U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
PB-257 040
The Environmental Protection Agency
Northern Great Plains Ambient Air
Monitoring Network. Volume I. Summary
PEDCo-ENVIRONMENTAL, Cincinnati, Ohio
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo Region VIII
Nov 75
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NOVEMBER 1975
THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS
AMBIENT AIR MONITORING NETWORK
VOLUME |: SUMMARY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ^ £^ \
ROCKY MOUNTAIN-PRAIRIE REGION
REGION VII2 %
^> r
*< PRO^&
w>t
^. .^
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before
1. REPORT NO.
TS-2a
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
The Environmental Protection Agency Northern Great
Plains Ambient A1r Monitoring Network -- Volume I
Summary
5. REPORT DATE
November 1975
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Mr. Larry Elfers
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
PEDCo - ENVIRONMENTAL
Suite 13 Atkinson Square
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1375
Task No. 13
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final - Sep 1974 - Sep 1975
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Mr. David Joseph (303-837-3763)
16. ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the installation, operation, maintenance, and results of a
22-station ambient air monitoring network in the coal-rich Northern Great Plains
area of eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, and western North and South Dakota.
Sampling of ambient concentrations of total suspended particulates, S02, NO, N02,
and trace elements were conducted during the twelvennonth period, September 1974
through August 1975.
The overall report is presented here in two volumes. Volume I discusses the air
quality network and summarizes the results of the data collection. Volume II
contains a detailed listing of the data.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Quality Data
Energy
Monitoring
PRICK SUBJECT
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Not Classified '
20. SECURITY CLASS {Thispage)
Not Classified
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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PEDCo - ENVIRONMENTAL
SUITE 13 ATKINSON SQUARE
CINCINNATI. OHIO 45246
313/771-4330
THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS
AMBIENT AIR MONITORING NETWORK
VOLUME I: SUMMARY
Prepared by
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc.
Suite 13, Atkinson Square
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
Contract No. 68-02-1375
Task No. 13
EPA Project Officer: David Joseph
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region VIII
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII
Report No. TS-2a
November, 1975
BRANCH OFFICES
Suit. 110, Crown C«nt»r Suit* 107-B Profmtonal Vllh
K«nim City, Mo. 64108 ClMfMl Hill. N.C. 27614
i oJ
-------
This report was furnished to the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency by PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-1375,
Task No. 13. The contents of this report are reproduced
herein as received from the contractor. The opinions,
findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors
and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection
Agency. Nor does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by
the Environmental Protection Agency.
11
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ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the installation, operation,
maintenance, and results of a 22 station ambient air moni-
toring network in the coal rich Northern Great Plains area
of eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming and western North
and South Dakota. Sampling of ambient concentrations of
total suspended particulates, SO_, NO, N02 and trace elements
were conducted during the twelve month period, September
1974 through August 1975.
The overall report is presented here in two volumes.
Volume I discusses the air quality network and summarizes
the results of the data collection. Volume II contains a
detailed listing of the data. A third volume is planned
which will include summaries of surface wind observations
and trace element analyses.
111
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This report was prepared for the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency by PEDCo-Evironmental Specialists, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Mr. Lawrence Elfers was the PEDCo Project
Manager. Mr. Craig Jones was the PEDCo Field Office Manager.
Principal authors of the report were Messrs. Elfers and
Jones.
Mr. David Joseph was the Project Officer for the En-
vironmental Protection Agency. The authors appreciate the
many contributions made to this study by Messrs. Joseph and
William Basbagill of the Environmental Protection Agency,
Region VIII, Denver, Colorado.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT 2-1
3.0 FIELD OPERATIONS 3-1
4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM 4-1
4.1 Total Suspended Particulate Sampling 4-1
4.2 Particulate Sampling with Membrane Samplers 4-5
4.3 Cascade Particulate Samples 4-5
4.4 Gas Bubblers 4-9
4.5 Continuous Monitoring Activities 4-13
4.5.1 NOX Quality Control Program 4-13
4.5.2 S02 Quality Control Programs 4-16
5.0 SPECIFIC MONITORING SITES AND RESULTS 5-1
5.1 Wyoming Monitoring Sites and Results 5-3
5.1.1 Buffalo, Wyoming 5-3
5.1.2 Gillette, Wyoming 5-14
5.1.3 Lusk, Wyoming 5-24
5.1.4 Newcastle, Wyoming 5-28
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued).
5.2 South Dakota Sampling Sites and Results
5.2.1 Belle Fourche, South Dakota
5.2.2 Buffalo, South Dakota
5.2.3 Lemmon, South Dakota
5.3 North Dakota Sampling Sites and Results 5-47
5.3.1 Parshall, North Dakota 5-47
5.3.2 Garrison, North Dakota 5-53
5.3.3 Washburn, North Dakota 5-58
5.3.4 McClusky, North Dakota 5-61
5.3.5 Bowman, North Dakota 5-68
5.3.6 Stanton, North Dakota 5-71
5.3.7 Mott, North Dakota 5-85
5.3.8 Medora, North Dakota 5-89
5.4 Montana Sampling Sites and Results 5-93
5.4.1 Lame Deer, Montana 5-93
5.4.2 Broadus, Montana 5-99
5.4.3 Ekalaka, Montana 5-103
5.4.4 Glendive, Montana 5-106
5.4.5 Lindsay, Montana 5-110
5.4.6 Poplar, Montana 5-113
5.4.7 Ft. Peck, Montana 5-117
6.0 SUMMARY OF ALL SITES 6-1
VI
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1-1 Site Location 1-2
4-1 Laboratory Data Record Sheet 4-2
4-2 Laboratory Record Sheet. Cascade 4-7
Impactor Samples
5-1 Distribution of Sampling Sites in 5-2
Northern Great Plains Region.
5-2 SAROAD Site Description, State of Wyoming 5-4
5-3 Cascade Size Distribution - Buffalo, Wyo. 5-9
5-4 Cascade Size Distribution - Buffalo, Wyo. 5-10
5-5 Cascade Size Distribution - Buffalo, Wyo. 5-11
5-6 Cascade Size Distribution - Buffalo, Wyo. 5-12
5-7 Cascade Size Distribution - Gillette, Wyo. 5-19
5-8 Cascade Size Distribution - Gillette, Wyo. 5-20
5-9 Cascade Size Distribution - Gillette, Wyo. 5-21
5-10 Cascade Size Distribution - Gillette, Wyo. 5-22
5-11 SAROAD Site Description, State of South 5-34
Dakota
5-12 SAROAD Site Description, State of North 5-48
Dakota
5-13 Cascade Size Distribution - Stanton, 5-80
North Dakota
5-14 Cascade Size Distribution - Stanton, 5-81
North Dakota
vn
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LIST OP FIGURES (continued) .
Figure Page
5-15 Cascade Size Distribution - Stanton, 5-82
North Dakota
5-16 Cascade Size Distribution - Stanton, 5-83
North Dakota
5-17 SAROAD Site Description, State of Montana 5-94
6-1 Total Suspended Particulate, Annual 6-2
Geometric Mean, Micrograms/cubic Meter
6-2 Total Suspended Particulate, Maximum 6-3
24-hour Concentration, Micrograms/cubic
Meters
6-3 SC>2 Annual Arithmetic Mean, 6-4
Micrograms/cubic Meter
6-4 SC>2, Maximum 24-hour Concentration, 6-5
Micrograms/cubic Meter.
6-5 N02' Annual Arithmetic Mean, 6-6
Micrograms/cubic Meter
6-6 N02, Maximum 24-Hour Concentration, 6-7
Micrograms/cubic Meter
Vlll
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2-1 Equipment Distribution - Northern Great 2-2
Plains Air Monitoring Network
4-1 High Volume Filter Weighing Quality 4-4
Control Log
4-2 Cascade Collection Plate Weighing Quality 4-8
Control Log Class "S" Weights (g)
4-3 Comparison of Critical Orifice Flow Rate 4-12
4-4 Quality Assurance Data Gillette, Wyoming 4-14
Daily Dynamic Calibration Record NO and
NO2
4-5 Quality Assurance Data Stanton, North 4-15
Dakota Daily Dynamic Calibration Record
NO and N02
4-6 S02 Quality Assurance Data Gillette, 4-17
Wyoming Daily Dynamic Calibration Record
4-7 SOo Quality Assurance Data Stanton, North 4-18
Dakota Daily Dynamic Calibration Record
5-1 Project Data Summary Buffalo, Wyoming 5-6
5-2 Meteorological Data Summary Buffalo, 5-8
Wyoming
5-3 Cascade Data Summary, Buffalo, Wyoming 5-13
5-4 Project Data Summary, Gillette, Wyoming 5-17
5-5 Project Data Summary Continuous Monitors 5-18
Gillette, Wyoming
5-6 Cascade Data Summary, Gillette, Wyoming 5-23
IX
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LIST OF TABLES (continued).
Table Page
5-7 Project Data Summary Lusk, Wyoming 5-26
5-8 Meteorological Data Summary, Lusk, Wyoming 5-27
5-9 Project Data Summary Newcastle, Wyoming 5-31
5-i.O Meteorological Data Summary Newcastle, 5-32
Wyoming
5-11 Project Data Summary Belle Fourche, South 5-36
Dakota
5-12 Meteorological Data Summary Belle Fourche, 5-37
South Dakota
5-13 Project Data Summary Buffalo, Wyoming 5-40
5-14 Meteorological Data Summary, Buffalo, South 5-41
Dakota
5-15 Project Data Summary Lemmon, South Dakota 5-45
5-16 Meteorological Data Summary Lemmon, 5-46
South Dakota
5-17 Project Data Summary Parshall, North Dakota 5-51
5-18 Meteorological Data Summary Parshall, 5-52
North Dakota
5-19 Project Data Summary Garrison, North Dakota 5-57
5-20 Project Data Summary Washburn, North Dakota 5-60
5-21 Project Data Summary McClusky, North Dakota 5-65
5-22 Meteorological Data Summary McClusky, 5-66
North Dakota
5-23 Project Data Summary Bowman, North Dakota 5-70
5-24 Project Data Summary Stanton, North Dakota 5-76
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
5-25 Project Data Summary Continuous Monitors 5-77
Stanton, North Dkota
5-26 Meteorological Data Summary Stanton, North 5-78
Dakota
5-27 Cascade Data Summary, Stanton, North Dakota 5-84
5-28 Project Data Summary Mott, North Dakota 5-87
5-29 Meteorological Data Summary Mott, North 5-88
Dakota
5-30 Project Data Summary Medora, North Dakota 5-91
5-31 Meteorological Data Summary Medora, North 5-92
Dakota
5-32 Project Data Summary Lame Deer, Montana 5-97
5-33 Meteorological Data Summary Lame Deer, 5-98
Montana
5-34 Project Data Summary Broadus, Montana 5-101
5-35 Meteorological Data Summary Broadus, 5-102
Montana
5-36 Project Data Summary Ekalaka, Montana 5-105
5-37 Project Data Summary Glendive, Montana 5-108
5-38 Meteorological Data Summary Glendive, 5-109
Montana
5-39 Project Data Summary Lindsay, Montana 5-112
5-40 Project Data Summary Poplar, Montana 5-115
5-41 Meteorological Data Summary Poplar, Montana 5-116
5-42 Project Data Summary Ft. Peck, Montana 5-119
5-43 Meteorological Data Summary Ft. Peck, 5-120
Montana
XI
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LIST OF TABLES (continued).
Table Page
6-1 Wyoming Total Suspended Particulate Summary 6-8
6-2 South Dakota Total Suspended Particulate 6-9
Summary
6-3 North Dakota Total Suspended Particulate 6-10
By Site
6-4 Montana Total Suspended Particulate Summary 6-11
6-5 Summary of TSP Data for All Sites 6-12
6-6 Summary of Gas Bubbler Data By Site 6-13
6-7 Summary of Gas Bubbler Data by Month and 6-14
Quarter
6-8 Annual Summary - Intermittant Samplers 6-15
XII
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The ever increasing demand for energy has focused the
nation's attention on the coal deposits in the Northern
Great Plains area, encompassing parts of the States of
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming. Plans to
develop these vast coal reserves are now being made. The
importance of these coal deposits toward satisfying the
nation's thirst for energy is obvious. It is equally im-
portant that activities associated with the mining and
utilization of the coal not result in significant deteriora-
tion of the environment. The environmental impact of pro-
posed developments must be carefully analyzed. In order to
provide the basic data necessary to assess impacts upon
future air quality, it is necessary to determine the current
air quality of the affected area.
