United States EPA-600 /8-88-106
Environmental Protection
Agencv December 1988
<&EPA Research and
Development
AREA SOURCE DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE 1985 NATIONAL ACID
PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT
PROGRAM INVENTORY
Prepared for
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
Prepared by
Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
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The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
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This report has been assigned to the SPECIAL REPORTS series. This series is
reserved for reports which are intended to meet the technical information needs
of specifically targeted user groups. Reports in this series include Problem Orient-
ed Reports, Research Application Reports, and Executive Summary Documents.
Typical of these reports include state-of-the-art analyses, technology assess-
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This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and
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This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/8-88-106
December 1988
AREA SOURCE DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE 1985 NATIONAL ACID PRECIPITATION
ASSESSMENT PROGRAM INVENTORY
Final Report
By
Janice L. Demmy
Wienke M. Tax
Thomas E. Warn
ALLIANCE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
500 Eastowne Drive
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
EPA Contract 68-02-4274
Work Assignment Nos. 2 and 23
EPA Project Officer: Lee Beck
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
This study was conducted in cooperation with the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
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ABSTRACT
The Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina has developed a
nationwide data base of estimated air pollutant emissions from point and area
sources known as the National Emission Data System (NEDS). Point source
emissions estimates for every plant are submitted annually by each State to
EPA for review. Area source data files developed from the NEDS system will
serve as the basis for the 1985 NAPAP area source emissions inventory.
However, to date, NEDS area source data have been developed mainly by OAQPS
with data voluntarily submitted by State agencies.
The purpose of this document is to provide States and other participants
and users of the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory with a general understanding
of the estimation procedures that will be used by NAPAP and OAQPS to generate
1985 emissions estimates for area source categories. General methodology and
assumptions are discussed as well as the original source of algorithms,
activity levels, and emission factors.
Emission estimates are updated annually by a series of computer programs
which multiply each current area source activity level with the appropriate
emission factor which accounts for emissions removed by any control
technology. County emissions estimates are then summed to produce national
emissions estimates.
For the purpose of this document, area sources are divided into stationary
sources, mobile sources, solid waste disposal, miscellaneous area sources, and
additional area sources. Additional area sources includes categories for
which methodologies have been developed to estimate emissions for the 1985
NAPAP Emissions Inventory that are not part of the current NEDS Area Source
Categories.
Acknowledgement
This report was administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory with funding from the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program's (NAPAP) Task Group I: Emissions and
Controls. Task Group I is chaired by David Beecy of the U.S. Department of
Energy. The document was prepared under EPA Contract No. 68-02-4274, Work
Assignments Nos. 2 and 23, with technical guidance from the National Air Data
Branch, EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
ll
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement ii
Figures iv
Tables iv
1. Executive Summary 1
2. Introduction 7
3. Stationary Sources 9
Residential Fuel 9
Commercial and Institutional Fuel 17
Industrial Fuel 26
4. Mobile Sources 31
Highway Vehicles 31
Off-Highway Vehicles 37
Railroad Locomotives 43
Aircraft 44
Marine Vessels 46
5. Solid Waste Disposal 50
On-Site Incineration 50
Open Burning 51
6. Miscellaneous Area Sources 53
Evaporative Losses from Gasoline Marketing 53
Evaporative Losses from Organic Solvent Consumption.... 55
Unpaved Roads 60
Unpaved Airstrips 61
Construction 62
Miscellaneous Wind Erosion 63
Land Tilling 64
Forest Wildfires 65
Managed Burning. (Slash/Prescribed Burning) 66
Agricultural Burning 67
Frost Control (Orchard Heaters) 68
Structural Fires 69
7. Additional Area Sources 70
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) 71
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,
and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) 72
Fugitive Emissions from Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturing 73
Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants 74
Fugitive Emissions from Petroleum Refinery Operations.. 75
Process Emissions from Bakeries 76
Process Emissions from Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.... 77
Process Emissions from Synthetic-Fibers Manufacturing.. 78
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production Fields 79
Cutback Asphalt Paving Operations 80
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References.
Appendices
A
B
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Emission Factor Listing.
National Emissions Data System Fuel
Consumption Allocation Procedures...
Page
81
A-l
B-l
FIGURES
Number
Page
B-l NEDS Area Fuel Consumption Allocation (AFCA)
System Flowchart.........°. B-3
TABLES
Number Page
1 Organic Solvent User Categories 56
2 Organic Solvents 57
3 1985 Organic Solvents By End Use Category 58
A-l 1985 NAPAP Area Source Categories Emission Factor Units
of Measurements A-2
A-2 1985 NEDS Area Source Emission Factors A-5
IV
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SECTION 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) in Research Triangle Park, NC has developed a nationwide
data base of estimated air pollutant emissions from point and area sources
known as the National Emission Data System (NEDS). Point source emissions
estimates for every plant are submitted annually by each State to EPA for
review. Area source data files developed from the NEDS system will serve as
the basis for the 1985 NAPAP area source inventory. However, to date, NEDS
area source data have been developed mainly by OAQPS with data voluntarily
submitted by State agencies.
The purpose of this document is to provide States and other participants
and users of the 1985 NAPAP inventory with a general understanding of the
estimation procedures that will be used by NAPAP and OAQPS to generate 1985
emissions estimates for area source categories. General methodology and
assumptions are discussed as well as the original source of algorithms,
activity levels, and emission factors necessary to calculate emissions for
each area source in NEDS.
Activity levels are derived primarily from related information published
by other Federal agencies, supplemented by special data developed by EPA for
the purpose of developing NEDS area source inventories. Published data such
as fuel use by State, motor vehicle miles of travel by state and county, and
forest fire acres burned by state are used with related data such as
employment, population, and miscellaneous geographic or economic data to
derive annual county estimates of the activity levels for each of the NEDS
area source categories. The activity levels derived are adjusted to account
for point source activity (such as fuel use by point sources) so that the area
source data reflect only the activity levels (and resulting calculated
emissions) that are not accounted for by point sources.
Area source emissions estimates for five pollutants (particulates, SOx,
NOx, VOC and CO) are calculated for each area source category utilizing
appropriate emission factors from NEDS area source emission factor file. For
most categories, emission factors were originally obtained from Environmental
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Protection Agency Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42). For
many categories, the same emission factors are used for all counties; however,
for some source categories, state or county specific emission factors account
for local variables that affect emissions. The more specific factors are used
in NEDS calculations for all highway motor vehicle categories, fugitive dust
categories, and for selected other categories in a few counties where data are
available to develop more applicable emission factors than the national
emission factors. Provision is also made to override computer-calculated
emissions with hand-calculated emissions that may be more accurate than any
simple emission factor calculation.
Emission estimates are updated annually by a series of computer programs
which multiply each current area source activity level with the appropriate
emission factor which accounts for emissions removed by any control
technology. County emission estimates are then summed to produce national
emissions estimates.
Area sources are divided into five major groups, namely, Stationary
Sources, Mobile Sources, Solid Waste Disposal, Miscellaneous Area Sources, and
Additional Area Sources. Additional Area Sources includes categories for
which methodologies have been developed to estimate emissions for the 1985
NAPAP inventory that are not part of the current NEDS Area Source Categories.
STATIONARY SOURCES
Stationary sources are divided into three major categoriesJ Residential
Fuel, Commercial and Institutional Fuel, and Industrial Fuel. Collectively,
these categories account for all stationary fuel combustion activity not
usually reported as point sources. Each category is further subdivided into
fuel types. For each of the above categories, consumption data are multiplied
by emission factors to obtain emissions estimates.
The residential fuel category estimates emissions for residential
activities which utilize fuel for water heating, space heating, and cooking.
Emissions contributed by residential fuel consumption are determined for
six fuel types. County activity levels, measured by fuel quantity consumed in
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weight or volume units, are calculated for each of the listed fuel types using
county-specific data and then normalized with published state data.
Area source emissions from fuel use by commercial and institutional
sources consists of emissions from all fuel burned in stationary sources that
are not included under residential sources, industrial sources, power plants,
or commercial point sources. Important commercial/institutional area sources
are hospitals, hotels, laundries, schools, and universities.
Consumption data for each fuel type is obtained in the following steps:
(1) estimating total county fuel consumed by the five identified commercial
subcategories, (2) distributing total fuel consumption by the subcategories to
each fuel type, (3) determining state total commercial area source fuel
consumption, (4) normalizing estimates against published state consumption,
and (5) determining and allocating county consumption by "other" commercial
categories.
Emissions generated by the industrial sector which are not accounted by
point source categories are calculated for four fuel types: bituminous coal,
distillate oil, residual oil, and natural gas. County fuel consumption is
estimated by multiplying county employment figures for SIC categories
20 through 39 by a fuel intensity factor. Results are then normalized with
published state values.
MOBILE SOURCES
Mobile sources which contribute to area source emissions are divided into
Highway Vehicles, Off-Highway Vehicles, Railroad Locomotives, Aircraft, and
Marine Vessels.
Highway vehicles disaggregates motor vehicles into four categories on the
basis of vehicle type and gross vehicle weight for the purpose of calculating
consumption. The categories include light duty gasoline vehicles, light duty
gasoline trucks, heavy duty diesel vehicles and heavy duty gasoline vehicles.
NEDS utilizes vehicle type registration data and published average miles
travelled by each vehicle type to allocate consumption to the county level.
Fuel consumption, average fuel efficiencies and road type mileage in each
county are used to determine vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for three road
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classes: limited access roads, rural roads and urban roads. Emission factors
in grams per mile obtained from the execution of a computer model are applied
so as to determine emissions for vehicle type and speed class.
Emissions from off-highway vehicles are generated by activities of
gasoline and diesel vehicles which do not utilize road systems. Vehicles
contributing to off-highway emissions are divided into six general categories;
farm equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, motorcycles,
lawn and garden equipment, and snowmobiles. Consumption is estimated
separately for each category by either apportioning national fuel consumption
to counties on the basis of employment, population, etc., or calculating
county or state totals by applying national fuel consumption rates to average
usage figures and equipment populations. Emission factors are weighted for
each category using equipment populations. Off-highway motorcycle emissions
are computed using a model which simulates uncontrolled emissions.
The activity level for railroad locomotive use of distillate oil is
calculated by allocating published state consumption data to the county level
based on county population statistics. Consumption, reported in 103 gallons,
is used with emission factors to determine emissions.
Activity level calculations for aircraft (civil, military, and
commercial) utilize airport operations data and plane type populations to
estimate the number of landing take-off cycles (LTOs) in each group. Emission
factors are defined as emissions per LTO.
Marine vessel consumption of distillate oil, residual oil, and gasoline
is determined by adjusting published State consumption data. County
allocation of distillate and residual oil consumption by vessels utilizes home
port location for registered boats and port tonnage handled for the remaining
boat population. Gasoline vessel consumption computations utilize inboard and
outboard boat registration and published average consumption data to determine
consumption. County allocation is based on inland water area, coastline and
the number of months suitable for recreational boating. Emission factors are
applied to consumption data to obtain emissions estimates.
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SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
The area source category for solid waste disposal includes on—site refuse
disposal activities by residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial
sectors. Solid waste generation in hundreds of tons is used as a measure of
activity level for burning and on-site incineration. This is multiplied by
specific emission factors to obtain emissions estimates.
MISCELLANEOUS AREA SOURCES
NEDS area sources which are not defined by the first three categories are
compiled in the miscellaneous area sources category. Methodologies have been
developed for area categories even though total emissions from each source are
relatively small compared to the major categories, because emissions at a
particular time may be significant. Methodologies are presented for the
following; Gasoline Marketed, Organic Solvent Consumption, Unpaved Road
Travel, Unpaved Air Strip Use, Land Tilling, Forest Wildfires, Managed
Burning, Agricultural Burning, and Structural Fires.
In brief, activity levels, estimated using category-specific data, are
multiplied by emission factors to obtain emissions estimates. Activity levels
for Gasoline Marketed are determined using county retail service station sales
data. Activity levels for Organic Solvent Consumption are determined by
allocating national estimates of organic solvent consumption by end use
category to counties according to manufacturing employment data or population.
The Unpaved Road Travel category utilizes vehicle miles travelled (VMT)
andrural population for the basis of fuel consumption allocation. Unpaved
Airstrip Use is measured by landing-takeoff (LTO) cycles. Number of acres
burned and fuel loading factors are used to measure activity levels for Forest
Wildfires, Managed Burning, and Agricultural Burning. The Structural Fires
category utilizes the number of building fires to allocate activity level to
the county level.
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ADDITIONAL AREA SOURCES
The 1985 NAPAP inventory will provide detailed county level VOC emissions
estimates for additional area sources which previously have not been included
in the NEDS area source categories. The categories were included to account
for differences between published total emissions and NEDS point source data.
Alliance methodologies developed for the 1985 NAPAP inventory are presented
for the following area sources: Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs);
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs); Fugitive
Emissions From Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Bulk Terminals and
Bulk Plants; Fugitive Emissions from Petroleum Refining Operations; Process
Emissions from Bakeries, Pharmaceutical, and Synthetic-Fiber Manufacturing;
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production Fields; and Cutback Asphalt Paving
Operations. For most categories, national VOC emissions estimates are
allocated to the county level using category-specific data such as industrial
flow and production figures. Activity levels, emission factors, and control
efficiencies are used to determine emissions for the remaining sources.
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SECTION 2
INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) in Research Triangle Park, NC has developed a nationwide
data base of estimated air pollutant emissions from point and area sources
known as the National Emission Data System (NEDS). Point source emissions
estimates for every plant are submitted annually by each State to EPA for
review. Area source data files developed from the NEDS system will serve as
the basis for the 1985 NAPAP area source inventory. However, to date, NEDS
area source data have been developed mainly by OAQPS with data voluntarily
submitted by State agencies.
The purpose of this document is to provide States and other participants
and users of the 1985 NAPAP inventory with a general understanding of the
estimation procedures that will be used by NAPAP and OAQPS to generate 1985
emissions estimates for area source categories. General methodology and
assumptions are discussed as well as the original source of algorithms,
activity levels, and emission factors necessary to calculate emissions for
each area source in NEDS.
The document presents methodologies for all identified sources not defined
as point sources in a specific geographic region. Area sources include all
mobile sources, and stationary sources too small, difficult or numerous to
classify as point sources. Area sources are divided into five major groups,
namely, STATIONARY FUEL COMBUSTION, MOBILE SOURCES, SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL,
MISCELLANEOUS AREA SOURCES, and ADDITIONAL AREA SOURCES. ADDITIONAL AREA
SOURCES includes categories for which methodologies have been developed to
estimate emissions for the 1985 NAPAP inventory that are not part of the
current NEDS Area Source Categories. Activity level and emission factor
methodologies used to produce emissions estimates are presented for each area
source within the above groups.
Activity levels are derived primarily from related information published
by other Federal agencies, supplemented by special data developed by EPA for
the purpose of developing NEDS area source inventories. Published data such
as fuel use by State, motor vehicle miles of travel by state and county, and
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forest fire acres burned by state are used with related data such as
employment, population, and miscellaneous geographic or economic data to
derive annual county estimates of the activity levels for each of the NEDS
area source categories. The activity levels derived are adjusted to account
for point source activity (such as fuel use by point sources) so that the area
source data reflect only the activity levels (and resulting calculated
emissions) that are not accounted for by point sources.
Area source emissions estimates for five pollutants (particulates, SOX,
NOX, VOC, and CO) are calculated for each area source category utilizing
appropriate emission factors which are contained in the NEDS area source
emission factor file. For many categories, the same emission factors are used
for all counties; however, for some source categories, state or county
specific emission factors account for local variables that affect emissions.
The more specific emission factors are used in NEDS calculations for all
highway motor vehicle categories, fugitive dust categories, and for selected
other categories in a few counties where data are available to develop more
applicable emission factors than the national emission factors. Provision is
also made to override computer-calculated emissions with hand-calculated
emissions that may be more accurate than any simple emission factor
calculation.
Emissions estimates are updated annually by a series of computer programs
which multiply each current area source activity level with the appropriate
emission factor which accounts for emissions removed by any control
technology. County emissions estimates are then summed to produce national
emissions estimates.
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SECTION 3
STATIONARY SOURCES
Stationary sources which contribute to area source emissions have been
divided into three major categories: Residential Fuel, Commercial and
Institutional Fuel, and Industrial Fuel. Collectively, these categories
account for all stationary fuel combustion activity not usually reported as
point sources. Each category is further subdivided into the following fuel
types: anthracite coal, bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil,
natural gas, wood, industrial coke and process gas. Methodologies for
activity level estimation and emission factor derivation are discussed for
each category fuel type.
RESIDENTIAL FUEL
The residential fuel category estimates emissions for residential
activities which utilize fuel for water heating, space heating, and
cooking. Emissions contributed by residential fuel consumption are broken
down into 5 categories according to the type of fuel. Fuel types included are
anthracite coal, bituminous coal, distillate oil, natural gas, and wood. No
methodology has been developed for the residential residual oil category.
Emissions from this category are considered insignificant compared to the
emissions from other fuels. For each of the listed fuel types, activity
levels measured by fuel quantity consumed in weight or volume units are
multiplied by emission factors to obtain emissions estimates. Methodologies
for activity levels and emission factors are presented below.
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Activity Levels
In the following methodologies for the calculations of activity levels,
consumption is determined for each type of fuel using two general steps.
• County consumption is calculated using an algorithm which is based on
significant variables for which county-specific data are available
(i.e., degree days, number of rooms per dwelling, number of
dwellings, etc.).
• Resulting county consumption estimates are normalized to reflect
published state consumption data by the following equation:
Normalized Estimated Published State Consumption
County = County X
Consumption Consumption Estimated State Consumption
Anthracite and Bituminous Coal
The basic methodology for allocating residential consumption of anthracite
and bituminous coal to individual counties involves the use of an algorithm
which relates coal consumption to number of dwelling units and heating degree
days. Adjustments are made to housing data to account for secular trends in
the number of coal-heated dwelling units, and to disaggregate the total coal
consumption into anthracite and bituminous components. Then the results are
normalized as necessary in the following steps.
Total county residential consumption of coal (anthracite and bituminous)
is calculated based on an algorithm derived by Walden.* Variables found to be
significant by regression analyses were the number of occupied dwelling units
in the county using coal for space heating and the annual heating degree days
for the county. Dwelling unit data from the last census are updated using a
regional growth factor which reflects.the number of dwellings converted to or
from coal space heating. Total residential consumption is then distributed to
the coal type on the basis of its share of the total state coal market.
Published state consumption is determined as the difference between state
shipments of each coal type for retail use and state commercial point source
consumption. County consumption estimates for each coal type are summed over
the state and normalized to reflect published state consumption by one of
three methods.
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(1) If both state residential consumption estimates exceed their
respective published state consumption figures, county consumption
estimates for both fuels are normalized using a coal type-specific
factor of published state coal consumption to estimated state
residential coal consumption.
(2) If both state residential consumption estimates are less than state
retail area consumption for both coal types, no adjustments are made.
(3) If state estimated residential consumption exceeds published state
consumption for one coal type but does not exceed the published state
consumption for the other type, the lesser value of the differences
between the computed and published values is distributed among
counties of the coal type for which the estimated exceeded the
published consumption.
Number of dwelling units is obtained for each census year from the Bureau
of Census Census of Housing.^ Dwelling update factors for regional growth of
coal heated housing are found in Bureau of Census Annual Housing Survey.-^
Number of annual heating degree days per county are taken from NOAA
climatological data.^ Percentage of coal types in the residential coal market
was obtained by personal communication with coal officials at the Department
of Energy.^ Retail shipments of each type of coal to commercial point sources
and each state are found in Energy Information Administration Coal
Distribution January-December.6 For this reference, anthracite production is
represented by district 24; the remaining districts produce bituminous coal.
Distillate Oil
Consumption of distillate oil by residential sources is determined by
allocating state consumption to the county level using housing data. Total
county residential consumption is calculated as the sum of distillate oil used
for space heating and non-space heating for the most recent census year and
then normalized with total State consumption.
Walden^ incorporated EPA factors with variables and performed regression
analyses to arrive at an algorithm which determines county consumption of fuel
for space heating and water heating using the annual heating degree days and
the median number of rooms of occupied dwelling units for each county.
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Distillate oil used for non-space heating purposes is estimated by assuming
that each housing unit utilizes 250 gallons of oil per year for hot water
heating purposes. °
The number of annual heating degree days in each county is found in NOAA
climatological data.^ The median number of rooms per dwelling unit in each
county is obtained from Bureau of Census County and City Data Book.^ Dwelling
statistics are compiled for each census year in Bureau of Census Census of
Housing.^ Total State consumption data is available in DOE Petroleum
Marketing Monthly.10
Natural Gas
In the NEDS inventory, residential natural gas consumption is defined as
the sum of natural gas consumption and LPG consumption for the purposes of
cooking, water heating and space heating. In general, the methodology is
designed to produce county consumption estimates for each use by fuel type,
normalize the county estimates with published data, and then combine the final
county estimates for natural gas and LPG. More detailed description of the
methodologies used for the estimation of natural gas and LPG consumption are
discussed separately below.
(1) Natural Gas; The methodology for determining residential
natural gas consumption consists of performing a series of calculations to
update census data so that it can be input into an algorithm which computes
consumption. The final result is then normalized by comparing it to published
state data.
Walden1 utilized regression analyses to develop an algorithm which
calculated natural gas consumption based on annual heating degree days, the
number of occupied dwelling units using gas for cooking or water heating fuel,
and the median number of rooms per dwelling.
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The number of occupied dwelling units in the county using gas for
space heating in the current year is determined using number of of dwellings
with gas heat in the census year updated to include the increase in the number
of gas heating dwellings since the census year. Increase in the number of gas
heated dwellings per county is estimated by summing (1) the number of
additional gas heated dwellings in the state due to new housing starts
distributed to the county level by population and (2) the number of
conversions to gas space heating in the state since the census year
distributed to the county level by the proportion of dwelling units using gas
heat in the census year.
An estimate of the number of occupied dwelling units in the county
using gas for all purposes in the current year is computed by dividing the
updated number of gas heated dwellings by the percentage of residential gas
customers known to have gas heat from gas utility statistics.
The number of dwellings using gas for all purposes is input with
heating degree days and median number of rooms per dwelling into an algorithm
which yields county estimates of natural gas consumption. County estimates
are then totalled and compared with published state residential consumption
which are defined as the difference between the total retail shipments and
natural gas used by commercial point sources. Final county consumption of
natural gas is then combined with LPG data before applying emission factors.
Annual heating degree days are taken from NOAA climatological data.^
The number of dwellings using natural gas for space heating and water heating
per county are available in the Census of Housing. Median number of rooms
per dwelling is obtained from the County and City Data Book.9 Percentage of
residential customers using gas for space heating, and residential gas heat
conversions and heating unit additions data are found in Gas Househeating
Survey.^ Current county population is found in Current Population Reports.^
Average regional natural gas consumption is obtained from Gas Facts-^, and
(published) residential consumption data is taken from Natural Gas Annual.^
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(2) LPG; County residential consumption of LPG was determined by
Walden1 to be approximated by an algorithm using county annual heating degree
days, the number of occupied dwelling units in the county using LPG for space
heating, water heating and cooking fuel in the county, and the average
regional consumption by water heaters and cooking ranges.
County estimates are then compared to published data on retail sales of
LPG to the commercial and residential sectors. If the sum of the county LPG
consumption estimates exceeds the published total, the county figures are
normalized against the published total. Otherwise, the county estimates are
left unchanged and the remainder of published state retail consumption is used
as the commercial consumption for the state. Final county consumption of LPG
is combined with natural gas consumption before applying emission factors.
Annual heating degree days are taken from NOAA climatological data.^ The
number of occupied dwelling units in the county using LPG for space heating
and water heating are available from the Census of Housing.^ Average regional
consumption data are obtained from Gas Facts.^ Retail sales information is
found in API Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases.^
Wood
Residential wood consumption is estimated by updating published state
figures with annual regional data and then allocating to the county level
based on the number of dwelling units reported heating with wood in each
county.
The original state estimates presented in DOE Estimates of U.S. Wood
Energy Consumption^-" are updated annually using regional data from Bureau of
Census Annual Housing Survey.3 Wood heated dwellings per county are available
in Bureau of Census Census of Housing.2
Emission Factors
In the following section, sources of emissions factors used for emission
estimation are presented for each fuel for which consumption methodologies are
available.
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Anthracite Coal
Emission factors for anthracite use in hand-fired boilers are taken
directly from AP-42.1^ For the purposes of this calculation, ash content
value and sulfur content value are assumed to be 11 percent and 0.7 percent,
respectively.18
Bituminous Coal
The emission factors for hand-fired units are obtained from AP-42.1^ For
S02» the average sulfur content is the weighted average of the sulfur content
of each production district from Coal Production.19 District averages are
then weighted according to shipment data for each 'district to destination'
("Other Consumers") contained in DOE Coal Distribution.6
Distillate Oil
Emission factors are taken directly from AP-42.1? For VOC, the
non-methane VOC emission factor is used. For the S02 factor, average sulfur
content values for No. 1 and No. 2 fuel oils reported in Heating Oils^O are
weighted by corresponding deliveries to residential users found in DOE
Petroleum Marketing Monthly.10
Natural Gas
Emission factors applied to the sum of natural gas and LPG consumption are
obtained from AP-42.17 For VOC, the non-methane VOC factor is used.
15
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Woud
Emission factors for woodstoves and fireplaces obtained from AP-42-*-' are
weighted based on the proportions of wood burned in woodstoves and in
fireplaces.
Weighting is accomplished by performing a series of calculations on
computed wood consumption estimates which includes: (1) estimating the number
of stoves based on shipments and imports from Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption,^° (2) calculating an obsolescence rate to determine the total
stove inventory in current use, and (3) determining the stove population in
primary and secondary use based on the number of dwellings in the county as
found in the Annual Housing Survey.3 Stove efficiency is also taken into
account.
16
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COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL
Area source emissions from fuel use by commercial and institutional
sources consists of emissions from all fuel burned in stationary sources that
are not included under residential sources, industrial sources, power plants,
or commercial point sources. Important commercial/institutional area sources
are hospitals, hotels, laundries, schools, and universities. Fuel types
included in the discussion of activity levels and emission factors are
anthracite coal, bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas,
and wood.
\
Activity Levels
Activity levels are estimated for anthracite coal, bituminous coal,
distillate oil, residual oil, and natural gas together using the methodology
which is described in the Anthracite Coal section. Fuel-specific references
are cited in the appropriate fuel section. No methodology has been developed
for the commercial/institutional wood category. Emissions from this source
are considered neglible compared to those from other sources.
Anthracite Coal
County commercial/institutional area source activity levels of anthracite
coal, bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas and LPG are
calculated for five major subcategories, namely, hospitals, hotels, commercial
laundries, schools, and universities. The methodology developed by Walden^-
obtains consumption data for each fuel type in the following steps: (1)
estimating total county fuel consumed by the five identified commercial
subcategories, (2) distributing total fuel consumption by the subcategories to
each fuel type, (3) determining state total commercial area source fuel
consumption, (4) normalizing estimates against published state consumption,
and (5) determining and allocating county consumption by "other" commercial
categories. Please note that after step 2 in this methodology, the term
'consumption' refers to consumption by a specific fuel type.
17
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(1) Total fuel consumption is calculated in therms for each of five major
commercial/institutional subcategories. For reference purposes, one therm
equals 10^ BTU. Regression analyses were used to determine significant
variables in each subcategory. Each subcategory is discussed separately below,
Hospitals; Walden1 developed an algorithm which computes county
consumption based on the number of hospital beds, annual heating degree days,
and county hospital employment. The number of hospital beds and hospital
employment in each county are obtained from American Hospital Association;
Guide to the Health Care Field.21 Annual degree days are found in NOAA
climatological data.4"
Hotels; The algorithm developed by Walden1 calculates county consumption
based on annual heating degree days and the number of hotel rooms in each
county. Degree day data are found in NOAA climatological data.^ The number
of hotel rooms per county is calculated using county hotel employment from
County Business Patterns22 an
-------
Universities; The algorithm used to compute county fuel consumption
requires annual heating degree days and university employment in the county.^
For the purpose of this calculation, county university employment is
determined by multiplying the sum of public and private institution enrollment
by a national employment to enrollee ratio.
Heating degree days are available in NOAA climatological data.^
University enrollment statistics are obtained from the Education Directory;
Colleges and Universities.2^ The national ratio of employee to enrollee is
found in Number and Characteristics of Employees in Institutions of Higher
Learning.27
(2) Fuel consumption estimates for the five commercial subcategories are
summed over the state and distributed among the fuel types according to the
proportion of occupied residential dwelling units in the state using those
respective fuels for space heating. Information is obtained from the Bureau of
Census Census of Housing.2
Subcategory consumption data are then converted from therms to the
standard NEDS units for each fuel type (cubic feet for natural gas, gallons
for LPG, tons for coal, etc). Anthracite coal consumption is converted from
therms to tens of tons using 4.07 x 10"^ as the fuel equivalence factor.
(3) State commercial/institutional area source consumption for each fuel type
is determined using the following equation:
State Published / State State
Area Source = State - j Point Source + Residential
Consumption Consumption \Consumption Consumption/
\
For anthracite coal, published state consumption isrmeasured by commercial
shipments of anthracite to each state. !;
" .(
'j
(4) State consumption of each fuel type by all commercial area sources other
than the five subcategories and normalization of estimated state consumption
"'••>'
are computed by the following method. The five sufrcategory consumption totals
(for each fuel type) are compared with the total state area source consumption
calculated in step 3. This results in one of two conditions.
19
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If the total of the subcategory estimates exceeds the total
commercial area source consumption, the area source consumption by
"other" commercial categories is assumed to be zero. Normalized
county commercial consumption is obtained using the following
equation:
County Estimated County State Area Source
Commercial = Consumption by X Consumption
Consumption Special State Commercial Consumption
Subcategories by Special Subcategories
• If the total of the subcategory estimates is less than the total
commercial area source consumption, the difference becomes the area
source consumption by "other" commercial categories. The total area
source consumption is assumed not to require correction (i.e., the
normalization factor equals 1).
(5) The area source consumption by "otlter" commercial categories from step 4
is apportioned to counties by means of adjusted commercial employment. This
is defined as the combined employment for Subcategories (hospitals, hotels,
etc.) subtracted from total county commercial employment found in County
Business Patterns.22
Commercial shipments of anthracite ,are found in DOE Coal Distribution.^
-}'•>: •—"
Consumption of anthracite coal by commercial/institutional point sources is
obtained from NEDS point source data.28 Residential area source consumption
is calculated in RESIDENTIAL FUEL Anthracite Coal.
Bituminous Coal ti
"' -.1 /
'-' _ "
j-i'.
The entire methodology for the estimation of consumption for each fuel is
described in Anthracite Coal. By this methodology, total fuel consumption in
therms is calculated for five commercial and institutional categories and then
allocated to each fuel type. Bituminou|$ coal consumption is then converted
from therms to tens of tons using 3.85 x 10"^ as the fuel equivalence factor.
20
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State commercial area source consumption of bituminous coal is the
difference between the state shipments to retail dealers and the sum of state
commercial/institutional point source consumption and the normalized state
residential consumption. State consumption of bituminous coal by sources
other than the five subcategories and normalization are computed by the same
methods as in steps 4 and 5 in Anthracite Coal.
Information concerning the state shipments of bituminous coal to retail
dealers is found in DOE Coal Distribution.^ State commercial point source
consumption is obtained from NEDS point source data.28 Normalized residential
consumption is calculated in the previous section entitled RESIDENTIAL FUEL
Bituminous Coal.
Distillate Oil
The entire methodology for the estimation of consumption for each fuel is
described in Anthracite Coal. By this methodology, total fuel consumption in
therms is calculated for five commercial and institutional categories and then
allocated to each fuel type. Distillate oil consumption is then converted
from therms to 10^ gallons using 7.14 x 10"•* as the fuel equivalence factor.
State commercial area source consumption by distillate oil is the
difference between the sum of state distillate oil sales to the military and
sales for heating purposes, and the sum of state commercial/institutional
point source consumption and the normalized state residential consumption.
State consumption of distillate oil by sources other than the five categories
and normalization are computed by the same methods as in steps 4 and 5 in
Anthracite Coal.
Information concerning the state shipments of distillate oil to the
military and for commercial purposes are found in DOE Petroleum Marketing
Monthly.^0 State commercial point source consumption is obtained from NEDS
point source data.28 Normalized residential consumption is calculated from
the previous section entitled RESIDENTIAL FUEL Distillate Oil.
21
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Residual Oil
The entire methodology for the estimation of consumption for each fuel is
described in Anthracite Coal. By this methodology, total fuel consumption in
therms is calculated for five commercial and institutional categories and then
allocated to each fuel type. Residual oil consumption is then converted from
therms to 103 gallons using 6.67 x 10"5 as the fuel equivalence factor.
