  20852
Telephone:  (301) 231-0644
Telex:  898435

State of Michigan
Department of Natural Resources.
Office of Materials Control
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI  48909
Telephone:  (517) 373-2190

STN International
c/o Chemical Abstracts Service
2540 Olentangy River Road
P.O. Box 3012
Columbus, OH  43210
Telephone:  (614) 421-3600; (800) 848-6533
Telex:  6842086 CHMAB
TWX:  (810) 482-1608

Syracuse Research Corporation
Merrill Lane
Syracuse, NY  13210
Telephone:  (315) 425-5100

Technical Database Services, Inc.
10 Columbus Circle, Suite 2300
New York, NY  10019
Telephone:  (212) 245-0044
Telex:  238790 NYK

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                                   3-45
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Stations
Environmental Lab
P.O. Box 631
Vicksburg, MS  39180
Telephone:  (601) 634-3774

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
National Agriculture Library
Information Systems Division
Room 203
Beltsville, MD  20705
Telephone:  (301) 344-3813
TWX:  (710) 828-0506 USDA NAL

U.S. Dept. of Energy
Office of Scientific and.Technical Information
P.O. Box 62
Oak Ridge, TN  37831

U.S. Dept. of Energy
RECON
P.O. Box 62
Oak Ridge, TN  37830
Telephone:  (615) 576-1303

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH  45226
Telephone:  (513) 684-8317

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Office of Analysis and Epidemiology
300 East-West Highway, RM 27
Hyattsville, MD  20782
Telephone:  (301) 436-7035

U.S. Dept. of the Interior
Geological Survey
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
425 National Center
Reston, VA  22902
Telephone:  (703) 860-7455

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CIS Project
PM-218
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC  20460

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                                   3-46
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Library MD-35
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
Telephone:  (919) 541-2777

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Response Division
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC  20460
Telephone:  (202) 382-7933; (800) 368-3432
                                i
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency .
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Chemical Information Branch
401 M Street, SW, MS-TS793
Washington, DC  20460
Telephone:  (202) 382-3524; (800) 424-9065
Telex:  892758

U.S. Food and Drug Administration
200 C Street, SW
Washington, DC  20204

U.S. Geological Survey
NAWDEX Program Office and
Water Data Exchange Office
421 National Center
Reston, VA  22092
Telephone:  (703) 648-5677

U.S. National Institutes of Health
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD  20205
Telephone:  (301) 496-4235


3.4  ACCESS TO DATA BASES  THROUGH  EPA LIBRARIES

     Several of the data bases cited in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 may be accessed
through the EPA Library System,  which consists of a total of 28 different
libraries located at EPA Headquarters, Regional Offices, and Laboratories.
Upon request from EPA employees, the libraries can perform searches of those
data bases for which they have access at no cost to. the employee.  This
section lists which data bases may be searched through each of the EPA
libraries.*-1  Information in this section is based on results of a survey
completed in October, 1985 by EPA's Information Management and Services
Division, Information Services Branch.
     hj Although there are certain EPA data bases that may be accessed
through EPA libraries (e.g., GEMS and PDMS), the libraries primarily provide
access to non-EPA data bases.  In general, it is necessary to contact the
office responsible for a particular data base in order to make arrangements
for accessing EPA data bases.

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                                   3-47
     Some of the data bases listed below are individual data bases (e.g.,
HAZARDLINE) and additional information on each of these is presented in
Sections 3.1 or 3.2 under the respective data base names.  Other data bases
listed below are actually the names of collections of data bases available
through non-EPA online services (e.g., DIALOG and BRS data bases).  An
exhaustive list of all the individual data bases making up these various data
'base collections is not provided in this directory.  However, Section 3.2 does
provide additional information on some of these individual data bases, which
are identified in Section 3.2 as being available through the particular online
service of interest.

Athens Environmental Research Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
Address:  College Station Road
          Athens, GA  30613
          (FTS) 8-250-3324

Central Regional Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NGWIC
Address:  839 Bestgate Road
          Annapolis, MD  21401
        '  (FTS) 8-922-3752

Cincinnati Environmental Research Center Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CAS ONLINE
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NGWIC
Address:  26 West St. Clair Street
          Cincinnati, OH  45268
          (FTS) 8-684-7701
Note:  The Las Vegas Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Library
       conducts data base searches through the Cincinnati Library.

Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           U.S. DOE (RECON)
Address:  200 SW 35th Street
          Corvallis, OR  97330
          (FTS) 8-420-4731

Duluth Environmental Research Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
Address:  6201 Congdon Boulevard
          Duluth, MN  55804
          (FTS) 8-783-9538

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                                   3-48
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NGWIC
Address:  Sabine Island
          Gulf Breeze, FL  32561
          (FTS) 8-686-9011

Headquarters Law Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NEXIS
         1  NGWIC
Address:  401 M St. SW, Room 2902
          Washington, DC  20460
          (FTS) 8-382-5919

Headquarters Main Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NEXIS/LEXIS
           NGWIC
           News Net, Inc.  Data Bases
Address:  401 M St. SW, Room M2904
          Washington, DC  20460
          (FTS) 8-382-5922

Headquarters Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Library
     EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           GEMS
           PDMS
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NGWIC
           NEXIS
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NPIRS
           OHS-MSDS
           Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
Address:  401 M St. SW, Room E447
          Washington, DC  20460
          (FTS) 8-382-3568

Narragansett Environmental Research Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NGWIC
Address:  South Ferry Road
          Narragansett, RI  02882
          (FTS) 8-838-5087; Ext. 265 or 268

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                                   3-49
National Enforcement Investigation Center Library
     EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           OHM-TADS
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           News Net, Inc.  Data Bases
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
Address:  Building 53, Box 25227
          Denver Federal Center
          Denver, CO  80225
          (FTS) 8-234-5765

Region 1 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
Address: -JFK Federal Building, Room 2100-B
          Boston, MA  02203
          (FTS) 8-223-5791

Region 2 Field Office Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
Address:  Edison, NJ  08813
          (FTS) 8-340-6762

Region 2 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
Address:  26 Federal Plaza
          New York, NY  10278
          (FTS) 8-264-2881

Region 3 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NGWIC
           OHS-MSDS

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                                   3-50
Address:   Curtis Building, 3PM24
          6th and Walnut Streets
          Philadelphia, PA  19106
          (FTS) 8-597-0580

Region 4 Library
     EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           GEMS
           PDMS
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NGWIC
           NEXIS
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NPIRS
           OHS-MSDS
           Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
Address:   345 Courtland Street NE
          Atlanta, GA  30365
          (FTS) 8-257-4216

Region 5 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
           Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
Address:   230 South Dearborn St., Room 1420
          Chicago, IL  60604
          (FTS) 8-353-2022

Region 6 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NGWIC
Address:   1201 Elm Street
          First International Building
          Dallas, TX  75270
          (FTS) 8-729-7341

Region 7 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
Address:   324 East llth Street
          Kansas City, MO  64106
          (FTS) 8-758-3497

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                                   3-51
Region 8 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc.  Data Bases
           NGWIC
Address:  1860 Lincoln Street
          Denver, CO  80295
          (FTS) 8-327-2560
Region 9 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services,
           NGWIC              '
           OHS-MSDS
Address:  215 Fremont Street
          San Francisco, CA  94105
          (FTS) 8-454-8255
               2):
                Inc.  Data Bases
Region 10 Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases
(see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
           NEXIS
           NLM
Address:   Region 10 Information Center, M/S 541
          1200 Sixth Ave.
          Seattle, WA  98101
          (FTS) 8-399-1289

Research Triangle Park Library
     EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           OHM-TADS
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
Address:   Library Services, MD-35
          Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
          (FTS) 8-629-2777
Note:  There are two other libraries at the Research Triangle Park Facility:
       the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Library and the
       Meteorology Division Library.  Neither of these two libraries have
       online access to data bases.

Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Library
     Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           NGWIC
Address:   P.O. Box 1198
          Ada, OK  74820
          (FTS) 8-743-2241

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Data Files
and Tapes

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                                                      OSWER Directive  9285.6-1

                                   4-1
                                CHAPTER 4

                          DATA  FILES AND TAPES
     This chapter contains brief descriptions of the data files  and tapes
cited in Chapter 2.   For the purposes of this directory,  a collection of
information is designated a data file rather than a data  base if:   (1) the
data are stored in a manual file and not retrievable through a computerized
system; (2) the information it contains is the result of  a distinct,  one-time
data-collection effort (e.g., environmental radiation data collected following
the accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor); or (3) the data
contained are no longer being actively updated.   A data tape is  considered  a
set of data stored on magnetic tape which is not accessible through any online
service.

     The chapter is organized with EPA data files and tapes presented in
Section 4.1, and data files and tapes available through other organizations
presented in Section 4.2  The citation for each data file and tape includes a
brief description of the file/tape content, format, and availability.   A point
of contact for additional information (EPA Office, other  government agency,
responsible person's name, or commercial information service) is also provided
for each data file and tape.  Section 4.3 provides the addresses of all
contacts mentioned in the included descriptions.


4.1  EPA DATA  FILES AND TAPES

CANAL
  -  see LOVE CANAL AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
Subject:  Body-Burden Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:  This comprehensive data source includes information on chemicals
          that have been identified in human tissues and bodily fluids and
          wild animal populations.  This continuing acquisition is intended to
          facilitate a more relevant assessment of human exposure to
          xenobiotics by providing a centralized source of body-burden data.
          The data base is published on an annual basis in tabular format with
          indices and chemical listings that allow for specific searching.
          The 1984 version contains 1,900 citations covering 1,600 chemicals
          in human populations and 5,800 chemicals in animals.
Contact:  Cindy Stroup, FTS 8-382-3891
          Exposure Evaluation Division


COMMUNITY HEALTH AIR MONITORING PROGRAM (CHAMP)
Subject:  Ambient Air Monitoring Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   4-2
Content:  CHAMP contains ambient air monitoring results, in terms of five
          minute values and hourly averages with peak five minute values, for
          16 parameters.  The data were collected to support epidemiological
          studies in approximately 21 cities.
Contact:  Jose Sune, FTS 8-629-3127
          Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS DATA
Subject:  Experimental data on compounds
Type;  Non-bibliographic
Content:  This data file contains experimental results obtained by the Fish
          and Wildlife Service Lab in Denver, Colorado under the Sponsorship
          of OTS.  Included are approximately 5,000 experimental results on
          1,850 compounds.
Contact':  Charles Aver, FTS 8-382-3464
          Health and Environmental Review Division
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL DATA ON ETHOXYLATED SURFACTANTS (ETHOX)
Subject:   Acute and Chronic Toxicity
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This manual data base contains acute and chronic toxicity data for
          ethoxylated surfactants.   The data are sorted according to chemical
          structure features of the various chemicals including number of
          carbons, number of Ethoxylate units, and terminal functional group.
          Most of the data are on acute toxicity for aquatic species, although
          there are some data on chronic toxicity for terrestrial species
          (e.g., crabs).  Approximately 400 records are included in the data
          base, most of which are unpublished data supplied by the Shell Oil
          Company.
Contact:   Richard G. Clements, FTS 8-382-4270
          Office of Toxic Substances
EPA BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA FILE
Content:   The data file contains citations, with abstracts, for all U.S.
          Environmental Protection Agency and its predecessor agencies'
          reports entered into the NTIS collection.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in COSATI character
               set.  Character set restricts preparation to 9 track one-half
               inch tape only.
Contact:   NTIS
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES (EPID)
Subject:  Exposure Assessment
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:  The EPID system contains data extracted from questionnaire
          responses from population surveys of health status.  These data are
          concerned with acute respiratory disease incidence, asthma--attack
          frequency, and' physiologic monitoring results.  General

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   4-3
          environmental data are also contained in the system including
          demographic information, socio-economic characteristics, and ambient
          air quality data.
Contact:   William Nelson, FTS 8-629-2330
          Office of Health Research
FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
Subject:  Exposure Assessment
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:  This source of information is a hardcopy file of all exposure
          assessments done by the Office of Toxic Substances, Chemical
          Engineering Branch, of Chemicals being considered for regulatory
          action under TSCA sections 4 and 6.  The file consists of internal
          reports and contractor studies.  Reports generally cover workplace
          exposure and/or estimates of releases to the environment from
          industrial/commercial facilities.  The file covers about 40
          chemicals/classes.
Contact:  R. Craig Matthiessen, FTS 8-382-3694
          Office of Toxic Substances
GASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
Subject:  Gastro-Intestinal Effects
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:  OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) has developed
          a compilation of reports of gastro-intestinal effects of chemicals
          extracted from the open literature.  This data file consists of
          6,000 records covering approximately 2,000 chemicals.
Holder:  Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
Responsible Person:  David Gould  .
FTS Phone:  8-382-3399
ITS CHEMICAL SCORES
Subject:  Biological Effects of Chemicals
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:  An Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) has used a scoring system
          since 1977 to aid in the selection of chemicals to be recommended
          for testing.  The scoring system is used to rank chemicals on the
          basis of their exposure and biological effects potential.  Such a
          system ranks the chemicals and allows those of highest priority to
          be selected for detailed review and consideration by the Committee.
          To date there have been three rounds of scoring covering thousands
          of chemicals.
Contact:  Robert Brink
          Office of Toxic Substances, FTS 8-382-3820
LOVE CANAL AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM (CANAL)
Subject:  Environmental Monitoring Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   4-4
Content:  This data base contains all of the data collected in the course of
          intensive monitoring done in the fall of 1980 in the Love Canal, New
          York area.
Contact:  Steve Bromberg, FTS 8-629-2919
          Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance


NATIONAL HUMAN MILK MONITORING PROGRAM (NHMP)
Subject:  Milk Sampling Data
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:  This data base contains concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbon
          insecticides and PCB residues found in human milk samples provided
          by about 3,000 volunteers randomly selected from the entire
          continental U.S.
Contact:  Jerome Blondell, FTS 8-557-0320
          Office of Pesticide Programs
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (OHM-SIRS)
Content:   Included are 10,600 records of data on such items as:  names of
          materials spilled; location and date of spill occurrence; quantity
          spilled and quantity entering water; source of spill; cause of
          spill; damages caused by spill; actions taken and by whom; and,
          comments for the period July 1, 1972 to December 31, 1974.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T01, 1 reel mag tape.  Available only in 9 track,
               1600 bpi, odd parity, EBCDIC.
Contact:   NTIS
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
Subject:  Chemical Health Risks
Type:  Manual File of Chemical Information
Content:  This source contains notifications required of manufacturers who
          receive or possess information which reasonably supports a
          conclusion that a chemical presents a substantial risk.  As of
          January 1986, OTS had received 580 notifications.  In addition, OTS
          has received 470 other notifications, on a For Your Information
          (FYI) basis, that did not specifically cite Section 8(e).
          Currently, about 40-50 section 8(e) notifications are received a
          year.
Contact:  David Williams, FTS 8-382-3468
          Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
RESOURCE CONSERVATION RECOVERY ACT NOTIFICATION DATA FILE
Content:   This file contains data compiled for the Resource Conservation
          Recovery Act.  EPA Form 8700-12, Notification of Hazardous Waste
          Activity, was used to collect the data.  The file was updated with
          information compiled from Applications for Hazardous Waste Permits,
          EPA Form 3510-3.  The data includes names and addresses of facility
          owners and operators, as well as facility contacts' names and phone
          numbers.  The data indicates whether a facility is a generator,

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   4-5
          treatment, storage or disposal facility, and/or transporter of
          hazardous waste.  Code numbers of waste handled, taken from 40 CFR
          Part 261, are also listed.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in the EBCDIC
               character set.  Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9
               track recording modes for one-half inch tape.
Contact:  NTIS
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF AEROMETRIC DATA (SAROAD).
National Air Data Branch
Content:  SAROAD is a storage and retrieval system for air quality data.
          Data are reported to EPA by the states from about 4,000 reporting
          facilities nationally.  Criteria pollutants are well covered, though
          not all pollutants are monitored at all sites.
Contact:  Jake Summers, National Air Data Branch, U.S. EPA
SURVEY METER AND HISTORICAL DOSIMETRY DATA BASE (SM/HD)
Subject:   Gamma Radiation Measurements
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:   This data base contains gamma radiation measurements taken in the
          1950's and 1960's as part of a surveillance of the Nevada Nuclear
          Weapons Test Site.  Geographic areas included in the surveillance
          include Nevada, Utah, Arizonia, Idaho, and California.
Contact:   Gilbert Potter, FTS 8-545-2321
          Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
THREE MILE ISLAND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION (TMI RAD)
Subject:  Environmental Radiation Measurements
Type:  Non-bibliographic
Content:  This data file contains environmental radiation data collected
          following the March 28, 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island
          Nuclear Reactor in Pennsylvania.  Data from EPA, the Public Health
          Service, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of
          Energy, the State, and the utility itself are included.
Contact:  William Kirk, FTS 8-590-4866
          Office of Radiation Programs


TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY:  INITIAL
INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO, PLANT SITE INFORMATION FILE
Content:  The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory:  Initial Inventory and
          Cumulative Supplement Two, Plant Site Information File lists names
          and addresses for more than 6000 processors and manufactures of
          chemicals.  This file, with the Production Information File along
          with the TSCA Preferred Name file and Synonym file, provides the
          complete Toxic Substances Control Act.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in EBCDIC character
               set.  Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track
               recording modes for one-half inch tape.
Contact:  NTIS

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                                   4-6
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY:  INITIAL
INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PRODUCTION INFORMATION FILE
Content:  The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory:  Initial Inventory and
          Cumulative Supplement Two, Production Information File contains
          production information for more than 50,000 chemicals.  This file
          includes Manufacturing Identification Numbers (MID) but not
          manufacturer names and locations.  The TSCA Chemical Substances
          Inventory Initial Inventory Cumulative Supplement Two, Plant Site
          Information File tape must be used to find this information.  The
          MID links the production figure to the plant sites.  See also TSCA
          Chemical Substances Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
          Preferred Name File and Synonym File to obtain the complete
          inventory.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in EBCDIC character
               set.  Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track
               recording modes for one-half inch tape.
Contact:  NTIS
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY:  INITIAL
INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO, PREFERRED NAME FILE AND SYNONYM FILE
Content:  The Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substances Inventory:
          Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two, Preferred Name File
          and Synonym File lists names for more than 50,000 chemicals
          substances.  File 1 includes:  TSCA CAS Registry Numbers (a listing
          of chemical names by CAS Registry No.), and File 2 includes:  TSCA
          Synonyms (an alphabetical listing of synonyms).  See also the TSCA
          Chemical Substances Inventory.  Initial Inventory and Cumulative
          Supplement Two - Plant site Information File and Production
          Information file to obtain the complete inventory.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in EBCDIC character
               set.  Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track
               recording modes for one-half inch tape.
Contact:  NTIS

TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) NEW CHEMICALS
Content:  This source contains information collected on chemicals proposed
          for manufacture which are not included on the July 1979 inventory of
          existing chemicals.  Producers of such new chemicals are required to
          notify OTS at least 90 days prior to manufacture, providing
          information about the chemical, its intended production and use, and
          any available health and safety information (Section 5 of TSCA).
          Those manufacturers seeking an exemption from premanufacture review
          for test marketing purposes can apply for such exemption 45 days in
          advance of test marketing.  Exemptions from the full 90-day review
          have recently been established for certain polymers and low volume
          chemicals.  As of March 28, 1986, OTS had received 6,721
          Premanufacturing Notification (PMN) submissions, 379 test marketing
          exemption (TME) requests, and 243 low volume and polymer exemption
          applications.  Currently about 1,600 PMN, 60 TME, and 475 low volume
          and polymer exemption requests are received each year.
Contact:  Wendy Cleland-Hamnett, FTS 8-382-3725
          Chemical Control Division

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   4-7
TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Subject:  Chemical Data
Type:  Bibliographic
Content:  The Test Rules and Development Branch within OTS maintains complete
          bibliographies on all TSCA Section 4 chemicals.   Section 4
          authorizes EPA to require the development of any needed new test
          data on chemicals that may pose an unreasonable  risk or ones that
          have high exposure or high release.   To date, OTS has received 620
          studies on 58 different Section 4 chemicals, and many more tests are
          underway.
Contact:  Harriet Corbet
           Office of Toxic Substances, FTS 8-382-8140
WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
Type:  Non-Bibliographic
Content:   This collection of more than 3,000 records includes published
          values on water solubility data,  intended to provide rapid access to
          such information for assessment purposes.
Contact:   Robert Lipnick, FTS 8-382-4274
          Health and Environmental Review Division
4.2  NON-EPA DATA  FILES AND TAPES

ANNUAL OBSERVATION WELL FILE (AOWF)
Content:    Historical file of groundwater level measurements and producing
           formations for all declared groundwater basins in New Mexico.
Contact:    James Hudson, U.S. Geological Survey, (505) 766-2011
AUTOMATIC DIGITAL RECORDER TAPES (ADR)
Content:    Water data such as river stages, temperature,  groundwater levels,
           specific conductivity, and dissolved oxygen are punched on paper
           tape in the file in raw form.
Contact:    Charles R. Showen, U.S.  Geological Survey, (703) 860-6871
BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
Content:    The coverage is of spatial distribution of permeability for the
           Atlantic Coastal Plain from North Carolina to New York.
Contact:    Donald J. Dolnack, U.S. Geological Survey, (703) 860-6031


GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE (SAS Format)
Content.:    The Geoecology Data Base represents a unique compilation of
           computerized environmental data for research and development.  The
           system is designed to provide rapid access to data at appropriate
           spatial and temporal scales for environmental impact assessment and
           planning.  Data are stored at the county level of resolution for
           the conterminous United States.  The Geoecology Data Base-contains
           selected data on terrain and soils, water resources, forestry,

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   4-8
           vegetation, agriculture, land use, wildlife, air quality, climate,
           natural areas, and endangered species.  Basic files on human
           population are also included to complement the environmental files.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is an IBM/SAS formatted
               file.
Contact:  NTIS
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
Content:    The index has been developed as a data base and data base
           management system that provides three main capabilities.  Geoindex
           consists of fixed-length records that supply the following
           information on published maps:  unique numeric identifier, state,
           author, year, title, county or counties, publisher, series,
           emphasis, area covered by the map, coverage in latitude and
           longitude, center point in latitude and longitude, depositories,
           type of base map, and plate number.
Contact:   Yula Sakss, U.S. Geological Survey (703) 860-7297


NATIONAL STREAM QUALITY ACCOUNTING NETWORK (NASQAN),  GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Content:    The data base is a subset of the U.S. Geological Survey's
           WATSTORE.  A uniform water quality parameter list includes
           information on instantaneous discharge, specific conductance,
           temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, fecal streptococcal and fecal
           coliform bacteria, suspended sediment, etc.
Contact:   James Schornick, Dick Smith, Water Resource Division, USGS


MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
Content:    The data utilized in generating this file are hourly surface
           weather observations and upper air observations.  The major
           parameters that make up this file are date, morning type indicator,
           morning mixing depth, morning average wind speed through mixing
           depth, morning average surface wind speed, afternoon type
           indicatory, afternoon mixing depth, afternoon average wind speed
           through mixing depth, and afternoon average surface wind speed.
           Data is from 1960 to 1964 and various later periods of record.
Contact:   National Climatic Data Center
STABILITY ARRAY (STAR)
Content:    The STAR output consists of frequency and percent frequency tables
           of wind direction versus wind speed for each stability category.
           These star data may be summarized on a monthly, seasonal, or annual
           basis.   The major parameters that make up this file are wind
           direction, stability class, wind speed frequencies, station ID, and
           beginning and ending year.
Contact:   National Climatic Data Center
SUMMARY OF THE MONTH CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
Content     This file contains monthly averages or totals of daily data that
           are measured primarily by cooperative stations.  The major
           parameters that make up this file are monthly:  maximum and minimum

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                                                      OSWER  Directive  9285.6-1

                                   4-9
           temperatures;  mean temperature with departure from normal;  total
           snowfall and maximum snow depth;  total  precipitation  with departure
           from normal; extreme high and low temperatures;  freeze  data;
           evaporation; and total heating degree days  and cooling  degree
           days.  Data is from 1876 to present, and is updated monthly.
Contact:  National Climatic Data Center
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
Content:    The major parameters that make up this file are time;  ceiling
           height;  horizontal visibility; weather;  wind direction and  speed;
           dry-bulb, wet-bulb,  and dew-point temperatures; relative  humidity;
           sea level pressure and station pressure; and total  sky cover and
           total opaque sky cover.  Data is from 1948 through  present,  and is
           updated  monthly.
Contact:   National  Climatic Data Center
U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
Content:    The primary source of information for this  file is  daily
           measurements taken by Federal government,  state government  and
           university sponsored Agriculture Research  and Experiment stations
           who are part of the cooperative station network.  The major
           parameters that make up this file are depth of soil temperature
           measurement, and daily temperatures.   Data is from  1967  to  the
           present, and is updated annually.
Contact:   National Climatic Data Center
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE:   AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
Content:   A significant body of information is currently available to
           characterize the burden of possibly-hazardous organic chemicals
           (HOCs) in ambient environments.   However,  these data have not been
           accessible in an organized format,  and no  attempt had been made to
           study their significance or to integrate them into a useful and
           cohesive document.  In this study,  ambient data,  primarily from the
           years 1970 through 1980, from 241 references covering 151 chemicals
           were collected and collated into a  computer-accessible data base.
           Data acquisition has been limited primarily to a few geographical
           regions, and most sampling programs have been performed in the
           warmer months and during daylight hours.  Specific recommendations
           are made for future studies regarding data reporting.  A strategy
           for an effective national monitoring program was presented.
Availability:  NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in ASCII character
               set.  Character set restricts preparation to 9 track, one-half
               inch only.
Contact:  NTIS
4.3  ADDRESSES  FOR  DATA FILE  AND TAPE CONTACTS

National Air Data Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-14
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
Telephone:  (919) 541-5582

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   4-10
National Climatic Data Center
User Services Branch
Federal Building
Asheville, NC  28801
Telephone:  (704) 259-0682

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia  22161
Telephone:  (703) 487-4650
Telex:  89-9405

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Headquarters
     Including:  Office of Health Research
                Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
                Office of Pesticide Programs
                Office of Radiation Programs
                Office of Toxic Substances
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C.  20460
Telephone:  (202) 755-9112

U.S. Geological Survey
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
425 National Center
Reston, Virginia  22902
Telephone:  (703) 648-6818

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Models

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-1


                                CHAPTER 5

                                  MODELS
     This chapter lists numerous exposure assessment (environmental fate and
transport) and dose-response models which may be useful in performing risk
assessments.  The section is organized with EPA models presented in Section
5.1 and "non-EPA" models presented in Section 5.2.   Within each section, the
models are further grouped into particular types (e.g., atmospheric,  surface
water, ground-water fate and dose-response models)  with all the models of a
given type listed alphabetically.   Refe'rences for additional information for
each model are given by either providing an office and an individual's name to
contact, or by citing a literature reference.  These literature citations are
fully referenced in Section 5.3.

     The list of models presented in this section is far from an exhaustive
compilation of all exposure assessment models; nor does the list below
represent all the different types of models which may be useful in risk
assessment (e.g., pharmacokinetic models).  Instead, this section describes
accepted, commonly-used environmental fate and transport and dose-response
models that were either:  (1) identified through interviews with EPA and
non-EPA employees; (2) taken from the list of EPA's "risk assessment" models
compiled in the Information Systems Inventorylj; or (3) selected from EPA or
non-EPA publications and references using professional judgment on the
applicability of a model in the risk assessment process.  There are countless
other models besides those listed below which may also be acceptable and may
in fact be more applicable or useful for a given situation.


5.1  EPA MODELS

     5.1.1  Atmospheric Fate Models

BOXMDD80

•    Contains population retrieval        •    Exposure routine is included
     program                              •    Available on GEMS
•    Applicable primarily to regions
     containing many diffuse emission
     sources
•    Steady-state, Gaussian distribution
     1J The Information Systems Inventory is an EPA-wide compilation of data
bases, models, and other information systems  which can be segregated into
groups having the same purpose (e.g., information systems for the purpose of
risk assessment).  More information on this inventory is available through
EPA's Office of Information Resources Management, Information Management
Branch.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-2
     Reference:  Hanna, 1972
     Contact for access to GEMS:
Loren Hall, EPA
 (202) 382-3931
CLIMATOLOGICAL DISPERSION MODEL (COM)
     Long-term seasonal or annual
     Point or area sources
     Gaussian plume model
     Simulates non-conservative
     pollutants
     Can simulate turbulence over
     urban areas
     Outputs long-term average con-
     centrations at user-specified
     receptors
     Requires stability array data
     FORTRAN V program language; has
     been implemented on the UNIVAC 1110
             22K bytes storage required
             Software available as part of
             UNAMAP package for $420
             A modified version (CDMQC)
             includes calibration of individual
             point and area source contribution
             lists and of averaging time trans-
             formations.
     Documentation:  Busse and Zimmerman, 1976
     Software:  Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia  22161

CRSTER

•    Modified steady state Gaussian Plume algorithm.
•    Estimates ground level concentrations resulting from up to 19 colocated
     elevated stack emissions.
•    Terrain adjustment can be made.
•    Prints out the highest and second highest 1-hour, 3-hour and 24-hour
     concentrations; also gives annual mean concentrations at 180 receptors.

     Documentation:  U.S. EPA, 1977.

INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX
     Long-term or short-term, point       •
     area, or line sources, single or     •
     multiple sources
     Models gravitational settling of     •
     particulates, providing deposition
     Release rates can be varied as a     •
     function of time
     Not applicable to complex terrain    •
     May provide overly conservative
     short-term maximum values for calm
     wind conditions

     Documentation:  Bowers et al. 1979
     Software:  Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia  22161
             Requires stability array data
             Extensive input data required to
             make use of sophisticated features
             FORTRAN IV program language, has
             been implemented on UNIVAC 140
             Approximately 65 K bytes storage
             required
             Available through GEMS

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                                   5-3
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
POINT SOURCE DISCHARGE -- CONCENTRATION AT A DISTANCE (PTDIS)
     Steady-state Gaussian plume model
     Point source
     Accommodates limit to upward
     vertical mixing
     Short-term
     Assumes conservative pollutant
     Produces estimates of hourly
     concentrations at a user-selected
     downwind distance
Available through GEMS
FORTRAN IV Program, applicable
to wide range of computers; has been
implemented on UNIVAC 1110
Approximately 12 K bytes memory
required
Software available as part of
UNAMAP package, for $420.
     References:  Turner and Busse 1973, General Software Corporation 1982
     Software:  Computer Products NTIS, Springfield, Virginia  22161

POINT SOURCE DISCHARGE -- MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION (PTMAX)
     Steady-state Gaussian plume model
     Point-source
     Short-term
     Assumes conservative pollutant
     Produces maximum hourly concen-
     trations for each stability and
     wind speed, location of maximum
     concentration
Available through GEMS
FORTRAN IV Program, applicable
to wide range of computers; has
been implemented on UNIVAC 1110
Approximately 12 K bytes memory
required
Software available as part of
UNIMAP package, for $420
     References:   Turner and Busse, 1973, General Software Corporation, 1982
     Software:  Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia  22161

PTMTP

•    Estimates the concentration from a number of point sources at a number of
     arbitrarily located receptors at/or above ground level.
•    Hourly meteorological data are used.
•    Hourly concentrations and averages over any averaging time from 1 to 24 hours
     can be obtained.
•    Downwind and crosswind distances are determined for each source receptor pair.

     Documentation:   Turner and Busse, 1973.

POINT, AREA. LINE SOURCE ALGORITHM (PAL)
     A short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm.
     Estimates concentrations of stable pollutants for point, line and area
     sources.
     Valuable emission rate along line source can be included.
     Intended for smaller scale analysis such as for shipping centers, airports
     and single plants.
     Hourly concentrations are estimated.
     Documentation:  Peterson, 1978.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-4
RAM
     A Gaussian plume short term multiple source air quality algorithm.
     Estimate concentrations of stable pollutants from urban point and area
     sources.
     Hourly meteorological data are used.
     Allows determination of downwind receptor locations to ensure good area
     coverage with minimum number of receptors.

     Docutnentation:   Turner and Novak, 1978.
TEXAS EPISODIC MODEL (TEM)
     Steady state model
     Point or area sources
     Short-term - 10 minutes to 24 hours
     Produces maximum and average
     concentrations over time periods
     selected by user
     User can select up to 2500 down-
     wind receptor points, according to
     an automatic or specific grid array
     Handles nonconservative pollutants
     Up to 24 meteorologic scenarios can
     be input for a single run
                                          FORTRAN program applicable to a
                                          wide range of computer types; has
                                          been implemented on Burroughs
                                          6810/11
                                          Requires approximately 26 K bytes
                                          memory
                                          Engineering, meteorology,
                                          atmospheric transport background
                                          useful
     Reference:  Christiansen, 1976
VALLEY
                                               May require careful analysis of
                                               output by experienced air quality
                                               modeler
                                               FORTRAN V program, applicable to
                                               wide range of computers
                                               Approximately 13 K bytes memory
                                               required
                                               Software available as part of
                                               UNAMAP series, for $420
Short- or long-term                  •
Simulates plume impaction in
complex terrain
Provides screening estimates of      •
worst-case short-term concentrations
Provides annual average concen-      •
trations
112-receptor grid                    •
Accommodates nonconservative
pollutants
Requires stability array data for
long-term option
Requires user-input worst-case
meteorological data for short-term
screening option

Documentation:  Burt, 1977.
Software:  Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia  22161

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-5
     5.1.2  Surface Water Fate Models

CHANNEL TRANSPORT MODEL (CHNTRN)

•    Time-varying, 1-dimensional  model
•    Models organic pollutants
•    Second-order decay mechanisms
•    Models rivers, lakes,  estuaries,
     and coastal waters
•    Can be coupled with a hydrodynamic
     model, CHNHYD, for estimation of
     flow dynamics where such data is
     not available
             Requires extensive data input,
             and extensive setup time
             Has not been field tested and
             documentation is currently under
             review
             FORTRAN IV program language
             Applicable to IBM 3933 computer,
             and others
     Reference:  Yeh 1982
     Documentation:  Dr. G.T. Yeh
                     Environmental Sciences Division
                     Oak Ridge National Laboratory
                     P.O. Box X
                     Oak Ridge, Tennessee  37830
                     (615) 574-7285
CHEMICAL AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL (TOXIWASP)
     Time-varying, 3-dimensional model
     Comprehensive second-order decay
     kinetics for organic pollutants
     Models rivers and estuaries and
     it can be applied to lakes
             Very data intensive model
             Applicable to IBM 370 or PDF 11/70
             Software in FORTRAN IV; requires
             64 K byte memory
             Requires 150-300 man hours for setup
     Documentation and Software:
Robert Ambrose
Center for Water Quality Modeling
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia  30612
(404) 546-3546
CHEMICAL TRANSPORT AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM (CTAP)
     Steady state, 3-dimensional
     compartmenta1 model
     Complex computer program
     Contains comprehensive second-
     order decay kinetics for organics
     (most models only have first-order
     kinetics)
     Models organic chemicals
     Suitable for freshwater, non-tidal
     aquatic systems
     Requires extensive data input
     Has been incorporated into EPA-
     OTS GEMS system
     An estimated 350 man hours required
     for installation and setup, assuming
     all data is.readily available
             Well documented and recommended
             for use over most other models
             Available on magnetic tape for
             installation on mainframe or small
             computers (e.g., PDP-11 or HP 3000);
             batch version requires 64 K bytes
             memory at a minimum, more for
             complex modeling
             Also available in interactive
             version, requiring 164 K bytes
             memory plus 2 K bytes for each
             chemical and 2.5 K bytes for each
             environment          -•

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-6
     Reference:  Burns et al. 1982
     Documentation:  ORD Publications, Center for
                       Environmental Research Information
                     U.S. EPA
                     Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                     513-684-7562; or
                     Center for Water Quality Modeling
                     Environmental Research Laboratory
                     U.S. EPA
                     Athens, Georgia  30613
                     404-546-3585

DYNHYD3

•    A simple 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model capable of handling variable
     tidal cycles, wind, and unsteady inflows.
•    Updated from the Potomac Dynamic Estuary Model (DEM).
•    Has the ability to produce an output file that can be linked with WASPS
     (described near the end of this section) to supply the flows and volumes;
     to the water quality model.
•    Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-
     computers and compatible systems.
•    Language:  FORTRAN 77
•    Approximate run time using sample data sets:  16 minutes.

     Contact:   Center for Water Quality Modeling
               Environmental Research Laboratory
               U.S. EPA
               Athens, Georgia  30613
               404-546-3585

ENHANCED STREAM WATER QUALITY MODEL (QUAL2E)

•    A steady state model for conventional pollutants in branching streams and
     well mixed lakes.
•    Includes conservative substances, temperature, coliform bacteria, bio-
     chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and algae.
•    Widely used for waste load allocation and permitting in the United States
     and other countries.
•    Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-
     computers and compatible systems.
•    Approximate run time observed using sample data sets:   1 minute.

     Contact:   Center for Water Quality Modeling
               Environmental Research Laboratory
               U.S. EPA
               Athens, Georgia  30613
               404-546-3585

EXPOSURE ANALYSIS MODELING SYSTEM (EXAMS)

•  •  Subject:   Synthetic Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems
•    Simulation model
•    1-2 or 3 dimensional
•    Runs analyses of initial conditions, time variations,  steady state analysis

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-7
•    Uses a set of fundamental process models that accept standard chemical
     parameters and limnological data as input parameters
•    DAC-VAX family of computers and IBM PC compatibles
•    FORTRAN 77 standard
•    Available through GEMS

     Contact:   Dr. Lawrence Burns
               Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
               Environmental Research Laboratory
               Athens, Georgia (404) 546-3511

HYDROLQGICAL SIMULATION PROGRAM - FORTRAN (HSPF)

•    Time-varying, 1-dimensional model    •    Requires extensive data input
•    Designed for year-round simulation   •    Most suitable to minicomputers
•    Models organic pollutants                 (e.g., HP 3000, PRIME, HARRIS) as
•    Second-order decay mechanisms             model utilizes direct access input-
•    Models non-tidal rivers and streams       output, which can be costly on main-
     and mixed lakes                           frame computers
•    Has been used on IBM 370 series      •    Requires 250 K bytes of overlay-
     computers                                 type storage

     Reference:  Johanson et al. 1980
     Software:  Center for Water Quality Modeling
                Environmental Research Laboratory
                U.S. EPA
                Athens, Georgia  30613
                404-546-3585

PROBABILISTIC DILUTION MODEL (PPM)

•    Estimates the percent of time a      •    Contains averages of mean and low
     given concentation -level may be           flows of streams in major river
     exceeded in receiving streams             basins of U.S., broken down by
•    Model estimates based on statis-          direct and indirect dischargers
     tical distribution of daily               and standard industry classifica-
     volume flows and on solution of           tion codes
     mass balance dilution evaluation     •    Designed for use on personal
                                               computers

     Holding Office:  Office of Toxic Substances
     Responsible Person:  Karen Hammerstrom
     FTS Phone:  8-382-3896

METALS EXPOSURE ANALYSIS MODELING SYSTEM (MEXAMS)

•    Steady state, 3-dimensional          •    Complex metal dynamics
     compartmental model                       requiring extensive data input
•    Complex computer program             •    Can be used with mainframe or
•    A combination of two models               small  (e.g., PCP 11/70 or HP 3000
     (MINTEQ and EXAMS) designed for           computers)
     modeling of metal loadings           •    Interactive format
•    Suitable for freshwater, non-tidal   •    Contains data base with thermo-
     aquatic systems                           dynamic properties of 7 metals

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-8
     Further information:
     Documentation:
	   Yasuo  Onishi
       Battelle,  Pacific  Northwest  Laboratories
       Richland,  Washington  99352
       509-376-8302
 Center for Water Quality Modeling,  EPA
 Environmental  Research Laboratories
 Athens,  Georgia
 404-546-3585
MICHIGAN RIVER MODEL (MICHRIV)

•    Steady-state, 1-dimensional model
•    Computer program written in FORTRAN
•    Similar to SLSA but can model more
     than one reach
•    Intended for metals
•    Models rivers and streams

     Reference:  Delos et al. 1984
     Technical Assistance Available from:
                           Easy  to  set  up  and  use
                           Requires minimal  computer
                           programming
                       Bill Richardson
                       U.S. EPA
                       Environmental  Research  Laboratory-
                        Duluth
                       Large  Lakes  Research  Station
       (see Section 5.1.3)

SEDIMENT-CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT (SERATRA)

•    Time-varying, 2-dimensional model
     (longitudinal and vertical)
•    Complex sediment transport
     mechanisms
•    Second-order decay mechanisms for
     organic pollutants
•    Models rivers and lakes
     References:  Onishi and Wise 1982a
                  Onishi and Wise 1982b
     Document at ion:   ORD Publications
                     Center for Environmental
                     U.S. EPA
                     Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                     413-684-7562
     Technical Assistance:  Robert Ambrose
                            U.S. EPA, Athens
                            Center for Water
                            Athens, Georgia
                            404-546-3546
                           Requires  extensive  data  input
                           Computer  program  written in  FORTRAN
                           preprocessor  language  FLECS, in
                           batch  mode
                           Has  been  field tested  and is
                           available for use
                           Requires  an estimated  750 man
                           hours  for setup,  assuming all
                           required  data are readily available
                          Research  Information
                         Env.  Research  Lab
                         Quality  Modeling
                         30613

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-9
TIME-DEPENDENT. THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT MODEL

•    Calculates hydrodynamic transport    •    User-specified options permit
     of conservative and non-conserva-         application to conservative sub-
     tive substances in surface water          stances (e.g., chloride) and non-
     bodies                                    conservative substances (e.g.,
•    Estimates time-dependent                  suspended solids)
     concentrations

     Holding Office:  Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  J.F. Paul
     FTS Phone:  8-838-5087

