EPA 910/S-78-OSS8
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA 38101
Air
December 1978
Part 2
Carbon Monoxide Study
Boise, Idaho
November 25 -
December 22, 1977
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Publication No, EPA 910/9-78-055B
Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161
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EPA 910/9-78-055B
Part 2. BOISE CARBON MONOXIDE STUDY
NOVEMBER 26 - DECEMBER 22, 1977
PREPARED BY
C. B. Wilson and J.W. Schweiss
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
FOR
AIR PROGRAMS BRANCH
AIR AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DIVISION
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, REGION 10
1200 SIXTH AVENUE
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98101
DECEMBER 1978
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DISCLAIMER
This Report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10 and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
il
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PREFACE
Under the Clean Air Act of 1970 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
has established standards for carbon monoxide in air external to buildings
to which the public has access. In a number of cities, including Boise,
these standards have not yet been attained. Plans to achieve the stand-
ards are now required under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (PL
95-95). It is hoped that the material presented in this report will
assist in achieving progress towards attainment of the standards.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of members of the Idaho State
Department of Health and Welfare (IDHW), the Idaho Transportation Depart-
ment (ITD), and Ada Planning Association (APA), who gave freely of their
time and information for the planning and conduct of this study. Their
efforts contributed materially to this study,- though they are not, of
course, responsible for any errors herein. These people include: Richard
Johnson and Doss Terrel (IDHW), John Hamrick, Keith Longnecker, and Lee
Hatch (ITD); Eryin Olen, Jr. and Robert Minter, Jr. (APA). We especially
wish to thank the Idaho State Department of Health and Welfare for pro-
viding facilities to establish a field laboratory in Boise for use by the
EPA contractor.
Several firms and institutions permitted installation of equipment on
their premises and without their cooperation, portions of this study
could not have been conducted. Our sincere thanks go to St. Luke's Hos-
pital, Idan-Ha Hotel, Sexty's Jewelers, David's Fabrics, Singer's, Falk's
and Boise State University.
Finally, we express gratitude to many members of the EPA staff for guid-
ance, encouragement, and assistance.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION , 1
SUMMARY 3
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5
OUTDOOR SITES 9
Study Area Characteristics 9
Materials and Methods 13
Selection and Evaluation of Study 13
Site Selection 17
Sample Collection and Analysis 19
Quality Control 21
Results and Discussion 25
Magnitude and Spatial Distribution 25
Maximum Average 27
Second Highest Eight-Hour Averages 32
Comparisons of AM and PM Averages 34
Patterns of CO 36
Average of Eight-Hour Values 38
Maximum Day _ 38
Comparisons of Site 13 and Permanent Monitor 39
Correlations Between Sites on Same Corridor 40
Comparison of Sampling Results at Broadway/Warm Springs 41
State Site 42
Summary 45
Conclusions and Recommendations 4b
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd)
Page
INDOOR SITES 50
Method of Study 50
Site Selection 51
Sample Collection and Analysis 53
Results and Discussion , 54
Summary 59
Conclusions and Recommendations 59
PEDESTRIAN ROUTES 61
Method of Study 61
Results and Discussion 63
Recommendations 66
FIGURES 67
APPENDICES 93
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FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Sampling Locations 69
2 Characteristics of One-hour and Eight-Hour Averages at the
State Site 70
3 Time Distribution of Eight-Hour Averages Over 9.0 ppm During
November-December for 1975, 1976, and 1977 73
4 Characteristics of Weekday Carbon Monoxide Average Concentra-
tions for an 8-Hour Period at Each Site 74
5 Characteristics of Weekday Carbon Monoxide Average Concentra-
tions for the "AM" 4-Hour Period at Each Site 76
6 Characteristics of Weekday Carbon Monoxide Average Concentra-
tions for the "PM" 4-Hour Period at Each Site 78
7 Maximum 8-Hour Values for Entire Sampling Interval 80
8 Frequency of 8-Hour Values Greater than 9.0 PPM 81
9 Second-Highest 8-Hour Values for Entire Sampling Interval 83
10 Maximum 4-Hour AM Values for Entire Sampling Interval 84
11 Maximum 4-Hour PM Values for Entire Sampling Interval 85
12 Characteristics by Day of the Composite Range of Carbon
Monoxide Concentrations for All Sites During an 8-Hour Period .. 87
13 Characteristics by Day of the Composite Range of Carbon
Monoxide Concentrations for All Sites During the "AM" 4-Hour
Period 88
14 Characteristics by Day of the Composite Range of Carbon
Monoxide Concentrations for All Sites During the "PM"
4-Hour Period 89
15 Average of Each Site's 8-Hour Values for Entire Sampling
Interval 90
16 Day of Highest Average Over All Sites 91
17 Characteristics of Five Sites Having the Highest Frequency of
Occurrence as Daily Maximum 92
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Figure Page
18 -Locations of Indoor Sites and Adjacent Outdoor Sites 93
19 Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations at the
BIN1 Site 9.4
20 Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations at the
BIN2 Site 95
21 Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations at the
BIN5 Site 96
22 Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations at the
BIN6 Site 97
viii
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Study Area Characteristics 11
2 Meteorological Stability Summary 15
3 Number of Sample Sets with Deviations from Expected Strip
Chart Readings of Zero and 20.0 ppm CO Span Checks 23
4 Maximum Values from Forty Sites and the Permanent Monitor 28
5 Distribution of Maximum Values from Forty Sites in Boise 30
6 Sites with Maximum Eight-Hour Averages Nearly Equalling or
Exceeding that of the Permanent Monitor 33
7 Corridor Analysis 41
/
8 Comparative CO Concentrations at Site 2 42
9 Comparison of Maximum Study Site and State Eight-Hour
Averages 43
10 Regression Equations for State Site/Study Site Data 45
11 Indoor Site Characteristics 52
12 Range of Concentrations Observed at Boise Indoor Sites 55
13 Bag Sample Data for Site BIN3 and Site 11 57
14 Regression Equations for Pedestrian Data 64
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Abbreviations and Symbols
\
AM - The four-hour* interval from 10:00 a.m.* to 2:00 p.m.*
PM - The four-hour* interval from 2:00 p.m.* to 6:00 p.m.*
AVC - The eight-hour* average CO concentration for the 10:00 a.m.* to
6:00 p.m.* sample collected at an EPA special study site (average
calculated from AM and PM concentrations)
AVS - The eight-hour average from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. of continuous
non-dispersive infra-red measurements at the permanent monitor
ODD - The permanent monitor operated by the State at the Odd Fellows
Hall at *C(5l Ninth Street
n/o - north of as in "Ninth n/o Idaho"
w/o - west of as in "Idaho w/o Eighth"
Exceedence of Standard** - An eight-hour average CO concentration exceeding
9.0 ppm
Violation of Standard - The second eight-hour, non-overlapping, running
average in a year to exceed 9.0 ppm
* Plus or minus fifteen minutes.
** This report discusses only the standard for the eight-hour average
and does not discuss the standard for one-hour average CO concentra-
tions.
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INTRODUCTION
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, toxic gas that,
in most urban areas, results primarily from exhaust emissions of motor
vehicles. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO concen-
trations have been established by EPA.* Routine continuous monitoring to
determine compliance with these standards has been conducted in Boise
since July 1975.
At the carbon monoxide monitoring site in downtown Boise, which is opera-
ted by the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards are frequently violated. During 1976, on about 28%
of the days, the eight-hour standard (9.0 ppm) was exceeded; the second-
highest eight-hour average (18.3 ppm) was more than twice the standard.
However, very little information for downtown sites, other than at this
continuous monitor on Ninth Street between Idaho and Main, was available.
More information on the severity of the carbon monoxide problem and its
geographical extent was desired to (1) assist in selection of candidate
sites for additional routine monitoring and (2) aid determination of the
probable extent of higher CO levels represented by the existing site. To
address these needs, EPA engaged a contractor** to conduct a four-week
* Standards for CO which are not to be exceeded more than once per year
are 9.0 ppm (eight-hour average) and 35.0 ppm (one-hour average). See
42 FR 8186, Federal Register, April 30, 1971.
** Alsid, Snowden, and Associates, Bellevue, Washington
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study to collect data at about 33 sites simultaneously in the central busi-
ness district and near-by areas (40 sites altogether) during November-Decem-
ber 1977. Some data were also obtained at indoor locations and along pedes-
trian routes. Bag samples were obtained twice daily; each represented a
four-hour average. These were analyzed by an electrochemical method (Ecoly-
zer) for carbon monoxide.
This report (Part 2) documents the carbon monoxide data obtained during the
Boise study and discusses the results in detail. A summary report (Part 1)
has also been prepared which briefly summarizes the results and conclusions
of the investigation. All of the four-hour data for ambient sites operated
by EPA are also available on punched IBM cards from the regional office in
Seattle. The state monitoring data may be obtained from the Idaho Department
of Health and Welfare. Meteorological data were available only for sites
away from the downtown area. Observations from the Boise Air Terminal avail-
able from the National Weather Service were included in this analysis.
The most recently available traffic data were obtained from the Idaho Depart-
ment of Transportation; traffic counters were not operated at the temporary
monitoring sites, except in one instance where the EPA site coincided with a
site operated by the state highway department as part of a special state
study.*
* The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (IDHW) and the Idaho Trans-
portation Department (ITD) examined 46 sites primarily outside the cen-
tral business district during a 4-month study (three per week). The
results are available in a staff report, Boise Carbon Monoxide Study
Winter 1977 - Spring 1978, from IDHW, Division of Environment, Air Qual-
ity Bureau.
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SUMMARY
In 1977, a 20-day study involving forty outdoor sites, six indoor sites,
and two pedestrian walking routes was conducted in Boise, Idaho, during
November-December, the season when high carbon monoxide levels frequently
occur. The purpose of this study was to obtain additional data regarding
the magnitude of the carbon monoxide problem, its spatial extent, the
representativeness of the only permanent monitor in the central business
district and to assist in selection of candidate sites for routine moni-
toring. On each week-day, four-hour bag samples were collected from about
10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. (AM sample) and about 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. (PM
sample) at thirty-three of the outdoor sites and two of the indoor sites.
In addition, bag samples of air were collected on two pedestrian walking
routes over two to four hours during the AM and PM periods.
Data are summarized in bar charts of the measurement distribution for
each site and each day of the study period, in histogram-maps showing the
spatial distribution of carbon monoxide, and in tables. Results from the
study sites were compared in several ways with data from the permanent
monitor. Comparisons were also made between study sites along the same
corridor, between indoor sites and adjacent outdoor sites, and between
the two pedestrian routes. Eight-hour averages were compared with the
9.0 ppm standard.
The study results indicate that the carbon monoxide problem is widespread
and not restricted to the downtown commercial district. The magnitude of
the problem may be somewhat greater than shown by data from the permanent
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monitor. The permanent monitor was generally representative of the higher
but not the highest concentrations. Even higher concentrations and more
frequent exceedences of the standard may occur on Idaho and Main as well as
at a few other sites. Exceedences occurred at other locations and were more
than 1.5 to 3 times greater than at the permanent monitor when no exceeden-
ces were noted at the permanent monitor- Increases in carbon monoxide at
outdoor sites frequently coincided with increases at indoor sites. Pedes-
trians and some of the indoor population may be exposed to concentrations
above the standard.
Future monitoring should address the development of control strategies
(short-term) and then track progress towards achievement of the standards
(long-term). Planning for such studies should consider the need for related
data on traffic characteristics coupled with meteorological data.
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The major conclusions of a 20-day study conducted in Boise during about
10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on week-days of November-December 1977 are:
1. The magnitude of the carbon monoxide problem was somewhat greater than
indicated by the permanent monitor.
For nine study sites, (1,10A,11, 13, 17, 18, 20, 24, and 32) the
maximum eight-hour average (10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) exceeded the
highest observed at the permanent monitor during the study period
(13-7 ppm).
The highest eight-hour average (17.2 ppm) and most frequent exceed-
ences of the 9.0 ppm standard (70% of the days) were observed at
site 32 on Idaho Street west of Eighth Street which most often had
the highest eight-hour average of all sites (9 of the 20 days).
2. The spatial extent of the problem encompassed not only the downtown
commercial district but also locations along traffic corridors outside
the core area.
- When higher concentrations were observed in the core area, elevated
CO levels also occurred elsewhere.
Altogether about 70% of the study sites (28 out of 40) experienced
one or more days when the eight-hour average exceeded the 9.0 ppm
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eight-hour standard. (A total of nineteen sites experienced two or
more days).
3. The permanent monitor was generally representative of the higher concen-
trations but was not representative of the highest concentrations or
frequency of exceedences within the study area.
On every day but one, the eight-hour concentration at the state
site was exceeded by that at one or more study sites.
During the survey, the second-highest eight-hour average for
10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the state site (10.8 ppm) was nearly
equalled or exceeded at a total of fourteen sites including three
in the same block. At four sites (10A, 11, 17, and 32), concentra-
tions were more than 2 ppm greater.
On 95% of the study days (19 out of 20) the eight-hour standard was
exceeded at one or more sites. Exceedences at the state site oc-
curred on 47? (9 out of 19) of the sampled days.
Eight-hour concentrations above the standard were observed at other
locations and were more than three times greater than at the perma-
nent monitor when no exceedence was noted at the permanent monitor-
When concentrations exceeded the standard at the permanent monitor
they were also exceeded at a number of other locations.
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4. Changes in CO concentrations at outdoor sites frequently coincided with
changes in CO concentrations at indoor sites, but the relationship be-
tween indoor and outdoor values was not constant.
A
Concentrations were usually lower indoors than at the adjacent
outdoor site.
Indoors, the eight-hour average concentration of carbon monoxide
exceeded 9.0 ppm at times.
5. Pedestrians were exposed to eight-hour average CO concentrations exceed-
ing the standard at times.
For sampling periods between two to four hours, concentrations
ranged from 3-9 ppm to 14 ppm.
For nearly sequential sampling periods totalling seven or more
hours, averages were equal to or above 9.0 ppm on four days.
It is recommended that:
1. The carbon monoxide problem in Boise be considered a widespread problem.
2. Increased local source emissions be avoided in areas where violations
have been observed unless a reduction in the background concentrations
which is at least sufficient to offset the increase can be demonstrated.
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3. Concentrations at the permanent monitor above 9.0 ppm be considered as
indicative of concentrations equa ly high and very likely higher else-
where in the study area. (Note that concentrations at the permanent
monitor below 9.0 ppm do not mean that air quality standards are being
met throughout the study area at the same time.)
4. A site on Idaho Street (site 32 or 10A) be considered as a candidate
site to represent carbon monoxide concentrations in downtown Boise for
routine ambient air quality monitoring or for short-term monitoring
during the late fall and winter season (November-December).
5. Planning for future studies to aid development of control strategies and
track progress towards attainment of the standard should consider the
need for related data on traffic and meteorological characteristics.
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OUTDOOR SITES
The principal effort was directed towards the outdoor sampling sites.
Thirty-three outdoor sites were simultaneously sampled each day. Of these,
seven were moved at the end of two weeks, so that data from 40 sites total
(Figure 1 and Appendix A, Table 1) were obtained over the four-week period.
This section discusses the study area characteristics, the study methods,
and the results of this multi-site outdoor sampling for carbon monoxide.
STUDY AREA CHARACTERISTICS
Topography
Boise is situated in the Boise River valley, about 8 miles below the mouth
of a mountain canyon where the valley begins. The denser part of the city
covers a gentle alluvial slope about two miles in width which extends
southwest from the foothills of the Boise Mountains to the Boise River,
averaging about 2700 feet in elevation. Boise's location in a river valley
and its close proximity to the Boise Mountains, coupled with long periods of
relatively low wind speed make it an area susceptible to a high frequency of
inversions. This, together with the inefficiency of internal combustion
engines at higher elevations effectively illustrates the potential for
seasonally and persistently high carbon monoxide concentrations.
The general study area, which is nearly level, contains roughly 200 city
blocks within the general bounds of Washington Street, Avenue B, Myrtle
Street, and 26th Street, with a leg of Capitol Boulevard extending south to
College Street. About 50$ of the study sites were located in the central
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business core, consisting of 20-30 city blocks, with the balance of sites
spread throughout the rest of the study area (See Figure 1).
Land Use/Zoning
Table 1 shows that the preponderance of outdoor study sites, 85% of the
total, were in commercially-zoned areas which comprised about a third of the
total study area. This does not reflect an intent to concentrate sites in
the commercial area, but results from consideration of site selection factors
such as traffic volumes, which were relatively high in such commercial areas.
It should be noted that actual land use may differ from the particular zoning
classification since current zoning designations regulate only future land
uses and do not render void pre-existing ones.
Population
According to statistics in the City Center Report*, about 3100 persons pres-
ently reside in some 1900 dwelling units situated throughout the city center
planning area (CCA). The CCA is an area containing about 350 city blocks
which includes all but the northwest portion of the general study area exam-
ined here. The CCA's-resident population is most highly concentrated in the
northwestern and southwestern portions of the CCA, with a very small number
housed in the central business core.
* City Center Report; Recommended General Policies and Concepts for the
Improvement of Downtown Boise, prepared by City Center Steering Commit-
tee; Ada Planning Association; Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co.; and
Diversified Planning, Ltd; Boise, Idaho, December 1976. (p. 21)
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Table 1. Study Area Characteristics
Land Use/Zoning Designations % of Total Sites % of Total Acreage
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Institutional
Other^
85.0
10.0
2.5
2.5
0
100.0
34
23
19
~ -X
_24
100
JV Not included in available zoning information
2V Primarily office and open land zones
The overall economic status of the CCA's resident population may be generally
characterized as below the median income. Persons 65 years of age and over
comprise about 28% of the area's resident population, which is three times
the percentage for Ada County as a whole. It is interesting to note that
this group resides in an area where carbon monoxide may be comparatively
worse than in most other areas of the county. Persons 18 years old and
under account for 16% of the CCA's resident population, or about half the
county figure. The 18 to 64 year-old group accounts for about the same
proportion (56/J) of the resident population as in the county.
Employment
Some 1000 establishments located in and near the CCA employed a total of
about 23,000 persons as of April 1976*. Of these, 9200 worked in the cen-
tral business core. Government at local, state and federal levels accounts
for about 30% of total employment for the CCA. Because this is a
* City Center Report, page 22
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significant proportion of total employment, it may be assumed that this group
of governmental employees has a significant impact on traffic volumes at
times of peak commuter activity. This is mentioned because of the unique
opportunity afforded "government" to institute such programs as car-pooling
and flex-time in an attempt to minimize its contributory impact on traffic
congestion and consequent effects on the environment and the public health.
Transportation
Access to the CCA from the south is via bridges, and from the north is pri-
marily via State Street (serving the northwest) and Warm Springs Avenue
(serving the southeast). As the CCA is bounded on the south by the Boise
River, auto access into the city center from this direction is confined to
bridges at Main Street and Fairview Avenue for the southwest section; Ameri-
cana Boulevard, Eighth Street, and Capitol Boulevard for the southcentral
portion, and Broadway Avenue for the southeast area. Traffic volumes gener-
ally conform to a characteristic daily pattern, increasing markedly at
7:00 a.m. and continuing at a relatively high level throughout the day.
Traffic activity is usually highest between 4:30 p.m. and 5:30 p.m.
peaking just after 5:00 p.m. The evening peak accounts for about 9% of
total daily traffic volume*.
Figure 1 shows that the predominant configuration of blocks and streets in
the study area can be characterized as a rectangular grid pattern. In two
areas, this pattern interfaces with a grid pattern of different orientation
and complex intersections result. The first instance occurs at 16th Street
* City Center Report, page 15
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where Main Street branches into Fairview. The second instance occurs at
Broadway Avenue where Warm Springs splits into Main Street and Idaho Street.
There are two other areas of anomalous traffic patterns in the study area.
One is the portion of Capitol Boulevard/Seventh Street north of Bannock
Street. The other is the general area of the Grove Street, Front Street-
Capitol Boulevard intersection.
Traffic circulation in the study area is concentrated on a relatively few
streets (See Appendix E). Streets carrying the bulk of traffic through the
central part of the study area are: Idaho, Main, Sixth, Capitol/Seventh,
Front, Grove, Ninth and State. Total daily traffic volume exceeds 7,000
vehicles on at least some portion of those streets named. With the exception
of State Street, the balance of streets named are one-way, and the basic
pattern of traffic circulation in the central part of the study area can be
inferred from them in Figure 1.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Selection and Evaluation of Study Period
The State of Idaho Air Quality Bureau established a permanent NDIR (non-dis-
persive infra-red) CO monitor sited at 115J Ninth in downtown Boise during
July of 1975. Two hundred and twenty-three violations of the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) primary standard of 9.0 ppm CO had been
registered for the period between the site's inception and December of 1977.
While it is realized that data from a single monitor may not be representa-
tive of the predominant conditions in the selected study area, it nonetheless
is the only source from which trends of CO characteristics can be inferred.
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The November-December study period was selected to coincide with anticipated
frequent days of high carbon monoxide concentrations. Figure 2 graphically
represents annual trends of carbon monoxide data from the state's permanent
site. The "season" for high CO is typically the interval between November
and February. Within this interval, December has the highest incidence of
high CO concentrations, November shows the next highest incidence of days
having at least one eight-hour average greater than 9.0 ppm except for the
1975-1976 "season" when more violations occurred in January than November-
The potential for poor ventilation during the selected study period was also
examined. Table 2 shows the frequency of occurrence of stable atmospheric
(inversion) conditions for 1973-74.* Unfortunately, the data are available
in a form that precludes examination of a particular month. The figures in
the table represent composite frequencies of stable conditions for three-
month intervals, generally coinciding with the four basic yearly seasons
(winter, spring, etc). From these, it seems probable that the frequency of
inversion-conducive conditions between November and January is relatively
higher than from early spring through early fall. Thus, consideration -of
both previous state monitoring data and inversion-stability figures leads to
the selection of the winter period (November, December, and January) when
the probability of examining "worst case" conditions for carbon monoxide in
Boise is greatest.
* Ground level stable air is probably a significant factor in high CO
concentrations. Some think that an urban heat island effect may create
less stable air at ground-level in the city than in outlying areas.
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Table 2. Incidence of Stable Meteorological Conditions
Annual Interval
Relative Frequency of
Stability Classes
December, January, February
March, April, May
June, July, August
September, October, November
Slightly
Stable (5)
44.7$
25.8$
8.2$
17.7$
Stable(6)
26.3$
27.3$
41.8$
42.9$
Sum of
5 and 6
71.0$
53.1$
50.0$
60.6$
Note: Meteorological Stability Summary
December 1973 - November 1974, Boise Air Terminal
The study period included only weekdays, Monday through Friday, because this
five-consecutive day interval was thought to provide the most effective
sampling of the maximum concentrations during a seven-day week. Two inter-
vals, Monday through Friday and Tuesday through Saturday, were considered
and compared using past data at the state site. (Previous state data have
clearly indicated that Sunday is the day of the week which most frequently
has- the lowest concentrations*). For November and December of 1976, the
maximum eight-hour averages for Monday were higher than those for Tuesday
for eight out of the nine weeks or 89$ of the time. Maximum eight-hour
averages for Friday exceeded those for Saturday during seven out of nine
weeks or 66$ of the time. Based on this analysis, the most effective five-
day sampling seemed likely to occur during a Monday through Friday schedule.
(Note: State data for November and December of 1977 analyzed after the com-
pletion of the survey offered less conclusive results. However, these data
* Low concentrations are also typical of major holidays'such as Thanks-
giving and Christmas.
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did not contravene the previous conclusion that for November and December, a
Monday through Friday sampling schedule would provide the potential for
maximum survey effectiveness. The maximum eight-hour averages for Monday
exceeded those for Tuesday in five of the nine weeks or 56% of the time.
Friday's values exceeded Saturday's by the same margin).
The selected study interval was 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. based on a desire to
approximate the daily maximum eight-hour period although this period varies
from day-to-day and site-to-site. Daily patterns of CO concentrations at
the state site were analyzed to isolate the eight-hour interval during a day
when maximum values could be expected. Using November through December data
for 1975, 1976, and 1977, each year's total of the number of eight-hour
averages greater than 9.0 ppm was compiled and the fraction of that total
which had occurred each hour* was calculated. From this analysis as sum-
marized in Figure 3, two sampling intervals, 10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m. (1000-1800)
and 11:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. (1100-1900) appear to exhibit the highest frequency
of eight-hour violations. Further analysis of monthly maximums for December
of 1975, 1976, and 1977 shows that the former interval exceeded the latter
one in all cases. It was recognized that, insofar as the proportion of the
daily traffic volume by the monitor may have been greater in the late after-
noon "rush" than in the morning "rush", the time interval based on the state
site's eight-hour running averages might not be representative of some other
streets in the proposed study area or the area as a whole. Nonetheless, the
10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. interval was selected. This period was thought to
most effectively accommodate both the monitoring of some residual morning
* By ending hour of the eight-hour period.
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"rush" concentrations and afternoon "rush" values. Consecutive four-hour
periods permitted calculation of eight-hour averages for comparison with the
NAAQS, and confined the total daily expenditure of the contractor's time and
effort to an acceptable period, thereby reducing overall costs.
In retrospect, the 10:00 a.m. - 6 :00 p.m. period was appropriate from the
standpoint of most frequently observing the daily maximum eight-hour concen-
tration at the state site. On eight of the 20 days of the study, this was
the daily maximum period. No other period was as frequently the maximum.
Furthermore, on two additional days, the concentration ending at 6:00 p.m.
was essentially equal to the daily maximum. On only four days* did the
daily maximum exceed the eight-hour average ending at 6:00 p.m. by more than
1 ppm.
Site Selection
Forty outdoor sites (Figure 1 and Appendix A) were selected after a review
of traffic characteristics, potential population exposure, and planning for
the Boise downtown area. Site selection emphasized those locations expected
to represent relatively high CO concentrations and population exposure in a
portion of the study area. However, some sites were chosen simply to provide
data on the distribution of CO within the area or in sub-areas of interest
due to future planning or existing land use such as residential areas.
Locations were avoided where unusually high CO might occur due to
» On 12/1 - 8.4 ppm at 3:00 p.m. vs. 5.2 ppm; on 12/13 - 2.8 ppm at
1:00 a.m. vs. 1.3 ppm; on 12/19 - 12.0 ppm at 7:00 p.m. vs. 10.8 ppm;
and on 12/20 - 7.1 ppm at 2:00 p.m. vs. 4.1 ppm.
17
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close proximity to idling vehicles such as at street corners or near the
entrance/exit to major parking areas. Adherence to this constraint as well
as physical limitations on available points to attach samplers meant it was
not always possible to place sampling equipment in the preferred street
block or location within the block.
Many (but not all) of the sites were selected using a modified screening
technique (intended to identify potential "hot spots") which included physi-
cal inspection of the potential sites. The "hot spot" screening guidelines
prepared for EPA* consist of a two-stage process. Initially, all the traffic
volumes must be identified as well as street lane configurations for various
intersections (or traffic speed and lane capacities on certain roadways).
These minimal data enable the user to enter prepared charts which are based
on assumed meteorological conditions, vehicle mixes, and emission factors
and identify sites where potential violations may exist. The second stage
requires additional input data to enter a second series of charts that
present the potential magnitude of the standards violation (but not the fre-
quency). Because resources were limited and input data for Boise were lack-
ing for a number of cases, only the first stage screening was attempted.
Onsite inspections of the general locale identified the specific sampling
point within the general area and such factors as non-traffic related sources
* EPA - 901/9-76-001 and 002, Guidelines for Identification and Evaluation
of Localized Violations of Carbon Monoxide Standards, prepared for U.S.
EPA, Region I Office, Boston, Massachusetts by GCA/Technology Division,
Bedford, Mass. 01730 (A later version of these guidelines is now avail-
able.)
18
-------
of carbon monoxide, adjacent land uses, and probable receptors (resident
population, office workers, pedestrians, etc.). Criteria also included:
Distance from intersection — more than 10 meters
Distance from major parking lot
entrance/exit — more than 10 meters
Distance from curb — more than 1 meter
Height — 3 ± J meter*
Distance from building surfaces — more than 2 meters
Detailed descriptions of the forty selected sites (Figure 1) appear in Appen-
dix A. Some sites were designated for 10 days of sampling (rather than 20
days). Most of these were outside the central business district in areas of
less dense traffic. One 10-day site, No. 30A, was nearly two hundred feet
from the roadway on the southeast side of the nearest heavily-travelled road
(Capitol Boulevard) above a sidewalk near a dormitory. Most other 10-day
sites were near major roads outside the central business district and were
closer to the roadway. These included locations on Broadway, 23rd near
Fairview, and State Street.
Sample Collection and Analysis
The contractor, using EPA equipment, collected and analyzed samples twice
daily. At each site, a small (330 grams), intermittently operating, battery-
powered pump** filled an aluminized mylar bag within a cylindrical plastic
tube at about one liter per hour. The piston pump pulses on approximately
every 10-12 seconds at this sampling rate. (Field adjustments of the pulse
* Sample inlets were established at 3J meters
** Modified Pulse Pump I manufactured by Environmental Measurements, Inc.,
215 Leidesdorff Street, San Francisco, CA 94111 (415) 398-7664
19
-------
rate are possible. Power for several days' operation comes from one each 9
and 1-.5 V batteries.) After sampling for four hours (10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
- AM sample), bags were removed to a field laboratory for analysis by an
electrochemical method. Collection of a second 4-hour sample (PM) was begun
using a different bag within less than a minute after collection of the AM
sample.