State commercial area source consumption by residual oil is the
difference between the sum of state residual oil sales to the military and
sales for heating purposes, and the state commercial/institutional point
source consumption. No residual oil is utilized for residential purposes.
State consumption of residual oil by sources other than the five subcategories
and normalization are computed by the same methods as in steps 4 and 5 in
Anthracite Coal.
Information concerning the state shipments of residual oil to the
military and for commercial purposes are found in DOE Petroleum
Marketing Monthly.^0 State commercial point source consumption is obtained
from the NEDS point source data.28
Natural Gas
This section computes natural gas consumption as the total of natural gas
and LPG consumption. The entire methodology for the estimation of consumption
for each fuel is described in Anthracite Coal. By this methodology, total
fuel consumption in therms is calculated for five commercial and institutional
categories and then allocated to each fuel type. Natural gas consumption and
LPG consumption are then converted from therms to 10? cubic feet and 103
gallons, respectively, using fuel equivalence factors of 9.69 x 10~6 and 1.05
x 10"3.
State commercial area source consumption of natural gas and LPG are
calculated separately. State natural gas consumption is the difference
between the sum of the published statewide consumption of natural gas for
commercial use and other gas sales in the state, and the state (natural gas)
22
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commercial/institutional point source consumption. State LPG consumption is
determined as the difference between the state retail sales of LPG and the sum
of state commercial/institutional point source consumption and normalized
state residential LPG consumption. State consumption of natural gas and LPG by
sources other than the five subcategories and normalization are computed by
the same methods as in steps A and 5 in Anthracite Coal.
Normalized county consumption totals of natural gas and LPG are then
summed. A heat equivalence factor of 0.0092 is used to convert 10-^ gallons of
LPG to natural gas in 10^ cubic feet.
Information concerning the state retail shipments of natural gas and LPG
are found in DOE Natural Gas Annual^ and API Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and
Liquefied Refinery Gases,^ respectively. State commercial point source
consumption data are obtained from NEDS point source data.28 Normalized
residential consumption for LPG is obtained from the previous section
entitled RESIDENTIAL FUEL Natural Gas.
Wood
No methodology has been developed for commercial/institutional wood use.
Emissions from this source are considered negligible compared to those from
other area sources.
Emission Factors
1:''.'
V .
In the following section, sources of emission factors used for emissions
estimation are presented for fuels for which consumption methodologies are
available.
f -
y- f-
l':'
Anthracite Coal
,rf -•
^'i
•*.* •
Emission factors are obtained from AP-42-'-' for the boiler types listed
for SCC:':1-03-001 in the NEDS point source data files.2^ The emission factors
are the^'combined by weighting each factor in proportion to the total NEDS
23
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coal consumption of each boiler type. For the purpose of this calculation, it
is assumed that ash content is 11 percent and the sulfur content is 0.7
percent.^
Bituminous Coal
Weighted emission factors for boilers are obtained using emission factors
from AP-42 and coal consumption from NEDS point source data30 for SCC 1-03-002
and 1-03-003.28 For S02, the emission factor is 36.19 pounds of S02 per ton
of coal burned. Average sulfur content value is determined by weighted
average of the sulfur content of each production district found in Coal
Production.19 District averages are then weighted according to shipment data
for each 'district to destination' ("Other Consumers") contained in DOE Coal
Distribution.6 The control efficiency for particulates is calculated by
updating the previous year's control efficiency.
Distillate Oil
Emission factors are taken directly from AP-42.^ For VOC, the
non-methane VOC emission factor is used. For S02, average sulfur content
values for No. 1, No. 2, and No. A oils from Heating Oils20 are weighted using
commercial deliveries of oil type reported in Petroleum Marketing Monthly. -*-0
Residual Oil
Emission factors are taken directly from AP-42.^ Sulfur content values
are obtained for No. 5 light, No. 5 heavy, and No. 6 fuel oils in Heating
Oils.20 A weighted average is calculated using No. 6 sulfur content and for
the mean of No. 5 oil sulfur contents, assuming 13 percent and 87 percent of
the fuel oil used is No. 5 and No. 6, respectively.^-^
24
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Natural Gas
Emission factors for natural gas are obtained directly from AP-42.^-^ For
natural gas VOC, the non-methane VOC emission factor is used.
25
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INDUSTRIAL FUEL
Area source emissions generated by the industrial sector which are not
accounted by point source categories are discussed for the following fuel
types: anthracite coal, bituminous coal, coal-oil-mixture, industrial coke,
distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas, wood, and process gas.
Methodologies for consumption and emission factor computation are presented as
available.
Activity Levels
A procedure was developed by Walden^ for the allocation of state
industrial area source consumption of bituminous coal, distillate oil,
residual oil, natural gas, and LPG. Anthracite coal, coal-oil-mixture,
industrial coke, wood, and process gas methodologies have not been developed.
Industrial area source consumption of these fuels are assumed to be neglible.
Bituminous Coal
The methodology for determining consumption by industrial area sources
consists of two steps. As described in Walden,^ county industrial fuel
consumption for bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, and natural gas
are calculated, summed, and then normalized with state published values.
Sources of inputs and normalization for each of the above fuel types are
discussed within their respective sections.
The first step in the methodology is to determine industrial fuel
consumed by the four fuel types by county. This is accomplished by adjusting
county area source employment figures for SIC categories 20 through 39 by a
fuel intensity factor. For the purpose of this calculation, county area
source employment is defined as the difference between total county employment
and point source employment for each SIC category. The fuel intensity ratio
is a measure of fuel use intensity per employee which is determined by
dividing the state consumption of fuel for each SIC category by the respective
26
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state employment. (If state data are not available, national data are used).
County area source consumption is then summed for all counties to obtain state
area source consumption by fuel type.
County consumption values are then normalized to agree with state level
calculated industrial area source consumption values for each fuel type.
Reported industrial area source consumption is calculated separately for each
fuel type in each respective fuel section. For bituminous coal, this is the
difference between the published total of coal shipments to the state for
industrial consumption and the state industrial point source coal consumption.
Sources of information on county total and point source employment
figures for SIC categories 20 through 39 for all fuel types are obtained from
County Business Patterns.22 Total industrial coal shipments to states for
each year are found in DOE Coal Distribution.^ Information concerning State
consumption of bituminous coal by SIC category from the Annual Survey of
Manufacturers29 is used to calculate fuel intensity factors. State industrial
point source data are taken directly from NEDS point source data.28
Diltillate Oil
County industrial consumption of distillate oil is estimated using the
same methodology as described in Bituminous Coal. Normalization is
accomplished by adjusting the sum of county consumption estimates with
calculated state industrial area source consumption. Calculated area source
consumption of distillate fuel is equal to the difference between the sum of
the oil sales to industry and sales to oil companies, and the state industrial
point source consumption.
State distillate oil sales to industry, and sales to oil companies are
obtained from DOE Petroleum Marketing Monthly. •*•" Residential consumption of
oil is taken from the section entitled RESIDENTIAL FUEL Distillate Oil. Fuel
consumption by SIC used in fuel intensity ratio calculations is obtained from
the Annual Survey of Manufacturers.^" State manufacturing and commercial
employment data are found in County Business Patterns.^2 Industrial
consumption of distillate oil by point sources is found in NEDS point source
data.28
27
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Residual Oil
County industrial consumption of residual oil is estimated using the same
methodology as described in Bituminous Coal. County estimates are then summed
to produce a state industrial estimate which is compared to published state
consumption data.
Normalization is done by adjusting the sum of county consumption
estimates with calculated state industrial area source consumption.
Calculated area source consumption of residual oil is the difference between
total state industrial consumption and industrial point source consumption.
Total industrial consumption is defined as the sum of oil sales to oil
companies, and oil sales to industry.
Industrial consumption of residual oil by point sources is obtained from
NEDS point source data.28 Oil sales information is taken from DOE Petroleum
Marketing Monthly. \0 Fuel consumption by SIC used in fuel intensity ratio
calculations is obtained from the Annual Survey of Manufacturers.2^ County
Business Patterns22 contains manufacturing employment data necessary for
calculations.
Natural Gas
County industrial consumption of natural gas is estimated using the same
methodology as described in Bituminous Coal. County estimates are then summed
to produce a state industrial estimate which is compared to published state
consumption data.
Area source consumption of natural gas is calculated as the sum of area
source consumption of both natural gas and LPG. Area source consumption is
the difference between total state sales of each fuel to industry and state
industrial point source consumption for each fuel type.
Total state sales of natural gas and LPG are found in the Natural Gas
Annual^ and API Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases.^
Fuel consumption by SIC used in fuel intensity ratio calculations is obtained
from the Annual Survey of Manufacturers.2^ industrial point source consumption
for each fuel type is found in NEDS point source data.28
28
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Emission Factors
On the following section, sources of the emission factors used for
emissions estimation are presented for fuels for which consumption
methodologies are available.
Bituminous Coal
Weighted emission factors are taken from NEDS point source data2** for SCC
1-02-002. The value of the emission factor for SC>2 is 38.1 pounds of sulfur
dioxide per ton of coal burned.1°
The average sulfur content for shipments from each coal-producing state
to other industrial users is taken from Coal Production^ and weighted for
each production district. District averages are weighted by shipments data
from each 'district to a destination1 as found in Coal Distribution.^ The
control efficiency for particulates is calculated by projecting the previous
year's control efficiency.18
Distillate Oil
Emission factors are found in AP-42.1' For VOC, the non-methane emission
factor is used. For S02» the average sulfur contents for No. 1, No. 2 and
No. 4 fuel oils are taken from Heating Oils.20
Residual Oil
Emission factors are found in AP-42.1' For VOC, the non-methane emission
factor is used. For S02» the average sulfur content for No. 6 fuel oil is
obtained from Heating Oils.20
Natural Gas
Emission factors are assigned according to two use subcategories:
boilers, and gas pipelines and plants. Boiler emission factors are obtained
from AP-4218 for natural gas-fired industrial boilers of the 10 to 100 million
29
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BTU range. For gas pipelines and plants, emission factors are obtained for
SCC 2-02-002-01 (Turbines) and SCC 2-02-002-02 (Internal Combustion Engines)
from NEDS point source data.28 por both categories emission factors are
weighted according to the total NEDS boiler fuel consumed by each type.
30
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SECTION 4
MOBILE SOURCES
Mobile sources which contribute to area source emissions are divided into
the following five major categories: Highway Vehicles, Off-Highway Vehicles,
Railroad Locomotives, Aircraft, and Marine Vessels. For each of the above
categories, methodologies for activity level and emission factor estimation
are discussed.
HIGHWAY VEHICLES
NEDS disaggregates motor vehicles into four categories on the basis of use
and gross vehicle weight for the purpose of calculating emissions. Light duty
gasoline vehicles are defined as gasoline powered passenger vehicles weighing
8500 pounds or less. Light duty gasoline trucks include gasoline cargo
vehicles weighing 8500 pounds or less. Heavy duty vehicle categories separate
diesel and gasoline powered trucks and buses weighing more than 8500 pounds.
Motorcycles, light duty diesel vehicles and light duty diesel trucks were
assumed to contribute little emissions relative to the above four categories
when the allocation method was developed.
Fuel consumption and average fuel efficiencies are used to determine
vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for four classes of average speed to reflect
road usage, namely, limited access roads (55 mph), rural roads (45 mph),
suburban roads (35 mph), and urban roads (19.6 mph). At the present time,
NEDS calculates emissions for limited access roads, rural roads and urban road
types.^O Each speed class includes the following FHWA assigned functional
classes.^l
Limited Access Roads Rural and Urban Interstate
(55 mph) Rural and Urban Other Principal Arterials
Other Freeways and Expressways
Rural and Urban Minor Arterials
Rural (45 mph) Rural Major Collector
Rural Minor Collector
Rural Local
Urban (19.6 mph) Urban Collector
Urban Local
31
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For highway vehicles, activity levels include fuel consumption (103
gallons) by fuel type for each vehicle type and speed class specific annual
vehicle miles travelled (VMT). Emission factors in grams per mile obtained
from the execution of a mobile source model are applied so as to determine
emissions for vehicle type and speed class.
Activity Levels
In the following sections, fuel consumption and VMT estimation procedures
are discussed separately.
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles (LDGV) and Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (LDGT)
Gasoline consumption of LDGV and LDGT is determined by allocating total
state highway gasoline consumption to the county level based on a methodology
developed by Walden.? County use of gasoline by LDGV and LDGT is obtained by
subtracting county estimates of gasoline consumed by heavy duty gasoline
vehicles (as computed in this area source section) from the total county
consumption.
Total gasoline consumption reported for each state is allocated to
counties by one of two methods depending on the availability of state
submitted data for vehicle miles travelled in each county.?
(1) For states for which county level measured VMT data are available,
the total state consumption is distributed to counties based on the
proportion of county to state VMT totals.
(2) For states which do not report annual VMT by county, the number of
cars and trucks less than 6000 pounds registered in each county is
used for allocation. This is based on the assumption that the
majority of the vehicle miles travelled by light duty vehicles are
within the county of registration. The number of light duty vehicles
is adjusted by multiplying the number of registrations by a
32
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rural/urban miles to vehicle index. The index reflects data analyzed
by Walden' which concluded that the number of miles travelled is
directly proportional to the degree of ruralness of the county (as
measured by the proportion of rural to total county population).
The light duty vehicle consumption estimate is then broken down into
separate estimates for light duty gasoline vehicles (passenger cars) and light
duty gasoline trucks based on registration data.
County consumption estimates for each vehicle group are then converted to
total vehicle miles travelled using fuel efficiency figures in miles per
gallon. Total VMT for each vehicle type are then used to calculate VMT for
each of three speed classes (limited access roads, rural roads, and urban
roads). The original methodology for computing speed class VMT was modified
by GCA.30 In the updated method, total state VMT for each speed class is
allocated to the county level according to the miles of each road type
constructed in the county relative to the miles of each type constructed in
the State.
Total state highway gasoline consumption and state annual vehicle miles
travelled are found in Federal Highway Administration Highway Statistics.31
Rural/urban factors are presented for four different rural percentage groups
of county population in Walden.7 Fuel efficiency estimates are taken from
calculations by NADB.32 County level registrations are obtained from the
R. L. Polk Company.33
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles (HDGV)
County gasoline consumption by heavy duty vehicles is determined by
calculating county estimates of gasoline consumed for each county by three
truck weight classes (i.e., 6000 to 10,000 pounds, 10,001 to 19,500 pounds,
and over 19,500 pounds) and institutional buses in methodology developed by
Walden.7
To determine gasoline consumption by trucks, county truck registrations
for each weight class are multiplied by the average annual miles travelled by
each weight class in each state and divided by the national average weight
class fuel efficiency (miles per gallon). Gasoline consumption by
33
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institutional buses is calculated using the number of state bus registrations
and the average gasoline consumption (gallons per year); state gasoline
consumption for buses is allocated to the county based on current county
population.
County level truck consumption and bus consumption are then multiplied by
the average fuel efficiencies (miles per gallon) and summed to yield total
state VMT for HDGV. Total state HDGV VMT is allocated to county speed class
based on the county miles of each road type for each speed class in the
state.30
Total state highway gasoline consumption, and state average annual vehicle
miles travelled are obtained in Federal Highway Administration Highway
Statistics.31 Average fuel efficiency is taken from calculations by NADB.32
County population statistics are available from Current Population Reports.12
County level registration data are obtained from R. L. Polk data.33
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (HDDV)
The methodology for determining diesel fuel consumption of heavy duty
vehicles differs significantly from the methods used for other vehicle types.
Since EDDV behavior is often characterized by cross-country travel, much of
the fuel consumption of these vehicles is accrued outside the county of
registration. To account for this behavior, the methodology separates HDDV
consumption into two consumption estimates based on long-range travel and
short-range travel.3^
By this method, published state consumption is allocated to the county
level on the basis of total, out-of-state, and local VMT. From the data in
the Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS),35 GCA extracted the annual miles
travelled and percentage of the miles travelled outside the state for all
diesel trucks weighing at least 8500 pounds (gross vehicle weight). VMT
categories are estimated using the above data and the following equations:
34
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Total VMT = annual miles X stratum expansion factor
Long Range VMT = annual miles X percent of travel outside state X
stratum expansion factor
Short Range VMT = Total VMT - Long Range VMT
The stratum expansion factor is a ratio used to expand the vehicle data
from the sample size in TIUS to each state's vehicle populations.35 State
long range totals are summed to form the national HDDV long range VMT pool.
The national long range VMT pool is then allocated to the county level
according to the fraction of the total state mileage of the National Network
located within each county line. The National Network is a set of highways on
which large trucks are ensured travel rights. Since data are available on
county roadway mileage by functional class, and the National Network is a
subset of Federal Aid Primary (FAP) System, state totals of National Network
mileages are allocated to counties on the basis of county mileage of each of
the major FAP functional classes: Interstate, Major Arterials, and Freeways.
Short range VMT is allocated to the county level on the basis of truck
registrations. Short range VMT and long range VMT are then totalled for each
county and multiplied by the average fuel efficiency (miles per gallon) to
obtain fuel consumption by HDDV.
Since the behavior of HDDV differs significantly from that of other
vehicle types, VMT is allocated to speed classes (limited access, urban, and
rural) in a different manner. Each county's HDDV long range VMT is assumed to
occur on limited access roads; short range HDDV VMT is divided equally between
rural and urban roads.
Total state highway diesel fuel consumption, registration data, and
National Network mileage are taken from FHWA Highway Statistics.3^ County
roadway mileages by functional class were obtained from ERT data.3" VMT
measurements are obtained from the Truck Inventory and Use Survey.35 FAP fuel
efficiency data are extracted from calculations by NADB.3^
Emission Factors
Emission factors for highway vehicles are computed using EPA's MOBILES
model.3^ The model is run with the following standard inputs to compute
county-specific emission factors for each vehicle class:
35
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1. County-specific vehicle registrations by model year and vehicle
class, as obtained from R. L. Polk and Company;33
2. MOBILES default values for mileage accumulation distributions;
3. No use of special correction factors for air conditioning, vehicle
load, trailer towing, or humidity;
4. VOC emission factors computed on a non-methane basis;
5. No modification of MOBILES standard trip/day or miles/day data; and
6. MOBILES default values for tampering rates (No credits for
anti-tampering programs are considered.).
For each county, MOBILES scenario records are input to specify:
1. The location of the county in a low altitude or high altitude region
(For California, the model is run for "low altitude" with modified
basic exhaust emission rates by model year to correspond to
California emission standards. These data were provided by the
California Air Resource Board.38).
2. Average vehicle speeds of 55, 45 and 19.6 mph corresponding to the
road categories for which VMT have been estimated for each county
(For x!9.6 mph roads, standard values of 20.6 percent of VMT
accumulated in cold-start mode and 27.3 percent of VMT accumulated in
hot-start mode are used.3' For 55 mph roads, the percent of VMT
accumulated in both cold and hot-start modes are assumed to be zero.
For 45 mph roads, percentages for 1985 will be calculated when 1985
VMT data become available, by assuming the standard values for 19.6
mph roads for local rural roads and zero for rural collector roads.);
3. An annual average ambient temperature typical of a weather station
near the centroid of a State^ (The same temperature is used for all
counties in a State.); and
4. The impact of county inspection/maintenance (I/M) programs (For
counties where I/M programs are in effect, data to estimate the
impact of such programs are supplied by the EPA Office of Mobile
Sources.39).
36
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OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES
Emissions from off-highway vehicles are generated by activities of
gasoline and diesel vehicles which do not utilize road systems. Vehicles
contributing to off-highway emissions are divided into six general
categories: farm equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment,
motorcycles, lawn and garden equipment, and snowmobiles. While gasoline is
consumed by all six categories, diesel fuel is utilized only by farm
equipment, construction equipment, and industrial equipment.
Activity Levels
Off-highway consumption for each fuel type is determined by summing the
consumption of each of the six general categories above. In general,
consumption is estimated by one of the following methods:
o Apportionment of national fuel consumption to counties on the basis
of employment, population, etc.
• Calculation of county or state totals by applying fuel consumption
rates to average usage figures and equipment populations.
Consumption estimation methodologies are described for each category below by
fuel type.
Farm Equipment
State consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel by farm equipment is
apportioned to individual counties based on county tractor population data.
To estimate state fuel consumption by farm equipment, consumption values are
calculated separately for each of five subcategories: farm tractors,
combines, motorized balers, forage harvesters, and general purpose large
utility engines. The original algorithm for each subcategory developed by
was later revised by Walden.l Consumption by fuel type is calculated
37
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using subcategory state populations average annual usage (hours per year), and
average hourly consumption by fuel type per unit (gallons per hour). For
diesel fuel, the sum of the estimated fuel use for all subcategories is
normalized to agree with published state totals for agricultural diesel fuel
use found in DOE Petroleum Marketing Monthly.10 Total state consumption is
then allocated to the county level according to the ratio of county tractor
population to state tractor population.
Average annual usage and average hourly consumption are extracted from the
SWRI study.40 With the exception of general purpose large utility engines,
state and county equipment populations are obtained from Census of
Agriculture-State and County Data.41 Large utility engine populations are
estimated in an algorithm developed by SWRI40 which uses state tractor
population and the number of irrigated and non-irrigated farms obtained from
Census of Agriculture-Summary and State Data.42
Construction Equipment
The method used to determine consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel by
construction equipment developed by SWRI40 distributes national gasoline
consumption to the county level. State fuel consumption is estimated by
apportioning national fuel consumption to each state according to total
non-building construction employment in each state. State totals for diesel
fuel are normalized to agree with DOE published totals for construction
equipment.10 For the purposes of this algorithm, total non-building
construction employment is the sum of the employment of heavy construction
(SIC category 16) and special trade (SIC category 17) industries. County
consumption of fuel is then allocated from state construction consumption on
basis of county population.
Estimates of national gasoline consumption are provided by OAQPS data
files of nationwide emissions4^ using emission and unit consumption data
compiled in the SWRI Study.40 For diesel fuel, published national totals are
reported by DOE in Petroleum Marketing Monthly.10 Annual employment data are
extracted from the Bureau of Census County Business Patterns.22 Population
statistics utilized in county allocation are located in the Census of Housing.2
38
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Industrial Equipment
The methodology developed by Walden involves apportioning national
industrial fuel consumption according to relative differences in labor
productivity of three industries.1 The algorithm compares combined county
employment to the combined national employment of manufacturing
(SIC categories 20 through 39), mining, and wholesale trade industries.
Resulting state totals for diesel fuel are normalized to agree with DOE fuel
totals.10
Estimates of national fuel consumption are provided by OAQPS data files of
nationwide emissions^ using emission and unit consumption data compiled by
SWRI.^0 For diesel fuel, published national totals are reported by DOE in
Petroleum Marketing Monthly.^ Total employment in manufacturing, mining, and
wholesale trade is the sum of figures reported in Bureau of Census County
Business Patterns22 for Division D, Division B, and Major Group 50,
respectively.
Motorcycles
SWRI developed an algorithm for estimating county level gasoline
consumption based on population, state motorcycle registrations, average
annual usage (miles per year) and average fuel consumption rate (gallons per
rnile).^0 Walden later refined the method, separating off-road and combined
use motorcycles and weighting the distribution of the two types according to
regional variations for allocation.1
State motorcycle vehicle registration data, national usage rate, factors
for the two types of motorcycles, and national fuel consumption rate for both
off-road and combination use motorcycles are available from FHWA Highway
Statistics31 and the 1985 Motorcycle Statistical Annual.^ Current county
population statistics are obtained from the Bureau of Census Current
Population Reports.12
39
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Lawn and Garden Equipment
The original methodology for allocation of national consumption of
gasoline by lawn and garden equipment to individual counties was developed by
SWRI.40 Regression analyses yielded an algorithm in which county
apportionment is based on the number of single-unit dwelling structures, the
number of freeze-free days (i.e. minimum average temperature greater than
32°F), the fraction of national snow zone population in the county (all areas
with an annual snowfall greater than 30 inches), snowthrower fuel consumption
rate, average snow removal rate, and county snowfall.^0
Annual weather data including freeze-free days and county snowfall are
reported monthly for selected representative weather stations in each county
in NOAA climatological data.^ The number of dwelling units in single
structures is available in Bureau of Census Census of Housing.-* Current
county population is available from Bureau of Census Current Population
•I rt
Reports. *•*• National gasoline consumption was provided by NADB using
calculations based on the SWRI study.^0
Snowmobiles
County consumption of gasoline by snowmobiles is derived from the national
snowmobile gasoline consumption total allocated on the basis of county
snowmobile population. To estimate county level snowmobile population, a set
of regression formulations developed by SWRI is used to relate the percent of
state snowmobiles used in the county to population and snowfall.^0 ^o
reflect the impact of population density on snowmobile usage, different
algorithms are used to calculate usage in counties with population densities
greater and less than 1000 per square mile. A factor reflecting the ratio of
average county snowfall to snowfall received in the center of the state is
included in these algorithms due to its signifiance in the regression analyses.
State snowmobile registration data are available by contacting the
International Snowmobile Association.45 Snowfall statistics for each county
and the centroid county for each state are compiled by NOAA climatological
data.4- County population statistics are recorded in the Bureau of Census
Current Population Reports. H.
40
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Emission Factors
Emission factors for each off-highway category by fuel use are discussed
below with the exception of the factors used to determine VOC emissions.
For all gasoline-consuming categories, it is assumed that 0.918 of total
hydrocarbon is reactive VOC. This fraction is based on VOC Species Data
Manual, Profile 90-6021D.46 For all diesel consuming categories, a value of
0.952 of total hydrocarbon is assumed to be reactive VOC based on Profile
90-7021.46
Farm Equipment
Emission factors for diesel and gasoline farm tractors and other farm
equipment are obtained separately from AP-42.1? Large utility equipment
emission factors are also taken from AP-42.^-^
Construction Equipment
Emission factors from AP-42^-7 are weighted separately for diesel fuel and
gasoline equipment using consumption data from the Procedures Document. -^
Industrial Equipment
Emission factors for industrial equipment are taken directly from AP-42.
Motorcycles
Emission factors for gasoline motorcycles are determined utilizing the
MOBILE2 program^' with the following conditions:
1. County Altitude - Low
2. Vehicle Speed - 19.6 mph
3. Ambient Temp. - 57°F
4. Hot Start/Cold Start Percentage - Zero
5. All other variables - default values
41
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Resulting emission factors in grams per VMT are converted to pounds per
gallons using a unit conversion factor of 20. 8. 18
Lawn and Garden Equipment
Emission factors for gasoline powered lawn and garden equipment are taken
directly from the small general utility engines section of AP-42.^
Snowmobiles
Emission factors for gasoline powered snowmobiles are taken from AP-42.^-^
42
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RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES
This category includes fuel utilized by railroad locomotives and fuel used
by railroad stations and workshops for space heating. The latter fuel
consumption has been included primarily because it is difficult to separate
from total railroad fuel use and is considered insignificant compared to
locomotive consumption. The primary fuel consumed by railroad locomotives is
distillate oil (diesel fuel). The activity level, measured in 10^ gallons, is
multiplied by emission factors to produce emissions estimates.
Activity Level
The methodology used to estimate distillate oil consumption involves the
allocation of published state consumption of distillate oil by railroad
locomotives to the county level on the basis of current population
distribution.
Data on the use of distillate oil by railroads for each state are obtained
from DOE Petroleum Marketing Monthly.^0 Population statistics are available
from the Current Population Reports.^
Emission Factors
The emission factors for railroad use are taken from AP-42.^7
43
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AIRCRAFT
Emissions estimates for aircraft are divided into three-categories: civil
aircraft, commercial aircraft, and military aircraft. Activity levels and
emission factors, measured relative to units of aircraft landing and take-off
cycles (LTOs) by county, are multiplied by emission factors to obtain emissions
estimates.
Activity Level
Activity level is measured by LTOs using either operation records from county
airports or aircraft registration data, depending on the location of FAA
airports. For the purpose of these calculations, an operation, as defined by
the FAA, constitutes either a take-off or landing.
o For counties with FAA regulated airports and/or military airports,
LTOs are derived separately from reported operations for civil
commercial and miltiary aircraft categories.
o For counties with no FAA regulated airports or military airports, all
operations are assumed to involve civil aircraft only. The number of
LTOs are derived using county aircraft registration data. It is
assumed each aircraft performs 250-LTOs per year.
Locations of FAA and/or military airports are obtained from the FAA Air
Traffic Activity Report and the military air activity information.^ For
counties without FAA airports, the number of active civil aircraft
registrations are found in the FAA Census of U.S. Aircraft.
Emission Factors
Weighted average emission factors are computed for each type of aircraft
within each aviation category. In some categories, flyings hours are used as a
"unit of measure assuming that the number of flying hours are proportional to
44
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LTOs. Emission factors are then combined using aircraft type population data
from Jane's and FAA Aviation Forecasts to form one factor for each
pollutant.
Military Aircraft
Emission factors for each aircraft type are taken from AP-42. Initial
S ?
emission factors are averaged and weighted by usage and population data.
Number of flying hours for single-engine piston planes, multi-engine piston
planes, turboprops, turbojets, rotocraft piscon planes, and rotocraft turbine
53
planes are obtained from FAA Aviation Forecasts. Average emission factors
are weighted by aircraft population data found in Jane's and FAA Aviation
Forecasts.53
Civilian Aircraft
Emission factors are determined by the same procedure as in Military
Aircraft.
Commercial Aircraft
Emission factors for commercial aircraft are calculated separately for
2 groups, namely, air taxi and commercial service.
Air taxi emission factors are weighted averages of emission factors for
turbojects, turboprops, and piston planes taken from AP-42. Weighting is
based on the number of aircraft from FAA Census of U.S. Civil Aircraft.
Commercial service aircraft emission factors from AP-42 are updated and
weighted from the previous year's data on LTO's from the NEDS Emission Factor
File and the FAA Census of U.S. Civil Aircraft. The number of operations
in the update year is estimated using number of aircraft in service for each of
the following plane types: BAG 111, Boeing-707, Boeing 727, Boeing 737,
Boeing-747, L1011, DCS, DC9, and DC10. The resultant value is compared with
the reported update year value obtained from FAA Air Traffic Activity Report.48
The weighting factors are applied to the emission factors to produce an average
for all plane types.
45
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MARINE VESSELS
Marine vessel categories for which emissions estimates are discussed
include coal vessels, distillate oil vessels, residual oil vessels, and
gasoline vessels. Consumption methodologies and emission factor derivation
are presented for each category below.
Activity Level
In the following section, the methods for generating activity level
estimates are discussed. Final estimates are measured in gallons of fuel
consumed. Emissions from coal vessels have not been estimated because
emissions from this source are considered negligible compared to other area
sources.
Distillate Oil Vessels
Emissions are estimated for marine vessels which use distillate oil
(diesel fuel). This category includes large cargo and passenger ships, oil
tankers, tugboats, and other steamships and motorships that are known to
consume distillate oil. The activity level, measured in 10-^ gallons, is
multiplied by emission factors to obtain emissions estimates. The methodology
currently used by NADB to determine the consumption of distillate oil by
marine vessels requires the updating of the most recent year's estimate with
fuel data obtained from "Fuel Use by Vessels Bunkering" in Petroleum Marketing
Monthly,22 excluding fuel used by ships outside the U.S. continental limits.
County totals from the previous year are multiplied by the ratio of the state
total for the current year to the state total for the previous year.
The original methodology developed by NADB estimated county level
consumption based on number, type and size of ship, and time spent in port and
underway.55 Consumption by vessels at ports for which consumption data were
46
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available was assigned to the port county. The remaining fuel consumption was
distributed to ports and waterways according to tonnage handled. Information
on fuel sales to vessels was taken from Bureau of Mines Sales of Fuel Oil and
Kerosene;-'" ship characteristics were obtained from Waterborne Commerce of the
United States.57
Residual Oil Vessels
Emissions are estimated for marine vessels which use residual oil. This
category includes large cargo and passenger ships, oil tankers, tugboats, and
all other steamships and motorships that are known to consume residual oil.
The activity level, measured in 10^ gallons, is multiplied by emission factors
to obtain emissions estimates.
The original methodology developed by NADB estimated county level residual
oil consumption based on 1975 data concerning the number, type and size of
ship, and time spent in port and underway." Consumption by vessels at ports
for which consumption data were available was assigned to the port county.
The remaining fuel consumption was distributed to ports and waterways
according to tonnage handled. The original methodology was based on fuel
sales to vessels from Bureau of Mines Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene,5" and
ship characteristics from Waterborne Commerce of the United States.57
The methodology currently used by NADB to determine the consumption of
residual oil by marine vessels requires the updating of the most recent year's
estimate with data concerning residual oil use by bunkering vessels in
Petroleum Marketing Monthly,^0 excluding fuel used by ships outside the U.S.
continental limits. County totals from the previous year are multiplied by
the ratio of the state total for the current year to the state total for the
previous year. By this method, county allocation is based on the county
distribution of the original data.