TIME-DEPENDENT. THREE-DIMENSIONAL, VARIABLE-DENSITY HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL

•    Estimates the movement of            •    Various user-specified versions
     pollutants in thermal discharges          to consider the receiving waters
     in harbors, bays, lake basins,            in different ways (e.g., water
     entire lakes, estuaries, marine           surface treated as a rigid lid
     coastal areas, etc.                       or a free-surface, or bottom
•    Calculates velocities, tempera-           boundary condition specified
     tures, and salinity                       as no-slip or slip)
•    Results of model can be used as
     input to a separate transport model

     Holding Office:  Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  J.F. Paul
     FTS Phone:  8-838-5087

TOXIC ORGANIC SUBSTANCE TRANSPORT AND BIOACCUMULATIQN MODEL  (TOXIC)

•    Quasi-dynamic, 3-dimensional         •    Applicable to IBM 370 and 750
     compartment model                         Prime systems
•    Program language is FORTRAN          •    FORTRAN program in batch mode
•    Complex biological uptake            •    User support  is limited; no user
     mechanisms                                manual is available
•    Models pesticides in reservoirs
     and aquatic impoundments
•    Only time-varying functions for
     loading, not flows
•    Good for biological accumulation
     but lacking in chemical fate
     mechanisms

     Reference:  Schnoor et al. 1981
     Software:  Jerry Schnoor
                Civil and Environmental Engineering
                Energy Engineering Division
                University of Iowa
                Iowa City, Iowa  52248
              - 319-353-7262

TOXIWASP
  -  see CHEMICAL AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-10
TRANSIENT ONE-DIMENSIONAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION MODEL (TODAM)
     Time varying, 1-dimensional model
     Second-order decay mechanisms
     Models river and estuarine systems
     Exterior hydrodynamic model (e.g.,
     EXPLORE) is required to provide
     channel and flow characteristics
     to TODAM
Requires extensive data input
Complex FORTRAN program, written
in the preprocessor language FLECS,
or in FORTRAN IV
Applicable to VAC or PDC 11/70
computers (batch mode)
TODAM has been applied; however
documentation is currently under
review; release date unknown
     Reference:  Onishi et al. 1982
     Further Information:  Yasuo Onishi
                           Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories and ICF Northwest
                           Richland, Washington  99352
                           509-376-8302

WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS SIMULATION PROGRAM (WASP3)

•    A generalized modeling framework for contaminant fate and transport in
     surface waters.
•    Based on a flexible compartment modeling approach, which allows WASPS to
     be applied in one, two, or three dimensions.
•    Problems that have been studied using WASPS include biochemical oxygen
     demand-dissolved oxygen dynamics, nutrients and eutrophication, bacterial
     contamination, and toxic chemical movement.
•    Can be used with subroutines selected from a library or written by user
     (e.g., TOXIWASP described earlier in this section).
•    Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-
     computers and compatible systems.
•    Language:  FORTRAN 77

     Contact:  Center for Water Quality Modeling
               Environmental Research Laboratory
               U.S. EPA
               Athens, Georgia  30613
               404-546-3585
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (WQAM)

•    Steady-state, 1-dimensional model    •
•    Requires only desk top calculations  •
•    Provides canonical information
•    Models, lakes, rivers, and           •
     estuaries
Easy to set up and use
No computer programming needed;
requires only hand calculator
Recommended if time, costs, or
information are restrictive
     Reference:  Mills et al. 1982
     Documentation:  ORD Publications
                     U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
                     513-684-7562

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-11
WATER QUALITY MODELING SYSTEM FOR THE GREAT LAKES (WQMSGL)

•    Consits of three subsystems which    •    Can be applied to most water
     allow user to develop, calibrate,         quality problems, constituents,
     and verify water quality models           and interactions
     for aquatic systems
•    Developed to serve EPA's research
     mandates for the Great Lakes, but
     applicable to any surface water
     system

     Holding Office:  Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  William Richardson
     FTS Phone:  8-226-7811

     5.1.3  Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater  Fate  Models
•    A geochemical model capable of calculating equilibrium aqueous specia-
     tion, adsorption, gas phase partitioning, solid phase saturation states,
     and precipitation-dissolution of 11 metals (arsenic,  cadmium,  chromium,
     copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium,  and zinc).
•    Can solve a broad range of chemical equilibrium problems for surface and
     ground waters.
•    Contains an extensive thermodynamic data set.
•    Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-
     computers and compatible systems.
•    Language: . FORTRAN 7 7.
•    Approximate run time using sample data sets:   4 minutes.

     Contact:  Center for Water Quality Modeling
               Environmental Research Laboratory
               U.S.  EPA
               Athens, Georgia  30613
               404-546-3585

PESTICIDE ROOT ZONE MODEL (PRZM)

•    Simulates the vertical movement of pesticides  in unsaturated soil within and
     below the plant root zone, and extending to the water table.
•    Uses generally available input data that are reasonable in spatial and
     temporal requirements.
•    Consists of hydrology and chemical transport components that simulate runoff,
     erosion, plant uptake, leaching, decay, foliar wash off,'and volatilization of
     a pesticide.
•    Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-
     computers and compatible systems.
•    Language:  FORTRAN 77.
•    Approximate run time using sample data sets:   8 minutes.

     Contact:  Center for Water Quality Modeling
               Environmental Research Laboratory
               U.S.  EPA
               Athens, Georgia  30613
               404-546-3585

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-12
PESTICIDES ANALYTICAL TRANSPORT SOLUTION (PESTAN) or ANALYTIC TRANSIENT 1,2.3-
DIMENSIONAL MODEL (AT123D)
     Predicts pesticide and organic
     pollutant movement to ground water
     Environmental and chemical data
     input interactively
                                          Available through GEMS
                                          Version in GEMS features an auto-
                                          mated link with Seasonal Soil
                                          Model (SESOIL) to allow modeling
                                          of chemicals moving from the un-
                                          saturated zone into ground water
     Holding Office:   Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:   David M.  Walters
     FTS Phone:  8-743-2261
REGULATOR AND TREATMENT ZONE MODEL (RITZ)

•    Models pollutant transport by
     leaching and volatilization
•    Estimates biological degradation
     of the pollutant
                                          Considers the effect of an oil
                                          phase on pollutant transport
     Holding Office:   Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  Tom Short
     FTS Phone:  8-743-2234
SEASONAL SOIL COMPARTMENT MODEL (SESOIL)
                                               Integrated into GEMS
                                               Versatile, easy to use
                                               Fortran program language; has been
                                               implemented on IBM 370, VAX 11/780
                                                 Produces contaminant concentration
                                               distribution in unsaturated zone,
                                               quality of ground water runoff
Long-term fate simulations
Accounts for numerous hydrologic,
meteorologic characteristics of site
Accounts for numerous transfer,
transformation processes: absorp-
tion volatilization, degradation,
biodegradation
Models organics,  inorganics
Handles up to 3 layers of soil
types, permeabilities
     Documentation:   Bonazountas and Wagner, 1981
     Contact for access to GEMS system:   Mr. Loren Hall
                                          U.S. EPA, Exposure Evaluation
                                          Division
                                          Washington, D.C.
                                          202-382-3931
SIMULATED WASTE ACCESS TO GROUND WATER (SWAG)

•    Predicts organic pollutant           •
     transport to groundwater
•    Three compartment analytical         •
     computer model
                                          Considers transformations in
                                          the soil-geological matrix
                                          Data is input interactively by
                                          the user             -•
     Holding Office:  Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  David M. Walters
     FTS Phone:  8-743-2261

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-13
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PLUMES IN UNIFORM GROUND-WATER FLOW (PLUME2D)

•    Estimates concentration distribu-
     tion in a leachate plume emanating
     from a point source
•    Includes both linear absorption
     and first-order reactions

     Holding Office:  Office of Emergency Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  Carl Enfield
     FTS Phone:  8-743-2334

     5.1.4  Exposure Assessment  Models

ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES (AIRDOSE-EPA)

•    Estimates annual intakes and         •    Atmospheric dispersion,  wet
     exposures from the atmospheric            and dry deposition,  and food
     release of radionuclides                  pathway models included
•    The intake estimates provided        •    Radionuclide chain ingrowth
     as inputs to DARTAB to assess             and decay considered
     individual or collective doses/      •    Environmental removal taken
     risks associated with chronic             into account
     releases

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Christopher Nelson
     FTS Phone:  8-557-9380

COHORT ANALYSIS OF INCREASED RISKS OF DEATHS (CAIRO) MODEL

•    Estimates human health risks
     produced in a population after
     exposure to a given radiation
     level

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Neal S.  Nelson
     FTS Phone:  8-557-9380

DOSE AND RISK ASSESSMENT TABULATION (DARTAB)

•    Computes fatal cancers and
     genetic defects from radiological
     concentrations on the ground
     surface, and in air, water, and
     vegetation
•    Used in conjunction with
     RADRISK information to provide
     risk assessment information for
     AIRDOSE-EPA and PRESTO-EPA

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Christopher Nelson
     FTS Phone:  8-557-7380

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-14
HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE-RESPOSITORY RISK MODEL (REPRISK)

•    Calculates expected genetic and      •    Expected events include shaft
     somatic health effects at a               and borehold leakage, and bulk
     generic high level radioactive            rock transport
     waste geologic repository            •    Releases are from destruction
•    Estimates radionuclide releases           of waste packages or disturbance
     to air, land surface, and rivers          of a contaminated repository
     or lakes from a repository as a           backfilled tunnel
     repository as a result of
     expected and accident events
•    Accidents considered include
     human intrusion, faults,
     meteorites, and volcanoes

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Daniel Egan
     FTS Phone:  8-557-8610

LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND RISK ASSESSMENT CODE
(PRESTO-EPA)

•    Calculates health effects to         •    RADRISK data required to
     an exposed population from                run the model
     radioactivity escaping from
     a shallow-land or deep geologic
     burial site
•    DARTAB used as a subroutine to
     calculate fatal cancers and genetic
     defects

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  G. Lewis Meyer
     FTS Phone:  8-557-8610

MAXIMUM INDIVIDUAL DOSE MODEL (MAXDOSE)

•    Models geological events and         •    Estimates contaminated areas
     health effects associated with            and individual risk
     accidental releases from a           •    Considers leaching and dis-
     nuclear waste repository                  solution as waste escape
•    Calculates set of dose rates              mechanisms
     at different times and distances

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Daniel Egan
     FTS Phone:  8-557-8610

MIXTURE AND SYSTEMIC TOXICANT RISK MODEL (MSRM)

•    Estimates human health risk          •    Non-cancer risk assessment
     from exposure by any route                models and estimation categories

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-15
     Contains statistical methods
     and extrapolation models for
     using available toxicological
     and epidemiological data
     Cancer risk models included
     for completeness, but
     developed elsewhere
Applicable for single chemicals
and mixtures
Estimation methods include those
in EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines
for Comparison
     Holding Office:  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
     Responsible Person:  Richard Hertzberg
     FTS Phone:  8-684-7582

PLUTONIUM AIR INHALATION DOSE (PAID)

•    Calculates dose rates and
     doses resulting from the acute
     or chronic lifetime inhalation
     or ingestion of transuranic
     radioisotopes

     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Neal Nelson
     FTS Phone:  8-557-9380

PRESTO-EPA
  -  see LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND RISK
     ASSESSMENT CODE
RADIONUCLIDE DOSE RATE/RISK (RADRISK)

•    Estimates health risk due to
     inhalation or ingestion of
     radionuclides for arbitrary
     exposure periods
•    End result in set of values
     relating fatal cancers and
     genetically significant
     radiation doses to a unit of
     radionuclide intake
A greatly revised combination
of two previously existing
programs - INREM II and CAIRO
Health risk from external
exposure also estimated by
CAIRO using dose rates from
DOS FACTER
     Holding Office:  Office of Radiation Programs
     Responsible Person:  Christopher B. Nelson
     FTS Phone:  8-557-9380

REPRISK
  -  see HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY RISK MODEL
SLUDGE PROGRAM-HEALTH IMPACTS (SPHI)

•    Assesses adverse human health
     effects from contaminants in
     sewage sludge
•    Considers sludge distributed and/
     or marketed to public for use
     in vegetable gardens and lawns
Contaminants taken into account
include metals, PCBs, and
pathogens

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-16


     Holding Office:  Office of Solid Waste
     Responsible Person:  Ken Shuster
     FTS Phone:  8-382-3345

     5.1.5  Multi-Media Models

ENVIRONMENTAL PARTITIONING MODEL (ENPART)

•    Uses physical/chemical properties to estimate partitioning between air,
     water, and river sediment (i.e., estimates mass distribution between these
     three components).
•    Estimates environmental persistence.
•    Available on GEMS.

     Holding Office:  Office of Toxic Substances
                      Exposure Evaluation Division
     Responsible Person:  Russell Kinerson
     FTS Phone:  8-382-3928


5.2  NON-EPA MODELS

     5.2.1  Atmospheric Fate  Models

TEXAS CLIMATOLOGICAL MODEL CONTROL (TCM)

•    Long-term (seasonal or annual)       •'    Requires stability array data
•    Gaussian dispersion                  •    FORTRAN program language; has
•    Two pollutants per run                    been implemented on Burroughs
•    Includes option for simulation of         6810/11
     urban area turbulence classes        •    Batch mode
•    Handles nonconservative pollutants   •    17K bytes memory required
•    Point or area sources                •    Technical background in
•    Up to 2500 receptor locations on          meteorology, air pollution useful
     downwind user-specific grid
•    Outputs average concentration data

     Document at ion:  Texas Air Control Board,  1980

     5.2.2  Surface Water  Fate Models

ESTUARY AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL (WASTOX)

•    Time-varying, 3-dimensional model    •    Very data intensive model
•    Sophisticated second-order organic   •    User must provide hydrodynamic
     decay kinetics                            flows between model compartments
•    Models rivers, lake and estuaries    •    Applicable to IBM 370 or POP
                                               11/70 systems
                                          •    Fortran IV program requires 32
                                               K bytes storage
                                          •    Requires 150-300 man hours for setup

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-17


     Documentation and Software:   Dr.  John Connolly
                                   Environmental Engineering and Science
                                   Manhattan College
                                   Bronx, New York  10471
                                   (212) 920-0276 or:
                                   Dr.  Parraely H. Pritchard
                                   Environmental Research Laboratory
                                   Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
                                   (904) 932-5311

FINITE ELEMENT TRANSPORT MODEL (FETRA)

•    Time-varying, 2-dimensional model     •    Input data requirements are
     (longitudinal and lateral)                extensive
•    Second-order decay mechanisms for     •    Computer program written in
     organic pollutants                          FORTRAN IV
•    Models rivers, estuaries, coastal     •    Can be used on IBM,  VAX or CDC-
     systems, and completely mixed lakes       7600 computers
•    Can be coupled with EXPLORE-I        •    Has been field validated
     hydrodynamic model to generate flow  •    Setup and execution time require-
     velocities where these are unknown        ments are large

     Reference:  Onishi et al. 1981
     Further Information:  Yasuo Onishi
                           Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories and ICF Northwest
                           Richland,  Washington  99352
                           509-376-8302

SIMPLIFIED LAKE/STREAM ANALYSIS (SLSA)

•    Steady-state, 1-dimensional model     •    Easy to set up and use
•    Solution either by desk top          •    Computer programming not
     calculations or simple (hand              necessary; if used,  only 280 bytes
     calculator) FORTRAN program               are required, suitable for micro-
•    Suitable for simplified lake and          computers
     river systems                        •    Well documented and suggested for
                                               use before using a more sophisti-
                                               cated model

     Reference:  HydroQual 1982
     Documentation:  William Gulledge
                     2581 M Street, N.W.
                     Washington, D.C.  20037
                     202-887-1183

WASTOX
  -  see ESTUARY AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL

     5.2.3  Unsaturated Zone and  Groundwater Fate Models

COUPLED FLUID. ENERGY AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT (CFEST) COMBINED WITH UNSAT-1D

•    3-dimensional                        •    Has been field verified for
•    Accommodates heterogeneous,               arsenic and organic wastes
     anisotropic, multilayered soil       •    Sorption, degradation mechanisms not
     configurations                            incorporated

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                                   5-18
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
     Handles saline aquifers as well
     as fresh water
     Transport mechanisms of dispersion,
       advection simulated

     Documentation:  Gupta et al. 1982
Time-variant release and flow
rates
Combination covers unsaturated and
saturated zones
ESTAN
     One-dimensional
     Organic substances
     Degradation is simulated
     Provides pollutant velocity, dis-
     tribution, and concentration data
     Accommodates various release rates,
     schedules

     Reference:  Enfield et al., 1982
FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL OF WASTE (FEMVASTE)
                and
FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF WATER FLOW (FEMWATER)
Considered a screening model
Rapid evaluations
Inexpensive, easy to use; requires
only-hand-held calculator
Has been field verified with
pesticides
     Two-dimensional
     Interzone transfer is modeled
     Incorporates convection, dispersion
     Simulates degradation of non-
     conservative substances
     Absorption is accounted for
     Capable of modeling layered,
     heterogeneous soil zones
     FEMWATER is a model for ground
     water flow, while FEMWASTE simulates
     the transport/fate of contaminants
     Documentation:  Yeh and Ward 1981
     Information:  Dr. George T. Yeh
                   Oak Ridge National Laboratory
                   Environmental Science Division
                   P.O. Box X
                   Oak Ridge, Tennessee  37830
                   615-574-7285
Has been implemented on IBM 360
May require background in hydro-
geology, differential equations,
programming
Field verified
LEACHATE PLUME MIGRATION MODEL (LPMM)

•    Continuous source model
•    Dispersion is simulated
•    Degradation processes accounted for
•    A simplistic model; results may not
     be as sophisticated as necessary for
     Level III work
Can be used in nomographic, hand-
held calculator, or computer form
Relatively easy to use
     References:  Kent et al. 1982

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                                   5-19
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
RANDOM WALK SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODEL (RWSTM)
     One or two-dimensional
     Time-variant release rates
     Accommodates well-injected release
     Incorporates dispersion, retar-
     dation
     Handles nonconservative pollutants
     Accounts for well pumping

     Documentation:  Prickett et al. 1981
Requires mathematical programming,
hydrogeological knowledge on part
of user
Has been field validated
Provides contaminant concentration
at user-selected points
SANDIA WASTE ISOLATION FLOW AND TRANSPORT MODEL (SWIFT)
     3-dimensional
     Transport processes of advectionj
     dispersion simulated
     Sorption, degradation processes
     accounted for
     Appropriate for waste-injection,
     waste-isolation modeling
Has been field verified
Has associated user's guide in
self-teaching format
Fortran program; has been
implemented on various CDC systems
including CDC 7600
1984 version to be released late  '
1984, or 1985
     Document at ion:   Reeves and Cranwell 1981; Finley and Reeves 1978
     Software:  National Energy Software Center
                Argonne National Laboratories
                Argonne, Illinois  60439
     Information:  Intera Environmental Consultants, Inc.
                   11999 Katy Freeway, Suite 610
                   Houston, Texas  77079

     5.2.4  Dose-Response Models

GAMMA MULTIHIT -MODEL
     Generalization of One-Hit Model
     Assumes that a response requires
     more than one hit (dose)
     Exhibits a greater variety of
     behavior than one-hit model
     Can accomodate a wider range
     of data than one-hit or multistage
     models
     Excess risk is convex for more
     than one hit, concave for less than
     one, linear for one hit
Inconclusive for a negative or
non-integer number of hits
Resembles curves with thresholds
at low levels
May "manufacture" a background
rate even with no evidence of one
Determination of formulae for
confidence intervals is problematic
Less problematic when additive
background is incorporated
     References:   For specific applications see the "hit theory" in Iverson and
     Arley, 1950 or the "particle theory" in Cornfield, 1954.  The gamma multihit
     model is described in Chesson et al., 1984.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-20
LOGIT MODEL
                                               Extrapolations will be close to
                                               gamma-multihit model
     Similar to Probit Model (see         •
     below) but approaches zero more
     slowly
     Low dose linearity implies a
     concave dose response curve at
     higher doses

     References:   Worcester and Wilson, 1943 and Berkson, 1944.  A more general
     model of which both Probit and Logit models are special cases was proposed in
     Prentice, 1976.  See also Chesson et al., 1984.
MULTISTAGE MODEL

•'   A form of the Weibeull model
     (see below)
•    Accounts for cancer death rate
     proportional to some power of age
•    Assumes that a cell goes
     through a variable number of
     distinct stages in a specific
     order before becoming cancerous
•    Assumes rate within each stage
     is constant and related to dose
     References:   Armoitage and Doll, 1961 and Crump et al., 1976.
     Ghesson et al., 1984.
                                               Recommended for low-risk assess-
                                               ment of cancer
                                               Estimation is more complicated
                                               than with other models
                                               Uses computer program GLOBAL79
                                               to calculate confidence intervals
                                                                    See also
ONE-HIT MODEL

•    Linear at low doses, concave at
     high doses (sometimes called
     ("linear model")
•    Assumes a response after a
     single biologically effective
     unit of dose

     Reference:  Chesson et al., 1984.