Two dual-range (0-50 ppm; 0-100 ppm) Ecolyzers* were used for analysis. The
manufacturer's specifications claim a sensitivity of 0.5 ppm, an accuracy of
— 1% full scale, and essentially linear response. Although previous stud-
ies by others have found similar Ecolyzers to respond essentially linearly
over the range of the instrument, each instrument was checked. Study sam-
ples were analyzed on the 0-50 ppm scale, which would imply — 0.5 ppm
accuracy according to the manufacturer's specifications. A 1-volt DC recor-
der** provided a record of the contractor's sample analyses, although the
Ecolyzer meter reading was the primary data record.
The unique sampling stations employed during the study were specially de-
signed to contain the pulse pump and bag in a weather-proof shelter in a
portable and easily removable configuration. Appendix B describes the sam-
pling station consisting of a bag/pump unit which was removed daily and a
"permanent" bracket unit upon which the bag/pump was mounted. Two types of
mounting bracket units - one for attachment to light poles (or utility poles)
* Model 2600 Ecolyzers manufactured by Energetics Science Inc., 85 Execu-
tive Blvd., Elmsford, N.Y. 10523 (91*0 592-3010
** Manufactured by Gulton, Inc.
20
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and one for parking meter poles - were used. The long, alumlnized mylar bag
in a 33 inch long, 4-inch diameter cylinder was connected to the pump by a
short (less than 8-inch) piece of flexible tubing. Separate bag-cylinder
units were used for AM and PM samples.
During collection, each numbered bag-cylinder was marked with time of deploy-
ment and removal (pump on/pump off) to insure proper sample identification.
This information was recorded on the laboratory data sheet at the time of
analysis. 'All samples were analyzed within 24 hours of collection; usually,
morning samples were analyzed in the afternoon of the same day and afternoon
samples were analyzed the following morning.
The analytical procedure included an initial span check using a 20.0 ppm CO
in air primary standard traceable to NBS. This was repeated every hour or
after half of the analyses, whichever came first. The instrument electronic
zero and the meter reading using zero air input were also compared at this
time. After a series of analyses for AM or PM samples, the instrument zero
and span were again checked. These checks and sample analyses were recorded
on a strip chart as a secondary record, with the actual meter reading of the
Ecolyzer by the instrument operator as the primary record.
Quality Control
Instrument performance was monitored through several checks on the air flow,
zero and span drift, and linearity of the instrument. Various air/CO mix-
tures, either traceable to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) or actual
NBS gases, were used as standards. The certified CO/air mixture used both
for linearity checks and in daily span checks was analyzed after the survey
21
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by non-dispersive infra-red analysis (Washington State Department of Ecology)
and the concentration corresponded to the manufacturer's claimed value within
the accuracy of the measurement technique. This mixture was a primary stand-
ard traceable to NBS, supplied in an aluminum spectroseal cylinder by Scott-
Marrin, Inc., Riverside, California, and certified by the manufacturer at
20.0 - 0.2 ppm. Additional primary standards from this manufacturer used
during this survey to check instrument performance were air/CO mixtures at
the following CO concentrations: 4.93 - .05 ppm; 9.85 — 0.1 ppm; 38.9
- 0.4 ppm; and 0 ppm (ultrapure air). NBS standards utilized were air/CO
mixtures at 43-2, 18.0, and 9.53 ppm.
The contractor's performance was reviewed in the field as well as by compar-
ing strip chart records with data recorded by the operator. Values indicated
on strip charts may not be absolute since the Ecolyzer meter was the basis
for calibration. The recorder was zeroed to the Ecolyzer zero and inferences
on trace accuracy could be made by examining recorder response to an adjusted
span check. Results of these comparisons are summarized below.
1. A random check of strip chart records of sample concentrations versus
operator-noted meter readings as reported by the contractor on six sets of
samples (184 samples) found the majority of differences were less than
0.5 ppm, which was not considered significant. Differences for all but six
pairs of values out of 184 (3-3?) were less than 0.5 ppm. In one case, the
difference exceeded 1.5 ppm when the contractor reported a lower concentra-
tion (by 9% of full scale) than was recorded on the strip chart*. The latter
* On December 2, 1977, for sample 29 the strip chart indicated 14.5 ppm
but the contractor reported 9-9 ppm.
22
-------
difference may be due to reading the meter before the needle stabilized at
the maximum point. This type of operator error would have underestimated
rather than overestimated the true value.
2. Strip chart records of all span checks and zero checks performed by the
contractor before and after analyzing sample sets were reviewed by EPA.
Over the 20-day survey, there were 85 sets of samples. Because the operator
adjusted the zero and span on the Ecolyzer meter indicator rather than on
the recorder, the strip chart records may not represent absolute values
However, for all but one set of samples, the differences between the expec-
ted strip chart record and actual strip chart record of electronic zero, gas
zero and 20.0 ppm CO span gas readings were less than 1.0 ppm. (See Tab-
le 3.) For one of four sets of PM samples on November 29, 1977,
Table 3
Number of Sample Sets with Deviations from Expected Strip Chart
Readings for Zero and 20.0 ppm CO Span Checks
Deviation Number of sample sets
Less than or equal to 0.5 50
More than 0.5 but less than 1.0 11
More than 1.0 1
Unknown* 23_
Total 85
* Chart annotations missing or otherwise insufficient to determine whether
adjustments were made.
23
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the strip chart indicates a possible deviation from proper calibration of
1.5 ppm (zero too low) at the end of the set, assuming that the recorder was
in agreement with the meter indicator on the Ecolyzer. If it were not in
agreement (as appears more likely because the zero on the strip chart had an
initial value of -1.0 ppm), the maximum error in reported sample concentra-
tions for this test was likely to be too low by less than 0.5 ppm. Although
the strip chart record was intended simply to verify whether the meter read-
ing had stabilized before a reading was taken, it also helped in evaluating
the extent of a possible shift in calibration during those sets of analyses
where adequate records were available. Thus, errors due to zero or span
drift during analysis appear to be generally less than — 1.0 ppm and, in
fact, for most sample sets such errors appear to be less than — 0.5 ppm.
3. Linearity was checked several times. Analyses of bags filled with vari-
ous span gas concentrations by Ecolyzer Units 1 and 2 that were used for bag
sample analyses appeared to be acceptable in the range of concentrations
observed during the survey. (See Appendix C, Figures 1 and 2 for typical
results.) In one instance, an unexplained 1.2 ppm decrease in the analytical
result for the 43-2 ppm NBS standard was noted. However, instrument respon-
ses to concentrations at and below 20.0 ppm were as expected. (All measured
concentrations were in this range.)
4. The instrument response to the internal electronic zero (recommended by
the manufacturer for zeroing the instrument) was the same as to zero air
input, except when loose internal or external hose connections allowed in-
filtration of ambient air. This equality proved a convenient check on oper-
ator set-up of the instrument for sample analysis.
24
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data were examined for (1) the relative magnitude of carbon monoxide concen-
trations at various sites (spatial extent) for the same time period and (2)
the suggested patterns of values. To evaluate the study period, the State
site data obtained previous to and during the survey were compared. Several
measures of the magnitude of the carbon monoxide problem were evaluated for
the study sites. Maximum and minimum concentrations for each sample interval
(AM, PM, and eight-hour average) for each site, for each day, and overall
for the entire study were examined. Because the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards address the second-highest eight-hour average, this figure was
identified for each site as well as the frequency of samples exceeding
9.0 ppm. Comparisons were made with similar measures for the State's perma-
nent monitor. In addition, ratios of concentrations at each site to those at
the state site were evaluated.
Possible correlations between sites located on the same street were investi-
gated. This included correlations between the State's permanent monitor on
Ninth Street and the closest EPA study site. In addition, comparisons were
made with indoor sites, however, the latter are discussed in a later section
of this report.
Magnitude and Spatial Distribution of Carbon Monoxide
Collecting samples during about the same hours at a relatively large number
of sites afforded a view of the carbon monoxide distribution over a rela-
tively wide area for comparison with the Stats site. The daily values for
AM, PM, and eight-hour intervals at each site are contained in Appendix D.
25
-------
Summary statistics have been graphed as box plots and/or as histograms on a
base map (Figures 4 through 16).
Box plots depict for each site the data distributions of the calculated
eight-hour averages in Figure 4 and the measured concentrations for AM and
PM samples in Figures 5 and 6. The range, median, arithmetic mean, and
arithmetic standard deviation for each site were based on nominally 20 days
or 10 days of samples, depending on the site schedule; missing data were not
estimated. For the eight-hour average distributions, each site's second-
highest value is also shown. Other box plots (Figures 12, 13, and 14), show
the distributions of eight-hour, AM and PM data for each day based on all
site (33 or fewer) values. Recall that 7 of the 33 sites were relocated
after 10 days.
For each site, histograms on a base map depict the highest eight-hour average
(Figure 7), the frequency of eight-hour averages exceeding 9.0 ppm (Fig-
ure 8), the second-highest eight-hour average (Figure 9), the maximum AM and
PM averages (Figures 10 and 11), and the arithmetic mean of all eight-hour
averages observed during the survey (Figure 15). Although similar statistics
also appear on the box plots (with the exception of the frequency of eight-
hour averages greater than 9.0 ppm), these histograms/maps permit easier
visualization of the spatial distribution of values for the statistics of
greatest interest. The last histogram/map represents each site's eight-hour
average on the day of the highest overall average for all sites (Figure 16)
to show the pattern prevailing on the day when most sites experienced their
maximum concentrations. (Sites sampled only during the last half of the
survey are, of course, not included on this December 2, 1977 map.)
26
-------
Maximum Eight-Hour and Four-Hour Averages - High carbon monoxide levels were
found not only in the vicinity of the State's permanent monitor but also at
many other sites within the study area. Figures 4 and 7 and Table 4 show
the maximum eight-hour averages for 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (AVC) for each
site during the study. About 70$ of the sampling sites* experienced one or
more days when the eight-hour average (AVC) exceeded 9.0 ppm (Figure 4 and
Table 4 ). This is the level of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard
for eight hours which is not to be exceeded more than once per year. More
sites experienced high carbon monoxide during the PM sampling interval than
during the AM interval (see Figures 5, 6, 13 and 14, and Table 5). For 80$
of the sites, at least one PM average exceeded 9.0 ppm, but only about 60$
had an AM average greater than 9.0 ppm. Table 5 summarises the distributions
of the maximum AM, PM, and AVC values for the forty sample sites.
For twelve sites ( 2, 3, 7, 15, 27B, 28A, 28B, 29B, 30B, 31 A, 31B, and 333),
the maximum AVC did not exceed 9.0 ppm. The smallest maximum concentration,
4.8 ppm, was at the site most distant from any roadway. This site (no. 3),
about 59 meters east of Capitol Boulevard on the Boise State University
campus, probably provided a better indication of general background** con-
centrations than any of the other study sites since the relative contribution
of the nearby roadway may have been less than for other sites. However, no
measurements of concentration gradients from this heavily travelled roadway
were made.
* 28 out of 40 total sites. This includes 5 of the 14 sites sampled only
for ten days. (Values rounded to the nearest whole number.)
** "Background" concentrations would be those not attributed to a single
identifiable source and could vary from place to place and time to time.
27
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Table 4. Maximum Values from Forty Sites and the Permanent Monitor
Carbon Monoxide in ppm
t-O
00
Site
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10A*
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Maximum AM
10 AM-2 PM
12.9
10.9
5.0
9.0
11.5
11.0
9.2
12.0
14.2
13.5
13.2
6.3
15.1
12.1
8.0
10.0
13.9
15.6
11.3
16.5
9.0
10.2
14.1
Maximum PM
2 PM-6 PM
16.5
8.9
4.5
10.0
15.5
11.0
12.8
16.0
13.3
20.6
18.0
12.9
15.2
11.5
7.5
14.0
16.5
14.9
13.1
13.5
11.2
12.0
11.8
Maximum AVC
10 AM-6 PM
14.7
9.0
4.8
9.5
13.5
10.5
8.4
13.0
13.6
15.9
15.6
9.5
14.2
11.2
7.6
9.9
15.2
15.3
12.1
13.8
9.9
11.1
13.0
% AVC1
GT 9.0
60
0
0
5
15
10
0
8
35
50
44
6
56
6
0
11
19
37
25
37
5
10
18
Ratio2
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.9
1.3
1.0
0.8
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.5
0.9
1.0
1.3
0.6
0.9
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.3
0.9
1.1
—
Date of
Maximum AVC
12/02
11/25
11/25
12/02
12/02
12/02
11/30
11/25
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/22
11/25
12/22
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/01
Seoond-Hi
AVC
12.6
7.7
4.2
6.9
11.8
9.4
8.1
9.0
11.9
13.2
13.3
8.6
12.4
7.9
7.5
9.4
13.6
12.1
10.2
11.5
8.4
9.1
11.6
Second
Ratio3
0.9
0.6
0.4
1.3
0.9
1.5
1.6
0.7
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.0
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.9
—
1.0
1.1
Date of
Second-Hi
12/22
12/22
12/02
12/12
12/22
12/06
12/12
12/22
12/06
12/05
12/06
11/25
12/19
12/02
11/30
12/22
11/25
11/25
11/25
12/06
12/01
11/25
12/02
(continued)
-------
Table 4. continued
NJ
v£>
Maximum AM
Site 10 AM-2 PM
24
25
26
27 A*
27B»*
28 A
28B
29A
29B
30A
30B
31A
3 IB
32
32B
33A
33B
ODD***
12.6
11.0
8.1
10.1
4.7
10.0
9.0
9.0
7.0
11.2
8.0
9.9
7.1
15.2
10.3
10.5
7.0
12.4
Maximum PM
2 PM-6 PM
17.5
15.8
14.0
10.1
6.5
9.9
9.3
9.9
4.5
12.0
5.7
10.5
6.5
19.9
9.1
13.3
10.1
15.1
Maximum AVC1
10 AM-6 PM
15.1
13.4
10.6
10.1
5.3
8.0
7.8
9.5
5.4
11.4
6.0
8.7
6.3
17.2
9.7
11.6
8.4
13.7
% AVC
GT 9.0
10
11
5
10
0
0
0
10
0
30
0
0
0
70
14
50
0
47
Ratio2
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.5
0.9
0.5
1.3
1.9
1.1
2.1
Date of
Maximum AVC
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/22
12/02
12/22
12/02
12/12
12/02
12/14
11/28
12/22
12/22
12/12
11/30
12/14
12/22
Second-Hi
AVC
9.1
11.0
8.6
7.2
4.1
8.0
6.4
8.5
4.9
11.0
4.6
7.7
5.7
16.5
8.1
10.6
7.2
10.8
Second
Ratio3
1.5
1.8
1.0
1.2
0.4
0.8
1.6
1.4
0.4
1.2
0.9
0.7
1.1
1.6
0.6
1.1
1.7
Date of
Second-Hi
12/06
12/06
11/25
12/06
12/21
12/02
12/14
12/06
12/22
11/25
12/12
12/02
12/12
12/02
12/22
12/05
12/20
12/19
* "A" suffix indicates sampled first 10 days.
** "B" suffix indicates sampled last 10 days.
*** State's permanent monitor at Odd Fellows Hall, 115J Ninth Street.
1 Frequency of AVC's exceeding 9 ppm, expressed as a percentage of the number of samples.
2 Ratio of maximum AVC to the eight-hour average for the same time at the State site.
3 Ratio of second-highest AVC to the eight-hour average for the same time at the State site.
-------
Table 5. Distribution of Maximum Values
from Forty Sites in Boise
Range of
Maximum Carbon
Monoxide*, ppm Percent* of Sites Within Range
Equal or
More
Than
0 -
3 -
6 -
9 -
12 -
15 -
18 -
Less
Than
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
Maximum AM
10 AM-2 PM
0
5
9
U2
25
10
0
Maximum PM
2 PM-6 PM
0
8
18
28
30
18
10
Maximum
10 AM-6
0
8
10
35
22
18
0
AVC
PM
* Rounded to integer values
For comparison, the site on the opposite side of Capitol Boulevard (Site 27A)
nearer the roadway (about 10 meters distant) experienced a much higher maxi-
mum AVC (10.1 ppm on December 2, 1977)- Relatively low maximum AVC's oc-
curred along residential areas of State Street* which carries traffic from
the northwest to the central downtown area. However, the standard was ex-
ceeded at the only State Street site sampled during the first ten days (west
of 22nd, site 26, 10.6 ppm on December 2, 1977). AVC's were always less
than 9.0 ppm at Sixteenth north of State (site 28B), and at Thirteenth north
of State (site 27B). Concentrations were generally higher on Sixteenth than
Thirteenth Street as was expected from the traffic characteristics.
* West of Eighteenth (site 29B) and-west of Twenty-fifth Street (site 30B)
30
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Of the maximum eight-hour concentrations at each site for the 10:00 a.m. to
6:00 p.m. period (Figure 4), the highest eight-hour value was about 17 ppm.
This occurred on Idaho Street west of Eighth Street (Site 32) on December 22,
1977. Of the remaining sites, the next highest eight-hour value was across
the street at site 10A. These sites are one block from the permanent moni-
tor, which is on Ninth, but are on a NW-SE street perpendicular to Ninth.
Traffic volumes are generally greater on Idaho (an east-west street) than on
Ninth in front of the permanent monitor, but no traffic counts were made
during the survey at either location.
For twelve sites ( 1, 5, 9, 10A, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, 24, 25, and 32), the
maximum eight-hour average during the survey very nearly equalled (_+0.5 ppm)
or exceeded that of the permanent site for the 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. period
(13.7 ppm on December 22, 1977). All such sites are listed in Table 6.
Most were within three blocks of the permanent site*, with three exceptions:
Site 1, 9-10 blocks southeast on Broadway; Site 24, which is seven blocks
west on 16th; and Site 25, 14 blocks west on 23rd. The blocks represented
by these sites were: Broadway north of Myrtle; Capitol north of Idaho;
Ninth north of Main and north of Idaho; Idaho west of Eighth and Idaho west
of Tenth; Main west of Tenth and west of llth; 16th north of Main; and 23rd
north of Fairview.
* Sites 9 and 13 were in the same block as the permanent monitor and exper-
ienced similar maximum eight-hour averages. Site 33A was also in the
same block.
31
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At all of these sites the eight-hour standard was exceeded more than once
and several experienced exceedences on over 25% of the sampled days. At the
state site, 47$ of the 10:00 -a.m. to 6:00 p.m. averages (AVS's) exceeded
9-0 ppm. Comparable or greater frequencies were observed at sites 1, 10A,
11, 13, 32, and 33A with the most frequent exeedences at site 32 (7055 of the
sampled days). Figure 8 illustrates the frequency of AVC's greater than
9.0 ppm for each site.
Second-Highest Eight-Hour Averages (AVC's) - Figures 4 and 9 show the second-
highest AVC for each site. However, the study design did not permit compar-
ison of sites as to the extent by which the eight-hour standard may have
been violated at each site during November-December, because only one eight-
hour period 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. was included each day. For example, the
AVC for a site heavily affected by morning peak hour traffic may be low on
Figure 4 because this peak was not included in the sampling period. However,
the maximum eight-hour period for that site may have encompassed that time,
rather than the sampling time.
The study data indicate that some sites, even with this limited data base,
appear to violate the 9.0 ppm eight-hour standard which is not to be exceeded
more than once per year (Table 4). A total of nineteen sites (1, 5, 6, 9,
10A, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30A, 32, and 33A) experi-
enced at least two days with an eight-hour average over 9.0 ppm. These
sites were widespread through the study area and included sites on Broadway
north of Myrtle; several blocks between Idaho and Main (on 9th, llth,
32
-------
Table 6.
Sites with Maximum* Eight-hour Averages
Nearly Equalling** or ExceecIng that of the Permanent Monitor
Site
Number
32
10A
11
18
17
24
1
13***
20
g*«*
5
25
CO, PPM
Maximum
AVC
10 AM - 6 PM
17.2
15.9
15.6
15.3
15.2
15.1
14.7
14.2
13.8
13.6
13.5
13.4
1977
Date of
Maximum
AVC
12/22
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/22
12/02
12/02
12/02
12/02
Side of
Location Street
Idaho w/o 8th N
Idaho w/o 8th S
9th n/o Idaho E
Main w/o 10th N
Idaho w/o 10th S
16th n/o Main W
Broadway n/o Myrtle W
9th n/o Main W
Main w/o llth S
9th n/o Main E
Capitol n/o Idaho W
23rd n/o Fairview E
* This is the maximum for the site during the entire study. The maximum
10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. average at the State site was 14 ppm on
12/22/77. On any one day, other sites may have had concentrations
equalling or exceeding that of the State site on the same day.
** Nearly equalling - plus or minus 0.5 ppm.
***Sites 9, 13, and 33A were in the same street block as the permanent
monitor- (The maximum for site 33A was 12 ppm, but this site was not
sampled during the last 10 days of the survey when the maximum values
occurred for the other two sites.) Most sites experienced their maxi-
mum eight-hour values on 12/02/77 (Friday) or, for the remaining few
sites, on 12/22/77 (Thursday), the last day of the survey when the
maximum for 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. was noted at the State's permanent
monitor -
33
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and 16th); several blocks north of Idaho (on 8th, 9th, and 10th); both
blocks sampled on Idaho (west of 8th and 10th); and several blocks on
Main (west of 10th, llth, and 15th); as well as on Front west of 15th;
Capitol north of Myrtle and Idaho; and 23rd north of Fairview. Undetected
violations may have occurred at other sites or with greater magnitude at
these same sites during the days of the study.
The maximum second-highest AVC, recorded for any site was 16.5 ppm on
December 2, 1977 at Idaho west of Eighth. For comparison, the second-
highest eight-hour average for the permanent monitor was 10.8 ppm on
December 19. This was nearly equalled or exceeded by second-highest
AVC's at a total of fourteen sites including the three in the same block.
However, only four were more than 2 ppm greater* (10A, 11, 17, and 32)
and these were within a few blocks of the permanent monitor-
Comparisons of AM and PM Averages
For the state's permanent monitor and its corresponding study site
(Site 13), the AM averages were lower than the PM averages. Because the
AM sample did not include the morning traffic peak, but the PM sample
spanned the late afternoon commuter traffic, it was expected that AM
concentrations at most sites would be less than for PM samples. Although
this seemed generally true (Appendix D), the highest concentration for
the AM exceeded that for the PM sample at several locations including six
sites along Main Street (14, 15, 18, 20, 23, and 28A) as well as sites 2,
* Second-highest AVC above 12.8 ppm
34
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3, 9, 29B, 30B, 31B, and 32B. This is shown in Table 3 and Figures 5, 6, 10,
and 11. Although differences were slight in most cases, the AM maximum was
2 ppm or more nigher than the PM maximum for sites 20, 23, 29B, and 30B.
On most days, the site-to-site variation in the AM averages was less than
for the PM averages (as shown by comparison of ranges on each day in Fig-
ures 13 and 14) and the highest four-hour average, considering all sites,
occurred in the afternoon. The lowest four-hour average usually occurred
for an AM sample. However, for two days, the PM averages for most sites
were markedly lower than the AM averages (11/29, and 12/14) as is shown by
comparison of the median* values. For December 7, very little difference
between the distributions of AM and of PM averages was noted.
Figures 12, 13 and 14 also illustrate the unusually high concentrations
which prevailed on 12/2 (Friday) and the higher medians on 11/25 (Friday),
12/6 (Tuesday) and 12/22 (Thursday, the last day of study) for eight-hour
and PM averages. The AM averages were also generally highest on 12/2 (Fig-
ure 13).
On December 2, the highest AM and PM averages of the study were observed and
both were higher than corresponding values for the permanent site. The
highest AM average, 16.5 ppm, occurred on Main Street (site 20) where PM
concentrations later dropped to 11.1 ppm. The highest PM average 20.6 ppm,
* Mean values were usually quite similar to median values except for 12/20
PM averages.
35
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occurred on Idaho (site 10A) having risen from earlier AM concentrations of
11.2 ppm. In comparison, the AM and PM averages for the state site were 9.5
and 11.5 ppm on this day.
Patterns of CO for Eight-hour and Four-hour Samples
Composite averages of all site values for each of three time periods were
computed for each day of the survey and are shown in Figures 12, 13, and
14. The site values include four-hour AM (10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.), four-hour
PM (2:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.), and 8-hour (10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) averages. The
daily composite averages for each parameter were reviewed for suggestions of
recurring patterns although it is realized that the sampling interval was
only twenty days, and that seven sites were relocated from one general side
of the CBD to the other after ten days.
Weekly Patterns - Because sampling began on a Friday and ended on a Thursday,
there were only three weeks with complete Monday-through-Friday intervals.
This renders any inferences about the existence of any weekly patterns tenu-
ous at best. However, the four-hour PM daily composite averages (Figure 14)
suggest a weekly bimodal pattern with a peak on Monday or Tuesday and again
later in the week on Friday. The higher values of the week were never on
Wednesday and were usually on Monday or Friday.
Diurnal Patterns - For the two sampling periods within the day, the four-hour
PM daily composite average usually exceeded the four-hour AM average. This
was true 80$ of the time (16 out of 20 days), with an average difference of
1.2 ppm. Conversely, the four-hour AM daily composite average exceeded its
four-hour PM counterpart 2Q% of the time by an average difference of 1.2 ppm.
36
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Meteorological Comparisons - An attempt was made to compare wind speed with
CO concentrations for each of the three sampling intervals: AM, PM, and
eight-hour. The most immediate source of available meteorological data is
the Boise Air Terminal which lies about 3.5 miles southwest of the study
area and is nearly 150 feet higher in elevation. The relationship between
the meteorology of the airport and the study area is unknown, but the airport
meteorology is thought by consulted meteorologists to be generally represen-
tative of the study area. However, a recent report* states that wind speeds
are often lower in the downtown area than at the airport.
Meteorological data from the airport were compared with daily composite CO
values for the three intervals of analysis (AM, PM and eight-hour). On days
when winds were in the approximately 1 to 10 knot range, the corresponding
composite CO average was usually 3 to 10 ppm. Two exceptions occurred on
December 2, 1977: average wind speeds for both the PM and eight-hour inter-
vals were 6 knots, but composite CO averages were 13 and 12 ppm, respective-
ly. However, when wind speed exceeded about 10 knots, CO concentrations in
all three intervals were usually about 5 ppm or less. One exception occurred
on December 4, 1977: average wind speed for the PM interval was 11 knots, but
the composite PM average was 6 ppm. The lowest AM, PM and eight-hour daily
composite averages (between 3 to 5 ppm) occurred on two days** having the
highest average AM, PM and eight-hour wind speeds (between 14-16 knots).
The combined average of daily composite eight-hour values for days when the
* IDHW, Boise Carbon Monoxide Study/Winter 1977 - Spring 1978, Division of
the Environment, July 1978.
** December 7, and December 13, 1977.
37
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eight-hour average wind speed was greater than or equal to 10 knots (aver-
aging 12.6 knots) was 4.6 ppm. This is 2.5 ppm lower than the average for
days when the eight-hour average wind speed was less than 10 knots (averaging
5.3 knots) which was 7.1 ppm.
As anticipated, the data suggest that there is more extensive ventilation at
higher wind speeds and consequently lower concentrations of CO than at lower
wind speeds. Better understanding of the relationship between the airport
meteorology and that of the downtown area is needed for further analysis.
In future surveys, meteorological equipment (at least an anemometer) should
be sited in the general sampling area to provide a closer source of meteoro-
logical data.
Average of Eight-Hour Values at Each Site
For three sites, the average of all eight-hour values exceeded 9.0 ppm
(sites 1, 10A, and 32,). Relative averages for all sites appear in Fig-
ure 15. Most of the sites 'with higher averages were in the central area;
however, not all sites in that area had high averages. For example, the
average for site 15 was relatively low, although that for site 14 directly
across the street was higher. Average eight-hour values were lowest at
site 3 on the Boise State University Campus.
Maximum Day
Figure 16 shows the pattern of carbon monoxide concentrations in the study
area on the day when the composite average of eight-hour values was highest
38
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- December 2, 1977. Most sites sampled on that day experienced their highest
concentrations then. (Table 4). However, on December 22, the highest con-
centration during the survey was observed at site 32. Its second-highest
value occurred on December 2 and was the highest for that day. Maximums at
site 13 and the permanent monitor also occurred on December 22 rather than
December 2.
Twenty-four of the twenty-nine sites sampled on December 2, 1977, experienced
concentrations above 9.0 ppm. Only sites 2, 3, 14, 28A, and 29 did not.
This suggests a widespread problem, rather than a few isolated hot spots.