Gasoline Vessels
County marine consumption of gasoline is calculated using an algorithm
developed by SWRI^1 and later modified by Walden-'- to account separately for
inboard and outboard motor use. Using this method, state gasoline consumption
figures are derived from state boat registration (inboard and outboard), and
47
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average fuel consumption for each boat type (gallons per hour). State
consumption is then allocated to counties according to county inland water
area, coastline and the number of warm months which are suitable for
recreational boating activities. The number of warm months is assumed to be
the number of months during which the monthly normal temperatures exceed 45°F
for counties north of 43° latitude, 48°F for counties between 37° and
43° latitude, and 55°F for counties south of 37° latitude. Coastline is
converted to inland water area using a factor which is the ratio of coastline
and open water boating density to inland water area and inland boating density.
Boat registration data are obtained from National Marine Manufacturing
Association Boating Registration Statistics.58 Average fuel consumption for
inboard and outboard motors are assumed to be 3.0 and 1.5 gallons per hour,
respectively.^0 County inland water and coastline areas are available in
Bureau of Census Area Measurement Report; U.S. Summary. -*? Weather data is
found in NOAA climatological data.4
Emission Factors
In the following section, sources of emission factors are presented for
categories for which activity level estimation methodologies are available.
Distillate Oil Vessels
Emission factors used for all pollutants except for VOC are the weighted
averages of emission factors for commercial diesel motorships and steamships.
Reactive VOC is determined to be a percentage of total VOC as taken from
Profile 9-07-021 of the VOC Species Data Manual.46 Each emission factor is
derived in a series of calculations using emission factor data presented in
AP-42.17 For the purposes of these calculations the following assumptions are
made:
a. Commercial vessel population is comprised of 75 percent motorship and
25 percent steamships.
48
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b. Commercial steamships spend 80 percent of the time hotelling and
20 percent under full power.
c. Diesel steamships spend 20 percent of the time under auxiliary power
and 80 percent underway.
Efforts are made to exclude operations conducted outside the continential U.S.
Residual Oil Vessels
Emission factors used for all pollutants except for VOC are the weighted
average of the emission factors for commercial residual oil motorships and
steamships. Reactive VOC is determined as a percentage of the total VOC as
taken from Profile 1-01-004 of the VOC Species Data Manual.^6
Each emission factor is determined with AP-42^7 by the same procedure as in
Distillate Oil Vessels using assumptions a and b.
Gasoline Vessels
Average weighted emission factors are based on the inboard and outboard
motorboat registrations. Weighting accounts for higher fuel consumption per
hour operation by inboard motors. For VOC, it is assumed that the reactive
fraction is 0.9172 based on VOC Species Data Manual, Profile 9-06-021B.46
49
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SECTION 5
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
The area source category for solid waste disposal includes on-site refuse
disposal activities by residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial
sectors. In this section, emissions from the disposal practices of open
burning and on-site incineration are discussed separately. Solid waste
generation in hundreds of tons is used as a measure of activity level.
ON-SITE INCINERATION
For the purposes of determining solid waste generated, on-site
incineration is defined as disposal in a small incinerator. Using this
definition, incineration encompasses the following types of disposal units:
backyard burners, industrial incinerators, and incinerators used by food and
department stores, hospitals, and schools. Since large municipal incinerators
are usually classified as point sources, emissions resulting from disposal in
this type of incinerator have not been included in this category.
Activity Levels
The quantity of solid waste generated by each sector was estimated for the
base year 1976 using population statistics and per capita generation factors
for each EPA region. The regional factors were derived from the following
studies: 1968 Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices, Interim Report^ and
Preliminary Data Analysis."^ Allocation was based on county population.
Since 1976, the previous year's estimates of waste generated by each
sector have been updated each year by the same percentage as the relative
national percentage increase or decrease in the amount of waste generated (or
incinerated) by point sources in each respective sector.28 por the
commercial/institutional and industrial sectors, the annual increase or
decrease in waste incinerated by SCC point source categories within each
sector is used. The annual residential update factor is based on engineering
judgement and calculations by NADB.
50
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Adjustments are made to county estimates, based on information about
specific point sources and data submitted by states. If a number of on-site
incinerators have been identified as point sources, it may be appropriate to
reduce or eliminate area source estimates. Also, it is important to note that
estimates of waste generated that are submitted by the states replace the
extrapolated data for the year it is submitted. Submitted data are then
annually updated by the above method using the relative percentage increase in
waste generated.
Previous estimates of waste generated are available from the NEDS point
source data.^° Annual national update factors are calculated using
incineration data from National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates 1940-1984.62
Emission Factors
Emission factors taken from AP-42^ are used with data from the Inventory
of Intermediate Size Incinerators in the U.S.63
OPEN BURNING
For the purposes of estimated open burning practices, open burning refers
to uncombined burning of wastes such as leaves, landscape refuse, and other
rubbish. Large open burning dumps are usually included under point sources.
Activity Levels
The quantity of solid waste burned is computed by-updating the previous
year's waste generation for each sector. The update factor is determined by
engineering judgement. Estimates of the quantity of solid waste burned in the
most recent year are obtained from the NEDS point source data.2° Generation
factors were originally obtained from data in the 1968 Survey of Solid Waste
Practices, Interim Report^ and the Preliminary Data Analysis.&* Allocation
was based on county population.
51
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Emission Factors
The emission factors for open burning of refuse and organic materials are
taken directly form AP-42.^-^
52
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SECTION 6
MISCELLANEOUS AREA SOURCES
Area sources which are not defined by STATIONARY SOURCES, MOBILE SOURCES,
or SOLID WASTE categories are compiled in the miscellaneous area sources
category. The importance of these area categories is that while total
emissions from each source are relatively small compared to the major
categories, emissions at a particular time may be significant.
As presented, identified miscellaneous area sources include: Gasoline
Marketed, Organic Solvent Consumption, Unpaved Road Travel, Unpaved Air Strip
Use, Construction, Miscellaneous Wind Erosion, Land Tilling, Forest Wildfires,
Managed Burning, Agricultural Burning, Frost Control, and Structural Fires.
EVAPORATIVE LOSSES FROM GASOLINE MARKETING
This source category covers evaporative losses of volative organic
compounds from gasoline marketing operations such as filling losses from
loading underground storage tanks at service stations, and spillage and
filling losses from filling automobile tanks. Gasoline evaporative losses at
refineries or bulk distribution terminals are not included. Emissions from
refineries are assumed to be accounted for in point source categories.
Emissions from bulk terminals and bulk plants are accounted for using methods
described in ADDITIONAL AREA SOURCES.
The activity level for this category, measured by retail gas sales in 10-*
gallons, is multiplied by emission factors to generate emissions.
Activity Level
Retail sales of gasoline include all sales of gasoline for highway use,
aviation use, and for use by the construction equipment, industrial equipment,
and farm equipment off-highway subcategories. County retail gas sales are
used directly when reported by states. For counties for which retail sales of
gas are not compiled, sales to the above user categories are estimated
separately and summed to generate total county sales.
53
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State retail sales of gasoline for highway and marine use are allocated to
each county according to the county's proportion of the statewide gross dollar
receipts from gasoline service stations. Published state aviation retail
sales of gasoline are allocated to the county according to the total LTD
cycles in the county for each of the military, civilian, and commercial
aircraft categories.
County retail sales of gasoline for off-highway sources are assumed to be
the same as consumption derived in the activity levels section of Farm
Equipment, Construction Equipment, and Industrial Equipment in OFF-HIGHWAY
SOURCES.
If not provided by individual states, retail sales of gasoline for each
category are obtained from Census of Retail Trade.^
Emission Factors
Emission factors are obtained from AP-42^ and weighted according to the
national percentage of each type of filling practice used. For VOC, the
non-reactive VOC emission factor is used.
54
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EVAPORATIVE LOSSES FROM ORGANIC SOLVENT CONSUMPTION
The following area source category documents the estimation procedures
for evaporative losses of volatile organic compounds from solvent usage by
area sources. Organic solvent usage is divided into six categories: dry
cleaning operations, degreasing operations, surface coating application
operations, printing, rubber and plastics, and other miscellaneous uses. In
each category, usage of specific solvents is identified and enumerated to
compute total solvent usage in tons per year.
Activity Levels
The methodology developed by Walden for allocating organic solvent
consumption by county consists of apportioning national consumption of
seventeen primary solvent groups by major user category according to county
population or user category employment data. User categories are listed in
Table 1. Two of the major user categories, Surface Coatings and Other Uses,
are further classified into subcategories as shown. Table 2 contains a list of
the primary solvent groups used to determine losses from organic solvent
consumption. The category "Special Naphthas" includes the aliphatic naphthas
such as V. M. & P. naphthas, stoddard solvents, rubber solvents and mineral
spirits.
In the algorithm developed by Walden, national consumption of the primary
solvent groups is distributed to each of the user categories according to the
percentage of total solvent consumption used by the user category. Percentage
usage obtained from published sources is compiled for each user category in
Table 3. National area source solvent use estimates are determined by
subtracting point source solvent use or emissions for each user category from
total solvent use for each user category.
County consumption for each solvent group and user category is then
computed by allocating calculated national area source consumption on the basis
of applicable county SIC area source employment or population as shown in
Table 1. For example, in the degreasing processes use category, total solvent
use is allocated to each county in proportion to the county area source
55
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TABLE 1: USER CATEGORIES
User Categories
Population or Employment Data by SIC
Used for County Allocation
Surface Coatings
Architectural Coatings
and Traffic Paint
Auto Refinishing
Automotive
Wood Furniture and Fixtures
Metal Furniture and Fixtures
Metal Containers
Sheet Strip and Coil
Appliances
Machinery and Equipment
Paper Coating
Factory-Finished Wood
Transportation (Non-Auto)
Electric Insulation
Other, Exterior, Interior
Marine
Decreasing
Dry Cleaning
Printing
Rubber and Plastics
Other Miscellaneous Use
County Population
7535 (Paint Shops)
371 (Motor Vehicles)
25 (Furniture and Fixtures)
34 (Fabricated Metal Products)
35 and 36 (Machinery, Electrical Equipment
and Supplies)
26 (Paper and Allied Products)
243, 244 (Millwork, Plywood-Related Supplies,
Wood Containers)
37 (Transportation Equipment) Less 371 (Motor
Vehicles) and 373 (Shipbuilding Repair)
36 Electrical Equipment and Supplies)
19-39 (Total Manufacturing)
373 (Shipbuilding and Repair)
34-39 (Metal Products, Machinery, Transporta-
tion Equipment, Instruments, Miscellaneous)
2 x 7216, Plus 7215 and 7218 (Dry Cleaning
and Combination with Wet Laundering)
264, 265, and 27 (Paper Products, Containers,
Printing and Publishing)
30 (Rubber and Plastics)
1/2 of 19-39 Employment + 1/2 County
Employment
56
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TABLE 2: ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Special Naphthas
Perchloroethylene
Ethanol
Trichloroethylene
Isopropanol
Acetone
Glycol Ethers
Cyclohexanone
Hethyl Ethyl Ketone
Ethyl Benzene
Propylene Glycol
Methanol
Butyl Acetate
Ethyl Acetate
Butyl Alcohols
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Monochlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
57
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TABLE 3. 1985 ORGANIC SOLVENTS BY END USE CATEGORY (%)
01
oo
Consumption
SOLVENT (MM Ibs)
Special Napthas
Perch lor oe thy lene
Ethanol
Trichloroe thy lene
Isopropanol
Acetone
Glycol Ethers
Cyclohexanone
Methanol Ethyl Ketone
Ethyl Benzene
Propylene Glycol
Methanol
Butyl Acetate
Ethyl Acetate
Butyl Alcohols
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Monochlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
7364
595
9087
180
1177
1877
385 ***
40 ***
508
6700
447
12,197
101
214
886
148
233
45
64
Surface Degreasing Drycleaning
Coating
48.7 6.7 2.0
10.0 53.0
80.0
15.0
17.0
43.0
69.0
65.0
41.0
15.5
65.0
21,0 **
Graphic Rubber/ Misc. Other
Arts Plastic Industry
6.4 9.6 7.1
26.0
9.0
10.0
5.0
4.0 10.0
54.0 4.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
1.8
8.0
21.0 **
25.0
23.0
10.7
4.0 *
5.0 *
37.0
11.5 *
0.5
6.0
15.0
3.0
13.0
1.3
18.0
11.0 *
5.0 *
46.0
* Not identified as solvent or non-solvent other.
** Equally distributed where unspeciated.
*** Consumption = Production + Imports - Exports (from Chemical Products Synopsis).
-------
employment for SIC groups 34 through 39. Area source employment is determined
by subtracting point source employment from total county employment for each
SIC category. For dry cleaning applications, the countywide allocation is made
on the basis of total employment in SIC groups 7215, 7216, and 7218. In the
category "Other Miscellaneous Solvent Use," county allocation is based on
one-half county population plus one-half total industrial employment. To
reflect the unequal solvent use in particular establishments within SIC groups,
consumption is multiplied by a factor which compares the number of individuals
in the county in each area source user category to the number ot individuals in
the nation in each area source user category. County consumption of each
solvent type is then summed for each county to yield a total county
consumption.
The reported national consumption of each solvent is extracted from DOE
Petroleum Supply Annual and ITC Synthetic Organic Chemicals. The
percentage of each solvent consumed by each solvent-user category is obtained
f-i r p
from Chemical Products Synopsis and "Chemical Profiles". Total employment
^ 2 •
is obtained from County Business Patterns.^ Point sources employment is
7 ft
estimated using plant data from NEDS point source file and employment data
22
from County Business Patterns. County population is obtained from County
12
Population Reports.
Emission Factors
Emission factors for release of VOC assume complete evaporation of all
1 ft
miscellaneous organic solvents (2000 pounds VOC per ton of solvent used).
59
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UNPAVED ROADS
Vehicle traffic over unpaved roads, parking areas, and recreational areas
generates fugitive dust emissions which are estimated in NEDS. Primary
factors which affect the amount of dust generated are vehicle speed, surface
type, wind speed, surface moisture, and type of vehicle. Methodologies for
the estimation of activity level measured in vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and
for emission factor derivation are described below.
Activity Level
The methodology developed by NADB to determine the county VMT on unpaved
roads is based on regression analysis of data collected for VMT per county and
mileage of unpaved roads per county.°9 County road mileages for this study
were obtained from state transportation or highway departments. VMT was found
to be dependent on the county population and mileage of unpaved roads in the
county.
County population statistics are taken from County Population Reports.^
State road mileage for surface types A through E are published annually by
FHWA Highway Statistics.31
Emission Factors
Emission factors are computed using the equation in AP-42.1^ The
aerodynamic particle size multiplier corresponding to the inclusion of
particles less than or equal to 30 micrometers was used. Average vehicle
speed is assumed to be 40 miles per hour-69 Road surface material, silt
content, and the number of days with precipitation are taken from MRI.^0 Mean
vehicle weight for 4-wheeled vehciles is assumed to be 3 tons.69
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UNPAVED AIRSTRIPS
Unpaved airstrip emissions are affected by the same primary factors as
unpaved roads. Fugitive emissions from unpaved airstrip use are measured by
annual landing-take off (LTD) cycles on unpaved airstrips in each county. The
activity level estimate derived for each county in the NEDS is multiplied by
an adjusted emission factor to obtain a particulate emissions estimate.
Activity Level
developed a methodology to measure the activity level by LTD cycles
at unpaved airstrips within the county. Unpaved airstrip LTOs are determined
by identifying all airports which have airstrips made of dirt, sand, gravel,
or gravel pavement, excluding airports with no based aircraft, airports no
longer in operation, helioports, and seaplane bases. The number of aircraft
based in each airport is tallied for each county and then multiplied by 250.
During the MRI study, local FAA officials estimated the typical number of LTOs
of a based aircraft at small airport facilities is 250 per year.
Emission Factors
The particulate emission factor was obtained from AP-42.^-^ For the
purposes of these calculations, average LTD speed is estimated at 40 miles per
hour, the length of the runway to complete on LTD is one mile, and the
wind-erosion multiplier equals 2. Surface texture is determined for each
state based on the number and type of non-surfaced airstrips and average soil
silt content for each county. 70
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CONSTRUCTION
Road and building construction activities generate particulate emissions.
Principal activities in construction which cause dust emissions are land
clearing, excavation, and vehicle traffic around the construction site.
Variables known to affect emissions are soil type, moisture, wind speed and
type of operations on-site. At present, no methodology is available to
estimate activity level on the county level. However, emission factors are
available from AP-42.1?
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MISCELLANEOUS WIND EROSION
In some areas, large dust emissions are generated as a result of windblown
dust. At present, no methodology to estimate activity levels on a county
basis is available. No emission factors are available.
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LAND TILLING
Fugitive dust emissions result from various soil preparation operations
which include rough plowing, mulch plowing, and the cutting of narrow slits
into the sod for seed and/or fertilizer. Variables known to affect the
quantity of dust generated are soil type, surface moisture, resulting tool
speed, type of equipment, and wind speed. However, no methodology has been
developed to adequately estimate emissions. For previous inventories, activity
levels were estimated using the number of acres tilled as obtained from the
Census of Agriculture.^ It was assumed that each acre of harvested cropland
is tilled three times per year.55 xhe resultant activity levels were reported
in thousands of acres. The particulate emission factor is found in AP-42.17
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FOREST WILDFIRES
Each year emissions are generated by forest wildfires covering large
tracts of forested land. For this category, emission estimates are generated
by multiplying the number of acres burned per county by a fuel loading factor
and then the emission factor.
Activity Level
In the original methodology, IIT allocated state estimates of wildfire
activity to the county level on the basis of forest acreage per county. IIT
obtained wildfire statistics, reported in number acres burned, from contact
with State forestry officials and from State land usage maps for the base year
of 1974.7^ Since 1974, the NEDS wildfire activity level for each county from
the previous year has been updated with wildfire statistics from the U.S.
Forest Service.72 Regional fuel loading factors in tons per acre for each EPA
region from AP-42-^ are applied to state averages within each region to yield
tons consumed.
Emission Factors
All emission factors except VOC are taken directly from AP-42.1? For VOCS
it is assumed that 79.7 percent of the total VOC by weight is reactive.1&
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MANAGED BURNING (SLASH/PRESCRIBED BURNING)
Managed burning activities included in this area source category are slash
burning and prescribed burning. In slash burning operations, wastes from
logging operations are burned under controlled conditions to reduce fire
hazard and remove brush considered to serve host to destructive insects.
Prescribed burning is used as a forest management practice to establish
favorable seed-beds, remove competing underbrush, accelerate nutrient cycling,
control tree pests, and contribute other ecological benefits.
For this category, emissions estimates are generated by multiplying the
number of acres burned in each county by a fuel loading factor and the
emission factor for each pollutant.
Activity Level
Original state estimates of acreage consumed by both managed burning
techniques were .determined by-IIT for the NEDS inventory year of 1974.^1
Individual state officials and the U.S. Forest Service were contacted to
provide estimates of acreage turned, burning technique, and fuel loading
ratios. The 1985 NAPAP inventory utilizes state data generated for 1974 which
was allocated to the county level according to forest acreage per county as
obtained from contact with local officials or state land usage maps. If not
provided, fuel loadings for slash burning and prescribed burning are 75 tons
per acre and 3 tons per acre, respectively. 55
Emission Factors
Particulate and CO emission factors are obtained from the Source
Assessment. 73 SQ^ and NOX emi'ssion factors are taken directly from
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AGRICULTURAL BURNING
This miscellaneous area source category estimates emissions from
agricultural burning practices routinely used to clear and/or prepare land for
planting. Specific operations include grass stubble burning, burning of
agricultural crop residues, and burning of standing field crops as part of
harvesting (e.g. sugar cane). Emissions estimates are generated by multiplying
the number of acres burned in each county by a fuel loading factor and the
emission factor for each pollutant.
Activity Level
The original methodology developed by IIT Research?^ estimated the 1974
activity level in terms of acres burned per state. It is assumed that the
total quantity of agricultural products burned in 1974 is the same quantity
which will be consumed by fire each year. If no specific crop data were
available, it was assumed that the number of acres burned annually are divided
equally between sugar cane and field crops.^ For the purposes of these
calculations, fuel loadings for grass burning are 1 to 2 tons per acre; for
sugar cane burning, fuel loadings range from 6 to 12 tons per acre.55
Emission Factors
Emission factors are taken from the Procedures Document^ an
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FROST CONTROL (ORCHARD HEATERS)
Orchard heaters are used to control frost, particularly by citrus grove
operators. Variables known to affect the generation of emissions from this
area source include the total number and type of orchard heaters, the number
of units in operation at one time, and the amount of time each unit is used
each night.55 Because the above data have not been available to date and
emissions from this source are considered negligible compared to other area
sources, no methodology has been developed to estimate activity levels.
Emission factors are found in AP-42.^-^
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STRUCTURAL FIRES
Structural fires have been included in the NEDS because building fires
have been identified in the production of short-term emissions of air
contaminants. Activity level for this category, measured by the total number
of fires per county, is multiplied by a loading factor and the emission factor
to obtain emissions estimates.
Activity Level
The total number of building fires is obtained from the most recent
statistics from the National Fire Protection Association.^ in absence of
county level allocation data, it is assumed, based on the nationwide figures
given by the above reference, an average of four fires per 1,000 population
occur each year. Estimates of the material burned is obtained by multiplying
the number structural fires by a fuel factor of 6.8 tons of material per
fire.18
Emission Factors
Emission factors are taken from the OAQPS Technical Tables.?5
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SECTION 7
ADDITIONAL AREA SOURCES
The 1985 NAPAP inventory will provide detailed county level VOC emissions
estimates for additional area sources which previously have not been included
in the NEDS area source categories. In this section, methods have been
developed for many categories which have been traditionally considered point
source categories such as Bakeries and Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing. These
categories were included to reconcile the difference between their total
emissions reported in the National Air Pollutant Emissions Estimates
1940-198475 and emissions already accounted for by the NEDS point source data
files.28 The remaining categories such as Publicly-Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs) and Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs)
have been included due to the difficulty in measurement of emissions from a
specific point (e.g., aeration basin). Because the additional categories are
considered to generate significant VOC emissions, existing methodologies and
data used by NEDS have been improved to provide accurate emissions estimates.
In this section, methodologies for estimating VOC emissions developed by
GCA are presented for the following area sources: publicly owned treatment
works (POTWs); hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDFs); fugitive emissions from synthetic organic chemical manufacturing;
bulk terminals and bulk plants; fugitive emissions from petroleum refining
operations; process emissions from bakeries, pharmaceutical, and
synthetic-fiber manufacturing; crude oil and natural gas production fields;
and cutback asphalt paving operations.
For most categories, national VOC emissions are allocated to the county
level to produce county VOC emissions estimates. Activity levels, emission
factors, and control efficiencies are used to determine emissions for the
remaining sources.
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PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTWs)
In the February 1986 Report to Congress on the Discharge of Hazardous
Waste to Publicly Owned Treatment Works, the U.S. EPA Office of Water
Regulations and Standards estimated that between 14 and 25 percent of all
volatile pollutants discharged to POTWs are stripped to the ambient air- This
corresponds to a national VOC emissions level between 12,900 and 23,200 metric
tons from POTWs annually.^6 It has also been found that the range in VOC
emissions potential is directly dependent on the level of acclimation of the
POTW treatment system to the influent chemical constitution and
concentration. Due to the variability in the percentage of industrial flow
and chemical content reflected by POTW influent wastestreams, it is assumed
that POTW treatment systems remain unacclimated. Therefore, the national VOC
emissions level of 23,200 metric tons estimated for unacclimated treatment
systems has been selected for use in the calculation of county VOC emissions
in the 1985 NAPAP inventory.
The concentration of volatile organic compounds found in the POTW influent
has been found to be directly proportional to the industrial contribution to a
POTW. Additional research has also shown that for many conventional and
priority pollutants, as influent concentrations increase, effluent
concentrations also increase.?? This implies that the removal mechanisms for
these pollutants are relatively constant and that only a percentage of
incremental loadings are removed by POTWs. Based upon the above findings, the
national VOC emissions estimate for unacclimated treatment systems is
allocated to the county level based upon the percentage of industrial flow per
county. Industrial flow data are readily available from the EPA Office of
Municipal Pollution Control biennial assessment of the wastewater treatment
needs in the United States.78
National VOC emissions from POTWs are allocated to the county level by
obtaining the total industrial flow for each county as a percentage of the
total industrial flow for the nation. The total VOC emissions from POTWs for
the nation are estimated in the EPA Domestic Sewage Study.76
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HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES (TSDFs)
The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is currently engaged
in activities to study the characteristics and impacts of air emissions from
TSDFs. The Emission Standards and Engineering Division (ESED) is in the
process of developing national VOC emissions estimates for TSDFs based on
facility-specific process descriptions, waste characterization and quantities,
and VOC speciation contained in the Hazardous Waste Data Management System
(HWDMS).'" In general, emissions from each plant process at a TSDF are summed
to form the national emissions estimates. Speciated emissions from each plant
process are calculated as the quantity of a specific waste handled multiplied
by a process specific emission factor. Process specific emission factors are
obtained from the Background Information Documents for TSDFs.^0
Using the same method and data from HWDMS, county emission estimates for
10 species of VOCs will be calculated as the sum of respective speciated VOC
emissions generated by all TSDFs located within each county.
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FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FROM SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
The synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (SOCMI) has been
found to contribute significant fugitive VOC emissions. In the following
section, county emissions estimates are obtained by allocating national
emissions estimates to the county level using employment data.
The fugitive emissions from synthetic organic chemical manufacturing have
been estimated by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards based
on national production data for the manufacture of petrochemicals.^5 Another
study developed an industry emission factor which has been established for the
purpose of estimating the fugitive VOC emissions.^
Assuming that the potential for fugitive emissions (i.e., the number of
pumps, valves, flanges, etc.) increases with the number of employees, the
national VOC emissions are allocated to specific counties based on the ratio
of the county to national employment in SIC category 2869. Current employment
data are obtained from Bureau of Census County Business Patterns.22
Currently, NEDS point source entries under several Source Classification
Codes (SCCs) account for a portion of these fugitive emissions. These are
3-01-800 (General Processes-Fugitive Leaks), 3-01-888 (Fugitive Emissions-Not
Classified) and a large number of chemical production-specific SCC's
designated as Fugitive Emissions: General.28 The total VOC emissions for
these SCCs are totalled by county and then subtracted from the national
emissions estimate to remove the potential for double counting of emission
sources.
This method of emission allocation presents a potential problem of
developing negative area source emissions estimates for counties that have a
greater level of point source VOC emissions reported in NEDS than the overall
emission level allocated from the national fugitive VOC emissions estimate.
To address this problem, it is assumed that the area source SOCMI fugitive VOC
emissions for any county exhibiting negative area source emission levels are
adequately represented by point source VOC emissions data reported in NEDS.
To remove the potential of double counting emission sources, the national sum
of all negative emissions is reallocated to the counties exhibiting positive
emission levels based on the relative proportion of employment for SIC
category 2869 located in each.
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BULK TERMINALS AND BULK PLANTS
To determine county estimates, GCA allocates national bulk terminal and
bulk plant emissions data to the county level in three steps. The methodology
uses national VOC emissions estimates for non-NSPS gasoline bulk terminals and
bulk plants developed by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
based on total annual throughput.75 This study includes the use of VOC
control efficiencies and emission factors based on throughput for both
transfer and storage operations. The VOC emission control is assumed to be
negligible at bulk plants.
Assuming that the potential for VOC emissions (i.e., the size of storage
and transfer operations) increases with the number of employees, the national
VOC emissions estimate is allocated to the county level based on the
percentage of national employment in SIC category 5171 located in each
county. County employment statistics are taken from Bureau of Census County
Business 'Patterns.22
Currently, NEDS accounts for a portion of these emissions in the point
source data files for SCC 4-04-001 (Bulk Terminals) and SCC 4-04-002 (Bulk
Plants).28 The VOC county emissions totals for each of these SCCs are
subtracted from the portion of the corresponding national VOC emissions
estimate to avoid double counting VOC emissions for these sources. The
difference represents the VOC emissions in each county not accounted for as
point sources in NEDS which are attributed to area sources.
The potential problem of developing negative area source emissions
estimates for counties that have a greater level of point source VOC emissions
reported in NEDS than the overall emission level allocated from the national
VOC emissions estimate, is addressed by assuming that the VOC emission levels
for these counties are adequately represented by the point source VOC
emissions data reported in NEDS. To remove the potential of double counting
emission sources, the sum of all negative emissions is reallocated to the
counties exhibiting positive emission levels based on the relative proportion
of employment for SIC category 5171 located in each.
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FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERY OPERATIONS
In the following section, the methodology developed by GCA is documented
for petroleum refinery operations. Using this method, national emissions data
are allocated to each county based on refinery capacity data published in DOE
Petroleum Supply Annual.65
Annual VOC emissions estimates for petroleum refinery operations have been
developed by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
using capacity or production data.^5 Assuming that these national VOC
emissions estimates represents the sum of the fugitive and point source
emissions for refinery processes, the quantification of fugitive emissions is
achieved by subtracting the total county point source VOC emissions for SCC
categories 3-06-004 through 3-06-888 (Refinery Processes, excluding process
heaters and catalytic cracking units) listed in NEDS2& from the total
emissions estimated for petroleum refinery processes in each county,
respectively. This difference represents the portion of petroleum refinery
operations VOC emissions attributed to area sources in each county.
The potential problem of developing negative area source emissions
estimates for counties that have a greater level of VOC emissions reported in
NEDS than the emission level allocated from the national VOC emissions
estimate, is addressed by assuming that the VOC emission levels for these
counties are adequately represented by the point source VOC emissions data
reported in NEDS. To remove the potential of double counting emission
sources, the sum of all negative emissions is reallocated to the counties
exhibiting positive emission levels based on the relative percentage of
refinery capacity represented by each.
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PROCESS EMISSIONS FROM BAKERIES
A methodology for estimating process emissions from bakery operations has
been developed by GCA which allocates national emissions estimates to the
county level based on employment data as described below.
Annual VOC emissions estimates from bakery operations have been developed
by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS).75 The
allocation of this national VOC emissions estimate to specific counties is
based upon the county employment census data for SIC categories 2051 and
2052. Assuming that the potential for area source emissions increases with
the number of employees, the national VOC emissions estimate is distributed to
specific counties relative to the percentage of the national employment for
SIC categories 2051 and 2052 located in each county. County employment data
are available in Bureau of Census County Business Patterns.22
To avoid double counting the VOC emissions from major point sources, the
total county point source VOC emissions for SCC 3-02-032 (Bakeries) listed in
NEDS^B are subtracted from the national VOC emissions estimate allocated to
each county. This difference represents the portion of bakery operations VOC
emissions attributed to area sources.
The potential problem of developing negative area source emissions
estimates for counties that have a greater level of point source VOC emissions
reported in NEDS than the emission level allocated from the national VOC
emissions estimate, is addressed by assuming that the VOC emission levels for
these counties are adequately represented by the point source VOC emissions
data reported in NEDS. For these instances, the sum of all negative emissions
is reallocated to the counties exhibiting positive emission levels based on
the relative proportion of employment for SIC categories 2051 and 2052 located
in each.
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PROCESS EMISSIONS FROM PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
Emissions are known to be released from process operations during the
manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Although the magnitude of emissions
varies widely within and among operations, the following unit operations have
been identified as contributing to process emissions: dryers, reactors,
distillation units, filters, extractors, centrifuges, and crystallizers.&2 in
the following section, county estimates of the above emissions are determined
using a methodology developed by GCA.
Annual VOC emissions estimates from pharmaceutical manufacturing
operations have been developed by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS).75 The allocation of this national VOC emissions estimate
to specific counties is based upon the county employment census data for SIC
category 2834. Assuming that the potential for area source emissions
increases with the number of employees, the national VOC emissions estimate is
distributed to specific counties relative to the percentage of the national
employment for SIC category 2834 located in each county. Employment
statistics for SIC category 2834 are obtained from Bureau of Census County
Business Patterns.22
To avoid double counting the VOC emissions from major point sources, the
total point source VOC emissions for SCC 3-01-060 (Pharmaceutical
Preparations) listed in NEDS^S for each county are subtracted from the
national VOC emissions estimate allocated to each county, respectively. This
difference represents the portion of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations
VOC emissions attributed to area sources.
The potential problem of developing negative area source emissions
estimates for counties that have a greater level of point source VOC emissions
reported in NEDS than the emission level allocated from the national VOC
emissions estimate, is addressed by assuming that the VOC emission levels for
these counties are adequately represented by the point source VOC emissions
data reported in NEDS. For these instances, the sum of all negative emissions
is reallocated to the counties exhibiting positive emission levels based on
the relative proportion of employment for SIC category 2834 located in each.