PROBIT MODEL

•    Tolerance distribution model
•    Assumes tolerance to follow a
     lognormal distribution
                                               Provides a conservative estimate
                                               of risk at low doses
                                               Has been used to describe "time
                                               to response" data
                                               Tends to give a high VSD
     References:  Finney, 1971.  A more general model of which both Probit and
     Logit models are special cases was proposed in Prentice, 1976.  The Probit
     model is described in Chesson et al., 1984.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   5-21
WEIBULL MODEL
     Tolerance distribution model
     suggested by human cancer
     incidence patterns
     Assumes cancer begins in a
     single cell
     Assumes individual cells in a
     tissue behave independently
                                          Accounts  for external  forces
                                          like death of some persons  in
                                          sample set by non-measured  causes
                                          before cancer could be diagnosed
                                          Low dose  linearity implies  a
                                          concave dose response  curve at
                                          higher doses
     References:   Suggested in Cook et al., 1969.   See also Chesson et al.,  1984.
5.3  REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION OF MODELS
     Armitage P., Doll R.  1961.  Stochastic models for carcinogenesis.
Proceedings 4th Berkeley Symposium IV, pp. 19-38.
In:
Berkson J.  1944.  Application of the logistic function to bioassay.
J. American Statistical Association 39:134-167.
     Bonazountas M.,  Wagner J.  1981.  SESOIL, a seasonal soil compartment
model.  Cambridge, Massachusetts.   A.D. Little Inc.  for U.S.   Environmental
Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6271.

     Bowers J.F., et al.  1979.  Industrial source complex (ISC) dispersion
model user's guide, volumes I and II.  Washington, DC:   U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency.  EPA 450/4-79-030.  As reviewed in:   Bonazountas M.,  Fiksel
J., et al.  1982.  Environmental mathematical pollutant fate modeling
handbook/catalogue (Draft).  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Policy and Resource Management.  Contract No. 68-01-5146.

     Burns L.A., Cline D.M., Lassiter R.R.  1982.  Exposure Analysis Modeling
System (EXAMS) user manual and system documentation.   Athens, GA:
Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development,  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  EPA-600/3-82-023.   As reviewed in:  Versar
Inc.  1983.  Methodology for assessing exposures to chemical substances  via
the ingestion of drinking water.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6438.

     Burt E.  1977.  VALLEY model user's guide.  Washington,  DC:  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  EPA-450/2-77-018.   As reviewed in:  U.S.
EPA.  1982.  Environmental Modeling Catalogue.  Washington, DC:  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  Information Clearing House.  PM-211A.

     Busse A.D., Zimmerman J.R.  1976. User's guide for the climatological
dispersion model.  Research Triangle Park, NC:  U.S.  Environmental Protection
Agency.  EAP-R4-73-024.  As reviewed in:  Bonazountas M., Fiksel J., et al.
1982.  Environmental mathematical pollutant fate modeling handbook/catalogue
(Draft).  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Policy and Resource Management.  Contract No. 68-01-5146.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-22
     Chesson J., Zanetos M.A.  1984.  Documentation of High- to Low-Dose
Extrapolation Models Used in Quantitative Risk Assessment:  Assessment of
Models.  Draft Final Report.  Batelle.  Washington, DC:  Office of Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6721.

     Christiansen J.H.  1976.  Design and application of the Texas episodic
model.  Proceedings of the Conference on Environmental Modeling and
Simulation.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA-600/9-76-016.  As reviewed in:  U.S. EPA.  1982.  Environmental Modeling
Catalogue.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Information Clearing House.  PM-211A.

     Cook P.J., Doll R., Fellingham S.A.  1969.  A mathematical model for the
age distribution of cancer in man.  Int. J. Cancer 4:93-112.

     Cornfield J.  1954.  Measurement and comparison of toxicities:  the
quantal response.  In:  Statistics and Mathematics in Biology.  Kempthorne 0.,
Baneroft T.A., Gowen J.W., and Lush J.L., eds.   Ames:  Iowa State College
Press, pp. 327-344.

     Crump K.S., Hoel D.G., Langley C.H., Peto R.  1976.  Fundamental
carcinogenic processes and their implications for low dose risk assessment.
Cancer Research 36:2973-2979.

     Delos C.G., Richardson W.L., DePinto J.V., et al.  1984.  Technical
guidance manual for performing wasteload allocations, book II:  streams and
rivers.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.   Office of Water Regulations
and Standards.  ,Water Quality Analysis Branch.   Washington, DC.

     Enfield C.G., Carsel R.F., Cohen S.Z., Phan T., Walters D.M.  1982.
Approximating pollutant transport to ground water.  Ground Water 20(6) 711-722.

     Finley N.C., Reeves M.  1978.  SWIFT self-teaching curriculum.
Washington, DC:  Nuclear Regulatory Commission.  NUREG/CR-1968, SAND 81-0410.
As reviewed in:  Lo T.Y.R., Scott B.H., Benhamin R.R.  1983.  Remedial action
assessment models for hazardous waste sites.  Review draft.  Athens, GA:  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.  68-03-3116.

     Finney D.J.  1971.  Probit analysis (3rd edition).  London:  Cambridge
University Press.

     General Software Corporation.  1982.  Graphical exposure modeling system
(GEMS) user's guide.  Washington, DC:  Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6618.

     Gupta S.K., Kincaid C.T., Meyer P.R., Newbill C.A., Cole C.R.  1982.  A
multi-dimensional finite element code for the analysts of coupled fluid,
energy, and solute transport (CFEST).  Richland, WA:  Battelle Pacific
Northwest Laboratory.  PNL-2939.  As reviewd in:  Lo T.Y.R., Scott B.H.,
Benjamin R.R.  1983.  Remedial action assessment models for hazardous waste
sites.  Review draft.  Athens, GA:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Contract No. 68-03-3116.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-23
     HydroQual, Inc.  1982.  Application guide for CMA - HydroQual chemical
fate models.  Prepared for:  Chemical Manufacturers Association,  Washington,
DC.  As reviewed in:  Dixon, et al., 1985.  Methodology for assessing
exposures to chemical substances via the ingestion of drinking water.
Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.
68-01-6271.  NTIS PB 86-132156.

     Iverson S., Arley N.  1950.  On the mechanism of experimental
carcinogenesis.  Acta Path. Micro Scan, 27:1-31.

     Johnanson R.C., Imhoff G.C., Davis H.H.  1980.  Hydrocomp Inc.  Users
manual for hydrological simulation program -- FORTRAN (HSPF).   Athens, GA:
Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA-600/9-80-015.  As reviewed in:  Dixon, et al., 1985.  Methodology for
assessing exposures to chemical substances via the ingestion of drinking
water.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.
68-01-6271.  NTIS PB 86-132156.

     Kent D.C., Pettyjohn W.A., Witz F., Prickett T.  1982.  Prediction of
leachate plume migration and mixing in ground water.  Solid and Hazardous
Waste Research and Development Annual- Symposium proceedings.  Columbus, OH:
National Water Well Association.  As reviewed in:  Versar Inc.  1983.
Theoretical evaluation of sites located in the zone of saturation.  Draft
final report.  Chicago, IL:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract
No. 68-01-6438.

     Konikow L.F., Bredehoeft J.D.  1974.  Computer model of two-dimensional
transport and dispersion in ground water.  Washington, DC:  .U.S.  Geological
Survey.  Techniques of Water Resource Investigation, Book 7, Chapter 2.  As
reviewed in:  Versar Inc.  1983.  Theoretical evaluation of sites located in
the zone of saturation.  Draft final report.  Chicago, IL:  U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6438.

     Mills W.B., Dean J.D., Porcella D.B., et al.  1982.  Water quality
assessment:  a screening procedure for toxic and conventional pollutants:
part 1.  Tetra Tech, Inc.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Research Laboratory.  Office of Research and Development.
Athens, Georgia.  Contract No. 68-03-2673.

     Onishi Y., Wise S.E.  1982a.  Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.
Mathematical model, SERATRA, for sediment-contaminant transport in rivers and
its application to pesticide transport  in Four Mile and Wolf Creeks in Iowa.
Athens, GA:  Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.  EPA-600-3/82-045.  As reviewed in:  Versar Inc.  1983.  Methodology
for assessing exposures to chemical substances via the ingestion of drinking
water.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.
68-01-6271.

     Onishi Y., Wise S.E.  1982b.  Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
User's manual for the instream sediment-contaminant transport model SERATRA.
Athens, GA:  Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.  EPA-600-3/82-055.  As reviewed in:  Versar Inc.  1983.  Methodology
for assessing exposures to chemical substances via the ingestion of drinking
water.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.
68-01-6438.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-24
     Peterson, William B.  1978.  User's Guide to PAL-A Gaussian-Plume
Algorithm for Point, Area and Line Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, Environmental Monitoring Series
EPA-600/4-78-013 (NTIS PB-274-054).

     Prentice R.L.   1976.  A generalization of the probit and logit methods
for dose response curves.  Biometrics 32:761-768.

     Prickett T.A.,  Maymik T.G., Lonnquist C.G.   1981.  A "random-walk" solute
transport model for selected groundwater quality evaluations.  Champaign, IL:
Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources.  ISWS/BUL-65/81.  As
reviewed in:  Versar' Inc.  1983.  Theoretical evaluation of sites located in
the zone of saturation.  Draft final report.  Chicago, IL:   U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency.   Contract No. 68-01-6438.

     Reeves M., Cranwell R.M.  1981.  User's manual for the Sandia
Waste-Isolation Flow Transport model (SWIFT).  Washington,  DC:  Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.  NUREG/CR-2324, SAND81-2516.  As reviewed in:  Lo
T.Y.R., Scott B.H.,  Benjamin R.R.  1983.  Remedial action assessment models
for hazardous waste sites.  Review draft.  Athens, GA:  U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.   Contract No. 68-03-3116.

     Schnoor J.L.,  Rao N., Cartwright K.J., Noll R., Ruiz-Calzada C.  1981.
Verification of a toxic organic substance transport and bioaccumulation
model.  Final report.  Athens, GA:  Office of Research and Development, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  Grant No. R-806059-02.  As reviewed in:
Dixon et al., 1985.   Methodology for assessing exposures to chemical
substances via the ingestion of drinking water.   Washington, DC:   U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6271.   NTIS PB 86-132156.

     Texas Air Control Board.  1980.  User's guide to the Texas Climatological
Model.  Austin, TX:   Texas Air Control Board.  As reviewed in:  U.S. EPA.
1982.  Environmental Modeling Catalogue.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.   Information Clearing House.   PM-211A.

     Turner D.B., Busse A.D.  1973.  User's guides to the interactive version
of three point source dispersion programs:  PTMAX, PTDIS, and PTMTP
(preliminary draft).  Research Triangle Park, NC:  U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.   EPA/DF-81/OOlf.  As reviewed in:  Bonazountas M., Fiksel
J., et al.  1982.  Environmental mathematical pollutant fate modeling
handbook/catalogue (Draft).  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Policy and Resource Management.  Contract No. 68-01-5146.

     Turner, D. Bruce, and Joan Hreako Novak.  1978.  User's Guide for RAM.
Vol. I, Algorithm Description and Use, EPA-600/8-78-016a (NTIS PB-294-791).
Vol. II, Data Preparation and Listings, EPA-600/8-78-016b (NTIS PB-294-792),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.

     U.S. EPA.  1985.  Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites, EPA/540/2-85/001 (NTIS PB 85-211357).

     U.S. EPA.  1977.  Monitoring and Data Analysis Division.  Research
Triangle Park, NC.   User's Manual for Single Source (CRSTER) Model,
EPA-450/2-77-013 (NTIS PB-271-360).

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   5-25
     Worcester J., Wilson E.B.  1943.  The determination of LD50 and its
sampling error in bioassay.  Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences
29:79-85.

     Yeh G.T., Ward D.S.  1981.  FEMWASTE:  A finite-element model of waste
transport through saturated-unsaturated porous media.  Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Environmental Services Division:  Publication No. 1462,
ORNL-5602.  137 p. As seen in:  Versar Inc.  1983.  Theoretical evaluation of
sites located in the zone of saturation.  Draft final report.  Chicago, IL:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-6438.

     Yeh G.T.  1982.  Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  CHNTRN:  a chemical
transport model for simulating sediment and chemical distribution in a
stream/river network.  Washington, DC:  Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.
W-7405-eng-26.  As reviewed in:  Dixon, et al., 1985.  Methodology for
assessing exposures to chemical substances via the ingestion of drinking
water.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No.
68-01-6271.  NTIS PB 86-132156.

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Manuals, Directories,
     Periodicals

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   6-1
                                CHAPTER 6

               MANUALS, DIRECTORIES,  AND PERIODICALS
     This chapter presents manuals,  directories,  and periodicals  that are
useful sources of information in performing risk  assessments.   Manuals are
considered documents with the purpose of giving guidance or instructions  for
earring out a specific function, such as conducting public health evaluations
under Superfund or using a particular modeling system.   Directories  are
compilations of information resources, names and  addresses, or chemical
activity status reports.  Periodicals are regularly published  newsletters,
bulletins, and reports that also contain information relevant  to  risk
assessments.

     Manuals are listed in Section 6.1, directories are presented in Section
6.2, and periodicals are in Section 6.3.  Because these information  resources
are typically broad in scope with information that may be useful  throughout
the risk assessment process, they are not categorized according to specific
risk assessment steps (i.e., hazard identification, dose-response assessment,
exposure assessment, and risk characterization as described in Chapter 2).
For each manual, directory, and periodical, a brief description of its content
is given along with a full bibliographic reference or point of contact.


6.1  MANUALS

The Endangerment Assessment Handbook

     This document, which was prepared and distributed by EPA's Office of
Waste Programs Enforcement (OWPE), provides guidance to EPA regional, state,
and contractor personnel on conducting endangerment assessments and  preparing
the necessary documentation.  Its primary purpose is to assist individuals in
the preparation of endangerment assessment documents to satisfy enforcement
needs.  The handbook explains the use of an endangerment assessment  as an
enforcement tool, its relationship to other documents which may be prepared
for a specific site, and instructions for preparing the endangerment
assessment document.

     Reference:     PRC Engineering.  1985.  Submitted to the  Office of Waste
                    Programs Enforcement, U.S. EPA., Contract  No. 68-01-7037.


Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) User's  Guide

     This handbook describes the GEMS, an interactive computer system
developed in the Exposure Evaluation Division of  the Office of Toxic
Substances.  The purpose of the document is to describe GEMS from the user's
point of view.  It is intended to serve as a comprehensive guide  to  the use of
GEMS by personnel without great knowledge of computer programming.

     Reference:     General Software Corporation.  1984.  Submitted  to the
                    Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S.  EPA.
                    Contract No. 68-01-6618.

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                                   6-2
Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA

     This document provides guidance for the preparation of feasibility
studies required under the revised National Oil and Hazardous Substances
Pollution Contingency Plan.  It provides project managers and decision makers
in government and industry with guidelines for developing and evaluating
alternative remedial responses to uncontrolled releases of hazardous
substances.  In conjunction with other publications in this series, it will
assist in meeting the national goal of adequately protecting public health,
welfare, and the environment.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA, 1985.  Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under
                    CERCLA.  Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
                    Washington, B.C.


Guidance on Remedial Investigations Under CERCLA

     This document provides guidance on the conduct of remedial investigations
in support of feasibility studies under Superfund and the National Contingency
Plan.  Essential steps in the remedial investigation process are described and
the document identifies important factors, information, and analysis needs to
scope the investigations; prepare all necessary plans (health and safety,
sampling, data management); conduct the site assessment; and evaluate and
present results.  The guidance document provides government and private
personnel with the means to plan, prepare, conduct, and conclude remedial
investigations consistent with hazardous waste site clean-up legislation and
site-specific requirements.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA, 1985.  Guidance on Remedial Investigations
                    Under CERCLA.  Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
                    Washington, D.C.


A Manual for the Preparation of Engineering Assessments

     The manual contains models used by the Office of Toxic Substances'
Chemical Engineering Branch to assess occupational exposure and environmental
releases.

     Reference:     William Burch, Chemical Engineering Branch, Economics and
                    Technology Division, U.S. EPA Office of Toxic Substances.
                    Telephone FTS 382-3664


OTS Exposure Assessment Manuals

     EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) has developed a series of manuals
outlining methods for assessing exposure to chemical substances.  The series
consists of five volumes, the first providing an introduction to the overall
exposure assessment process and, as noted by the following references,
subsequent volumes pertain to exposure assessments conducted for different
purposes.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   6-3
     References:     Callahan, et al., 1985.  Methods for Assessing Exposure
                    to Chemical Substances, Vol.  1:   Introduction.  EPA
                    560/5-85-001.  NTIS PB 86-107083.

                    Freed, et al., 1985.  Methods for Assessing Exposure to
                    Chemical Substances, Vol. 2:   Methods for Assessing
                    Exposure to Chemical Substances  in the Ambient
                    Environment.  EPA 560/5-85-002.   NTIS PB 86-107067.

                    Adkins,  et al., 1985.  Methods for Assessing Exposure to
                    Chemical Substances, Vol. 3:   Methods for Assessing
                    Exposure from Disposal of Chemical Substances.  EPA
                    560/5-85-003.  NTIS PB 86-107059.

                    Dixon, et al., 1985a.  Methods for Assessing Exposure to
                    Chemical Substances, Vol. 4:   Methods for Enumerating and
                    Characterizing Populations Exposed to Chemical
                    Substances.  EPA 560/5-85-004.  NTIS PB 86-107042.

                    Dixon, et al., 1985b.  Methods for Assessing Exposure to
                    Chemical Substances, Vol. 5:   Methods for Assessing
                    Exposure to Chemical Substances  in Drinking Water.   EPA
                    560/5-85-005.  NTIS PB 86-132156.

                    Shultz,  et al., 1985.  Methods for Assessing Exposure to
                    Chemical Substances, Vol. 6:   Methods for Assessing
                    Occupational Exposure to Chemical Substances.  EPA
                    560/5-85-006.  (NTIS PB number to be assigned.)
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual

     This manual presents an integrated methodology designed to guide the
execution of four major component analyses required in support of Superfund
site Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies:   (1) analysis of toxic
contaminant releases from a subject site; (2) determination of the
environmental fate of such contaminants; and (3) evaluation of•human
population exposure.  The first three analyses are conducted as components of
the site Remedial Investigation.  The last is executed as part of the
Feasibility Study.

     Reference:     Versar, Inc., 1986.  Submitted to the Office of Toxic
                    Substances, Exposure Evaluation Division, U.S. EPA.
                    Contract Numbers:  68-01-6271, Task No.:  59; 68-03-3149,
                    Work Assignment No.:  23-2


Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual

     This manual establishes a framework for analyzing public health risks at
Superfund sites and for developing design goals for remedial alternatives that
are based on applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements of other
laws, where available, or risk analysis where those requirements are not
available.  These procedures were developed by EPA's Office of Emergency and

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   6-4
Remedial Response in conjunction with an Agency-wide Working Group, which
included representatives from the program offices, the Office of Research and
Development, the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, and several
Regional offices.  The procedures provided in the manual are designed to
conform to EPA's risk assessment guidelines.   The manual provides a range of
analytical requirements that may be needed at a particular site.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA. 1986.  Office of Emergency and Remedial
                    Response.  Submitted by IGF Inc. under Contract Number:
                    68-01-7090
Toxicology Handbook, Principals Related to Hazardous Waste Site Investigations

     This handbook describes the processes and procedures involved in
collecting and interpreting the information needed to perform a toxicity
assessment as part of a risk assessment.  It is prepared and distributed by
the EPA's Office of Waste Programs Enforcement.  The handbook is intended to
provide an introduction to the toxicity assessment process and some of the
major elements involved.

     Reference: •     PRC Engineering.  1985.  Submitted to the Office of Waste
                    Programs Enforcement, U.S. EPA.  Contract No.  68-01-7037.


The Use of Risk Assessment in EPA Regional Operations

     This report examines the nature and use of risk assessment in U.S. EPA
Regional operations.  The report was done to clarify what the term "risk
assessment" means in the context of current Regional policies and procedures.
It focuses on the use of risk assessment to estimate human health impacts from
toxic chemical exposures in site-specific situations.  It is based on a survey
of regulatory programs at a "typical" Regional office - Region IV, located in
Atlanta, Georgia.  From the survey results, the step-by-step process involved
in site-specific risk assessment is defined.  The report also presents
recommendations for ensuring the scientific quality and consistency of
site-specific risk assessments.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA.  November 1985.  Region 4.  EPA 904/5-85-140.


User Guide to Chemical Activity Status Report (CASR)

     This manual describes the scope and organization of information contained
in CASR as well as the basic search and display techniques.  The manual also
lists some sample searches done on specific chemicals and shows displays from
the searches.

     Reference:     Computer Sciences Corp.  1985.  Prepared by EPA CIS User
                    Support Group.  Contract No. 6639-151.

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6.2  DIRECTORIES

Chemical Activities Status Report, Fourth Edition,  Volumes I & II

     These reports summarize EPA's chemical related activities.   The reports
are organized into three sections which include:   1) an alphabetized chemical
name reference listing; 2) a chemical name synonym list, and; 3)  an EPA
chemical activities report arranged sequentially by CAS Registry  Number.   It
is prepared and distributed by the Chemical Policy and Coordination Staff of
OTS.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA.  1985.  Prepared by Chemical Coordination Staff
                    of the Office of Toxic Substances.  February.