This was accomplished by installing and operating a
network of 22 monitoring stations throughout the Northern
Great Plains Region for a period of 12 months. This network
consists of four stations in Wyoming, three in South Dakota,
eight in North Dakota and seven in Montana. The exact
location of each site can be found on the regional map in
Figure 1-1. Prior to the start of the installation phase,
1-1
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PARSHALL |~
GARRISON. HPUSKY
MEDORA . I,
STANTON WASHBURN
[NORTH DAKOTA
I
NJ
Figure 1-1. Site Location
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each site was visited to determine its suitability and
accessibility. A written property use agreement was ob-
tained and a reliable station operator located. Arrange-
ments for electrical power were also made during the pre-
survey. The installation phase consisted of building 15
sampling towers and refurbishing 6 existing towers. Also
accomplished during this phase was the installation of 26
high-volume air samplers, five membrane samplers, two contin-
uous Philips SO- monitors, two continuous Bendix NO-N02 monitors,
five S02-NO2 bubblers, three cascade impactors, and 16
M.R.I, wind systems. A training session for the field opera-
tor was conducted at each site after the equipment was
installed. The installation phase was completed by late
August of 1974 and actual sampling began as scheduled on
September 2, 1974. In March of 1975, five additional S02-
N02 bubblers were installed.
To provide effective management of this monitoring
program, a field office was established in Bismarck, North
Dakota. Maintenance and calibration of the sampling equip-
ment, as well as communications with the PEDCo laboratory
personnel and field operators, was accomplished through this
office. Scheduled maintenance for the intermittent samplers
was performed at the beginning of each sampling quarter.
Remedial maintenance was performed as required. The quarterly
maintenance program consisted of a complete inspection of the
1-3
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individual sampler, repairing or replacing any component
that might affect the continued operation of the sampler.
After maintenance, the sampler was calibrated according to
EPA published procedures. The continuous monitors at the
Stanton and Gillette sites were serviced as recommended by
the manufacturer. .This consisted of a limited maintenance
program every month and a more rigorous program every third
month. After each maintenance activity, the monitors were
calibrated. Results of the calibration activities for both
intermittant and continuous monitoring equipment have been
provided to the Project Officer in a separate report.
1-4
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2.0 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
The distribution of sampling equipment employed during
the project is summarized in Table 2-1. The high-volume
(hi-vol) samplers employed in the study were General Metals
Model GMWL 2000 H, equipped with Dickson flow recorders and
"quick change" filter cartridges. Hi-vol filters were of
the glass fiber variety and were supplied by EPA. Total
Particulate Membrane Samplers, Model 2349 > were manufactured
by Research Appliance Co. Filters used in the membrane
samplers were 100 mm diameter, reinforced, 3 micron pore
size. Cascade impactors, Model 2354 were also from Research
Appliance Co. The five stage impactor, having a particle
segregation range of 3.0 microns to 0.5 microns, utilized 83
mm diameter, aluminum foil disc plates, and a backup filter
of the same specifications as the membrane filter. The S0_-
N02 gas bubblers were Research Appliance Co. Model 2333-S.
These bubblers come equipped with five sampling ports,
however, in the Northern Great Plains Program a maximum of
four ports were used at any one time, the fifth being sealed,
Critical orifice flow control is achieved through the use of
calibrated hypodermic needles. Meteorological Research Inc.
2-1
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Table 2-1. EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION - NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AIR MONITORING NETWORK
Location
Btfffalo, Wyo.
Gillette, Wyo.
Lusk, Wyo.
Newcastle, Wyo.
Belle Fourche, S.D.
Buffalo, S.D.
Leimnon, S.D.
Parshall, N.D.
Garrison, N.D.
Washburn, N.D.
McClusky, N.D.
Bowman, N.D.
Stanton, N.D.
Mott, N.D.
Medora, N.D.
Lame Deer, Mt.
Broadus , Mt .
Ekalaka, Mt.
Glendive, Mt.
Lindsay, Mt.
Poplar, Mt.
Ft. Peck, Mt.
Hi-Vol
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
Membrane
X
X
X
X
X
MRI
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
S02-NOX
continuous
X
X
S02~NOX
bubbler
X
X*
X*
X*
X
X
X
X*
X*
X
NASN
cascade
X
X
X
Sampling
tower
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
**
X
X
***
***
***
***
***
**
tsj
I
K)
* Installed March 1975.
** No tower required; equipment was placed on roof of existing structure
*** Towers previously installed by EPA.
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(MPil) wind instruments were employed to measure and record
sufface wind speed and wind direction. Three models were
used, specifically Model 1072-2 (20 mm/hr chart speed,
incremental drive), Model 1072-1 (10 mm/hr chart speed,
battery wound clock), and Model 1072-1 (10 mm/hr chart
speed, hand wound clock). The intermittent sampling equip-
ment was installed on 10' sampling towers. These towers,
with the exception of six in Montana, were constructed from
7' x 51 x 5' scaffolding sections and 4' x 8' exterior grade
plywood to serve as the sampling platform. Guidewires of
1/4" braided steel were fastened at each corner to give
added strength. These structures were selected because of
their strength and their ease of construction (approximately
1 1/2 hours to erect each structure). The 6 towers in
Montana were constructed for EPA in the winter of 1974 by a
separate contractor.
The Stantori, North Dakota and Gillette, Wyoming sites
were equipped with continuous gas analyzers for detection of
SO, and NO . The SO, analyzers were Philips Model PW 9700
£» X ^
coulometric monitors used in conjunction with Leeds and
Northrup Speedomax H Strip Chart Recorders. The measuring
range of the Philips monitors was 0-1.0 ppm, with a detec-
tion limit of 0.004 ppm. The NO - N02 monitors were Bendix
Model 8101-B, also used with Leeds and Northrup Speedomax H
2-3
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Recorders. These monitors were set at a 0 - 0.5 ppm meas-
uring range. The manufacturer claims a detection limit of
5.0 ppb. These monitors were housed in temperature con-
trolled shelters, i.e. a trailer at Stanton and a communi-
cations facility at Gillette.
All sampling equipment, with the exception of the MRI
wind systems, performed satisfactorily throughout the study.
The only recurring program was with the clock motor incor-
porated in the Dickson flow recorders. During severe weather,
they tend to fail for no apparent reason and must be re-
placed. A few of the hi-vol motors overloaded and burned
out during the winter months as blowing snow and dirt would
build up in the shelter, causing a severe flow restriction.
The MRI mechanical wind instruments constantly plagued the
project with downtime. Of the 17 systems provided by EPA,
13 were returned to the manufacturer at least once for
repair. The chart drive mechanism provided with these units
was the source of the problem, as its rate of advance proved
to be erratic. Maintenance on these instruments should only
be done by the manufacturer* At the end of the project, all
of these systems were in the field and operating properly.
As a result of this poor performance, approximately 40 percent
of the possible meteorological data was not collected.
Samples lost due to .maintenance problems with the other
instrumentation were negligible.
2-4
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3.0 FIELD OPERATIONS
The intermittent sampling equipment, consisting of hi-
vols, membranes, cascade impactors, and gas bubblers, was
operated on a random 6 day sampling schedule. Field opera-
tors were selected during the pre-survey to perform the
following routine field operation. On the day before sampling
the field operator traveled to the site and installed the
specific sampling devices as required for the sampling
location. After installation, the sampler(s) were checked
for proper operation by activating the 24-hour timer to
start and stop the sampler(s) and then, the beginning flow
rates were noted. On the day following the 24-hour sampling
period, the operator returned to the site, activated the
samplers to confirm operation, recorded the final flow
rates, and removed the samples. The samples were then
placed in designated mailers with appropriate data sheets,
and mailed to the PEDCo laboratory via Air Mail. Upon each
visit to the sampling site, the operator also checked for
correct time synchronization of the wind system, if the site
was so equipped. Each field operator was supplied with an
instruction manual pertaining to the specific monitoring
3-1
-------
equipment located at his respective site. These manuals
have been provided to the Project Officer. If any problem
areas were observed, the PEDCo Field Office was immediately
notified and the necessary remedial maintenance was per-
formed .
As the description implies, the continuous monitors
operated 24 hours a day. At each of the two continuous
monitoring sites, a field technician was available to zero
and span each instrument on a daily basis. Values obtained
during these operations were noted on the respective re-
corder strip charts; and, also, in a log book at the site.
These instrument technicians were specifically instructed to
be cognizant of possible operational problems with respect
to the monitors, and to immediately report any suspected
problems to the PEDCo Field Office. In conjunction with the
daily operational inspection performed by the field tech-
nicians, the two continuous monitoring sites were visited by
the PEDCo Field Office Manager on a bi-weekly basis. The
objectives of these visits were to collect the recorder
strip charts for data reduction at the field office and to
allow the Field Office Manager to inspect the operating
condition of the instruments.
Sampling procedures, as outlined in the operators
manuals, were easily performed by all of the field operators.
No changes in sampling procedures are deemed necessary.
3-2
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4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
A program to insure the quality of all data obtained
during this study was established. The specific quality
control aspects, as they pertain to each type of monitoring
activity, are described below.
4.1 TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE (TSP) SAMPLING
Each of the high volume filters were visually inspected
for creases, holes, or anything that might otherwise inter-
fere with their ability to retain particulate matter. The
filters were then numbered from 1-70 using the code assigned
to the specific station. The specific codes were from
001000-026000. Every 30th filter was pulled and retained as
a blank. The filters were then placed in a rack and allowed
to equilibrate in the controlled temperature and relative
humidity balance room (25°C +2°, 50+5% RH) . After a
period of approximately 20 hours, the filters were weighed
to the nearest 0.1 mg and the tare weight recorded on the
log sheet. Figure 4-1 is an example of this laboratory log
sheet. During use, the analytical balance was checked by
weighing a set of class S weights. The observed weight was
recorded along with the actual weight in a separate log
4-1
-------
UBATORY DATA LOG
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
NAME PARAMETER
WE. .flW . iifr..
CITY NAME
SITE ADDRESS
PROJECT
Mart me OATI
a
IN
0»T
SIM
' | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
A
TIME
CMC
I/"*
INTERVAL
riiTci
miuii
PROJECT
IIIMCE *
era
M
tuinne
IUI(
J
i
m^
laiaw
INSTRUMENT LAST CALIBRATED
SAMPLER IDENTIFICATION
cioss me IIT
WCT. WCt WCt. '
NO.
|fM*ll)S
- .
LABORATORY FUNCTIONS
FILTER PREPARATION
- FILTER MUST BE FREE OF PIN-
HOLES. TEARS. CREASES. LUHPS.
ETC.
- FILTER MUST BE PROPERLY
EQUILIBRATED (20 hrs
-------
book. No significant differences occurred during these
tests. The remaining 68 filters were then shipped to their
respective sampling sites.
Upon receipt of the filter after sampling, the date
that the filter was received at the lab was entered in the
log book. The filters were carefully removed and placed in
wire racks in the controlled temperature and relative
humidity balance room and allowed to equilibrate for 24 to
48 hours. The filters were then weighed to the nearest 0.1
mg. As before, during every use the balance was checked
using a set of class S balance weights and the observed
versus actual weight was recorded in a separate log book.
No significant difference was observed during these tests as
demonstrated in Table 4-1. Using the volume of air sampled,
as determined from the field calibration of the instrument,
the results were calculated and expressed in yg/m . After
the final weighing, the filters were filed in chronological
order and forwarded to the EPA Project Officer.
To insure reliable sampler performance, the hi-vols
were serviced and calibrated at the beginning of each quarter,
If remedial maintenance was required between quarters, cali-
bration of the sampler was repeated.