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PROCESS EMISSIONS FROM SYNTHETICS-FIBERS MANUFACTURING
The methodology used to estimate process emissions from synthetic-fibers
manufacturing has been developed by GCA. In general terms, national emissions
estimates are allocated to the county level based on employment data as
outlined in this section.
Annual VOC emissions estimates from synthetic-fibers manufacturing
operations have been developed by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS).75 xhe allocation of the -national VOC emissions estimate to
specific counties is based upon the county employment census data for SIC
categories 2823 and 2824. Assuming that the potential for area source
emissions increases with the number of employees, the national VOC emissions
estimate is distributed to specific counties relative to the percentage of the
combined national employment for SIC categories 2823 and 2834 located in each
county. Employment data are obtained from Bureau of Census County Business
Patterns.22
To avoid double counting the VOC emissions from major point sources, the
total point source VOC emissions for SCC 3-01-024 (Synthetic Organic Fiber
Production) and 3-01-025 (Cellulosic Fiber Production)) listed in NEDS28 for
each county are subtracted from the national emissions estimate allocated to
each county, respectively. This difference represents the portion of
synthetic-fibers manufacturing operations VOC emissions attributed to area
sources.
The potential problem of developing negative area source emissions
estimates for counties that have a greater level of point source VOC emissions
reported in NEDS than the emission level allocated from the national VOC
emissions estimate, is addressed by assuming that the VOC emission levels for
these counties are adequately represented by the point source VOC emissions
data reported in NEDS. For these instances, the sum of all negative emissions
is reallocated to the counties exhibiting positive emission levels based on
the relative proportion of employment of SIC categories 2823 and 2824 located
in each.
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CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION FIELDS
Crude oil and natural gas production fields have been identified as
releasing significant VOC emissions. For the 1985 inventory, previously
calculated national emissions estimates are allocated to each county based on
State annual production and county employment.
Annual VOC emissions estimates for crude oil and natural gas production
have been developed by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.?5 xhe allocation of the national VOC emissions estimates for crude
oil and natural gas production to specific counties is based on annual State
production statistics and county employment census data for SIC category
1310. State-specific production figures allow for the distribution of the
national VOC emissions to the State level in proportion to the volume of State
annual production. State-specific production figures for crude oil and
natural gas-are available in the Petroleum Supply Annual*^ and the Oil and Gas
Journal,°^ respectively. Each State's VOC emissions potential is then
allocated to specific counties relative to the percentage of the State
employment for SIC category 1310 located in each county. Employment data are
found in Bureau of Census County Business Patterns.^2
A portion of the VOC emissions for these sources are currently accounted
for in NEDS point source data files28 for SCC 3-10-001 (Crude Oil Production)
and SCC 3-10-002 (Natural Gas Production). To avoid double counting the VOC
emissions for crude oil and natural gas production fields, the total point
source VOC emissions listed in NEDS for these two industries are subtracted
from their respective national estimates. The difference represents the VOC
emissions attributed to area sources associated with crude oil and natural gas
production.
The potential problem of developing negative area source emissions
estimates for counties that have a greater level of point source VOC emissions
reported in NEDS than the emission level allocated from the national VOC
emissions estimate, is addressed by assuming that the VOC emission levels for
these counties are adequately represented by the point source VOC emissions
data reported in NEDS. For these instances, the sum of all negative emissions
is reallocated to the counties exhibiting positive emission levels based on
the relative proportion of employment for SIC category 1310 located in each.
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CUTBACK ASPHALT PAVING OPERATIONS
Cutback asphalt paving operations are known to generate significant
emissions. For this category, State activity level is multiplied by an
emission factor and then allocated to the county level using county employment
data.
State VOC emissions for cutback asphalt paving operations are calculated
by multiplying the activity level, measured in total quantity of cutback
asphalt sales, by an emission factor. An emission factor in kilograms of VOC
per ton of asphalt used has been established by the EPA Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards which assumes complete evaporation of all organic
solvents used in paving operations. '->
The cutback asphalt sales information provided by The Asphalt Institute is
organized by state and district.°^ The state emissions totals are then
allocated to specific counties relative to the percentage of the state
employment for SIC category 1611 located in each county. Employment data are
obtained from Bureau of Census County Business Patterns.22
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13. Gas Facts - 1985; A Statistical Record of the Gas Utility Industry
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Air Data Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1987.
29. "Purchased Fuels and Electric Energy Used for Heat and Power by Industry
Group and SMSA's by Major Industry Group" in 1982 Annual Survey of
Manufacturers (Biennial). U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census,
Washington, DC, 1984.
30. NEB77A Program Modifications: Systems Requirements Statement. Prepared
by GCA Technology, Incorporated, Bedford, MA,for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, National
Air Data Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1986.
31. Highway Statistics 1985 (Annual). U.S. Department of Transportation,
Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, October 1986.
32. Calculations for Fuel Efficiencies. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, National Air Data Branch,
Research Triangle Park, NC, 1985.
33. National Vehicle Population Profile Data Tape. R. L. Polk and Company,
Detroit, MI, July 1986.
34. NE099 Program Modifications: System Requirements Statement. Prepared by
GCA Technology, Incorporated, Bedford, MA, for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, National
Air Data Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1986.
35. 1982 Census of Transportation; Truck Inventory and Use Survey-Unified
States. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, Data User
Services Division, Customer Services, Washington, DC, September 1985.
36. Telecommunication between Peter Hayden, ERT, Concord, MA, and
Leslie Miacco, GCA Technology Corporation, Bedford, MA, April 4, 1986.
37. User's Guide to MOBILE3 (Mobile Source Emissions Model).
EPA 460/3-84-002, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile
Sources, Ann Arbor, MI, June 1984.
38. Procedure and Basis for Estimating On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions,
Supplement 4. California Air Resources Board, June 1983.
39. Telecommunication between Jane Armstrong, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, Ann Arbor, MI and C. J. Maiocco,
GCA/Technology Division, Bedford, MA, June-4 and-18, 1985.
40. Exhaust Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using
Internal Combustion Engines, Final Report - Part 5: Heavy-Duty Farm,
Construction, and Industrial Engines. EHS-70-108, Southwest Research
Institute, San Antonio, TX, October-1973.
83
-------
41. 1982 Census of Agriculture - State and County Data. U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of Census, Washington, DC, 198A.
42. 1982 Census of Agriculture - Summary and State Data: United States.
Volume I, Part-51. U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Census,
Washington, DC, 1986.
43. OAQPS Data Files of Nationwide Emissions. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, 1985.
44. 1985 Motorcycle Statistical Annual. Motorcycle Industry Council, Inc.,
Research and Statistics Department, Costa Mesa, CA, 1985.
45. 1985-1986 North American Snowmobile Registration Survey. Personal
communication with Catherine A. Ahern, International Snowmobile
Association, 3975 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030.
46. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data Manual. EPA 450/4-80-015,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
July 1980.
47- User's Guide to Mobile2 (Mobile Source Emissions Model).
EPA 460/3-81-006, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile
Sources, Test and Evaluation Branch, Ann Arbor, MI, February 1981.
48. FAA Air Traffic Activity FY 1985 (Annual). U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC,
April 1986.
49. Military Air Traffic Activity. Data obtained from Gene-Mercer, U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration,
Washington,DC, 1986.
50. Census of U.S. Civil Aircraft (Annual). U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC,
December 1985.
51. Jane's All the World's Aircraft. Published by Jane's British Publishing
Co., London, Great Britain, 1980.
52. Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Military and Civil Aircraft.
EPA-450/3-78-117, (NTIS PB292520),U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC, October-1978.
53. FAA Aviation Forecasts; Fiscal Years 1981-1982 (Annual). U.S. Department
of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC,
September 1980.
84
-------
54. NEDS Area Source Emission Factor File. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, National Air Data
Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1985.
55. AEROS Manual Series Volume II; AEROS User's Manual. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, National
Air Data Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1984.
56. Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene. U.S. Department of Energy, Bureau of
Mines, Washington, DC, 1975.
57. Waterborne Commerce of the United States (Annual). U.S. Department of the
Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, LA, 1975.
58. Boating Registration Statistics. National Marine Manufacturers
Association, New York, NY, 1986.
59. Area Measurement Reports: U.S. Summary. GE 20, No. 1, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of Census, Washington, DC, May 1970.
60. 1968 National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices, Interim Report.
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Services,
Cincinnati, OH, 1968.
61. 1968 National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices, Preliminary Data
Analysis. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public
Health Services, Cincinnati, OH, 1968.
62. National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-1984. EPA 450/4-85-014,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, January 1986.
63. Inventory of Intermediate Size Incinerators in the United States 1972.
Pollution Engineering, November 1973.
64. 1982 Census of Retail Trade. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
Census, Washington, DC, November 1984.
65. Petroleum Supply Annual. DOE/EIA-0340, U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Oil and Gas, Washington, DC, May 1986.
•
66. Synthetic Organic Chemicals: U.S. Production and Sales, 1985. U.S.
International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, 1986.
67. Chemical Products Synopsis. Mannsville Chemical Products Corporation,
Cortland, NY, May 1985.
68. "Chemical Profiles" in Chemical Marketing Reporter (Weekly). Schnell
Publishing Company, New York, NY, 1985.
85
-------
69. National Emission Data System Methodology for Unpaved Roads. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, National Air Data Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1987.
70. Emissions Inventory of Agricultural Tilling. Unpaved Roads and Airstrips,
and Construction Sites. EPA-450/3-74-085, (NTIS PB238919), Prepared by
Midwest Research Institute for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC,
November 1974.
71. Emissions Inventory from Forest Wildfires, Forest Managed Burns, and
Agricultural Burns. EPA-450/3-74-062, (NTIS PB238766), Prepared by IIT
Research for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, November 1974.
72. 1985 Wildfire Statistics. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Washington, DC, 1986.
73. Source Assessment Prescribed Burning; State-of-the-Art.
EPA 600/2-79-019h, (NTIS PB80-181472), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, November 1979.
74. Structural Fire Statistics 1985. National Fire Protection Association,
Boston, MA, 1986.
75. Technical tables to the National Air Pollutant Emissions Estimates,
1940-1984. EPA-450/4-85-014, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC,
January 1986.
76. Report to Congress on the Discharge of Hazardous Waste to Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (The Domestic Sewage Study). EPA 530-SW-86-004, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC, February 1986.
77- Fate of Priority Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treatment Works: Volume 1.
Final Report. EPA 450/1-82-303, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, DC, September 1982.
78. Technical Tables to the 1984 Needs Survey Report to Congress; Assessment
of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United
States. EPA 430/9-84-011, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Municipal Pollution Control, Washington, DC, February 1985.
79. 1985 Hazardous Waste Data Management System. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC, 1985.
86
-------
80. (Draft) Background Information Document for Chapter 1-6, Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities; Land Treatment. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Emission Standards and Engineering Division, Research Triangle
Park, NC, February 6, 1986.
(Draft) Background Information Document for Chapter 1-6, Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities; Landfills. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Emission Standards and Engineering Division, Research Triangle
Park, NC, February 6, 1986.
(Draft) Background Information Document for Chapter 1-6, Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities; Surface Impoundments and
Wastewater Treatment Systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Standards and
Engineering Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, February 6, 1986.
(Draft) Background Information Document for Chapter 1-6, Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities: Transfer, Storage, and
Handling Operations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Standards and Engineering
Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, February 6, 1986.
81. VOC Fugitive Emissions in Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing
Industry - Background Information for Promulgated Standards of
Performance. EPA 450/3-80-033b (NTIS PB84-105311), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC, June 1982.
82. Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Synthesized
Pharmaceutical Products. EPA-450/2-78-029 (NTIS PB290580), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, December
1978.
83. Oil and Gas Journal. Published by the Energy Group of PennWell Publishing
Company, Tulsa, OK, July 1986.
84. Asphalt Usage 1985 United States and Canada. The Asphalt Institute,
College Park, MD, July-1986.
87
-------
APPENDIX A
EMISSION FACTOR LISTING
A-l
-------
TABLE A-l. 1985 NAPAP AREA SOURCE CATEGORY EMISSION FACTOR
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
sec
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010
Oil
012
013
014
015
016
017
018
019
020
021
022
023
024
025
026
027
028
029
030
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
039
040
Category Description
Residential Fuel - Anthracite Coal
Residential Fuel - Bituminous Coal
Residential Fuel - Distillate Oil
Residential Fuel - Residual Oil
Residential Fuel - Natural Gas
Residential Fuel - Wood
Commercial/Institutional Fuel - Anthracite Coal
Commercial/Institutional Fuel - Bituminous Coal
Commercial/Institutional Fuel - Distillate Oil
Commercial/Institutional Fuel - Residual Oil
Commercial/Institutional Fuel - Natural Gas
Commercial/Institutional Fuel - Wood
Industrial Fuel - Anthracite Coal
Industrial Fuel - Bituminous Coal
Industrial Fuel - Coke
Industrial Fuel - Distillate Oil
Industrial Fuel - Residual Oil
Industrial Fuel - Natural Gas
Industrial Fuel - Wood
Industrial Fuel - Process Gas
On-Site Incineration - Residential
On-Site Incineration - Industrial
On-Site Incineration - Commercial/Institutional
Open Burning - Residential
Open Burning - Industrial
Open Burning - Commercial/Residential
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Limited Access Roads
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Rural Roads
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Suburban Roads
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Urban Roads
Light Duty Truck Gasoline Vehicles - Limited Access Roads
Light Duty Truck Gasoline Vehicles - Rural Roads
Light Duty Truck Gasoline Vehicles - Suburban Roads
Light Duty Truck Gasoline Vehicles - Urban Roads
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Limited Access Roads
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Rural Roads
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Suburan Roads
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Urban Roads
Off-Highway Gasoline Vehicles
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles - Limited Access Roads
Units
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
lb/103 gal
lb/103 gal
lb/106 ft3
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
lb/103 gal
lb/103 gal
lb/106 ft3
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
lb/103 gal
lb/103 gal
lb/106 ft3
Ib/ton
lb/106 ft3
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
Ib/ton
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
lb/103 gal
g/mi
(continued)
A-2
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
SCC
Category Description
Units
041 Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles - Rural Roads
042 Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles - Suburban Roads
043 Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles - Urban Roads
044 Off-Highway Diesel Vehicles
045 Railroad Locomotives
046 Aircraft LTOs - Military
047 Aircraft LTOs - Civil
048 Aircraft LTOs - Commercial
049 Vessels - Coal
050 Vessels - Diesel Oil
051 Vessels - Residual Oil
052 Vessels - Gasoline
053 Solvents Purchased"'
054 Gasoline Marketed
055 Unpaved Road Travel
056 Unpaved Airstrip LTOs
057 Construction
058 Miscellaneous Wind Erosion
059 Land Tilling (Cultivation)
060 Forest Wild Fires
061 Managed Burning - Prescribed
062 Agricultural Field Burning
063 Frost Control - Orchard Heaters
064 Structural Fires
071 Beef Cattle Manure Field Application
072 Dairy Cattle Manure Field Application
073 Hog and Pig Manure Field Application
074 Broiler Chicken Manure Field Application
075 Other Chicken Manure Field Application
076 Anhydrous Ammonia Fertilizer Application
077 Beef Cattle Feed Lots
078 Degreasing
079 Drycleaning
080 Graphic Arts (Printing)
081 Rubber and Plastics Manufacturing
082 Architectural Coating
g/mi
g/mi
g/mi
lb/10^ gal
lb/103 gal
Ib/LTO
Ib/LTO
Ib/LTO
Ib/ton
lb/103 gal
lb/103 gal
lb/103 gal
Ib/ton
lb/103 gal
Ib/vehicle mile
Ib/LTO
(no emission factor)
1.2 tons/acre construction
no emission factor
no emission factor
""''Ib/ton burned
"'"'Ib/ton burned
"""Ib/ton
Ib/days fired
Ib/structure fire
Ib/animal
Ib/animal
Ib/animal
Ib/animal
Ib/animal
Ib/ton
lb/day/100 head
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
(continued)
"'This category is brokendown into NAPAP categories 0|$ through 095.
"•'"'•'State-specific loading factor tons/acre burned) must be included in calculation,
A-3
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
SCC
Category Description
Units
083 Auto Body Repair
084 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
085 Paper Coating
086 Fabricated Metals
087 Machinery Manufacturing
088 Furniture Manufacturing
089 Flat Wood Products
090 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
091 Electrical Equipment Manufacturing
092 Ship Building and Repairing
093 Miscellaneous Industrial Manufacturing
094 Miscellaneous Industrial Solvent Use
095 Miscellaneous Nonindustrial Solvent Use
096 Minor Utility Sources - Coal
097 Minor Utility Sources - Oil
098 Minor Utility Sources - Gas
099 Minor Point Sources
100 Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
101 Cutback Asphalt Paving Operation ?i
102 Fugitive Emissions From Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturing
103 Bulk Terminal and Bulk Plants
104 Fugitive Emissions From Petroleum Refinery
Operations
105 Process Emissions From Bakeries
106 Process Emissions From Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
107 Process Emission From Synthetic-Fibers
Manufacturing
108 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production*Fields
109 Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities (TSDFs)
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton used
Ib/ton
lb/103 gal
lb/106ft3
Ib/ton
ton/103 gal
Ib/ton asphalt
no emission factor
no emission factor
no emission factor
no emission factor
no emission factor
no emission factor
no emission faccor
no emission factor
A-4
-------
TABLE A-2. 1985 NEDS AREA SOURCE EMISSION FACTORS
SOURCE
CATEGORY
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
00
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IB
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
TSP
10.000
15.000
2.500
16.900
3.000
39.298
0.718
0.624
2.000
16.000
3.000
8.000
0.251
0.328
15.200
Z.890
19.200
3.000
2.390
60.000
32.000
12.500
7.600
21.500
16.300
16.000
1.300
1.201
4.000
4.681
1.369
1.324
SOX
39.000
31.000
103.600
159.000
0.600
0.400
39.000
26.200
144.000
158.600
0.600
0.150
39.000
39.000
30.000
143.600
158.600
0.600
143.600
250.000
0.500
2.500
2.400
0.600
0.700
1.000
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.100
0.100
nax
3.000
3.000
10.000
10.000
100.000
2.916
9.600
12.100
20.000
55.000
100.000
0.600
13.600
19.400
10.000
32.500
55.000
797.465
2.400
260.000
1.000
2.500
3.600
5.500
5.500
6.000
2.570
2.200
3.520
2.000
4.410
3.090
vac
10.000
10.000
0.700
0.700
5.300
65.718
0.070
0.550
0.300
1.100
5.300
1.400
0.070
0.070
0.200
1.100
0.300
19.292
1.400
6.000
90.000
11.300
4.400
29.000
£0.400
30.000
1.950
2.000
3.220
3.330
3.610
3.680
CO
90.000
90.000
5.000
5.000
20.000
242.630
0.600
7.200
5.000
5.000
20.000
4.000
0.600
2.500
5.000
7.700
5.000
119.969
4.000
7.000
270.000
16.600
10.400
92.000
99.600
05.000
6.500
10.520
20.610
27.520
15.610
18.500
SOURCE
CATEGORY
33
34
35
36
37
30
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
40
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
S3
59
60
61
62
63
64
7SP
4.069
4.924
2.220
2.220
4.920
5.620
17.452
4.330
4.330
7.030
7.930
41.262
25.000
19.026
0.000
0.841
60.000
24.000
19.300
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
17.000
20.000
14.100
0.200
143.000
SOX
0.180
0.160
0.360
0.360
0.360
0.260
5.166
2.000
2.600
2.800
2.600
31.102
57.000
1.213
0.055
1.971
62.000
30.000
254.400
6.393
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.150
0.150
0.000
0.100
0.000
ItOX
4.320
3.370
7.270
6.790
11.740
5.540
125.621
24.630
19.730
22.620
20.830
374.166
370.000
9.480
0.441
18.350
3.000
224.000
41.800
35.935
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
4.000
4.000
2.000
0.000
13.500
VOC
3.990
6.430
9.170
9.400
9.960
12.920
405.001
2.060
£.330
2.710
4.570
60.033
69.660
22.070
1.235
13.354
10.000
56.0CO
2.500
789.462
2000.000
19.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
19.200
14.300
13.000
43.000
107.000
CO
31.430
50.230
61.120
71.950
152.260
142.630
3591.713
6.260
6.070
7.500
12.750
113.G7.
130.000
44.610
22.939
50.109
90. 000
76.4CO
1.400
2814.043
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
O.OPO
0.000
0.000
140.000
112. 000
93.700
22.000
582. COO
-------
APPENDIX B
NATIONAL EMISSIONS DATA SYSTEM
FUEL CONSUMPTION ALLOCATION PROCEDURES
B-L
-------
NEDS Area Source Fuel Consumption Allocation Methodology
The National Air Data Branch (NADB) calculates area source emissions by
executing a series of computer programs within the National Emissions Data
System (NEDS). The methodology by which emissions for most of the traditional
area source categories are calculated is known as the Area Source Fuel
Consumption Allocation System (AFCA).
AFCA calculates county level emissions for many Stationary Sources, Mobile
Sources, and Miscellaneous Sources using the series of programs shown in
Figure B-l. The programs can be broken down into modules which execute the
following: 1) generation of the activity level inputs, 2) spatial allocation
of the activity level data to the county level, and 3) calculation of emissions
and generation of the area source user file update. In general, activity level
input data are extracted from references and used to update the AFCA-MASTER
file. The AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST) contains nearly all data inputs
required for computation of fuel consumption and county allocation procedures
including statistics on population, housing, car registrations, fuel
; consumption by various sectors, climatological data, point source summary data
./and employment. Fuel consumption and allocation are performed on these data by
the NE099 program which calculates and allocates national and State fuel
consumption to the county level using source-specific algorithms. The output
from this program is used to update the area source user file and/or emission
factor file, and in the process generates emissions. All 1985 NEDS emissions
data bases, required input files, and extraction/calculation programs for AFCA
resided on the Sperry UNIVAC system at the National Computer Center located in
J Research Triangle Park, NC until September 1988. For current location of the
files contact NADB.
The first section of this appendix contains a brief description of each of
„ the above modules including module inputs, programs, modification procedures,
^"and final outputs. This section is followed by documentation excerpted from
^AEROS for each of the programs mentioned in the module descriptions. Abstracts
iand system charts for each program are arranged in numerical order for
convenience. More complete information on specific programs is available from
'•%
'the Source Code Library at NADB.
B-2
-------
to
I
NEM2
CCOS DATA
SELECTION
_-
NATION/STATE
INDICATOR
__---
NE2BJ
INPUT;
REPORT
NE099
reWORM
ALLOCATION
CALCULATIONS
1
ALLOCATION
F-^
NAOB*
L^ 1
r
/
Figure B-l. NEDS Aren Fuel Consumption Allocation (AFCA) System Flowchart.
-------
GENERATION OF ACTIVITY LEVEL INPUTS
The purpose of this module is to assemble all appropriate statistics
needed by the allocation module into one file called the AFCA-MASTER file
(NEDS-AFC-MST). This involves the use of programs which convert national,
State, and county statistics obtained from published governmental and private
documents on system data files into the appropriate input units and data
formats required for execution of the allocation program. Each program
extracts or adapts data from either specific reference data tape(s) or
manually-coded cards. In the final step of most programs, the extracted data
are used to update data in the AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST) directly.
A description of each data extraction program is presented according to
its position in Figure B-l. These include programs which extract data elements
from data tapes of County Business Patterns, NOAA data, Polk Vehicle
Registration data, County and City Data Book, and Census of Housing data. Some
programs also extract data from NEDS point source files and manually-coded
cards.
County Business Patterns (GBP) Data
NE086 is the first of two programs which annually processes Census Bureau
data from the County Business Patterns (CBP) files by selecting county, State,
and national employment data for specific SICs. NE086 outputs one tape for
each of the 9 census regions, which are then merged into one tape by NE108.
NE087 processes the merged CBP data by cross-referencing county data with
SAROAD county codes and summing employment by SAROAD county. The resulting
data are used to update the AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST).
NOAA Climatological Data
NE088 selects specific weather station climatological data from
two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data tapes. The
processing includes the summation of monthly records, conversion of units, and
the assignment of record completeness codes. NE089 determines and assigns a
B-4
-------
degree-days, number of "warm" months, annual freeze-free days, and annual
snowfall.
Polk Vehicle Registration Data
NE082 is a 3-part program which manipulates R. L. Polk vehicle
registration tape data to create an indexed mass storage file for use by the
mobile source emission factor program (NE111). NE082A merges up to 8 Polk
data tapes to form one tape. The program can be executed a second time to
merge the tape from a previous NE082A run with up to 7 more Polk tapes. Data
extracted from the Polk tapes include vehicle type, model year, and vehicle
counts by Polk geographical code. The tape from NE082A is used as input to
the NE082B program which combines and sorts the records by county and creates
the Valid Vehicle file (VALID-VEH) which contains one record for each county.
Each county record contains the number of gasoline-powered vehicles and the
number of trucks registered for each model year for six truck classes. NE082C
reads the output tape from the NE082B and creates a mass storage copy of the
VALID-VEH file indexed by NEDS county code. NE091 then processes the vehicle
registration counts and applies registration totals to the AFCA-MASTER file
(NEDS-AFC-MST).
Point Source Data Summary File
NE090 processes a tape subfile of the NEDS point source data base (NE001)
containing only point records with Source Classification Codes (SCCs) starting
with 102, 103, 202, 203 or 390. NE090 examines the operating rate field of
each point record to determine its annual fuel consumption. Statewide point
source fuel consumption totals by point source category (industrial or
commercial) and fuel type are then calculated and used to update AFCA-MASTER
county and State files.
Census Data
NE092 selects and processes Census Bureau data from the County and City
Data Book (CCDB) tape file. This includes statistics such as the number of
housing units, school enrollment, population, percentage of urban population,
and population density. NE093 selects data from the most recent decennial
B-5
-------
Census of Housing tape (File C) including statistics such as population and
the number of housing units using fuels for specific tasks (space-heating,
cooking fuel, etc.). NE094 combines the output from NE092 and NE093, and
assigns the appropriate SAROAD county code to each record using GSASAR.
County totals are used to update the AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST).
Hospital, University, and FAA Data
NE095 processes card-image data for the number of hospital beds and
hospital employment, university enrollment, and operations for commercial,
general, and military aircraft. The program cross-references and assigns the
appropriate SAROAD county code to each record using the GSASAR file. Data
summed at the county level are used to update the AFCA-MASTER file
(NEDS-AFC-MST).
Selected National, State and County Data
NE096 processes card-image data extracted from government and private
publications and applies them to the AFCA-MASTER file national, State and
County Record. The input file contains data on population, geography, and
fuel use, highway consumption of gasoline on the State level, and civil
aircraft registration data by county. The data are edited and sorted and then
used to update the AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST).
Point Source Employment Files
NE097 sorts card-image point source employment data and generates county
and national totals for Standard Industrial Classification codes (SICs) 20
through 39 and for SICs involved in solvent use. The data are used to update
the national and county records of the AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST).
After each update program has been executed, a mechanism is available for
the modification and addition of AFCA-MASTER records. NE098 processes
card-image data to correct input errors identified by diagnostics reports
generated by NE087, NE089, NE091, and NE094. It also enables NADB to correct
erroneous data and provide its own estimates for certain data items.
Execution of this program updates the AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST) and
creates the final version of statistics needed for allocation calculations.
B-6
-------
COUNTY ALLOCATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION
NE099 computes the county fuel allocation for area sources referenced in
the main document including major categories in Stationary Sources, Mobile
Sources, and Miscellaneous Area Sources categories. NE099 requires the
updated AFCA-MASTER file (NEDS-AFC-MST), a NADB control file, and an indicator
file as inputs to a program which allocates fuel consumption statistics to
each county. The NADB*CONTROL file contains variables updated by NADB
periodically for which the values remain relatively stable. The indicator
file allows the user to specify counties for which NE099 are to be executed.
Allocation is accomplished using algorithms which estimate consumption based
on surrogate variables identifed by prior research and regression analysis.
County consumption estimates for specific area source categories are
calculated in one of four execution passes. Algorithms for each category
listed below are detailed in the NE099 documentation.
1. Stationary Sources
Residential Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Consumption
Residential Distillate Oil Consumption
Commercial Natural Gas Consumption
Commercial Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Consumption
Commercial Residual and Distillate Oil Consumption
Industrial Distillate Oil, Residual Oil, Natural Gas,
and Bituminous Coal Consumption
Bituminous Sulfur and Ash Content
2. Mobile Sources
Highway sources
Light-duty Vehicle Gasoline Consumption (using reported VMT)
Light-duty Vehicle Gasoline Consumption (with no VMT)
Heavy-duty Vehicle Gasoline and Diesel Consumption
Off-highway Sources Consumption
Railroad Diesel Consumption
LTOs for Military, Civilian and Commercial Aircraft
Marine Vessel Gasoline Consumption
3. Miscellaneous Area Sources
Organic Solvent Consumption
Retail Gasoline Sales
The final output tape (NEDS-ATRAN) contains final computed county
estimates consisting of four card-image records per SAROAD county.
B-7
-------
A formatted report is also generated. NE100 is then used to update area source
categories not calculated by NE099 or to make adjustment to the data calculated
by NE099. Activity level estimates for these area sources are modified by
State ratio update factors by NE100. The output is an updated version of
NEDS-ATRAN shown as NEDS-ATRAN(+1) in Figure B-l.
EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS AND AREA SOURCE USER FILE UPDATE
NE077A updates the area source user file (NEDS-US-AR-T) and the emission
factor file (NEDS-EF-AR) with the results from NE099 and NE100 (NEDS-ATRAN(+1)
file), and mobile source emission factor data from NE111, and in the process
generates emissions. NE077A calls subprograms that calculate emissions.
NEA77A calculates emissions for categories except highway vehicles. NEB77A
calculates highway vehicle emissions by computing vehicle miles of travel
(VMT) by vehicle type and road speed category to go with the mobile source
emission factors from NE111. Finally, NE077B copies the area source user tape
file and creates an indexed-sequential disk file (NEDS-USER-AR). This
completes the area source update process.
B-8
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE077A
SECTION: Abstract
SECTION _J PAGE_J_
DATE 27 N
1. Component Name:
KE077A, Area Source Files Update.
2. Run Description:
This program updates the area source user file (NEDS-US-AR-T) and/or
the area source emission factor file (NEDS-EF-AR).
B-9
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: XE077,
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2_PAGE ]_
DATE ",-^,-h oc; i qyi
NEErS-US-AR-I
(NEpS-USER-TI)
VALID-
VEH-MS
NEDS-EFTRAN
1
NE077A
Area
Source Files
Update
^
"EP77A
Area Source
Emissions
Calculations
^ -
i
NEB77A
Motor Vehic
Calculation
Coun~t Total
PRINT?.
NEDS-EF-ER
DS-CALC-Ek
USER File
Update Error
Report
Hmission i'actoij
ggYM ^ Update Error
Report
@SYM
Calculation
Error
Report
A o t e:
System Flowchart: NE077A
Internal filenames are shown in parentheses except where they are
the same as the external name.
B-10
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE077A
SECTION: Svsteu Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE
DATE 27 November 1978
NEDS077
NE077A
NEA77A
GETDATE
Rierarchv Chart: NE077A
B-ll
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEA77A
SECTION: Abstract
SECTION i PAGE_L
DATE 15 NovcTr.ber 1Q78
1. Component Isame:
NEA77A, Area Source Emissions Calculations.
2. Run Description:
The function of the Area Source Emissions Calculations subprogram is
to calculate emissions for any source category/pollucants that need
computer calculations on the area source record passed to the sub-
program. To accomplish this, the subprogram is passed national, state,
and county area source emission factor records and an area source user
record by the calling program in a common storage area. The calculate-
emission flags in the area source user record deterir.i-ne which source
categories need to be recalculated.
B-12
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
NEA77A
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION
PAGE
DATE Mircn ^o. i981
NES77A
r Area
Source Files
Update
NEA77A
Area Source
Emissions
Calculations
NEB77A
Motor
Vehicle
Calculation
NADB*
VALID-
VEH-MS
Svstem Flowchart: NEA77/
B-13
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: KEA77A
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGEJL
DATE 15 November 19/8
NE077A
NEA77A
NEB77A
Hierarchy Chart: NEA77A
B-14
-------
r NTATION
SECTION: ABSTRACT
1C r;
'-_- z
E I
Descriptive Name of Component: Motor Vehicle Calculation Nr.B77A
Run Description:
This subprogram is called by the calculation subprogram NEA.77A and the area
source listing proc~ani NE260 to compute the miles traveled by road/vehicle
type. It uses the activity level data in the area source user record, the
county vehicle registrations from the file VALID-VEH—MS, county level
estimates of long and short range VMT accrued by KDDV from HDDV-VMT-KS, and
the county level fractional distributions of VMT by speed class from
SPDCLS-VMTMS. The subprogram returns a status switch indicating whether the
data were calculated or measured and an array containing the data.