Directory of Online Data Bases

     This publication provides brief summaries of 2764 data bases and files
available through online services.  Brief introductory material about online
data base services is also included.  Online services are indexed by
telecommunication networks through which they are available.

     Reference:     Cuadia Associates, Inc.  1985 (Vol. 6, Number 3).  LC
                    Catalog No. 79-54776.  Santa Monica, CA.


Groundwater Management:  The Use of Numerical Models, 2nd Edition

     This monograph discusses ground-water models and their applications in
the management of water resource systems.  The kinds of models that have been
developed, their availability, data and technical expertise requirements and
their specific and general roles in ground-water management are discussed.
The first chapters are dedicated to brief reviews of ground-water systems,
ground-water management, and the basic mathematic equations used in
ground-water modeling.  The appendix contains a comprehensive list of models,
a bibliography and a list of model contact addresses.

     Reference:     Paul van der Heijde, Yehuda Bachmat, John Bredehoeft,
                    Barbara Andrews, David Holz,  and Scott Sebastian.  1985.
                    American Geophysical Union -- Water Resources Monograph
                    5.  American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.


Industry Program Interaction Matrix; A Guide to Agency Personnel Who Are
Familiar with Selected Industries

     This document identifies headquarters and regional/lab personnel who may
have current information concerning specific segments of industry.  The
document contains a matrix which lists 81 industry categories and their
subcategories, along with the name, phone number, and organization of the EPA
personnel who are responsible for that category or subcategory.  Report is
prepared and distributed by the Chemical Coordination Staff of the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

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     Reference:     U.S. EPA.  1984.  Prepared by Chemical Coordination Staff
                    of the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.  June.
Information Resources in Toxicology

     This book is a succinct guide to major sources of information in the
field of toxicology.  It deals with sources relevant to chemical, physical and
biological hazards to man, although the chemical hazards have been
emphasized.  Brief descriptions are provided for books, special monographs,
popular literature, periodicals, journal articles, abstracts, data bases,
organizations, relevant legislation and regulations, educational institutions,
and other directories.  Although the book focuses on toxicology in the United
States, one chapter is devoted to International Activities.  Appendices
include a directory of poison control centers and a list of selected
abbreviations.

     Reference:     Phillip Wexler, 1982.  Elsevier Publishing Co. Inc., New
                    York.
NIOSH Publication Catalog

     This publication is a cumulative catalog of all National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) numbered publications, hazard
evaluation and technical assistance reports, contract reports, industry-wide
study reports, control technology reports, and miscellaneous reports
(educational and training materials).  The publications listed are generally
not available from NIOSH and must be purchased from the Government Printing
Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
Instructions for ordering from GPO and NTIS are provided.

     Reference:     U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services (Sixth edition).
                    1984.  OHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 84-118.


NTIS - Directory of Computerized Data Files

     This publication provides current information on the availability and
content of Federal, machine-readable data files which are available from
NTIS.  Technical reports are not described.  Data file abstracts are presented
in sections for Economics, Social Sciences and Science and Technology.  Data
files are also indexed by agency, as well as NTIS order number and subject.
All of the data files listed are available for purchase from NTIS.

     Reference:      U.S. Department of Commerce.  1985.  PB 85-155174.


ORD Topical Directory

     This directory provides a comprehensive alphabetical listing of areas in
which the EPA Office of Research and Development has technical expertise.  The
individuals who are active in these areas are listed along with telephone
numbers, office locations, and, if applicable, laboratory locations.

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                                   6-7
     Reference:     U.S.  EPA.   Office of Research and Development/Office of
                    Research Planning and Management/Center for Environmental
                    Research Information (CERI).
OTS Information Architecture Notebook

     This handbook was originally prepared for internal uses within the EPA
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS).  The handbook contains information on data
bases and reference materials which are useful in the review and analysis of
the effects of chemical substances on human health and the environment.

     Reference:     U.S.  EPA.  1983.   Report-prepared by Office of Toxic
                    Substances.  Contract No. 68-01-6651.
The Federal Data Base Finder

     This publication identifies over 3,000 free and fee-based data bases and
files available from the Federal Government.  It is divided into sections for
government-controlled data bases (searchable directly through Federal
Agencies); commercial data bases (containing government-supplied data
available through commercial vendors); and government data files and tapes
(sold to the public from various organizations and departments).

     Reference:     Zaronzny, Sharon and Monica Honer.  1984 (1984-5
                    Edition).  Information USA.  Potomac,  Md.


The Status of Chemicals in the Special Review Program, Registration Standards
Program, and Data Call-In Program
                                                              ~t
     This report contains a listing of all chemicals which have been, or are
being handled under the Special Review Process; an alphabetical listing of
chemicals active in the Registration Standard Development  Process; and
identification of the chemicals which are processed in the Data Call-In
program.  The lists.of chemicals are maintained and distributed by the Office
of Pesticides Programs and are updated semi-annually.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA.  1985.  Prepared by the Office of Pesticide
                    Programs on a semi-annual basis.


6.3  PERIODICALS

Accomplishments Under the New Chemical Program

     This bulletin is an annual summary of actions taken under Section 5 of
TSCA.  It contains a listing of the formal and informal regulatory actions, as
well as the Premanufacturing Notifications (PMN's) withdrawn.  Each PMN entry
includes a brief description of the Agency's findings on the potential risk of
the chemical, the types of toxic data reviewed, the action taken by EPA, and
the final disposition of the PMN.

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     Reference:     U.S. EPA, Chemical Control Division.  Contact:  Wendy
                    Cleland-Hammett, FTS Phone:  8-382-3784

Chemicals-in-Progress Bulletin

     The Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) publishes the above, which
summarizes developments within OTS pertaining to the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA).   Information within the Bulletin includes current as well as
near-term plans.  The Bulletin is published on a monthly basis.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA.  Office of Toxic Substances, TSCA Assistance
                    Office (TS-799).  Phone:  800-424-9065.

CIS News

     CIS News, published by Chemical Information Systems (CIS), Inc., is a
monthly newsletter tailored specifically to developments, updates and future
plans within CIS.  The information contains notes on data bases, meetings,
seminars, and major company events.

     Reference:     Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
                    7215 York Road
                    Baltimore, MD  21212

Existing Chemicals Assessment Division (EGAD) Quarterly Report

     This report summarizes the status of all chemicals in the OTS assessment
process.  The reports are designed for internal OTS purposes.  An abbreviated,
tabular version of the Quarterly Report is also published every two months as
the Bi-Monthly Assessment Report.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division.
                    Contact:  Jeanette Wiltse, FTS Phone 8-382-3832

Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) Report Bibliographies

     The Information Management Division maintains bibliographies of OTS
publications.  These are updated on a periodic basis.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA, Information Management Division.
                    Contact:  Geraldine Nowak, FTS Phone:  8-382-3568

Risk Assessment Review

     This publication intends to serve as a forum for information exchange on
risk assessment activities and developments.  The Review is the product of a
cooperative effort between the Office of Research and Development and the
Regional Risk Assessment Network.  The information covered includes reviews of
current and future programs related to risk assessment.  It is published on a
monthly basis.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
                    Office of Research and Development.  To be added to the
                    mailing list, contact:  CERI Distribution, 26 W. St.
                    Clair, Cincinnati, OH, 45268.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   6-9
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Annual Report

     This report summarizes EPA's activities under TSCA during the last
current fiscal year, and includes not only direct rule-making activities, but
also such items as data collection procedures, risk evaluation strategies,
rule-making processes, policy statements, enforcement activities, and any
litigation.  There have been 8 annual reports since TSCA took effect in
January, 1977, fulfilling the Congressional reporting requirements under
sections 9(d), 28(c), and 30 of the Act.

     Reference:     U.S. EPA, Office of Program Management and Evaluation.
                    Contact:  Brenda Kover, FTS Phone:  8-382-3784

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Publications

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   7-1


                                 CHAPTER 7

                               PUBLICATIONS
     Bibliographic references to general literature,  textbooks,  and other
publications that are useful risk assessment information resources are listed
in this chapter.   Specifically-cited and titled publications and more
generically-referenced resources are included in Sections 7.1 and 7.2
respectively.   Although the publications itemized in  Section 7.1 are generally
applicable to more than one step in the risk assessment.process, these
specifically-cited publications are grouped with those related to hazard
identification in Section 7.1.1; publications related to dose-response
assessment in Section 7.1.2; exposure assessment publications in Section
7.1.3; and publications related to risk characterization in Section 7.1.4.
Chapter 2 of this directory describes the purpose of  these different risk
assessment steps  and the types of information needed  to accomplish each.   The
generically-referenced resources in Section 7.2 may contain various individual
components under  each title and are thus too broad in their applications to be
placed into one specific section.

     The publications listed below were identified, through interviews with
EPA and non-EPA employees, as commonly used risk assessment references or were
extracted from publication lists from other known documents related to risk
assessment.  Additional bibliographic references for  specific exposure
assessment and dose-response models are given in Chapter 5, and additional
references for manuals and directories are given in Chapter 6.


7.1  SPECIFIC CITATIONS

     7.1.1  Publications  Related  to Hazard Identification

     Browning E., 1979.  Toxicity of Industrial Metals.  New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts.

     Clayton,  G.D., and Clayton, F.E., eds., 1981.  Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology.  John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd edition.

     Dawson, et al., 1980.  Physical/Chemical Properties of Hazardous Waste
Constituents.   Prepared by Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory for
U.S. EPA.

     Food and Drug Administration, 1970.  Radiological Health Handbook:
Bureau of Radiological Health.  Rockville, Maryland.

     GCA Corporation, 1982.  Evaluation and Selection of Models for Estimating
Air Emissions from Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities.  Prepared for U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C.

     Gosselin, R.E., Smith, R.P., and Hodge, H.C. .1984.  Clinical Toxicology
of Commercial Products.  Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed.

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     Grain, C.F., 1982.  Vapor Pressure.  Chapter 14 in Lyman et al., Handbook
of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw-Hill, 1982.

     IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to
Humans.  International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon,  France (continuing
series)..

     Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1978.   John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 3rd edition.

     Lyman, et al., 1982.  Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods.
McGraw-Hill, New York.

     Mackison, F.W., Stricoff, R.S., Partridge, L.J., and Little, A.D., 1980.
NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.   U.S.  Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health.  Publication No. 78-210.

     Mills, W.B., Dean, J.D., Porcella, D.B., et al., 1982.   Water Quality
Assessment:  A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants,
Parts One and Two.  Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Athens, GA.  EPA 600/6-82-004 a and b.

     Perry, R.H. and Chilton, C.H., eds., 1983.  Chemical Engineers'  Handbook,
McGraw-Hill, 5th Ed.

     Plunkett, E.R., 1976.  Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.  New York:
Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.

     RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances).  NIOSH
(published annually).

     Sax,  N.I., 1984.  Dangerous Properties'of Industrial Materials.   Sixth
edition.   New York:  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.

     Shepard, T.H., 1980.  Catalog of Teratogenic Agents.  Third edition.
Baltimore:  The Johns Hopkins University Press.

     U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, 1980a.  Ambient Water Quality
Criteria Documents for [Specific Chemical].  Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.  NTIS PB 81-117251, for entire set.

     U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, 1980b.  Water Quality Criteria
Documents:  Availability.  Federal Register 45:79318-79379.

     U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, 1981.  Treatability Manual, Volume
I.  Office of Research and Development, EPA 600/2-82-OOla.  NTIS PB 80-223050.

     U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, 1983.  Technical Support Document
and Summary Table for the Ranking of Hazardous Chemicals Based on
Carcinogenicity, External Review Draft.  Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.  OHEA-C-073.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                     7-3
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1984.   Characterization of
Constituents from Selected Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Part 261.   Office of
Solid Waste.  Prepared by Environ Corporation.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1985a.   Proposed Maximum
Contaminant Levels for Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals in Drinking
Water.  Federal Register 50(219)46902-46933.

     Verschueren, K.   1983.  Handbook of Environmental Data for Organic
Chemicals.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York,  2nd ed.

     Weast, R.C., ed., 1979.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.   CRC
Press, Inc.  Boca Raton, FL.

     Windholz et al., ed., 1983.  The Merck Index.  Merck & Company,  Inc.,
Rahway, New Jersey, 10th ed.

     7.1.2  Publications  Related to Dose-Response Assessment

     McLaughlin, T.,  1984.  Review of Dermal  Absorption.   EPA-600/8-84-033.
NTIS No. PB85-170694.

     International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 1968.  Report
of Committee IV on Evaluation of Radiation Doses  to Body Tissues from Internal
Contamination Due to Occupational Exposure.  ICRP Publication 10.   Pergamon
Press, New York.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986a.   Guidelines for Carcinogenic
Risk Assessment.  Federal Register 51:33992-34003.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986b.   Guidelines for Exposure
Assessment.  Federal Register 51:34042-34054.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986c.   Guidelines for Mutagenicity
Risk Assessment.  Federal Register 51:34006-34012.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986d.   Guidelines for the Health
Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants.   Federal Register
51:34028-34040.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986e.   Guidelines for the Health
Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.  Federal Register 51:34014-34025.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1985a.   Health Effects Assessment
for [Specific Chemical].   [Note:  58 individual documents available for
specific chemicals or chemical groups.]  NTIS PB  86-134111, for entire set.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1985b.   Relative Carcinogenic
Potencies among 54 Chemicals Evaluated by the Carcinogen Assessment Group as
Suspect Human Carcinogens.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                     7-4
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1984.   Summary Data Tables for
Chronic Noncarcinogenic Effects.   Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.  [Note:  Prepared during reportable quantity adjustment process.]

     U.S. Office of Science and Technology  Policy,  1985.  Chemic Carcinogens;
A Review of the Science and Its Associated  Principles.   Federal Register
50(50):10372-10442.

     7.1.3  Publications Related to Exposure Assessment

     Anderson, E., et al., 1985.   Development of Statistical Distributions or
Ranges of Standard Factors Used in Exposure Assessments.  EPA-600/8-85-010.
NTIS No. PB85-242667/AS.

     Basta, D.J. and Bower, B.T.,  1982.   Analyzing Natural Systems.   Resources
for the Future.  Washington,  D.C.

     Bureau of the Census, 1984.   Statistical Abstract  of the United States
1984.  104th Edition.

     Callahan, et al., 1979.   Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volumes I and II, Office of  Water Planning  and Standards, Office
of Water and Waste Management, U.S. EPA, EPA Contract Nos. 68-01-3852 and
68-01-3867.

     Cowherd, Chatten, et al., 1985.  Rapid Assessment  of Exposure to
Particulate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites.   NTIS No. PB
192219/AS.  EPA-600/8-85-002.

     Cupitt, L.T., 1980.   Fate of Toxic  and Hazardous Materials in the Air
Environment.  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S.  EPA, PB
80-22/948.

     Dawson, Gaynor et al., 1985.   Dioxin Transport from Contaminated Site to
Exposure Locations.  EPA-600/8-85-012.  NTIS No.  PB85-214310/AS.

     Dickson, K.L., Maki,  A.W. and Cairns,  J., 1982. Modeling the Fate of
Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.  Ann  Arbor Science.

     Donigian, A., et al., 1983.   Rapid  Assessment of Potential Groundwater
Contamination Under Emergency Response Conditions.   EPA 600/8-83-030.  NTIS
No. PB84-133123.

     Fiserova-Bergerova,  Vera, 1983.  Modeling of Inhalation Exposure to
Vapors:  Uptake, Distribution and Elimination.  Volume  1.  CRC Press, Inc.
Boca Raton, FL.

     Food and Drug Administration, 1980. Fiscal Year 1979 Total Diet Studies
- Adult.  NTIS.  PB 83-112722.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   7-5
     Freeze, R. and Cherry, J.,  1979.  Groundwater.   Prentice-Hall,  Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey.

     International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 1975.   Report
of the Task Group on Reference Man.  No. 23.  Pergamon Press, New York.

     International Standards Organization (ISO), 1981.  Recommendations  on
Size Definitions for Particle Sampling.  Report of Ad Hoc Working Group  to
Technical Committee 146 - Air Quality, ISO.   Am. Ind. Hyg.  Assoc. J. (42), May
1981.

     Jaber, et al., 1984.  Data Acquisition for Environmental Transport  and
Fate Screening.  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC, EPA 600/6-84-009.

     Kenaga, E.E. and Goring, C.A.I., 1978.   Relationship Between Water
Solubility, Soil-Sorption, Octanol/Water Partitioning, and Bioconcentration of
Chemicals in Biota.  In:  Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM STP 707, J.G. Eaton,  P.R.
Parrish, and A.G. Hendricks, Eds.  American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia, PA.

     Kimbrough, R. et al., 1984.  Health Implications of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
Contamination of Residential Soil.  J. of Tox. and Env. Health.  Vol. 14,  No.
1.

     Mabey, et al., 1982.  Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority
Pollutants.  Prepared by SRI International,  EPA Contract Nos. 68-01-3867 and
68-03-2981, prepared for Monitoring and Data Support Division, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.

     Maki, A.W., Dickson, K.L.,  and Cairns,  J., eds., 1980.  Biotransforma-
tion and Fate of Chemicals in Aquatic Environments.   American Society for
Microbiology, Washington, DC.

     Menzer, R.E. and Nelson, J.O., 1980.  Water and Soil Pollutants.  Chapter
25 in Doull, J., Klaassen, C.D., and Amdur,  M.D., Toxicology, MacMillan, 1980.

     National Academy of Sciences, 1977.  Drinking Water and Health.  Volume
I.  NRC Press, Washington, DC.

     National Academy of Sciences, 1980.  Drinking Water and Health.  Volume
II.  NRC Press, Washington, DC.

     National Academy of Sciences, 1980.  Drinking Water and Health.  Volume
III.  NRC Press, Washington, DC.

     National Academy of Sciences, 1982.  Drinking Water and Health.  Volume
IV.  NRC Press, Washington, DC.

     National Academy of Sciences, 1983.  Drinking Water and Health.  Volume
V.  NRC Press, Washington, DC.

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     Nelson, D.W., Elrick, D.E., Tangi, K.K.,  Krai, D.M.,  and Hawkins, S.L.,
eds., 1983.  Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems:  Proceedings of
a symposium sponsored by the American Society of Agronomy and the Soil Science
Society of America.  American Society of Agronomy, The Soil Science Society of
America, Madison, Wisconsin.

     Swann, R.L. and Eschenroeder, A., 1983.  Fate of Chemicals in the
Environment:  Compartmented and Multimedia Models for Predictions.  American
Chemical Society.  Washington, B.C.

     Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.I., and Earth, E.F., 1981.
Biodegradability Studies with Organic Priority Pollutant Compounds.  J. Water
Pollution Control Fed. 53(10):1503-1518.

     Turner, D.B., 1970.  Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates.
AP-26, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Programs, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.  Exposure Profiles for RCRA
Risk-Cost Analysis Model.  Office of Solid Waste.  Prepared by Environ
Corporation.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980.  Water Quality Criteria
Documents:  Avaiability.  Federal Register 45:79318-79379.

     Walton, W.E.  1985.  Practical Aspects of Ground Water Modeling.
National Water Well Association, Worthington,  OH.

     Whitmore, R.W., 1985.  Methodology for Characterization of Uncertainty in
Exposure Assessments.  EPA-600/8-85-009.  NTIS No. PB85-240455/AS.

     7.1.4  Publications  Related to Risk Characterization

     National Academy Press.  1985.  Risk Assessment in the Federal Court.
Managing the Process.  Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of
Risks to Public Health, Commission on Life Sciences, National Resource Council.

     Schaum, J., 1984.  Risk Analysis of TCDD Contaminated Soil.
EPA-600/8-84-031.  NTIS No. PB85-145704/AS.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986a.  Guidelines for Carcinogen
Risk Assessment.  Federal Register 51:33992-34003.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986b.  Guidelines for Exposure
Assessment.  Federal Register 51:34042-34054.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986c.  Guidelines for Mutagenicity
Risk Assessment.  Federal Register 51:34006-34012.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986d.  Guidelines for the Health
Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants.  Federal Register
51:34028-34040.

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                                                      OSWER Directive  9285.6-1

                                   7-7
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986e.   Guidelines  for the Health
Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.   Federal Register 51:34014-34025.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1985a.   Proposed Rule:   National
Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan.   Federal Register
50:47912-47979.

     U.S. Office of Science and Technology  Policy, 1985b.   Chemical
Carcinogens; A Review of the Science and Its Associated Principles.   Federal
Register 50(50):10372-10442.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1984a.   Risk Analysis  of TCDD
Contaminated Soil.  Prepared by the Exposure Assessment Group,  Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington,  D.C.,  EPA-600/8-84-031.

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1984b.   Risk Assessment and
Management:  Framework for Decision Making.   EPA-600/9-85-002.

     Zamuda, C.D., 1986.  The Superfund Record of Decision Process:   Part  I-The
Role of Risk Assessment.  Chemical Waste Litigation Reporter,  11(6):847-859.