4-3
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Table 4-1. HIGH VOLUME FILTER WEIGHING QUALITY CONTROL LOG
Date
7/29/74
7/29/74
7/29/74
7/30/74
7/31/74
7/31/74
7/31/74
7/31/74
7/31/74
/1/74
8/1/74
8/1/74
8/1/74
8/1/74
8/1/74
8/1/74
8/2/74
8/2/74
8/2/74
/2/74
8/2/74
/a/74
«/2/74
/3/74
/3/74
/S/74
8/5/74
8/5/74
8/5/74
8/5/74
8/5/74
8/5/74
8/6/74
8/«/74
8/6/74
8/6/74
8/6/74
8/6/74
8/7/74
8/7/74
8/7/74
8/7/74
8/7/74
8/8/74
9/24/74
9/M/74
9/JV74
10/V'4
10/1/74
10/3/74
10/10/74
10/11/74
10/16/74
10/24/74
10/25/74
10/30/74
10/10/74
time
11:07
12:08
2:40
4:03
9:57
10:56
11:37
2:04
3:05
9:03
10:05
11:10
12:12
1:43
2:42
3:45
8:54
9:56
10:59
12:16
1:55
3:03
4:00
8:41
11:15
8:42
9:45
10:44
11:46
1:16
2:21
3:15
9:37
11:05
12:10
2:10
3:09
4:05
, 8:50
9:46
1:10
2:20
3:25
9:46
3:50
3:01
2.24
4:31
2:54
4!ll
2:52
4:26
1.56
2:01
4:35
1:40
2:35
ClaM -8" Neiab
0.1865
O.SOOO
0.5002
O.SOOO
0.4996
0.4994
0.4995
0.4994
0.5001
0.5000
0.4998
0.4993
O.SOOO
0.4998
0.5000
0.5001
0.5001
O.SOOO
O.SOOO
0.5003
0.5001
0.4990
0.5000
O.SOOO
0.4999
0.5002
0.5001
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5001
0.5001
0.5000
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.4996
0.5001
0.5001
0.5002
0.5000
9.S001
e.sooi
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.4999
0.5001
0.4998
O.SOOO
0.5001
O.SOOO
1.0000
1.0002
1.0003
1. 0000
0.9999
1.0000
0.9992
0.9994
1.0000
1.0000
0.9992
0.9992
1.0001
0.9997
1. COC1
1.0001
1.0000
1.0001
1.0000
0.9999
1.0002
1.0002
0.9999
0.9998
0.9996
1.0002
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.9998
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0002
0.9992
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0000
1.0001
i.eeoi
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0000
0.9999
0.9999
1.0001
1.0000
0.9998
1.0001
1.0001
tf (a)
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
1.9999
2.0002
2.0000
1.9993
1.9994
2.0002
2.0000
1.9992
1.9992
2.0001
1.9993
2.0002
2.0001
2.0001
2.0001
2.0001
1.9998
2.0002
2.0001
2.0001
1.9999
1.9998
2.0002
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0001
2.0000
1.9994
1.9999
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0003
1.9990
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0001
2.0000
2.8000
2.0002
2.0001
2.0000
1.9999
2.0001
2.0000
1.9999
2.0001
2.0000
Technician
BSM
DEK- '
DEK
JLK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK----
DEK
DEK
DEK
«EK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
' . MX
' Si ' -
55
OCR
DBK
DBX
DBX
DBX
DBK
DBX
DSX
DBX
DEK
o»t»
11/5/74
11/7/74
11/14/74
11/14/74
11/18/74
12/4/74
12/9/74
12/9/74
12/13/74
12/19/74
12/27/74
1/2/75
1/3/75
1/10/75
1/16/75
1/29/75
2/13/75
2/17/75
2/19/75
2/25/75
3/5/75
3/12/75
3/12/75
3/28/75
4/2/75
4/3/75
4/4/75
4/8/75
4/10/75
5/1/75
5/2/75
5/6/75
5/6/75
5/13/75
5/21/75
6/16/75
/17/75
/18/75
/19/7S
6/20/75
/JJ/75
7/10/75
7/16/75
7/17/75
7/18/75
7/22/75
8/5/75
8/6/75
8/15/75
8/20/75
9/15/75
9/11/75
TiM
1:44
3i53
Ii47
3:29
2:01
1:31
1:37
2:41
2:48
1:40
10:59
2:39
1:33
2:34
3:50
1:31
3:24
2:29
3:14
3:42
2:36
11:23
12:52
10:45
9:08
8:56
9:16
1:41
1:25
2:08
2:38
11:30
12:50
1:59
2:05
9:10
2:47
Ili09
1:24
9:24
9:59
9:39
9:20
11:39
8:50
3:00
1:32
9:15
10:45
9i05
9:03
9:15
ClMI
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5001
0.5000
0.5001
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5001
0.5000
6.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5002
0.5000
0.5000
0.5001
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5001
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5001
0.5000
0.5002
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
0.5000
O.SOOO
0.4999
0.5001
O.SOOO
O.SOOO
0.5GOC
O.SOOO
O.SOOO
0.5001
O.SOOO
O.SOOO
0.5001
« Male
1.0000
0.9999
1.0001
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.9999
1.0000
1.0001
0..9999
0.9999
0.9999
0.9998
S-9034
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0000
1.0000
1.0002
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0000
1.0000
1.0006
1.0000
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
JL.OOOO
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
ihta (a)
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0000
2.0001
2.0001
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0000
2.0001
2.0000
2.0002
2.0001
2.0002
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0002
2.0000
2.0001
2.0000
1.9999
1.9993
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0000
2.0000
2.0003
2.0001
2.0000
2.0001
2.0003
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0001
2.0000
2.0000
1.9998
2.0000
1.9999
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
Technician
one
DBX
DBX
DBX
OKK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
KM
DBK
* DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
KA1
KM
KM
DEK
DEK
DBK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DBK
KM
KM
DBK
DBK
DEK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBK
DEK
DEK
DBX
DBK
DBK
DBK
DBX
DBK
DEK
"*
Ave.
tMdard deviation
O.SOOO 1.0000 2.0000
tO.0002 to.0002 tO.OOOZ
-------
4.2 PARTICIPATE SAMPLING WITH MEMBRANE SAMPLERS
Each of the membrane filters were carefully inspected
for holes, tears, creases, or anything that might otherwise
interfere with the collection of particulate matter. For
those sites using membrane filters, the filters were numbered
from 1-70 using the appropriate station code. Filter weighing
was not performed since the purpose of this sampling was to
obtain specific metallic concentrations which would be com-
pared to TSP levels at the same site. After sampling and
upon receipt of the filters at PEDCo laboratory facilities,
the filters and data record sheets were visually inspected
and designated valid or invalid. The data from the field
record sheets and the air volume sampled was entered in the
log book and the filters were retained and filed in chrono-
logical order for each site. The samples, and their record
sheets were submitted to the EPA Project Officer for trace
element analysis on a quarterly basis. Consequently, no
summary of the membrane filter analyses are presented in
this report. However, EPA will publish the trace element
results in a separate report. The samplers, themselves,
were calibrated every three months.
4.3 CASCADE PARTICULATE SAMPLES
The filters were visually inspected for any defects
that might impair their performance. A package was prepared
consisting of five impactor plates and a membrane filter
4-5
-------
numbered OXX001 - OXX006 using the appropriate station code.
After weighing, each item was placed in a separate glassine
envelope and the six envelopes were stapled together. The
packages were then numbered from 1 to 70. The operators
were instructed to use the packages consecutively, and if
one item of a package was physically damaged during the
loading of the impactor, the entire package should be
voided. The plates and membrane filter were weighed to the
nearest 1.0 yg using a Mettler micro-balance and the results
recorded in a separate log book. An example of this log
book data sheet is presented in Figure 4-2. During use, the
micro-balance was checked every hour by weighing a set of
class S weights. The observed weight versus the actual
weight was recorded in a separate log book. If a signifi-
cant difference in weight:occurred, corrective action was
taken immediately. Upon receipt of the impactor plates and
filter after sampling, they were logged into the laboratory
record book inspected, and designated valid or invalid. If
invalid, corrective measures were taken immediately. The
plates and filter were then weighed to the nearest 1.0 ]ig
and the results recorded in the log book. As before, the
balance was checked every hour using a set of class S
weights. The results of this quality control procedure are
presented in Table 4-2. The impactor plates and backup
4-6
-------
LABORATORY DATA LOS
CASCADE IMPACTORS
CITY NAME
ffi
LL
INSTRUMENT LAST CALIBRATED
SITE ADDRESS
PROJECT TIBE YJEAR
SAMPLER IDENTIFICATION
PROJECT
Mnw BITE
M
VI
Ml
[H. tM
IT HI
A
' TIME
COM
!/» .
INTERVAL
ram
nmui
1
Z
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
Z
3
4 .
5
6
1
Z
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
muci*
em
MJVtlM
TMM
mwn
CMIt
mi.
Mil
wot
tt
"Ct
IIMIIIS
*FROM AVERAGE FLOW DETERMINED FROM CALIBRATION
Figure.4-2. Laboratory record sheet.
Cascade impactor samples.
NAME PARAMETER
LABORATORY FUNCTIONS
FILTER PREPARATION
- FILTER MUST BE FREE OF PIN-
HOLES. TEARS. CREASES. LUMPS.
ETC.
- FILTER MUST BE PROPERLY
EQUILIBRATED (20 hrs >TIME>28 tors
HUMIDITY<50X)
(4 HUMIDITY * 5X; A TEMP * 3«C)
- BALANCE MUST BE CHECKED BEFORE
.WEIGHING {STD. WGT. 3 to 5 g
±0.0005 g)
SAMPLING ANALYSIS
-SAMPLE MUST BE FREE OF EVIDENCE
OF MALFUNCTION; TEN OR FEWER INSECTS
IN SAMPLE
- FILTER MUST BE PROPERLY EQUILIBRATE!
(SEE ABOVE)
-BALANCE MUST BE CHECKED BEFORE
WEIGHING (SEE ABOVE)
ALL SAMPLES WERE HANDLED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ABOVE
GUIDELINES
SIGNATURE
-------
Table 4-2.
CASCADE COLLECTION PLATE WEIGHING QUALITY
CONTROL LOG
CLASS "S" WEIGHTS (g)
Date
10/3/74
10/10/74
11/6/74
11/6/74
li/6/74
11/6/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/7/74
11/8/74
11/8/74
11/8/74
11/26/74
12/16/74
12/16/74
12/26/74
12/26/74
1/13/75
1/31/75
1/31/75
2/6/75
2/17/75
2/25/75
3/11/75
3/12/75
3/7/75
3/21/75
4/1/75
4/11/75
4/22/75
5/5/75
5/9/75
5/22/75
6/9/75
6/12/75
6/30/75
7/3/75
7/16/75
7/22/75
7/23/75
8/7/75
8/29/75
9/14/75
10/9/75
Tine
1:55
1:43
2:00
2:45
3:30
4:10
8:25
9:00
9:40
10:20
10:45
11:20
11:45
12:10
9:50
10:25
1:20
2:14
3:22
4:35
10:00
10:57
2:02
10:45
11:59
1:34
2:16
1:35
2:00
1:35
1:41
2:33
1:44
1:32
1:25
1:26
1:05
1:42
9:37
8:46
11:23
12:59
10:09
9:40
1:07
9:20
9:23
2:50
1:45
0.050000
0.050000
0.050000
0.050024
0.050029
0.05U020
0.050023
0.050025
0.050024
0.050022
0.050030
0.050027
0.050020
0.050025
0.050021
0.050028
0.050032
0.050035
0.050000
0.050031
0.050022
0.000018
0.050029
0.050050
0.050025
0.050017
0.050029
0.050026
0.050021
0.050032
0.050032
0.050023
0.050025
0.050030
0.050035
0.050035
0.050035
0.049955
0.050033
0.05003P
0.050041
0.050030
0.050035
0.050042
0.050037
0.050028
0.050020
0.050023
0.050030
0.050045
0.200000
0.200000
0.200000
0.199993
0.199980
0.199995
0.200004
0.199982
0.199990
0.200005
0.200010
0.200000
0.200008
0.199985
0.200006
0.199980
0.200007
0.199992
0.200026
0.200006
0.199985
0.199983
0.200000
0.200000
0.200010
0.200015
0.200045
0.200027
0.200040
0.200001
0.200000
0.200000
0.199990
0.199990
0.199998
0.200000
0.200015
0.200027
0.199985
0.199947
0.200085
0.199992
0.199993
0.199930
0.200002
0.200002
0.200001
0.200002
0.200000
0.200000
0.100000
0.100000
0.100005
0.100006
0.100215
0.100010
0.100025
0.100020
0.100012
0.100027
0.100025
0.100016
0.100021
0.100025
0.100020
0.100014
0.100015
0.100013
0.100000
0.100025
0.100017
0.100022
0.100019
0.099998
0.100036
0.100027
0.100022
0.100013
0.100000
0.100000
0.100028
0.100025
0.100014
0.100010
0.100025
0.100022
0.100020
0.099920
0.100007
0,100024
o.iooolo
0.100000
0.100016
0.100020
0.100024
0.100008
0.100000
0.100000
0.100009
0.100037
Technician
DEI:
bEii
KA1<
KAU
KAS
KAVi
KAH
KAS
KAS
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
DEX
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
KAZ
DEX
DEK
DEK
DBK
KAZ
DEIS
DEX
DEX
DEX
KAZ
DEX
DBK
DEX
DEX
DBK
DEX
DSX
DEK
DBK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEK
DEX
Ave -
Standard deviation ±
0.050026
0.000014 ±
0.200000 0.100014
0.000023 ±0.000017
4-8
-------
filter were filed chronologically for each sampling site and
forwarded quarterly to the EPA Regional Office in Denver for
special analysis.