B-15
-------
V£RCS SOFTWARE
SECTION:
cvc-rv
SECTION _JL
SYSTEM FLCVJCHART
CALLING
PROGRAM
OR
SUBPROGRAM
NADB*
VALID-
VEK-MS
NEB77A
MOTOR VEHICLE
CALCULATION
NADB*
SPDCLS-
VKTilS
B-16
-------
AEnOSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEB/7A
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE 2
DATE March 1984
Hierarchy Chart
Calling
Programs
NEB77A
* NE077A, NE260
B-17
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE077B
SECTION: Abstract
SECTION_1 PAGE_1
DATE 29 November 1978.
1. Component Name:
NE077B, Area Source User File Copy
2. Run Description:
This program, NE077B, copies records from the sequential tape file
NEDS-US-AR-T and creates the indexed-sequential disk file NEDS-USER-AR.
The tape file, NEDS-US-AR-T, is created by the NEDS AREA SOURCE update
program, NE077A.
The disk file is used by NEDS Area Source Report programs for data
retrieval. NE077B, generates a report which contains:
1) Beginning time and date
2) Ending time and date and
3) Number of records copied.
B-18
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE077B
SECTION: Systeir, Charts
SECTION_; _ PAGE _ ]_
DATE 29 November 1978
NE077B
Area Source
User File Copy
I
i
T
PRINTS
NEDS-USER-AR
System Flowchart: NE077B
B-19
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: N7E077B
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION_2 PAGE_2
DATE 29 November 1978
NEDS077
NE077B
Hierarchy Chart: NE077B
B-20
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082A
SECTION: ABSTRACT
SECTION 1 PAGE ]_
DAT E li 1 5/81
Section 1: ABSTRACT
B-21
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
NEOS2A
SECTION:
ABSTRACT
SECTION 1 PAGE 2
DATE 2/15/81
DESCRIPTIVE NAME OF COMPONENT: MERGE R. L. POLK TAPES
RUN DESCRIPTION:
NE082A is the first program in a system of three programs to create the NADB*VALID-VEH
vehicle registration tape from R. L. Polk vehicle registration data tapes.
NE082A performs the function of merging all of the Polk tape files to form one
ASCII tape file, TEMP-POLK. The program will merge up to eight Polk tapes at one
time. If there are 'more than eight Polk tapes, the program will also merge a
TEMP-POLK tape created from a previous run with up to eight more Polk tapes.
Each record on the TEMP-POLK tape contains the Polk geographic code, vehicle
type, model year and vehicle counts. A verification report is also printed
displaying the number of records read for each vehicle type for each county.
The TEMP-POLK tape is then used as input to the program NE082B to create
NADB*VALID-VEH.
B-22
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: .NE082A
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAGE
DATE 2/15/81
Section 2: SYSTEM CHARTS
B-23
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082A
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAGE 2_
2/15/81
DATE
SYSTEM FLOWCHART
NE082A
MERGE
POLK TAPES
VERIFICATION
REPORT
B-24
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082A
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAG
DATE 2/15/81
Hierarchy Chart
NE082A
B-25
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEOS2B
SECTION: ABSTRACT
SECTION_J PAGE_
DATE 2/15/81
Section 1: ABSTRAC'
B-26
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEOS2B
SECTION: ABSTRACT
SECTION 1 PAGE 2_
DATE 2/15/81
DESCRIPTIVE NAME OF COMPONENT: CREATE VALID-VEH TAPE FILE
RUN DESCRIPTION:
NE082B is the second in a system of three programs to create the NADB*VALID-VEH
vehicle registration tape file from the R. L. Polk vehicle registration tapes
received periodically from the Department of Transportation. The program has
as input the merged Polk tape, TEMP-POLK created earlier by the program NE082A.
Each TEMP-POLK record contains the Polk geographic code, vehicle, model year and
vehicle registration count. These records are combined and summed to create one
VALID-VEH record for each county in the nation. The Polk state and county codes
are converted to SAROAD state and county codes by accessing the NADB*SRD-POLK cross
reference file. Included on each record are the number of gasoline powered
vehicles for each model year, the sum of all the gasoline powered passenger
vehicles and the number of trucks registered for each model year for six different
classes of trucks. The six classes are light duty gasoline (0-60001bs), light
duty gasoline (6001-10,0001bs), heavy duty gasoline (10,001-14,0001bs), heavy duty
gasoline (14,001-19,5001bs), heavy duty gasoline (over 19,5001bs) and heavy duty
diesel (over 10,0001bs). The record also contains the total counts of trucks in
class 1 and -class 2 for all model years, the number of light duty diesel passenger
vehicles registered for each model year, the number of light duty diesel trucks
(0-60001bs) for each model year and the number of light duty diesel trucks (6001-
lO.OOOlbs) for each model year. These records are sorted in ascending order by
SAROAD state-county. An audit trail is printed displaying the number of Polk
records read and the number of VALID-VEH records written.
B-27
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082B
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAGE.
DATE 2/15/81
Section 2: SYSTEM CHARTS
B-28
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082B
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION ? PAGE
DATE 2/15/81
SYSTEM FLOWCHART
NFOR?R
CREATE
VALID-VEH
SRD-POLK
AUDIT
TRAIL
B-29
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082B
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION_2 PAGE 3
DATE 2/T5/81___
Hierarchy Chart
NE082B
B-30
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE082C
SECTION: ABSTRACT
SECTION_] PAGE_
DATE 2/15/81
Section 1: ABSTRACT
B-31
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
SECTION:
ABSTRACT
SECTION 1 PAGE 2
DATE 2/15/81
Descriptive Name of Component:
CREATE VALID-VEH-MS
MASS STORAGE FILE
Run Description:
NE082C is the third in a system of three programs to create the NADB*VALID-VEH
vehicle registration tape file and the NADB*VALID-VEH-MS mass storage version
of the tape. The program has as input the VALID-VEH tape file created earlier
by the program NE082B. NE082C reads this tape file and creates an index sequential
mass storage copy of the file. The key is the state-county code. NADB*VALID-VEH-
MS is used as input to the program NEB77A.
B-32
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEOS2C
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION_2 PACT ]_
DATE 2/15/81
Section 2: SYSTEM CHARTS
B-33
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEOS2C
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAGE, ?
DATE 2/15/81
SYSTEM FLOWCHART
NFOB?r
CREATE
VALID-VEH-MS
VALID-
VEH-MS
AUDIT
TRAIL
B-34
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEOS2C
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAGE 3
DATE 2/15/81
Hierarchy Chart
NE082C
B-35
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ386
SECTION: AERQS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE I.
DATE 9/6/78
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: CBP Data Selector
RUN DESCRIPTION
NEJ386 is the first of two programs which process Census Bureau
data from the County Business Patterns (CBP) tape files. The
program must be run once every year to select current CBP data
that is required as input to AFCA calculations.
The tape reels which comprise the most recent County Business
Patterns file are input to program NE$86. CBP records contain
county employment data by SIC (Standard Industrial Classification]
code summaries. The following totals are selected or computed
from CBP data and written to output tape file NEDS-CBP-A: county
employment totals for SIC's 10, 50, 19-39 and commercial and
solvent-user SIC's; state employment totals for SIC's 16, 19 and
commercial SIC's; and national employment total for SIC's 10, 50,
19, 16 and solvent-user SIC's.
In years when new Census of Manufacturers data is available
Cquinguennially) the run condition-jword is set to cause program
NE086 to produce a second output tSpe file, NEDS-CBP-5. State
and national employment totals for'SIC's 20-39 are written to
file NEDS-CBP-5.
B-36
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE086
SECTION: Svstems Charts
SECTION 2_ PAGE_L
DATE 9/6/78
rJE086_
SELECT CBP DA
SUM BY STATE
AND NATION
NE0b/_
CBP-SAROAD
COUNTY CORREL
TION; UPDATE
I/O
IN-PLACE UPDATE
NE-C3P-
TEMP
(tempor-
ary file
I No
DIAGNOSTICS
l__^ —
•^
^
MANUAL
REVIEW
B-37
STOP
(see NE098 Subsystem
Flo-..}
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:NE086
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGEJL
DATE Sept. 6, 197!
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-38
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE087
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION_1 P'AGE_1
DATE 9/I3/7P
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: CBP Data Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE.087 is the second of two programs which process CBP data for
the AFCA system. The program must be run once each year to
apply current CBP data to the NEDS-AFC-MST file.
NE087 has up to three input sources. Two tape files are input
to every execution of the program: NEDS-CBP-A, which is output
by program NE086, and GSASAR which contains a FIPS-SAROAD county
code cross-reference. A third tape file is input on a quin-
quennial basis: NEDS-CBP-5 also output by program NE086.
County totals on file NEDS-CBP-A are matched to SAROAD county
codes in file GSASAR. This data is then summed by SAROAD
county before being applied, with state and national totals
from NEDS-CBP-A and NEDS-CBP-5, as updates to records on NEDS-
AFC-MST.
NE087 produces diagnostic messages when: there is no matching
SAROAD" code for a CBP (FIPS) county total; or a SAROAD county
or state code on GSASAR has no matching data in either file
NEDS-CBP-A or NEDS-CBP-5.
B-39
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE0S7
SECTION: System
SECTION_2 _ PAGE _ J
HATF q/1 1/78
NE086
CBP DA
SUM BY STATE
AND NATION
TA;
\l/
CBP-SAROAD
COUNTY CORREl
T10N; UPDATE
T/O
J. / VJ
TEMP
(temper-
B~40
STOP
Subsystem
Flow)
rvNE-AFCA-U?D
(NADB-SUPPLIEC
ESTIMATEDS'
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: ..rnoo
r • L- UUU
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE
DATE September, 1C86
DESCRIPTIVE NAf.E: "OAA C1 imatol oni cal Data Selector
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE088 is the first of two programs which process climatological data required
as input to AFCA calculations. The program must be run once each year to select
current data from tape files produced annually by the national Oceanographic
and Atmospheric Administration.
Two tape files are input to NE038: the US1009 Name Tape and the TD3220 monthly
climatological data tape. Type '3' records (station records) are selected from
the US 1009 file if data availability indicators show that the record is for a
weather station that recorded temperature and/or snowfall data. Station records
selected-from-the US1009 tape are matched to records for the same stations on
the TD3220 tape. Each station on the TD3220 tape has up to twelve monthly
records of climatological data. Selected monthly data items are summed for the
year and resulting totals are written to output file NEDS-NCAA. If the station's
temperature and precipitation unit identifiers (from the US1009 record) require
it, temperatures are converted from Celsius to Fahrenheit and precipitation
measures are converted from metric units to hundrecths of inches. If data items
for a selected weather station are missing from the TD3220 tape, a data complete-
ness code of '!' (50% or less missing) or '2' (more than 50% missing) is assigned
to the station record.
NEOSS's output tape file, NEDS-NCAA, will consist of weather station records
with the following data items: NOAA division number, station number, SAROAD
state cede, station latitude and longitude, annual degree days, number of "warm"
months, number of days of year that temperature ±32° F, annual snowfall, and
station's data completeness code.
NOTE: Data for Alaska, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia are not
on the US1002 or TD3220 tapes.
B-41
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEjZ>88
SECTION: system Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE_1.
HATF Sept. 7. 1978
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-42
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE089
SECTION' AERCS Abstract
SECTION^ PAGE.
DATE 9/15/78
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Annual NOAA Data Update
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE089 is the second of two climatological data processing
programs in the AFCA system. The program must be run once
each year to apply current NOAA data to the NEDS-AFC-MST
file.
Two tape files are input to NE089: NEDS-NOAA produced by the
NE088 program, and NOAASAR which contains a SAROAD county-
NOAA station number cross-reference. The program reads data
from file NEDS-NOAA, assigns data to each SAROAD county by
using the NOAASAR cross-reference, and updates county records
on NEDS-AFC-MST with this data. If a station record on file
NEDS-NOAA has a data completeness code of '!' or '2', the
program performs a search for replacement data from the
nearest weather station using latitude and longitude infor-
mation from both input files.
At the completion of program NE089, county records in NEDS-
AFC-MST file will be updated with current NOAA data for the
following items: annual degree days, number of "warm" months,
number of freeze-free days a year, and annual snowfall. The
national-level record in NEDS-AFC-MST will contain a total
of freeze-free days for all SAROAD counties and a snow-zone
snowfall total (total annual snowfall for all SAROAD counties
where annual snowfall > 30 inches).
Program NE089 also produces a diagnostic listing of all SAROAD
counties for which some NOAA climatological data is unavailable
B-43
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT i;AME:AFCA Subsystem
Flowcharts
SECTION: Svstem Charts
SECTION_2 PAGE_
DATE 9/15/78
NOAA-
\ US 1009
&
\.
/
NE088
SELECT TD9924
RECORDS TO MA"
usi009 RECORD:
SUM MONTHLY D;
•« — n Ml.'inr. 1 TTiTJ
'CH
TA
1 C
_NF089
viATCH WEATHER
^STATION DATA "
5AROAD COUNTIElS
I/O
NErNOAA-
TEMP
(Tempor-
ary file
(IN-PLACE UPDATE)
DIAGNOSTICS
MANUAL
REVIEW
B-44
STOP
(see NE098 Subsvs-.em
NE-AFCA-UPDT
N.-.DB-SUPPLIEE
E?TI'''ATiS;
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ389
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE
DATE ?e-r>t-.. IS. 1 97 R
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-45
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEA089
SECTION: Abstract
SECTION 1_ PAGE.
DATE 9/1/78
Descriptive Name of Component
Cosine calculation
Run Description
The subprogram NEA080 is a fortran subprogram thai
calculates the cosine of a number held in common
storage and replaces the number with its cosine.
B-46
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEA089
SECTION: System Chart
SECTION 2 PAGE
DATE 9/1/78
Input Parameter:
Latitude (in radians)
NEAJ389
Output Parameter:
Cosine of Latitude
B-47
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: KEA089
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION_2 PAGEJL
DATE 9/1/78
NE089
A
V
NEA089
Hierarchv Chart
B-48
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NF
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION -1 PAGE
DATE H/30/78
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Point Source Fuel Data Update
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE090 processes a tape subfile of the NEDS Point Source
data base. Totals required for AFCA calculations are
computed and applied to the NEDS-AFC-MST file. The program
must be run once each year as part of the AFCA system's
annual processing cycle.
Program NE090's only input is a tape subfile of all NEDS
Point Source Records which have Source Classification
Codes (SCC's) whose first three digits are: 102, 103,
202, 203, or 390. The next three digits of each record's
SCC indicate the kind of fuel being consumed by the point
source.
NEJ290 examines the "operating rate" field of the point
source record to determine annual fuel consumption by
the point source. Statewide point source fuel consumption
totals by point source category (industrial or commercial)
and fuel type are computed. If the point source record
describes bituminous coal consumption, weights of sulfur and
ash content are computed by the program. NE09J3 applies
all these computed totals to rhe state records in NEDS-
AFC-MST. (See Detailed Functional Statement 3 for a list
of these totals,.)
NOTE: Point source diesel consumption is added to distillate
oil totals, and lignite consumption is added to
bituminous totals.
B-49
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: AFCA Subsystem
Flowcharts
SECTION: Point Source Data
Processing Diagram
SECTION 2 PAGE 1
DATE 11/30/78
\
NE090
IMPUTE STATE
rUEL CONSUMP-
TION TOTALS BY
rUEL TYPE & PCINT
SOURCE/SATEGORY
I/O
NADB*
NEDS-
AFC-
MST
(IN-PLACE UPDATE)
B-50
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE090
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION
PAGE
DATE Nov. 30, 197!
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-51
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE091
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE^J
DATE 12/12/78
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Polk Data Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE.091 processes Polk vehicle registration counts and
applies registration totals required for APCA calculations
to the NEDS-AFC-MST file. The program must be run whenever
a new Polk tape is acquired by NADB and a new version of
file VALID-VEH is produced by program NE082.
One tape file is input to NE091: NADB*VALID-VEH, a tape
file with county records containing Polk vehicle registra-
tion counts. Selected county totals and state totals
computed from them are applied as updates to stare and
county records in NEDS-AFC-MST.
At the completion of program NS091, county records in
NEDS-AFC-MST will be updated with current Polk data for
the following items: total auto registrations and registered
trucks < 6000 Ibs. Both county and state records will
contain the following totals: registered trucks 6001 -
10,000 Ibs.; registered trucks 10,001 - 19,500 Ibs.;
registered trucks 19,501 - 26,000 Ibs.; and registered
trucks > 26,000 Ibs.
Program NE091 produces a diagnostic listing of all SAROAD
counties for which some Polk data is not supplied.
B-52
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
SECTION: Sysf-
SECTION 2 PAGE 1
DATE 12/12/78
SELECT REQUIRED
DATA & COMPUTE
STATE TOTALS;
UPDATE STATE
COUNTY/RECORDS
NADB*
NEDS-
AFC-
MST
!see NE098 Subsystem Flow)
NE-AFCA-UPD
(NADB-SUPPLIED
ESTIMATES)
B-53
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ391
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION
PAGE.
DATE Dec. 12, 197!
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-54
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE092
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION L_ PAGE I
DATE July 17, 1971
DESCRIPTIVE NAME:
CCDB Data Selector
RUN DESCRIPTION:
NE092 processes Census Bureau data from the County and City
Data Book (CCDB) tape file. The program must be run once
every five years to select current CCDB data that is required
as input to AFCA calculations.
The CCDB tape file is program NE092's only input. This file
contains one summary U.S. total record and one record for
every state, county, SMSA, urbanized area, place of 25,000
inhabitants or more. Data for AFCA calculations is selected
from the summary, state and county records and written to
output tape file NADB*NEDS-CCDB.
The following data items are extracted: number year-round
housing units and percent of housing in single-unit struc-
tures from the summary and county records,- number of farms
with sales -^$2500 from state records; school enrollment
figures from state and county records; population, population
density, and median number rooms per dwelling unit from
county records. Percent of population that is urban is also
extracted from the county records. This data will be summed
by SAROAD county in program NE094 which also processes
decennial Census of Housing data.
B-55
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT f,'AME: NE092
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2
DATE July 17, 1978
\
/
Nh0^
TJAiA iJtLhCHUf
SORT OUTPUT B'
FIPS(GSA)STAT:
& COUNTY CODE
i
V
N't 093
DATA SELEC-TIO
SORT OUTPUT E
FIP.S(GSA)STAT
*, roilNTY rODF
^S
{
MATCH SAROAD I
FIPS CODES;
AND"SUM"BY'SA^DAD
CODES; UPDATE
./n
I/0
MASTER
CENS-
DB-TEMP
(Tempor-
a ry f 11 e]
I/O
NADB1
(IN-PLACE. UPDATE)
Yes ^
DIAGNOSTICS
^^
X.
• '2
MAN'UAL
REVIEW
^
(PROGRAM Ntl'oj
CENSUS DATA 1
SELECTION-EX;
CUTES ONLY Off
EVERY 10 YRS,
PROGRAMS NEH
AND NE094 EXE
,CUTE EVERY 5
YEARS.
B-56
NADB-SUPPLIED'
ESTIMATES)
!see NE098 Subsystem Flow
STOP
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE092
SECTION:System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE 2
DATE Julv 11. 197R
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-57
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE093
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION. L PAGE 1
DATE 8/8/78
1. DESCRIPTIVE NAME: CENSUS Data Selector
2. RUN DESCRIPTION:
NE093, which processes decennial census data, must be run
once every ten years to select AFCA calculation input data
from the most: recent Census of Housing.
The CENSUS tape file is NE093's only input. Data for APCA
calculations is selected from state and county records and
written to output tape file NADB*NEDS-CENSUS.
The following data items are extracted: population and
number of housing units w/gas heat (a summation of six
separate figures) from the state records; population; count
of occupied housing units by cooking fuel; count of occupied
housing units by water-heating fuel and count of occupied
housing units by house-heating fuel from the county records.
This data will be summed by SAROAD county in program
NE$94 which also processes decennial Census of Housing
data.
B-58
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE093
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION_2 PAGE_
DATE 8/8/78
Nh09k:
UAIA btLLU lUi
SORT OUTPUT B
FI?S(GSA)STAT
& COUNTY CODE
>
/•
MATCH SAROAD
FIPS
AND SUM BY SA
CODES: UPDATE
I/O
IN-PLACE UPDATE
FIP.S(GSA)STAT
A rniiNTY rnnrj
Yes ^
DIAGNOSTICS
^_^—J
V.J
MANUAL
REVIEW
*s^
PROGRAM NE09C
CENSUS DATA
SELECTION-EXE-
CUTES ONLY ONC
EVERY 10 YRS.
PROGRAMS NE092
\AND NE094 EXE
\CUTE EVERY 5
\YEARS.
VfrrT
\
iVt-AMA-UPU:
NADB-SUPPLIED
ESTIMATES)
(see NE098 Subsystem Flow
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ393
SECTION: Svstem Charts
SECTION 2 PAGEJL
DATF October 8, 197!
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-60
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE 1
DATECctober 30, 1978
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: CCDB/Census Data Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE094 processes Census Bureau data from the CCDB file
and the decennial Census of Housing file. Selected data items
are summed by SAROAD county and applied to file NEDS-AFC-MST
as an update. The program must be run once every five years
to apply the most recent CCDB data to NEDS-AFC-MST. In
alternating runs (every ten years), Census of Housing data
also is processed.
NE.094 has- up to three input sources. Two tape files are
input to every execution of the program: NEDS-CCDB which
is output by program NE092, and GSASAR which contains GSA-
SAROAD state and county code cross references. A third tape
file is input only to every other execution of NE.094 : NEDS-
CENSUS which is output by program NE.093.
GSA county and state records on files NEDS-CCDB and NEDS-
CENSUS are matched to SAROAD county and state codes in file
GSASAR. Data records are then sorted by SAROAD codes and
summed by SAROAD county and state before being applied to
state and county records of NEDS-AFC-MST.
NS094 produces diagnostic messages when: there is no matching
SAROAD code on file GSASAR for a county or state record on
file NEDS-CCDB or file NEDS-CENSUS or, a SAROAD state or county
code on GSASAR has no matching data in either file NEDS-
CCDB or NEDS-CENSUS.
B-61
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
(
COMPONENT NAME: NE094
SECTION: System Charts
NADB*\
CCDB-
INPT J
V
Nb^
UAlA StLhll JOfJ
SORT OUTPUT B"
FIPS(GSA)STAT:
& COUNTY CODE
/N
1 N
V c
.-J/
ADR* \ /^\
Cnc \ ,/tfECEN>HL
"-u -^rrr-"-!"- \, Yes
1 ^ ^EARjX
TNO
^ — vy
•\1/ ^ ^
- \ NE094 I ^~ -"
JAUB- \ MATCH SAROAD & . /n CrMS.
ttASAR] ^FTPS mOFS; SftPT I/O ^^n^.
) '"AND SUM BY SARDAD ^Ub-lu-..
/ CODES: UPDATE MASTER (Tempor-
~~— — /K ' [a ry T "i 1 e)
I/O
V
NADB* (IN-PLACE UPDATE)
NEDS-
AFC-
MST
A
XDR f
\D/
^RO^S.
•iissiNG\Yes JDIAGNOSTICS
\TA? .X
V B-62
SECTION 2 PAGE 1
DATE October 30, 1978
f NADB*\ ]
' CENS- /
V INPT / /(PROGRAM NE|
X^ ^/ CENSUS DATA
i SELECTION-E1
^ CUTES ONLY 1
NE0&3 ' LVEP^ 10 Yft
DATA SELECTIONS ^^^J^
SORT OUTPUT B^ \ AN^ NE094 E)
FIP.S(GSA)STAT: \CUTE EVERY j
R rniiNTY rnnF \YFAR.S
i /
/NADB*\
J NEDS- )
A CENSUS/ \
1
1
V /
iT'V
.MANUAL MNt-AI-CA-Ucui
- REVIEW " ' > • NADB-bUPKlEI
^ ESTIMATES)
(see NE098 Subsystem Flof
( STOP )
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ394
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 RAGE 2
DATE October 30,1978
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-63
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
SECTION: AZROS Abstract
SECTION
1
DATE 11/30/78
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Summed County Data Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE095 processes card-image data on hospitals, universities
and aircraft operations. Data is summed by SAROAD county
and applied as updates to the county records of NEDS-AFC-MST.
The program must be executed during the initial annual run of
the AFCA system; in all subsequent AFCA processing cycles NE095
is run only if changes to its card input are made.
NE095 has three sources of input: the GSASAR tape file,
which contains a county name-SAROAD code cross-reference, a
disk file containing card-image data for individual hospitals,
universities and airports, and a parameter card specifying a
national or selected states only run. Card-image data is
sorted by county name and card type, and edited for numeric
values. County names are matched to SAROAD county codes on
file GSASAR, and data items are summed and applied to county
records on NEDS-AFC-MST.
At the completion of program NS095, NEDS-AFC-MST county records
(for all states processed) will contain the county name from
GSASAR and current data for the following items: number
operations for commercial, general and military aviation; number
hospital beds and hospital employees; and university enrollment.
Program NE095 produces diagnostic messages when: invalid (non-
numeric) data is supplied; there is no matching SAROAD code for
an input county name; or a SAROAD county code on GSASAR has
no matching data in the input data file.
B-64
-------
SECTION: Krotrsr. .\i.
Initial System Run Only
KADB*
XT-SUM
IN?T
/C=CO?Y.G \
/ (UXIVAC
\SYSTEM ?RO-
\CZSSOR) /
HOSPITAL,
iAIRPORT,
IcixIVERSITY
CARDS
'JDATA, I
(UXIVAC
SYSTEM PRO-/
\CESSOR)
(Stored; (?CO?Y,G'd to
'KA2B* \ IKE-SUM-IN-PT and
-^/ XE-SI- I ^^cates
I via (f ^D . U or :wc JA^ A . U
B-65
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ395
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE_L
DATE 11/30/78
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-66
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE096
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE
DATE 12/15/78
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Card Edit and Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE096 processes manually prepared card-image data from
government and private publications and applies it to
national, state and county records on NEDS-AFC-MST. The
program must be run once each year; NEJ396 may also execute
during special state runs if changes are made to its
input data.
NE.096's only input is a disk file containing national, state
and county card-image records with data on population, geo-
graphy and fuel consumption. This data is edited for
numeric values and sorted by nation, state, county, and
card type before it is applied to NEDS-AFC-MST records.
NEDS-AFC-MST and the card data are matched sequentially
by program NE096. Diagnostic messages are produced when:
invalid (non-numeric) data is supplied; there is no NEDS-
AFC-MST record that matches a data card; or input data
is not supplied for a record on NEDS-AFC-MST.
B-67
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
SECTION:
Initial System Run Only
^NATIONAL, |
STATE & COUNTY
CARDS
/PDATA, 1
/(UN I VAC
(SYSTEM PRO-
CESSOR)
r
NADB*
NE-AFCA-
CRDS
\
/
NEP96
EDIT/SORT:
CARD INPUT;
MATCH WITH
M/O I c. A
K
NADS'
NE-AFCA
CRDS
/PCOPY.G
/(UN I VAC
\SYSTEK ?RO-
\CESSOR)
PAGE
DATE
IN-PLACE UPDATE)
Yes
'PED.U
or
P P ^ T A I i
(Pun i rt . u
CORRECTIONS
DIAGNOSTICS
Stored; (?COPY?G'd to
NE-AFCA-CRDS and uoclates
applied via (?ED,U or (pDATA.U
for next IvEC'96 cycle)
B-68
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE096
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE 2
DATE 12/15/78
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-69
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NS097
SECTION: AEPOS Abstract
SECTION_J PAGE 1
DATE 1/19/79
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Point Source Employment Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE097 processes card-image data on point source employment
and applies it as updates to the national and county records
of NEDS-AFC-MST. The program must be run once each year.
NE097 also may execute in special runs for individual states
if changes are made to the point source employment file.
NE097's only input is a disk file containing card-image
records of employment data for individual industrial facilities,
Each record contains a county code, SIC code, a.nd the number of
employees for an industrial plant that has been identified by
NADB as a point source. This data is sorted by State, County,
Plant I.D., and SIC codes and edited for numeric values.
Employment figures are summed by SIC by nation and county
and applied to NEDS-AFC-MST records. County records on
NEDS-AFC-MST are updated with current point source employment
totals for SIC'2 20-39; national and county records are
updated with point source employment totals for solvent-
user SIC's.
Program NE097 produces diagnostic messages when: non-numeric
data is supplied; there is no NEDS-AFC-MST county record that
matches a data card; input data is not supplied for a county
record on NEDS-AFC-MST; or duplicate input records are supplied.
B-70
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: AFCA Subsystem
Flowcharts
SECTION:
SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 PAGE
DATE I/: 9/7 9
Initial System Run On!
V
(SORTED)
NADB*
NEDS-
PSEMPL
(+1)
N
TOINT SOURCE
EMPLOYMENT
MFILE
_y
/(3COPY,G
/(UNI VAC
\SYSTEM PRO-
CESSOR)
/(BDATA.I
/(UNI VAC
\SYSTEM PRO-
CESSOR)
NADB*
NEDS-
PSEMPL
(+0)
or
(BDATA.U
"LUl 1/bOkl ; '
SUM DATA BY
COUNTY, NATION
NADB*
NEDS-
AFC-
MST
(IN-PLACE UPDATE)
CORRECTIONS
/\
Yes
DIAGNOSTICS
((Stored; (3COPY,G'd to
NEDS-PSEMPL and updates
/applied via @ED,U or @DATA,U
\for next NE097 cycle)
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME^7EJ397
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE 2
DATE 01/19/79
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update Svstem
B-72
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE098
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTIONJ PAGE
DATE 1/19/79
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Correction Update of NEDS-AFC-MST
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE098 processes manually prepared card-image data and
applies it as updates to NEDS-AFC-MST records. This
program, which enables NADB to provide its own estimates
for data items required for AFCA calculations, is executed
at NADB's discretion during both annual and special state-
wide processing cycles of the AFCA system.
NEJ398 ' s only input is a correction card deck which is
prepared during a review of diagnostic listings produced
by programs NE087, NE089, NE.091, and NE094. These card-
image records contain: a key (SAROAD State and County codes)
which identifies the record to be updated; a code which
identifies which data item is being supplied and the
numeric value which is to be inserted into or added to
a data item on the record. This input data will be sorted
by nation, state, and county before it is applied to records
on NEDS-AFC-MST in order to avoid multiple accesses of the
same record.
Execution of program NS098 completes the updating process
for file NEDS-AFC-MST and the collection of all data required
to perform the allocation calculations of the AFCA svstem.
B-73
-------
AERCS SO FT'.', ARE
DOCUMENTATION
SECTION:
SECTION,; PACE
DATE
NADS-SUPPLIED
ESTIMATES
/BOATA.I
/ (UNI VAC
\ SYSTEM PRO-
VESSOR)
NADE*
NE-AFCA-
UPDT
EDIT/SORT
UPDATE
MASTER
IN-PLACE UPDATE
Voc
STOP
Pr> r T r T
U,S I /-. . 1
recess
B-74
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ398
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE 2
DATE 01/19/79
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update System
B-75
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NS099
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE JL
DATE 3/2/79
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Area Fuel Consumption Allocation
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE099 performs calculations which compute county-wide fuel
consumption estimates. The program must be run once each year
and c.lso executes during special statewide system runs.
NE099 has three sources of input: a parameter card, the
NEDS-AFC-MST file, and the NADB*CONTROL disk file. The para-
meter card indicates whether the program produces consumption
estimates for all SAROAD counties or only for counties within
specified states. File NADB*CONTROL contains data items used
in program calculations that are relatively stable and are
upc ?-ted only on an "as required" basis by NADB. NEDS-AFC-MST
co:tains all other data needed to perform NE099's county-wide
al ccation calculations.
Data in NEDS-AFC-MST is processed sequentially as program
NE'K99 executes calculations which: adjust input totals by sub-
tracting point source data to obtain area source values; estimate
county area consumption values; and normalize these county
estimates so that the sum of all counties within a state does
not exceed a published state total.
Computed county results are output to a tape file (NZDS-
ATRAN) containing four card-image records per SAROAD county and
to a formatted report. Computed county results also are summed
by state and written to a state totals page of the output report
afrer results for all counties within the state have been printed,
B-76
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:. KEj?99
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION
PAGE 1-
DATE 3/2/79
j-S-INDCTR
NADB*
NEDS-
AFC-MST
NE099
PERFORM
ALLOCATION
CALCULATIONS
NADB*
NADB-
CONTROL
ALLOCATION
RESULTS BY
COUNTY
RECT
EACTORS TO
LIED?