7.2  GENERAL REFERENCES TO PUBLICATIONS

     Chemical Advisories

     These advisories are non-regulatory informational  documents,  intended  to
encourage voluntary risk-reduction actions  by individuals  or organizations  in
instances where regulatory control is not appropriate or as interim measures
while regulatory action is pursued.  They provide information  to  the public  on
the toxic effects of chemicals of concern,  routes of exposure,  and alternative
methods of reducing risks.

     Contact:   Jeannette Wiltse, Existing Chemicals Assessment  Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-3832.

     Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIPs)

     CHIPs are summaries of readily available information on the  health and
environmental effects as well as the exposure potential of a chemical.
Various chemicals reviewed in the risk identification phase of  the existing
chemical review process are chosen for a CHIP.  Information for a CHIP is
gathered from various literature sources, data bases, companies,  and other
government agencies.  To date, 240 CHIPs have been prepared.

     Contact:   James Darr, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division, U.S. EPA.
               FTS Phone:  8-382-3470.

     Current Awareness Reports

     OTS prepares these reports from its continuous surveys of  published
literature.  The reports are intended to identify potentially  significant
risks and to document current knowledge of  the cancer-causing  ability of each
class of chemicals believed to have such effects.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   7-8
     Contact:  Joseph Arcos, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-3478.

     Environmental Effects Assessment Documents

     This resource is a compendium of procedures which the Environmental
Effects Branch employs to evaluate the environmental effects of chemicals.

     Contact:  James Gilford, Health and Environmental Review Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-4237.

     Health Effects Assessment Documents (HEAs)

     HEAs summarize and evaluate information relevant to a preliminary interim
assessment of adverse health effects associated with individual chemicals.
The intent in these assessments is to suggest acceptable exposure levels
whenever sufficient data are available.  Whenever possible, two categories of
exposure levels are estimated for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which
cancer is not the endpoint of concern).  The first, the AIS or acceptable
intake subchronic, is an estimate of an exposure level that would not be
expected to cause adverse effects when exposure occurs during a limited time
interval.  The second, the acceptable intake chronic (AIC), is similar in
concept to the acceptable daily intake.  AIC's estimate exposure levels that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when exposure occurs for a
significant portion of an individual's lifespan.  HEAs are subject to EPA's
peer and administrative review process.  In total, over 58 individual
documents are available for specific chemicals or chemical groups.

     Contact:  Craig Zamuda, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
               Policy Analysis Staff, FTS Phone:  8-382-2201

     HERD Science Issue Papers

     These documents address some of the important issues which OTS encounters
in evaluating the risk of chemicals or determining the need for testing.  The
papers include such issues as how to interpret various test data and how to
determine the combination of tests that will yield the most cost-effective,
high quality data.  To date, approximately 6 Science Issue Papers have been
prepared.

     Contact:  C.C. Lee, Health and Environmental Review Division, U.S. EPA.
               FTS Phone:  8-382-4241.

     Industrial Process Profiles

     These documents support the premanufacturing notification (PMN) review
process by describing the manufacturing processes which use a compound under
consideration, the actual materials used in each process, worker exposure to
the compound, and waste disposal and relevant technology.

     Contact:  Craig Matthiessen, Economic and Technology Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-3694.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   7-9
     Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use

     These reports present the Chemical Engineering Branch's evaluation of
ways to predict the release potential for different chemical handling
processes.  These documents are also utilized during the new chemical
Premanufacturing Notification (PMN) review process.  To date, 9 process
release documents have been prepared.

     Contact:   Larry Longanecker, Economic and Technology Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-7971.

     Interagency Testing Commission (ITC) Information Reviews

     These papers document the reviews of chemicals which ITC conducts in
deciding whether or not to recommend them for testing.  These reviews contain
the following types of information:  physical and chemical properties;
exposure data; biochemical, toxicological, and environmental information; 'and
observations in humans.  To date, approximately 500 chemicals or groups of
chemicals have undergone initial reviews by ITC and of these about 100 have
been recommended for test rules development.

     Contact:   Robert Brink, Interagency Testing Committee.  FTS Phone:
               8-382-3915.

     Production/Exposure Profiles

     These documents are used both to support the new chemical review process
and to provide inputs into the CHIP reports.  A profile of a particular
chemical contains the following types of information:  production;
manufacturing and processing methods; intermediate and end uses; monitoring
data; human and animal exposure; disposal; names and locations of manufactures
and processors; and environmental fate.  As of January 1986, 210 profiles have
been prepared.

     Contact:   Robert E. Lee, Economic and Technology Division, U.S. EPA.
               FTS Phone:  8-382-3703.

     Risk Assessments and Precursor Documents

     These reports are developed through OTS's risk assessments of chemicals
of potential regulatory concern.  Each of these assessments is made up of
numerous component analyses (e.g., exposure assessment, hazard assessment,
etc.) and may go through numerous versions.  None of the component assessments
have ever been released by OTS and only two or three of the one to two dozen
risk assessments have been released (in conjunction with proposed regulatory
actions).

     Contact:   Jeannette Wiltse, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-3832.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   7-10
     Section 8(e) and For Your Information (FYI) Status Reports

     Status reports are prepared from all Section 8(e) notifications and FYI
submissions.  Each report contains the CAS number, chemical name, information
type, or submission number and the OTS evaluation of the significance of the
submissions, including any recommended follow-up.  As of January 1986, there
are status reports for 580 Section 8(e) submissions and a few more on the 470
FYI's.

     Contact:  David Williams, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division, U.S.
               EPA.  FTS Phone:  8-382-3468.

     Technical Support Documents

     These documents support the significant rule-makings undertaken by OTS by
providing evaluative information.  They address such topics as the technical
basis for the action, the projected economic and regulatory impacts, and other
areas upon which OTS seeks comment.

     Contact:  Deborah Williams, Information Management Division, U.S. EPA.
               FTS Phone:  8-382-3598.

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Human Resources

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   8-1
                                CHAPTER 8

                            HUMAN  RESOURCES
                        OFFICES AND PERSONNEL
     There will be occasions when the traditional  information  resources
detailed in the previous chapters of this  Directory will  not contain the data
required to characterize risks.   At those  times  it may  be helpful to access
particular EPA offices, or non-EPA individuals experienced with the problem
area.  Toward this end, this chapter lists EPA individuals or  offices that
have been identified as being likely sources  of  unique  information or advice
concerning risk characterizations.  It should be emphasized that individuals
listed have consented to the inclusion of  their  names under the understanding
that they will be contacted only when all  other  information resources have
proven to be inadequate.
8.1  REGIONAL

     EPA's Regional Network for Risk Assessment Issues  was  developed  two years
ago.  The following people are designated by Regional Administrators  to serve
as primary contacts for participating in agency wide  risk assessment
initiatives.   Many of them also chair their Region's  cross-media  committee  for
addressing toxic chemical exposure issues,  so they have an  overall perspective
on risk assessment activities in their Region.   Susan Deihl or  Earl Bozeman
'should be contacted for further information, Region IV, FTS 257-3776.
          Region I
          Region II
          Region III
Tom D'Avanzo                     FTS 223-4864
Chairman, Toxics Coordinating Committee
Air Management Division
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Room 2203
Boston, Massachusetts  02203

Kevin Bricke, Chief              FTS 264-4296
Policy and Program Integration Branch
26 Federal Plaza
Room 900
New York, New York  10278

Maria Pavlova, M.D., Ph.D.         FTS 264-1918
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York  10278
Greene A. Jones, Director
Environmental Services Division
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  19106
FTS 597-9378

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                                            OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                         8-2
Region IV
                                 FTS 257-4727
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
                                               FTS 257-3776
John A. Little
Deputy Regional Administrator
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia  30365

Susan Deihl
Risk Assessment Coordinator
Office of Policy and Management
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia  30365
David Dolan (5HW-13)             FTS 886-5518
Pesticides and Toxic Substances Branch
Environmental Services Division
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois  60604
Jim Bob Sales (6AWHT)
Hazardous Materials Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas  75270

Jill Lyons
Toxics Coordinator
Air Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas  75270

William W. Rice
Deputy Regional Administrator
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas  66101

Bob Fenemore
Air and Toxics Division
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas  66101
                                 FTS 729-9722
                                              FTS 729-9187
                                 FTS 757-2800
                                              FTS 757-2835
Region VIII  Jim Baker (8AW-WM)
                                 FTS 564-1524
Region IX
Air and Waste Management Division
One Denver Place
Denver, Colorado  80202-2413

Suzanne Wuerthele, Toxicologist
(8AT-TS)
One Denver Place
Denver, Colorado  80202-2413

Arnold Den
Senior Science Advisor
Office of Policy and Management
215 Freemont Street
San Francisco, California  94105
                                              FTS 564-1743
                                 FTS 454-7487

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   8-3
          Region X     Gary O'Neal, Director
                       Air & Toxics Division
                       1200 Sixth Avenue
                       Seattle, Washington  98101

                       Dr. Dana Davoli, Toxicologist
                       1200 Sixth Avenue
                       Seattle, Washington  98101
FTS 399-1152
FTS 399-1757
          Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, RTF
                       Ila Cote, Toxicologist           FTS 629-5645
                       (Mail Drop 12)
                       Office of Air Quality Planning
                         and Standards
                       Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711

     In addition to the Regional Network for Risk Assessment Issues outlined
above, there is also a Health Assessment Network which is a group of EPA staff
who are involved in various aspects of health/risk assessment and have
informally agreed to help each other find answers to specific technical
questions related to risk assessment.  The range of specialties represented
in the network is quite broad -- exposure assessment, PCBs, ground-water
contamination, general toxicology, and statistics to name a few.  As of early
1986, there were about 50 EPA staff members in the Health Assessment Network,
with representatives from all' the regional offices, headquarters, and several
field components.  There were also about 20 people in the network who
represent external organizations such as state health departments, state
environmental protection organizations, and private contractors.  For more
information about the Health Assessment Network, contact Suzanne Wuerthele,
Region VIII, FTS 564-1743.

     The following EPA Regional personnel are designated contacts for air
toxics questions  (only names and telephone numbers  are given below;  the
addresses for regional offices are given above for the risk assessment
contacts).

          Region I     Margaret McDonough
                       (617) 223-4870; FTS 223-4870

                       Beth Hasset
                       (617) 223-4880; FTS 223-4880

          Region II    Bob Kelly
                       (212) 264-2517; FTS 264-2517

          Region III   Iz Milner
                       (215) 597-9090; FTS 597-9090

                       Paul Racette
                       (215) 597-9009; FTS 597-9009

          Region IV    Doug Cook
                       (404) 347-2864; FTS 257-2864

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   8-4
          Region V     Harriet Croke
                       (312) 353-6009; FTS 353-6009

          Region VI    Jill Lyons
                       (214) 767-9187; FTS 729-9187

          Region VII   Bob Chans lor
                       (913) 236-2893; FTS 757-2893

          Region VIII  Dewitt Baulch
                       (303) 293-1761; FTS 564-1761

          Region IX    Tim Smith
                       (415) 974-8219; FTS 454-8219

          Region X     Dana Davoli
                       (206) 442-1757; FTS 399-1757  •


8.2  HEADQUARTERS

     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
     401 M Street, N.W.
     Washington, D.C.  20460
     Locator Phone No.:  FTS 8-382-2090

     Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

          Craig D. Zamuda, Ph.D.
          Policy Analysis Staff
          FTS 8-382-2201

     Office of Waste Programs Enforcement

          Sheryl Sterling
          Chief, Health Sciences Section
          FTS 8-382-5646

     Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances

          Arnold Edelman
          Chemical Activity Coordination Group
          FTS 8-382-2249

          Terry 0*Bryan
          OTS Chemical Assessment Desk
          FTS 8-382-3483
          [NOTE:  The OTS Chemical Assessment Desk is an outreach service to
          other EPA offices and regions to provide consultation and share
          information on risk assessment activites for chemicals evaluated in
          the OTS Existing Chemicals Program.  The Desk also provides
          estimates of chemical toxicity and environmental fate based on
          structure-activity relationships in the absence of data, and offers
          assistance in identifying related risk assessment activities in
          other EPA program offices.]

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                                                 OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                              8-5
Office of Research and Development

     Peter W. Preuss, Ph.D.
     Director, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
     FTS 8-382-7315

     William Farland, Ph.D.
     Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
     FTS 8-382-5898
     [NOTE:  Contact for cancer/mutagenicity/reproductive effects risk
     assessment questions.]

     Michael A. Callahan, Ph.D.
     Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
     FTS 8-475-8909
     [NOTE:  Contact for exposure assessment questions.]

     Jerry F. Stara, Ph.D.
     Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
     FTS 8-684-7531
     [NOTE:  Jerry Stara is located in Region V, 26 West  Saint Clair
     Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45268.]

     Lester Grant, Ph.D.
     Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
     FTS 8-629-4173
     [NOTE:  Lester Grant is located in Region IV, Hwy 54 and Alex Road,
     Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711.]

     Chris DeRosa
     Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
     FTS 8-684-7534
     Commercial (513) 569-7534
     [NOTE:  Chris DeRosa is located in Region V, 26 West St. Clair
     Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45268.]

Office of Information Resources Management:  Risk Assessment/Risk
Management Bulletin Board

     The Office of Information Resources Management has established a
     risk assessment and risk management "Bulletin Board" on EPA's
     electronic mail (E-mail) system.  Anyone in EPA with access to
     E-mail can post messages on the bulletin board and read messages
     posted by others.  The Bulletin Board can be used to:  post notices
     of upcoming conferences, workshops, and other events; request
     assistance from others on specific risk assessment or risk
     management problems; inform others of useful information; and, in
     general, promote further communication regarding risk-related
     matters.  For assistance in posting announcements or reading entries
     on the Bulletin Board, contact Electronic Mail User's Support at FTS
     8-382-5639 or Earl Bozeman, Region IV, FTS 8-257-3776.

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Subject Index

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                                                              OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                        9-1
                                    CHAPTER 9
                                 SUBJECT INDEX
Acronyms,                       10-1--10-6  IRIS                                     3-8
Addresses, Data Bases,          3-40--3-46  Low-Dose Extrapolation,                   2-8.
Addresses, Data Files and Tapes, 4-9--4-10  Manuals,                            6-1--6-4
Animal-Bioassay Data,                  2-5  Models,                             5-1--5-23
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation,     2-8    atmospheric fate,            5-1--5-4,  5-16
Air Toxics Contacts                    8-3    dose-response,                   5-19--5-21
CERCLA,                           1-2,  C-l    EPA,                              5-1--5-16
Chemical Concentrations in                    exposure,                        5-13--5-16
   Environmental Media,         2-10--2-11    ground water fate,   5-11--5-13,  5-17--5-19
Comparisons of Molecular Structures,    2-7    multi-media,                          5-16
Data Bases,                      3-1--3-40    non-EPA,                         5-16--5-21
   EPA,                          3-1--3-16    references,                     5-21--5-25
   Non-EPA,                     3-16--3-40    surface water fate,   5-5--5-11,  5-16--5-17
Definitions,                    10-1--10-6  National Academy of  Sciences,             1-1
Data Files and Tapes,      •       4-1--4-9  OTS Chemical Assessment Desk,             8-4
   EPA,                           4-1--4-7  Periodicals,                        6-7--6-9
   Non-EPA,                       4-7--4-9  Personnel,  Human Resources,          8-1--8-5
Directories,                      6-S--6-7  Physical/Chemical Properties,  2-3—2-4,  2-10
Dose-Response Assessment,         2-7--2-9  Population  at Risk,                2-11--2-12
Environmental Effects,                2-13  Publications,                      7-1--7-10
Environmental Fate and Transport            References,                         7-1--7-10
   Characteristics,              2-10,  5-1  Regional Network for Risk
Environmental Risks,                  2-13    Assessment Issues,                      8-1
Epidemiologic Data,                    2-4  Risk Assessment Process        1-1. 2-1,  2-2
EPA Libraries                               Risk Assessment/Risk Manage-
   Data Base Access,            3-46--3-51    ment Bulletin Board,         •          8-4
Exposure Assessment,   2-9--2-12, 5-1,  7-4  Risk Characterization,       2-12--2-14,  7-6
Glossary,                       10-1--10-6  Short-Term  Studies,                       2-6
Hazard Characterization,          2-4--2-6  Structure Activity Relationships,         2-7
Hazard Identification,       2-1--2-7,  7-1  Substance Identification,                2-3
Health Assessment Network              8-3  Superfund Exposure
Human Risk Assessment,                2-14    Assessment Manual,                 1~2,  6-3
  carcinogens,                        2-14  Superfund Public Health
  non-carcinogens,                    2-14    Evaluation Manual             1~2, 6-3,  C-l
Information Systems Inventory          3-1  Toxicity Data,                           2-5

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Glossary

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                                                      OSWER  Directive  9285.6-1

                                   10-1
                                CHAPTER 10

               GLOSSARY AND  DEFINITION OF ACRONYMS
Absorption:  The uptake of a chemical substance through a membrane, by an
organism.  Absorption may be represented quantitatively sometimes  as  rate.

ACS:  American Chemical Society.

Acute/Subchronic Toxicity:   Immediate or short  term  response of an organism
to a single dose of a chemical substance through various routes of exposure.
Refers to generalized toxic response with lethality usually being  the observed
endpoint.  Includes LD  , LC  ,  LD   and other quantitative endpoints.
                      _> (J    j u    L*o
Adsorption Coefficient:   This  coefficient  is a quantification of the
adherance of a substance to a surface.   The transport,  degradation,  and
bioavailability of a substance are greatly affected by  it's adsorption
properties.

AQUIRE:  Aquatic  Information Retrieval  Data Base  -- a  component  of  SPHERE.

Behaviorial Toxicity:  Behavioral manifestations of an organism's  response
to a toxic substance.

Bioconcentration/Biomagnification:   The uptake and retention of a chemical
substance in an organism or in organs or tissues of an  organism
(bioconcentration).  An increase in the  tissue concentration of  organisms
higher in the food chain (biomagnification).

Boiling Point:  The boiling point is  the temperature at which a liquid
under standard atmospheric pressure changes to the gaseous state.

CA Index Name:  This is a unique, fully systematic  name assigned by the
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS).   A CA  Index Name may  be made up  of several
parts, each playing a specific role in the identification of a substance.  The
CA Index Name is sometimes referred to as the CAS Preferred Name.

CAS:  Chemical Abstracts Service.

CAS Registry Number:  A number consisting of up to 9 digits is  assigned by
the Chemical Abstracts Service to represent only one  chemical substance,
insofar as that substance has been elucidated and defined.  The  CAS Registry
Number is usually separated into 3 portions by hypens.   The first  portion,
starting from the left, has up to 6 digits, the second  portion has 2 digits
and the last portion consists of a single check digit which is used to
validate the entire Registry Number.

CBI:   Confidential Business  Information.

CDC:  Center for Disease Control.

CERCLA:  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,  and Liability
Act.

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                                                      OSWER Directive  9285.6-1

                                   10-2
CHEMD:   Chemical Directory  Data  Base.

Chemical description/composition:   In certain substances, the CAS
Index/Preferred Name may not  be sufficiently detailed enough to identify the
substance completely.  The chemical description/composition name may be useful
for those substances.

Chemical Incompatibility:  The capacity of a chemical substance to react
with another substance to produce  an undesired  product.

CHIP:   Chemical Hazard Information Profile.
                                                               *
Chronic Toxicity:  Response of an organism to repeated,  long-term exposure
to a chemical substance.

Color:   The aspects of a chemical  substance that may be  described in terms
of hue, lightness, and saturation.  Includes both qualitative and quantative
descriptions.

CPSC:   Consumer Product Safety Commission.

CSB:  U.S. EPA Chemical Screening Branch.

Decomposition Temperature:  The temperature at which heat causes the
chemical degradation of a substance into two or more substances.

Density:  Density is the mass of a liquid, or gas per unit volume of that
substance.

DERMAL:   A dermal exposure  database -- a component of  SPHERE.

DIALOG:   A commercial  vendor  of  on-line databases.

Dissociation Constant (K , K. ):   The dissociation constant  represents
the degree of ionization of acids  and bases in  solution.   It is usually
reported as the negative logarithm of the constant.

Distribution:  The internal transport and deposition of a chemical
substance in body fluids, tissues, and organs.   Distribution can be reported
quantitatively.

DOE:  U.S. Department of Energy.

EEFIS:  Environmental  Effects/Fate Information  System.

ENVIROFATE:   Environmental fate database --  a component  of SPHERE.

Environmental Characteristics:   These identify  and characterize the medium
that becomes contaminated, such as air,  ground  and surface water, or soil.
This category would include such things  as meteorological data (e.g., wind
speed and direction), surface and ground-water  characteristics (e.g., such as
flow velocities), and soil types and characteristics.

EPACASR:  EPA Chemical Activity Status Report.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   10-3
Epidemiology:  Study of the relationships of the various factors
determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in a human community.

Excretion:  Elimination of a chemical substance or its metabolites by an
organism.  Excretion can be represented quantitatively and may include rate.

Extractability:  This refers to the extractability of a substance by water
or other substances.

Eye  Irritation:  Reactions produced in the eye after exposure to a chemical
substance.

FDA:  U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Field Studies:   An  experiment  in which  organisms  are exposed to  a  chemical.
substance in a natural habitat or in an artificial habitat that is located
outside the laboratory and operated under natural conditions.