Comparison of Site 13 and the Permanent Monitor
For a comparison of the study method (bag sampling/Ecolyzer analysis) with
the routine monitoring at the state site, one study site was selected as
close as possible to the monitoring probe inlet at 115£ Ninth Street. How-
ever, because the study equipment was attached to a parking meter (as at
other locations), the actual sample inlet was a few feet north of the moni-
toring probe, a few feet closer to the roadside curb, and a foot or two
lower. Nevertheless, the eight-hour averages from the two locations were
highly correlated with data from the study site about 0.9 ppm higher (R-SQ
equalled 0.94 for the regression line: AVC= 0.92 + 0.98 X AVS). Such
differences may result partially or wholly from non-uniform distribution of
CO vertically and along the street. The study site was slightly closer to
the intersection of Ninth Street with Idaho and study results indicated high-
er concentrations on Idaho Street.
39
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Correlations Between Sites on Same Corridor
The relationships between carbon monoxide concentrations at sites along the
same street corridor were of interest. Previous studies have pointed out
that substantial differences can exist between CO at sites in the same blocks
on opposite sides of the street (cross-street pairs) when winds are across
rather than along the street. Eight-hour averages for sites located along
the same street corridor were analyzed by least squares regression to inves-
tigate any correlations between sites along the corridor. In most cases,
correlations were weak or insignificant for fitting a linear first-order
equation (Y = A + B x X). Of the nine corridors examined — Broadway Avenue,
I6th/Americana Boulevard, Main Street, State Street, Eighth Street, Ninth
Street, 13th Street, Idaho Street, and Capitol Boulevard — the last four had.
at least one pair of sites for which the square of the coefficient of corre-
lation (R-SQ or index of determination) was greater than or equal to 0.75*.
Results are summarized in Table 7. For the Ninth Street corridor pair,
sites 13 and 33A, that were on the same block and side of Ninth Street about
30 meters apart, the index of determination was 0.93 for five data pairs.
The last corridor, Capitol Boulevard, had two pairs of sites where the index
of determination was greater than or equal to 0.75; the sites 3/30A pair
with an index of 0.80 (9 data pairs) and the sites 4727A pair having an
index of 0.79 for 10 data pairs. This is a peculiar corridor in that sites
3 and 27A are almost a cross-street pair as are sites 4 and 30A, and yet
both these "cross-street" pairs have indices of determination less than 0.50.
* R-SQ of 0.75 was picked as a screening level for all corridor pairs
although the confidence interval varies with the number of observations.
For 20 observations, the minimum value of R-SQ for significance at the
95% confidence level is 0.19. For 10 observations, it is 0.40.
40
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Table 7. Corridor Analysis
Data Index
Corridor Site Pair Relative Locations of Sites Pairs (R-SQ)*
9th Street 13/33A Same block same side, about 30 nu 5 0.93
apart
13th Street 21/27B Three blocks apart, same side 10 0.76
(east)
Idaho Street 10A/17 Two blocks apart, same side 7 0.76
Capitol Blvd. 3/30A About six blocks apart, same side 9 0.80
(east)
Capitol Blvd. 4/27A About six blocks apart, same side 10 0.79
(west)
* The minimum value of the square of the correlation coefficient for signi-
ficance at the 95% confidence level for ten data pairs would be about
0.40. This means that the confidence interval for R-SQ would not include
zero for values equal to or greater than 0.40.
The members of the 3/30A pair are about six blocks apart and located on the
same side of Capitol and the same is true for the 4/27A pair.
Altogether, five total pairs of sites located along corridors exhibited
indices of determination greater than or equal to 0.75. These constitute
about 10% of the total number of corridor-grouped pairs examined.
Comparison of Sampling Results at Broadway/Warm Springs
Site 2, on the east side of Broadway south of its intersection with Warm
Springs, was also monitored for one week by the State as part of a special
study which permitted comparisons. The sample inlets were in the same gen-
eral location, but were a few feet apart. The maximum difference for eight-
hour averages was 2.0 ppm. For comparable four-hour averages (Table 8), the
average absolute difference was 1.3 ppm; the maximum difference was 3 ppm.
41
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State
6
7.2
0.4
5.9
Site 2
4.0
6.0
1.6
6.6
State
5
6.5
0
3.5
Site 2
4.0
6.8
1.0
4.3
State
7
7.8
0.8
8.3
Site 2
4.0
5.2
2.1
8.9
The undetermined sources of differences might include the sample inlet loca-
tions as well as the analytical and data processing methods. (The State
monitored concentrations continuously using an electrochemical oxidation
method and averaged the concentrations for hourly averages expressed to a
whole number- These hourly averages were used to compute four-hour averages
for comparison.)
Table 8. Comparative CO Concentrations at Site 2
(ppm)
Eight-Hour AM PM
Date
11/28
30
12/1
2
State Site
The eight-hour average for 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the permanent monitor
was higher than at any study site on only one day of the study (Table 9). On
half of the remaining days, the maximum carbon monoxide average was 10$ to 40$
greater than at the permanent monitor and otherwise ranged from 80$ to 680$
greater. Concentrations on Idaho west of Eighth (site 32) were higher than at
any other study site on 10 of the 19 days for which comparisons were possible.
However, the permanent site experienced higher concentrations on one of these
days (December 15.) This was the only day when the permanent site's eight-hour
daily maximum* was higher than at any study site. The study ended on Thursday,
December 22, the day before the highest eight-hour average for 1977 was recor-
ded at the permanent monitor - 18.5 ppm ending at 6:00 p.m. Based on the
* For any eight consecutive clock hours.
42
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Table 9
Comparison of Maximum Study Site Each Day and
State Site Eight-Hour Averages-
(carbon monoxide in ppm)
STUDY SITES
STATE
1977
Date
11/25
28
29
30
12/01
02
05
06
07
08
09
12
13
14
15
16
19
20
21
22
Maximum
Study Site
32
32
1
33A
23
32
10A
11
32
13
32
1
11
11
32
32
13
20 and 11
32
32
Maximum
AVC*
16.2
11.3
11.0
11.6
13.0
16.5
13.2
13-3
8.7
9.4
12.1
11.1
9.8
11.9
9.9
11.0
12.4
10.1
12.6
17.2
Ratio
AVC /AVS
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.1
—
1.6
1.3
2.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
2.1
7.8
3.0
.9
1.8
1.1
2.4
1.2
1.3
Maximum
AVS* Eight-Hour
8.8
9.8
8.3
10.7
10.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
10.7
6.0
10.8
9.3
10.7
8.3
10.7
10.5
9.9
6.2
7.4
8.2
9.7
8.4
2.8
4.0
10.7
6.4
12.0
4,
10,
7.
10,
13.7
13.7
1500
1600
1800
1800
1800
1900
1800
1500
2000
1800
1500
0100
1800
1800
1500
1900
1400
2000
1900
* Eight-hour average for 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. (1000 - 1800)
study data, it seems likely that even higher concentrations occurred at other
sites on that day.
Sites 1, 10A, 11, 13, 20, and 33A were other study sites which were "maximum"
on at least one day. Figure 17 traces the daily change in values at site 32
and in the range of eight-hour averages for sites 1, 10A, 11, 13, and 32.
Concentrations at site 32 were typically at or above the median.
Correlations were examined for the permanent site and each study site using
a readily available, linear regression (Y = A + B x X) on the unadjusted
43
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data. Because air pollution data may be log-normally distributed, correla-
tions were also examined for the least squares fitting of the curve form
Y=A x x . However, in most instances there was little or no improvement
in the square of the correlation coefficient and those results are not pre-
sented here.
The highest correlations (R-SQ greater than 0.5) are summarized in Table 10.
It is interesting to note the omission of site 9 which is on the east side
of Ninth Street across from the permanent monitor, although sites 13 and 33A
on the same side are included. Sites 16 and 19 are on the west sides of 10th
and 11th Streets, respectively, and site 15 is on the south side of Main
Street.
Daily values of the eight-hour average CO at each site were compared to those
at the permanent monitor. The ratio of the study site (AVC) value to that
of the permanent monitor (AVS) was computed for each day for each site. The
average of the daily ratios for site 32 compared to the permanent monitor
was 1.5. The highest daily ratios (up to 7.8 for site 11 at 9.8 ppm) were
observed on the day of the lowest average at the state site (12/13/77 - AVS
equalled 1.3 ppm). On that day, most study sites experienced concentrations
of from 2 to 6 ppm. Exceptions were site 11 (9.8 ppm) and sites 2, 3, 5,
16, 15, and 27B (0.7 to 1.5 ppm for the 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. sample
interval).
Concentrations at one or more of the study sites were above 9.0 ppm and at
the same time exceeded those at the permanent monitor for the 10:00 a.m. to
44
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Table 10. Regression Equations for State Site/Study Data*
Site
13
15
16
19
32
33A
R-SQ
.94
.56
.67
.51
.61
.98
No. of
Data Pairs
17
15
18
19
19
5
Regression Equation
AVC= 0.9 + 0.97*AVS
AVC= 0.9 + 0.44*AVS
AVC= 0.6 + 0.64*AVS
AVC= 2.7 + 0.54*AVS
AVC= 4.4 + 0.81*AVS
AVC= 0.3 + 1.05*AVS
* Only those regressions for which the correlation coefficient (R-SQ)
exceeds 0.50 are shown here.
Note: AVC - Study site eight-hour average for 10:00 a.m. -
6:00 p.m.
AVS - State site (permanent monitor) eight-hour average
for 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.
R_SQ - The square of the correlation coefficient for the
linear regression equation. The confidence interval
varies with the number of data pairs. For 15 data
pairs, the confidence interval for R-SQ =0.49 would
be about .084 to 0.79.
6:00 p.m. period by 50% or more on eight days of the study. (See Appen-
dix D). These included sites 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 20, 25, 32 and 32B
and days 11/25, 12/02, 12/06, 12/12, 12/13, 12/14, 12/16, and 12/20. Thus
concentrations below the standard at the state site may not represent com-
pliance with standards at these and, possibly, other sites on the same day.
SUMMARY
The most important results from the outdoor site portion of the Boise study
are summarized below:
45
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1. Based on review of all the study data, sites 1, 10A, 11, 13, 17, 24, and
32 had eight-hour, AM, and PM maximums at sometime which exceeded the high-
est value of the state site data observed during weekdays of the study per-
iod.
2. Concentrations of carbon monoxide are generally higher and more fre-
quently higher on Idaho Street west of Eighth Street (site 32) than at the
permanent monitor.
3. Concentrations exceeded the 9.0 ppm standard and were at the same time
50% greater than at the state site at several sites.
4. On the day when the greatest composite average occurred, the majority of
sites (which were widespread through the study area) experienced concentra-
tions above the 9.0 ppm standard which is not to be exceeded more than once
per year-
5. The highest eight-hour average concentration, 17.2 ppm, was at site 32
(Idaho Street w/o Eighth Street) on December 22, 1977. This site also
experienced the most frequent occurrence of concentrations above 9.0 ppm.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the data in this study; the Idaho and Main thoroughfares and various
of their adjacent cross-streets from Capitol to l6th clearly have poor exist-
ing air quality that appears to be in violation of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards for carbon monoxide. At least two of the main roads carry-
ing traffic to and from the benches south of town also experience probable
46
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violations of the standard north of their intersections with Myrtle (Capitol
and Broadway). One site in the general vicinity of the proposed western por-
tion of the Broadway-Chinden corridor (Front west of 15th) and 23rd north of
Fairview also have poor air quality.
Increasing local vehicle emissions in these (and possibly other) areas would
very probably worsen existing problems at the identified sites, unless a very
substantial reduction in areawide emissions is achieved. The relative con-
tribution of the 'background and local sources to concentrations of carbon
monoxide at various sites should be examined before allowing any increase in
local emissions in blocks where violations now occur- Unless a reduction in
the background concentration which is sufficient to offset the increase due
to increased local source emissions can be demonstrated, actions which in-
crease local emissions should be avoided if air quality improvement is a
desired objective.
The following conclusions and recommendations are offered:
1. Data from this study suggest that the magnitude of the carbon monoxide
problem may be somewhat greater than previously thought. For example, con-
centrations on Idaho west of Eighth appear to be fairly consistently higher
than at the permanent monitor.
2. The spatial extent of the carbon monoxide problem encompasses widespread
sites through the study area.
47
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3. Concentrations above 9.0 ppm at the permanent monitor are indicative of
elevated carbon monoxide levels elsewhere in the study area.
4. When concentrations are below the standard at the permanent monitor, car-
bon monoxide levels at other locations (even nearby) may exceed the standard
and be well over 50$ greater than at the 115? Ninth Street monitor.
Regarding candidate sites for routine monitoring, the following recommenda-
tions are made:
1. Of the various study sites, the location most likely to represent peak
carbon monoxide concentrations from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. would be site 32
on the north side of Idaho west of Eighth. Shoppers and office workers con-
tribute to the relatively high pedestrian traffic along this block, which
contains various stores and office buildings nearby. Site 10A on the south
side of Idaho may experience similar concentrations with similar population
exposure.
2. Observations on other candidate monitoring sites are:
Site 11 - This location on Ninth north of Idaho frequently experienced
high concentrations of carbon monoxide and values were not
well-correlated with those at the permanent monitor.
Site 18 - Jhis site or another one on Main Street (e.g., site 20) may
«P
experience high concentrations which are not well-correlated
with those at the permanent monitor. However, pedestrian
traffic at site 18 appears to be relatively light.
48
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Site 1 - Although this location on Broadway north of Myrtle frequently
experienced high CO levels, pedestrian traffic is light in
this area. However, an office building on the west side of
Broadway may draw ventilation air from the vicinity of this
site. Data from this location may or may not be representa-
tive of nearby concentrations elsewhere. Heavy commuter traf-
fic queues at the Broadway/Myrtle intersection and emissions
from idling vehicles probably contributed to the observed
levels. Such emissions may have dispersed more readily where
buildings were absent or further set-back from the roadway.
Consequently, additional sampling to examine the distribution
of CO in this area would be desirable before establishing a
permanent monitor here.
49
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INDOOR SITES
Although no standards exist for exposure of the general public to carbon
monoxide in air within buildings, it is of interest to know what levels
exist indoors*. Many people spend significant amounts of time inside. Con-
sequently, the combined effects of exposure both indoors and outside deserve
consideration for a significant portion of the population. Although carbon
monoxide levels indoors may be elevated at times due to non-vehicle sources
(e.g., smoking tobacco, incomplete fuel combustion, etc.), several studies
in other cities have shown that even in the absence of such sources, high
carbon monoxide concentrations indoors may occur when outside levels are
high.
For each of six locations, a brief survey of indoor levels of carbon monoxide
was conducted simultaneously with measurements of outside levels at a nearby
site. This section outlines the methods and results of this study. Because
only ten or fewer days of data were obtained at any location, statistical
correlations with outdoor sites were not attempted.
METHOD OF STUDY
For two locations at a time, continuous monitoring equipment as well as a
bag sampling unit was placed indoors in an area remote from potential local-
ized sources of carbon monoxide (such as cigarette smokers). Operation was
However, guidelines have been developed for ventilation air quality as
ASHRAE Standard 62-73 which is used by architects and engineers. That
standard for maximum allowable contaminant concentrations for ventilation
air establishes an annual arithmetic average (17.5 ppm), and an eight-hour
average not to be exceeded more than once per year (26 ppm). These and
other standards are discussed in EPA-600/7-78-027, Survey of Indoor Air
Quality Health Criteria and Standards, March 1978.
50
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during the same periods as for the outdoor sites; i.e., weekdays from
10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. with bag samples from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. (AM
sample) and from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. (PM sample). Determination of carbon
monoxide by both methods provided an internal check on the data and a "back-
up" to minimize periods of unmeasured levels. The bag sampling units were
similar to those used outdoors.
Site Selection
Figure 18 and Table 11 describe the locations of the indoor sites and adja-
cent outdoor sites. One site was a hotel, and four sites were retail stores
(including a large department store) in the central downtown area within a
few blocks of the permanent monitor. The sixth site, a hospital, is about a
mile east of the monitor in a generally residential area where a number of
other health care facilities, associated businesses, and professional offices
are found.
Factors considered in site selection included: proximity to an outdoor study
site, air intakes and ventilation, heating system (fuel combustion on premi-
ses), building uses, and size and height of the building. Within the build-
ing, the sampling equipment was placed to avoid tobacco smoke and provide
convenient access for site attendants in areas normally used by the building
occupants or in areas of air flow from normally used areas. At one site,
BINS, after sampling for three days, the use of small acetylene torches in a
nearby room was discovered. Although acetylene, if present in the sampling
area, was probably adequately removed by the charcoal filter in the sampling
51
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Table 11. Indoor Site Characteristics
Site Address
BIN1 Main & 10th
BIN2 130 E. Bannock
BINS Idaho & 9th
BIN4 109 N. 9th
BIN5 114 N. 9th
BIN6 100 N. 8th
Business
Hotel
Hospital
Retail Jeweler's
Retail Fabrics
Retail Sewing
Department Store
Building Height
6 Floors
3 Floors
2 Floors
2 Floors
2 Floors
2 Floors
Sample Location
6th Floor - Stairway with air
exchange from elevator shaft.
2nd Floor - Supply room in West
Wing.
2nd Floor - Open hall at
top of stairs.
1st Floor - Shopping Area
1st Floor - Shopping Area
1st Floor - Shopping Area
-------
train, this site was abandoned because acetylene is a potentially interfering
substance for CO analysis by Ecolyzers. However, data from this site are
included here.
Sample Collection and Analysis
For continuous monitoring, one of two modified Ecolyzers (Model 2100 with
0-100 ppm range) was used at each site with a 0-1 volt DC strip chart recor-
der (similar to those used to record analyses of bag samples for outdoor
sites). The principal modification of the Ecolyzer was an automatic elec-
tronic zero at about once per hour. The sampling train consisted of a glass
fiber particle filter; a granular charcoal filter; an interference filter
assembly (manufacturer's standard); and a humidity bottle before the pump
inlet. The analyzer was spanned with a certified primary standard carbon
monoxide/air gas mixture (20.0 ppm) and zeroed manually at least once daily.
After any necessary adjustments were made, the equipment was re-checked a
minute or two later. Linearity was checked on each instrument and appeared
to be generally satisfactory.
The contractor collected and analyzed indoor bag samples using the same type
of equipment used for outdoor sites and attended the continuous monitors but
did not reduce the strip chart records to average concentrations. EPA per-
sonnel manually read each strip chart (tape) and calculated hourly average
concentrations which were the basis for 4-hour AM and PM averages. No eight-
hour average was calculated if fewer than seven hours of the record were
available.
53
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Two objectives of the indoor study were: 1) to compare concentration indoors
with those at adjacent outdoor sites; and 2) to determine the range of indoor
concentrations experienced at various indoor sites. Because of the limited
scope and duration of the sampling effort, no statistical comparisons were
attempted. Indoor/outdoor comparisons of each site's eight-hour averages
each day are shown in Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22. The hourly averages for
the day of the highest eight-hour average for which continuous analyzer
records were available is also shown for each site to illustrate the daily
patterns. (Concentrations were rounded to the nearest 0.5 ppm for plotting).
Table 12 shows the range of concentrations at each indoor site. A summary
of hourly data and bag sample data for each day is contained in Appendix D.
Four of the six indoor sites appeared to have experienced carbon monoxide
concentrations exceeding the outdoor eight-hour standard of 9.0 ppm. The
highest indoor eight-hour averages for the hotel site, the retail jeweler's
store, the sewing store (opposite the state monitor), and the department
store were about 1 to 2 ppm above the outdoor standard . The lowest measured
eight-hour averages were about 2 ppm. The hospital site may have experienced
even lower concentrations. However, on the day when the AM sampling indica-
ted nearly undetectable levels, no valid PM sample was obtained.
From Figures 19 through 22, a general correspondence between the eight-hour
average at indoor sites and adjacent outdoor sites can be seen for most
sites. For BIN1, the hotel site, any correspondence is less evident (Fig-
ure 19), partly due to gaps in the data and partly due to the sample loca-
tion. Air sampled on the sixth floor of this hotel no doubt included air
54
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Ui
Ol
Table 12. Range of Concentrations Observed at Boise Indoor Sites!/
(CO in ppm)
AM Averagef:/ PM Average!/ 8-Hour AverageZ/
Site
BIN1
BIN2
BIN3
BIN4
BIN5
BIN6
Location
Hotel
Hospital
Jeweler ' s
Fabric Store
Sewing
Department
Store
Minimum - Maximum
6.4? _ 8.5B
0.2? - 9.1B
2.8? _ 10. 1B
2.2B - 5.2?
2.8B - 11. 1B
1.8B - 10. 1B
Minimum - Maximum Minimum - Maximum
3.7?
1.8?
2.0?
6.3B
3.0B
2.1B
- 11. 5B
- 6.0B
- 12.7?
- 7.2?
- 10. 5B
- 12.6?
5.0? - 10. 0B
2.0? - 5.0B
2.4Bi? - 10. 8B
H.2B - 6.4?
2.9B - 10. 8B
2.0B - 11.1?
T - Based on tape record from a continuous analyzer
B - Based on bag sample
1. Sampling occurred over different days at these sites.
2. AM - 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
3. PM - 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.
4. Eight-hour average - 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
-------
entering at that level and other above ground levels so that correspondence
with a single ground level site might be expected to be relatively poor.
On November 28, 1977, the indoor concentrations exceeded the low concentra-
tions observed at the adjacent site on the southwest part of the block,
site 14. However, much higher concentrations were then occurring very near
the State site at site 13 • (The hotel is on the southwest of the rectangu-
lar city block and the permanent site is on the northeast). Comparisons on
that date indicate some disparity between the data obtained by bag sampling
(5.8 ppm) and by tape records (4.3 ppm), but only seven hours of records
rather than 8 were available.
Figure 19 shows the pattern of CO at this location on the day of the maximum
eight-hour tape average - about 7 ppm. Concentrations gradually decreased
from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and then rose for 5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. which
probably encompassed the evening peak traffic. Although this may or may not
have been typical of other days, it does suggest that vehicle emissions were
at least partially responsible for the late afternoon increase in CO within
the hotel. Unfortunately, no tape record was available for December 2, when
indoor bag sampling showed an eight-hour average of about 10 ppm - above the
standard for outdoor air. Recall that on this day, many outdoor sites ex-
perienced high carbon monoxide levels.
Figure 20 illustrates the data for the hospital site (BIN2) and the nearest
outdoor site (29A) which was one street block south and on the opposite side
of the street except on the first day November 25, 1977, when a nearer loca-
tion was monitored. On the day when the highest indoor concentrations were
56
-------
observed (December 2), the hourly average concentrations began rising at
noon and were greatest in the late afternoon. On this day, indoor concen-
•
trations were also high at the hotel site (previously discussed) and at other
outdoor sites, which suggests a widespread phenomenon of higher emissions
and/or less favorable meteorology for dispersion of pollutants.
At the building on the northeast corner of Ninth and Idaho, Site BINS, data
were obtained only for three days. Adequate strip chart records were ob-
tained only on the day of the lowest eight-hour average (2.4 ppm). These
hourly data are not plotted. However, comparisons between the outdoor site
on Ninth north of Idaho (Site 11) and this indoor site are shown in Table 13-
Data for site 32 (around the block on Idaho west of Eighth Street) appear for
comparison, but do not seem to correlate as well with this indoor site. This
was not surprising because it is thought that the major intake of air to this
portion of the building was from the Ninth Street side.
Table 13. Bag Sample Data for Site BIN3 and Site 11
Eight-Hour Average CO, ppm
Site 32 Outdoors
11.1
8.7
8.7
a. Indoor tape averaged 2.4 ppm, also.
For the small fabric shop (site BIN4) in the same street block as the state's
permanent monitor and on the same (west) side of Ninth Street, only two days'
of comparable indoor and outdoor data (Site 13) were obtained. On both days,
57
Date
12/6
12/7
12/8
Site BIN3 Indoors
10.8
2.4a
5.4
Site 11 Outdoors
13.3
2.0
4.1
-------
concentrations indoors were less than outdoors*. Another day's strip chart
record indicated an indoor eight-hour average of 6.4 ppm, but no eight-hour
•
data were available then for Site 13.
Figure 21 shows corresponding indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide concentra-
tions in bag samples for the sewing shop (site BIN5), and site 9. These
sites are also in the same block as the state's monitor but across the
street. Here, the highest indoor eight-hour average concentration, 10.8 ppm
on December 12, 1977, was essentially the same as outdoors (10.9 ppm). Data
from Site 13 and the State site indicated much lower concentrations just
across the street (6.3 and 5.4 ppm, respectively) for that same day.
This non-uniformity of carbon monoxide concentrations within a single city
block suggests that data from single monitoring sites needs careful evalu-
ation. Although concentrations were relatively moderate at the state moni-
tor, concentrations above 9.0 ppm were occurring across the street.
Figure 22 shows the general correspondence between indoor concentrations at
the department store on Eighth north of Main (BIN6), and nearly equal to
somewhat higher outdoor concentrations at Site 7. On December 22, when this
site's highest indoor eight-hour average concentration (11.1 ppm) was ob-
served, the hourly average rose from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., dropped
slightly between 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and rose sharply from 5:00 p.m. to
6:00 p.m. to its highest recorded level (14.6 ppm). No data were available
for the adjacent outdoor site on this day. However, the state site's highest
* On December 6, 1977, the indoor value was 5.8 compared to 7.2 ppm out-
doors; on December 7, 1977, the indoor value was 4.2 ppm compared to
6.5 ppm outdoors.
58
-------
eight-hour average during the survey for 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (13-7 ppm)
occurred then; the highest hourly average during that period was from
5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. (23 ppm) and was over twice the hourly averages early
in the period.
SUMMARY
The data strongly suggest a close relationship between increases in indoor
concentrations and in outdoor concentrations nearby. For the selected pairs
of study sites, the indoor concentrations were usually lower, sometimes
nearly equal, and rarely higher. Even on the highest floor of a six-story
building, indoor concentrations may occasionally equal or exceed the outdoor
standard (site BIN1) as was also true for the main floors of a large depart-
ment store (site BIN6) and of a small shop (site BIN5) and the second floor
of another building (Site BIN3). The rise in indoor CO concentrations in
the late afternoon suggests traffic emission influences.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The brief study in Boise at paired outdoor and indoor sites with insignifi-
cant indoor generation of CO suggests the following conclusions:
1. Population exposure to carbon monoxide concentrations within buildings
is likely to increase with increased traffic emissions of CO.
2. Frequently the changes in nearby outdoor concentrations are reflected by
changes in indoor concentrations of CO. Concentrations are^sually
lower indoors.
59
-------
3. The relationship of outdoor to indoor concentrations is not constant.
It may 'vary from site pair to site pair and from day-to-day.
4. Indoors, the eight-hour average concentration of carbon monoxide may
exceed 9-0 ppm at times.
The following recommendation is also based on the indoor/outdoor part of the
study:
For outdoor sites where the CO standard is violated, the possibility of
similar indoor concentrations within nearby buildings should be considered
if assessing the population exposure represented by the monitor. (The vari-
able relationship of outdoor to indoor levels should be kept in mind).
60
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PEDESTRIAN ROUTES
A minor effort to characterize breathing air of pedestrians within the Boise
central business area was also undertaken during the survey of outdoor sites.
This section describes the method of 'study and discusses results. Because
the sampling periods were variable (two to four hours long), data are not
strictly comparable to data from the outdoor sites in most cases.
METHOD OF STUDY
Two individuals were instructed to choose separate routes within a defined
area of the city as an ordinary pedestrian might choose to do. These sep-
arate routes (designated "A" and "B") were always within the area between
Washington and Myrtle Streets and 5th and 16th Streets. For the last
10 days, sub-areas were such that route A was west of 9th and east of 16th
Streets. Route B was east of 9th and west of 5th Streets. Both were between
Washington and Front Streets. Each individual marked his/her exact route
for each period on a map and completed a record sheet to note times and
locations, especially of times spent inside buildings in the area.
Carbon monoxide levels were obtained by two methods for two periods daily.
For Route A, the "AM" period was generally from about 11:00 a.m. through
1:30 p.m. (about 2J hours); the "PM" period was generally from about
2:30 a.m. through 5:30 p.m. (also 2J hours). For Route B, the "AM" period
was generally from about 9:^5 a.m. through V30 p.m. (about 3J hours) and
the "PM" period from 1:40 p.m. to 5:20 p.m. (about 3i hours). Although there
were several exceptions, the total sampling time represented by the average
61
-------
of the AM and PM samples was typically about 5£ hours on Route A and about
1\ hours on Route B. Time differences were due ,to the contractor's need of
these same sampling personnel for other duties during the day. However, the
study plan had been to collect samples along pedestrian routes at the same
time that the outdoor stations were operating and, if followed, this would
have facilitated data evaluations.
The two methods of obtaining data were: (1) bag sampling using the same type
of pump employed at the stationary outdoor sites; and (2) instantaneous
analysis using a portable CO personnel monitor (Hipster 6000, Energetics
Science, Inc., Elmsford, New York). The principal method involved collection
of an integrated air sample at a few inches below the breathing level as the
person traversed the area. He/she also carried the portable analyzer and
observed readings of the analyzer for a few minutes about every twenty min-
utes to determine the maximum, minimum, and "average" concentration at the
location which was then recorded on the field sheet. Individuals were per-
mitted to spend some time inside buildings, but instructed to avoid cigarette
and cigar smoke as these extraneous sources of carbon monoxide are unrelated
to vehicular emissions. In some instances, the sample pump was briefly*
turned off to avoid such smoke.