After plotting the cumulative percent mass and the
diameter of the particulates from the first fifteen sampling
periods, it was found that an analytical problem existed
which was traced to three sources. These sources of error
were static charge on the filters during weighing, insuffi-
cient temperature and humidity control within the balance
room, and insufficient weight of particulates per impactor
plate. These problems were rectified for the remainder of
the sampling program by the use of an antistatic device
within the balance chamber, modification of the balance
room's temperature and humidity control such that 25 + 1°C
and 50 + 2% RH was maintained, and the increasing of the
sample air volume by a factor of four. The samplers were
calibrated every three (3) months by EPA approved procedures,
4.4 GAS BUBBLERS
Analytical methodology as described in the Federal
Register, Volume 38, No. 110, June 8, 1973, was employed for
the determination of nitrogen dioxide. The methodology as
described in the Federal Register, Volume 36, No. 84, April
30, 1971, was employed for the determination of sulfur
dioxide. The method for sampling and analyses of S02 con-
4-9
-------
sisted of absorbing the SO- from ambient air into a solution
of potassium tetrachloromecurate (TCM). A dichlorosulfitomer-
curate complex, which resists oxidation by oxygen in the
air, is formed. This complex is stable to strong oxidants,
such as ozone and nitrogen oxides, but recently has been
determined to be thermally unstable. As a result of this
thermal instability the sampling and subsequent sample
handling was performed at room temperature or below. The
complex is reacted with pararosaline and formaldehyde to
form an intensely colored pararosaniline methyl sulfonic
acid dye. The absorbance of this solution was measured
spectrophotometrically. The ambient concentration of S(>2
was calculated employing the above data and the volume of
the sample. The method of sampling and analysis of NO con-
sisted of absorbing the NO2 from ambient air into a solution
of sodium hydroxide-sodium arsensite to form a stable solu-
tion of sodium nitrite. The nitrite ion collected during
the sampling was reacted with phosphoric acid, sulfonilamide,
and N-l naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an
azo dye. The absorbance of this solution was measured
spectrophotometrically. Tha ambient concentration of NO-
was calculated using this data and the volume of the sample.
A separate laboratory analyses log for each pollutant, i.e.,
NO2 and S02 was maintained. This log contained the following
information:
4-10
-------
0 Sitie location -
0 Date sample collected
0 Sample and orifice number
0 Start and end flow rate
0 Time sampled (24 hrs.)
0 Volume of air sampled
0 Calibration data for spectrophotometer
0 Optical density of sample
0 Results of pollutant concentration in yg/m and ppm.
Each time a batch of samples were analyzed (a batch
consisted of approximately 10 samples), the spectrophotometer
was standardized employing freshly prepared standards and
the methods as described above.
One additional quality control check was employed with
respect to the calibrations of the critical orifices em-
ployed. Six orifices (27-gage hypodermic needles) were
selected at random and their flow determined at the PEDCo
Laboratory employing the same techniques as used for the
routine sampling. The orifices were then sent to EPA's
National Environmental Research Center at Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, for flow calibrations. The results of
these tests are presented in Table 4-3. The average diffe-
rence, based on an average flow rate of 200 cc/min, was 1.5
percent which is considered to be good agreement between two
laboratories.
4-11
-------
Table 4-3. COMPARISON OF CRITICAL ORIFICE FLOW RATE
Needle No.
1
2
3
4 ...
5
6
Laboratory*
PEDCo
206
210
207
202
195
174
NERC
209
213
210
206
197
178
*A11 measurements reported as cc/min corrected to 25°C and
760 mm HG.
4-12
-------
4.5 CONTINUOUS MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Two monitoring sites were employed, one located at
Gillette, Wyoming and the other at Stanton, North Dakota.
Each site contained continuous NO, NO-, and S02 monitors.
The NO and NO, measurements were made with a Bendix model
8101-B chemiluminescent monitor. Sulfur dioxide measure-
ments were made with a Philips model PW 9700 coulometric
analyzer.
4.5.1 NO Quality Control Program
i x ,
On a daily basis, the field operator checked the in-
strumental zero employing a source of zero air. The zero
air contained no measurable traces of SO- or NO . These
4» X
zero measurements for the one year sampling period for each
site did not deviate by more than + 1 percent of chart. In
addition to this zero check, a daily dynamic span check of
NO and NO 2 was made. A dilution system employing zero air
and compressed span gas of concentrations of NO and N02 in
nitrogen were employed as the source of standard span gas.
The results of these tests are summarized in Tables 4-4 and
4-5. On a monthly basis, both NO monitors were dynamically
*»
calibrated. The dynamic calibration consisted of a zero
check and four up-scale concentrations. The calibration
procedures and relationships have been supplied to the
Project Officer in a separate report.
4-13
-------
Table 4-4.
QUALITY ASSURANCE DATA GILLETTE, WYOMING, DAILY DYNAMIC CALIBRATION
RECORD, NO AND N02
September 1974 - August 1975
Month
-------
Table 4-5.
QUALITY ASSURANCE DATA STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA, DAILY DYNAMIC CALIBRATION
RECORD, NO AND NO2
September 1974 - August 1975
Month
j*-
a\
rH
ID
r-
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
NO (ppm)
Calculated3
value
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.08
,08
.08
.08
.08
Mean observed
value
.23
.23
.23
.21
.22
.23
.23
.08
.09
.08
.09
.09
Standard
deviation
±.006
±.008
±.005
+ .007
±.009
±.005
±.009
±.003
±.007
±.007
±.007
±.008
NO 2 (ppm)
Calculated3
value
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
Mean observed
value
.09
.09
.10
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
Standard
deviation
±.005
±.005
±.006
±.002
±.005
±.004
±.005
±.002
±.005
±.004
±.004
±.005
cn
Calculated value: ppm =
F X C
Where:
F, = flow of standard gas (1/min)*
Fj = flow of zero gas (1/min)*
C^ = concentration of standard gas (yg/1)*
*A11 gas at 25°C and 760 mm Hg.
-------
Both NO monitors operated without major malfunctions
*
and within the manufacturer's specifications for the one
year sampling period.
4.5.2 S02 Quality Control Programs
On a daily basis, the field operators checked the
dynamic zero and internal span of the' Philips monitors. The
dynamic zero and internal span values were within + 2% of
chart of their theoretical values; no zero or span drifts
were observed over the one year study period.
Dynamic S02 span checks were also conducted employing a
National Bureau of Standards-certified S02 permeation tube
and associated dilution systems. Each day the operator was
scheduled to introduce a concentration of SO2 from this
system into the inlet line of the Philips monitor. Based on
the calculated value of S02 from this system and the observed
value obtained from the monitor, a quality control technique
was developed. The results of these checks are presented in
Table 4-6 for the instrument located at Gillette, Wyoming
and in Table 4-7 for the instrument located at s'tanton,
North Dakota. One minor problem did exist with this type of
quality control technique which was a result of the rapid
expiration rate of the permeation tubes since they were
continuously permeating. Periodically, they would become
depleted, at which time the field operator would notify the
4-16
-------
Table 4-6. S02 QUALITY ASSURANCE DATA GILLETTE, WYOMING
4 DAILY DYNAMIC CALIBRATION RECORD
SEPTEMBER 1974 < AUGUST 1975
Month
**
r-
cn
r-l
in
r-
cn
iH
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Meana .
calculated
value
0.155
0.201
0.168
0.152
0.176
0.191
0.170
0.166
0.210
0.166
0.177
0.173
Meana
observed
value
0.160
0.205
0.177
0.162
0.182
0.194
0.174
0.169
0.198
0.173
0.180
0.170
Standard
deviation
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.02
±.01
±.02
±.01
' ±.03
Arithmetic mean
'calculated value: C = £* x g₯
Li M
Where:
C is ppm (V/V) of S02 from the permeation system
PR is permeation rate at the temperature at which
M
MV
L
the tube was used in micrograms/min.
is molecular weight of S02
is molecular volume at 25°C
is air flow in liters/min, corrected to 25°C and
760 mm Hg pressure.
4-17
-------
Table 4-7. S02 QUALITY ASSURANCE DATA STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA
DAILY DYNAMIC CALIBRATION RECORD
SEPTEMBER 1974 - AUGUST 1975
Month
£
S
to
i-H
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Meana .
calculated
value
0.282
0.278
0.268
0.244
0.244
0.245
0.200
0.239
0.234
0.243
0.210
'0.21.4
Mean
observed
value
0.294
0.270
0.264
0.248
0.252
0.252
0.186
0.230
0.243
0.237
0.204
0.220
Standard
deviation
±.02
±.01
±.02
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.01
±.02
±.02
±.03
±.01
±.01
Arithmetic mean
Calculated value: C = £*- x ~
L Ki
Where:
C
PR
M
MV
L
is ppm (V/V) of SO,, from the permeation system
is permeation rate at the temperature at which
the tube was usefi in micrograms/min
is molecular weight of SO2
is molecular volume at 25°C
is air flow in liters/min, corrected to 250C and
760 mm Hg pressure.
4-18
-------
Bismarck office and a new tube installed in the system. This
would often result in the loss of several days of quality
control data. In general, the difference between the S02
calculated value and the observed value, at the 0.25 ppm
range was less than 0.02 ppm or 2% of chart, which is within
the limits of accuracy of the permeation tube dilution
system and the Philips monitor. Both Philips monitors were
dynamically calibrated on a monthly basis. The dynamic
calibration consisted of a zero check and four up-scale
concentrations. The calibration procedures and relationships
have been supplied to the Project Officer in a separate
report.
4-19
-------
5.0 SPECIFIC MONITORING SITES AND RESULTS
In the following 'sections, the individual sampling
sites will be discussed with respect to location in the
Northern Great Plains Region, surrounding topography, land
use, and potential fugitive dust sources. A regional map
detailing the exact location of each site is provided in
Figure 5-1. Included, will also be a listing on the sampling
equipment used at the site. At the close of each section, a
four view pictorial display of the surrounding area, and a
concise Project Data Summary will be presented. Actual data
gathered from the surface weather stations is not included
in this report as the task of data reduction and tabulation
was awarded to a separate contractor. For those sites
equipped with weather stations, a table is included which
presents the percent of valid data collected on a monthly
and annual basis. Actual results will be forthcoming in a
separate EPA report.
Cascade size distribution is presented here as seasonal
and annual averages. Volume II of this report contains
monthly averages in addition to the seasonal and annual
averages described above. The results from the individual
96-hour sampling periods are available from the Project
Officer.
5-1
-------
^.nnr^o., McCLUSKY
GARRISON* «S
MEDORA L-1
STANTON WASHBURN
PARSHALL
[NORTH DAKOTA
FT. PECK P0.LAR
Figure 5-1. Distribution of sampling sites in Northern Great Plains Region.
-------
The column appearing in the tables as "% valid samples"
is defined as: Number of valid samples/total sampling
periods x 100%.
5.1 WYOMING MONITORING SITES AND RESULTS
SAROAD site data for the Wyoming sites can be found in
Figure 5-2.
5.1.1 Buffalo, Wyoming
Buffalo is located in the North Central area of Wyoming,
seventy-five miles south of the Montana State line. It is '
surrounded to the South and West by the Big Horn Mountains,
and to the North and East by open, rolling prairie. The
sampling tower was situated on a small, light duty airport
on the fringe of the municipal limits.