Flammable  Limits:  Flammable limits denote the concentration range at which
the flammable or explosive mixture will ignite and continue burning.

Flash Point:   The flash point  is the temperature at which a liquid or
volatile solid gives off vapor suffient to form an ignitable mixture with air.

GEMS:  Graphical Exposure Modeling System.

GENETOX:  Genetic Toxicology  System  --  a component  of  SPHERE.

GLOBAL:  An OTS indexing system of TSCA documents.

Henry's  Law Constant:  The Henry's Law  Constant  expresses  the  effect
pressure has on the solubility of a gas.

HERD:   U.S.  EPA Health and Environmental Review  Division.

Hydrolysis Rate:   The  rate of reaction of a  chemical  substance  with  water
to form a new substance or substances.

ISHOW:  Information System for Hazardous Organics  in Water.

Melting Point:   The melting point  is the  temperature at  which a  substance
changes from the solid to the liquid state.

Metabolism:  The physical or chemical alteration of a chemical substance by
an organism.

Molecular Formula:  This number is  a systematic summation of the  actual
numbers and kinds of options present in a molecule at a chemical substance.

Molecular Weight:  A summation of the individual atmoic weights based on
the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a chemical substance.

Mutagenicity:  The capacity to cause an adverse effect on a genetic system.

NAS:  National Academy of Sciences.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   10-4


NCI:   National  Cancer  Institute.

NCR:  National Contingency Plan.

Neurotoxicity:   Observed effects to the nervous  system caused by exposure
to a chemical substance.  Includes effects to neuromuscular transmissions  and
pathological changes in nerves, spinal cord,  or brain.

NIH:   National  Institutes  of  Health.

NIOSH:  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
                                         t
NOAA:   National  Oceanographic and Atmospheric  Administration.

NTIS:   National Technical  Information Service.

Odor:   A description of the smell  of  a chemical.

OHEA:   U.S. EPA  Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.

OHM-TADS:  Oil  and Hazardous Materials  - Technical  Assistance Data  System.

OHR:  U.S. EPA Office  of Health Research.

Oncogenicity:  Tumor formation observed in organisms in response to
exposure to a chemical  substance.   May include number, type, site,  growth  rate
and ability to  metastasize of  tumor.

OPP:   U.S.  EPA Office  of Pesticide Programs.

ORD:  U.S. EPA Office  of Research and Development.

ORP:  U.S.  EPA Office  of Radiation Programs.

OSHA:   Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

OSW:  U.S.  EPA Office  of Solid Wastes.

OTS:  U.S.  EPA Office  of Toxic Substances.

Particle  Size:  The average diameter of the individual particles in a
particular solid.

Partition Coefficient (log P):   The  n-octanol/water partition, coefficient
is the ratio of a substance's  concentration in water-saturated octanol divided
by it's concentration in octanol-saturated water at equilibrium.  The
partition coefficient provides an  indication of a substance's ability to
bioconcentrate  in organisms and can also be used to calculate retardation
factors of various contaminants in ground water.

PENTA:   An enhanced version  of the Technical Data  Indexing System  (TDIS).

PHRED:   Public Health Risk Evaluation Data;  a  database..

PMN:  Premanufacturing Notification.

-------
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   10-5
pH:   A  value which  represents  the  acidity or alkalinity of a solution.  It
is defined as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion
concentration.

Physical State:   Whether  or  not the substance is  a gas, liquid, or a solid
under ambient or other given conditions.

RCRA:   Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act.

Reproductive Toxicity:   Observed effects on reproductive organs or
reproductive performance of an organism.   Includes  egg laying,  fertilization,
number of offspring, and reproduction.

Relative Vapor Density:  Relative  Vapor Density  is the ratio of the weight
of a gas to the weight of an equal quantity of air.

Route of Exposure:   The route of exposure is the mode by  which humans or
the environment is exposed to a chemical substance.   For  example,  route of
exposure may be dermal contact or inhalation, and route of environmental
exposure may be air, water, or land.

RTECS:  Registry of  Toxic  Effects of  Chemical  Substances.

Sensitization:   A response of the immune system (an allergic reaction)  of a
organism caused by its being exposed to a chemical substance.

Skin  Irritation:  Local inflammatory response of the skin  observed after
exposure to a chemical substance.  Exposure can be a single,  repeated, or
prolonged contact.

Solubility:   The solubility of a substance in water (or other solvent)  is
the weight of the dissolved substance per volume water of  solution in  water
(or other solvent) when the solution is at equilibrium with an excess  of the
substance,  i.e., saturated at a specific temperature.  This definition is
limited to homogeneous materials.

SPHERE:   Scientific  Parameters in Health  and  the Environment; Retrieval  and
Estimation Databases.

Sublethal Toxicity:  Response of an organism  exposed  to a  chemical
substance that results in effects other than mortality including:   behavioral,
reproductive, growth and physiological effects.

Sublimation Temperature:  The temperature at which the partial pressure of
a vapor in equilibrium with a solid substance is equal to one atmosphere.

Synonyms:  The  chemical synonym may be a non-systematic chemical name, a
common name, a trade name,  a class name, a code, or a trivial name.

TDIS:  Technical Data Indexing System.

Teratogenicity:  Abnormalities observed in offspring of females exposed in
utero, and developmental delays, or fetal death.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   10-6


Transport/Transformation Characteristics and  Partitioning:   Partitioning
refers to the relative distribution of a chemical among environmental media
while transport refers to the potential movement of the chemical from one
media compartment to another.  Transformation  refers to a chemical's change in
structure.  Major processes that effect transformation are photolysis,
oxidation, hydrolysis, biotransformation,  and  the transport media
characteristics.

TSCA:  Toxic Substances Control Act.

TSCATS:   Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions -- an indexing
system.

USDA:  U.S. Department of Agriculture.

USGS:  U.S. Geological Survey.

Vapor Pressure:   The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure which a
vapor, in a closed container and in equilibrium with its solid or liquid form,
exerts on the enclosing walls.

Viscosity:   The internal  resistance of  a liquid substance to flow.

-------
Appendices

-------
                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   A-l


                                APPENDIX A

                    INFORMATION  RESOURCE MATRICES
         RESOURCES  VS. DATA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES
    This appendix presents  three  sets  of matrices which match data categories
and sub-categories (described  below) against major information resources.  The
purpose of the matrices  is  to  document the  types of information (i.e., data
categories or data sub-categories)  available in the major information
resources.  While non-bibliographic computerized information resources are
matched against data sub-categories, both bibliographic data bases and manual
resources are indexed by data  categories only.  It would have been technically
infeasible to match bibliographic data bases and manual resources against data
sub-categories.

    The first set of matrices matches data subcategories against
computerized non-bibliographic data bases.  This set of matrices establishes
the relationships between information  resources and data by indicating the
specific types of data,  i.e.,  data  subcategories that  are available in these
information resources.   In  using  these matrices, users may want to consult
simultaneously the resource attributes matrices in Appendix B  in  order  to
obtain a complete understanding about  the availabilities as well as the
searchabilities of data  bases.

    The second set of matrices  matches data categories against computerized
bibliographic data bases.   This establishes the availabilities of major types
of data, i.e., data categories, in  the bibliographic data bases.  Again, users
are urged to consult the resource attributes matrices  on bibliographic data
bases in Appendix B for a complete characterization  of the  source.

    The third set of matrices in this section matches data categories
against manual information  resources.   A matrix outline is included in this
section.  For each of these manual  sources  listed in the matrices, its major
search attributes are included and  indexed.  Wherever  a manual source is
available at EPA, it is  so  indicated in the matrices.

    When scanning a matrix, the user may wish  to use the Data Category and
Sub-Category definitions included Section A.I  in order to decode the
information presented.   (For this draft of  the Directory, the matrices do not
include all information  resources,  but only 20-25 of the more useful data
bases.)


A.I  DEVELOPMENT OF DATA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES*

    This section classifies user  information requirements into the following
four major data categories:
    * The data categories and subcategories  described  in this section were
developed from those given in the OTS Information  Architecture Notebook, dated
1983.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   A-2
         •    Hazard Identification
         •    Dose-Response Assessment
         •    Exposure Assessment
         •    Risk Characterization

Within each of the four major data categories, subcategories are identified.
A sub-category is not necessarily a data element; it may, in some cases,
represent a group of data elements.

    The classification of data categories and subcategories is a complex and
difficult task.  There is probably no one single "correct" way of categorizing
the types of technical data that are needed.  Therefore, some of the data
categories  were developed partially based on specific information
requirements for certain types of analyses as defined in Chapter 2.
However, certain data categories, e.g., Physical/Chemical Properties, may
reflect the traditional grouping of data elements from an information
management standpoint, and do not necessarily align themselves with specific
types of analyses.  Physical/chemical properties data, for example, are used
in support of Hazard Identification and Exposure Assessment.

    In determining how certain subcategories should be listed under a specific
data category, two factors were taken into consideration.  First, a
sub-category is placed under a data category which, from a hierarchical.
standpoint, is the most logical parent of that subcategory.  Second, if a
subcategory can be logically placed under more than one major category, that
subcategory is then listed under the more appropriate category.

    To facilitate use and understanding of the data categories and their
sub-categories, several data organization techniques are used.  First, a scope
note is included for each major data category, describing the scope or special
features of that category (a scope note is, nevertheless, not a definition
and, therefore, does not define a category).  Second, a definition (in some
cases, a scope note) is developed for each subcategory (see Glossary).  Third,
where a subcategory may be logically placed under more than a single major
category, the more appropriate category is chosen to incorporate that
sub-category and its definition.  The same term is repeated under the less
appropriate category without a definition, and a "See" reference is used
referring the reader to the more appropriate category.

    In using this section of the Directory, the following must be taken into
cons iderat ion:

    1.   For each data category, only those subcategories that are needed for
risk characterization are included.  Therefore, a category may not include all
of the possible subcategories.

    2.   Some of the subcategories represent the types of information that are
not readily available in either the open literature or existing information
resources.

    3.   The definitions for the subcategories are not necessarily the types
of definitions that can be found in a text book or a dictionary.  Many of the
definitions are scope notes describing what is covered under a subcategory.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                     A-3
    A. 1.1  Hazard Identification

    Data sub-categories that are listed below are those that are needed to
identify the hazard associated with a specific chemical.

    SubCategories

         1.   Substance Identification
         2.   Physical/Chemical Properties
         3.   Hazard Characterization
         4.   Comparisons of Molecular Structures

    1.   Substance Identification.   This involves the identification of a
substance based upon its commonly used names and synonyms,  chemical formula
and composition, and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers.

    2.   Physical/Chemical Properties.  These properties  indicate the
potential for a chemical substance to migrate through environmental media as
well as the health effects that the chemical will have.  Some
physical/cheimcal properties relevant to hazard identification include;
solubility, adsorbtion coefficient, hydrolysis rate,  physical state, partition
coefficient,  molecular weight, etc.

    3.   Hazard Characterization.  This involves an assessment of various
hazards and health ef-fects associated with a specific chemical.  The hazard
characterization can be done by using data from epidemiologic,
animal-bioassay, and short-term studies done for the chemical in question.

    4.   Comparisons of Molecular Structures.  Because properties and
toxicities may sometimes be similar for different but related chemicals, it
may be necessary to compare chemical molecular structures.   Molecular
structure information often makes it easier to make exact distinctions between
two chemicals with similar formulas.

    A. 1.2  Dose-Response Assessment (Toxicokinetic and Bioeffects)

    Study results on dose-response reactions of specific chemials often
contain raw pharmacological data which must be extrapolated in order to be
applied to risk assessments.  Data subcategories listed below are the types of
operations that must be applied to pharmacological data in order to
extrapolate the results to risk characterization.

    SubCategories

         1.   Low-Dose Extrapolation
         2.   Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
         3.   Route Extrapolation
         4.   Duration Extrapolation

    1.   Low-Dose Extrapolation.  Studies on health effects involving either
humans or laboratory animals exposed to doses higher than anticipated in the
environment.   Mathematical extrapolation is necessary to estimate the response
at lower environmental doses.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   A-4
    2.   Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation.  Studies on health effects are
also often done with laboratory animals.  Extrapolation of animal-dose
responses is necessary to use the study results to predict human dose
responses.

    3.   Route Extrapolation.  Studies are occasionally unavailable for the
exposure route of interest, so dose-response relationships must be inferred or
extrapolated from data on another exposure route.  This extrapolation is
usually used for estimating route- or media-specific criteria levels and
standards.

    4.   Duration Extrapolation.  Dose-response studies covering relatively
short periods are frequently inadequate for evaluating chronic exposures.
Therefore,  longer term dose-response or dose-severity relationships must be
inferred from subchronic and shorter term studies.

    A. 1.3  Exposure Assessment

    What the concentration will be at an exposure point and information on the
population susceptible to exposure can be determined by factors listed in the
subcategories below.  The exposure to a contaminant can be through air, soil,
or water.

    Subcategories

         1.   Physical/Chemical Properties
         2.   Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
         3.   Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
         4.   Population at Risk
         5.   Exposure Route, Magnitude & Duration

    1.   Physical/Chemical Properties.  See Section A.1.1.

    2.   Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics.  These refer to
characteristics which determine environmental fate and transport of both the
chemical in question and of the environmental media through which transport is
ocurring.  Relevant chemical characteristics include such parameters as
partition coefficient and solubility, while relevant environmental media
characteristics include such things as soil type and wind direction.

    3.   Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media.  These can be
determined through the use of fate and transport models and monitoring data.
Once they are determined, estimations of concentrations at specific exposure
points can be made to further characterize the risk.

    4.   .Population at Risk.  In order to fully characterize a risk, it is
necessary to quantify the population susceptable to exposure.  This can be
approached using information from a variety of sources, including zoning maps
or lists of ground or surface water users near a specific site.

    5.   Exposure, Route, Magnitude, & Duration  These determine what
population will be exposed and to what magnitude the exposure will be.  They
are determined by factors mentioned above along with data on environmental
persistence and bioaccumulation rates of specific chemicals.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   A-5
    A. 1.4   Risk  Characterization

    Once the concentration of a chemical substance at an exposure point is
estimated,  it is then possible to determine health effects which may result.
The following sub-categories are various effects that a contaminant may have
on health.

    Subcategories/Definitions

          1.  Environmental Effects
          2.  Human Risk Assessment

    1.   Environmental Effects.  Environmental effects from exposure to
chemical substances include both aquatic and terrestrial effects.  Aquatic
effects are those which occur on aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates as well
as vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants.  Terrestrial effects are those
which occur on terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates as well as vascular
and non-vascular terrestrial plants.

    2.   Human Risk Assessment.  This involves a quantification of both
carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.  Human risk assessment is following
the exposure assessment which indicates exposure amounts, susceptable
populations, and durations of exposure.

-------
A.2  INFORMATION MATRIX—NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
        BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES

Data Base
EPA
CECATS
GTDMIS
OIIM-TAUt;
SPHtKE
- AQUIkli
- DADB
- ENVIKOI-'ATI-:
- CKNKTOX
- II.IIUW
Hazard
Identification
Substance
Identification

X

X





X
Physical/Chemical
Properties



X



X

X
Hazard
Characterization
EpidemioloQic
Date

X
X
X


X



Animal-
Bioassy
Data

X
X
X

X
X



Short-Term
Studies

X
X
X

X
X



Comparison of
Molecular
Structures










Oose-
Response
Assessment
Low-Dose
Extrapolation






X



Animal To Human
Dose
Extrapolation






X



Exposure
Assessment
thysical/Chemicel
Properties



X



X

X
Environmental
/ate and
Transport
Characteristics







X


c
«2
Chemical
Concentration
Environmen
Media

-








Population
at Risk










«*
Us
• 3*.
5r-
• ~3
ss°
x2
UJ



X






1
ft Ink
Characterization
Human
. Risk
Assessment
•
c
•
f»
o
c
u
k.
•
u



X


X



Non-
Carcinogens


-
X


X

X

—
Environment
Effects





X


X


-------
A.2  INFORMATION MATRIX— NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
        BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES (continued)
Data Base
Non-EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE DATA BASE
- CHEMFATE
HAZARDLINE

RTECS
TOXICOLOGY
DATA BANK
TOXLINE
Hazard
Identification
Substance
Identification



X
X

X
X


*
Exposure Ra
Magnitude <
Duration










Risk
Characterization
Human
, Risk
Assessment
Carcinogens




x •

X
X

X
N.on-
^arcinogens




X

X
X

X

-------
A.3. INFORMATION MATRIX—BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES
              VS. DATA CATEGORIES
Data Ba>«
EPA

CRIB
EPA CASR
SPHERE

Non-EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASE
- CATALOG
- BIOLOG
ENVIROLINE

NIOSHTIC
TOXLINE
- HEEP
- CBAC
- HAYES FILE ON PESTICIDES
- HMTC
- PESTICIDES ABSTRACTS
- TMIC
- TOXICITY BIBLIOGRAPHY
- RPROJ
- TD3












Hazard
Identification


X
X
X



X

X



X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X













Dose-Response
Assessment



X
X




X
X

X

X
X
X


X
X
X













Exposure
Assessment


X
X




X

X
























Risk
Characterization


X
X
X




X
X

X

X
X
X


X
X
X














-------
A.4  INFORMATION MATRIX—MANUAL SOURCES
         VS. DATA CATEGORIES
Title of Source
MANUALS •
ENDN'AG'SRMENT" ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK
GEMS USER'S GUIDE
GUIDANCE TO FEASIBILITY STUDIES UNDER
CERCLA
GUIDANCE ON REMEDIAL INVESTIGATIONS
UNDER CERCLA
SUMMARY CHEMICAL INFORMATION PROFILE
USERS MANUAL
3UPERFUND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MANUAL
SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION
MANUAL
TOXICOLOGY HANDBOOK, PRINCIPALS RELATED
TO HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE INVESTIGATIC!
USERS GUIDE TO CASR

DIRECTORIES
CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES STATUS REPORT
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITY REPORT
' DIRECTORY OF ONLINE DATA BASES
FEDERAL DATA BASE FINDER
GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT: THE USE OF
NUMERICAL MODELS
INDUSTRY PROGRAM INTERACTION MATRIX: A
GUIDE TO SELECTED PERSONNEL WHO ARE
FAMILIER WITH SELECTED INDUSTRIES
INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY.
MANAGER'S GUIDE TO EPA ACTIVITIES ON
• TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
NIOSH PUBLICATION CATALOG
NTIS DIRECTORY OF COMPUTERIZED DATA FILE
OTS INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE NOTEBOOK
THE STATUS OF CHEMICALS IN THE SPECIAL
REVIEW PROGRAM, REGISTRATION PROGRAM
AND DATA CALL-IN PROGRAM
Hazard
Identification

X



Y

X

X
X

X
s
X


X
X
X
X


X


X
X

X
X
X
Y


Dose -Response
Assessment

X

X





X
X

X






X
X





X


X
X
X
Y


Exposure
Assessment

X
X
x

x



X
X



X




X
X
X









X



Hlsk
Characterization

X

x



X

X
X

X






X
X
X




X
X

X
X
X
Y



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                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                     B-l
                                APPENDIX  B

                   INFORMATION  RESOURCES MATRICES
                      RESOURCES  VS. ATTRIBUTES
    This appendix presents the resource  attributes of the major computerized
data bases that can be used in support of  the  types of analyses required in
performing risk assessments.   Noncomputerized  resources are included in
Chapters  6  & 7 of the Directory  since they have few significantly different
attributes.
          i

    There are two types of resource  attributes  that are used to describe a
computerized information resource,  i.e., search attributes and system
attributes.   While search attributes pertain mainly to the searchability and
retrieval features of the data,  system attributes describe characteristics of
the system,  including hardware and  software used and access mode.  The search
and system attributes of online data bases define for the user what features,
information, and capabilities are available.   The intent of this appendix of
the Directory is to make the user aware  of the variety of information
resources available, to help the user decide which attributes can facilitate
access, and to assist the user in selecting the most appropriate resource(s)
to solve the information problems.

    This appendix contains three parts.  The first part is the matrix outline,
listing resource attributes in a hierarchial format and includes definitions
(or sometimes scope notes) and codings for the attributes.  Following the
definitions are two matrices matching search and system attributes against
computerized information resources.   In  these  matrices, the attributes are
listed on the horizontal axis in the same  sequence as they appear in the
hierarchial listing.  The computerized information resources are placed on the
vertical axis of the matrix and are divided into, two main groups, i.e.,
bibliographic data bases and non-bibliographic data bases.  Within each of
these two groups, the systems are listed in alphabetical sequence and are
divided into EPA and non-EPA data bases.   In the matrix, the information
resources are either indexed by a "x" symbol or by some other alphanumeric
notation.  For explanations on the  notations used in the matrix, consult the
attributes definitions in this Appendix.   (For this version of the Directory,
the matrices do not include all information resources, but only 20-25 of the
more useful data bases.)


B.I.   INFORMATION  RESOURCES/ATTRIBUTES MATRIX OUTLINE

    Definitions for the column headings  in the data base search and system
attribute matrix are provided below in the order in which they appear in the
matrix.  A key is also provided for the  various symbols entered in the matrix.