Review of the field records indicated frequent difficulties in maintaining
calibration of the portable analyzer throughout the sampling period and
often field personnel failed to record calibrations at the end of the sam-
pling period. Consequently, the detailed portable analyzer data is not
presented in this report as few adequate records were obtained.
62
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Correlations between Route A and Route B samples for morning, afternoon, and
combined averages of morning and afternoon samples were examined. A sur-
prisingly high degree of correlation between the combined averages was
indicated (Table 14) in view of the differences on each day between the time
periods and locations of samples of Route A and Route B as well as the
day-to-day variations in the length of samples (particularly on Route A) and
location. The linear regression equation for the daily combined average of
morning and afternoon samples from Route A (AAV) expressed as a function of
the daily combined average from Route B (BAV) explained about Q5% of the
variation in the data (square of the correlation coefficient = .85 with a
95$ confidence interval of about 0.64 to 0.94). Correlations between routes
for the same part of the day (AAM vs BAM and APM vs BPM) were greater than
between parts of the day for the same route (AAM vs APM and BAM vs BPM).
This suggests that influences such as meteorological and traffic conditions
varied between morning and afternoon in a less consistent manner than such
influences varied within a particular two to four hour period in the morning
(or afternoon) throughout the downtown area. The higher correlations of the
combined averages also suggests that variations in carbon monoxide exposure
to pedestrians who traverse the area of downtown Boise studied here are more
dependent on the particular day (and, perhaps, individual) than upon the
particular route.
Samples were not of crsjistant duration from day to day. The measured concen-
trations ranged from about 3.9 ppm (Route B - 12/13/77 AM sample) to 14.0 ppm
(Route A - 11/25/77 - PM sample). The difference between averages of morning
samples for Route A and Route B never exceeded 2 ppm and seldom exceeded
63
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Table 14. Regression Equations For Pedestrian Data
Relationship
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
. Regression Eq.
AAM=
BAM =
AAM =
APM =
AAV =
1.85 + .
2.17 +
1.1 + .
1.98 +
.96 +.
70APM
. 55BPM
90BAM
.72BPM
88BAV
No. Indexl/ 95% Cli/
of Data
Pairs
18
18
18
17
17
R-SQ R-SQ
.46 .1 -.7
.37 .03 -.7
.70 .4 -.9
.73 ^ .4 - .9
.85 .64 - .94
95% CI
A
1.
2.
0.
1.
0.
00
04
44
35
52
- 2.
- 2.
- 1.
- 2.
- 1.
70
30
77
61
39
95% CI
B
0.30
0.19
0.59
0.47
0.68
- 1.09
- 0.92
- 1.2
- 0.97
- 1.09
1. The square of the correlation coefficient, R-SQ, for the linear regression equation.
2. The values for the 95% confidence intervals for R-SQ were interpolated from a table of
confidence intervals for R and based on the number of data pairs used for formulation of
the regression equation.
Note: AAM - Morning samples on Route A
BAM - Morning samples on Route B
APM - Afternoon samples on Route A
BPM - Afternoon samples on Route B
AAV - Average of AAM and APM
BAV - Average of BAM and BPM
-------
1.0 ppm. The same was true for afternoon samples. This suggests examination
of whether individual behavior patterns in traversing the area have relative-
ly little effect on the carbon monoxide exposures.
It should be remembered that the pedestrian samples were not necessarily
collected during the evening peak traffic. Unfortunately, the way the con-
tractor carried out this part of the study did not permit easy comparisons.
For future studies, it is recommended that a minimum of two persons and four
pumps be allocated on a full-time basis to a similar pedestrian exposure
study of two routes. Sampling periods should remain fixed from day-to-day
and routes should be well-defined in advance as to the amount of time to be
spent in a certain area. (In this study, three persons conducted all sam-
pling and analytical work for both the pedestrian, outdoor, and indoor
sites.)
For the pedestrian data from the November - December 1977 survey, the most
important conclusions are:
1. For sampling periods ranging from about two to four hours, the carbon
monoxide exposures of individuals acting as ordinary pedestrians varied
from 3-9 ppm to 14 ppm.
2. On some days the average carbon monoxide exposure for an eight-hour
period may exceed 9.0 ppm for a pedestrian visiting buildings in the
^ downtown area. This is suggested by averages equal or above 9.0 ppm for
nearly sequential sampling periods totaling seven hours or more on each
of four days (11/25, 11/29, 12/6, and 12/22).
65
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. If another study of pedestrian exposure using small pumps and bags is
undertaken, the data should again be gathered during the late fall or
winter. Periods of expected traffic congestion from Christmas shopping
should again be examined as values would be expected to be higher then.
2. Such a study should attempt to characterize carbon monoxide concentra-
tions on a one-hour (clock-hour basis) so that data may be correlated
with the state's permanent monitor. A consecutive eight hours should be
examined each day.
3. Routes should be well-defined in advance both as to location and duration
of traversing the route. This will at least eliminate these factors as
variables.
'\
4. Field crew records should be checked daily for completeness and accuracy
by the field manager.
5. If selected for use, the portable analyzers should be calibrated at a
minimum of hourly. Annotated strip chart records should be obtained for
each set of readings.
6. Bag sampling would be preferred as the equipment is simpler to operate
and it is simpler to reduce data from analyses of integrated samples
than from strip chart recordings.
66
-------
FIGURES
67
-------
68
-------
FIGURE 1
Boise Carbon Monoxide Study
Location of EPA Sampling Sites
11725/77 to 12/22/77
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
State Site* Data Summary
November 1975 - February 1978
"Located at 115 ft N. 9th (Odd Fellows Building)
Figure 2
Characteristics of One-Hour and
Eight-Hour Averages at the State Site
50
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70
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• Maximum one-hour average (ppm)
• Number of days at least one
eight-hour average greater than 9.0 ppm
• Maximum eight-hour average (ppm)
• Mean + one standard deviation
Z\ Mean of one-hour average (ppm)
— Mean - one standard deviation
* - one week data gap
** - two week data gap
All figures rounded to nearest whole number
I
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun* Jul** Aug" Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
MONTH
71
-------
72
-------
FIGURE 3
Boise Carbon Monoxide
State Site* Data Summary
For the November - December
Periods in 1975, 1976 and 1977
1975 Data
— — — 1976 Data
........ 1977 Data
•Located at 115V4 N. 9th (Odd Fellows Building)
Figure
Time Distribution of 8-Hour Averages Over 9.0 ppm
During November - December
(By Ending Hour)
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ENDING HOUR
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
November 25 to December 22, 1977
(Weekdays Only)
FIGURE 4
Characteristics of Weekday Carbon Monoxide Average Concentrations for
an Eight-Hour Period (10:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M.) at Each Site.
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-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
November 25 to December 22, 1977
(Weekdays Only)
FIGURE 5
Characteristics of Weekday Carbon Monoxide Average Concentrations for
the "A.M." Four-Hour Period (10:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M.) at Each Site.
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-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
November 25 to December 22, 1977
(Weekdays Only)
FIGURE 6
Characteristics of Weekday Carbon Monoxide Average Concentrations for
the "P.M." Four-Hour Period (2:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M.) at Each Site.
20.0 -j
— . 15.0-
O.
a.
z
z
o
£1
< 10.0-
|3E
Z
111
u
z
o
u
8 5°-
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•
•
^
M
1
^
_ n
MIH
T
2
3
oj
3
& t
C
J
•1
£
mm
•
*
••
4
5
r
^m
^B
A
O
T
•§
•
T
5 6
n
n
1
•i
pM
^
2
T
••
•
c
«
^
A
O
^
'T
•
789
c -c -^
?
cS g
£ /
^M
A
O
T
^
£
^O
•
\
T
10A' 11
•
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12
s-
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•
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1
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1
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^ . A ° A A
n T
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3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
^O o .$ *~ "• ^ *~
J?
fh ip
^ /
.
* $
f
78
-------
o
A
T
Maximum
Mean + one standard deviation
Median
Mean
Mean - one standard deviation
Minimum
* Sites - first 10 days
** Sites - last 10 days
•
•
A
O
T
mm.
mm
A
O
T
•
i
•
^
O
T
mt
•
A
O
T
mm
A
li
0
A
1 O
T
A
0
mmmt
1
6
mmmm
1
9.
L\
T
^
2
A
O
mmmt
0
A
mi
mi
i
J^
a
T
A
mmmm
mi
c
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T
J.
o
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T
Cx
T
m
C
I
m
>
i
mt
Ml
-i20.0
- 15.0
- 10.0
5.0
21 22 23 24 25 26 27A* 27B«* 28A* 288"* 29A" 29B* 30A* 30B- 31 A* 31B" 32 32B" 33A* 338'* ODD
Permanent Monitor
* / ,* $ *
O) S «o -? _
-S
c £•
.^ &
*
SITE NUMBER
§ > ^
Jy O (&
co 3 co"
79
•c: -C1
* Jf
cl
Note: Number of successful samples varies from site to site
-------
F10 Scale in PPM CO
-0
FIGURE 7
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
11/25/77 to 12/22/77
BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
MAXIMUM 8-HOUR1 VALUES FOR ENTIRE
SAMPLING INTERVAL
0 Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77)
| Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
I Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
Ed
I Black Denotes Values Greater than 9 PPM CO
110 AM TO 6 PM
-------
r 100 Scale %
- 50
FIGURE 8
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
11/25/77 to 12/22/77
BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
FREQUENCY1 OF 8-HOUR2 VALUES GREATER
THAN 9.0 PPM
U Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77 - 12/22/77)
Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
I Black Denotes Frequencies Greater than 25%
BOUNDED TO NEAREST 5%
10 AM TO 6 PM
-------
82
-------
-10
-0
Scale in PPM CO
FIGURE 9 I
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
st. 11725 777 to 12/22/77
0A^ ^ BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
,DAH° ST SECOND HIGHEST 8-HOUR1 VALUES FOR
MAiN sT ENTIRE SAMPLING INTERVAL
[] Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77 - 12/22/77)
1 Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
I Black Denotes Values Greater than 9 PPM CO
AM TO 6 PM
-------
10
Scale in PPM CO
-0
BAN
N°C
ID
FIGURE 10
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
K^T. 11/25/77 to 12/22/77
sT BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
AH° MAXIMUM 4-HOUR AM1 VALUES FOR ENTIRE
MAIN S1 SAMPLING INTERVAL
[) Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77 - 12/22/77)
I Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
Black Denotes Values Greater than 9 PPM CO
RIVER ST
1 10 AM TO 2 PM
-------
;10 Scale in PPM CO
0
FIGURE 11 i
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
11/25/77 to 12/22/77
BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
MAXIMUM 4-HOUR PM1 VALUES FOR ENTIRE
SAMPLING INTERVAL
\\ Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77 - 12/22/77)
| Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
| Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
I Black Denotes Values Greater than 9 PPM CO
2 PM TO 6 PM
-------
86
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
November 25 to December 22, 1977
FIGURE 12 |
Characteristics by Day of the Composite Range of Carbon Monoxide
Concentrations for all Sites During an Eight-Hour Period.
(10A.M. to 6 P.M.)
O
A
Mean +. one standard deviation
Median
• Mean
• Mean - one standard deviation
Minimum
Permanent Monitor
20.0 -i-
00
15.0 - -
GHT-HOUR
ENTRATION
0
b
E
O
z
o
o
o
o
5.0 - -
*
••li.
O
i
T
i-A
a
T
6
T
11/25 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1 12/2 12/5 12/6 12/7 12/8 12/9 12/12 12/13 12/14 12/15 12/16 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22
DATE (1977)
-------
00
00
Boise Carbon Monoxide Maximum
November 25 to December 22, 1977
_L
FIGURE 13
Characteristics by Day of the Composite Range of Carbon Monoxide O
Concentrations for all Sites During the "A.M." Four-Hour Period. A
(10:00 A.M. to 2 P.M. L_
- — Mean + . one standard deviation
KA-..-I:**.*
. _
Mean - one standard deviation
T
| Minimum
\
20.0 -i
I
o! 15-° "
z
AM
0 CONCENTRATION 1
01 0
b b
i i t
O
1
-
_J_
iNnj. § A IJL A
§ATOnDnfl,l,i/nfl fltl
T/\ ^"^ 1 *"^ • t * f**i i\ ', * i™^n
r m A y ' A A
V V 'V % rTn-TH
T TV T P7T]fTTY
i i
«
*
*
• I •••''
1. 1 .••_]_ ^
* ^M^^B * VV
& Q 6
rVT
i i i i i i i i i i i i I i I I I 1 i
11/25 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1 12/2 12/5 12/6 12/7 12/8 12/9 12/12 12/13 12/14 12/15 12/16 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22
DATE (1977)
-------
00
Boise Carbon Monoxide
November 25 to December 22, 1977
FIGURE 14
Characteristics by Day of the Composite Range of Carbon Monoxide
Concentrations for all Sites During the "P.M." Four-Hour Period.
(2P.M. to 6 P.M.
20.0 -•
I
Ol 15.0 -
Z
z
o
sl-
f < 10.0 -
Q-OC
H
Z
CO CONCE
CJl
b
i
ft/I 3 jttmu m
ean + . one standard deviation
O Median
AM
1 Wl
ean
^inimum
**• p.
^ r(
jJ-
i™~^ ww ' i
• : 4, s
/ • • fl ;••
» , * • •
* • •
ff\ (i. ,« '. r-L| .* *U — • •
.* •• • r^ ." » .*' • " "
•fl *' • .nr -A < '*'* **• H-i •" *•
»• p'n ". ' *• .' r*-\' •" • r1
TA ^6I 6'v 'fl^'x fltt'
1 g D U Tn A Qh v a ^
* •
• .
; •
«* ;
• *
• *
"I * * r*
irmanent Monitor
-.
1 '
%
»
•
»
*
*
-------
r-10
-0
Scale in PPM CO
FIGURE 15
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
11/25/77 to 12/22/77
BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
|DAH° b' AVERAGE OF EACH SITE'S 8-HOUR1 VALUES
sT FOR ENTIRE SAMPLING INTERVAL
[] Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77 - 12/22/77)
| Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
| Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
\ Black Denotes Values Greater than 9 PPM CO
110 AM TO 6 PM
-------
^10 Scale in PPM CO
No monitoring data for these sites this date 2
FIGURE 16 |
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
11/25/77 to 12/22/77
BOISE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
DAY1 OF HIGHEST AVERAGE OVER ALL SITES
[| Denotes 20-Day Sites (11/25/77 - 12/22/77)
| Denotes First 10-Day Sites (11/25/77-12/8/77)
| Denotes Last 10-Day Sites (12/9/77 - 12/22/77)
I Black Denotes Values Greater than 9 PPM CO
110 AM TO 6 PM
12/2/77
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
FIGURE 17
Characteristics of 5 Sites'
Having Highest2 Frequency of Occurence
As Daily Maximum
1 Sites 1. 11, 13, 32, 10A
2 Site 32 Highest
Site of Maximum 8-Hour Average
• Site 32 8-Hour Average
• Median (Middle Two Averaged When
Even Number of Samples)
• Minimum Among 5 Sites (1, 11, 13, 32, 10A)
Values rounded to nearest 0.5
20
01
CD
Ill Q_
32=
18
O^
Hgio
i|
DCZ
DUJ
o
10A
13
o
O
A
O
A
11/25* 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1 12/2 12/5*' 12/6 12/7 12/8 12/9' 12/12 12/13 12/14 12/15 12/16 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22
DATE
20
--10
"No sample site 13
' No sample site 11
-------
INDOOR SITE
ADDRESS
BUSINESS
BIN 1 MAIN & 10th
BIN 2 130 E. BANNOCK
BIN 3 IDAHO & 9th
BIN 4 109 N. 9th
BIN 5 114 N. 9th
BIN 6 100 N. 8th
HOTEL
HOSPITAL
RETAIL JEWELER
RETAIL FABRICS
RETAIL SEWING
DEPT. STORE
FIGURE 18
Boise Carbon Monoxide Study
INDOOR SITE LOCATIONS
11/25/77 to 12/22/77
ST/.TE
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
Indoor Site Summary
FIGURE 19
Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations'
At the BIN 12 Site
1 Rounded lo nearest 0 5
2 Hotel at Main and lOlh
20-
o.
a.
O
O
u.
O
z
O
cc
h-
UJ
O
Z
O
O
10-
_L
_L
11/25 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1 12/2
DATE
1 Indoor Tape 8-Hour Average
Indoor Bag 8-Hour Average
Adjacent Outdoor Site (14)
8-Hour Average
Data Gap
20
10
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
SAMPLING HOURS FOR DAY OF MAXIMUM
8-HOUR TAPE AVERAGE
•Insufficient data
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
Indoor Site Summary
FIGURE 20
Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations'
At the BIN 22 Site
1 Rounded lo nearest 0.5
2 Hospilal al 130 E Bannock
20-
Ul
Q.
Q.
O
O
u.
O
z
g
<
cc
I-
LLI
O
z
o
o
10'
J.
J.
_L
11/25 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1 12/2
DATE
12/5
Indoor Tape 8-Hour Average
Indoor Bag 8-Hour Average
' Adjacent Outdoor Site (29-A)
8-Hour Average
Data Gap
20
10
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
SAMPLING HOURS FOR DAY OF MAXIMUM
8-HOUR TAPE AVERAGE (12/2/77)
•Insufficient data
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
Indoor Site Summary
FIGURE 21
Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations1
At the BIN 52 Site
Indoor Bag 8-Hour Average
Adjacent Outdoor Site (9) 8-Hour Average
Insufficient Indoor Tape Data for Plotting
1 Rounded to nearest 0.5
2 Retail sewing store at 114 N 9th
ON
20
Q.
Q.
O
O
LL
O
z
g
^ 10'
QC
I-
111
O
Z
o
o
.. \
\
\
\
'20
\/A-
12/12 12/13 12/14 12/15 12/16 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22
'Identical Indoor Bag and Outdoor Site Value
DATE
-------
Boise Carbon Monoxide
Indoor Site Summary
FIGURE 22
Characteristics of Indoor/Outdoor Concentrations'
At the BIN 62 Site
• Indoor Tape 8-Hour Average
' Indoor Bag 8-Hour Average
1 Adjacent Outdoor Site (7)
8-Hour Average
\ Rounded to nearest 0.5
2 Department store at 100 N. 8th
20'
VD
-•J
Q.
O.
O
O
u_
O
z
o
DC
J-
Z
UJ
O
z
o
o
_L
20
10
12/12 12/13 12/14 12/15 12/16 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22
DATE
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
SAMPLING HOURS FOR DAY OF MAXIMUM
8-HOUR TAPE AVERAGE
-------
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE
Carbon Monoxide Sampling Sites
Sampling Stations
Equipment Performance
D Outdoor Study Site and Permanent Monitor
Site Data
Traffic Flow Map
Indoor Site Data
98
-------
APPENDIX A
CARBON MONOXIDE SAMPLING SITES
-------
Site Identification
Boise Carbon Monoxide Study - November 25 through December 22, 1977
Site No.
Main St.
Cross St.
Side of St. Fixture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10A
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Broadway
Broadway
Capitol/7th
Capitol/7th
Capitol/7th
8th
8th
Main
9th
Idaho
9th
State
9th
Main
Main
10th
Idaho
Main
11th
Main
13th
Front
Main
16th
n/o Myrtle
n/o Broad
n/o College
n/o Broad
n/o Idaho
n/o Idaho
n/o Main
w/o 8th
n/o Main
w/o 8th
n/o Idaho
w/o 8th
n/o Main
w/o 9th
w/o 9th
n/o Idaho .
w/o 10th
w/o 10th
n/o Main
w/o 11th
n/o Idaho
w/o 15th
w/o 15th
n/o Main
W
E
E
W
W
E
E
N
E
S
E
S
W
N
S
W
S
N
W
S
E
N
S
W
utility pole
utility pole
light pole
light pole
parking meter 703
parking meter -683
parking meter 406
parking meter 340/
341
parking meter 432
light pole
light pole
other pole
light pole
other pole
light pole
616
parking meter 480/
481
light pole
light pole
parking meter 281
light pole
other pole
utility pole
utility pole
Comment
near Preco, Inc.
on Boise State Uni-
versity campus
near Stein McMurray
health food store
near Singer's
near Roper's
near camera shop
near Odd Fellows
Hall
5 min park
near One Capital
Center
near Nick's Shoe
Store
in front of Orient
East
in front of Owyhee
near CIT
-------
fc
hd
PI
25
26
27A
27B
28A
28B
29A
29B
30A
30 B
31A
31B
32
32B
33A
33B
PERMANENT
23rd
State
Capitol
13th
Main
16th
1st
State
Capitol
State
Capitol/7th
15th
Idaho
16th
9th
Grove
MONITOR (State
n/o Fairview
w/o 22nd
n/o College
n/o State
w/o Broadway
n/o State
n/o Idaho
w/o 18th
n/o Myrtle
w/o 25th
n/o Main
n/o Main
w/o 8th
n/o River Rd
n/o Main
w/o 11th
Site)
E
N
W
E
N
E
W
S
E
S
W
W
N
W
W
N
other pole
light pole
hotel sign pole
speed limit pole
other pole
other pole
light pole
fence post
parking meter 412
light pole
parking meter 38?
light pole
parking meter 662
parking meter 442
parking meter 96
near Kalbus
near Boulevard
Motel
near Boise High
School sports
field
no park, bike lane
sign
at Pepe's
directly across
from 25th
behind Buttrey's
behind Owyhee
ODD
9th
n/o Main
W
Odd Fellows Hall
near Site No. 13
-------
APPENDIX B
SAMPLING STATIONS
-------
SAMPLING STATIONS
Each sampling station used in the survey contained a removable sample pump
and a bag assembly. These were attached to a mounting arm to extend the
intake of the pump about one meter from a light pole, utility pole, or
parking meter which provided the basic support. These stations are
described as follows:
Sampling Station Parts
The sampler consists of three major parts:
1. The sample pump and bag assembly.
2. The bracket assembly which extends the pump and bag assembly meter
from the mounting unit over the sidewalk.
3. The mounting unit which attaches to a light pole or utility pole
or, with adaptations, to a parking meter. This unit holds the
entire sample pump/bag assembly and mounting arm at three meters
above ground level.
General
The major components are made of PVC plastic pipe that is readily available
from any plumbing supply house. The bag, which the gas samples are
collected in, is made of aluminized mylar, Tedlar or other suitable plastics
compatible with the gas to be collected. The capacity of the bags is
APPENDIX B
1
-------
slightly more than four liters. The pump is an EMI, portable pulse pump,
battery operated and adjusted to collect a gas sample at one/liter hour.
The theory of bag sampling requires pumping the sample of air into the bag
at a constant rate without filling the bag. Based on this theory, flow
adjustments are quite simple and require no flow meters, only visual
inspection to determine the quantity of air in the bag.
Sample Pump and Bag Assembly
The support assembly consists of two 4-inch diameter sewage and drain caps
(Part Nos. 15 and 16) that are held together on the edge by two 1/8-inch x
1/4-inch pop rivets. The pump is held in one cap by a 2-inch, 10-32 screw
which fits in the top of the EMI sample pump. To protect the pump, a shield
made of 4-inch diameter sewer and drain (S&D) pipe (Part No. 17) is slipped
into the 4-inch cap (Part No. 16). The shield can be removed for access to
the pump. The other 4-inch cap fits on top of the bag tube and thereby,
secures the pump to the bag assembly.
The rectangular bag (Part No. 25) is designed to fit into the 4-inch
diameter bag cylinder (Part No. 20) and is held in place by a Robert's
valve. One-inch high, four-inch long strips of 10-mil, clear, rigid plastic
(available at air supply stores) are placed across the width of the bag at
four equally spaced places with an additional one at the top and bottom for
a total of six strips. The strips, secured with double back tape, are
placed on the valve side of the bag and aid uniform collapsing of the bag by
maintaining the bag flat against the side of the cylinder. To provide for
APPENDIX B
2
-------
mounting the assembly to the bracket, a 1-1/4" diameter sewer and drain pipe
(Part No. 22) is riveted to the side (Part No. 20) with two 1/8" x 1/4" pop
rivets and washers. If these are not aligned vertically, the bag assembly
will "list" from the vertical when mounted on the bracket.
A bottom cap (Part No. 21) with a 3/8" hole in the center for draining
moisture protects the bag from weather and vandalism. An eye bolt (Part No.
23), secured in the upper three inches of the tube, is used when moving the
bag/pump unit at heights. A hook at the end of a long, hand-held pole is
inserted in the eye bolt to lift and lower the sample pump/bag assembly when
it is mounted above a person's reach.
Bracket Assembly
The bracket assembly consists of a triangle structure to extend the sampler
at least one meter from the curb over the side walk. The triangle is
constructed of white, PVC Schedule 40 pipe and fittings as shown in Parts 1
through 14. Bonding with PVC cement is required for the following pieces:
5, 6, 7, 9, and 10; 11, 12, and 13; 1 and 14; 2, 3, and 4. No other joints
require cementing. This allows disassembling into four pieces for ease in
storage and transport.
Parts 2, 3 and 4 (cemented together) are required for pole mounting where
the bracket must fit over a one-inch diameter pipe. Part 24 is substituted
for these when the bracket assembly is mounted on a one-inch diameter pole
attached to a parking meter. Part No. 24 is slipped over the one-inch
APPENDIX B
3
-------
diameter pipe attached to the parking meter. The bag assembly is attached
to the bracket assembly by Part No. 22 slipping over Part No. 8.
Mounting
For mounting on a light pole or any six-inch through twenty-four inch
diameter pole, two Radio Shack "Chimmney TV antenna mounts" with adjustable
straps are required and attached to Part No. 3. For mounting on a parking
meter, two 5 feet long, steel TV antenna poles (Part No. 28) are required
along with two 4-inch gutter mounts. Both are available from Radio Shack.
Rebending the gutter mounts may be necessary if the parking meter's vertical
pipe is less than four inches in diameter. Part 24 of the triangle assembly
slips over the 1" pipe. Steel pipe should be used because aluminum does not
have the desired strength.
To remove the sample pump and bag assembly (with the sample inside) from the
bracket assembly, an eight-foot wooden pole with a hook at the top and a six
inch diameter, plastic collar at twenty-four inches from the top is used.
The collar is slipped around the lower end of the sample bag tube and the
hook is engaged to the eye (Part No. 23). The pump/bag assembly can then be
lifted up over Part No. 8, disengaging it from the bracket assembly.
Two or more bag assemblies are usually desired for each pump assembly. This
permits nearly continuous 8-hour samples by using two 4-hour bags
sequentially with the same pump assembly. (Changing the bag assembly
requires less than a minute.)
APPENDIX B
4
-------
BRACKET A 5 it- MO L
NOTE'
T/V c.T/1 U/1T/0/V
L;&£a-5' TVANTErtNA POLE. \*/lTH
1- GUTTER CL All PS 3.7,
P/IRT a<< /^ofl
a, 5,
FOR POLE MOUNT (7S £ S -TV/ <4NT£/V/V/4 B
CHIMNEY MOUNTS 3.h
MOUNTS AV/\ll. ABLE THRURAD/O SHACK
/s$O
1, " /a,, a oye 60 / -t
I'/«" Pipe 'A 7 V* '' /n>n^ 6 t D (. Po/? Moyiit)
Mylbr Snnip/ff S
-------
APPENDIX C
EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE
-------
APPENDIX C
EQUIPMENT PERFOBMANCE
Figure Page
C-l Linearity Check - Unit 1 .. .. „ C-l
C-2 Linearity Check - Unit 2 ,...<,.,.<,.„.,.„ „... C-2
-------
FIGUEE C-l
Linearity: Results from 12/10/77, Lab at Armory, Boise, ID
Unit 1, Rec 4
Ecolyzer calibrated to NBS 43.2 ppm CO
ffi
TT
THE MEAD CORPORATION, DAYTON. O. 454O2
APPENDIX C
1
ACCURACY® CROSS SECTION No. 58-191O
-------
FIGURE C-2
Linearity: Results from 12/09/77, Lab at Armory", Boise, ID
Ecolyzer
— . — I — • — - — p— — • — *~^ — •
1 I • ! ' : : ; i
• M- M
., ' 'l :i *— !