The sampling tower was equipped with a high-volume
sampler, a cascade impactor, and an MRI mechanical wind
instrument. All samplers were serviced and calibrated at
the beginning of the study and every quarter thereafter.
Maintenance consisted of changing brushes in the hi-vol,
checking the Dickson recorder and timer for proper opera-
tion, inspection of wiring, operational check of the raagna-
helic guage on the cascade pump, and confirming the ori-
entation and recorder performance of the wind instrument.
Photo 5-1 presents a photographic display of the sur-
rounding area. Following this display, in Table 5-1, is a
5-3
-------
BUFFALO, WYOMING
in
I
SITECODE: 520820001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 146,700
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOC NEAR HANGERS AT AIRPORT 5 1/2 MIL NW OF NEWCASTLE
NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN 9/74
LOCATION: WESTON CO
COUNTY (0820): WESTON CO
SITE AODR: AIRPORT (BUFFALO)
STATION TYPE (33)I RURAL - COMMERCIAL
AQCR (243): WYOMING
SMSA (0000):
GILLETTE, WYOMING
SITECODE: 520080001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
LOCATION: CAMPBELL CO
COUNTY (0080): CAMPBELL CO
SITE AODR: COLLINS COMMON INC TRANS TOWER
(GILLETTE)
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (243): WYOMING
SMSA (0000):
CITY POPULATION
AQCR POPULATION
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY i EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOCATED AT COLLINS TRANS/TOWER 4.7 MI S OF GILLETTE OF STATE
RT 59 NGFt? tSP SOj NOj BEGftH 9/74
LUSK, WYOMING
SITECODE: 520300001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03 .
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 100,162
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOC AT THE FAA RADAR FACILITY SOUTHWEST OF LUSK NGPRP BI-VOL
BEGAN 9/74. LOCATED AT SAME SITE AS NGPRP
LOCATION: GOSHEN CO
COUNTY (0300): GOSHEN CO
SITE ADDR: FAA RADAR FACILITY
STATION TYPE (41): REMOTE
AWCR (242)i METROPOLITAN CHEYENNE
SMSA (0000):
NEWCASTLE, WYOMING
SITECODE: 520060001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION: 3,384
AQCR POPULATION: 146,700
EPA-REGION: 8
i 3PA HRIOH VIII
LOCATION: BUFFALO
COUNTY (0360)t JOHNSON CO
SITE ADDR: BUFFALO AIRPORT (NEWCASTLE)
STATION TYPE (34): RURAL - INDUSTRIAL
AQCR (243): WYOMING
SMSA (0000)1
LATITUDE: 43 D. 53 M. 02 S.
LONGITUDE: 104 D. 18 M. SS 8. W
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 4859000
UTM EASTING: 00555000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 4165 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 44 D. 13 M. 38 S. N
LONGITUDE: 105 D. 27 M. 48 S. W
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 4897000
UTM EASTING: 00463000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVAVION ABOVE MSL: 4400 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 42 D. 35 M. 38 S. N
LONGITUDE: 104 D. 35 M. 16 S. V
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 4715586
UTM EASTING: 00533820
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 6135 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 BOOKS
LATITUDE: 44 D. 22 M. 39 S. N
LONGTITUDE: 106 D. 42 M. 48 S. W
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 4915000
UTM EASTING: 00363500
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUVD: 010 FT.
BLSVATIOII ABOVE MSL: 4900 FT.
Figure 5-2. SAROAD site description, State of Wyoming
-------
*""-"*«*
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-1. Buffalo, Wvoming
-------
Table 5-1. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY BUFFALO, WYOMING
(24-hour averages)
Date
*»
i-»
a\
in
r*~
w
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
(high-volume)a
T3 IS>
r- OJ
to o.
> e
r- Q;
(0 Q.
> E
-------
summary of pertinent data collected during the year. Meteoro-
logical data is presented in Table 5-2. Cascade size
distribution is graphically presented as seasonal averages
in Figures 5-3 through 5-5. Cascade data for the months of
September, October and November is not included because
these samples were invalid. Finally, in Figure 5-6, an
annual (9 months) average of cascade data is presented.
Monthly averages are displayed in Volume II of this report.
Table 5-3 summarizes cascade size distribution.
5-7
-------
Table 5-2. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
BUFFALO, WYOMING
Month
e'-
en
r~-
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speeda
98
100
96
86
84
96
95
97
96
92
95
100
95
Wind direction3
98
100
96
83
95
96
96
96
96
92
95
98
95
Percent valid data.
5-8
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITE Buffalo, Wyoming SAMPLING PFRinn Winter, 1974-1975
o
o
on
LJ
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
L-
-
-
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
HI
/
1
/
/
1
/
/
/
1
/
/
1
V
\
\
A
\
1
i
«/
i
i H
/
t
ii i
iii i
/
J
T
111!
.
'
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
80
90
98 99
Figure 5-3. Cascade size distribution - Buffalo, Wyoming.
5-9
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITF Buffalo, Wyoming SAMPLING PFRinn Spring 1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
o
- 0.9
£ 0.8
£ 0.7
S 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1 1 1 1
*
in
1111
1
/
i
1
/
/
1
/
/
|
1
/
/
/
|
1
V
\
\
f
1
i
1 II
4
9
III
Illl
/
/
/
11 1 1
~|
/
T
/
i
. ,
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
90
98 99
Figure 5-4. Cascade size distribution, Buffalo, Wyoming.
5-10
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITF Buffalo, Wyoming SAMPLING PFRTOH Slimmer, 1Q7CJ
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
microns
CD
- 0.9
£ 0.8
£ 0.7
5 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
i
1 1 1 1
.
1 1 1 1
nr
in i
1
1
V
1
1
/
/
1
1
1
(
/
/
\
\
(
1
/
\
1
l\
\
1
/
i
in
7
HII
4
/
/
11 1 1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
90
98 99
Figure 5-5. Cascade size distribution, Buffalo, Wyoming.
5-11
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM ^
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITE BuffalQf Wyoming SAMPLING PFRinn Dec- 1974 " Au9- 1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
0
- 0.9
£ 0.8
£ 0.7
o 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
.
i n i
1 1 1 1
III
Illl
1
.
/
I
1
J
/
/
1
1
/
/
/
1
/
1
\
A
- '.'
i
i
/
' :
1
till
/
II II
1 1 1
/
/
'
till
/
.
,
'
'
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
98 99
Figure 5-6. Cascade size distribution, Buffalo, Wyoming.
5-12
-------
Table 5-3. CASCADE DATA SUMMARY, BUFFALO, WYOMING
Winter
Spring
Summer
Annual3
Mass median diameter
(50th percentile)
(microns)
1.20
.70
.86
75
Standard
geometric,
deviation
5.0
4.6
5.8
5.7
Q
Average
TSP
(ug/m3)
7
6
6
9
Percent^
less than
1- micron
45
59
53
55
Percent^
less than
2 microns
63
76
68
72
Number of
samples
13
13
8
34
I
M
10
"Annual" = 9 months.
^Standard geometric deviation =
i
'Ar i thme tr ic
84.13% size
50% size
Percent of sample mass with particle diameters less than one micron (two microns).
-------
5.1.2 Gillette, Wyoming
Sampling activities at Gillette were conducted at the
Collins Communications transmitting shack, located six miles
south of the corporation limits. Gillette is situated in
Northeastern Wyoming and is surrounded by small rolling
hills in all directions. The land is used for livestock
grazing arid some production of commercial small grains. The
town is located near large coal and oil fields and intensive
strip mining and drilling activities have begun throughout
the area. As a result of these mining arid drilling activities
there is a high volume of heavy truck traffic on several
dirt and gravel roads sprawling throughout the area. Cur-
rently, there exists a small generating plant east of
Gillette near the Wyo-Dak strip mine. A larger generating
facility is under construction near the mine.
The site was equipped with two continuous monitors,
consisting of a Philips S0~ monitor and a Bendix NO, N0~
monitor. In addition to the continuous samplers there was
an RAC gas bubbler, a high volume particulate sampler arid an
Anderson cascade impactor. The continuous monitors were
zeroed and spanned by the field operator on a daily basis,
while PEDCo performed a dynamic calibration at the outset of
each month. A quarterly maintenance program as recommended
by the respective manufacturers was also carried out by
5-14
-------
PEDCo. This included supplying fresh reagent, changing
particulate filters and scrubber columns, cleaning critical
orifices, and any other maintenance as deemed necessary by
PEDCo. The intermittant samplers were thoroughly inspected,
serviced, and calibrated at the beginning of each quarter.
Photo 5-2 reveals topographical conditions. Project
data summaries are provided in Tables 5-4 and 5-5. The S02
and N02 24-hour integrated bubbler data and the continuous
SO- and N02 data at first glance appear to exhibit poor
correlation. However when the yg/m units are converted to
ppm units it is apparent that the differences are quite
small. These differences are a result of poor accuracy and
precision in the manual method when employed at concentrations
near its detection limit. Cascade data from Gillette is
presented as seasonal and annual averages in Figures 5-7
through 5-10. Cascade data from September, October, and
November is not included because these data were invalid.
Monthly averages of the cascade data can be found in Volume
II of this report. Table 5-6 summarizes cascade sampling
efforts at the Gillette site.
5-15
-------
Ol
I
M
en
North View
South View
IMHIIBBHHP
East View
Photos 5-2. Gillette, Wyoming
West'View
-------
Table 5-4. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY GILLETTE, WYOMING
(24-hour averages)
Date
cr.
in
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
(high-volume)3
T3 t/1
-,- di
TO Q.
> E
TO
&9 tS>
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
97
Geometric
Mean
20.1
20.6
8.3
8.5
7.7
11.0
13.1
10.0
9.0
16.6
35.9
15.2
13.2
Maximum
40
30
17
12
25
12
63
15
28
29
43
49
63
Minimum
13
13
5
3
3
10
6
7
1
9
28
3
1
(cascade
impactor)
"O l/l
- O)
TO O.
> s
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
lOOb
S02
Gas bubbler3
TO Q.
> E
a-s
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
100
100
100
100
80
97
!-> C
ZI QJ
«a: z:
0
13.2
31.3
29.0
17.2
11.3
25.2
12.0
5.0
17.8
5.4
2.5
13.6
Maximum
0
26
44
43
34
20
48
41
13
28
27
10
48
"
Minimum
0
0
26
15
0
0
14
0
0
12
0
0
0
N02
Gas bubbler3
"O .V
to Q-
> E
6-3 in
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
100
100
100
100
80
97 .
.c
+-> c
i- ro
i- U
-------
I
M
00
Table 5-5. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY
CONTINUOUS MONITORS
GILLETTE, WYOMING
*
^
in
CTl
Date
,Sep .. .
"Oc'tt
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
r- c;
to OL
> E
89
95
94
90
94
92
94
90
94
94
73
91
91
SO
.c
4-> C
r- ro
J- 0)
E
(O
iS (/)
89 .;
90
92
90
85
80
86
87
90
83
91
75
87
. NC
r-ro
J-0)
.00.,..
.00
.00^
..00. ..
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
)a
Maximum
"' .00 --f ?
. 00 -
-;:00"T-
.;00'^
.(» -
.01.
.00
.00
.00.7
.00
.02
.00
.02
.«**
E ;*.
c
---p-
v';oo
.00
.00
-.00 .>
- ."
' .00
.00 I
.00 i
.00
.00 \
.00 |
.00 *
.00 ;
.00
^
f-O CO
:-r- QJ
1 *o *^
~> E
i"10
85
86
92.
>' 91
93
87
85
90
94
93
94
94
.90
NC
-> c
r- to
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
,00
.00
.00
.00
.00
)2a
Maximum
.03
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.01
.02
.01
.02
.03
.01
.03
Mininum
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1-hour averages in ppm.
-------
SITE Gillette, Wyoming
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SAMPLING PPRinn Winter, 1974 - 1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
o
* 0.9
£ 0.8
£ 0.7
o 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
.
1 1 1 1
1111
in
n 1 1
1
/
1
1
/
/
1
1
f
/
\
»
/
|
1
<
Y
i
i
/
V
in
j
f
1 1 n
/
4
f
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
98 99
Figure 5-7. Cascade size distribution, Gillette, Wyoming
5-19
-------
SITE Gillette, Wyoming
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SAMPLING PERIOD_Spring^_oaZ5-
9.0
B.O
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.d
2.0
microns
b
- 0.9
£ 0.8
£ 0.7
o 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
.