/\
\
\
N \
(CORRECTION
PARAMETER
CARDS
PDATA,!
UNI VAC
SYSTEM PRO
CESSOR)
NADB*
NEDS-
USER-AR
NE100
EDIT/SORT;
APPLY CORREC-
TION FACTORS
(a DATA, I
ERRORS
IN NEDS-
CTR
\
CORRECTED
CARDS
DIAGNOSTICS
MANUAL
REVIEW
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ399
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION
PAGE
DATE 03/02/79
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update Svstere
B-78
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE#9 9
SECTION: Detailed Program
Descrintion
SECTION 6 PAGE 1
DATE
3/02/79
Detailed Program Narrative
Program NE099
Program NE099 is the major calculation program in the
AFCA system. The program is run once each year to perform
calculations which compute county-wide fuel consumption
estimates. NE099 may also execute during special runs
which compute county estimates only for selected states.
NE099 has three sources of input: a parameter card
(N-S-INDCTR); the AFCA system master file (NEDS-AFC-MST);
and the NADB-CONTROL disk file. The parameter card indicates
whether the program is to produce consumption estimates for
all SAROAD counties or only for counties within states that
are specified on the card (up to fifteen states in any one
program execution). File NADB-CONTROL contains three source
elements (USER-PRCNT, FHA-MILES, and RU-MI-NDX) which con-
sist of card-image input data used in calculations. NEDS-
AFC-MST is an indexed sequential file which contains all
other data needed as input to the AFCA calculations. File
NEDS-AFC-MST contains one national data record and one data
record for each SAROAD state followed by a data record for
every SAROAD county or county equivalent within that state.
Data records on file NEDS-AFC-MST are sequenced by SAROAD
state/county codes; they are accessed dynamically by program
NE099. (i.e., The records may be read and processed either
randomly or sequentially in the order in which they occur
on the file.)
Program NE099 begins processing by reading and validating
the parameter card. If errors are detected on the card, an
error message is printed and the run is aborted; otherwise,
processing continues and the national record of file NEDS-
AFC-MST is read in by the program. National data is moved to
an internal storage area where it may be accessed as needed by
program calculations. Calculation input data contained in
file NADB-CONTROL is then read in and also stored internally
for later use. Program NE099 then performs some preliminary
calculations with national level data to obtain values that
will be used as input to the county allocation calculations.
(e.g., National consumption of seventeen solvent-types is
computed for eighteen different solvent-user categories.)
B-79
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTJONJJ PAGE_2_
DATE _3/02/79__
When these preliminary calculations are completed, program
NEJ399 begins to perform allocation calculations one state at
a time. If program execution is for an annual national run all
states on file NEDS-AFC-MST are processed; if execution is a special
run for selected state(s), the file is positioned at the beginning
of data for the selected states and data for all non-selected
states is bypassed. State level data for the current state is
moved to an internal storage area to be accessed as needed by
county calculations. Some preliminary calculations with state
data are performed, such as the computation of Industrial Fuel
Intensity Ratios (FIR's) for the state being processed. Control is
then passed to the FOUR-PASSES routine which will sequentially
process all the county records for the current state in four
separate passes as required by AFCA calculations.
FOUR-PASSES controls execution of four subordinate routines
which sequentially read and process county records within tha
current state. Each of these subordinate routines (PASS-ONE
through PASS-FOUR) is performed the same number of times as
there are counties within the state.
File NEDS-AFC-MST is positioned at the beginning of data
for the current state 2ach time one of the subordinate routines
is called.
PASS-ONE computes several values required in later passes
plus the following final estimates:
1. LTO Cycles for Military, Civilian and Commercial
Aircraft.
2. Off-Highway Diesel Consumption.
3. Marine Vessel Gasoline Consumption.
4. Railroad Diesel Consumption.
5. Heavy-Duty Vehicle Diesel and Gasoline Consumption.
6. L'ight-Duty Vehicle Gasoline Consumption (for counties
of states that report annual vehicle miles by county).
7. Residential Distillate Oil Consumption.
8. Organic Solvent Consumption
As each of these county values are computed, they are stored in an
internal table which holds all results for all counties within one
state and they are added to respective state totals. When PASS-
ONE has been executed for all counties within the state, control
is returned to the FOUR-PASSES routine.
B-80
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Descriotion
SECTION_6 PAGE 3
DATE November 16, 1981
FOUR-PASSES then calculates five state level values required
in PASS-TWO and passes control to that routine.
PASS-TWO computes the following estimates for each county
within the state:
1. Off-Highway Gasoline Consumption.
2. Retail Gasoline Sales.
3. Light-Duty Vehicle Gasoline Consumption (for counties
of states not reporting annual vehicle miles by county),
4. Residential Bituminous and Anthracite Coal Consumption.
5. Industrial Consumption of Residual Oil, Distillate
Oil, Natural Gas and Bituminous Coal.
When PASS-TWO has completed values for all counties within the
state, it passes control back to FOUR-PASSES which computes six
values needed by PASS-THREE.
PASS-THREE computes county estimates of Residential Natural
Gas Consumption. It then accumulates six totals relating to
"special" commercial categories consumption of natural gas, LPG,
anthracite and bituminous coal and residual and distillate oil.
These values are used following PASS-THREE and in PASS-FOUR.
FOUR-PASSES then calculates 12 values required in PASS-FOUR
and passes control to that routine.
PASS-FOUR then completes the state processing by computing
the following estimates for each county within the state:
1. Commercial Natural Gas Consumption.
2. Commercial Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Consumption.
3. Commercial Residual and Distillate Oil Consumption.
4. Bituminous Sulphur and Ash Content.
When PASS-FOUR has completed all the calculations for an
input county record, it writes out CARDS 1 through 4 to file
NEDS-ATRAN and writes all county allocation results to a for-
matted county report. Results not computed by PASS-FOUR are
picked up from an internal table where they were stored as computed
by PASS-ONE through PASS-THREE. After these stored results are
used to create the output file and report, PASS-FOUR clears the
internal table of all data for the current county.
B-81
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 4
DATE
3/02/79
When PASS-FOUR has been executed for all counties
within the state, control is returned to the FOUR-PASSES
routine. FOUR-PASSES completes all processing for a state
by formatting state totals that were accumulated by PASS-ONE
through PASS-FOUR and writing these state totals to the output
report. The internal table of state totals is cleared to
zeroes and control is returned to program NEj399's mainline
routine.
Program NE099 then positions file NEDS-AFC-MST at the
beginning of data for the next state to be processed and
returns control to the FOUR-PASSES routine. When all states
have been processed for an annual national run, or all selected
states have been processed for a special run, program pro-
cessing is terminated.
B-82
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION _6 PAGE J_
3/02/79
DATE
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION _6 PAGE 6
3/02/79
DATE
ASU CQUTS.HT
OF BIT.
E
So \_YLkT
B-84
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 7
3/02/79
DATE
fcfAD-Srvrt
RiAD HtXT .
NIASTL2. /-aJ-e™i
STATL TN?uT
J3A.TA
FIR-1
IKTIUSITV
2>TAT£.
5TAT1
A
PATA
MISSAGf.
PILLS
c
)
FbuR-PASSlS
B-85
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
Description
SECTION _£ - PAGE_£
3/02/79
RATP
P05 1 T r 0M — M AST LR.
ICtV To
WiXT STATi
niCOR.D
" f-M-fJOT
£X1T
COMPLiTL"
MiSSASi
(
5ToP
S£T O.V
TO PE.ivrouS
STATt
Cotlb
I- R-M-tXIT
T STOP RUM j
B-86
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION _ 6_ PAGE 9
3/02/79
DATE
FOUR-PASS £S
. cwrvs.
OJMPuTt STXTC
GU.S
L^UIP.
CaMPuTt STATI
RE.TAIL 6AS
. OF 2
FulL TVP£S
^4O. CMTSS.
TtMlS
STATi
TVP£S
?ASS-TH^^£.£.
HO. O*WS.
COKlPuTl 5TATS.
CC>A,1_
PMtN
VALU£S
U0.CKTVS.
TZM£S
UP
5TATS. lifcte
v/ALUCS
ZfHO SJATL
BACK COUNT
P-P-fXIT
B-87
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION:
Detailed Program
Description
SECTION f, PAGE_LJ
3/02/79
DATE.
PASS-DNE.
B-88
TOTALS FOK 4-
TYPIS
OIL
6P 4-
TVPS.S
EXIT
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION' Detailed Program
Description
SECTION _§ PAGE 11
DATE 3/02/79
?ASS-TU>0
MESSAGE
IS
ISTIMATIS
PutL Co/s/S.
P-A-2XTT
B-89
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION' Detailed Program
Descriotion
SECTION 6 PAGE_il
DATE.
3/02/79
B-90
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION1 Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 13
DATE
3/02/79
PASS-FOUR
MASTER. /_ Si.'.™-.*.
8rruM.
. tSTMATI.
CoHPuTL
tH
. DlL
Prsr.
S.STIMATL
B-91
CJ3MPUTL
ruM. CaAi_
SacPHufi/ASH
S£T UP
7-u-S.XJT
£XIT
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
•errinu Detailed Program
»trLl lull! _
Description
SECTION 6. PAGE 14
DATE 10/16/79
.
Calculations
Program NE099:
Program NE099, the major calculation program in the AFCA
system, computes county-wide estimates of fuel consumption
using national, state, and county data items which have been
collected by previous APCA programs and stored on file NEDS-
AFC-MST. Thirty-one estimated totals are produced by program
NE099 for each SAROAD county and output to NEDS Area Source
Cards 1 through 4. The calculations executed to produce these
estimates are specified below in twelve general categories.
I Aircraft Landing and Take-Off Cycles (3 estimates)
County landing and take-off cycles are calculated separately
for three aircraft categories:
1) Civil (general) Aircraft LTO Cycles
2) Commercial Aircraft LTO Cycles
3) Military Aircraft LTO Cycles
For counties with FAA-regulated airports and/or military airports
(at least one of the following three fields on CNTY-AFC-REC' is
nonblank: CNTY-C-A-OPR, CNTY-G-A-OPR, or CNTY-M-A-OPR), LTO's
are derived directly from reported operations using the formulas:
LTO± = 0.5
x 0.
and
LTO, = 0.5 x 0,
where:
LTO. = County LTO's for aircraft category i (i=l for,
commercial aircraft; i=2 for civil aircraft)
LTO., = County LTO's for military aircraft.
0. = Total operations in county for aircraft category i
(on CNTY-AFC-REC)
0.. = Total military aircraft operations in County (Q^TY-M-A-
OPR on CNTY-AFC-REC) u:'
For counties with no FAA-regulated airports or military ailports,
all operations in the county are assumed to involve civil.Aircraft
only- The number of LTO's for civil aircraft (LTO,,)- is calculated
from the county aircraft registrations (CNTY-AIRCRAFT-REG iin
CNTY-AFC-REC) using the formula:
LT02 =
N
B-92
where:
N = County aircraft registrations (on CNTY-AFC-REC)
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 15
DATE 3/02/79
II. Consumption of Gasoline and Diesel Fuel by Off-Highway
Sources (2 estimates)
Off-highway sources have been divided into six categories.
Total off-highway consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel is
the sum of the consumption estimates of the individual categories
as follows:
1) Off -Highway Consumption of Gasoline (G) is computed
using the formula:
6
G = F.
where:
- F-; = Gasoline consumption by off-highway category j
\ (j=l for farm equipment; j=2 for construction equip-
4- ment; j = 3 for industrial equipment; j=4 for motor-
:l cycles; j = 5 for lawn and garden equipment; j=6 for
snowmobiles)
The formulas used to compute values for FI through F5 follow:
(A) County Gasoline Consumption by Farm Equipment (FI):
TC
Fi = FSi * ~Tir~
%':f
where:
FSi = State gasoline consumption by farm equipment (computed
with another formula given below)
.': -TC = County tractor population (CNTY-TRCTR-POP on CNTY-AFC-
^ REC)
% TS = State tractor population (.SFE-TRCTRS on STE^AFC-REC)
The'^formula used to compute FS]_ is:
& 5
fk*Nk*Ak*FRk
B-93
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION:
Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 16
DATE 3/02/79
where:
ffc = Fraction of farm equipment in subcategory k that is
powered by gasoline (k=l for tractors, FE-TRCTRS-
GAS on NTL-AFC-REC; k=2 for combines, FE-CMBINS-GAS
on NTL-AFC-REC; k=3 for balers, FE-BALERS-GAS on
NTL-AFC-REC; k=4 for harvesters, FE-HRVSTRS-GAS on
NTL-AFC-REC; k=5 for large general purpose engines,
FE-G-P-GAS on NTL-AFC-REC)
Nfc = State population of farm equipment in subcategory k
(NI is SFE-TRCTRS on STE-AFC-REC; N2 is SFE-CMBINS
on STE-AFC-REC; N3 is SFE-BALRS on STE-AFC-REC; N4
is SFE-HRVSTRS on STE-AFC-REC; NS is estimated using
the formula described below)
Ay, = Average annual usage (hours/year) of farm equipment
in subcategory k using gasoline (A]_ is FEO-GAS-TRCTRS
on NTL-AFC-REC; A2 is FEO-CMBINS on NTL-AFC-REC; A3
is FEO-BALERS on NTL-AFC-REC; A4 is FEO-HRVSTRS on
NTL-AFC-REC; AS is FEO-GEN-PURP on NTL-AFC-REC)
FR^ = Average consumption (gals./hour) of gasoline per
unit of equipment in subcategory k (FR]_ is ACR-GAS-
TRCTRS on NTL-AFC-REC; FR2 is ACR-GAS-CMBIN on NTL-
AFC-REC; FR3 is ACR-GAS-BALER on NTL-AFC-REC; FR4 is
ACR-GAS-HRVSTRS; FR5 is ACR-GAS-G-PURP)
The formula used to compute state population of large general
purpose farm engines (NS) is:
NS = #
where:
TS = State tractor population (SF E-TRCTRS on STE-AFC-REC)
SF = Number of farms in state (STE-FRMS-GT-2500 on STE-
AFC-REC)
SIF = Number of farms in state in Irrigated Areas (STE-
IRGAT-FRMS on STE-AFC-REC)
(B) County Gasoline Consumption by Construction Eauicment
(F2): ' -
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6PAGE 17
DATE
•» xn? X7Q
where:
NCG = National gasoline consumption by construction
equipment COH-G-CONS-ENG on NTL-AFC-REC)
SCE = State employment in heavy construction (HVY-CNSTRTN
on STE-AFC-REC)
NCE = National employment in heavy construction (ET-HVY-
CONS on NTL-AFC-REC)
CP = Current county population CSC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SP = Current state population CSTE-CRNT-POP on STE-AFC-REC)
CC) County Gasoline Consumption by Industrial Equipment (F3):
* (CMF+CME+CWE >
3 VNMF+NME+NWEy -••
where:
NIG = National gasoline consumption by industrial equipment
(OH-G-IND-ENG on NTL-AFC-REC1
CMF = Total county employment in manufacturing (CBP-SIC-19
on CNTY-AFC-REC")
CME = Total county employment in mining CCBP-SIC-10 on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
"!•<.'
-I:>
CWE = Total county employment in wholesale trade (CBP-SIC-
50 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
NMF = Total national employment in manufacturing (.SC-TOT-MFG-
EMP on NTL-AFC-REC):.-
i. +
NME = Total national employment in mining (ET-MNG on NTL-
AFC-REC) £
r")v
NWE = Total national employment in wholesale trade (ET-WHLS-
TRD on NTL-AFC-REC I...
B-95
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE JJL
HATF 6/13/80
(D) County Gasoline Consumption by Motorcycles
f,u,
CP f Tlul +T2U2\
F = — * I SM * —— )
r4 SP V MFR J
1000
where:
CP = Current county population (SC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SP = Current state population (STE-CRNT-POP on STE-AFC-REC)
SM = State motorcycle population (SP-MOTCYCL on STE-AFC-REC)
MFR = Motorcycle fuel consumption rate (mi./gal.; NTL-MOT-G-CONS-RATE
on NTL-AFC-REC)
f-, = Fraction of motorcycles that are off-road (one of nine data items
within NTL-PCj-OFF-RD-MOT field of NTL-AFC-REC, depending on which
census region county is in)
U-, = Average usage (mi./yr.) of off-road motorcycles (AMY-OFF-RD-MOT on
1 NTL-AFC-REC)
f? = Fraction of motorcycles that are combination (one of nine data items
within NTL-PCT-COMB-MOT field of NTL-AFC-REC, depending on which
census region county is in)
u9 = Average off-i$9ad usage (mi./yr.) by combination motorcycles
L (AMY-0-R-COMrMOT on NTL-AFC-REC)
(E) County Gasoline .Consumption by Lawn and Garden Equipment (F,-):
\ ^ / \ I L \ SZP J \ SIS I
*K
where: ,3\
NLG = National gasoline consumption by lawn and garden equipment other
than snowthracers (OH-G-L-G-ENG on NTL-AFC-REC)
B-96
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION g PAGE 19
DATE a/n
CSU = Number of dwelling units in single unit structures
in county (CNTY-NO-S-U-STR on CNTY-AFC-REC)
NSU = Number of dwelling units in single unit structures in
nation (NTL-NO-DWLG-UNTS on NTL-AFC-REC}
CFF = Number of freeze free days in county (CNTY-F-F-DAYS
on CNTY-AFC-REC)
NFF = Number of freeze-free days in nation CNTL-NO-FRZ-
FRE-DAYS on NTL-AFC-REC1
NSG = National gasoline consumption by snowthrowers (OH-
G-SNWTHROWRS on NTL-AFC-REC 1.
CP = Current county population (SC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SZP = Snow-zone population(NTL-SNW-ZN-POP on NTL-AFC-REC)
CS = County snowfall CCNTY-ANN-SNOW on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SZS - Snow-zone snowfall CNTL-SNW-ZN-SNFL on NTL-AFC-REC)
if CS <. 3,0. inches
K
= 1 if CS =- 3j3 inches
(F) County Gasoline Consumption by Snowmobiles (Fg).
_ * (CSM
F6 ~ NGS
where :
NGS = National gasoline consumption by snowmobiles COH-G-
SNWMBLS on NTL-AFC-REC)
CSM = County snowmobile population (computed with anothe:
formula given belowl
NSM = National snowmobile population (NTL-SNWMBL-POP on
NTL-AFC-REC)
B-97
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 2°
DATE 3/02/79
—
The formula used to compute CSM is:
CSM = f * SSM
n
^ fc
where: c=l
fc = Fraction of state's snowmobiles that are located in
the county (estimated using a formula described below)
n = Number of counties in state (STE-NO-CNTYS on CNTY-AFC-REC}
SSM = State snowmobile population (SP-SNWMBL on STE-AFC-
REC)
The formula used to compute the fraction of the state's snow-
mobiles that are located in the county (f ) is determined by the
county's population density:
o For counties with population densities (CNTY-POP-DENS on
CNTY-AFC-REC) of less than 1)300 per square mile, the
formula is:
where:
CP = Current county population (SC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SP = Current state population (STE-CRNT-POP on STE-AFC-REC)
CS = County snowfall (CNTY-ANN-SNOW on CNTY-AFC-REC)
CCS = Snowfall in state's centroid county (STE-ANN-SNWFL
on STE-AFC-REC)
o For counties with population densities that are greater
than or equal to 1000 per square mile, the formula is:
f
where:
= |x*(|i)J * [_1.5-(0.0005*CPDM
CP = Current county population
SP = Current state population
CPD = County population density (CNTY-POP-DENS on CNTY-AFC-
REC)
B-98
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION* Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 21
DATE 3/02/79
= 0 if CPD > 3000
-In
if 3000 >• CPD > 1000
2) Off-Highway Consumption of Diesel Fuel (DF) is computed
using the formula:
DP =
where:
Ej = Diesel fuel consumption by off-highway category j (see
Section II. 1. above for definitions of j: 1-3)
The formulas used to compute values for E^ through £3 follow:
(A) County Diesel Fuel Consumption by Farm Equipment (E]_) :
TC
Ei = DFSi * ii
where:
DFS]_ = State diesel fuel consumption by farm equipment
(computed with another formula given below")
TC = County tractor population (CNTY-TRCTR-POP on CNTY-AFC-REC)
TS = State tractor population (SFE-TRCTRS on STE-AFC-REC)
The formula used to compute DFS]_ is:
5
DFS]_ = £ fdk*Nk*ADk*FRDk
k=l
where:
10,000
fdk = Fraction of farm equipment in subcategory k that is
powered by diesel fuel
o fd]_ = Fraction of tractors powered by diesel fuel (FE-
TRCTRS-DSL on NTL-AFC-REC)
B-99
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION
DATE 3/02/79
o fd~ = Fraction of combines powered by diesel fuel (100-
f-2' f2 is FE-COMBINS-GAS on NTL-AFC-REC)
o fd3 = Fraction of balers powered by diesel fuel (100- f^;
f3 is FE-BALERS-GAS on NTL-AFC-REC)
o fd^ = Fraction of harvesters powered by diesel fuel
(Ij3p-f4; f4 is FE-HRVSTRS-GAS on NTL-AFC-REC)
o fdc = Fraction of general purpose engines powered by
diesel fuel (100-f5; £5 is FE-G-P-GAS on NTL-AFC-REC)
Nfc = State population of farm equipment in subcategory k;
see specification of State Farm Equipment Gasoline
Consumption formula above (Section II. 1. A.) for
definitions of N]_ through N5
Average annual usage (hours/year) of farm equipment in
subcategory k using diesel fuel CAD]_ is FEO-DSL-TRCTRS
on NTL-AFC-REC; AD2 is FEO-COMBINS on NTL-AFC-REC;
AD3 is FEO-BALERS; AD4 is FEO-HRVSTRS; AD,- is FEO-
GEN-PURP)
= Average consumption Cgals,/hour) of diesel fuel per
unit of equipment in subcategory k (FRD]_ is ACR-DSL-
TRCTR on NTL-AFC-REC; FRD2 is ACR-DSL-CMBIN on NTL-
AFC-REC; FRD3 is ACR-DSL-BALER; FRD4 is ACR-DSL-
HRVSTR; FRD5 is ACR-DSL-G-PURP)
CB) County Diesel Fuel Consumption by Construction Equipment
(E2):
= NCD * * T —
IF VNCE/ Vsp
where :
NCD = National diesel fuel consumption by construction
equipment (OH-D-CONS-ENG on NTL-AFC-REC)
SCE = State employment in heavy construction (HVY-CNSTRTN
on STE-AFC-REC1
B-100
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION,! PAGE.
DATE 3/02/79
23
NCE = National Employment in heavy construction (ET-HVY-CONS
on NTL-AFC-REC)
CP = Current county population (SC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SP = Current state population (STE-CRNT-POP on STE-AFC-REC)
(C) County Diesel Fuel Consumption by Industrial Equipment
(E3) :
E-, = NID
3
* /"CMF+CME+CWE
V NMF+NME+NWE
where:
NID = National diesel fuel consumption by industrial
equipment (OH-D-IND-ENG on NTL-AFC-REC)
See specification of County Industrial Equipment Gasoline Consump-
tion formula above (Section II. 1. C.) for definitions of CMF,
CME, CWE, NMF, NME, and NWE.
III. Retail Gasoline Sales (1 estimate)
Some states report retail gasoline sales (gallons) by county
For these states the reported county figures are used directly.
(If the CNTY-FLG field on CNTY-AFC-REC is blank, then the CNTY-
RET-GS-SLS field contains gallons of retail gasoline sold in the
county, and that figure is output to NEDS Area Source Card 4.)
For states that do not report county retail gasoline sales,
an estimate (CGS) is derived using the formula:
CGS = SHG *
Fi
SAG*
CLT
SLT,
where:
100
SHG = State retail sales of gasoline for highway and marine
use (computed with another formula given below)
B-101
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION* Detailed Program
Description
SECTION^ PAGE 24
DATE 3/02/79
CGR = Gross receipts of gasoline service stations in county
(CNTY-RET-GS-SLS on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SGR = Gross receipts of gasoline service stations in state
(STE-TOT-GRS-RVN on STE-AFC-REC)
Fj = County gasoline consumption by off-highway category j
(use values for F]_, F2 and F, computed with equations
given in Section II. 1. A. through Section II. 1. C.
above)
SAG = State aviation gasoline consumption (GAS-AVATN on STE-
AFC-REC)
CLT = Total LTD cycles in county for military, civil, and
commercial aircraft (sum of LTO]_, LT02, and LTC>3
computed with equations given in Section I. above)
SLT = Total LTO cycles in state for 3 aircraft categories
(STE-NO-ARCRFT-OPER on STE-AFC-REC)
The formula used to compute SHG is:
SHG = (TSO + TSH) -(SGC + SGI + SGF + SAG)
where:
TSO = Total state off-highway gasoline consumption (STE-TOT-
0-H-G-CONS on STE-AFC-REC)
TSH = Total state highway gasoline consumption (HFC-GAS on
STE-AFC-REC)
SGC = Reported state gasoline consumption by construction
equipment (GAS-CNSTR-EQ on STE-AFC-REC)
SGI = Reported state commercial-industrial gasoline consumption
(GAS-COML-IND on STE-AFC-REC)
SGF = Reported state agricultural gasoline consumption (GAS-
AGRCLT on STE-AFC-REC)
SAG = State aviation gasoline consumption (GAS-AVATN on STE-
AFC-REC)
B-102
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
Description
SECTION:
SECTION_6
DATE 3/02/79
IV. Consumption of Gasoline by Marine Vessels (.1 estimate)
County consumption of gasoline by Marine Vessels (MVG) is
computed using the formula:
MVG
•D
CIW+(fs*CC)
SIW+(fs*SC)
10*CWM(SIB*IFC+SOB*OFC)
where:
CIW = County inland water area (CNTY-IN-WIR-AREA on CNTY-
AFC-REC)
fs = State factor for converting coastline to inland water
area (STE-CSTLN-CONV-FCTR on STE-AFC-REC)
CC = County Coastline (CNTY-CSTLN on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SIW = State inland water area (STE-INLND-WTR-AREA on STE-
AFC-REC)
SC = State coastline (STE-CSTLN-MI on STE-AFC-REC)
CWM = Number of "warm" months in county (CNTY-WRM-MOS on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
SIB = State inboard boat population (SP-INBD-BOT on STE-
AFC-REC)
IFC = Average gasoline consumption rate (gals./hr.) of
inboard boats (GCR-INBD-MOTR on NTL-AFC-REC)
SOB = State outboard boat population (SP-OUTBD-BOT on STE-
AFC-REC)
OFC = Average gasoline consumption rate (gal./hr.) of outboard
boats (GCR-OUTBD-MOTR on NTL-AFC-REC)
V.
Consumption of Diesel Fuel by Railroads (1 estimate)
County Consumption of diesel fuel by Railroads (RRD) is
computed using the formula:
RRD = (SRD*4.2) *( ^
B-103
-------
C -.
s.-vo".r"?*" !•"
vnere:
SPJD = State consumption cf diesel fuei by railroads (STE-R--.-DSL on
C? = Current county population (SC-CAT-1 on CKTY-AJC-EZC)
S? = Current state population (STE-CRNT-POP on STE-AJC-HZC)
VI. Consumption of Gasoline and Diesel 7uel bv Hie'nwav Vehicles (3 estimates)
County fuel consumption by highway vehicles is calculated separately ror
three different categories:
1) County di
ca
ountv diesel fuel consumption bv Hea\r^'-Dutv Vehicles (DHD) is
alculated by a -wo step process.
A) First calculate the cour.tv's heavy duty diesel Vehicle VMT
(HDDV-VKT). HDDV-VMT is calculated using the formula:
EDDV-VMT
CM
RM
r e:
CT = Number of trucks ir. cour.ty > 26,000 Ibs (T7Z5-CTT-25COO or.
CKTY-AJC-SZZ)
ST = Number of trucks in state > 25,000 Ibs (7r..-Gn- 26000 en
HDI3V-SVMT = HDDV vehicle nil as trsvalad vithir. the state cf
registration (irJS- SHORT -HAKGI-\?rr on riUS-\rKT-?ZCOH
CM = Jraction cf county -ileage to riational iilea.ee
2M ( NK -TRACT on NN-?ZCO?J))"
HDDV-L\'KT — National total cf HIiDV vehicle niles traveled outside cf
the state cf registration (TrJS-LONG-RANGI-VMT on
TIUS-VK7-HSCOFZ vhen the TIUS state code = 99)
3) County diesel fuel cor.sur:rtion (DI£D) is thar. cc— ruted f~on
HDDV-VMT with the fclloving fcrsula:
DHD
HDDV-VMT / :-Z'-DSl-M?_G
1000
B-104
-------
LI7.-.ILZI ?-\DG :•_-_'•'
vhere:
KD-DSL-MPG = Average miles per gallon for HDDV
(INDCTK-HT-DSL-MPG on IKT--CAPD)
2) County gasoline consumption by Keaw-Dutv Vehicles (GKD) is
GHD
.ed using the formula:
3 KDVV, * A.MTV,
>J ~«P-v
T
/CCP\ * /SIB * GIB \
ISCP) I 1000 j
wnere:
EDVV = Number of trucks in county in weight category v (w = 1 for
trucks 6001-10,000 Ibs., T?J^-6001-10000 on CNTY-AJC-RZC;
v = 2 for trucks 10,001-15500 IDS., TPJLS-10001-19500 on
CNTY-AJC-REC; v = 3 for trucks 19,501-26000 IDS.,
TRZS-19501-26000 on CK'TY-APC-HZC).
AMTV = Average, niles/yesr traveled in state by tracks in weight:
category v (A.MT^ is AVG-6001-1000 on STZ-A\?C-RZC; A>fI->
is AVG-10001-20000 on STZ-AJC-RZC; A.MT3 is AVG-260CO)7
M?GV = Miles per gallon for trucks in weight category v (national
c.s.'zs. contained in element JHA-MILES of file KAD5 - CONTROL;
MPG-i is JHA-MILZS-1; MPCo is rHA-MILZS-2; M?3 is
- 7HA-KILZS-3).
CC? = Cotmty population in nest recent census year (CNTY-C-YH-PO?
on ChTY -ATC-EEC).
SCP = State population in nest recent census year (STZ-CNS-YE-PO?
on STI-/.FC-HZC).
•
SIB = Number cf institutional buses in state (NG-SCH-IKST on
STZ-AJC-HZC).
GIB - Average gasoline consumption (gal./yr) of institutional buses
(NTL-SCH-3US on NTL-^C-HZC).
SH3 = State highvay butane fuel consumption (HJC-SPD-7ULS on
B-105
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DOCUMENTATION
£ E ~ i i O N
c c
3) County gasoline consumption by Lieht-Durv Vjehicles (GLD) is
calculated using one of the following two formulas.
A) For states that report annual vehicle miles by county, the
formula is:
CVM
SVM
GHD
where:
CVM = Annual vehicle miles traveled in county (CKTY-ANN-VEE-KLS
on CKTY-AJC-REC).
SVM = Annual vehicle miles traveled in stare (STE-ANN-VZE-M! on
STZ-AFC-REC).
TSH = Total state highway gasoline consumption (HFC-GAS on
STE-AJC-REC).
GHD = County gasoline consumption by heavy-duty vehicles (computed
vith fcnnula given in Section VI. 2. above).
\
5) Tor states that do not report annual vehicle siles by county
(the CN77Y-ANN-VZI--MLS field on CNTY-AFC-HZC is bla.r±), the
fcrraula is:
n
E
c = 1
GZD
wnere :
CPJ-. = Number of automobiles registered in county (TCT-A-EZG on
CKTY-ATC-22C).