• : i M ; , M
: i : i ! ' > i i
1 | i : 1 1 ' 1 '
1 j T"'~'i i . •"
i : j i i ! i i
: l I 1 ', ! >
i i Mi
i 1 l!|
• I ; j i • ,
i ! 1 '< i
i i i ! i !
j 1 , , ' i i ;
i ' . r f*i
; i : : i . W
\ \ ' . . |
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i ' • i ' ' ' i , ' ; -• j ' - ' *: , ' i i ; i i
"WE .(HAD CORPORATION. DAY'TON. O. 434C2
ACCURACY'S^ CROSS SECTION NO. sa-iaio
-------
APPENDIX D
OUTDOOR STUDY SITE AND PERMANENT MONITORING SITE DATA
-------
APPENDIX D
DATA TABLES
Table
D-l Four-Hour AM, PM, and Eight-Hour Averages and Ratios
of AM and PM Averages - EPA Study Sites D-l
D-2 Ratios of Eight-Hour Averages (EPA Study Sites and the
Permanent Monitor) Sorted by EPA Study Site D-12
D-3 Ratios of Eight-Hour Averages (EPA Study Sites and the
Permanent Monitor) Sorted by the Average for the
Permanent Monitor „ „ D-18
D-4 Ratios Greater Than 1.5 for an Eight-Hour Average
Greater Than 9.0 ppm at the Study Site D-24
D-5 Mean Ratios of Eight-Hour Averages (EPA Study Sites and
a,b,c the Permanent Monitor) D-25
D-6 Mean of All Ratios of Eight-Hour Averages Each Day D-27
D-7 Data from the Permanent Monitor at 115 1/2 Ninth
Street D-28
-------
TABLE D-l. Four-Hour AM, PM and Eight-Hour Averages and Ratios of AM and PM Averages - EPA Study Sites
Record
No. Date Site AMi/PMS/
1 ll.'2?.'77
e ii. -SB.'??
3 :i'29.'77
•< I1/3P/77
? 12/01/77
c 12/02/77
7 12.-y>5'77
3 12/06/77
9 12/87/77
1C 12/08/77
11 12/09/77
12 12/12/77
13 12/13/77
H 12/14/77
IS 12/15/77
16 12/16/77
17 12/19/77
18 12/28/77
19 12/21/77
28 12/22/77
21 11/25/77
22 11/28/77
23 11/29/77
24 11/30/77
25 12/01/77
26 12/02/77
27 12/05/77
28 12/06/77
29 12/87/77
38 12/88/77
31 12/89/77
32 12/12/77
33 12/13/77
34 12/14/77
35 12/15/77
36 12/16/77
37 12/19/77
38 12/20/77
39 12/21/77
40 12/22/77
41 11/25/77
42 11/28/77
43 11/29/77
44 11/30/77
45 12/81/77
46 12/82/77
47 12/05/77
48 12/86/77
49 12/07/77
50 12/88/77
51 12/89/77
53 12/12/77
53 12/13/77
54 12/14/77
55 12/15/77
56 12/16/77
57 12/19/77
58 12/28/77
59 12/21/77
6« 12/22/77
1 7.9 9.2
1 ' 9.2 10.9
1 11.8 11.0
1 7.9 11.8
1 8.1 15.1
1 12.9 16.5
1 8.3 12.8
1 9.9 14.9
1 4.2 4.9
1 5.9 9.1
1 18.8 8.8
1 9.9 12.2
1 3.8 4.4
1 10.5 10.3
1 6.1 10.3
1 8.1 8.3
1 7.6 12.2
I : 8.0 9.5
1 8.3 12. S
1 18.2 15.0
2. 18.9 7.8
2 4.8 4.0
2 S.I 3.9
2 (.8 5.2
2 1.0 2.1
2 4.3 8.9
2 3.9 7.0
2 2.0 3.2
2 4.2 4.3
2 .8 3.2
2 .0 7.8
2 3.4 3.7
2 .5 2.0
2 .0 2.2
2 3.5 4.6
2 4.9 2.8
2 3.9 6.3
2 3.9 1.6
2 S.3 5.9
2 7.0 8.4
3 5.0 4.5
3 .8 2.3
3 3.9 1.1
3 2.1 1.3
3 1.2 1.8
3 4.3 4.1
3 2.8 3.2
3 1.5 3.3
3 1.5 1.3
3 1.2 2.5
3 5.8 2.8
3 1.1 1.2
3 .3 1.0
3 1.2 1.3
3 1.2 2. a
3 1.1 1.3
3 1.9 2.4
3 2.0 ,9
3 2.3 3.2
3 4.8 4.0
Main
AVcl/Street
8.6 BROADUAV
to. i BROADUAY
11. 6 iROADUAV
9.9 BROADUAY
11.6 BROADUAY
14.7 BROADUAY
ie.2 IROADUAV
15.4 BROAOUAV
4,6 BBOADUAV
7.5 BROADUAV
9.8 BROADUAV
U.I BROADLY
4.1 BROADUAV
19.4 BROADUAV
8.2 BHOADUAV
B.2 BROADUAV -
9.6 BROADUAV
8.B BROADUAV
16.4 BROADUAV
12.6 BROADUAV
9.0 BROADUAV
4.0 BROADUAV
4.5 BROADUAV
e.» BROADUAV
1.5 BROADUAV
6.6 BROADUAV
5.5 BROADUAV
2.6 BROADUAV
4.3 BROADUAV
.8 BROADUAV
.6 BROADUAV
3.6 BROADUAV
1.2 BROADUAY
.9 BROADUAV
4.1 BROADUAY
3.5 BROADUAV
5.1 BROADUAV
2.7 BROADUAY
5.6 BROADUAY
7.7 BROADUAY
4.8 CAPITOL
.e CAPITOL
a.s CAPITOL
1.7 CAPITOL
1.5 CAPITOL
4.2 CAPITOL
2.6 CAPITOL
2.4 CAPITOL
1.4 CAPITOL
l.B CAPITOL
3.5 CAPITOL
1.2 CAPITOL
.7 CAPITOL
1.3 CAPITOL
1.7 'CAPITOL
1.2 CAPITOL
a. 2 CAPITOL
I.S CAPITOL
3. 7 CAPITOL
4,« CftPlTOL
Cross
Street
H/O MVPTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
M/0 MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
H/O nVRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
N/0 nYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O MYRTLE
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O BROAD
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
M/0 COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
M/0 COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
M/0 COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
H/C COLLEGE
M/0 COLLEGE
H/O COLLEGE
Sid e
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
E
E
E
E
i
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
I
E
E
E
E
E
E
£
E
E
Ratio
AM/PM
.86
.84
1.08
.67
.S4
.78
.69
.66
.86
.69
1.25
.81
.86
1.92
.59
.98
.57
.84
.66
.68
1.56
1.00
1.31
1.31
.48
.48
.56
.63
.98
,00
.00
.92
.25
.08
.76
2.45
.62
a.44
98
83
11
88
55
.1,
3.
1.62
.67
1.05
.63
.45
1.15
.48
a.58
.92
.38
.92
.55
.85
.79
2.22
.72
1.88
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
JL/ AM - Four-hour average
for 10 AM to 2 PM
2J PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
Record
i _ *
Ho. Date Site AM^PM^/
cl ll.-25.77
62 11 2S'?7
Si H. 29/77
6-1 ll.30.-77
65 12/01 '77
65 12. '02/77
67 12'05/77
68 !2-'e6/77
b9 12/97/77
70 12--ea/77
71 12/03/77
72 12/12/77
73 12/13/77
74 12/14/77
75 12/15/77
76 12/16/77
77 12/19/77
78 12/28/77
79 12/21/77
88 12/22/77
81 11/25/77
82 11/28/77
83 11/29/77
84 11/36/77
85 12/91/77
86 12/92/77
87 12/05/77
88 12/66/77
B9 12/87/77
98 12/68/77
91 12/69/77
92 12/12/77
93 12/13/77
94 12/14/77
95 12/15/77
96 12/16/77
97 12/19/77
98 12/29/77
99 12/21/77
109 12/22/77
181 11/25/77
162 11/28/77
193 11/29/77
164 11/30/77
105 12/61/77
166 12/92/77
187 12/95/77
198 12/96/77
199 12/87/77
116 12/98/77
til 12/99/77
112 12/12/77
113 12/13/77
114 12/14/77
115 12/15/77
116 12/16/77
117 12/19/77
118 ta/28/77
119 12/21/77
IE8 12/22/77
4 6.6 5.2
4 5.5 2.9
4 8.2 2.6
4 7.5 2.6
4 4.2 6.9
4 9,9 10.9
4 8.9 3.5
4 5.5 6.5
4 2.9 2.2
4 4.2 2.5
4 5.6 4.g
4 8.7 5.1
4 2.1 2.6
4 7.9 4.3
4 2.8 . 2.7
4 4,9 5.9
4 3.8 2.4
4 4.9 4.0
4 4.8 4.3
4 5.2 3.9
5 9.8 11.5
5 5.9 8.1
5 9,6 4.3:
5 8.2 4.6
5 2.9 6.1
5 11.5 15.5
5 8.1 7.2
5 6.9 9.4
5 3.9 3.3
5 5.2 6.1
5 7,8 2,2
5 7.9 6.0
5 1.8 1.1
5 3.1 2.3
5 5.9 7.2
5 5.5 5.3
5 7.2 7.9
5 5.9 3.2
S 5.9 7.8
5 9.8 13. 8
6 6.1 11.9
6 2.9 3.2
6 7.3 3.2
6 4.9 5.3
6 6.0 .0
6 11.9 9.9
6 4.9 5.9
6 7.9 19.8
6 2.9 1.7
6 4.9 2.6
6 4.9 5.7
6 7.5 ,fl
6 3.3 4.9
6 4.2 8.9
6 2.1 2.9
6 2.7 8.1
6 3.1 2.3
6 4.9 7.4
6 3.5 5.3
6 4.6 4. 3
Main
AVcl/Street
5.9 CAPITOL
4.2 CAPITOL
5.4 CAPITOL
5.1 CAPITOL
5.1 CAPITOL
9.5 CAPITOL
5. 8 CAPITOL
6.6 CAPITOL
2.6 CAPITOL
3,3 CAPITOL
5.1 CAPITOL
6.9 CAPITOL
2.4 CAPITOL
5.7 CAPITOL
2.7 CAPITOL
5.9 CAPITOL
3.1 CAPITOL
4.5 CAPITOL
4.6 CAPITOL
4.6 CAPITOL
10.7 CAPITOL
7,0 CAPITOL
6.7 CAPITOL
6,4 CAPITOL
4.5 CAPITOL
13.5 CAPITOL
7.7 CAPITOL
8.1 CAPITOL
3,6 CAPITOL
5.7 CAPITOL
5.9 CAPITOL
7.8 CAPITOL
1.5 CAPITOL
2.7 CAPITOL
6.6 CAPITOL
5.4 CAPITOL
7.6 CAPITOL
4.1 CAPITOL
6.4 CAPITOL
11.8 CAPITOL
8.6 8TH
3.1 BTH
5,3 BTH
5.1 8TH
.0 BTH
10.5 BTH
5.4 BTH
9.4 BTH
l.B BTH
3.3 BTH -
4.9 BTH
.6 BTH
4.1 BTH
6.5 BTH
. 2.5 BTH
5.4 BTH
2.7 BTH
£.2 8TH
4.4 BTH
4.4 BTH
Cross
Street
N/0 BROAD
N/0 B«0<>D
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BRO«D
N/0 BRO«D
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BRO«D
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 BROAD
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
H/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
H/0 IDAHO
Side
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Ratio
AM/PM
1.27
1 .90
15
2.88
.70
.90
2.29
.85
1,32
1.68
1.22
1.71
.81
1.63
1.04
.68
1.58
1.23
1.12
1.33
.85
.73
a. 09
1.78
.48
.74
1.13
.73
1. 18
.85
3.55
1.32
1 .64
1.35
.82
1.04
.91
1.56
.64
.71
.55
.91
2.28
.92
.09
1.11
.03
.73
1.18
1.54
.70
.00
.67
.47
.72
.33
1.35
.66
.66
i.ie
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid, data and were omitted
from calculations.
!_/ AM - Four-hour average
~~ for 10 AM to 2 PM
2J PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
u>
Record
-» i r\ J
No. Date Site AM^/PM^/
ia: 11 a? 77
iHi '.1 28'77
l£3 11 '29 '77
12-4 11 30/77
It? 12. Pl'77
I2t 12 '02/77
127 ia'eS.'77
13? 12/P6/77
129 12/07/77
130 12/68/77
131 12/69/77
132 12/12/77
133 12/13/77
134 12/14/77
135 12/15/77
136 12/16/77
137 12/19/77
138 12/29/77
139 12/21/77
Me 12/22/77
141 11/25/77
142 11/28/77
143 11/29/77
144 11/30/77
145 12/01/77
146 12/02/77
147 12/05/77
'.48 12'96'77
149 12/07/77
150 12/98/77
151 12/P9/77
1S2 12/12/77
153 12/13/77
154 12/14/77
155 12/15/77
156 12/16/77
157 12/19/77
158 12/20/77
159 12/21/77
160 12/22/77
161 11/25/77
162 H/28/77
163 11/29/77
164 11/30/77
165 12/01/77
166 12/92/77
167 12/05/77
168 12/96/77
169 12/07/77
170 12/08/77
171 12/09/77
172 12-M2/77
173 12/13/77
174 12/14/77
175 12/15/77
176 12/16/77
177 12/19/77
178 12/20/77
179 12/21/77
189 12/22/77
7 9.2 .0
7 5.5 .9
7 9. 2 .9
7 7.1 9.6
7 4.0 5.9
7 .8 12.8
7 7,0 7,9
7 7.9 B.S
7 5.9 3.7
7 4.3 .9
7 7.5 8.0
7 7.8 8.4
7 1.9 3.7
7 6.5 5.7
7 5.7 ' 5,8
7 4.8 9.1
7 6.1 7.9
7 ,0 6.3
7 .0 9.1
7 .0 9.7
B 12.0 14.9
8 6.9 7.9
8 11.0 4.9
8 .0 .0
8 4.2 6.9
8 .0 16.0
8 .0 8.2
8 .9 8.7
B 4.1 4.9
8 5.8 4.2
8 7.1 1.9
8 9.5 6.6
B .9 3.Z
S .0 4.7
8 3.9 6.1
8 7.6 7.2
8 ,0 7.1
8 .0 3.7
8 6.8 16,7
8 6.8 11.1
9 19.9 .0
9 4.9 10.1
9 11.0 7.1
9 8.9 8.9
9 7.S ll;0
9 14.2 13.0
9 7.0 8.5
9 10.5 13.3
9 3.6 .0
9 5.0 7.3
9 7.9 8.7
9 10.1 11.6
9 3.6 .9
9 10.9 8.1
9 5.8 6.6
9 5.0 5.6
9 5.9 6.4
9 7.0 9.7
9 6.0 8.3
B 8.1 B.I
, Main
Street
BTH
8TH
BTH
BTH
BTH
BTH
BTH
BTH
BTH
BTH
BTH
8TH
8TH
8TH i
BTH
8TH
BTH
BTH
BTH
8TH
5A1H
nAIN
Cross
Street
.9
B.4
5.0
.9
7.0
7.8
4.4
.9
7.8
8.1
2.8
6.1
5.8
7.9
7.0
.6
.0
.0
13.0
6.5
8.0
.0 nAIN
5.6
.0
.0
.0
4.5
5.9
4.1
8.1
.9
.9
5.9
7,1
.0
.0
8.8
9.0
.0
7.5
9.1- 9TH
9TH
9TH
MAIN
flAIN
MAIN
HAJN
MAIN
9TH
9TH
8.5
9.3
13.6
7,8
11.9
.0
6.2
7.9
10.9
.0
9.1
6.2
5.3
6.2
8.4
7.a
B.I
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
BTH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
N/O
N/0
N/O
N/O
N/O HAIN
N/O HAIH
N/O HASH
N/O MAIM
N/O MAIN
N/O
N/O
N/O HAIN
N/O HAIN
N/O nAIN
N/O nAIN
N/O HA1N
N/O HA1N
N/O nAIN
H/0 flAIN
N/O MAIN.
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 8TH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 8TH
U/0 8TH
U/0 BTH
U/0 8TH
U/0 8TH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 8TH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
N/O (IAIN
N/O PAIN
N/O
N/O
N/O MAIN
N/O nAIN
N/O
N/O
N/O
N/O
N/O nAIN
N/O flAIN
N/O MAIN
N/O HAIN
N/O MAIN
N/O nAIN
N/O HAIN
N/O nAIN
H/0 HA1M
N/O
Side
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
e
1.38
7.10
1.44
.00
.90
.64
.97
.90
.90
.64
.61
.00
.49
1.55
.90
.68
1.99
.82
.79
.00
.68
.60
.87
.00
1.23
.88
.89
.92
.72
.72
1.99
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
\j AM - Four-hour average
for 10 AM to 2 PM
2^1 PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l Contd.
Record
No. Date Site
Main
AVCl'Street
Cross
Street
1S1 11--2? 77
1S2 11.'23 '77
IS? ll/29'77
IS- 11 3?."77
IF? 12.-P-./77
ISo 12.'02/77
IE- 12--P5/77
IE; 12.-96/77
189 12/?7/77
190 12/08/77
1P1 12/99/77
192 12/12/77
193 12/13/77
194 12/14/77
195 12/15/77
196 12/16/77
197 12/19/77
198 12/20/77
199 12/21/77
> 260 12/22/77
Hd 201 11/25/77
2 202 11/28/77
& 203 11/29/77
g 204 11/30/77
H 205 12/91/77
* 266 V2/02/77
o 267 12/05/77
208 12/06/77
269 12/07/77
216 12/68/77
211 12/09/77
212 12/12/77
213 12/13/77
214 12/14/77
215 12/15/77
216 12/16/77
217 12/19/77
218 12/29/77
219 12/21/77
229 12/22/77
221 H/25/77
222 11/28/77
223 11/29/77
224 11/39/77
225 12/01/77
226 12/62/77
227 12/05/77
228 12/06/77
229 12/07/77
236 12/08/77
231 12/69/77
232 12/12/77
233 12/13/77
234 12/14/77
235 12/15/77
23G 12XIE/77
237 12/19/77
238 12/20/77
239 12X21/77
a40 ia/aa/77
11 B.e 16.2
11 4.2 4.9
11 11.0 2.5
11 6.2 2.7
11 11.2 14.5
11 13.2 18.0
u 10,a .0
11 11.7 1<,9
11 2.6 1,9
11 4.1 4.1
11 .6 .6
11 16.9 8.8
11 8,5 11.1
11 12.5 11.2
11 3.5 4.0
11 3.6 11.3
11 5.3 3.4
11 5.0 15.1
11 5.4 8.5
II 4.2 8.2
12 6.3 10.9
12 .9 3.2
12 .0 4.1
12 .0 5.3
12 2.7 5.2
12 6.6 12.9
12 6.1 4.9
12 5.7 7.3
12 4.5 3.1
12 3.0 6.9
12 5.5 5.0
12 5.9 6.0
12 1.3 4.0
12 4.5 4.7
12 4.6 3.8
12 2.5 3.7
12 4.1 5.2
12 4.0 3.9
12 5.6 5.3
'12 4.0 7.8
13 15.1 .6
13 9.5 11.8
13 B.5 12.2
13 9.0 12.5
13 2,9 5.2
13 9.9 13.0
13 10,0 .0
13 6.6 7.8
13 6.6 6.3
13 8.2 16.S
13 16.6 12.1
13 4.8 7.7
13 1.8 3.7
13 4.5 3.2
13 8.0 11.5
13 7.5 5.6
13 11.0 13.7
13 5.0 3.1
13 9.6 11.3
13 13.1 IS.a
9.1
4.6
6.B
4.5
12.9
15.6
.6
n.3
2.6
4.1
.0
9.B
9.8
11.9
3.7
7.2
4.4
19
.6
6.2
8.6
.6
,a
.6
4.8
9.5
5.5
6.5
3.8
5.0
5.3
6.6
2.7
4.6
3.9
3.1
4.7
4.0
5.2
5.9
.6
10.7
19.4
16. 8
4.1
11.5
7.2
6.5
9.4
11.1
6.3
2.7
3.9
9.8
6.6
12.4
4.1
16.2
14. 5
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
STH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
9TH'
9TH
9TH
STH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH •
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
STH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
9TH
STH
N/0 IDAHO
h/0 IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 ID«HO
H/0 IDAHO
N/0 1DOHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
H/0 IDAHO
N/0
N/0
N/0
H/0
N/0
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
U/0 BTH
N/0 nA[N
N/0 nAIN
N/0 HAIN
N/0 nAIN
N/0 f1AIN
N/0 HAIN
N/0 nAIN
N/0 nAIN
N/0 HMN
N/0 nAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0
N/0 HA1N
N/0 nAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0
N/0
N/0
Side
E
E
£
E
E
E
£
E
E
E
E
E
£
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
5
S
5
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5
5
S
S
5
S
\J
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Ratio
•AM/PM
.78
.86
4.49
2.30
.77
,73
.ee
.79
1,65
1.00
,66
1.24
.77
1,12
.88
.27
1.56
.33
.64
.51
.58
.06
.69
.60
.52
.47
1.24
.78
1.45
.43
1.10
.98
.33
96
05
68
79
03
94
.51
.60
.81
.70
.72
.56
76
66
B5
65
77
83
62
49
41
78
1.34
80
61
66
.86
1.
1.
1,
1,
1,
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
I/ AM - Four-hour average
for 10 AM to 2 PM
2j PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
Record
No. Date Site AM— PM^- A
141 11'25'77 14 (2.1 18.2
2^2 U'23/77 14 4.6 3.2
£43 l|'29-'77 14 8.4 S.8
2-14 11-39/77 14 7.8 ?.l "
24? le'01/77 14 5.0 8.1
24o 12>82'77 14 4.2 11.5
2-17 12/05.'?? 14 6.7 8.9
248 12/06/77 14 6.9 8.2
249 12/97/77 14 4.3 5.9
250 12/98/77 14 3.8 5.9
251 12/99/77 14 5.9 8.2
252 12/12/7? 14 6.1 6.4
253 12.M3/77 14 2.6 2.8
£54 12/14/77 14 5.1 4.8
255 12/15/77 H 5.8 5.1
256 12/16/77 H 6.1 6.1
2?? 12/19/77 14 6.2 7.2
258 12/20/77 |4 6.9 .9
259 12/21/7? H 7.8 8.5
260 12/22/77 14 .8 9.5
261 11/25/77 IS .8 7.2
262 11/28/7? 15 5.5 .8 .
263 11/29/77 15 7.2 .9
264 11/36/77 |5 8.8 7,8
265 '.2/81/77 IS 2.5 5.7
266 12/92/77 15 5.8 .6
267 12/95/77 15 4,9 7.5
268 12/86/77 15 4.9 4.1
269 12/07/7? 15 2,9 1.7
279 12/88/77 15 3.9 3.2
271 12/99/7? 15 5.5 6.8
272 12/12/77 15 6.7 5.1
273 12/13/77 IS 1.9 1.1
274 I2/M/77 IS 2.6 2.1
275 12/15/77 15 3.2 3.2
276 12/16/77 15 3,3 2.9
277 12/19/77 15 4.6 S.5
278 12/29/77 IS 4,8 3.2
279 12/21/77 15 5.8 6.2
280 12/22/77 IS 8.9 7.2
281 11/25/77 16 7.9 9.8
282 11/28/77 16 5.5 6.8
283 11/29/77 16 ,8 8.1
284 11/30/77 16 3.5 8.2
285 12/81/77 16 2.5 5.8
286 12/92/77 16 5.8 14.8
287 12/95/77 16 7.9 7.2
288 12/96/77 16 5.9 7.1
289 12/97/77 16 2.2 5.2
299 12/98/77 16 5.5 7.2
291 12/69/77 16 4.6 5.1
292 12/12/77 16 5.2 6.2
290 12/13/77 16 1.8 1.6
294 12/14/77 16 2.2 2.6
295 12/15/77 16 6.5 7.4
296 12/16/77 16 3.1 2.9
297 12/19/77 16 8.8 9.7
298 12/20/77 16 3.8 2.4
299 12/21/77 16 4.5 6.6
366 12/22/77 16 19.9 8.7
~, Main
.VG^Street
11.2 MAIN
3.6 MAIN
7.1 MAIN
7.1 MAIN
£.6 MAIN
7.9 MAIN
7.4 MAIN
7.1 MAIN
4.7 (IAIN
4.9 MAIN
7.1 MAIM
6.3 MAIN
2.4 MAIN
4.6 MAIN
5.1 MAIN
6.1 MAIN
6.7 MAIN
.« MAIN
7.8 MAIN
.9 MAIN
'. .6 MAIN
> .6 MAIN
.9 MAIM
7.5 MAIM
4.1 MAIN
.9 MAIN
6.2 MAIN
4.1 MAIN
1.8 MAIN
3.1 MAIN
6.2 MAIN
5.9 MAIN
1.1 MAIN
2.4 MAIN
3.2 MAIN
3.1 MAIN
5.1 MAIN
3.6 MAIN
5.6 MAIN
7.6 MAIN
8.5 18TH
5.8 19TH
.9 10TH
5.9 19TH
4.2 19TH
9.9 16TH
7.6 19TH
6.1 10TH
3.7 16TH-
6.4 18TH
4.9 18TH
5.7 18TH
1.3 J9TH
2.4 IBTH
7.8 19TH
3.9 16TH
8.9 19TH
2.7 19TH
5.6 19TH
9.4 16TH
Cross
Street
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
U/0 9TH
N/0
N/0
N/0
N/0
IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0
N/0
Side
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5
6
S
S
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Ratio
AM/PM
1.19
1.25
1.4S
.99
.62
.37
.84
.73
.86
.64
.72
.95
.71
1.27
.98
i.ee
.86
.00
.82
.00
.99
.99
.99
1.14
.44
.98
.65
98
IB
.94
.81
1.31
.91
1.24
1.00
14
.84
1.2S
81
11
88
93
08
43
43
41
16
78
.42
.76
.99
.84
.63
.85
.88
1.97
.82
1.25
.68
1.15
1,
I,
1
1,
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
lj AM - Four-houp average
~ for 10 AM to 2 PM
2J PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
Record
No. Date Site
w
H
X
,p.
302
203
?OJ
3? 5
30o
30~
303
3P9
3ie
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
M 25-77
11- '28/77
11 '29-77
U '?0.'77
12/01'77
12 '02/77
13/05'77
1 2 •' C 6 ' 7 7
12/87/77
12/88/77
12/89/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/H/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/01/77
12/82/77
12/85/77
12/06/77
12/07/77
12/08/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/28/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/61/77
ia/02/77
12/65/77
12/06/77
12/07/77
12/08/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
ia/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/88/77
359 ia/ai/77
17 12.6 15.1
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
IB
18
18
18
IB
18
18
18
18
IB
18
IB
18
18
18
18
18
IB
18
IB
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
3.5
2.5
3.9
6.5
13.9
.8
9.1
2.8
'.9
5.5
2.2
2.5
7.9 '
5.8
4.0
5.2
5.2
4.2
7.5
12.8
7.2
8.4
7.8
9.9
15.6
.8
9.8
6.5
5.1
6.2
7.9
5.6
10.5
5.8
7.8
7.6
6.8
7.5
11.3
11.3
8.0
7.8
8.6
4.9
11.8
5.9
•7.0
6.8
4.0
8.0
6.8
2.5
7,0
7,8
6.8
7.8
2,2
7.5
5.9
.0
4.1
18.1
16.5
5.1
11.2
.6
4.5
7. 1
9.1
3.9
5.5
5.2
7.0
,8
6.5
4.8
7.8
11.3
7.6
7.2
9.2
11.6
14.9
8. 1
11.8
6.3
6.1
5.3
10.6
6.3
8.2
s.a
10.6
7,3
7. a
8.6
11.1
9.1
11.0
7.0
16.3
6.8
13.1
7.4
8.9
6.3
5.3
7.1
5,1
3.2
5.2
5.6
.6.6
6.5
3.7
7.8
Main
AVCl/ Street
13.6
4.7
.0
4.0
8.3
15.2
.6
10.2
.6
4.7
6.3
5.7
3.2
6.7
5.1
5.5
.8
5.9
4.5
7.7
12.1
7.4
7.8
8.5
18.8
15.3
8
4
16
6.4
5.6
5,8
9.3
5.7
9.4
5.1
B,5
7.5
7.6
8.1
11.2
10.2
9,5
7.4
9.2
5.9
12.1
6.7
8.0
6.2
4,7
7.6
6.0
2.9
6.1
6.3
6.8
6.8
3.8
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHC
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
HAIN
nAIN
nAIN
HAlh
nAIN
nAIN
nAIN
I1AIN
MAIN
MAIN
HA IN
C1AIN
MAIM
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
UTH
Cross
Street
U/0 16TH
u/o iein
U/O 16TH
U/O 16TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O UTH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O IOTH
U/O 10TH
U/O 16TH
U/O IflTH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 16TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O 10TH
U/O 18TH
U/O IOTH
N/0 nAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0 HAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0 HAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0 MAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0
N/0 MAIN
N/0
N/0
N/0
N/0 MAIN
Side
S
s
S
5
S
5
S
S
S
s
s
5
S
S
S
S
S
s
s
5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
1.
Ratio
AM/PM
.79
.59
.08
,95
.64
.84
.00
.81
.06
1 .89
.77
.24
.64
1.44
.96
.57
.06
.80
.87
.96
1.13
.95
.17
.65
.85
1.05
.08
.76
1.63
.84
1,17
.75
.79
1.28
,96
.70
1.04
!B7
I .82
1.24
.73
1.11
.78
.72
.84
.80
.79
.95
.75
1.13
1.33
.78
1.35
1.25
1.06
1.68
.59
NOTE: Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
\J AM - Four-hour average
for 10 AM to 2 PM
2/ PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
Record
No.