>
^
v<
,
IMI
1 1 1 1
II II
;
1
>
/
/
i '''
1
V
/
/
\
- .
{
f
1
\
\
/
/
\
\
'
/
|
1
TTTT
;
1 11
1 1 1 1
i
/
I
\ \ 1
/
/
,
r
{
i
f
s.
10 20 30 40;, 50 60 70 80 90
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
98 99
Figure 5-8. Cascade size distribution, Gillette, Wyoming
5-20
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITE Gillette, Wyoming ,! SAMPLING PFRinn :Summer, 1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
o
- 0.9
£ 0.8
iJ-1 n 7
Z 0. 7
S 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1
i
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
10
Illl
r
in i
2
1
/
/
1
0 3
1
/
/
7
|
0 4
1
/
/
f
0 5
1
<
/
/
|
0 6
1
/
I
0 7
1
/
0 8
Hi
/
1 1 ii
0
MM
j
/
T
INI
9(
1
.
)
i
i
\
9
-
8 9
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
Figure 5-9. Cascade size distribution, Gillette, Wyoming.
5-21
-------
SITE Gillette, Wyoming
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
_ _ SAMPLING
Den. 1Q74 -
, 1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
o
- 0.9
£ 0.8
£-0.7
5 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
_
Mil
III
/
\
/
/
1
1
/
/
'
1
/
/
'
|
1
/
f
\
/
\
/.
[
1 II
/
1 1 II
1 1 1 1
/
/
11 1 1
I
L
*
/]
f
\
-^
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
80
90
98 99
Figure 5-10. Cascade size distribution, Gillette, Wyoming
5-22
-------
Table 5-6. CASCADE DATA SUMMARY, GILLETTE, WYOMING
Winter
Spring -
Summer
Annual3
Mass median diameter
(50th percentile)
(microns)
.85
.76
.80
.95
Standard
geometric,
deviation
6.6
4.5
5.0
4.1
Average
TSP
(yg/m3)
9
7
7
7
Percent
less than
1- micron
53
57
55
52
Percent-
less than
2 microns
68
74
72
70
Number of
samples
15
16
15
46
Ul
I
to
u>
"Annual" = 9 months.
Standard geometric deviation = '50% size
'Arithmetic
Percent of sample mass with particle diameters less than 1 micron (2 microns).
-------
5.1.3. Lusk, Wyoming
Sampling activities were conducted at the Lusk FAA
Radar facility, twenty-five miles southwest of Lusk in the
Eastern portion of Wyoming. The general topography consists
of rolling hills in the immediate vicinity of the sampling
platform, and flat prairie further away (refer to Photo 5-3).
The site is in a rural area, consequently land use is
primarily agricultural. Access to the site was by means of
a gravel road, used only by personnel of radar facility.
The tower was originally equipped with two high-volume
samplers and an MRI mechanical wind instrument. The dupli-
cate hi-vol arrangements were for the purpose of quality
control. Results from the two hi-vols closely parallel one
another. Discrepencies are probably attributable to the
windy conditions that exist throughout the area, resulting
in the indiscriminate depositing of heavier particles on the
separate filter papers. In March of 1975, an RAC gas bubbler
was added to the existing samplers. The sampling equipment
was serviced and calibrated on a quarterly basis by PEDCo-
Environmental.
A data summary for the intermittant samplers is detailed
in Table 5-7. The collection efficiency of the weather sta-
tion is displayed in Table 5-8 as a percent of data collected.
5-24
-------
I
txi
Ln
North View
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-3. lusk, Wyoming
-------
Table 5-7. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY LUSK, WYOMING
(24-hour averages)
Ul
NJ
CM
Date
£
«/>
^
e>
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Hay
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE*
(high-volume) Site 001
TJ in
*- a;
m o.
> £
, >o
-,-s
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
100
_LQO_
100
100
80
97
Geometric
Mean '
11.9
14.1
7.6
4.8
2.5
1.9
6.2
8.9
8.7
13.4
18.2
16.3
8.2
Maximum
29
30
21
7
18
7
28
16
14
84
39
23
84
T- .
C
r-
SE
6
5
6
3
0
0
2
5
4
4
8
10
0
(high-volume) Site 002
o ui
*- v
E
«s
80
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
40
80
100
100
90
Geometric
Mean
11.9
9.2
7.4
5.1
5.1
3.6
5.6
8.3
7.8
13.7
24.1
24.7
9.1
Maximum
22
30
14
7
24
14
27
13
10
93
48
41
93
Minimum
6
5
4
3
0
1
2
5
6
2
10
13
0
S02
Gas bubbler3
5' fi-
St
O
tc£
N/A
N/A.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
18.3
12.8
4.8
2.4
4.0
4.2
7.5
Maximum .
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
30
52
13
12
16
11
52
c
IE
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0 .
0
0
0
0
0
0
N02
Gas bubbler"
o u>
T- 01
^ r
10 O.
> E
«s
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
67
100
too
100
100
100
94
5c
*r- tJ
$2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.5
1.4
16.2
5.4
1.6
8.4
!).9
Maximum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6
7
68
20
8
11
OB
"c
£
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
U
U
D
0
S
U
*M1cro9rws/cub1c enter
-------
Table 5-8. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
LUSK, WYOMING
Month
**
£
H
in
r-{
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
82
48
54
54
75
31
0
0
98
46
0
65
46
Wind direction3
97
48
o
54
62
26
0
0
95
44
0
65
41
Percent valid data.
5-27
-------
5.1.4 Newcastle, Wyoming
Newcastle is located in the Northeastern region of
Wyoming, an area which is slated for intensive coal develop-
ment. In addition, there has been a rebirth of the oil
exploration industry in this arena, and there exists a re-
finery in Newcastle, approximately 10 miles east of the
sampling site. The site was positioned at the Newcastle
Airport. General topography varies from rolling hills to
/
flat prairie. Photo 5-4 gives a visual display of the
immediate area. During the months of July and August,
repaving of the airport's runways caused higher than normal
particulate collection. Refer to Data Anbmoly Report 5-1.
The monitors at Newcastle included a membrane sampler,
a hi-vol, an MRI wind instrument, and in March of 1975 a gas
bubbler was added. The membrane samples were analyzed for
trace elements by another EPA contractor and will be summa-
rized in a forthcoming EPA report. All sampling equipment
was thoroughly inspected, serviced, and calibrated at the
outset of the project arid every three months thereafter.
Table 5-9 presents pertinent data collected during the
study. The percentage of wind data collected is shown in
Table 5-10.
5-28
-------
01
ro
vo
North View
r««s«^
.
South View
:
.
.
East View
West View
Photos 5-4. Newcastle, Wyoming
-------
DATA ANOMALY HEPORT
Suspended Parlieulate
(Hi-Vol)
.Location /l/Cu/COS/Ai (Mya/-n',*t * Date Z -£3 -7.-r
Observed value c3 77 JL^JT)* Corrected value .377 JLi
-*"'
1. Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
aUulT^^f. /^>voeix ;not reasonablesample is void
(Signature) (Signature)
2. The .second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
checked and found to be correct -ri/^f ?^jrt /^>v<9z>!lJ .
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted) .
(Signature)
3. . The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct gOLcn^je. /t^eeQT; incorfect sample is
(Signature)
void _ _ .
(Signature)
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable __ _ i
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void _ _ .
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND: _ calm,__ _ light, y/ gusty. VISIBILITY; y/ clear, _
Hazy.
SKY : iX clear , scattered , _ overcast . HUMIDITY : ^/ dry ,
moderate, _ humid, _ rain. TEMPERATURE °F: _ <20, _
20-40,^ _ 41-60, _ 61-80, v/ >80 :
D. The sampler was last calibrated oh (t> ~ */'?*>" by
«* C. :S
(Signature)
REMARKS:
4. Additional information:
5. A. The sample is valid and appeared to be the result of a general
buildup in air pollutants .
(Signature)'
B. The sample is valid but is a result of the following reasons:
f>a.»
a. >
(Signature)
Data Anomaly Report 5-1
5-30
-------
Table 5-9. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY NEWCASTLE, WYOMING
(24-hour averages)
Da-.e
«3"
r^
C^-
(~-
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
reb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun
Jul.
Aug.
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
(hi gh-volume)
O
r- 01
r-* l~
OS O.
> E
to
**
40
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
Geometric
Moan
39.3
31.1
4.2
9.0
8.6
7.3
10.8
10.6
12.4
9.6
35.2
76.0
14.2
c
2
X
rS
43
44
18
16
13
11
24
25
16
51
67
277
277
:;
e
c
3fi
18
0
7
5
4
7
6
9
1
23
19
0
(membrane)
~o ^
- OJ
li
(O
&« 01
fin
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
SO?
Gas bubbler3
O in
.- 0)
'fO 'o.
> =
na
5~i to
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
83
100
80
80
100
80
87
.c
-t-> c
i- E
fl3
va m
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
67
100
an
60
100
80
81
.c
+J c
r- 03
1- 0)
-------
Table 5-10; METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
NEWCASTLE, WYOMING
Month
<*
£
^H
in
S
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April ;
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speeda
0
0
0
100
100
80
55
92
68
100
100
100
66
Wind direction3
0
0
0
100
100
80
54
85
68
100
100
100
66
Percent valid data.
5-32
-------
5.2 SOUTH DAKOTA SAMPLING SITES AND RESULTS
SAROAD site description for the South Dakota monitor-
ing sites can be found in Figure 5-11.
5.2.1 Belle Fourche, South Dakota
The sampling site was installed five miles south of
Belle Fourche in the Western portion of South Dakota. Directly
south, lay the Black Hills of South Dakota, and in all other
directions are rolling hills and valleys. This is pictorially
portrayed in Photo 5-5. Land use is primarily agriculture
at 30 percent grain farming and 70 percent livestock grazing.
Being a heavily wooded area, there are some logging operations
in the Black Hills region. The site was accessible by means
of a gravel road; however, it was a private drive and was
not heavily traveled. Sampling activities were hindered
during January and February as a result of illness of the
field operator and her family.
At the onset of the project, a high volume sampler, a
membrane sampler, and a MRI wind instrument was installed.
The membrane samples were analyzed for trace element analysis
by another EPA contractor and will be summarized in a forth-
coming EPA report. In conjunction with these monitors, a gas
bubbler was installed in March of 1975. PEDCo changed hi-
vol brushes and performed all scheduled maintenance on a
quarterly basis. Other remedial maintenance was performed
as necessary. A project data summary is supplied in Table
5-11. The percentage of wind data collected is presented in
Table 5-12.
5-33
-------
BELLE FOURCHE, SOUTH DAKOTA
en
U)
SITECODE: 430980001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION!
AQCR POPULATION: 113,448
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: 6 MI SE OF BELLE POURCHB NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN 9/74
LOCATION: LAWRENCE CO
COUNTY 90980)1 LAWRENCE CO
SITE ADDR: 6 MILES SE OF (BELLE FOURCHE)
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (205): BLACKHILLS-RAPID CITY
SMSA (000):
LOCATION: HARDING CO
COUNTY (0760): HARDING CO
SITE ADDR: BUFFALO HATER TOWER 1/2 MILE NB
(BUFFALO)
STATION TYPE (32)t RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (206)i SOUTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000)1
BUFFALO, SOUTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 430760001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULTATIOH: 418,828
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOCATED 1/2 MI HE OF
BUFFALO SD AT THE WATER TOWER.
LOCATED AT SAME SITE AS NGPRP HI-VOL
430760002.
LEMMON, SOUTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 431320001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 418,828
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY I EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS t LOCATED 1 1/2 MILES 8 8W OF IBMOH BQPKP HI-VOL UQAH 9/74
LOCATION: PERKINS CO
COUNTY (1320)« PERKINS.CO
SITE ADDR: 1 1/2 MILES S SW (LEMMON)
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (206): SOUTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000)1
LATITUDE 44 D. 34 M. 58 8. N
LONGITUDE: 103 D. 51 M. 13 S. I
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 4937000
UTM EASTING: 00591000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 3300 FT.
LATITUDE: 45 D. 36 M. 18 S.
LONGITUDE: 103 D. 32 M. 17 S. W
UTM ZONE: 13
UTK NORTHING: 5051000
UTM EASTING: 00614000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2890 FT.