B-106
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 29
DATE 3/02/79
CLT = Number of trucks in county < 6j2fj3,0 Ibs, (TRKS-LTE-6,000
on CNTY-AFC-REC)
i = Rural/urban miles per vehicle index for county (one of
four data items on record in element RU-MI-NDX of file
NADB-CONTROL depending on what percentage of county's
population is rural)
n = number of counties in state STE-NO-CNTYS on STE-AFC-REC)
TSH = Total state highway gasoline consumption (HFC-GAS on
STE-AFC-REC)
GHD = County gasoline consumption by heavy-duty vehicles
(computed with formula given in Section VI. 2. above)
VII. Organic Solvent Consumption (1 estimate)
County organic solvent consumption (COS) is the sum of con-
sumption of seventeen solvent types by 18 different solvent-user
groups. The formula is:
17 18
COS - V V CCEn-CPEn) *
COS - 2. 2_ (NE^-NPEu) N°bsu
s=l u=l
where:
CE = Number of individuals (employment or population) in
u county in solvent-user category u
Cu=l for current population, SC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=2 for SIC 7535 employment, SC-CAT-2 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=3 for SIC 371 employment, SC-CAT-3 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=4 for SIC 25 employment, CBP-SIC-25 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=5 for SIC 34 employment, CBP-SIC-34 on CNTY-AFC-REC,-
u=6 for employment in SIC's 35 and 36, SC-CAT-6 on
CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=7 for SIC 26 employment, CBP-SIC-26 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=8 for employment in SIC's 243 and 244, SC-CAT-8 on
CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=9 for non-auto transportation employment, SC-CAT-9
on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=10 for SIC 36 employment, CBP-SIC-36 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
B-107
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 3°
DATE 3/02/79
—
CPEU =
NE
u
u=ll for total manufacturing employment, CBP-SIC-19
on CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=12 for employment in SIC 373, SC-CAT-12 on CNTY-AFC-
REC;
u=13 for employment in degreasing trades, DG-CAT-13 on
CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=14 for employment in solvent laundries, DC-CAT-14 on
CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=15 for employment in printing trades, PP-CAT-15 on
CNTY-AFC-REC;
u=16 for employment in SIC 30, CBP-SIC-30 on CNTY-AFC-REC; ;
u=17 for total manufacturing employment, CBP-SIC-19; and
u=18 for current population, SC-CAT-1)
Number of individuals in county in point source solvent-
user category u
(CPEi is Pi
CPE2 is PSE-SC-CAT-2 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE3 is PSE-SC-CAT-3 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE4 is IPS-SIC-25 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEs is IPS-SIC-34 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEg is PSE-SC-CAT-6 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE7 is IPS-SIC-26 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEp is PSE-SC-CAT-8 OP CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEg is PSE-SC-CAT-9 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEiQ is IPS-SIC-36 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEn is PSE-SC-CAT-11 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE12 is PSE-SC-CAT-12 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE13 is PSE-DG-CAT-13 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE14 is PSE-DC-CAT-14 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPE15 is PSE-PP-CAT-15 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEis is IPS-SIC-30 on CNTY-AFC-REC;
CPEi7 is PSE-SC-CAT-11; and
CPE18 is 0)
= Number of individuals in nation in solvent-user category u
(NE]_ is
NE2 is
NE-. is
NE4 is
NEs is
NE6 is
NE7 is
SC-CRNT-POP on NTL-AFC-REC;
SC-SIC-7535 on NTL-AFC-REC;
SC-SIC-371 on NTL-AFC-REC;
SC-SIC-25 on NTL-AFC-REC;
SC-SIC-34 on NTL-AFC-REC;
SC-SIC-35-36 on NTL-AFC-REC;
SC-SIC-26 on NTL-AFC-REC;
B-108
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 31
DATE March 14, 1984
NEg is SC-SIC-243-244 on NTL-AFC-REC ;
NEg is SC-SIC-37 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NE10 is SC-SIC-36 on NTL-AFC-REC;
is SC-TOT-MPG-EMP on NTL-APC-REC;
is SC-SIC-373 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NE13 is DG-SIC-34-39 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NE]_4 is DC-SCLV-LDRS on NTL-AFC-REC;
NE]_5 is PP-SIC-264-265-27 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NE16 is RP-SIC-30 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NE].7 is SC-TOT-MFG-EMP;
NEis is SC-CRNT-POP)
NPE.J = Number of individuals in nation in point source solvent-
user category u
(NPEi is J3;
NPE2 is PSE-SIC-7535 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE3 is PSE-SIC-371 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE4 is PSE-SIC-25 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE5 is PSE-SIC-34 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPEg is PSE-SIC-35-36 on NTL-AFC-REC?
NPE7 is PSE-SIC-26 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPEg is PSE-SIC-243-244 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPEg is PSE-SIC 37 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE10 is PSE-SIC-36 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPEu is PSE-SIC-20-39 on NTL-APC-REC;
NPE]_2 is PSE-SIC-373 on NTL-APC-REC;
NPE]_3 is PSE-SIC-34-39 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE14 is PSE-SIC-7215 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE15 is PSE-SIC-264-265-27 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPEie is PSE-SIC-3J3 on NTL-AFC-REC;
NPE17 is PSE-SIC-2J3-39;
NPE18 is J3)
NC6su = National consumption of solvent type s by solvent-
user category u
(s=l for Special Naphthas;
s=2 for Penchloroethylene;
s-3 for Etnanol;
s=4 for Trichloroethylene;
s=5 for Isopropanol;
s=6 for Acetone;
s=7 for Glycol Ethers;
s=8 for Cyclohexanone
s=9 for M.E.K.;
B-109
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION- Detailed Program
Description
SECTION.
PAGE.32
nATP March 14, 1984
s=10 for Ethyl Benzene
s=ll for Propylene Glycol
s=12 for Methanol;
s=13 for Butyl Acetate;
s=14 for Ethyl Acetate;
s=15 for Butyl Alcohols;
s=16 for M.I.B.K.;
s=17 for all Other Solvents
NOS is computed using the formula:
NOS = (CST * 500) * PSU
su *• s J su
Where:
CST = Published total national consumption of solvent
type s (one of seventeen- data items within NTL-
ORG-SOLV-CONS filed of NTL-AFC-REC depending on
value of 5, 1-17)
PSU = Per cent of solvent type s that is consumed by
solvent-user category u Cper cent for 17 solvent
types found on seventeen TAB-3-11 records in element
USER-PRCNT of file NADB-CONTROL; per cent of solvent
use for surface-coatings is broken down into 12
solvent-user categories by multiplying value in
USER-PRCNT-S-CTNGS field by 12 per cent found on
TAB-3-13 record in element USER-PRCNT; per cent of
solvent use for other miscellaneous uses is distributed
25%, to solvent user category 17 and 75% to solvent
user category 18.
VIII. Fuel Consumption by Residential Sources (4 estimates)
County fuel consumption by residential sources is calculated
separately for four different fuel types:
1) County Residential Natural Gas Consumption (RNG) is
computed using the formula:
RNG = NCG + (0.00922 * NCL)
B-110
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE33
DATE 3/02/79
where:
NCG = A normalized estimate of county residential natural
gas consumption (.computed with formulas given below)
NCL = A normalized estimate of county residential LPG con-
sumption 1 computed with formulas given below)
(0.J30922 is the factor used to convert killogallons of LPG
to its natural gas equivalent in 10"7 cu. ft.)
(A) A normalized estimate of county residential natural
gas consumption (NCG). is produced by execution of the
following formulas:
NCG =
ECG
z
c=l
ECG
where:
ECG = Estimated county natural gas consumption by residential
sources in therms (computed with formula given below)
n = Number of counties in state (STE-NO-CNTYS on STE-AFC-REC)
SNG = Published state residential natural gas consumption
in 10° cu. ft. (N-G-RES on STE-AFC-REC)
ECG is computed using the formula:
ECG = 47.5*UG*DD°'367*
UGH
UX
0.588 0,125
* MR
where:
UG = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using gas
in current year (computed with formula that follows)
DD = Annual heating degree days in county (CNTY-DEG-DAYS on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
B-lll
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Descriotion
SECTION__6 PAGE 34
DATE Jur.e 14, T°82
UGH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using
gas heat in census year (SH-GAS-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
UX = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using
gas for cooking or hot water fuel in census year,
whichever is larger (CKG-GAS or WH-GAS on CNTY-
AFC-REC) (if UX = 0, it is set to 1 to prevent division by 01
MR = Median number of rooms per dwelling unit in the
county (CNTY-NO-RMS on CNTY-AFC-REC)
UG is computed using the formula:
CGH
UG =
RPH
where:
CGH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using
gas heat in current year (computed with formula
below)
RPH = Per cent of residential gas customers in state with
gas heat (STE-PCT-GAS-CUST on STE-AFC-REC)
CGH is computed using the formula:
CGH = UGH + IGH
where:
UGH = Number of occupied dwelling units in.county using
gas heat in census year (SH-GAS-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
IGH = Total increase, since census year in county dwelling
units using gas for space-heating (computed with
following formula)
IGH =
CPC
n
UGH
,SGH
CPC,
where:
c=l
CPC = Growth in county population since census year
(computed with formula below)
B-112
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION_6 PAGE 3!
DATE H/16/81
A = Number of additional gas-heated dwelling units in state
due to new housing starts since census year (sum of up
to eleven data items within the STE-NEW-HSG-ADINS field
of STE-APC-REC, depending on how many years since last
census)
UGH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using gas
heat in census year (SH-GAS-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SGH = Number of occupied dwelling units in state using gas
heat in census year (STE-GAS-HSG-UNTS on STE-AFC-REC)
C = Number of conversions to gas space heating in the state
since census year (sum of up to eleven data items
within the STE-GAS-H-CONV field of STE-AFC-REC, depending
on how many years since last census)
CPC = CP-CCP (NOTE: IF CP-CCP<0, then CPC = 0}
where :
CP = Current county population (SC-CAT-1 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
CCP = County population in most recent census year (CNTY-C-
YR-POP on CNTY-AFC-REC)
(B) A normalized estimate of county residential LPG consump-
tion (NCL) is computed by the following formulas:
ECL >(SRL-SPL), then NCL = =•==- * (SRL-SPL]
c n
c=l
n
If T^ ECL <_ (SRL-SPL) , then NCL = ECL
c=l °
where:
ECL = Estimated county LPG consumption by residential sources
in kilogallons (computed with formula given below)
n = Number of counties in state (STE-NO-CNTYS on STE-AFC-REC)
SRL = State retail LPG shipments (LPG-RET on STE-AFC-REC)
SPL = State commercial point source LPG comsumption (LPG-C-C
on STE-AFC-REC)
B-113
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 36
DATE
3/02/79
ECL is computed using the formula:
ECL = 0.00105 * CLT
where:
CLT = Estimated county residential LPG consumption in therms
(computed with formula given below)
(0.00105 is the factor used to convert therms to killogallons
of LPG)
CLT is computed using the formula:
CLT = (376+0.209DD>*ULH+(RAW*ULW)+(RAC*ULC)
where:
DD = Annual heating degree days in county (CNTY-DEG-DAYS on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
ULH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using LPG
for space heating in census year (SH-LPG-HT on CNTY-
AFC-REC)
RAW = Average regional consumption (therms/yr. ) of gas by
water heaters (one of nine data items within NTL-AVG-
GAS-W-H field of NTL-AFC-REC, depending on which census
region county is in)
ULW = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using LPG
for heating water in census year (WH-LPG on CNTY-AFC-REC)
RAC = Average regional consumption (therms/yr.) of gas by cooking
ranges (one of nine data items within NTL-AVG-GAS-CONS
field of NTL-AFC-REC, depending on which census region
county is in)
ULC = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using LPG
as cooking fuel in census year (CKG-LPG on CNTY-AFC-REC)
2) and 3) Normalized County Residential Bituminous (CRB) and
Anthracite (CRA) Consumption are computed by the
following formulas:
n n
(A) If: £ ERBc < 1000(SRB-SPB) and "]>" ERAc < (STA-SPA), then
c=l c=l
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 RAGE 37
DATE_3/02/79
CRB = ERB and CRA = ERA
T0~ ~U~
where:
ERB = Estimated county bituminous consumption by residential
sources Ccomputed with a formula given below in Section D)
n = Number of counties in state (STE-NO-CNTYS on STE-AFC-REC)
SRB = Retail shipments of bituminous coal to state (R-U-TOT
on STE-AFC-REC)
SPB = State commercial point source bituminous consumption
(BC-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
ERA = Estimated county anthracite consumption by residential
sources (computed with a formula given below in Section D)
STA = Total anthracite shipments to state (STE-ANTH-SHPMNTS
on STE-AFC-REC)
SPA = State total point source anthracite consumption (STE-
ANTH-CONS on STE-AFC-REC)
(B)
n
If: V
£^_
c=l
n
ERB > 1000 (SRB-SPB) and
G
ERA > (STA-SPA) , then
c=l
r(sRB-spB) -i
CRB = ERB *
- c=l
r (STA-SPA) -i
and
CRA = ERA *
1J3
n
ERA
- c=l
where:
definition of variables in equations is same as that given
above in Section A.
B-115
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
Detailed Program
SECTION:
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 38
DATE 3/02/79
CC) If:
n
c=l
I
c=l
ERB > 1000 (SRB-SPB
c
AND
ERA < (STA-SPA)
OR
n
ERB <1000(SRB-SPB)
c=l
n
"L
c=l
AND
ERA > (STA-SPA)
c
then, estimates of county residential consumption of bituminous
(ERB) and anthracite CERA) are normalized by distributing the
excess computed consumption of one coal type among counties
and adding it to the consumption figure computed for the
other coal type as follows:
with: X = state retail area source consumption of one
s coal type (i.e., [1000* (SRB-SPB)] , or [STA-SEAJ )
Y = state retail area source consumption of the other
coal type
x = calculated county residential area source con-
sumption corresponding to coal type of X (i.e.,
ERB^or ERA) * s
y = calculated county residential area source con-
sumption corresponding to coal type of Y
let:
x =
statewide sum of calculated residential consump-
tion for all n counties in state for one coal
type (i.e., n ERB , or n ERA ), such that
«— ** « c
c=l
c=l
x > X
s ' s
B-116
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 39
DATE 3/02/79
y = statewide sum of calculated residential consumption for
all n counties in state for the other coal type such
that ys < Ys
The excess computed statewide consumption of coal type x (ex ) is
computed with the equation: s
exs = xs - Xs
and the difference between reported state retail consumption and
computed statewide consumption of coal type y (ry ) is computed
with the equation: s
ry = Y - y
Js s J s
A normalization factor (nf) is determined by a comparison of the
excess amount of one coal type with the remainder amount of the
other coal type:
If ex < ry , then nf = ex
If ex > ry , then nf = ry
This normalization factor is used to adjust the calculated estimates
of county residential consumption with the following formulas':
y' =y*l+
x1 =
where:
x1 = Normalized county residential consumption of coal type x
(i.e., CRB or CRA)
y' = Adjusted county residential consumption of coal type y
(i.e., CRB or CRA)
Variables listed below have same definitions as given in
Section A above:
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Descriotion
SECTION ^_PAGE.
DATE 3/02/79
40
ERB SPB n
ERA STA
SRB SPA
(D) The estimates of county residential consumption of
bituminous coal (ERBl and anthracite coal (ERA), which
are adjusted as explained in Sections A through C above,
are computed with the following formulas:
ERA = PMA * C
ERB = (1-PMA) * C
where:
PMA = Per cent of state's residential coal market that is
anthracite CSTE-RES-MKT-SHR on STE-AFC-REC)
C = County residential coal consumption Cboth anthracite
and bituminous; computed below}..
C = 0.00387*UCH*e
where:
UCH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using coal
heat in current year (.computed with formula given below)
DD = Annual heating degree days in county (CNTY-DEG-DAYS on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
UCH is computed using the formula:
UCH = CCH + ICH
where:
CCH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using coal
heat in census year (SH-COAL-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
ICH = Increase in coal-heated dwelling units in county since
census year (.computed below).
B-118
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ399
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 41
DATE. 3/02/79
ICH = CCH*CRG
where :
CCH = Number of coal-heated dwelling units in county, census
year CSH-COAL-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
CRG = Regional growth in coal-heated housing Cone of nina
data items within the NTL-GRWTH-HSG field of NTL-AFC-
REC, depending on which census region county is in)
4) County Residential Distillate Oil (104 gal. /yr.) Consumption
CRDO) is computed using the formula:
79.54), UO
RDO =
where:
DD = Annual heating degree days in county (CNTY-DEG-DAYS on
CNTY-AFC-REC I
MR = Median number of rooms per dwelling unit in the county
CCNTY-NO-RMS on CNTY-AFC-REC)
UOH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using oil
heat in current year (computed with formula given below)
UOW = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using oil
for heating water in census year (WH-OIL on CNTY-AFC-
REC)
The formula used to compute UOH is:
UOH = COH + CPCO*COH)
where:
COH = Number of occupied dwelling units in county using oil
heat in census year (SH-OIL-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
PCO = Percentage change in oil burners since census year
(STE-PCT-CHG on STE-AFC-REC).
IX. Fuel Consumption by Industrial Sources (4 estimates!
B-119
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION ± PAGE.1:
DATE 10/16/79
County fuel consumption by industrial sources is calculated
separately for four different fuel types:
1) A normalized estimate of County Industrial Residual Oil (104 gal./yr.
Consumption (NCR) is computed using the formula:
NCR
I" OP1 * 42 fj
= L IF"J
SIR
n
n
0=1
42)
where:
where:
GIF, = Estimated county residual oil consumption by industrial
sources (computed with formula given below in Section
IX. 5.)
n = Number of counties in state CSTE-NO-CNTYS on STE-AFC-REC)
SIR = Reported state industrial area source residual oil con-
consumption (.computed below)
SIR = TSR - SPR
IF SIR < 0, SIR = 0
SPR = State industrial point source residual oil consumntion
(RO-I-C on STE-AFC-REC1
TSR = Total state industrial residual oil consumption (computed
below)
TSR
= KEF*
SRH) + SRI + SRO * 42
wnere:
SRO = State residual oil sales to oil companies (OCU-RESID
on STE-AFC-REC)
SRI - State residual oil sales to industry (RESID-0-S on
AFC-REC
SRH = State residual oil sales for heating purposes (STE-R-0-
SLS on STE-AFC-REC)
EF = An industrial employment fraction determined as follows:
B-120
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE
DATE 10/16/79
SHE
SME+SCE
where:
SME = Total state manufacturing employment CSTE-TOT-MFG-
EMP on STE-AFC-REC)
SCE = Total state commercial employment CSTE-TOT-COM<-EMP on
STE-AFC-REC)
2) A normalized estimate of County Industrial Distillate Oil
gal./yr/) Consumption £NCD) is computed using the formula:
NCD =
(CIF2 * 42)
1 ft
_
*
SID
• n
C (GIF. * 42)
where:
where:
CIF_ = Estimated county distillate oil consumption by
industrial sources )computed with formula given below
in Section IX. 5.)
n = Number of counties in state
SID = Reported state industrial area source distillate oil
consumption [computed below)
SID = TSD - SPD
IF SID < 0, SID = 0
SPD = State industrial point source distillate oil consumption
DO-I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
TSD = Total state industrial distillate oil consumption (com-
puted below)
r
TSD = EF * (42*SDH)-SDR
•M ^
-1
+ 42*(SDI+SDO)
L
J
B-121
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 44
DATE 10/16/79
where:
EF = An industrial employment fraction (determined as
described in Section IX. 1. above)
SDH = State distillate oil sales for heating purposes (sum
of following three fields on STE-AFC-REC: DO-NO-1,
DO-NO-2 and DO-NO-4) __
n
SDR = State residential distillate oil consumption
RDO
c=l
10,
where RDO is county residential distillate oil consump-
tion as computed in Section VIII. 4. above)
SDI = State distillate oil sales to industry (DIST-O-S on
STE-AFC-REC)
SDO = State distillate oil sales to oil companies (OCU-DIST
on STE-AFC-REC)
3) A normalized estimate of County Industrial Natural Gas (Ij07 ft?/yr.!
Consumption (NCG) is computed using the formula:
NCG =
(10 * CIF3) *
SIG
n
n
0=1
GIF
3,c
where:
CIF.. = Estimated county natural gas consumption by industrial
sources computed with formula given below in Section
IX. 5.)
n = Number of counties in state
SIG = Reported state industrial area source natural gas
consumption (computed below)
SIG = (TSG-5PG) + cf (TSL-SPL)
IF TSG-SPG < 0, then TSG-SPG = 0
IF TSL-SPL < 0, then TSL-SPL t 0
in above calculation
B-122
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 45
DATE 10/16/79
where:
TSG = Total state industrial natural gas consumption
(N-G-IND on STE-AFC-REC)
SPG = State industrial point source natural gas consumption
(NG-I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
cf = 0.000922, the factor used to convert killogallons of
LPG to its natural gas equivalent in 108 cu. ft.
TSL = Total state sales of LPG to industry (LPG-IND on
STE-AFC-REC)
SPL - State industrial point source LPG consumption (LPG-
I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
4) A normalized estimate of County Industrial Bituminous Coal
(101 tons/yr.) Consumption (NC3) is computed using the formula:
NCB = (10 * CIF4) *
where:
where:
GIF. = Estimated county bituminous consumption by industrial
sources (computed with formula given below in Section
IX. 5.)
n = Number of counties in state
SIB = Reported state industrial area source bituminous con-
sumption (computed below)
SIB = 10 * (TSB-SPB)
IF SIB < 0, SIB = 0
TSB = Published total of bituminous shipments to state
for industrial consumption (I-U-TOT on STE-AFC-REC)
SPB = State industrial point source bituminous consumption
(BC-I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 46
DATE 3/02/79
5) Estimates of County Industrial fuel consumption (CIF1
through GIF.) are derived with the following formula:
GIF.
' I
CAE. * FIR..
where:
GIF.
CAE.
= Estimated county industrial area source consumption of
fuel type i (i=l for residual oil; i=2 for distillate
oil; i=3 for natural gas; i=4 for bituminous coal)
= County area source employment for SIC- where j=l-20
for SIC codes 20-39 (CAE. is determined with an
equation given below) ^
= Fuel intensity ratio, a measure of fuel use intensity
per employee, for fuel type i by SIC category j
(computed with another formula given below)
CAE. is determined as follows:
CAE . = TCE. - CPE.
where:
TCE. = Total employment in county for SIC category j (one of
first twenty data items within CNTY-EMPLOYMENT field
of CNTY-AFC-REC depending on value of j)
CPE. = Point Source employment in county for SIC category j
(one of twenty data items within CNTY-I-P-S-EMP field
of CNTY-AFC-REC depending on value of j)
FIRij is comPuted with the following formula:
FIR.. =
1H
F. .
n
E.
B-124
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION s PAGE: 47
DATE 3/02/79
where:
F. .
13
E.
= State consumption of fuel type i by SIC category j
(one of twenty data items within the STE-IND-R-O-CONS
field of STE-AFC-REC for F,. depending on the value of
j ; one of twenty data it ems-'within the STE-IND-D-0-
CONS field for F_ j depending on the value of j; one
of twenty data items within the STE-IND-N-G-CONS field
for F ., one of twenty data items within the STE-IND-
C-CONS11 field for F4 . .
Total employment in state for SIC category j in year of
most recent Census of Manufacturers Cone of twenty data
items .within the STE-CBP-EMP-TOTS field of STE-AFC-REC
depending on value of j)
NOTE: If input data is not available to compute state fuel intensity
ratios, then NFR. . is substituted for FIR."! in the formula
used to compute Estimates of county industrial fuel con-
sumption (GIF, through GIF.). In this case the formula used is
GIF. =
I
CAE. * NFR..
Where NFR.. is a national fuel intensity ratio for fuel
type i by SIC category j, computed with the formula:
where:
NF.. = National consumption of fuel type i by SIC category j
13 (one of twenty data items within the NTL-IND-R-OIL-
CONS field of NTL-AFC-REC for NF-j. depending on the
value of j; one of twenty data items within the NTL-
D-OIL-CONS field for NF_.) depending on the value of j;
one of twenty data items3within the NTL-IND-NAT-GS-CONS
field for NF-, j : one of twenty data items within the NTL-
IND-CL-CONS field for NF4J)
NE . = Total emDloyment in nation for SIC category j in year of most
3 recent Census of Manufactures (one of twenty data itans within
the NTL-GBP-EMP-TOTS field of NTL-AFC-REC depending on value of j)
B-125
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
6 BAffe 48
SECTION D PAGE
DATE 3/02/79
X. Fuel Consumption by Commercial and Institutional Sources
(5 estimates)
County fuel consumption by commercial sources is calculated
separately for five different fuel types:
1) A normalized estimate of Total County Commercial Natural
Gas consumption (CTG) is computed using the formula:
CTG = CNG + (0.,00922*CLG)
where :
CNG = A normalized estimate of county commercial natural
gas consumption (computed with formula below)
CLG = A normalized estimate of county commercial LPG con-
sumption (computed with formula below)
JZL.0092 is the factor used to convert killogallons of LPG to
its natural gas equivalent in 10^ cu. ft.
(A) A normalized estimate of County Commercial Natural
Gas Consumption (CNG) is produced by execution of the
following formulas:
CNG = (nx * f1 * T ) + FO
where :
n, = A normalization factor for consumption of natural gas
by the five "special" commercial categories: hotels,
hospitals, laundries, schools, and universities
(determined as described below)
f^ = 9.69 x 10 ; the factor used to convert fuel consumption
from therms to its natural gas equivalent in 10 cu. ft.
T^ = Estimated, county natural gas consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed by
formula given in Section X. 6. below)
FC^ = County natural gas consumption by all other commercial
categories (computed below)
FO = qFO * I
i s-cvj-i i
1 1 V
)
/ B-126
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE^99
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 49
DATE 10/16/79
where:
SFO.. = State natural gas consumption by "other" commercial
categories (determined as described below)
COE= County employment for "other" commercial categories
(CBP-SIC-OTHR on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SOE = State employment for "other" commercial categories
(OTHR-COML-EMP on STE-AFC-REC)
The variables SFO, and n,, used in equations above, are determined
as follows:
If X, > F.J, then SFO, = X, - F, and n, _ ,
If Xl < FI, then SF0l - 0 and n, =
X1 < ?• N> =
where :
Xn = Published state total commercial area source con-
sumption of natural gas (computed by formula given
below)
? = Estimated state total natural gas consumption by the
five "special" categories (computed by formula given
below)
The formula used to compute X, is:
Xl = (G1 + G2> * GP
where:
G, = Statewide consumption of natural gas for commercial
use (N-G-COML on STE-AFC-REC)
G- = Other gas sales in state (N-G-OTHR on STE-AFC-REC)
G = State point source natural gas consumption by commercial
p sources(NG-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
B-127
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE09 9
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6
DATE 3/02/79
50
The formula used to- compute F, is:
F, = f
where:
f1 = Factor to convert fuel consumption from therms to its
natural gas equivalent in 107"cu. ft. (9.69 x 10~6)
n = Number of counties in state (STE-NO-CNTYS on STE-AFC-RECl
T, = Estimated county natural gas consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed by
formula given in Section X. 6. below)
(B) A normalized estimate of County Commercial LPG Consump-
tion (CLG) is produced by execution of the following
formulas:
CLG = (n2 * f2 * T2) + F02
where:
n_ = A normalization factor for consumption of LPG by the
five "special" commercial categories (determined as
described below)
±2 = 1.05 x 10 ; the factor used to convert..fuel consumption
from therms to its LPG equivalent in 10 gal.
T2 = Estimated county LPG consumption by the five "special"
commercial categories in therms (computed by formula
given in Section X. 6. below)
F02 = County LPG consumption by all other commercial categories
(computed below)
* (if)
B-128
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTIONj? PAGE 51
DATE 10/16/79
where:
SFO- = State LPG consumption by "other" commercial categories
(determined as described below)
COE = County employment for "other" commercial categories
(CBP-SIC-OTHR on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SOE = State employment for "other" commercial categories
(OTHR-COML-EMP on STE-AFC-REC)
The variables SFO- and n^, used in equations above, are determined
as follows:
If X2 > F2, then SF02 = X2 - F2, and n2 = 1
T. v ^ _ _ „„ - . X2 (IF Xo <#, N7 = 0)
If X2< F2/ then SF02 = 0, and n2 = F'" " > 2 *'
where:
X- = State total commercial area source consumption of LPG
(computed by formula given below)
F_ = Estimated state total LPG consumption by the five
"special" categories (computed by formula given below)
The formula used to compute X2 is:
X2 = L ~ ( I
n
-P + £ ECL=
c=l
where:
L = Statewide retail sales of LPG (LPG-RET on STE-AFC-REC)
L = State point source LPG consumption by commercial sources
P (LPG-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
n = Number of counties in state
ECL = Estimated county LPG consumption by residential sources
(as computed by formula given in Section VIII. 1. B.
above)
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION !_ PAGE
DATE.
3/02/79
The formula used to compute F_ is:
n
F = f * ( S~ T I
F2 r2 V Z. I2,c)
c=l
where:
f = Factor to convert fuel consumption from therms to its
LPG equivalent in 103 gal. (.1.05 x 10-3)
n = Number of counties in state
T_ = Estimated county LPG consumption by the five "special"
commercial categories in therms (.computed by formula
given in Section X. 6. below)
2) A normalized estimate of County Commercial Anthracite
Consumption (CTA) is computed using the formula:
CTA = (n3 * f3 * T31 + F03
where:
n., = A normalization factor for consumption of anthracite
coal by the five "special" commercial categories
(determined as described below)
f., = 4.07 x 10~4 ; the factor used to convert fuel consumption
from therms to its anthracite equivalent in 101 tons
T3 = Estimated county anthracite consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed by
formula given in Section X. 6. below)
F03 = County anthracite consumption by all other commercial
categories (computed below)
FCu = SFO,
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
6 BAPC 53
SECTION b PAGE
DATE 10/16/79
where:
SF03 = State anthracite consumption by "other" commercial
categories (determined as described below)
COE = County employment for "other" commercial categories
SOE = State employment for "other" commercial categories
The variables SFO, and n,, used in equations above are determined
as follows:
If X3 > F3, then SF03 = X3 - F3, and n3 = 1
X
If X^ < F , then SFO, = 0, and n^ = =r- ^IF X3 < 0S N3 = ®>
j -^— j j j IT _
where:
X, = State total commercial area source consumption of
anthracite (computed by formula given below)
F., = Estimated state-total anthracite consumption by the
five "special" categories (computed by formula given
below)
The formula used to compute X3 is:
x3 =( A"Ap)-(z:
c=l
where:
A = Shipments of anthracite coal to the state (STE-ANTH-
SHPMNTS on STE-AFC-REC)
A = State point source anthracite consumption by all sources
P (STE-ANTH-CONS on STE-AFC-REC)
n = Number of counties in state
CRA = Normalized county anthracite consumption by residential
sources (as computed by the formula given in Section
VIII. 3. ar>ove)~
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION^ PAGE54_
DATE 3/02/79
The formula used to compute F, is;
n
F = f
F3 r
c=l
where:
f = Factor to convert fuel consumption from therms to its
anthracite equivalent in 10 tons (4.07 x 10~4)
n = Number of counties in state
T-j = Estimated county anthracite consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed
by formula given in Section X. 6. below)
3) A normalized estimate of County Commercial Bituminous
Coal Consumption (CTB) is computed using the formula:
CTB = (n4 * f4 * T4) + F04
where:
n. = A normalization factor for consumption of bituminous
coal by the five "special" commercial categories
(determined as described below)
f. = 3.85 x 10~4; the factor used to convert fuel consumption
from therms to its bituminous equivalent in 10 tons
T. - Estimated county bituminous consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed
by formula given in Section X. 6. below)
FO^ = County bituminous consumption by all other commercial
categories (computed below)
F04 = SF04 *
B-132
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6_PAGE_=:
DATE 10/16/79
where:
SFO, = State bituminous consumption by "other" commercial
categories (.determined as described below)
COE = County employment for "other" commercial categories
SOE = State employment for "other" commercial categories
The variables SFO. and n. used in equations above, are determined
as follows:
If X. >F., then SFO. = X. - F. , and n. = 1
4 ^ 4 4 4 4 4
X
If X < F , then SFO. = 0, and n. = ~- [IF X4 C °' N4 =
^ _ 4 4 4
where:
X4 = State total commercial area source consumption of
bituminous (computed by formula given below)
F. = Estimated state total bituminous consumption by the
five "special" categories (computed by formula given
below)
The formula used to compute X. is:
X4 =
* (B-B )
P
CRB
where:
B = Shipments of bituminous coal to retail dealers in the
state (R-U-TOT on STE-AFC-REC)
B = State point source bituminous consumption by commercial
P sources (BC-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
n = Number of counties in state
CRB = Normalized county bituminous consumption by residential
sources (as computed by the formula given in Section
VIII. 2. above)
The formula used to compute F. is:
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION J? PAGfclL
DATE 3/02/79
. n
*( y T ^
\ ^ 4,c;
F, = f,
4 4
\
c=l
where:
f. = Factor to convert fuel consumption from therms to
its bituminous equivalent in 10^ tons C3.85 x 1J3~4)
n = Number of counties in state
T. = Estimated county bituminous consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed
by the formula given in Section X. 6. below)
4) A normalized estimate of County Commercial Residual
Oil Consumption (CTR) is computed using the formula:
CTR = (n5 * f5 * T5) + F05
where:
n^ = A normalization factor for consumption of residual oil
by the five "special" commercial categories (determined
as described below)
f5 r 6.67 x 10~ ; the factor used to convert fuel consumption
from therms to its residual oil equivalent in 104 gal.