Date Site
37 Main
AVC^-'Street
X
t)
J61 11 2S.-T7
?aS II '28/77
3f3 U'29'77
3c-l II'30/77
3t5 12.'0|.'77
3t6 12.'82/77
367 12/05/77
?63 l2/i>6/77
369 12/07/77
370 18/98/77
371 12/09/77
373 12/12/77
373 12/13/77
374 12/H/77
375 12/15/77
376 12/16/77
377 12/19/77
378 12/20/77
379 12/21/77
380 12-'22/77
381 11/25/77
382 11/28/77
383 11/29/77
384 11/30/77
385 12/81/77
386 12/92/77
387 12/65/77
388 12/06/77
399 12/97/77
390 12/08/77
391 12/09/77
392 12/12/77
393 12/13/77
394 12/14/77
395 12/15/77
396 12/16/77
397 12/19/77
398 12/20/77
399 12/21/77
480 12/22/77
491 11/25/77
402 11/28/77
493 11/29/77
404 11/30/77
495 12/01/77
496 12/82/77
487 12/05/77
408 12/06/77
409 12/07/77
410 12/C8/77
411 12/99/77
412 12/12/77
413 12/13/77
414 12/14/77
415 12/15/77
416 12/16/77
417 12/15/77
418 12/20/77
419 12/21/77
430 12/22/77
20 9.0 13.5
24 4.9 ,8
29 tO.2 5.4
20 4.9 12,3
20 9.5 12.5
20 16.5 11.1
20 B.O 9.1
20 11.0 12.0
26 3.2 2.7
29 5.0 5.3
20 6.6 7.2
20 8.B 9.1
20 3.5 4.1
20 11.0 7.2
20 7.0- 4.1
29 5.4 4.0
20 6.9 8.8
20 8.e 12.1
20 6.0 8.5
20 9.0 10.1
21 4.9 11.2
21 1.9 4.7
21 6.0 2.2
21 4.0 3.5
21 6.7 19.9
21 9.0 10.8
21 3.7 7.4
21 7.0 9.0
21 2.0 2.1
21 1.9 4.4
21 3.0 4.5
21 5.0 7.0
21 4.5 4.1
21 8.1 6.2
21 3.0 3.3
21 2.0 4.0
21 3.0 2.8
21 3.2 5.0
21 3.0 5.0
21 4.5 4.7
22 8.0 10.2
22 5.1 4.1
22 10.0 3.7
22 6.9 3.6
22 4.6 7.0
22 10.2 12.0
22 6.5 4.7
22 6.1 9.0
22 2.2 2.0
22 3.8 4.2
22 5.9 6.5
22 B.O 6.2
22 3.0 2.8
22 6.6 5.3
22 5.0 5.2
22 3.0 4.0
22 3.9 4.2
22 4,« 3.B
22 3.9 6.9
22 7.9 8.8
11.3
.0
7.8
8.2
ll.o
13.B
8.6
11.5
3.0
5.2
6.9
9.9
3.B
9.1
5.6
4,7
7.4
10.1
7.3
9.6
8.1
3.3
4.1
3.7
8.4
9.9
5.6
6.0
2.0
3.2
3.7
6.0
4.3
7.2
3.2
3.0
2.9
4
4
4.6
9.1
4.6
6.9
5.3
5.B
11.1
• 5.6
7.6
2.1
4.0
6.2
7.1
2.9
6.0
S.I
4.0
4.1
3.9
5.4
6.4
HA1N
H.AJN
MAIN
MAIN
HA1N
RAIN
MAIN
MAIN
MAIN
MAIN
HA1N
MAIN
MAIN
.1
MAIN
PIAIN
MAIN
PAIN
MAIN
MAIN
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
UTH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
13TH
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
FRONT
Cross
S t£ee t
U/0 11TH
U/0 11TH
U/0 UTH
U/0 11TH
U/0 11TH
U/0 UTH
U/0 11TH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
H/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0- IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 1STH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 ISTH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 ISTH
U/0 ISTH
U/0 ISTH
U/0 ISTH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15TH
U/0 15'''I-!
U/0 ISTH
U/0 ISTH
Side
S
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Ratio
AM/PM-
.67
.00
1,89
.33
.76
1.49
.92
1.19
.94
.92
.97
.85
1.53
1.71
1.35
.68
.66
.71
.89
.44
.46
2.73
1. 14
.67
.83
.50
.78
.95
.43
.67
.71
1.10
1.31
.91
.50
1.07
.64
.60
.96
.78
1.24
3.70
1.92
.66
.85
1.3B
.68
1.10
.90
.91
1.29
1.67
1.25
.96
.98
.93
l.OS
.57
.90
NOTE: Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
_!/ AM - Four-hour average
for 10 AM to 2 PM
2J PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
3^f A.VC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
!*J
U
Record
No.
••il
•lie
423
42-t
4cS
••ae
42~
428
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
VO
Record
No. Date Site AMi/PM-?-/
*>: ii'as'T? 36 5.9 ii. a
4ci li'cP'77 26 4.7 7.B
4<3 H'29/77 ae s.i 4.5
•IS-* 11 30/77 36 4.1 6,1
495 ia/et'77 as 3.9 •?.«
4ti ia.'6£'77 26 7. a n.e
43" ia.-eS'77 36 4.8 5. a
453 i2'66/77 as 7.e s.e
489 ta/87/77 ee 3.e a. a
490 ia/68/77 36 3.9 4.1
491 ia/99/77 36 4.8 ,3,8
493 ia/ia/77 as 4.7 4.7
4S3 13/13/77 26 1.5 '3.4
49^ ia/14/77 36 6.6 16,7
495 13/15/77 26 4.8 '4.8
496 13/16/77 26 3.6 . 4.3
497 13/19/77 36 4.8 5.1
498 13'38/77 36 4.6 3.8
499 13/31/77 26 3.9 5.8
508 13/33/77 36 5.6 7,4
561 ll/aS/77 33 15.3 17.2
503 11/38/77 33 11.5 11.1
503 11/39/77 33 11.6 9.6
584 11/36/77 33 16.8 16.1
505 13/81/77 33 6.9 6.7
5P6 13/83/77 33 14.9 18.6
587 13/65/77 33 16, « 14.1
508 la/66/77 33 9.6 13.3
5C9 13/07/77 33 9.8 8.4
516 ia/88/77 33 7.6 16.3
511 ia/69/77 33 ll.l 13.1
513 13/13/77 33 B.9 18.5
513 13/13/77 33 3.8 5.6
514 13/V4/77 33 9.6 6.9
515 13/15/77 33 8.9 11.7
516 ia/16/77 33 9.3 13.8
517 13/19/77 33 11.1 13.4
518 i2/ae/77 33 a. 9 S.B
519 12/31/77 3a 11,6 14.2
538 ia/33/77 33 14.6. 19.9
531 11/35/77 16A ll.l 13.1
533 11/38/77 16A 6.9 8.5
533 ll/a9/77 16A 13.1 7.1
534 11/36/77 16A 8.9 7.6
525 12/61/77 16A 8.7 7.1
526 ia/62/77 18A 11.2 36.6
537 13/05/77 16A 13.5 13.9'
538 13/66/77 16A ia.3 13.7
539 13/67/77 16A 5.3 3.9
538 13/68/77 16A 7.3 8.8
531 11/35/77 27A 5.1 6,8
533 11/38/77 37A 4.3 4.8
533 11/39/77 37A 8.9 .9
534 11/38/77 37A 3.9 1.9
535 13/81/77 a?A 4.S 6,2'
536 13/03/77 a?A 19.1 l«.l
537 13/65/77 37A 3.3 3.6
538 13/86/77 27A 5,1 8.2,
539 12/87/77 27A 1.4 .8
548 12/88/77 27A 2.8 1.7
hain
AVcl/ Street
8.6 STATE
6.3 STATE
6.3 STATE
5.1 STATE
5.S STATE
18.6 STATE
4.6 STATE
5,6 STATE
2.6 STATE
3.5 STATE
4.8 STATE
4.7 STATE
3.5 STATE
8.4 STATE
4.4 STATE
3.4 STATE
4.6 STATE
4.2 STATE
4.5 STATE
6. 2 STATE
16.2 IDAHO
11.3 IDAHO
16.3 IDAHO
16.1 IDAHO
6.4 IDAHO
16.5 IDAHO
ia.i IDAHO
ll.l IDAHO
8.7 IDAHO
8.7 IDAHO
ia.i IDAHO
9.7 IDAHO
4.6 IDAHO
8.3 IDAHO
9.9 IDAHO
11.6 IDAHO
12.3 IDAHO
7,4 IDAHO
12.6 IDAHO
17.2 IDAHO
11.6 IDAHO
7.7 IDAHO
9.6 IDAHO
8.6 IDAHO
7.9 IDAHO
15.9 IDAHO
13, 2 IDAHO
13.8 IDAHO
4.6 IDAHO
8.6 IDAHO
5.6 CAPITOL
4. 3 CAPITOL
4.S CAPITOL
3.9 CAPITOL
5.4 CAPITOL
16.1 CAPITOL
a.s CAPITOL
7. 3 CAPITOL
1.1 CAPITOL
1.8 CAPITOL
Cross
Street
U/O 22NO
u/o aaND
u/o aaND
U/O 32ND
U/O 22ND
u/o aaND
u/o aaND
u/o a3ND
U/O 33ND
u/o eaND
u/o aaND
u/o aaNO
u/o aaND
U/O 23ND
U/O 33ND
U/O 33ND
u/o aaND
u/o aaND
U/O 33ND
u/o aaND
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O -BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O 8TH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O 8TH
U/O 8TH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O BTH
U/O 8TH
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
N/0 COLLEGE
Side
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
N
N
H
N
N
N
N
N
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
H
N
N
H
N
N
N
S
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Ratio
AM/PM
.53
.59
I.Be
.67
.56
.51
.77
2.33
1.36
. .71
1.83
1.88
.44
.56
.83
.63
.78
1.31
.78
.68
.88
1.84
1.15
.99
.98
.83
.71
.68
1.67
.68
.85
.85
.68
1.39
.68
.72
.83
1.53
.77
.73
.95
.81
1.78
1.27
1.23
.54
i.es
.89
1.36
.83
.85
1.88
8.89
a.es
.73
1.08
1.68
.55
1.75
1.18
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
I/ AM - Four-hour average
~~ for 10 AM to 2 PM
2J PM - Four-hour average
~ for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
Record
No.
o
§
H
O
E-H
54?
Date JSi_te
I2.-C9--7T 27B
12 12/77 276
12 13/77 27B
12.14-77 27B
lc/15/77 27B
12-'16'77 278
12.'19<77 27B
27B
27B
H3
S49 12/21/77
550 12.22/77 27B
591 11/25/77 2BA
f52 11/28/77 2BA
?53 11/29/77 2BA
?54 11/30/77 38A
555 12/81/77 28A
556 12/92/77 28A
557 12/85/77 28A
558 12/06/77 28A
559 12/67/77 28A
568 12/08/77 2BA
561 •12/89/77 28B
562 12/12/77 288
963 12/13/77 288
564 12/14/77 28B
565 12/15/77 28B'
566 12/16/77
567 12/19/77
568
569
28B
28B
12/28/77 28B
12/21/77
578 12/22/77
28B
2BB
571 11/25/77 29A
572 11/28/77 29A
573 11/29/77 29A
574 11/38/77 29A
575 12/81/77 29A
576 12/82/77 29A
577 12/05/77 29A
578 12/06/77 29A
579 12/07/77 29A
568 12/98/77 29A
581 12/09/77 29B
582 12/12/77 29B
583 12/13/77 29B
584 12/14/77 29B
585 12/15/77 29B
586 12/16/77 29B
587 12/19/77 29B
588 12/20/77 29B
589 12/21/77 298
598 12/22/77 29B
591 11/25/77 3CA
592 11/28/77 38A
593 11/29/77 38A
594 11/38/77 36A
595 12/81/77 36A
596 12/62/77 30A
597 12/85/77 36A
3.5
4.7
1 .8
4.2
2.5
2.1
2.9
3. 1
3.9
4.6
5.2
6.9
18.8
9.5
4.9
6.6
3.2
5.5
2.2
2.6
3.5
4.8
2.8
8.8
3.9
3,8
3.2
9.6
5.8
6.2
6.8
5.9
7.8
8.9
4.1
9.8
5.2
7.8
2.5
3.6
4.2
6.9
1.8
6.1
3.8
2.5
598
599
689
12/96/77 30A
12/87/77 38A
1H/BB/77 38A
4.0
7.8
3.5
5.5
18.8
7.9
9.8
2.6
5.6
11 .2
6.8
6.3
3.9
5.5
3.7
2.9
1.4
2.9
3.2
1.3
2,4
2.2
4.3
6.5
.8
7.1
6.8
6.1
6.8
9.9
7.2
9.7
2.7
4.2
4.9
5,2
4.8
3.5
3.9
3.7
3.1
5.2
9.3
5.9
3.9
2.6
2.9
6.7
9.9
2.5
9.9
1.9
4.3
4.5
3.9
3.3
3.2
2.1
4,1
3.1
2.3
3.8
4.3
12.8
11.5
6.8
18.8
8.2
11.5
11.1
7.6
312
18,1
. Main
T /
AVCi/ Street
3.6 13TH
3.8 13TH
1.2 13TH
3.5 13TH
a. 9 13TH
1.7 13TH
2.7 13TH
Z.I 13TH
4.1 I3TH
5.3 13TH
.8 f1A]N
7.8 MAIN
B.e PAIN
7.8 DA IN
5.9 RAIN
8.9 MAIN
5.2 MAIN
7.6 MAJN
2.5 MAIN
3.1 MAIN
4.2 I6TH
5.8 16TH
.8 16TH
6.4 16TH
3.7 16TH
3.8 16TH
3.5 16TH
6.1 16TH
5.1 16TH
7.8 16TH
6.4 1ST
4.9 1ST
5.5 1ST
5.9 1ST
5.4 1ST
9.5 1ST'
3.8 1ST
8.5 1ST
2.2 1ST
3.7 1ST
4.4 STATE
5.4 STATE
2.5 STATE
4.7 STATE
2.S STATE
3.3 STATE
3.5 STATE
4.7 STATE
3.7 STATE
4.9 STATE
11.8 CAPITOL
9.7 CAPITOL
8.3 CAPITOL
6.4 CAPITOL
6,6 CAPITOL
11.4 CAPITOL
9.9 CAPITOL
7.8 CAPITOL
3.6 CAPITOL
7,8 CAPITOL
Cross
Street
H/O STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/O STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
H/O STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
U/0 BROAOUAY
U/0 BROAOUAV
U/0 BROADUAY
U/0 BROAOUAY
U/0 BROAOUAY
U/0 BROADUAY
U/0 BROADUAY
U/0 BROADUAY
U/0 8ROADUAY
U/0 BROADUAY
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 STATE
H/O STATE
N/0 STATE
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
N/0 IDAHO
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
U/0 18TH
N/0 nYRTLE
N/0 nvRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
N/0 nVRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
N/0 CWRTLE
N/0 HVRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
N/0 MYRTLE
Side
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
N
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
U
u
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Ratio
AM/PM
.95
1.62
.71
1.45
.78
1.62
1 .51
1,41
.91
.62
.08
.97
1.67
1.56
.72
.6)
.44
.57
.81
.48
.71
.92
.80
1.67
1.11
1.80
.86
2.98
.96
.67
1.15
1.51
3.88
3.87
.61
.91
2.08
.71
1.32
.78
.93
1.77
.55
1.91
1.43
.61
1.29
3.84
.92
1.28
.83
.69
1.44
.19
.61
.97
.61
.83
1.32
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
I/ AM - Four-hour average
for 10 AM to 2 PM
2y PM - Four-hour average
for 2 PM to 6 PM
3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-l contd.
Record
No.
Date Site
2/
-'
w
C-C". 12-P9.77 30B
eo£ ;a. :e'77 306
fC; 12'13/77 38B
ttCM 12 14/7? 36B
£Cf 12-15'77 39B
oOc 12-16/77 38B
6?? 12'19.'77 3«B
FOP 12/30/77 38B
6t"J 13/31/77 30B
610 12/22/77 3eB
611 11/25/77 31A
61£ 11/28/77 31A
E13 11/29/77 31A
614 11/30/77 3lA
615 12/91/77 31ft
£16 12/82/77 31A
M7 ia/95/77 31A
€18 12/96/77 31A
619 12/97/77 31A
629 12/98/77 31A
621 12/99/77 31B
622 12/12/77 31B
623 12/13/77 318
624 12/14/77 318
625 12/15/77 3)B
626 12/16/77 318
627 12/19/77 31B
£28 l2'29/77 31B
629 12/21/77 31B
630 12/22/77 318
631 12/09/77 328
632 12/12/77 328
633 12/13/77 328
634 12/14/77 328
635 12/15/77 32B
636 12/16/77 328
637 12/19/77 328
638 12/2P/77 328
639 12/21/77 328
640 12/22/77 32B
641 11/25/77 33A
642 11/28/77 33A
643 11/29/77 33A
644 11/38/77 33A
645 ia/01/77 33A
646 12/02/77 33«
647 12/05/77 33A
648 12/96/77 33A
649 12/97/77 33A
659 12/06/77 33A
651 12/89/77 338
esa ia/ia/77 338
653 12/13/77 33B
654 12/14/77 338
655 12/15/77 33B
656 12/16/77 338
657 12/19/77 338
658 12/20/77 338
659 ia/ai/77 33B
669 12/22/77 331
2.9
3.4
1.9
8.0
1.9
3.0
a.i
a.i
5.8
5.7
a.9
3.9
a.3
4.9
2.3
2.7
3.0
4.0
.9
6.9
9.7
9.9
4.8
6. a •
6.3
5.9
4.8
4.9
.9
7.1
a. 9
4.5
4.0
3.9
5.8
4. I
4. a
6.0
.8
10.3
6.7
.0
.8
4.1
5.0
3.0
8.0
•>.a
.0
8.8
9.1
9.9
3.2
18.5
18.9
.0
7. a
6.0
5.1
7.8
3.2
6.6
3.1
3.0
s.a
s. a
4.9
5.1
3.5
4.7
.0
10.5
s.a
5.1
6.9
9. a
7.0
6.6
.9
5.7
5.9
4.3
a. a
5.3
4.8
4.3
4.3
.8
4.3
6.5
8.1
9.1
a.s
4. a
7,1
5.8
9.8
3.1
6.5
9.8
13.3
.8
9.8
13.3
5.9
.9
11.1
5.1
6.3
u. a
6.1
3.8
5.8
10.1
3.0
9.9
7.0
0.1
7.5
7.8
Main
AVcl'Street
4.9 STATE
4.6 STATE
a. 4 STATE
6.0 STATE
8.1 STATE
4.0 STATE
2, 3 STATE
3. 4 STATE
3. 3 STATE
4.4 STATE
.0 CAPITOL
B.7 CAPITOL
7.S CAPITOL
7.5 CAPITOL
5.8 CAPITOL
7.7 CAPITOI.
6.7 CAPITOL
6.3 CAPITOL
.9 CAPITOL
4.9 CAPITOL
.8 15TH
5.7 1STH
2.1 1STH
4.9 ISTH
4.4 15TH
4.1 ISTH
4.7 ISTH
.9 ISTH
4,3 ISTH
6.3 ISTH
.9 16TH
9.7 16TH
4.6 ISTH
.9 16TH
.8 16TH
4.6 16TH
7.9 16TH
3.8 16TH
7.3 16TH
6.1 16TH
.8 9TH
.8 9TH
9.5 9TH
11.6 9TH
4.1 9TH
.9 9TH
18.6 9TH
.8 9TH
6.8 9TH
B.6 9TH
5.6 GROUE
5.4 CROUE
4.5 CROUE
8.4 CROUE
3.9 GROUE
6.5 GROUE
6.1 GROUE
7.3 CROUE
6. a GROUE
6.S GROUE
Cross
Street
U/0 2STH
U/0 aSTH
U-'O aSTH
U/0 aSTH
U/0 2STH
U/0 2STH
U/0 25TH
U/0 55TH
U/0 2STH
U/0 25TH
M/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
M/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIM
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N'/O MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 PIA1N
N/0 (IAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 B1UER ROAD
N/0 R1UER ROAD
N/0 R]UER ROAD
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 RIUER ROAD
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
N/0 MAIN
U/0 UTH
U/0 UTH
U/0 11TH
U/0 UTH
U/0 11 TH
U/0 UTH
U/0 11TH
U/0 11TH
U/0 1STM
U/0 11TH
Side
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
h
Ratio
AM/PM
.58
.60
.66
a. 95
.83
,61
.91
.78
.86
.85
.90
.66
1.87
1.94
.67
.67
.90
.89
.90
.79
.99
1.65
.91
.85
.83
.91
1.16
.09
.98
.93
.99
1.13
a.68
.09
.00
.82
.56
.97
1.23
.80
.80
.80
.93
,74
.64
.80
.90
.00
1.14
.54
.84
1.84
.55
.65
1.03
.38
.74
.57
.65
.65
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no
valid data and were omitted
from calculations.
_!/ AM - Four-hour average
~ for 10 AM to 2 PM
2J PM - Four-hour average
~~ for 2 PM to 6 PM
_3/ AVC - Eight-hour average
for 10 AM to 6 PM
-------
TABLE D-2.
Ratios of Eight-Hour Averages (EPA Study Sites and the Permanent Monitor) Sorted by EPA
Study Site (CO in ppm)
X
o
Record
No.
*
2
3
..
t;
c
8
9
\fi
11
12
13
N
15
16
17
18
19
28
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
38
31
32
33
34
35
36
"37
38
39
48
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
58
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
SB
59
60
61
Date
H-25/77
11-26/77
11 '29-77
11 30/77
12 01 '77
12. 03/77
12--OS-77
12.'66'77
12/87/77
12/08/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/36/77
12/91/77
12/62/77
12/65/77
12/96/77
12/67/77
12/68/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/36/77
12/61/7?
12/02/77
12/85/77
12/06/77
12/67/77
12/68/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
Site
1
I
1
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
1
1
1
1
l
l
l
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
AVsl
8.8
9.8
8.3
18.7
.8
16.5
9.9
6.2
6. 4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.6
19.7
6.6
16. B
4. 1
10, 3
13.7
8.8
9.8
8.3
18.7
.8
16.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.6
16.7
6.6
19.8
4. 1
16.2
13.7
B.8
9.8
8.3
16.7
.6
ie.s
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1 .3
4.6
10.7
6.6
16. B
4. 1 •
16.2
13.7
B.8
/AVC-
8.6
16. 1
11.6
9.9
11.6
14.7
16.2
12.4
4 . 6
7.5
9,6
11 . 1
4 . 1
10.4
8.2
B-. 2
9.6
8.8
16.4
12.6
9.8
4.8
4.5
4. a
1 .5
6.6
S.S
2.6
4.3
.0
.6
3.6
1.2
.0
4. I
3.5
5. 1
2.7
5.6
7.7
4.8
.6
2.5
1 .7
1 ,5
4,2
2,6
2.4
1 .4
1 . 8
3.5
1 .2
.7
1 .3
1 .7
1 , 2
2.2
1 .5
2.7
4.8
5.9
Ratio
AVC/AVS
1.8
1.6
1.3
.9
.6
1.4
1.6
2.6
.7
1.6
.9
2.1
3.3
2.6
.8
1.4
.9
2.1
i.e
.9
1.6
.4
.5
.b
.6
.6
.6
.4
.7
,e
.2
.7
1.8
.6
.4
.6
.5
.7
.6
.6
.5
.6
.3
.2
.8
. 4
.3
.4
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.3
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
.3
.7
Record
No.
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
76
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
ee
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
SB
89
96
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
198
161
182
163
184
185
166
187
168
189
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
126
Date Site AVSl/AVC^
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/36/77
12/81/77
12/62/77
12/65/77
12/86/77
12/87/77
12/88/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/36/77
12/61/77
12/62/77
12/65/77
12/66/77
12/67/77
12/88/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/26/77
13/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/38/77
12/61/77
12/62/77
12/65/77
12/66/77
12/67/77
12/68/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
13/19/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
S
5
5
5
5
-5
5
5
5
S
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
S
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
g
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
9.8
8.3
18.7
.6
18.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1 .3
4.6
16.7
6.6
16.8
4. 1
16.2
13.7
8.8
9.8
B.3
16.7
.6
18.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1 .3
4.8
16.7
6.6
ie.8
4. 1
18.2
13.7
8.8
9.8
8.3
16.7
.8
10.5
9.9
6.2
E.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
I .3
•4.8
16.7
6.0
16.8
4. 1
10.2
13.7
A ?
T . k
5 . 4
5 . 1
5. i
9 .5
S R
5 . u
fi a
u . V
? fi
u . D
3. 3
C 1
3.1
fi 0
(J > V
2. 4
5 . 7
2 !?
•; A
y • v
1 1
j.i
4 .5
4 . 6
4 .6
16.7
7 .6
6.7
6. 4
4 .5
n.c
* 3
7.7
8 1
a • 1
3.6
5.7
5.0
7.8
1 .5
2.7
6, 6
5.4
7.6
4 . 1
6. 4
11.8
8.6
3. 1
5.3
5. 1
.0
16. ~5
5. 4
9. 4
1 . 8
1 T
j . j
4 0
n • »
. 0
4 . 1
6.5
? <;
u . 3
5 . 4
2 . 7
6. 2
4 . 4
4,4
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.4
.6
.5
.8
.9
.6
1.6
.4
.4
.5
1.3
1.9
1.4
.3
.fi
.3
1.1
.4
.3
1.2
.7
.8
.6
.6
1.3
.8
1.3
.6
.7
.5
1.3
1.2
.7
.6
.9
.7
1.6
.6
.9
i.e
.3
.6
.5
.8
1.8
.5
1.5
.3
.4
.5
.0
3.3
1.6
.2
.9
.3
1.5
.4
.3
NOTE: Zeroes in-
dicate no valid
data & were emitter
from calculations.
I/ AVS - Eight-houi
average (10 AM -
6 PM at the per-
manent monitor,
115 1/2 Ninth St.
'2J AVC - Eight-houi
average at the
study site.
-------
TABLE D-2 contd.
Record
No.
Date Site
\i\ U'25.7?
12£ 11 -25 '77
:$:? ;i 29-77
IJN 11 30-77
12? l2.'0l.-7?
US 12 03/77
127 12VS-77
1S8 12/06/77
129 12/07/77
130 12/08-77
131 12/09/77
132 12/12/77
131 12/13/77
134 12/14/77
135 12/15/77
136 12/16/77
137 12/19/77
138 12/26/77
139 12/21/77
146 12/22/77
HI 11/25/77
142 11/28/77
143 U/29/77
144 11-36/77
145 12/61/77
146 12/62/77
147 12/65/77
148 12/06/77
149 12/67/77
156 12/OH/77
151 12/68/77
152 12/12/77
153 12/13/77
154 I2/H/77
155 12/15/77
156 12/16/7?
157 12/19/77
158 12/20/77
159 12/21/77
160 12/22/7?
161 11/25/77
162 11/28/77
163 11/29/77
164 11/36/77
165 12/61/77
166 12/62/77
167 12/05/77
168 12/66/77
169 12/67/77
176 12/68/77
171 12/69/77
172 12/12/77
173 12/13/77
174 12/14/77
l?5 12/15/77
176 12/16/77
177 12/19/77
178 12/20/7?
179 12/21/77
180 12/22/7?
181 11/25/77
7 8.8
7 9.8
7 8.3
7 16.7
7 .0
7 16.5
7 9.9
7 6.2
7 6.4
7 7.6
7 9.7
7 5,2
7 1.3
7 4.0
7 16.7
7 6.0
7 16. B
7 4.1
7 16.2
7 13.7
8 8.8
8 9.8
B 8.3
8 16.7
8 .6
a 10.5
a 9.9
a 6.2
8 6.4
8 7.6
8 9.7
8 5.2
8 1.3
8 4.0
a 10.7
8 6.6
8 16.8
8 4.1
a 10,2
8 13.7
9 8.8
9 9.8
9 B. 3
9 10.7
9 ,6
9 16.5
9 9.9
9 6.2
9 6.4
9 7.6
9 9.7
9 5.2
9 1.3
9 4.6
9 16.7
9 6.6
9 10. B
9 4.1
9 10.2
0 13.7
11 8.8
.0
.0
.0
8.4
5.0
.0
7.0
7.8
4.4
.0
7.8
8.1
2.8
6.1
5.8
7.0
•7.6
.0
.6
.6
13.6
6.5
8.6
.6
5.6
.6
.6
.6
4.5
5.6
4.1
8.1
.6
.6
5.6
7.1
.6
.6
8.8
9.6
.0 '
7.5
9.1
8.5
9.3
13.6
7.8
11.9
.6
6.2
7.9
10,9
.6
9.1
6.2
5.3
6.2
8.4
7.2
B.I
9.1
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.6
.6
.7
1.3
.7
.6
.8
i.e
2.2
1.5
.5
1.2
.6
.6
.6
.6
1.5
.7
1.6
.6
.6
.0
.0
.7
.7
,4
1.6
.0
.0
.5
1.2
.6
.0
.9
.7
.0
.8
1.1
.8
.0
1.3
.8
1.9
.6
.8
.8
B.I
.0
2.3.