DIFF. SJMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 45 D. S3 M. 40 S. N
LONGITUDE: 102 D. 10 M. 38 S. V
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5086000
UTM EASTING: 00719000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2SOO FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 BOORS
Figure 5-11. SAROAD site description, State of South Dakota
-------
tn
i
Ul
Ln
North View
...
South View
--
,...
h
*^&fci*.- - - ' '
-
; i.
t
I
^ V-'
"I ^f^i-.a*>Hi"-,
East View
West View
Photos 5-5. Belle Fourche, South Dakota
-------
Table 5-11. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY BELLE FOURCHE, SOUTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
S
in
o
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE
(high-volume)
o
rr Q>
ro Q.
> E
60
100
100
100
60
50
100
100
100
100
100
60
84
Geometric
Mean
21,5
26.5
9.3
9.0
9.8
7.8
8.8
11.6
24.4
24.4
42.8
35.4
16.2
Maximum
33
56
27
31
15
10
17
21
36
44
61
46
61
s=
3
C
12
20
3
2
7
6
4
6
20
15
29
24
2
(membrane)
-o
"ir
to
^9. (/)
100
80
100
100
60
50
100
100
100
100
100
60
85
502
Gas bubbler9
-.- E
ro
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.C ' '
M C
r- ro
i. QJ
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14.2
11.6
3.4
3.0
3,2
0.0
6.3
Maximum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
42
45
17
15
16
0
45
Minimum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N02
Gas bubbler3
TO
*^ Q}
to Q.
> E
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
100
100
100
100
100
80
97
r- to
i. 0)
f^
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.5
3.2
4.2
3.0
.5.0
1.8
4.3
Maximum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
21
10
13
10
9
7
21
Minimum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OJ
*Micrograms/cubtc meter
-------
Table 5-12. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
BELLE FOURCHE, SOUTH DAKOTA
Month
XT
,_)
in
p%
^^
r-t
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
53
57
0
45
69
0
0
38
0
0
0
47
26
Wind direction3
54
58
0
47
69
0
0
38
0
0
0
46
26
Percent valid data.
5-37
-------
5.2.2 Buffalo, South Dakota
Buffalo is located in Harding County in Northwestern
South Dakota. The livelihood of the residents is dependent
upon agriculture, which is equally divided between small
grain farming and cattle ranching. The general topography
is flat prairie (refer to Photo 5-6). The sampling.tower
was installed on a hill one-half mile east of the center of
town. An unpaved public street, which ended twenty yards
from the sampling platform, provided access.
The Buffalo site was equipped with two hi-vols, one RAG
gas bubbler, and an MRI mechanical wind instrument. Two hi-
vols were used for the purpose of quality control. Dis-
crepancies are probably the result of gusting winds which
are common to the region, causing indiscriminate lodging of
heavier particles on the different filters. Maintenance and
calibration of the sampling equipment was performed at the
start of each quarter and at the end of PEDCo's involvement
with the project. Pertinent results are presented in Table
5-13. MRI collection efficiency is provided in Table 5-14,
5-38
-------
' I I
-
U)
North View
East View
.
S, :<4l ,~ i _
- -,*4*
South View
West View
Photos 5-6. Buffalo, South Dakota
-------
Table 5-13. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY BUFFALO, SOUTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«r
r-»
Ok
r*»
If!
£
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Hay
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTIOJLATE*
(high-volume) Site 001
O ut
,- e
«s
60
100
100
100
100
100
67
100
100
80
100
80
90
Geometric
Mean
11.5
21.1
8.2
7.8
5.8
9.4
4.6
8.0
12.2
15.6
34.4
20.6
11.4
Maximum
39
51
18
16
12
16
13
13
23
21
48
33
51
Minimum
2
9
5
4
3
6
0
6
2
10
28
8
0
S02
Gas bubbler*
58
-------
Table 5-14. ; METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
BUFFALO, SOUTH DAKOTA
Month
^
r-
in
J*x
o^
r-t
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
84
99
79
42
44
97
92
95
65
55
89
94
77
Wind direction3
84
99
75
42
44
97
96
91
65
55
89
94
77
Percent valid data.
5-41
-------
5.2.3 Lemmon, South Dakota
Leiranon is located in North Central South Dakota near
the North Dakota state line. Agriculture is the industry
that supports the area. Consequently, all suitable land is
used to produce small grains, primarily, wheat. A four view1
pictorial display is presented in Photo 5-7. The tower was
placed in the operator's yard, about one mile south of the
town. The operator had a hog breeding barn and feeding lot
about 20 yards from the sampler. Site access was by means
of a gravel driveway. Data Anomaly Report 5-2 reports an
abnormally high particulate loading on October 20, 1974.
The sampling equipment consisted of a hi-vol and an MRI
mechanical wind instrument, both of which were serviced and
calibrated during the initial installation and every quarter
thereafter. A project data summary can be found in Table 5-
15. The percentage of wind data gathered is displayed in
Table 5-16.
5-42
-------
1
North View
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-7. Lemmon, South Dakota
-------
DATA ANOMALY REPORT
Suspended Particulate
(Ili-Vol)
Location Uemmon . S. tuxNwtcy _ . _ Date lO
Observed value S3. 6 Jutm** _ Corrected value U&9 juufc /
1. Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
jnot reasonable sample is void
(Signature). (Signature)
2. The second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
checked and found to be correct i9l*rTLVTWl \^*»«Mboj«3>>
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted) : .
(Signature)
3. The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct AaftvKun. \3_ww/cojA; incorrectsample is
(Signature)
void .
(Signature) ,
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable jSXjtmjjm \X>frv*Joixte
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void__
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND: calm, light, S gusty. VISIBILITY; clear, ^
Hazy.
SKY:_ clear, 80
D. The sampler was last calibrated on guulfr _ ' by
VO.R.
(Signature)
REMARKS:
.4. Additional information:
5. A. The sample is valid and appeared to be the result of a general
buildup in air pollutants j9karr*veJck __. . ,:'
(Signature)
B. The sample is valid but is a result of the following reasons:
(Signature)
Data Anomaly Report 5-2
5-44
-------
Table 5-15. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY LEMMON, SOUTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
a-
r>.
IT>
f^
CTl
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE3
(high-volume)3
T3 £
m
S-S 10
100
100
100
67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
Geometric
Mean
30.4
52.8
13.9
12.1
24.4
24.8
29.9
12.0
39.0
25.8
35.1
41.7
26.2
Maximum
86
228
27
20
56
50
140
29
65
55
77
72
228
Minimum
18
21
8
6
6
16
12
6
24
13
13
31
6
Micrograms/cubic meter
5^45
-------
Table 5-16. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
LEMMON, SOUTH DAKOTA
Month
-a-
^^
^j
r~l
IT)
B
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
98
100
100
87
98
100
100
97
42
47
71
94
86
Wind direction
98
100
98
85
100
100
98
85
42
47
71
94
85
Percent valid data.
5-46
-------
5.3 NORTH DAKOTA SAMPLING SITES AND RESULTS
SAROAD site description for those sampling sites
located in North Dakota can be found in Figure 5-12.
5.3.1 Parshall, North Dakota
Parshall is situated in Western North Dakota near the
Garrison Reservoir of the Missouri River. The make-up of
the land is gentle rolling hills and valleys, and its . ..
primary use is to grow wheat. A series of four photographs
of the area surrounding the site can be found in Photo 5-8.
The sampling platform, which was equipped with one hi-
vol and a mechanical wind instrument, was located one mile
north of the town near a transmitting facility. The sam-
plers were inspected, serviced and calibrated at the begin-
ning of each quarter, and at the end of PEDCo's involvement,
Samples were not taken in July because the field operator
took a vacation without notifying the PEDCo field office.
Pertinent results are presented in Table 5-17. Weather
station data can be found in Table 5-18.
5-47
-------
PARSHALL, NORTH DAKOTA
en
^.
oo
LOCATIONS MOUNTRAIL CO
COUNTY (0820): MOUNTRAIL CO
SITE AODRi RESERVATION MUTUAL TELE CO (PARSHALL)
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (172)t NORTH DAKOTA
SHSA (0000):
MI N OF PARSHALL NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN 9/74
SITECODEs 350820001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION; 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: STA LOG AT TRANS TOWER 2
GARRISON, NORTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 350720001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION
AQCR POPULATION 526,108
EPA-REGION 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAD 9/74
WASHBURN, NORTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 350720002
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN 9/74
HC CLUSKY, NORTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 351060001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS I LOC 2 MI N OF HC CLUSKY ALOltG SIDE ST RI 7. HOW HI-VOL MOAN
9/74. LOCATED AT SAMB SITE A8 NGPMP HI-VOL 3310(0002.
LOCATION: MC LEAN CO
COUNTY (0720): MC LEAN CO
SITE ADDRi RADIO TOWER NORTH OF TOWN (GARRISON)
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (172): NORTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000):
LOCATION: MC LEAN CO
COUNTY (0720): MC LEAN CO
SITE ADDRi HALDOR LORENTZEN PROP
3 M NW OF WASHBURN
STATION TYPE (32)i RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (172)t NORTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000) I
LOCATION: SHERIDAN CO
COUNTY (1060)1 SHERIDAN CO
SITE ADDRi 2 MILES WEST (MC CLUSKY)
STATION TYPE (32)I RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (172)i NORTH DAKQTA
SMSA (0000)1
LATITUDEt 47 0. 58 N. 53 8.
LONGITUDE: 102 D. 07 M. 56 S. «
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING! 5318000
UTM EASTING: 00714000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2000 FT
DIFF. GMT: WEST 06 HOURS
LATITUDE: 47 D. 40 M. 37 S. N
LONGITUDE! 101 D. 24 M. 41 S.
UTM ZONE: 14
UTM NORTHING: 5283000
UTM EASTING: 00319000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABVOE MSL: 1930 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 06 HOURS
LATITUDE: 47 D. 20 M. 31 S. N
LONGITUDE: 101 D. 03 M. 07 S.
UTM ZONE: 14
UTM NORTHING! 5245000
UTM EASTING! 00345000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND! 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL! 1900 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 06 HOURS
LATITUDE! 47 D. 29 M. 09 S.
LONGITUDE! 100 D. 28 M. 43 8.
UTM ZONE: 14
UTM NORTHING: 5260000
UTM EASTING! 00388600
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSLi 1940 FT.
DIFF. GMTi WEST 06 HOURS
Figure 5-12. SAROAD site description, State of North Dakota
-------
BOWMAN, HORTH DAKOTA
cn
I
>u
vo
SITECODE: 350160001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOCATED 300 YDS WEST OF BARN OR FOISKE ANGUS RANCH NGPRP HI-VOL
BEGAN 9/74
LOCATION! BOWMAN CO
COUNTY (0160)t BOWMAN CO
SITE ADDR: FOLSKE ANGUS RANCH 10 MILES N OP
BOWMAN
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (172): NORTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000)>
STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 350860001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOCATED N OF HOUSE * W OF BARN ON WARREN ROCKENBACH FARM
NGPRP HI-VOL SO
LOCATION: OLIVER CO
COUNTY (0860): OLIVER CO
SITE ADDR: WARREN ROCKENBACH FARM (STANTON)
STATION TYPE (32)i RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (172): NORTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000):
NO2 BEGAN 9/74
MOTT, NORTH DAKOTA
SITECODE: 350560001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOG ON ROOF OF COURT HOUSB MOTT ND NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN
LOCATION: HETTINGER CO
COUNTY (0560): HETTINGBR CO
SITE ADDR: HETTINGER COUNTY COURT HOUSB (MOTT)
STATION TYPE (22): SUBURBAN - RESIDENTIAL
AQCR (172): NORTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000):
9/74
MEDORA, NORTH DAKOTA
. SITECODE: 350080001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 526,108
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: LOC IN AREA CALLED BONE YARD
NGPRP HI-VOL BBQAN 9/74
LOCATION: BILLINGS CO
COUNTY (0080) I BILLINGS CO
SITE ADDR: EQUIPMENT AREA ROOSEVELT PARK
(MEDORA)
STATION TYPE (35): RURAL - UNQUALIFIED
AQCR (172): NORTH DAKOTA
SMSA (0000)i
1/2 MI 80 OF PEACEFUL VALLEY RANCH
LATITUDE! 46 D. 18 M. 52 8.