    B.1.1   Search Attributes

         1.    Chemical Searching
         2.    Subject Searching
         3.    Alphanumeric Searching
         4.    Bibliographic Information  Searching

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   B-2
         5.    Logical Searching
         6.    Search Aids

    1.   Chemical Searching - This column indicates whether or not there are
chemical-specific search and retrieval capabilities and, if so, what chemical
search options are available.  Chemicals can be searched by:

         S  - substructure
         CR - chemical reference number
         NM - name match

         2.   Subject .Searching.  An "X" in this column indicates that
specific concepts, .topics, and/or descriptions can be searched and retrieved.

         3.   Alpha/Numeric Searching.   An "X" in this column indicates that
specific numeric or alpha-numeric data are available and can be searched and
retrieved.

         4.   Bibliographic Information.  An "X" in this column means that
bibliographic information (referring to the document from which data were
extracted) can be either used as the object of a search and/or displayed in
retrieved records.  This type of information may include such things as
author, title, year of publication, journal title (if applicable), language
type, and abstract.

         5.   Logical Searching.  This  column indicates whether or not there
may be manipulation of search terms to provide more specific or comprehensive
searches.  Logical searching may be:

         FS -  field specific; capability to search selected specific fields
               (indirect search or serial search)

         BWF - Boolean logic within fields; using logical operations ("and,"
               "or," and "not") to show relationships between sets of terms
               involving the same field of data

         BAF - Boolean logic across fields; logical operators can be used to
               link separate fields.

         6.   Search Aids.  This column shows whether or not there is tutorial
help available on searching the data base or on describing the file contents.

    B.I.2  System Attributes

         1.    File Size and Use
              -Number .of Records
              -Number of Chemicals
         2.    Data Base Characteristics
              -Update Cycle
              -Cost
              -Coverage Period
         3.    System Access
              -Source

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   B-3
              -Status
              -Interactive
              -Restricted Access
         4.    Hardware
              -Computer Utilized
              -Computer Owner
         5.    Software
              -Program Language
              -Command Language
         6.    System User Aids

    1.   File Size and Use. This denotes the number of records available in
the data base, where a record is a unit of related information (e.g., a record
is generally meant to include all the information stored for a particular
document in a bibliographic data base).   It also denotes the number of unique
chemicals, substances, formulations, generic classes, etc., in a data base.

    2.   Data Base Characteristics

         Update Cycle - Shows the frequency of additions to the records in
         the data base.  The key to the letters in this column is as follows:

              C -  closed
              D -  daily
              W -  weekly
              BW-  biweekly
              M -  monthly
              BM-  bimonthly
              Q -  quarterly
              SA-  semiannually
              A -  annually
              I -  irregular

         Cost - Itemizes the cost (dollars) per connect hour.  This does not
         include subscription fees, print costs, or telecommunication fees.

         Coverage Period - Shows the span of coverage represented by the data
         base contents.  No date on the most recent end of a range (e.g.,
         1971-) indicates that coverage is to the present.

         Content Type - This column denotes specific characteristics of the
         date base's information according to:

         U -  unpublished data; data is not in the public domain (e.g.,
              communications, private files, etc.)

         0 -  ongoing research; contains references to research which is in
              progress

         I -  international sources; data taken from non-U.S. sources either
              entirely or in addition to U.S. sources.

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                                                  OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                               B-4
3.   System Access

     Source - Shows the availability of the data base to the end user,
     where:

     C = commercial
     P = private

     Status - Denotes the current availability of a data base, where:

     D = developed
     u = under development

     Interactive - If this column is marked with an "X," the system
     allows the user to input instructions, receive a response, and then
     modify or manipulate the results.

     Restricted Access - An "X" in this column indicates that the data
     base is available to a limited user community (e.g., contains
     confidential data, is available only for "in-house" use, etc.)

4.   Hardware

     Computer Utilized - This column denoted the specific hardware in
     which the data base resides, where:

          VAX = VAX 11/780
          IBM = IBM
          UNI = Univac

     Computer Owner - This column shows the organization which owns or
     leases the hardware, where:

          EPA = EPA
          C   = contractor
          D   = developer of data base

5.   Software

     Program Language - This column shows the defined set of
     characteristics and rules used for writing the computer routine
     (e.g.,  COBOL, PL/1, BASIC).

     Command Language - Provides direct interface with the central
     processing unit and determines data entry and editing facilities,
     submission and retrieval capabilities, and utility and data set
     manipulation functions (e.g., TSO, ELHILL).

6.   System User Aids - An "X" in this column indicates that there is
     documentation available for the user to facilitate interaction with
     the system.                                                -

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B.2  INFORMATION MATRIX—DATA BASE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES
Data Base
EPA
CECATS
EPA CASR
OHM- TADS
SPHERE
- AQUIRE
- CHEMFATE
~R§§O^TION
- GENETOX
- I SHOW

File Size
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B.2  INFORMATION MATRIX—DATA BASE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES (continued)
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B.3 INFORMATION MATRIX—DATA BASE
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B.3 INFORMATION MATRIX—DATA BASE
        SEARCH ATTRIBUTES (continued)
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                                                     OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   C-l


                                APPENDIX  C

                   INFORMATION  RESOURCES AND THE
           SUPERFUND  PUBLIC HEALTH  EVALUATION  MANUAL
    This appendix is intended to serve  as  a  reference for information sources
when the Superfund Public Health Evaluation  Manual and the Superfund Exposure
Assessment Manual do not contain the specific  information required to evaluate
the potential risks posed by a chemical identified at a Superfund site.  To
simplify the task of finding data,  the  information sources in this appendix of
the Directory are listed under sub-headings  that  reflect the five steps of the
public health evaluation process as described  in  Chapters 3 through 7 of the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation  Manual.   Specifically, the information
categories are related to the following functions:

         •    Selection of Indicator Chemicals
         •    Estimation of Exposure Point Concentrations of Indicator
              Chemicals
         •    Estimation of Chemical Intakes
         •    Toxicity Assessment
         •    Risk Characterization

    This appendix of the Directory  summarizes  available data bases and data
files and tapes to aid users of the Manual in  finding specific sources of
information as needed.  Other types of  information resources, such as models,
manuals, directories, periodicals,  general publications, and people, may also
be useful in providing needed information  for  the public health evaluation
process.  For example, Health Effects Assessment  Documents (see Section 7.2 of
this Directory) provide useful exposure level  data.  Therefore, the user of
this appendix should, in addition to reviewing the data bases and data files
and tapes identified here, review Chapters 5,  6,  7,  and 8 of the Directory to
identify other important information resources.

    Exhibit C-l outlines the steps  of the  public  health evaluation process and
identifies potential information requirements  associated with each step in the
process.  For each of the sub-headings  of  information requirements, there is a
descriptive statement about the purpose and  type  of  information needed,
followed by a listing of the major  relevant  data  bases and data files and
tapes.  Chapters 3 and 4 of the Directory  can  then be used to characterize
more fully and gain access to particular information resources.


C.I   SELECTION  OF  INDICATOR CHEMICALS

    The Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual recommends that if there are
fewer than 10 to 15 chemicals actually  identified at a hazardous waste site
all of them should be evaluated for their  potential  public health risk at the
site.  For those circumstances when there  are  many chemicals at a site, the
Manual includes two information sources, Appendices  C and D, which contain
information that allows the "highest risk" chemicals to be identified.
Appendix C contains data on the toxicity,  mobility,  and persistence of

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                                                   EXHIBIT  C-1
                                   STEPS INVOLVED IN THE SUPERFUND
                                 PUBLIC  HEALTH EVALUATION PROCESS
SELECTION
OF
INDICATOR
CHEMICALS


ESTIMATION
OF
EXPOSURE POINT
CONCENTRATIONS


ESTIMATION
OF
CHEMICAL
INTAKES


TOXICITY
ASSESSMENT


RISK
CHARACTERIZATION
• Toxicity
• Physical/
  Chemical
  Characteristics
Identify Exposure Pathways
Estimate Exposure Point
Concentratins
Compare to Requirements
Standards, and Criteria
Calculate Air Intake
Calculate Ground Water
Intake
Calculate Surface Water
Intake
Calculate Total Intake
• Carcinogenic Effects
• Non-Carcinogenic Effects

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   C-3
specific chemicals, whereas Appendix D presents more detailed methods for
deriving indicator scores for chemicals not listed in Appendix C.   The
selection of indicator chemicals is based on contaminant toxicities and
physical/chemical properties, and useful sources for these two types of data
are presented separately below.

    C.1.1   Evaluate Chemical Toxicity

    Toxicity data include information on the response of an organism to a dose
of a chemical substance through various routes of exposure.  Such data may be
for chronic toxicity or acute/subacute toxicity and may represent acute,
subchronic or chronic exposure durations.  The following are data bases,
files, and tapes that are useful sources of toxicity data.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1 for details)

         •    ACUTE HAZARDS DATA         •    HEOX
              AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE   •    IRIS
         •    CECATS                     •    NEUROTOXICITY DATA
         •    CRIB                       •    OHM-TADS
         •    EEFIS                      •    ORALTOX
              CSDCLEANS                  •    PDAS
         •    DEEP                       •    PDMS
         •    EPACASR                    •    PHRED
         •    GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH   •    RAD
                IMPACT EVALUATION        •    SPHERE
              GI                         •    STARA
              GTDMIS                     •    WBC

    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2 for details)

              ACS JOURNALS ONLINE        •    EMBASE
              AGRICOLA                   •    ENVIROLINE
         •    AQUALINE                   •    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
         •    ASFA                       •    HSDB
         •    BIOSIS                     •    HAZARDLINE
         •    CBDS                       •    MEDLINE
         •    CCRIS                      •    NIOSHTIC
         •    CESARS                     •    NTIS
         •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE          •    NPIRS
         •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:         •    OHS-MSDS
                CHEMICALS IN HUMAN       •    PASCAL
                TISSUES AND FLUIDS       •    PROFILE
         •    CHEMLINE                   •    RTECS
         •    CLEARINGHOUSE ON           •    TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
                HEALTH INDEXES           •    TOXLINE
         •    CTCP

    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1 for details)

              ETHOX
         •    FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
         •    GASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
         •    ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
         •    TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
         •    TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   C-4
     C.I.2  Physical/Chemical Properties

     The  data bases  listed under this heading are useful sources of information
 for physical/chemical properties, which may be needed to select indicator
 chemicals.

     EPA  Data Bases  (see Section 3.1 for details)
              CHEMD
              GEMS
              OHM-TADS
              PDMS
PHRED
SPHERE
TSDF
     Non-EPA Data Bases  (see Section 3.2 for details)
              CA SEARCH
          •    CASSI                      •
          •    CESARS                     •
              CHEMLINE
          •    CHEMTRAN                   •
          •    CIS                        •
              DARC
              DORTMUND VLE DATA BANK
          •    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
                DATA BASES
     EPA Data Files and Tapes  (see Section 4.1)

          •    WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
HAZARDLINE.
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RNSS
 C.2  ESTIMATION OF EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATIONS

     This  step  in the  process described in the Superfund Public Health
 Evaluation Manual  involves estimating baseline environmental concentrations of
 indicator chemicals so that the extent and duration of human exposure can be
 determined.  Often at Superfund sites, contamination may not yet-have reached
 a  point of human exposure.  In those cases, it is therefore necessary to
 estimate  where and to what extent exposure will take place.  This can be done
 through the use of chemical fate and transport models (see Chapter 5 of this
 directory).

     The steps  involved in estimating exposure point concentrations in various
 types  of  environmental media include:

          •     Identifying Exposure Pathways
          •     Estimating Exposure Point Concentrations
          •     Comparing to Requirements, Standards, and Criteria

 Various types  of data, including chemical and environmental media properties,
 are needed to  use  fate and transport models to estimate exposure point
 concentrations.  Once the estimates are made, it is necessary to compare them
.to exposure limits for the chemicals.

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   C-5
    C.2.1   Identify Exposure Pathways

    The pathway that a chemical will take towards an exposure point depends on
the characteristics of the site and of the transport media,  be it air,
surface, or ground water.  These characteristics include such things as ground
water flow direction or wind direction.   The following informational resources
are useful in identifying exposure pathways.  Because this step is highly site
specific, however, relatively few resources are listed.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    GEMS
         •    STORET

    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

         •    DMS                        •    WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
         •    MWDI                       •    WRSIC
              NERDES                     •    WATERNET
         •    WDSD                       •    WATSTORE

    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

         •    SAROAD

    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)

         •    AOWF                       •    STAR
              ADR                        •    SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP
         •    BASIC WELL DATA FOR               ELEMENT
                PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796   •    SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
         •    GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
         •    INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS

    C.2.2   Estimate Exposure Point Concentrations

    Where monitoring data do not exist or where contaminants have not yet
reached exposure points, mathematical models can be used to predict
concentrations.  Fate and transport  models listed in  Chapter 5 of this
directory can aid in this step.

    In addition, there are several available data bases and data files and
tapes which contain information on chemical concentrations in environmental
media:

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    AIRTOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE    •    MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
         •    EERF                       •    PDMS
         •    ERFD                       •    STORET
         •    GEMS                       •    TSDF

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                                   C-6
                                                      OSWER  Directive 9285.6-1
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
              DMS
              MWDI
              NEDRES
              NGWIC
              NPIRS
•    SIRS
•    WDSD
     WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
•    WATERLINE
•    WATSTORE
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

         •    CHAMP                      •   EPID
         •    CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED       •   SAROAD
              IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA

    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
              ADR
              AOWF
              BASIC WELL DATA FOR
              PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
              GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
              INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
              NASQAN
              MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
     STABILITY ARRAY
     SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY
     CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
     SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
     U.S.  SOIL TEMPERATURES
     VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS
     IN THE ATMOSPHERE:  AN
     ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
    C.2.3  Compare to Requirements,  Standards, and  Criteria

    Once estimates of exposure point concentrations  are  made,  it  is  necessary
to compare these estimates to existing health standards  and  limits  for  the
indicator chemicals.   The following resources are useful in  finding  these data.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    EPACASR
         •    IRIS

    Non-EPA Data Files (see Section 3.2)

         •    CHEMICAL REGULATION
                REPORTER
         •    CHEMLAW
         •    CHEMLINE
         •    CRGS
         •    CTCP
         •    ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
                NEWS
     PHRED
     HSDB
     HAZARDLINE
     NIOSHTIC
     OCIS
     OHS-MSDS
     RTECS
     WATERLINE
     WATERNET
C.3  ESTIMATION  OF CHEMICAL  INTAKES

    In order to assess the potential adverse health effects  associated with a
site, it is necessary to determine the amount of human exposure to the
indicator chemicals.  Human exposure is expressed in terms of intake,  which is

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   C-7
the amount of substance taken into the body per unit body weight per length of
time.  The intakes are calculated separately for various environmental media.
The steps involved in estimating overall intake are:

         •    Calculate Air Intake
         •    Calculate Ground Water Intake
         •    Calculate Surface Water Intake
         •    Combine Pathway-Specific Intakes to Yield Total Intake

    Intake should be calculated both as subchronic daily intake (SDI) and as
chronic daily intake (GDI).  This can be calculated from data on exposure
concentrations, and vital statistics on the exposed population.

    C.3.1  Calculate Air Intake

    Human intake of contaminants in air is dependant upon the contaminant
concentration, the frequency and volume of inhalations, the duration of
exposure, and particulate size.  The following information resources are
useful in calculating air intakes.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE   •    GEMS
              CRIB                       •    INHALATION LITERATURE
         •    ERFD                       •    TSDF
              EERF                       •    WBC

    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

         •    NOHS

    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

              CHAMP

    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)

         •    VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

    C.3.2  Calculate Ground-Water  Intake

    Human exposure to contaminated ground water can occur from wells used as a
drinking water source.  The degree of exposure depends on the concentration of
the contaminant in drinking water, the amount consumed per day, and the
duration of exposure.  The following information resources are useful in
calculating ground water intakes.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    GEMS

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1

                                   C-8
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

         •    MWDI
         •    WATERLINE
         •    WATERNET
         •    WATSTORE

    C.3.3  Calculate Surface Water Intake

    Intake of contaminants from surface water can occur from both ingestion of
surface water or from ingestion of contaminated fish.   Intake from surface
water occurs when the surface water is used as a drinking water source.   As
with ground water, the intake depends on the amount ingested per day and the
duration of exposure.  Intake from contaminated fish depends upon the
contaminant concentrations in the fish, the amount of fish consumed, and the
duration of exposure.  The following information resources can be used in
calculating intakes from surface water.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    -GEMS                       •     STORE!
         •    LAMS

    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

         •    ASFA                       •     WATERNET
         •    MWDI                       •     WATSTORE
         •    WATERLINE             .     •     WDSD

    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes

         •    NASQAN
         •    WATSTORE

    C.3.4  Combine Pathway-Specific  Intakes to Yield Total Intake

    In this step, the above calculations of intake from air, ground, and
surface water are totaled to calculate an upper bound on the total exposure.
Section 5.5 of the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual gives details on
how this is accomplished.  Information resources in the above three sections
can be used to determine total exposure.


C.4   TOXICITY  ASSESSMENT

    The toxicity assessment is done to determine critical toxicity values in
the Superfund health evaluation process.  This information is used in
conjunction with results of the exposure assessment to characterize risk.  In
the manual, reference doses (rfds), and evaluations by EPA's Carcinogen
Assessment Group reported in Health Effects Assessment Documents (HEAs)  are
listed in Appendix C to serve as a consistent source of critical toxicity
values.  In situations where Appendix C does not contain the necessary data

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                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
                                   C-9
for all indicator chemicals at a site,  the EPA Office of Environmental
Criteria and Assessment (Cincinnati) should be contacted.  In addition,  the
following information resources may be  useful in conducting the toxicity
assessment.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    CECATS
         •    CSDCLEANS
              CRIB
         •    DEEP
              EPACASR
              GI
              GTDMIS
         •    GEMS
         •    HEOX

    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

         •    BIOSIS
         •    CBDS
         •    CCRIS
              CESARS
              CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
              CHEMICAL EXPOSURE;
                CHEMICALS IN HUMANS
                TISSUES AND FLUIDS
         •    CHEMLINE
         •    CTCP
              EMBASE
              ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
              DATA BASES
 IRIS
 NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE
 TISSUE DATA
 OHM-TADS
 ORALTOX
 PDMS
 PHRED
 SPHERE
 STARA
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
•RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA  BANK
TOXLINE
C.5   RISK CHARACTERIZATION

    In the risk characterization step of the Manual, a comparison is made
between projected intakes and calculated risks in order to quantify the
overall risk.  Different types of risk characterization include:

         •    Carcinogenic Effects
         •    Non-Carcinogenic Effects

The manual outlines different methods of characterizing risk for each type of
effect.

    C.5.1  Carcinogenic Effects

    The carcinogenic risk is dependant upon the chronic daily intakes of the
contaminant and the carcinogenic potency factor, values of which are listed in
Appendix C of the manual.  In addition, other information resources which may
be useful in calculating carcinogenic effects are listed below.

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                                   C-10
                                                      OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    CARCINOGENICITY
                LITERATURE
         •    CECATS
              EPACASR

    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     GTDMIS
     IRIS
     SPHERE
              BIOSIS
              CANCERLIT
              CBDS
              CESARS
              CCRIS
              CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
              CHEMICAL EXPOSURE;
                CHEMICALS IN HUMAN
                TISSUES AND FLUIDS
              CHEMLINE
              CIS
              CLEARINGHOUSE ON
                HEALTH INDEXES
              EMBASE
     ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
     DATA BASES
     HAZARDLINE
     MEDLINE
     NIOSHTIC
     NOES
     NOHS
     NPIRS
     OCIS
     OHS-MSDS
     PASCAL
     RTECS
     TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     TOXLINE
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)

         •    CHIPS
         •    POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS

    C.5.2   Non-Carcinogenic Effects

    The non-carcinogenic risk is dependant upon the exposure level, or intake,
and the acceptable level of intake for the contaminant.  For assessing
teratogenic risk, the subchronic daily intake and the acceptable level of
intake are often used.  Reference doses are listed, for some chemicals, in
Appendix C of the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual.  In addition, the
following information resources may also provide useful data.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)

         •    CECATS
              DEEP
              EPACASR
         •    GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH
                IMPACT EVALUATION
         •    GI
         •    GTDMIS
         •    HEOX
     IRIS
     NEUROTOXICITY DATA
•    OHM-TADS
     PERMDATA
     PDAS
•    RAD
•    SPHERE
     STARA
•    WBC

-------
                               C-ll
                                                  OSWER Directive 9285.6-1
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)

     •    BIOSIS                     •
     •    CESARS                     •
     •    CCRIS                      •
     •    CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
          CHEMICAL EXPOSURE:         •
            CHEMICALS IN HUMAN       •
            TISSUES AND FLUIDS       •
          CLEARINGHOUSE ON
            HEALTH INDEXES           •
     •    CTCP                       •
     •    EMIC
     •    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE         •
            DATA BASES
     •    ETIC
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NOES
NOHS
NPIRS
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE

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