.6
.9
.E
2,6
.7
.6
1.6
Record
— t **. i
No. Date Site AVsi/AVC^/
182 11/28/77
183 11/29/77
184 11/30/77
IBS 12/61/77
186 12/02/77
187 12/65/77
188 12/66/77
189 12/67/77
190 12/68/77
191 12/09/77
192 12/12/77
193 12/13/77
194 12/14/77
195 12/15/77
196 12/16/77
197 12/19/77
198 12/20/77
199 12/21/77
200 12/22/77
261 11/25/77
202 11/28/77
203 11/29/77
264 11/30/77
265 12/01/77
E66 12/02/77
207 12/05/77
208 12/66/77
269 12/67/77
216 12/08/77
211 12/69/77
212 12/12/77
213 12/13/77
214 12/14/77
215 12/15/77
216 12/16/77
217 12/19/77
21B 12/26/77
219 12/21/77
226 12/22/77
221 11/25/77
222 11/28/77
223 11/29/77
224 11/36/77
225 12/01/77
226 12/62/77
227 12/65/77
228 12/06/77
229 12/67/77
236 12/68/77
231 12/69/77
232 12/12/77
233 12/13/77
234 12/14/77
235 12/15/77
23G 12/16/77
237 12/19/77
238 12/26/77
239 12/21/77
240 12/22/77
11 8.8 4.6
It 8.3 6.8
11 16.7 4.5
11 .6 12.9
11 10.5 15.6
11 9.9 ,6
U 6.2 13.3
11 6.4 2.0
11 7.6 4.1
11 9.7 .0
11 5.2 9.9
11 1.3 9.8
11 4.0 11.9
11 16.7 3.7
11 6.6 7.2
11 10.8 4.4
11 4.1 10.1
11 10.2 7.0
11 13.7 6.2
12 8.8 8.6
12 9.8 .6
12 8.3 .0
12 16.7 .0
12 .0 4.0
12 16.5 9.5
12 9.9 5.5
12 6.2 E.5
12 6'.-4 3.8
12 7.6 5.0
12 9.7 5.3
12 5.2 6.0
12 1.3 2.7
12 4.6 4.6
12 16.7 3.9
12 6.0 3.1
12 16.8 4.7
12 4,1 4.0
12 10.2 5.2
12 13.7 5.9
13 B.8 .6
13 9.8 10.7
13 8.3 16.4
13 16.7 16.8
13 .0 4.1
13 10.5 11.5
13 9.9 .6
13 6,2 7.2
13 6.4 6,5
13 7.6 9.4
13 9.7 11.1
13 5.2 6.3
13 1.3 2.7
13 4.0 3.9
13 10.7 9.8
13 6.6 6.6
13 19.8 12.4
13 4.1 4.1
13 16.2 10.2
13 13.7 14.2
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.S
.8
.4
.0
1.5
.6
2.2
.3
.5
.6
1.9
7.8
3.6
.3
1.2
,4
2.4
.7
.5
i.e
.6
.0
.0
.9
.6
1.1
.6
.7
.5
1.2
2.1
1.2
.4
.5
.4
1 .6
.5
.4
.6
1.1
1 .2
1 .6
.0
1.1
.0
1.2
1.6
1.2
1.1
1 .2
2.2
1.0
.9
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.6
NOTE: Zeroes indicaJ
no valid data & wertf
omitted from
calculations .
I/ AVS - Eight-hour!
average (10 AM - 6 1
at the permanent '
monitor, 115 1/2
Ninth Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hourl
average at the stud}|
site.
-------
TABLE D-2 contd.
Record
No.
Date
site AVS^/'AVC-/
18.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
18.2
13.7
8.6
9.B
,3
.7
,0
.s
10
2-1 11 £5 77 14 8.8 I
H2 11/28 77 14 9.8
.-•O 11 29 77 M 8.3
2-14 11 36-77 14 10.7
t-t? 12''01'77 14 .0
£J6 12-02/77 14 10.5
IM? 12-05-77 H 9.9
2*9 12'06/77 14 6.2
C49 12/07/77 14 6.4
250 12'08'77 14 7.6
251 12/09/77 14 9.7
P.S2 12/12/77 14 5.2
253 12/13/77 14 1.3
254 12/14/77 14
255 12MS/77 14
256 12/16/77 14
25? 12/19/77 14
258 12/20/77 14
259 12/21/77 H
260 12/23/77 14
261 11/25/77 15
26R 11/28/77 15
263 11/29/77 15
264 11/30/77 IS
265 12/01/77 15
266 12/02/77 15 10
267 12/85/77 IS 9.9
268 12/06/77 IS 6.2
.269 12/87/77 IS 6.4
270 12/08/77 15 7,6
271 12/89/77 15 9.7
272 12/12/77 IS 5.2
273 12/13/77 15 1.3
274 ia/14/77 15 4,0
275 12/15/77 15 10.7
276 12/16/77 15 6.0
277 12/19/77 15 10.8
278 12/20/77 15 4.1
279 12/21/77 15 10.2
280 12/22/77 15 13,7
281 11/25/77 16 8.B
282 11/28/77 16 9.8
283 11/29/77 16 8.3
2B4 11/30/77 16 10.7
BBS 12/01/77 16 .0
286 12/02/77 16 10.5
2B7 12/05/77 16 9.9
288 12/06/77 16 6.2
289 12/07/77 16 6.4
298 12/0B/77 16 7,6
291 12/09/77 16 9.7
292 12/12/77 16 5.2
293 12/13/77 16 1.3
294 12/14/77 16 4.8
295 12/15/77 16 18.7
296 12/16/77 16 6.0
297 12/19/77 16 18.8
298 12/28/77 16 4.1
299 12/21/77 16 10.2
360 12/22/77 16 13.7
38i n/as/77 i? a.a
1.2
3.6
7.1
7.1
6.6
7.9
7.4
7.1
4,7
4.9
7.1
6.3
2.4
4.6
5.1
6.1
6.7
.0
7.8
.8
.8
.8
.0
7,5
4.1
.0
6.2
4.1
1.8
3.1
6.2
5.9
1.1
2.4
3.2
3.1
5.1
3.6
5.6
7.6
8.5
5,8
S.9
4.2
9.S
7.6
6.1
3.7
6.4
4.9
5.7
1.3
2.4
7.0
3.0
8.9
2.7
5.6
9.4
13.6
Ratio
AVC/AVS
Record
No.
1.3
.4
.8
.7
.0
.7
.7
1.1
.7
.6
.7
1.2
1.9
1. 1
.5
1.0
.6
.0
.8
.0
,0
.7
.6
.7
.3
. 4
.6
1.1
.8
,£
.3
.5
.5
.9
.6
.6
1.0
.6
.8
.5
.0
.9
.8
1.0
.6
.8
.5
1.1
1.0
.6
.6
.5
,B
.7
.5
.7
1.5
302
303
304
305
386
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
32S
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
Date
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/01/77
12/02/77
12/05/77
12/06/77
12/07/77
12/88/77
12/09/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
13/15/77
13/16/77
12/19/77
ia/30/77
ia/ai/77
ia/aa/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/7?
11/30/77
12/81/77
12/02/77
12/65/77
12/06/77
12/07/77
12/08/77
12/09/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
13/16/77
12/19/77
ia/20/77
13/31/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/01/77
12/02/77
12/05/77
12/06/77
12/07/77
12/08/77
ia/09/77
12/12/77
ia/13/77
13/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
Site
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
IB
18
18
IB
IB
18
IB
18
18
18
IB
18
18
18
IB
IB
IB
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
IB
19
.9.8
S.3
10.7
.0
10.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
S.2
1
4.0
8.3
15.2
12/22/77 19 13.7
10.2
.0
4.7
6.3
5.7
3.2
6.7
5.1
5.5
.0
5,9
4.5
7.7
12.1
7.4
7.8
8.5
10.8
15.3
.0
10.4
6.4
5,6
S,B
9.3
5,7
9.4
5.1
8.5
7.5
7,0
8.1
11.2
10.2
9.6 9,5
8.3 7.4
10.7 9.2
.0 . 5.9
19.5 12
9.9 E
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.a
1.3
4.0 6
10.7 6.3
6.0 6.0
10.8 6.B
4.1 3.0
l«.a 7.3
9.9
4.0
10.7
6.0
10.8
10'.3
13.7
8.8
9.8
8.3
10.7,
.0
10.5
9.9
6.3
6.4
7.6
9.7
s.a
1.3
4.0
18.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
10.2
13.7
.1
.7
8.0
6.2
4.7
7.6
6.0
2.9
1
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.5
1.5
.0
1.6
.0
.6
.6
l.l
a.e
1.7
.5
.9
.0
1.4
.4
.6
1.4
.8
.9
.8
.0
1.5
.0
1.7
1.0
.7
.6
1.8
4.5
2.3
.5
1.4
.7
1.7
.8
.8
1.2
1.0
.9
.9
.0
1.2
.7
1.3
1.0
.6
1.2
a.3
1.5
.6
l.O
.6
.7
.7
.7
NOTE: Zeroes indicate
no valid data & were
omitted from
calculations.
I/ AVS - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM.
at the permanent mor
itor, 115 1/2 Ninth
Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour
average at, the stud]
site.
-------
TABLE D-2 contd.
Record
No.
Date Site
O
&
u
11 25 '77
11 '2B-'?7
U 29-77
It '3? '77
3C9
370
371
3?c
373
J74
375
?76
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
3G6
387
368
3B9
390
391
393
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
466
401
4oa
403
404
405
406
487
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
480
I2'0a'77
ia-05'77
ia-06/77
ia'07/77
13. '08/77
ta/09/77
ia/ia/77
18/13/77
ia/H/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/7?
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
U/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/01/77
12'02/77
12/05/77
12/06/77
12/87/77
12/68/77
12/09/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/01/77
12/02/77
ia/OS/77
12/06/77
12/67/77
12/68/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
ll/ES/77
20
26
26
ao
26
20
20
ao
20
20
20
20
ao
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
8.8
9.8
8.3
10.7
.6
10.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
10.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
10.2
13.7
8.8
9.8
8.3
10.7
.0
10.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
10
6.0
10.8
4.1
10.a
13.7
B.a
9.8
,3
,7
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
10
.0
10.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
10.7
6.0
I0.8
4.1
10
13
B.B
11.3
.e
7.8
8.2
11.0
13.B
8.6
11.5
3.0
5.2
6.9
9.0
3.8
9.1
5.6
4.7
7.4
J0.1
7.3
9.6
8.1
3.3
4.1
3.7
8.4
9.9
5.6
8.0
2.0
3.a
3.7
6.0
4.3
7.2
3.2
3.0
2.9
4.1
4.0
4.6
9.1
4.6
6.9
5.3
5.8
It.I
5.G
7.6
2.1
.4,6
6.2
7.1
2.9
6.0
5.1
4.0
4. 1
3.9
5.4
B.4
9.4
Ratio
AVC/AVS
1.3
.e
.9
.8
.0
1.3
,9
1.9
.5
.7
.7
1.7
3.0
2.3
.5
.8
.7
2.4
.7
,7
.9
.3
.5
.3
.0
.9
.6
1.3
.3
.4
.4
1.2
3.4
1.8
.3
.5
.3
1.0
.4
.3
1.6
.5
.8
.5
.0
1.1
.6
1.2
.3
.5
.6
1.4
Record
No.
Date Site
1.5
.5
.7
.4
.9
,5
.6
1.1
433 11/28/77 23 9.8
'23 11/29/77 23 8.3
424 11/38/77 23 18.7
425 12/81/77 23 .8
426 12/82/77 23 10.5
437 13/05/77 23 9<9
438 12/06/77 23 6.2
429 12/07/77 23 £.4
430 12/08/77 23 7.6
431 12/09/77 23 9.7
432 13/13/77 23 5.2
433 13/13/77 23 1.3
434 12/14/77 23 4;0
435 12/15/77 23 10.7
436 12/16/77 23 6.0
437 12/19/77 33 10,8
438 13/20/77 23 4.1
439 12/21/77 23 I6i2
440 12/22/77 23 1317
441 11/25/77 24 8:8
442 11/28/77 24 9.8
443 11/29/77 24 B.3
444 11/30/77 24 16
445 12/81/77 24
446 12/02/77 24
447 12/05/77 24
448 12/06/77 24
449 12/07/77 24
450 12/08/77 24
451 12/09/77 24
452 12/12/77 24
453 12/13/77 24
454 12/14/77 24
455 12/15/77 24
456 12/16/77 24
457 12/19/77 24
458 12/20/77 24
459 13/21/77 24
460 12/22/77 24
461 U/25/77 25
462 11/28/77 25
463 11/29/77 25
464 11/30/77 25
465 12/01/77 25
466 12/02/77 25
467 12/05/77 25
468 12/06/77 25
469 12/07/77 25
470 12/68/77 25
471 12/09/77 25
472 12/12/77 25
473 12/13/77 25
474 12/14/77 25
475 12/15/77 25
476 12/16/77 25
477 12/19/77 25
478 12/30/77 25
479 12/21/77 25
480 13/23/77 35
ie
7
0
10:5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
10.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
10.3
13.7
8.8
9.8
,3
,7
.0
10.5
9.9
6.a
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.6
10.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
18.2
13.7
5.8
.9
13.8
11.6
.0
8.9
4.1
4.2
6.0
7.8
4.4
7.5
3.5
5.a
7.1
5.7
5.8
7.3
6.8
3.6
3.8
3.3
7.6
15.1
4.6
9.1
1.1
2.6
3.5
6.4
3.2
7.6
2.8
4.5
2.S
6.0
4. I
5.1
9.6
5.4
7.1
5.9
9.0
13.4
7.6
lt.0
3.8
4.9
6.1
6.4
3.1
.0
£.0
4.2
7.7
5.7
7.1
9.0
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.e
.7
.e
.8
1.1
.6
.6
.6
1.5
3.5
1.9
.3
.9
,7
1.4
.6
.5
.8
.4
.5
.3
.0
is
1.5
.2
.3
.4
i.a
2.6
1.9
.3
.7
.2
1.5
.4
.4
1.0
.5
.8
.6
.0
1.3
.7
1.8
.6
.6
.6
1.2
2.5
.0
.6
.7
.7
1.4
.7
.7
NOTE: Zeroes indical
no valid data & weJ
omitted from
calculations.
I/ AVS - Eight-hour!
average (10 AM-6 PM
at the permanent mol
itor, 115 1/2 Ninthl
Street.
2J AVC - Eight-hours
average at the stud|
site.
-------
TABLE D-2 contd.
Record
No.
Date
Site AVS-/AVC2/
Ratio
AVC/AVI
Record
No.
•>il VI-25/77 26 8.8 8.6
•1:2 ll.'2B-77 26 9.8 6.3
463 11 29^-?7 26 8.3 6.3
•I?-* 11-3P-77 26 10.7 5.1
•*65 12 01.'77 26 .6 5.5
•4fc 12-02/77 26 IB.5 16.6
•«C? 12-'Of/77 26 9,9 4,6
4SS I2.'*6<77 26 6.2 5.6
489 12/97/77 26 6.4 3.6
4PB 12/98/77 26 7.6 3.5
491 12/69/77 26 9.7 4.9
492 12/12/77 26 5.2 4.7
493 12/13/77 26 1.3 2.5
494 12/14/77 26 4.0 8.4
495 12/15/77 26 10.7 4.4
•496 12/16/77 26 6.0 3.4
497 12/19/77 26 10.8 . 4.6
498 12/20/77 26 4.1 4.2
499 12/21/77 26 10.2 4.5
590 12/22/77 26 13.7 6.2
501 11/25/77 32 8.8 16.2
502 11/28/77 32 9.8 11.3
56'J 11/29/77 32 8.3 10.3
504 11/30/77 32 16.7 10.1
505 12/01/77 32 ,0 6,4
506 12/02/77 32 10.5 16.5
507 12/05/77 32 9.9 12,1
508 12/06/77 32 6.2 11.1
509 12/67/77 32 6.4 8.7
510 12/08/77 32 7.6 8.7
511 12/09/77 32 9.7 12.1
512 12/12/77 32 5.2 9.7
513 12/13/77 32 1.3 4.0
514 12/14/77 32 4.8 8,3
515 12/15/77 32 19,7 9.9
516 12/16/77 32 6,0 11.6
517 12/19/77 32 10.8 12.3
518 12/20/77 32 4.1 7.4
519 12/21/77 32 10.2 12.6
530 12/22/77 32 13.7 17.2
531 11/25/77 18A 8,8 11.6
522 11/28/77 1CA 9.8 7.7
523 11/29/77 10A 8,3 9,6
524 11/30/77 |0A 16.7 8.0
535 12/01/77 10A .0 7.9
526 12/02/77 10A 16.5 15.9
527 12/05/77 18A 9.9 13.2
528 12/96/77 18A 6.2 13.0
529 12/07/77 10A 6.4 4.6
530 12/08/77 16A 7,6 8.6
531 11/25/77 27A B.B 5,6
532 11/28/77 27ft 9.B 4.2
533 11/29/77 27A fl.3 -4.5
534 11/30/77 27A 19.7 2,9
535 12/61/77 27A .6 5,4
536 12/0a/77 .27A 19.5 16.1
537 12/05/77 27A 9.9 2.6
538 12/06/77 E7A 6.2 7.2
539 12/07/77 27ft 6.4 1.1
540 U/08/77 27« 7.6 1.8
541 U/09/77 27B 9.7 3.6
1.0
.6
.8
.5
.0
1.0
.5
.8
.4
.5
.4
.9
2.0
2.1
,4
.6
.4
1.6
.4
.5
1.8
1.2
1.2
.9
.0
1.6
1.2
1.8
1 .4
1.1
1.2
1.9
3.2
2.1
.9
1.8
1.1
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
.8
1.2
,7
.0
1.5
1.3
2.1
.7
l.l
.6
.4
.S
.3
.0
1.0
.3
1.2
.e
.2
.4
543
5-44
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
59B
599
600
Date
ia/12/77~
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
ia/aa/77
11/25/77
ii/ae/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
12/01/77
12/02/77
12/95/77
12/06/77
12/67/77
13/08/77
12/89/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
ia/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
U/28/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
ia/01/77
12/03/77
13/05/77
ia/06/77
12/07/77
ia/08/77
ia/09/77
12/12/77
ia/13/77
12/14/77
13/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/20/77
13/21/77
12/23/77
11/25/77
ll/aa/77
11/29/77
11/30/77
13/01/77
ia/0a/77
12/95/77
13/06/77
12/07/77
ia/0B/77
9 I
SiteAVsi'AVC-
27B
37B
27B
27B
278
378
87B
27B
27B
28ft
28A
28A
28A
2BA
28A
28A
28ft
2flft
28A
2BB
2SB
2BB
28B
£88
2BB
2BB
2BB
EBB
28B
29A
29A
29fl
29fl
29A
29A
29A
29A
29A
25A
29B
29B
298
29B
29B
29B
29B
29B
29B
298
38A
30A
30A
38A
30A
30A
30A
30A
36A
30A
s.a
1.3
4.0
10.7
6.0
10.8
i0!a
13.7
8.8
6.8
B.3
16.7
16.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
s!e
10.8
4.1
10.2
13.7
8.8
9.8
8.3
10.7
.0
16.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
4.0
19.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
10.3
13.7
B.B
9.8
8.3
16.7
.6
19.5
9.9
6.a
6.4
7.6
3.8
1.2
3,5
2.9
1.7
2.7
a.7
X.I
5.3
.0
7.6
8.6
7.8
5.9
8.0
s.a
7.6
2.5
3.1
4.2
5.0
.0
6.4
3.7
3.0
3.5
6.1
5.1
7.8
6.4
4.9
5.2
5.9
5.4
9.5
3.B
8.5
2.2
3.7
4.4
5.4
a.s
4.7
2.5
3.3
3.5
4.7
3.7
4.9
11.0
9.7
8.3
6.4
6.6
11.4
9.0
7.0
3.6
7.8
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.7
1.0
.9
.3
.3
,2
.6
.4
.4
.6
.7
1.0
.7
.0
.8
.5
1.2
.4
.4
.4
1.0
.0
1.6
.3
.5
.3
1.5
.5
.6
,7
.5
.6
.6
.0
.9
.4
1.4
.3
.S
.4
1.0
2,e
1.2
.2
.5
.3
1.1
.4
1.2
i .e
1.0
.6
.0
1.1
.9
1.1
.6
1.9
NOTE: Zeroes indicate
no valid data & were
omitted from
calculations.
I/ AVS - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
at the permanent mon-
itor, 115 1/2 Ninth
Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour
average at the study
site.
-------
TABLE D-2 contd.
fc
>-d
W
Record
No.
Date Site AVS- AVC^'
bCl 12'P9'77 368 9.7 4.6
€0e 12--12.-77 36B S.E 4.6
603 12. 13/77 38B 1.3 2.4
604 12.14/77 366 4.6 6.6
bOF 12/15/77 36B 16.7 2.1
606 12-16/77 36B 6.8 4.8
6?~ 12/19/77 38B 16.8 2.2
6PB 12/26/77 38B 4.1 2.4
669 12/21/77 36B 18.2 3.2
616 12/22'77 38B 13.7 4.4
611 11/25/77 3lft
612
613
614
615
616
617
613
619
626
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
62B
629
636
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
646
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
656
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
666
11/28/77 3\A
11/29/77
11/36/77
12/81/77
12/62/77
12/65/77
12/66/77
12/67/77
12/68/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
12/89/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
12/22/77
11/25/77
11/28/77
11/29/77
11/36/77
12/81/77
12/62/77
12/65/77
12/66/77
12/67/77
12/68/77
12/69/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/15/77
- 12/16/77
12/18/77
12/26/77
12/21/77
31ft
3lft
31A
31A
31 A
31ft
31ft
3lA
31B
31B
31B
31B
318
31B
31B
DIB
31B
318
32B
32B
328
32B
32B
32B
32B
328
32B
32B
33A
33A
33A
33A
33A
33A
33A
33A
33A
33ft
33B
33B
338
33B
3HD
33D
33B
33B
338
12/22/77 338
8.8
9.8
8.3
16.7
.6
16.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.6
16.7
6.6
16.8
4.1
16.2
13.7
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.8
16.7
6,8
16.8
4. 1
16.2
13.7
B.8
9.8
8.3
16.7
.6
16.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.6
16.7
6.6
16.8
4.1
16.2
13.7
.8
8.7
7.5
7.5
5.6
7.7
6.7
6.3
• .6
4.9
.6
5.7
2.1
4.9
4.4
4.1
4.7
.6
4.3
6.3
.6
9.7
4.6
.6
.8
4.6
7.6
3.6
7.3
8.1
.8
.6
9.5
11.6
4.1
.6
16.6
.6
6.8
8.6
5.6
5.4
4.5
B.4
3.8
6.5
6.1
7.2
6.2
6.5
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.4
.D
1.9
1.5
.2
.7
.2
.6
.3
.3
.6
.9
.9
.?
.6
.7
.7
i.e
.6
,6
.8
1.1
1.7
1,2
.4
,7
.4
.e
,4
.5
,e
1.9
3.7
.8
.0
.8
.£
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
I.I
1.1
.6
.e
1.1
.e
1.1
1.1
.e
i.e
3.6
2.1
.3
1.1
.6
1.7
.e
.5
NOTE; Zeroes indicate no valid data and were omitted from
calculations.
_!/ AVS - Eight-hour average (10 AM - 6 PM) at the permanent
monitor, 115 1/2 Ninth Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour average at the study site.
-------
TABLE D-3. Ratios of Eight-Hour Averages
for the Permanent Monitor
00
W
X
Record
No. .
2
3
4
f
b
7
5
9
10
11
12
13
14
IE
16
17
18
19
28
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
38
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
58
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
68
Date Site
l£-£2 77
12-22 77
12-22'77
12 22/77
12 22-77
12.22-77
12-22/77
12/22/77
12/22 '77
12-22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12-22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/22/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77'
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
32
13
1
5
18
19
20
16
25
8
22
9
32B
28B
2
17
IS
23
33B
31B
26
11
12
27B
24
29B
21
4
6
30B
3
7
14
13
32
1
16
25
5
18
20
23
7
32B
19
14
9
33B
2
15
12
31B
26
11
22
29B
28B
4
21
6
AVS-^AVC^
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7.
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
10.8
10.8
18.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
18.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
18.8
10.8
10.8
17.2
14.2
12.6
11.8
11.2
9.9
9.6
9.4
9.0
9.0
8.4
8.1
8.1
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.3
6.5
6.3
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.3
5.1
4.9
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.0
.8
.8
12.4
12.3
9.6
8.9
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.1
7.8
7.8
6.8
6.7
£.2
6.1
5.1
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.1
3.5
3.5
3.1
2.9
2.7
Averages (EPA Study Sites
.tor (CO in ppm)
Record
Ratio
AVC/AVS
1.3
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.0
.8
1.1
1.1
.9
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.E
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
No.
62
63
64
65
'66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
98
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
118
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
and the
Permanent Moi
1 / 2
Date Site
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/19/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
12/15/77
11/30/77
11/38/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/38/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/38/77
11/38/77
11/38/77
24
38B
3
8
17
32
13
1
16
5
19
9
25
7
28
17
18
22
14
8
26
31B
2
12
11
28B
23
15
21
33B
27B
24
4
29B
6
38B
3
32B
33ft
13
32
1
19
18
9
7
20
10A
28A
15
31A
14
5
39A
2
25
29A
16
22
AVS-'
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.7
10.7
18.7
18.7
10.7
10.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
10.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
10.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
AVC—
2.5
2.2
2.2
.8
.8
9.9
9.8
8.2
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.2
6.8
5.8
5.6
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.8
4.4
4.4
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.1
1.7
.0
11.6
18.8
18.1
9.9
9.2
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.2
8.8
7.8
7.5
7.5
7.1
6.4
6.4
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.3
120 RECORDfS)
by the Average
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.2
.2
.2
.8
.0
.9
.9
.8
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.0
1.1
1.8
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
NOTE: Zeroes indicate
no valid data and
were omitted from
calculations.
I/ AVS - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
carbon monoxide at
the permanent monitor
115 1/2 Ninth Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
at the study site.
-------
TABLE D-3 contd.
X
o
Record
No.
Icl
Ic2
123
134
135
l£o
12T
12s
Ic9
130
121
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
He
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
143
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
153
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
i
/ 0
Date Site AVS^'AVC^-
11 20 77
11 30/77
11-' 30/77
11 '30/77
11.30-77
11 30/77
11/30-77
11 '30/77
ll'30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/02/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
6
26
4
11
17
21
24
27A
3
8
12
23
32
10A
11
18
17
24
1
20
9
5
25
19
23
13
30A
22
26
6
27A
16
21
4
12
29A
28A
14
31A
2
3
7
8
15
33A
32
1
13
8
18
14
19
20
32 B
9
25
11
5
33B
23
2
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
18.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.5
10.5.
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
19.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.5
4.0
3.7
3.3
8.9
1.7
.0
.0
.0
16.5
15.9
15.6
15.3
15.2
15.1
14.7
13.8
13.6
13.5
13.4
12.1
11.6
11.5
11.4
11.1
10.6
10.5
10.1
9.9
9.9
9.5
9.5
9.5
8.0
7.9
7.7
6.6
4.2
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.6
10.4
10.2
8.8
8.1
7.8
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.4
6.2
5.8
S.fi
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.0
.0
.0
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
.7
.7
.6
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.2
1.0
1.0
.9
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
Record
No.
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
Date
12/2T/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/81/77
12/21/77
t3/ai.'77
J3/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/21/77
12/81/77
12/81/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
12/05/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
11/28/77
Site
15
16
88
18
28B
4
17
26
6
31B
27B
24
81
29B
30B
3
7
10A
32
33A
1
30A
20
9
5
16
14
7
25
19
31A
IS
4
22
21
12
2
6
28A
26
24
29A
3
37A
8
11
13
17
18
23
32
13
1
30A
19
31A
10A
9
18
1
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.8
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.2
te.a
10.2
10.2
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
/ 9 /
'AV(£'
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.2
S.I
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.2
2.7
.0
13.2
12.1
10.6
10.2
9.0
8.6
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.7
6.2
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.2
4.6
4.6
3.8
8.6
2.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
11.3
10.7
10.1
9.7
9.S
8.7
7.7
7.5
7.4
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
,4
.4
.3
.3
.0
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.8
.8
.8
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
,4
.4
.3
.3
.0
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.8
.8
.8
NOTE: Zeroes indicate
no valid data and
were omitted from
calculations.
_!/ AVS - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
carbon monoxide at
the permanent monitor ,
115 1/2 Ninth Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
at the study site.
-------
TABLE D^3 cnnf.d.
Record
No.
Date Site
Record
Nd.