T5 = Estimated county residual oil consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed by
the formula given in Section X. 6. bexow)
F05 = County residual oil consumption by all other commercial
categories (computed below)
*/COE\
VSOE'
where:
SF05 = State residual oil consumption by "other" commercial
categories (determined as described below)
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DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTIONj^ PAGE57
DATE 10/16/79
COE = County employment for "other" commercial categories
SOE = State employment for "other" commercial categories
The variables SFOg and ng, used in equations above, are determined
as follows:
If X5 >F5, then SFCv = Xg - F , and n- = 1
X-
If X, < F , then SFO = 0, and n_ = =^ (-IF X5 < 0, Nq = 0)
J .^_ J j D .C £- ^ 3
where:
X- = State total commercial area source consumption of residual
oil (computed by formula given below)
F_ = Estimated state total residual oil consumption by the
five "special" categories (computed by formula given
below)
The formula used to compute X- is:
Xc = [42 * (CEF*SRHJ1 + (42*SRM) - R
D J p
10
where:
R = State point source residual oil consumption by commercial
P sources(RO-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
SRM = State residual oil sales to the military (MLT-RESID on
STE-AFC-REC)
SRH = State residual oil sales for heating purposes (STE-R-
0-SLS on STE-AFC-REC)
CEF is a commercial employment fraction determined as follows:
CEF = SCE
SME+SCE
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 5S
DATE 3/02/79
where:
SCE = Total state commercial employment (STE-TOT-COM-EMP on
STE-AFC-REC)
SME = Total state manufacturing employment (STE-TOT-MFG-EMP
on STE-AFC-REC)
The formula used to compute F^ is:
n
F5 - f5 *(
c=l
where:
f = Factor to convert fuel consumption from therms to its
5 residual oil equivalent in 10* gal. (6.67 x 1CT5)
n = Number of counties in state
T5 = Estimated county residual oil consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed by
the formula given in Section X. 6. below)
5) A normalized estimate of County Commercial Distillate Oil
consumption (CTD) is computed using the formula:
CTD =
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE59^
DATE 10/16/79
= SFO
*
6 6 \ SOE
where:
SFO,- = State distillate oil consumption by "other" commercial
categories (determined as described below)
COE = County employment for "other" commercial categories
SOE = State employment for "other" commercial categories
The variables SFOg and nfi, used in equations above, are determined
as follows:
If X, > F,, then SFOC = X, - F,, and nfi = 1
66 666 o
If X^ < F,, then SFOC = 0 and n, = =4 ^IF X6 * *' N6 = ^
6 — 6 6 6 r g
where:
Xfi = State total commercial area source consumption of
distillate oil (computed by formula given below)
F, = Estimated state total distillate oil consumption by the
five "special" categories (computed by formula given
below)
The formula used to compute Xg is:
X, = CEF
fa
(SDK*4.2) - ( EDO ) + (SDM*4.2) -
C
c=l 10
where:
D = State point source distillate oil consumption by
p commercial sources. (DO-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
RDO = Estimated county distillate oil consumption by residential
sources (as computed by the formula given in Section
VIII. 4. above)
n = Number of counties in state
SDM = State distillate oil sales to the military (MLT-DIST
on STE-AFC-REC}
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DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE09 9
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 60_
DATE 3/02/79
SDH = State distillate oil sales for heating ourposes
(sum of following three data items on STE-AFC-REC:
DO-NO-1, DO-NO-2, and DO-NO-4)
CEF is a commercial employment fraction determined as follows
SCE
CEF =
SME+SCE
where:
SCE = Total state commercial employment
SME = Total state manufacturing employment
The formula used to compute Fg is:
n
*(z vJ
F = f
6 6 \ S- -e,c
c=l
where:
ffi = Factor to convert fuel consumption from therms to its
distillate oil equivalent in 104 gal. (7.14 x 10~5)
n = Number of counties in state
T, = Estimated county distillate oil consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories in therms (computed by
the formula given below)
6) The variables T., through Tfi (used in the formulas given
in Sections X. I. through X. 5. above) are calculated by
distributing total county fuel consumption by the five
"special" commercial categories among six different fuel
types. This distribution is made according to the resi-
dential fuel use pattern of each county. Formulas for
accomplishing this distribution are as follows:
B-138
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6
DATE 3/02/79
where:
T, = Estimated county natural gas consumption by the "special"
commercial categories
TSC = Total county fuel consumption by "special" commercial
categories (computed with formula given in Section
X. 7. below)
UGH = Number of gas-heated dwelling units in county in most
recent census year CSH-GAS-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
TUH = Total number of dwelling units in county heated by fuel
types whose statewide commercial area source consumption
(computed as X, through X_ in sections 1-5 above) are
greater than zero.
The formula for computing TUH is:
TUH = UG + UL + UC + UO
where UG, UL, UC, and UO are determined as follows:
UG: If Xx> 0, then UG = UGH
v If Xx< 0, then UG = 0
where:
X, = State total commercial area source consumption of natural
gas (as computed in Section X. 1. A. above)
UGH = Number of gas-heated dwelling units in county in census
year
UL: If X2 > 0, then UL = ULH
If X2 < 0, then UL = 0
where:
X_ = State total commercial area source consumption of LPG
(as computed in Section X. 1. B. above)
ULH = Number of LPG-heated dwelling units in county in census
year
B-139
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 RAGE 62
DATE 3/02/79
UC: If (X3 + X4) > 0, then UC = UCH
If (X3 + X4) < JS, then UC = 0
where :
X, = State total commercial area source consumption of anthra
cite Cas computed in Section X. 2. above)
X. = State total commercial area source consumption of
bituminous Gas computed in Section X. 3. above)
UCH = Number of coal-heated dwelling units in county in
census year
DO: If (X5 + Xg) > 0, then UO = UOH
If (X- + X.) < 0, then UO =
—
where :
Xj- = State total commercial area source consumption of
residual oil (as computed in Section X. 4. above)
Xg = State total commercial area source consumption of distillate
oil (as computed in Section X. 5. above)
UOH = Number of oil-heated dwelling units in county in census
year
NOTE: If X-^ is not greater than zero, then T, is not computed but
is assumed to equal zero.
T =
T
where:
= Estimated county LPG consumption by the "special" commercial
categories
B-140
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION JLPAGEJ5.!
DATE 3/02/79
TSC = Total county fuel consumption by "special" commercial
categories (.computed with formula given in Section
X. 7. below)
ULH = Number of LPG-heated dwelling units in county in
most recent census year (SH-LPG-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
TUH is computed as described in Section X. 6. A. above
NOTE: If X_ is not greater than zero, then T_ is not computed but
is assumed to equal zero.
T3 - TCC
3 4
where:
T_ = Estimated county anthracite consumption by the "special"
commercial categories
X_ and X. are state totals as described in Section X. 6. A.
above
TCC = Estimated county total coal consumption by "special"
commercial categories, computed as follows:
* -
TUH
where :
TSC = Total county fuel consumption by "special" commercial
categories (computed with formula given in Section X.
7. below)
UCH = Number of coal-heated dwelling units in county in most
recent census year (SH-COAL-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
TUH is computed as described in Section X. 6. A. above
NOTE: If the sum of X3 knd'X. is not greater than zero, then TCC
is not commuted but is assumed to equal zero.
ID) T = TCC
B-141
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 64
DATE 3/02/79
where: .
T = Estimated county bituminous consumption by the special
commercial categories
X, and X. are state totals as described in Section X. 6. A.
Dove
4
TCC = Estimated county total coal consumption by "special"
commercial categories (computed in Section X. 6. C.
above)
(E) T = TOG *
•5
where
T- = Estimated county residual oil consumption by the "special"
commercial categories
X,. and -X,. are state totals as described in Section X. 6. A.
j D
above
TOC = Estimated county total oil consumption by "special"
commercial categories, computed as follows-:
mf-v/- _ rricp *
TOC ibC
where:
TSC = Total county fuel consumption by "special" commercial
categories (.computed with formula given in Section
X. 7. below)
UOH = Number of oil-heated dwelling units in county in
most recent census year CSH-OIL-HT on CNTY-AFC-REC)
TUH is computed as described in Section X. 6. A. above
NOTE: If the sum of X5 and Xg is not greater than zero, then
TOC is not computed but is assumed to equal zero.
= TOC
B-142
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE
DATE 3/02/79
where:
Tg = Estimated county distillate oil consumption by the
"special" commercial categories
X,- and Xc are state totals as described in Section X. 6. A.
J 0
above
TOC = Estimated county total oil consumption by "special"
commercial categories (computed in Section X. 6. E.
above)
7) Total county fuel consumption in therms by the five
"special" commercial categories (TSC) is computed as
follows:
TSC = CHP + CH + CS + CU + CL
where:
CHP = Total fuel in therms consumed in county by hospitals
(computed with formula given below)
CH = Total fuel in therms consumed in county by hotels (com-
puted with formula given below)
CS = Total fuel in therms consumed in county by schools
(computed with formula given below)
CU = Total fuel in therms consumed in county by universities
(computed with formula given below)
CL = Total fuel in therms consumed in county by laundries
(computed with formula given below)
(A) Hospitals:
CHP = (126.5*BD)+(12.7*DD)+C77.4*HPE)-(5.72xl04)
where:
BD = Number of hospital beds in county (CNTY-NO-HOSP-BDS on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
DD = Annual heating degree days in county (CNTY-DEG-DAYS on
CNTY-AFC-REC)
B-143
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE. 66
DATE 3/02/79
—
HPE = Total hospital employment in county (CNTY-NO-HOSP-EMP
on CNTY-AFC-REC)
, (B) Hotels:
CH= 8
R£+2.84 CR-I
where :
DD = Annual heating degree days in county
R = Number of hotel rooms in county (computed below)
Rfis determined as follows:
If R> 100, then Rf = 100
If R< 100, then Rf = R
The formula for computing R is:
CHE
IP -
R ~
"SR"
where :
CHE = County hotel employment CCBP-SIC-7010 on CNTY-AFC-REC)
SR = Hotel employees per room ratio for the state (STE-HTL-
EMP on STE-AFC-REC)
(C) Schools:
CS =
(4.10*DD)-U.81xl0}
where :
DD = Annual heating degree days in county
SE
CT7C
SE = * CSE
County school employment cpmputed as follows
CT7C
B-144
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 67
DATE 3/02/79
where :
CSE = County school enrollment (CNTY-SCH-ENRL on CNTY-AFC-
REC)
SSE = State school enrollment (STE-SCH-ENRL on STE-AFC-REC)
SES = State school employment (sum of two fields on STE-
AFC-REC: PRV-SCH and STE-NO-P-S-EMP)
(D) Universities:
CU = (229*UE) + (51.5*DD)-(2.94*1J35)
where :
DD = Annual heating degree days in county
UE = County university employment computed as follows :
UE = CUE * NER
where :
CUE = County university enrollment in both public and orivate
institutions (CNTY-UNIV-ENRL on CNTY-AFC-REC)
NER = National ratio of university employees to enrollees
(NTL-UNIV-RATIO on NTL-AFC-REC)
(E) Laundries:
CL = (531*LE)-(1.28*1,04)
where:
LE = County employment in laundries (CBP-SIC-LNDRS on CNTY-
AFC-REC)
XI. Sulfur and Ash Content of Coal (4 estimates)
Two different methods are used for estimating sulfur and ash
content of bituminous coal and anthracite coal used by area sources
in each county.
Because there is only one anthracite-producing region in the
country, one value each for sulfur content and ash content is used
for all counties:
B-145
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 68
DATE 3/02/79
1) Sulfur Content of Anthracite Coal for each county (AS)
is not computed by program NE099; a national value
input to the program is used without any alterations:
AS = NIV
where:
NIV = National input value for sulfur content of anthracite
(NTL-PCT-SULF on NTL-AFC-KEC)
2) Ash Content of Anthracite Coal for each county (AA) is
not computed? an input national value is used:
AA = NAV
where:
NAV = National input value for ash content of anthracite
(NTL-PCT-ASH on NTL-AFC-REC)
Sulfur and ash contents of bituminous coal used by county
area sources are computed as follows:
3) Sulfur Content of Bituminous Coal for each county (BS)
is computed using the formula:
BS= fsSR* (CRB+CTBJ? + CSSI*NC3) (See note below. )
CRB+CTB+NCB
where:
SSR = Sulfur content (%) of bituminous coal shipped to the
state for retail area source users (computed with a
formula given below)
SSI = Sulfur content (%} of bituminous coal shipped to the
state for industrial area source users (computed with
a formula in Section XI. 3. B. below)
CRB = Normalized county consumption of bituminous by residential
_area sources (as computed by formula given above in
Section VIII. 2.)
CTB = Normalized county consumption of bituminous by commercial
area sources (as computed by formula given above in
Section X. 3.)
NCB = Normalized county consumption of bituminous by industrial
area sources (as computed by formula given above in
Section IX. 4.)
NOTE: If the result produced by this calculation exceeds
7%, set BS = 7%.
B-146
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE09 9
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6. PAGE 69
DATE 3/02/79
Average sulfur contents of bituminous shipped to the state
for retail users (SSR) and for industrial users (SSI) are computed
with the following formulas:
20
(A) Retail Users NOTE: If BPC>
Retail Users
20
SSR =
NSd*SRBd
- EPS
d=l
20
- BPC
d=l
where
If BPS>-
d=l
20
d=l
SRB,, OR
d —
NS, * SRB,,
d d
substitute the following equation for
the one given to the left:
NS , * SRB
d
SSR =
20
ZZ SRB,
<3=1 d
NS, = Average sulfur content (%) of bituminous shipped from
production district/district grouping d for use by retail
and industrial sources (computed with formula given below)
SRB, = Bituminous shipments to state from production district/
district grouping d for retail use (one of last twenty
data items within STE-R-U-SHPMNTS field of STE-AFC-
REC depending on value of d)
BPS = Weight of sulfur in bituminous coal consumed in state
by commercial point sources (SULF-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
BPC = Bituminous coal consumed in the state by commercial
point sources (BC-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
oin .
tr-L /
production district
production district #2
grouping of district #3 and #6
production district
production district
#4
#7
d = 1 for
2 for
3 for
4 for
5 for
6- for
7 for
8 for
9 for
10 for
11 for
12 for production district #14
#8
#9
production district
production district
production district
production district #11
production district #12
production district #13
B-147
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION_6 PAGE_70_
DATE T/D2/79
13 for production district #15
14 for production district #16
15 for production district #17
16 for production district #18
17 for production district #19
18 for production district #20
19 for production district #21
20 for grouping of districts #22 and #23
The formula used to compute NS, is:
NS, = (IBS *ISC) + (OBS *OSC,)
u d u d u
IBS, + OBS,
d d
where:
d = 1-20 excluding 3 and 2j?
IBS-, = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
d to "Other Industrial and Retail Users" (one of
eighteen selected data items within the NTL-I-R-
U-BIT-SHP field of NTL-AFC-REC depending on value
of d)
ISC, = Sulfur content of bituminous from production district
d shipped to "Other Industrial and Retail Users (one
of eighteen selected data items within the NTL-I-R-
AVG-SUL field of NTL-AFC-REC depending on value of d)
= Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
d to "All Other Users" (one of eighteen selected data
items within the NTL-A-0-U-BIT-SHP field of NTL-AFC-
REC depending on value of d)
= Sulfur Content of bituminous from production district
d shipped to "All Other Users" (one of eighteen se-
. lected data items within the NTL-AVG-SUL-A-O-U field
of NTL-AFC-REC depending on value of d)
For combined district groupings (d=3 or d=20) comprised of districts
j and k, the formula is:
NSd = (IBSj*ISCj)+(IBSk*ISCk)+(OBSj*OSC.)+(OBSk*OSCk)
IBS . + IBS, + OBS . + OBS,
) •>*• J JC
B-148
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION^ PAGE 71
DATE 3/02/79
where:
IBS. = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
J j to "Other Industrial and Retail Users" (if d=3,
IBS. is I-R-U-DIST3 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, IBS.
is I-R-U-DIST22 on NTL-AFC-REC) -1
= Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
k to "Other Industrial and Retail Users" (if d=3.,
IBS, is I-R-U-DIST6 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, IBS, is
I-R-U-DIST23 on NTL-AFC-REC)
= Sulfur content of bituminous from production district
j shipped to "Other Industrial and Retail Users" (if
d=3, ISC. is I-R-DIST3 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, ISC.
is I-R-DIST22 on NTL-AFC-REC) J
ISC.
ISC, = Sulfur content of bituminous from production district
k shipped to "Other Industrial and Retail Users"
(if d=3, ISC, is I-R-DIST6 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=2j2f, ISC,
is I-R-DIST23 on NTL-AFC-REC)
DBS. = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
D j to "All Other Users" (if d=3", OBS^ is BIT-SHP-DIST3
on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, OBS. is BIT-SHP-DIST22 on
NTL-AFC-REC) -1
OBS, = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
* k to "All Other Users" (if d=3, OBS, is BIT-SHP-DIST6
on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, OBSk is BIT-SHP-DIST23 on
NTL-AFC-REC)
OSC. = Sulfur content of bituminous from production district
D j shipped to "All Other Users" (if d=3, OSC. is A-
O-U-DIST3 on NTL-AFC-REC, if d=20, OSC. is A-O-U-
DIST22 on NTL-AFC-REC) '
OSC, = Sulfur content of bituminous from production district
k shipped to "All Other Users" (if d=3, OSCjc is A-O-U-
DIST6 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, OSC, is A-0-0-DIST23
on NTL-AFC-REC
<-B) Industrial Users
20
SSI = ( ^ OJ-°d'
Xf ^ k ^ *
a=i
substitute the following
for the one given to the
20
^T VTQ * QTT5
^^^ INo j O ±FI
ssi = a=i c
f*\c
\^x\
SIBd,
equation
left:
1
20
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
6 .,.-.. 72
SECTION
DATE 3/02/79
where:
NS, = Average sulfur content (%1 of bituminous shipped from
production district/district grouping d for use by
retail and industrial sources (as computed in Section
XI. 3. A, above)
SIB, = Bituminous shipments to state from production district/
district grouping d for industrial use (one of last
twenty data items within STE-I-U-SHPMNTS field of
STE-AFC-REC depending on value of d}
IPS = Weight of sulfur in bituminous coal consumed in state
by industrial point sources CSULF-I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
IPB = Bituminous coal consumed in the state by industrial
point sources (BC-I-C on STE-AFC-RECI
The equivalencies for the values of d (1-201. are given in Section
XI. 3. A. above
(4) Ash Content of Bituminous Coal for each county (BA)
is computed using the formula:
BA = fjASR* (CRB+CTBJI + (ASI*NCBI. (See note below.)
CRB + CTB -I- NCB
where;
ASR = Ash content (.%) of bituminous coal shipped to the
state for retail area source users (computed with a
formula given below )
ASI = Ash content (%) of bituminous coal shipped to the state
for industrial area source users (computed with a
formula given in Section XI. 4. B. below)
CRB = Normalized county consumption of bituminous by resi-
dential area sources (as computed by formula given in
.Section VIII. 2.)
CTB = Normalized county consumption of bituminous by commer-
cial area sources (as computed by formulas given in
Section X. 3.)
NOTE: If the result produced by this calculation exceeds 25%, set
BA = 25%.
B-150
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION,6, PAGE 73
DATE 3/02/79
NCB = Normalized county consumption of bituminous by
industrial area sources (as computed by formula
given in Section IX. 4.)
Average ash contents of bituminous shipped to the state for
retail users (ASR) and for industrial users (ASI) are computed
with the following formulas:
(A)
ASR
where:
Retail
20
-(z
d=l
Users
NA,*SRB,N) - BPA
d. d .)
f 2° SRBd\ - BPC
d=l
— 2Q —
NOTE: If BPC> J^. SRBd' —
d=l
20
If BPA>- SI NAd * SRBd'
d=l
substitute the following equation
for the one given to the left:
20
ASR = H NAd * SRBd
d=l
20
V-r SRB,
_f ± Q
— d=l ___
NA, = Average ash content (%) of bituminous shipped from
production district/district grouping d to all users
(one of eighteen selected data items within the NTL-
AVG-ASH-CONT field of NTL-AFC-REC depending on value
of d when d=l-2j3, excluding 3 and 20; when d=3 or
d=20, NA, is computed using the formula given below)
SRB, = Bituminous shipments to state from production
a district/district grouping d for retail use (one of
last twenty data items within STE-R-U-SHPMNTS field
of STE-AFC-REC depending on value of d)
BPA = Weight of ash in bituminous coal consumed in state by
commercial point sources (ASH-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
BPC = Bituminous coal consumed in the state by commercial
' point sources (BC-C-C on STE-AFC-REC)
The equivalencies for the values of d (1-20) are given in
Section XI 3. A. above
For combined district groupings (d=3 or d=20) comprised of
districts j and k, the formula used to compute NA, is:
B-151
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
SECTION: Detailed Program
Description
SECTION 6 PAGE 74
DATE 3/02/79
= [CIBS.+OBS.)*ACT]
IBS.+OBS.+IBSk+OBSk
where:
IBS. = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
3 j to "Other Industrial and Retail Users" (if d=3, IBS.
is I-R-U-DIST3 on NTL-AFC-REC, if d=20, IBS. is J
I-R-U-DIST22 on NTL-AFC-REC) •>
IBS, = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
k to "Other Industrial and Retail Users" (if d=3,
IBS, is I-R-U-DIST6 on NTL-AFC-REC, if d=20, IBS,
is I-R-U-DIST23 on NTL-AFC-REC)
OBS. = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
3 j to "All Other Users" (if d=3, OBS. is BIT-SHP-DIST3
on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, OBS. is BIT-SHP-DIST22 on
NTL-AFC-REC) D
OBS, = Shipments of bituminous coal from production district
k to "All Other Users" (if d=3, OBS. is BIT-SHP-DIST6
on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20, OBS, is BIT-SHP-DIST23 on
NTL-AFC-REC)
AC. = Ash content of coal shipped from production district j
3 (if d=3, AC. is A-A-C-DIST3 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20,
AC. is A-A-S-DIST22 on NTL-AFC-REC)
AC, = Ash content of coal shipped from production district k
(if d=3, AC, is A-A-C-DIST6 on NTL-AFC-REC; if d=20,
ACk is A-A-C-DIST23 on NTL-AFC-REC)
(B) Industrial Users
ASI =
20
NVSIBd
- IPA
d=l
20
z
d=l
- IPS
B-152
20
NOTE: If IPE>
If
d=l
20
d=l
NA, * SIB,,
d a
substitute the following equatio
for the one given to the left:
20
NA, * SIB,
d d
ASI = d=l
20
d=l
SIB.
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE099
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTION J5 PAGE 75
DATE 3/02/79
where:
NA, = Average ash content {.%) of bituminous shipped from
production district/district grouping d to all
users (one of eighteen selected data items within
the NTL-AVG-ASH-CONT field of NTL-AFC-REC depending
on value of d when d=l-20, excluding 3 and 20;
when d=3 or d=2]3, NA, is the percentage computed
by the formula given in Section XI. 4. A. above)
SIB, = Bituminous shipments to state from production district/
district grouping d for industrial use (one of last
twenty data items within STE-I-U-SHPMNTS field of
STE-AFC-REC depending on value of d)
IPA = Weight of ash in bituminous coal consumed in state by
industrial point sources (ASH-I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
IPB = Bituminous coal consumed in the state by industrial
point source (BC-I-C on STE-AFC-REC)
The equivalencies for the values of d (1-2J3) are given in
Section XI. 3. A. above
XII. Sulfur Content of Oil (2 estimates)
Determination of the sulfur contents of fuel oil requires a
systematic procedure that is complex and involves discretionary
judgement. (See Section 2. 1. 3 of AEROS, Volume IV). Sulfur
content of oil, therefore, is not computed by program NE.099. Values
determined by NADB are input to the program and used without any
alteration.
1) Sulfur Content of Residual Oil (RS) is an input county
value:
RS = CRS
where:
CRS = County input value for sulfur content of residual
oil (CNTY-PCT-SULF-RO on CNTY-AFC-REC)
2) Sulfur Content of Distillate Oil (DS) is an input county
value:
DS = CDS
B-153
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NEJ*9 9
Detailed Program
SECTION: Description
SECTIONJL_i>AGE_H
DATE 3/02/79
where:
CDS = County input value for sulfur content of distillate
oil (CNTY-PCT-SULF-DO on CNTY-AFC-REC)
B-154
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME:
SECTION: Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE
DATE
ABSTRACT
B-155
-------
AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE100
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION I PAGE 2
DATE
DESCRIPTIVE NAME: Statewide Correction Factor Application
RUN DESCRIPTION
NE100 applies correction factors to estimates computed
by program NE099 or to hand-coded data items on NEDS Area
Source Form Cards 1 through 5. The program is executed at
NADB ' s discretion during both annual and special statewide
AFCA system runs.
has up to three sources of input. A card-image
disk file containing NADB-requested corrections (NEDS-FCTRS)
and the tape file created by program NE099 (NEDS-ATRAN) are
input to every execution of the program. If corrections to
hand-coded data items are required, the NEDS Area Source data
base, NEDS-USER-AR, is input to NE1J30. File NEDS-FCTRS records
contain: the SAROAD codes for states whose data is to be
adjusted; card numbers and numeric codes indicating which data
items are to be adjusted;- and the adjustment factors to be
applied to these data items.
NE100 sorts NEDS-FCTRS records by state and card number
and computes adjusted estimates by matching specified correction
factors to data items on file NEDS-ATRAN or file NEDS-USER-AR.
Program output is an updated version of file NEDS-ATRAN which
contains four or five card-image records per SAROAD county
(five for states which have correction factors specified for
data items on NEDS Area Source Card 5 . )
B-156
-------
AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE10J?
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 RAGE
DATE
3/26/79
SYSTEM CHARTS
B-157
-------
D^^i-ti — -:—,"T' OM
Oi-w/ILil i n I i Jli
CGMPO;;E;;T ;;AXE: i\-Ei00
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION 2 -AGE 2
DAT £ 3/26/79
NADB*
NEDS-
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CARDS
B-158
DIAGNOSTICS
V
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N'JAL
VIEW,
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE
SECTION: SYSTEM CHARTS
SECTION? PAGE 3
DATE 3/26/79
HIERARCHY CHART
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Uocate System
B-159
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: -E1
SECTION: AEROS Abstract
SECTION 1 PAGE
DATE Mav, 1979
Descriptive Name: Merge Employment Totals Tapes
Run Description:
When NE0S6 runs have been successfully completed for all
9 census regions, the nine NEDS-CBP-A output tapes must be
merged to one tape.
During Census of Manufacturing years each run of NE086
will also create a NEDS-CBP-5 tape." These must also be
merged to one tape.
Output from the merge will be used as incut to p
NE087. '
B-160
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE1J28
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION
PAGE
DATE .May, 1979
Manufacturing Years
NE108
MERGE
EMPLOYMENT
TOTALS TAPES
B-161
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NE1J3S
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION 2 PAGE 2
DATE
1979
HIERARCHY CHARTS
NEDS Area Source Fuel
Consumption Update Svst.em
B-162
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NE111 NE111: Highway Vehicle Emission Factor February 1987
SYSTEM DESIGN Calculation System Section 1
DOCUMENTATION ABSTRACT Page 1
NE111 ABSTRACT
Component Name
NE111: NEDS Highway Vehicle Emission Factor Calculation Program.
Run Description
NE111 calculates county-specific highway vehicle emission factors to be
used in developing the NEDS area.source emissions inventory. The
methodologies used to calculate these emission factors are those of MOBILES,
the latest Mobile Source Emissions Model developed by the Office of Mobile
Sources (OMS).
NE111 consists of four distinct and separately executed modules, which
are executed on the NCC UNIVAC. The first constructs county-specific MOBILE3
input data sets, drawing data from several input files in the process. The
second runs each data set through the MOBILES model, calculating emission
factors for each county. The third summarizes the MOBILE3 emission factor
output. The fourth module reformats the MOBILES output to form NEDS emission
factor update transactions.
Output of NE111 consists of a tape file and a printer report. The tape
file contains the generated emission factor update transactions, and is fed
inco the next NEDS program. The printer report echoes the update transactions
in a more readable format, and presents diagnostics (if any) and summary
statistics.
B-163
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NE111
SYSTEM DESIGN
DOCUMENTATION
NE111: Highway Vehicle Emission Factor
Calculation System
SYSTEM CHARTS
February 1987
Section 2
Page 1
f LOCAL
/ TAMPERING
I RATES
\ (OPTIONAL)
d.IFORHlA-
•EC1FIC
1ISSION
LATES
/ M08ILE3 f ,
I IHPUT DATA / /
I STREAMS 1 1
\ SUBFILE \ \
1
HClllI
f HOBILE3 f / miU.ll / f M08ILE3 f f «0«II.E3 / /
INTUT DATA / / INPUT DATA / / I WOT DATA / 1 IKP1TT DATA / /
STRIAHS 1 1 STREAMS STR£A«S 1 1 STXEAMS 1 1
SUBrlLE \ \ SUBFILE \ V SUBFILE \ \ SUBFILE \ \
KE111B
f
HtlllS
1 !
HC111& HEL11B
BOBILE3 f
IHPUT DATA /
STREAMS 1
SUBFILE \
^ \
T
HEII1B
B-164
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: K!E260
SECTION: Abstract
SECTION ' PAGE J '
DATE 1 2 AUG
1- Component ,'iame: NE250, NEDS AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS REPORT PROGRAM
2 . Run Descriotion :
Program NE260 produces the NEDS Area Source Emissions Report
from data in the NEDS area source "user file", NADB*NEDS-USER-AR.
For each defined category of area source emissions (64 standard, 20
optional), the report gives the calculated emissions in tons per
year of five criteria pollutants (oarticulates, sulfur oxides,
nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide) and
the corresponding activity levels from which the emissions were
calculated. The report consists of six pages, each page presenting
the data for a group of related emission categories: total
calculated emissions, SIP estimated emissions, and comments on page
1; fuel consumption data for stationary sources on page 2; solid
waste disposal data on page 3; detailed motor vehicle data on page
4; transportation data (aircraft, vessels, vehicle summary) on page
5; and all other "miscellaneous" data on page 6. Each page
includes totals and subtotals of emissions and activity levels
where appropriate.
One or more select/control cards, coded by the program user,
ypecify the geographic area for which data are selected from the
,§'rea source user file, and the content of the printed report. Any
geographic area may be selected which is properly described by
state, county, and/or AQCR codes, as well as the entire United
w
'States. The report may include the data for each selected data
record or only the totals of all selected records and each of the
six pages of the report may be included or excluded.
3-165
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AEROSSOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: NT26C
SECTION: Svste- Charts
SECTION_2 PAGE
DATE Keren ^o, 1
AERO-AQCR
AERO-CTYCNTY
NEDS-USER-AR
CARD-READER
(CARD-FILE)
T
NE260
NEDS Area
Source Emis-
sions Report
Prosram
I
|
T
PRINTER
(PRKT-FILE)
i
VALID-
VEK-MS
NEB77A
Motor Vehicle
Calculation
(Routine
Note:
System Chart: NE260
Internal filenames are shown in parenthesis except where
thev are the same as external name.
B-166
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AEROS SOFTWARE
DOCUMENTATION
COMPONENT NAME: KE26?,
SECTION: System Charts
SECTION _J PAGE 2
DATE -3 August 1978
NE260
NEB77A
Hierarchv Chart: NE260
B-167
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-88-106
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Area Source Documentation for the 1985 National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program Inventory
6. REPORT DATE
December 1988
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Janice L. Demmy, Wienke M. Tax, and
Thomas E. Warn
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
CH-88-05
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Alliance Technologies Corporation
500 Eastowne Drive
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-4274, Tasks 2 and 23
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: 5/86 - 8/87
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES AEERL project officer is Lee Beck, Mail Drop 62. 919/541-0617.
16. ABSTRACT ,pne repOr|- provides, to states and other participants and users of the 1985
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Emissions Inventory, a
general understanding of the estimating procedures that will be used by NAPAP and
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to generate 1985 emis-
sions estimates for area source categories. General methodology and assumptions
are discussed as well as the original source of algorithms, activity levels, and emis-
sion factors. Emission estimates are updated annually by a series of computer pro-
grams which multiply each current area source activity level by an emission factor
that accounts for emissions removed by any control technology. County emissions
estimates are then summed to produce national emissions estimates. For this report
area sources are divided into stationary sources, mobile sources, solid waste dis-
posal, miscellaneous area sources, and additional area sources. Additional area
sources include categories for which methodologies have been developed to estimate
emissions for the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory that are not part of the current
National Emission Data System (N||DS) Area Source Categories. NEDS is a nation-
wide data base of estimated air pollutant emissions from point and area sources
developed by OAQPS.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Precipitation
(Meteorology)
Acidification
Emission
Assessments
Inventories
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Acid Rain
Area Sources
13B 15E
04B
07B,07C
14G
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
264
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
B-168
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