Date
X
o
i*\ U.-eB.'T? 5 '
2'2 11-23'?? : 28.A
c-U 11/2B'?7 ; r;B "
244 11 '28'77 'i >&(, ••'
£4? 11.-28/77 116
t23
264 11/28/77 ' 33ft
265 12/69/77 ' 32
266 12/99/77 13
267 12/69/77 1
268 12/69/77 9
269 12/69/77 7
276 12/69/77 19
271 12/89/77 14
272 12/89/77 26
273 12/99/77 17
274 12/69/77 22
275 12/69/77 15
276 12/69/77 25
277 12/69/77 23
278 12/69/77 18
279 12/69/77 338
286 12/89/77 12
281 12/69/77 4
282 12/69/77 5
283 12/89/77 6
284 12/89/77 16
285 12/89/77 298
286 12/69/77 2BB
287 12/69/77 8
288 12/69/77 26
289 12/89/77 368
298 12/69/77 21
291 12/69/77 27>
293 12/69/77 3
293 12/66/77
294 12/99/77
295 12/69/77
296
297
298
299
366
12/69/77 31B
12/99/77 32B
11/25/77 32
11/25/77 17
11/25/77 B
11/25/77 18
9.8
9|8
9|8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9'. 8
9'. a
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9,8
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9,7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9,7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
B.B
8.8
B.B
B.B
.1
7.6
7.8
6,5
6,3
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.2
4.8
3.6
3.6
3.3
' 3.1
.6
.8
.8
.8
.8
12.1
11
9.6
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.1
6.9
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.8
5.8
5.6
5,3
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.9
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.6
4.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.5
.8
16.2
13.G
13.8
12.1
Ratio
AVC/AVS
,7
,7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
,5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.8
.6
.6
.8
.9
.8
.6
1.2
1.1
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
,4
l.B
1.5
1.5
1.4
362 11/25/77 16A
383 11/25/77 28
364 11/25/77 14
365 11/25/77 38A
396 11/25/77 5
367 11/25/77 19
368 11/25/77 E3
369 11/25/77 11
316 11/25/77 22
311 11/25/77 25
312 11/25/77 2
313 11/25/77 12
314 11/25/77 I
315 11/25/77 6
316 11/25/77 £6
317 11/25/77 16
318 11/25/77 21
319 11/25/77 24
326 11/25/77 29A
321 11/25/77 4
322 11/25/77 27A
323 .11/25/77 3
324 11/25/77 7
325 11/25/77 9,
32G 11/25/77 13
327 11/25/77 15
328 11/25/77 28A
329 11/25/77 31A
338 11/25/77 33A
331 11/29/77 1
332 11/29/77 13
333 11/29/77 32
334 11/29/77 18A
335 11/29/77 33A
336 11/29/77 S
337 11/H9/77 38A
338 11/29/77 28A
339 11/29/77 8
346 11/29/77 26
341 11/29/77 IB
342 11/29/77 31A
343 11/29/77 19
344 H/29/77 14
345 11/23/77 25
346 11/29/77 22
347 11/29/77 11
348 11/29/77 5
349 11/29/77 26
356 11/29/77 23
351 11/29/77 4
352 11/28/77 6
353 11/29/77 28«
354 11/29/77 2
355 11/29/77 27fl
356 11/29/77 21
357 11/39/77 24
358 11/29/77 3
359 11/29/77 7
369 11/29/77 .12
B.B
8.8
fliB
B.B
8.8
B.B
B!B
B.B
B.B
s la
8,8
B.B!
8.B
B.B
8.8
8.8
8.8
s]s,
8,8'
8.8
8.B
8.8
8.B
8.8
8.8
8.8
B.B
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
B.3
8.3
8.3
fl.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
B.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
B.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
.6
.3
.2
.8
.7
.2
11
11
11
11
16
18
9.4
9.1
9.1
9.8
9.6
8.6
8.6
B.6
B.6
8.5
8.1
6.8
6.4
5.9
5.6
4.8
.8
.8
, 4
.3
11,
16.
16.
9.6
9.5
9.1
8.3
8.8
8.8
7.8
7,8
7.5
7.4
7.1
7.1
6.9
6.8
6,7
6.3
5.8
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.5
4.5
4. 1
3,8
2.5
Ratio
AVC/AVS
1.3
,3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
.9
,8
.7
.7
.6
.5
,8
.8
.9
.8
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.8
1A
i 9
1.8
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
. 8
.8
.8
.8
,7
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
5
5
3
6
6
NOTE: Zeroes indicate
no valid data and
were omitted from
calculations.
I/ AVS - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
carbon monoxide at the
permanent monitor,
115 1/2 Ninth Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
at the study site.
-------
TABLE D-3 contd.
Record
No.
Date Site
Record
No.
Date Site AVS^1 AVC^/
361 H'29'7?
3e2 11/29/77
*f j
364
365
365
367
36S
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379 -
380
331
15 382
33 3"
M 3E4
% 385
2 386
£ 387
388
0 389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
11 29 '77
12-08/77
12 08 '77
15
16
I?
13
32
12-08/77 33A
12--06'77 10A
12/08/77 30A
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/88/77
12/08/77
12/88/77
12/88/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/88/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/88/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/08/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
13/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
12/07/77
1
16
9
5
18
20
8
12
14
25
31A
17
19
23
11
22
29ft
26
4
E
21
IS
2BA
24
3
27A
2
7
32
33A
13
IB
19
14
10A
1
8
7
2
23
12
25
16
5
30A
20
26
4
B.3
B.3
8.3
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
28A 6.4
29A
22
21
11
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
.0
.0
.0
9.4
8.7
B.6
8.0
7.8
7.5
6.4
6.2
5.7
5.6
5.2
5.0
5.0-
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.1
2.6
l.B
1.8
.0
.0
8.7
6.8
6.5
6.4
6,2
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.0
.0
,0
1.2
1.1
1.1
l.l
1.0
1.9
.8
.B
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.3
.1
.2
1.4
1.1
i.e
1.9
i.e
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
,£
.6
.6
.5
.4
,4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
432 12/07/77 E £.4
423 12/07/77 IS 6.4
424 12/87/77 3 6,4
42S 12/87/77 24 6,4
426 12/87/77 27A 6.4
427 12/07/7? 9 6.4
428 12/87/77 17 6.4
429 12/87/77 31A 6.4
438 12/86/77 It 6.2
431 12/86/77 10A 6,2
432 12/86/77 1 6.2
433 12/86/77 9 6.2
434 12/86/7? 20 6.2
435 12/86/77 32 6.2
436 12/66/77 25 6.. 2
437 12/96/77 IB 6.2
438 12/86/77 17 6.2
439 12/86/77 6 6.2
448 12/86/77 24 '6.2
441 12/86/77 23 6.2
442 12/86/77 29A 6.2
443 12/86/77 5 6.2
444 12/86/77 81 6.2
445 12/06/77 19 6.2
446 12/86/77 7 6.2
447 12/86/77 28* 6.2
448 12/86/77 22 6.2
449 12/86/77 13 6.2
458 12/86/77 27A 6.2
451 12/86/77 14 6.2
452 12/86/77 30A 6.2
453 12/86/77 12 6.2
454 12/86/7? 31A 6.2
455 12/86/77 16 6.2
456 12/06/77 4 6.2
457 12/06/77 26 6.2
458 12/06/77 IS 6.2
459 12/86/77 2 6.2
468 12/06/77 3 6.2
461 12/06/77 8 6.2
462 12/06/77 33A 6.2
463 12/16/77 32 6.0
464 12/16/77 IB 6.0
465 12/16/77 1 E.0
466 12/16/77 11 £.0
467 12/16/77 8 6.0
468 12/16/77 7 6.0
469 12/16/7? 13 6.0
470 12/16/77 331 £.0
471 12/16/77 H 6.»
472 12/16/77 19 6.0
473 12/16/77 1? £.0
474 12/16/77 S 6.»
475 12/16/77 6 6.8
476 12/16/77 9 £.0
477 12/16/77 23 6.0
478 12/16/77 4 6.0
479 12/16/77 28 6.0
480 12/16/77 321 £.0
1.8
1.8
•1:!
13.3
13.0
12.4
11,9
11.5
11.1
11,0
10.
10.2
9.4
9.1
,8.9
,8.5
! 8.1
• B.e
!'8.0
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.2
7.1
! e!s
, 6.3
1:5
•5:!
2.6
2.4
.0
.0
11.8
8.5
8.2
7.2
7.1
7.0
E.6
6.5
6.1
6.0
5.5
S.4
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.6
4.7
4.6
Ratio
AVC/AVS
.3
.3
.2
,2
.2
.0
.0
,0
8.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
l.B
1.7
1.6
l.S
l.S
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.8
1.0
.8
.7
.4
,4
.0
.0
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.2
1.8
l.l
l.l
i.e
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
NOTE; Zeroes indicate
no valid data ancj
were omitted from
calculations.•
I/ AVS - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
carbon monoxide at the
permanent monitor,
115 1/2 Ninth Street.
2/ AVC - Eight-hour
average (10 AM-6 PM)
at the study site.
-------
TABLE D-3 contd.
N>
Record
No.
4S1
•»ta
••93
•
-------
TABLE D-3 contd.
ho
Record
NO.
602
663
604
60?
686
60?
60S
609
6 1 P
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
> 622
a 623
4 624
Z 625
1 626
4 627
628
1 629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
6S1
652
ES3
654
65S
656
657
658
659
660
I/ 2i
Date Site AVS- AVG^'
12M3/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12-13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/13/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
13/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
12/01/77
I
6
32
20
24
17
25
22
19
7
13
12
£98
26
14
30B
4
31B
5
16
2
27B
15
3
8
9
286
23
1 It
1
20
18
9
25
21
17
IDA
24
38A
14
32
19
28A
22
8
26
29A
27A
4
31A
7
5
16
IS
33A
13
12
2
3
6
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1-3 .
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
3,2
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.1
l.S
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
.7
.0
.0
.0
13.0
12.9
11.6
11.0
10.8
9.3
9.0
8.4
8.3
7.9
7.6
6.6
6.6
6.4
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
1.5
i.S
.0
Ratio
AVC/AVS
3,3
3.3
3.a
3.1
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.2
a.a
2.1
2.8
.9
.9
.9
.7
.2
.a
.8
.e
.e
.e
.e
.a
.9
.0
.0
NOTE: Zeroejs indicate no valid data and were omitted from
calculation's.
i
\J AVS - Ei'ght-hour average (10 AM - 6 PM) carbon monoxide
at the permanent monitor, 115 1/2 Ninth Street.
i
2J AVC - Eight-hour average (10 AM - 6 PM) at the study site.
-------
TABLE D-4. Ratios Greater Than 1.5 for an Eight-Hour Average Greater Than 9.0 ppm at the Study Site
(CO in ppm)
M
O
Record
No.
7
11
13
98
121
137
140
141
152
154
162
165
166
167
171
257
261
272
277
281
283
314
320
324
406
444
448
450
454
458
550
Date Site
13/06/77
12/12/77
12/14/77
18/06/77
11/26/77
12/06/77
12/12/77
12/14/77
12/02/77
12/06/77
12/06/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/14/77
12/20/77
11/25/77
12/06/77
11/25/77
12/06/77
12/12/77
12/14/77
12/06/77
12/14/77
12/20/77
12/06/77
11/25/77
12/02/77
12/06/77
12/12/77
12/16/77
12/12/77
31 RECORD(S
1
1
1
6
a
9
9
9
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
17
17
18
18
18
IB
20
20
20
25
32
32
32
32
32
32B
Ratio
AVci-'AVsl^AVC/AVS
ia.4
11.1
10.4
9.4
13.0
11.9
10.9
9.1
15.9
13,0
13.3
9.9
9.8
11.9
10.1
13.6
10.2
12.1
10.4
9.3
9.4
11.5
9.1
10.1
11.0
16.2
16.5
11.1
9.7
11.0
9.7
6.2
6.2
4.0
6.2
8.0
6.2
5.2
• 4.0
10.5
6.2
6.2
5.2
1.3
4.0
4.2
8.0
6.2
8.0
6.2
5.2
4.0
6.2
4.0
4.2
6.2
8.0
10.5
6.2
5.2
6.0
E.2
2.0
2.1
2.6
1.5
1.6
1.9
2,1
2.3
1.5
2.1
2.1
1.9
7.8
3.0
2.4
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.3
1.9
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
) LISTED
I/ AVC - Eight-hour (10 AM - 6 PM) average carbon monoxide at study site.
2j AVS - Eight-hour (10 AM - 6 PM) average carbon monoxide at permanent monitor, 115% Ninth Street.
-------
TABLE D-5a. Mean Ratios (AVC/AVS) Greater Than 1.2
Site
1
11
18
32
32B
TABLE D-5b. Mean Ratios
Site
2
3
4
15
16
27A
27B
28A
28B
29A
30B
Mean Ratio
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.3
(AVC/AVS) Less Than 0.8
Mean Ratio
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.7
APPENDIX D
25
No. Records
19
17
18
19
7
No. Records
16
18
19
15
18
9
10
8
9
9
10
-------
TABLE D-5c. Mean Ratios (AVC/AVS) GE±/ Oo8 but ,Ei/ 1.2
Site
5
6
7
8
9
10A
12
13
14
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
29B
30A
31A
31B
33A
33B
_!/ GE - Greater Than or equal to
2J LE - Less Than or equal to
Mean Ratio No.
0.9
0.9
1.1
0.9
lol
1.2
0.8
1.1
0.9
1 = 1
1.0
1.2
0.8
0.8
1.1
0.8
0.9
0«8
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.2
APPENDIX D
26
of Records
19
18
11
11
16
9
16
17
17
15
19
18
19
19
16
19
18
19
10
9
7
8
5
10
-------
TABLE D-6. Mean of all Ratios!/ of Eight-Hour Averages Each Day
1977 Date
11/25
28
29
30
12/01
02
05
06
07
08
09
12
13
14
15
16
19
20
21
22
permanent monitor.
Mean Ratio No of Records
1.1
0.6
0.8
0.6
1.1
0.7
1.3
0.6
0.7
0.6
1.3
2»5
1.6
0.4
0.8
0.5
1.2
0.6
0.6
•hour average (10 AM -
:or.
ir average (10 AM - 6
APPENDIX D
27
26
26
28
30
29
27
31
30
31
29
32
30
29
32
33
31
29
32
31
6 PM) at the site to
PM) at the permanent ;
AVSi/
8.8
9.8
8.3
10.7
10.5
9.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.0
10.7
6.0
10.8
4.1
10.2
13.7
that
monitc
-------
TABLE D-7. Data From the Permanent Monitor at 115 1/2 Ninth Street (CO in ppm)
Record
No Date Site HR11- HR12HR13
1 11/25/77
2 11/28/77
3 11/29/77
4 11/36/77
5 12/61/77
6 12/62/77
7 12/65/77
B 12/66/7?
t> 9 12/67/77
2 16 12/68/77
K>W 11 12/69/77
oog 12 12/12/7?
2 13 12/13/77
P 14 12/14/77
IS 12/15/77
0 16 12/16/77
17 12/19/77
18 12/26/77
19 12/21/77
26 12/22/77
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
ODD
14.4
B.2
5.6
11.7
.6
11.8
6.8
4. 1
16.6
l.B
B.3
6,3
.9
4.5
16.3
8,1
3.1
2.2
7.2
11. 6
11.7
9.1
2.8-
9.B
.6
12.2
12.7
5.6
7.7
7.2
16.6
3.6
1.3
B.I
12.1
8.1
8.1
B.l
B.I
12.8
9.6
9.5
9.8
7.4
.6
6,3
9.1
8.2
5.6
7.7
11.4
2.3
1.3
5.4
7.2
8.1
9.9
e.t
11.7
13.7
HR14
0.9
9.1
16.3
7.6
1.4
7.7
8.2
5.4
5.9
7.7
8.5
4.1
1.3
3.6
5.4
5.B
12.1
2.7
8,5
11. 9
HR15 HR16 HR17HR18AM(£/PMC^/AV^
8.1
16.6
7.4
5.1
2.6
16.4
6.8
6.3
5.6
7.7
7.9
7.8
1.3
i.a
11.2
5.4
16. B
3.1
9.6
11.6
4.6
16.4
6.6
6.5
2.5
9.1
9.1
B.2
4.1
7.2
6.9
4.2
1 .3
l.B
17.1
3.6
16.3
3.6
6.3
11.6
2.7
9.5
9.3
15.4
4,9
15.4
14,5
5,4
6.3
8.6
14,3
5.1
1.3
1.8
12.6
4.5
12,6
1.3
16.8
15.6
16.8
12.7
15.4
22.9
4.5
16.9
11.8
6.8
7i2
12.7
16.5
7.9
1.3
4.9
9.9
4,5
19,3
4.6
19. B
22.9
11.3
9.6
7,1
9.6
.6
9.5
9.2
5.7
7.2
6.1
9.6
4.1
1.2
5.4
8.8
?;s
8.3
5.3
B.9
12.4
6.4
16,6
9.5
12.5
3.5
11.5
16.6
6.7
5.7
9.1
9.9
6.3
1.3
2.6
12.7
4.5
13.3
3.6
11.5
15.1
B.B
9.8
8.3
16.7
.6
16.5
9,9
6.2
6.4
7.6
9.7
5.2
1.3
4.6
16.7
e.e
16.8
4.1
16,2
13.7
NOTE: Zeroes indicate no valid data and were
omitted from calculations.
!_/ Hourly average of NDIR measurements for the
hour ending at 11:00 a.m.
2J AMC - Four-hour average for 10 AM to'2 PM.
V PMC - Four-hour average for 2 PM to 6 PM.
47 AVS - Eight-hour average for 10 AM to 6 PM.
-------
APPENDIX E
TRAFFIC FLOW MAP
-------
NORTH
300 -o— soo KXXJ
r_—
CHAPMIC SCALE IN FEET
VOtLUNMlI
CITY CENTER STUDY
BOISE, IDAHO.
PEAT, MAR WICK, MITCHeUL. a CO. AND DIVERSIFIED PLANNING, LTD.
ADA PLANNING ASSOCIATION
DECEMBER IST6
Reproduced with permission from Ada Planning Association from City Center Report:
Recommended General Policies and Concepts for the Improvement of Downtown Boise^,
Boise, Idaho, December 1976.
APPENDIX E
1
-------
APPENDIX 7
INDOOR SITE DATA
-------
APPENDIX F
Indoor Site Data
Table Page
F-l Boise CO Survey /Indoor Tape- Indoor Bag-Corresponding
Outdoor Site Comparisons
Site BIN1
Site BIN2.
Site BIN3
Site BIN4.
Site BINS
Site BIN6 .
-------
F-1. Boise CO Survey/Indoor Tape - Indoor Bag - Corresponding Outdoor Site Comparisons
(Results in ppm of Carbon Monoxide)
Indoor Site BIN1: Main 4 10th (Idanha Hotel)
1977 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 14 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 11 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 14
DATE 4-Hr Ave AM 1-Hr Ave AM 1-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave
11/23
11/25
11/28
11/29
11/30
12/1
12/2
—
(8.5)2»
(4.2)1
7.5
6.4
6.7«
8.L
—
7-0
6.5
—
7.0
5.0
8.5
__
12.1
4.0
8.4
7-0
5.0
4.2
(8.5)2*
11.2
4.5
4.4
3.7
6.9
(11. 5)3
_ _
9.0
5.1
—
4.1
7.3
11.5
__
10.2
3.2
5.8
7-1
8.1
11.5
__
—
(4.3)1
5.8
5.0
6.8«
(8.8)3«
__
8.0
5.8
—
5.6
6.1
10.0
__
11.2
3.6
7.1
7.0
6.6
7.8
NOTES: Superscript numbers represent the number of hours of data missing from the average.
Averages in parentheses were omitted from further calculations due to incomplete data.
* - 10 to 30 minutes missing in one hourly average which was used for computing the AM, PM, or 8-hour average.
AM - 10 AM to 2 PM period
PM - 2 PM to 6 PM period
8-Hr. Ave. - Average of AM and PM data
-------
Table F-l (continued)
Indoor Site BIN2: 130 E. Bannock (St. Luke's Hospital)
1977 Indoor Tape
DATE 4-Hr Ave AM
15
hd
H
X
11/23
11/25
11/28
11/29
11/30
12/1
12/2
12/5
12/6
2.1
2.7*
2.4**
3.7
4.5
.2
2.8
(2.8)1
9.1
Indoor Bag
4-Hr Ave AM
—
5.0
5.0
4.5
6.0
1.9
3.9
3.0
__
Site 29A*
4-Hr Ave AM
—
(6.8)1
5.9
7.8
8.9
4.1
9.0
5.2
7.0
Indoor Tape Indoor Bag
4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM
1.8
3.3*
2.6
2.5*
(2.8)1*
(5.8)***
2.6
— —
2.0
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.1
6.0
3.2
_»
Site 29A
4-Hr Ave PM
__
(5.9)1
3.9
2.6
2.9
6.7
9.9
2.5
9.9
Indoor Tape
8-Hr Ave
2
3
2
3
(3
(4
(2
-»_
.0
.0
.5
.1
.8)1
.1)***
.7)1
Indoor Bag
8-Hr Ave
_ —
3.5
4.0
3-7
4.6
2.5
5.0
3.1
^mm
Site 29A
8-Hr Ave
--
(6.4)
4.9
5.2
5.9
5.4
9.4
3.8
8.4
NOTES: Superscript numbers represent the number of hours of data missing from the average.
Averages in parentheses were omitted from further calculations due to incomplete data.
* - 10 to 30 minutes missing in one hourly average which was used for computing the AM, PM, or 8-hour average.
** - 10 to 30 minutes missing in each of two hourly averages which were used for computing the AM, PM, or
8-hour average.
*** _ 10 to 30 minutes missing in each of three hourly averages which were used for computing the AM, PM, or
8-hour average.
AM - 10 AM to 2 PM period
PM - 2 PM to 6 PM period
8-Hr. Ave. - Average of AM and PM data
a - Site 29A was moved from Bannock St. between 1st Ave. & "A" Ave. on the south side to 1st Ave. between
Bannock and Idaho on the west side after 11/25/77.
-------
Table F-l (continued)
Indoor Site BIN3: Idaho and 9th (Sexty'a Retail Jeweler's)*
1977 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 11 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 11 Indoor Tape
DATE 1-Hr Aye AM 1-Hr Ave AM 1-Hr Ave AM 1-Hr Ave PM 1-Hr Ave PM 1-Hr Ave PM 8-Hr Ave
Indoor Bag Site 11
8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave
12/6
12/7
12/8
Indoor
1977
DATE
12/5
12/6
12/7
10 . 1 11
2.8 2.9 2
6.0 1
Site BIN1: 109 North 9th Street
Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site
1-Hr Ave AM 1-Hr Ave AM 1-Hr
5.2 — 10
5.1 6
2.2 6
.7 12. 7* 11.5 11.9 — 10.8 13.3
.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0
.1 — 1.9 1.1 — 5.1 1.1
(David's Fabric Store)
13 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 13 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 13
Ave AM 1-Hr Ave PM 1-Hr Ave PM 1-Hr Ave PM 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave
.0 7.2 — — 6.1
.6 — 6.7 7.8 — 5.8 7.2
.6 — 6.3 6.3 -- 1.2 6.5
NOTES: Superscript numbers represent the number of hours of data missing from the average.
Averages in parentheses were omitted from further calculations due to incomplete data.
AM - 10 AM to 2 PM period
PM - 2 PM to 6 PM period
8-Hr. Ave. - Average of AM and PM data
•*• - Site was abandoned and data may be suspect because small acetylene torches were used nearby for jewelry
repair.
» - 10 to 30 minutes missing in one hourly average which was used for computing the AM, PM, or 8-hour average.
-------
Table F-l (continued)
Indoor Site BIN5: 9th n/o Main (Singer's Sewing Store)
1977 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 9 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 9 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 9
DATE 4-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave
§
§
X
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15 4.2
12/16
12/19
12/20 (9.3)3
12/21 (5. I)2
12/22
11.1
2.8
5.0
4.1
4.2
6.0
6.9
4.9
7.0
10
3
10
5
5
5
7
6
8
.1
.0
.0
.8
.0
.9
.0
.0
.1
10
3
7
5.6 5
(7.6)2 7
5
6
(7.8)2 6
8
.5
.0
.9
.7
.0
.4
.8
.7
.3
11
8
6
5
6
9
8
8
.6
.1
.6 4.9
.6
.4
.7
.3
.1
10
2
6
4
5
5
6
5
7
.8
.9
.4
.9
.6
.7
.8
.8
.7
10.9
9.1
6.2
5.3
6.2
8.4
7.2
8.1
NOTES: Superscript numbers represent the number of hours of data missing from the average.
Averages in parentheses were omitted from further calculations due to incomplete data.
AM - 10 AM to 2 PM period
PM - 2 PM to 6 PM period
8-Hr. Ave. - Average of AM and PM data
-------
Table F-l (continued)
Indoor Site BINS: 100 North 8th (Falk's Department Store)
1977 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 7 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 7 Indoor Tape Indoor Bag Site 7
DATE 4-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave AM 4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM 4-Hr Ave PM 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave 8-Hr Ave
12/9
12/12
12/13
12/14
j> 12/15
•-" g 12/16
M
" 12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
—
—
(2.1)1*-
4.4»
6.0
5.4
(8.0)2*
5.2*
6.9*
9.6
7.5
10.1 7.8
1.8 1.9
3.2 6.5
5.9 5.7
4.9 4.8
6.2 6.1
6.0
6.5
8.0
—
(6.6)1*
2.2
4.8
6.1
5.1
8.0
4.8
8.6
12.6
—
6.1
2.1
3.5
5.8
4.9
7.2
5.1
8.5
10.5
8.0
8.4
3.7
5.7
5.8
9.1
7.9
6.3
9.1
9.7
__
—
(2. I)1
4.6«
6.0
5.2
—
5.0»
7.8»
11.1
7.8
8.1 8.1
2.0 2.8
4.0 6.1 -
6.0 5.8
5.0 7.0
7.1 7.0
5.4
7.6
10.3
NOTES: Superscript numbers represent the number of hours of data missing from the average.
Averages in parentheses were omitted from further calculations due to incomplete data.
* - 10 to 30 minutes missing in one hourly average which was used for computing the AM, PM, or 8-hour average.
AM - 10 AM to 2 PM period
PM - 2 PM to 6 PM period
8-Hr. Ave. - Average of AM and PM data
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
. REPORT NO.
EPA 910/9-78-055b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Carbon Monoxide Study - Boise, Idaho
November 25 - December 22, 1977
5. REPORT DATE
December 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOS
. AUTHOR(S)
C. B. Wilson and J. W. Schweiss
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10 Surveillance and Analysis Division
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See also EPA 910/-9-78-055a
16. ABSTRACT
To obtain additional information on the magnitude and spatial extent of the carbon
monoxide problem in Boise, a 20-day study was conducted involving 40 outdoor sites,
six indoor sites, and two pedestrian routes. Bag samples were analyzed by an
electrochemical oxidation method. Results for one eight-hour period daily (two
consecutive four-hour samples) were compared for the outdoor study sites and for
the routinely operated permanent monitor in the central business district.
The permanent monitor did not represent the highest eight-hour average CO con-
centration measured during the study period (about 17 ppm), nor the highest
frequency of exceedences of the 9.0 ppm standard (70% of the days at one study site),
The carbon monoxide problem occurred not only in the downtown commercial district
but also along traffic corridors outside the core area. Exceedences were noted at
least once at 28 of the study sites. Indoor CO concentrations were usually lower
than at adjacent outdoor sites. Changes in average indoor and outdoor levels of
CO frequently coincided.
Detailed descriptions of methods and discussion of findings are included as well as
tables of data obtained during the study.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
carbon monoxide
air quality data
air pollution sampling
Boise (Idaho)
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
160
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 910/9-78-054b
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOP+NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Carbon Monoxide Study - Seattle, Washington
October 6 - November 2, 1977
5. REPORT DATE
December 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
C. B. Wilson and J. W. Schweiss
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AOORESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10 Surveillance and Analysis Division
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO AOORESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report j
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See Also EPA 910/9-78-054a
16. ABSTRACT
To obtain additional information on the magnitude and spatial extent of the carbon
monoxide problem in downtown Seattle, a 20-day study was conducted involving 36
outdoor sites, five indoor sites, and two pedestrian routes. Bag samples were
analyzed by an electrochemical oxidation method. Results for one eight-hour period
daily (two consecutive four-hour samples) were compared for the outdoor study sites
and for five routinely operated permanent monitors in the central business district.
The permanent monitoring network adequately represented the highest eight-hour
average CO concentration measured during the study period (about 16 ppm), but not
the highest frequency of exceedences of the 9.0 ppm standard (80% of the days at
one study site). The carbon monoxide problem occurred throughout the downtown
commercial district with exceedences noted at least once at 22 of the study sites.
Indoor CO concentrations were usually lower than at adjacent outdoor sites. Changes
in average indoor and outdoor levels of CO frequently coincided.
Detailed descriptions of methods and discussion of findings are included as well as
tables of data obtained during the study.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
carbon monoxide
air quality data
air pollution sampling
Seattle (Washington)
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
178
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
------- |