LONGITUDE! 103 D. 24 M. 56 S. N
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5130000
UTM EASTING: 00622000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2900 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 47 D. 12 M. 52 S. N
LONGITUDE: 101 D. 10 M. 45 S. W
UTM ZONE: 14
UTM NORTHING: 5231100
UTM EASTING: 00335000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 1960 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 46 D. 22 M. 31 S. N
LONGITUDE: 102 D. 19 M. 45 S. W
UTM ZONE! 13
UTM NORTHING: 5139000
UTM EASTING! 00705400
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND! 036 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2400 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 46 D. 55 M. 08 S. N
LONGITUDE! 103 D. 31 M. 45 S.
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5197000
UTM EASTING: 00612000
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2650 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
Figure 5-12 (continued). SAROAD site description, State of North Dakota
-------
I
}**-
g
North View
South View
West View
Photos 5-8. Parshall, North Dakota
-------
Table 5-17. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY PARSHALL, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«=3-
rv
ON
in
i-^
cr.
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mat-
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATEa
(high-volume)3
XJ i/i
-,- &
T3 Q.
> £
10
S3 t/l
100
100
100
100
60
100
50
80
100
80
0
60
78
Geometric
Mean
23.4
34.7
16.4
9.2
15.3
21.7
13.9
7.5
14.4
16.4
N.A.
49.8
17.3
Maximum
64
114
42
39
27
55
19
21
45
38
N.A.
87
114
E
3
C
5
14
8
12
0
7
8
10
2
3 ;
9
N.A.
29 ;
0
Micrograms/cublc meter
5-51
-------
Table 5-18. .- METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
PARSHALL, NORTH DAKOTA
Month
a*
r^
CTi
rH
"^^
IT)
r~
^
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
92
100
100
67
100
67
93
93
74
40
63
92
82
Wind direction3
92
100
100
64
100
67
93
81
74
40
63
92
81
Percent valid data.
5-52
-------
5.3.2 Garrison, North Dakota
Garrison is located in the midst of the flat farming
land in Central North Dakota one mile north of the Garrison
Reservoir of the Missouri River. This area is economi-
cally dependent on agriculture and its supporting service
industries. The vast majority of land area suited for the
purpose is used to produce wheat and other commercial small
grains. Photo 5-9 shows surrounding topographical condi-
tions. Blowing snow and dirt caused unusally high parti-
culate loadings as seen in Data Anomaly Reports 5-3 and 5-4.
The sampling tower was erected one mile north of
Garrison on a small plot of land surrounded by open fields.
Equipment at Garrison consisted of a high volume particulate
sampler and membrane sampler. Trace element analysis of the
membrane filters was conducted by a separate EPA contractor.
These results will be summarized in a forthcoming EPA report.
These monitors were serviced and calibrated during the
initial installation and again at the start of each sampling
quarter. The data collected by these samplers is summarized
in Table 5-19.
5-53
-------
-,
>
-
Ul
tk
North View
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-9. Garrison, North Dakota
-------
DATA ANOMALY REPORT
Suspended Particulate
(Ili-Vol)
.Location Go.iir\
Observed value 3178 .MA j *& _ Corrected value_
1. Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
jfittrftVflfl \^Tf\£jQjdl ;not reasonable sample is void _
(Signature) (Signature)
2. The second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
* %
checked and found to be correct t*1*-0 \
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted)
(Signature)
3. The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct ASLarr^ftfl. ^Xv^stjfh1^ »' incorrect sample is
(Signature)
void _ _ _ . .
(Signature)
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void _ .
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND: _ calm,_ _ light, y/ gusty. VISIBILITY; J clear,
Hazy.
SKY : y clear, _ scattered , _ overcast . HUMIDITY : _ dry ,
moderate, _ ._humid,_^ _ rain. TEMPERATURE °F; y/ <20, _
20-40, _ ^1-60, _ 61-80, _ >80
D. The sampler was last calibrated on l^^i*! 4- _ by
^
(Si>gnature)
REMARKS:
4. Additional information:
5. A. The sample is valid and appeared to be the result of a general
buildup in air pollutants ^SlafyVM J3jMi\A .
(Signature)
B. The sample; is valid but is a result of the following reasons:
OU>mc\
'Signature)
Data Anomaly Report 5-3
5-55
-------
DATA ANOMALY RKPOjVT
Suspended Parbiculate
(Hi-Vol)
Location g^vrifsn Date
Observed value 13T*I omA.m? Corrected value
1, Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
;not reasonable sample is void
(Signature) (Signature)
2. The second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
checked and found to be correct
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted) .
(Signature)
3. The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct ^SLamJuyft ^.irrvO&>K% ; incorrectsample is
(Signature)
void . . - ,
(Signature) «
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable ^9L&ftvxfrA. V^yvypp*^
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void_ '..
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND; calm, ^/ light, gusty. VISIBILITY; S clear,
Hazy.
SKY: clear, */ scattered, overcast. HUMIDITY: dry,
moderate, humid, rain. TEMPERATURE °F; ./ <20,
20-40, 41-60, 61-80, >80
D. The sampler was last calibrated on 1<3U<^*1^ _ '_ by
(Signature)
REMARKS :
4. Additional information:
5. A. The sample is valid and appeared to be the result of a general
buildup in air pollutants^
(Signature)
B. The sample is valid but is a result of the following reasons:
(Signature)
Data Anomaly Report 5-4
5-56
-------
Table 5-19.
PROJECT DATA SUMMARY GARRISON, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
'sj-
r<«
CTt
m
i»^
&\
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
(high-volume)3
"O t/1
I- e
m
S« in
60
100
100
100
80
100
83
100
80
100
100
100
92
Geometric
Mean
32.3
44.7
17.5
10.7
40.7
68.7
20.1
.9.0
26.6
19.5
47.8
35.1
25.6
Maximum
96
112
52
21
95
278
43
24
76
34
85
75
278
Minimum
16
11
10
7
13
14
9
2
12
9
31
19
2
(membrane)
o to
..- (U
m o.
> e
fO
S« VI
100
100
100
100
80
100
83
100
80
TOO
100
100
95
Micrograms/cubic meter
5-57
-------
5.3.3 Washburn, North Dakota
Washburn is situated in Central North Dakota on the
east bank of the Missouri River. As with most municipal-
ities of North Dakota, the economy of Washburn is dependent
on agriculture and all suitable land areas are used in this
pursuit. However, Washburn is near large coal beds and the
future will see several electrical generating and coal gas-
sification plants spring up in this area. Two generating
plants twenty miles west of town have been completed, one
closer to town is beginning construction, and others are in
the planning stages.
The actual sampling site was approximately seven miles
west of Washburn in the Missouri River Valley. The land
consists of gentle, rolling hills and valleys* The
surrounding area is used by the landowner to grow grain and
raise cattle. A county road of gravel, seventy-five yards
from the tower, carries light truck and automobile traffic.
Four views of the immediate area are shown in Photo 5-10.
The site was equipped with a hi-vol and a gas bubbler.
These samplers were operated by the landowner, and main-
tained and calibrated every three months by the PEDCo field
office in Bismarck. A summary of data acquired is furnished
in Table 5-20.
5-58
-------
01
01
North View
East View
South View
West View
Photos 5-10. Washburn, North Dakota
-------
Ul
o
Table 5-20. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY WASHBURN, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«T
f^
cn
in
r^
Ci
Sep
Oct
Mov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
M.ay
Jun
J=jl
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
a
(high-volume)
a «/>
- E
ro
a« t/>
100
100
100
100
80
100
83
100
.JLOJL
100
JQQ.
100
97
Geometric
Mean
33.1
46.1
17.1
12.3
19.8
37.6
22.6
10.6
26.0
25.2
53.1
43.9
25.7
Maximum
82
128
67
25
29
69
42
34
83
35
101
85
128
Minimum
17
10
8
8
10
18
11
2
2
9
33^
19
2
S02
Gas bubbler3
O «/i
r- QJ.
03 CL
> e
C
r-
<^
6.8
3.6
29.4
25.5
20.8
11.0
21.5
3.6
5.2
15.0
6.4
8.0
13.4
Maximum
23
18
49
46
38
24
39
18
26
50
18
16
50
Minimum
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N02
Gas bubbler3
o
r- QJ
ro CL
> E
ro
^9. tn
TOO
100
100
100
80
100
67
100
100
100
100
100
95
-M C
i-^ fO
i.- a>
-------
5.3.4 McClusky, North Dakota
McClusky is at the geographical center of North Dakota
surrounded by the rich, open farm lands of the area. Being
no exception, the residents thrive on the agriculture of
this State.
The samplers are three miles west of McClusky on the
McClusky Canal, a segment of the controversial Corps of
Engineers' Garrison Diverson Project. The sampling tower,
equipped with two high-volume particulate samplers and a
mechanical wind instrument, was placed on a grass covered,
completed section on the canal. However, construction on
the unfinished canal proceeded nearby throughout the year,
with the exception of the severest winter months. Photo-
graphs of the immediate area are shown in Photo 5-11.
Access to site was by means of a gravel road which also
carried much of the construction traffic. Maintenance and
calibration of the samplers was accomplished by PEDCo
according to a quarterly maintenance plan. Data Anomaly
Reports 5-5 and 5-6 pertain to the McClusky site.
Several samples taken in June and July were invalid be-
cause a family of sparrows found the hi-vol shelters con-
venient for nesting. Sampling results are summarized in
Table 5-21. Weather station collection efficiency is presented
in Table 5-22. The purpose of the duplicate hi-vol arrange-
5-61
-------
.>.-«--
North View
South View
to
East View
West View
Photos 5-11. McClusky, North Dakota
-------
DATA ANOMALY REPORT
Suspended P.irticulate
(ili-Vol)
Location fT\cC\vA&Vy H. Q. ( S^C./'O Date
Observed value \ufi jj^Jiwi* Corrected value \Ut?
1. Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
;not reasonablesample is void
(Signature) (Signature)
2. The second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
checked and found to be correct
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted)
(Signature)
3. The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct i3mrv\L»JL \Xj>ro&BJ ? incorrect sample is
(Signature)
void _ ,^ _ _ .
. (Signature)
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void _ .
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND: _ calm, 80.
D. The sampler was last calibrated on gla.u|*| V _ __ by
(Signature)
REMARKS :
4. Additional information:
5. A. The sample is valid and appeared to be the result of a general
buildup in air' pollutants
(Signature)
B. The sample is valid but is a result of the following reasons:
(Signature)
Data Anomaly Report 5-5
5-63
-------
DATA ANOMALY UK PORT
Suspended Particulate
Tni-voi)
Location mcC.Ws.Vy N. ft. C&tte*?^ _ Date
Observed value \S*^ Au* ) Yr»i* Corrected value \ST JQUCV I urn*
1. Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
j9lar«w>A VXfcfyste&J^ ;not reasonablesample is void .
(Signature) (Signature)
2. The second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
checked and found to be correct JS^ar
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted)
(Signature)
3. The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct i&jnvAa VXjfwxo*- /' incorrect sample is
(Signature)
void _ _ .
(Signature)
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void _ _ .
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND: _ calm, V light, _ gusty. VISIBILITY; ^/ clear, _
Hazy.
SKY : *s clear , _ ^scattered , _ _overcast . HUMIDITY : __ dry , S
moderate, _ _ humid, _ rain. TEMPERATURE °F: _ <20, _
20-40, ^/ 41-60. _ __61-80, _ >80
D. The sampler was last calibrated on s^u*!^ _ - by
ft . E . O'C.o
-------
Table 5-21. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY McCLUSKY, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«a-
r^
m
r-.
cr>
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
. (high-volume)
"O s
(O
*'* t/i
80
100
100
83
80
100
83
80
80
60
0
100
79
Geometric
Mean
35.7
65.3
11.3
10.4
25.9
31.3
12.4
5.7
38.6
30.5
N.A.
40.7
22.2
E
3
X
na
75
168
26
37
47
123
19
12
73
42
N.A.
77
168
Minimum
23
31
7
4
11
10
7
3
21
24
N.A.
18
3
(high volume) Site 002
T3 on
r- O)
ro Q.
> E
IO
S3 01
100
100
100
83
80
100
83
100
80
20
0
100
79
Geometric
mean
23.4
63.6
20.3
14.9
26.3
34.2
11.8
9.1
40.2
5.1
N.A.
45.5
25.4
E
3
^~
X
rtj-
s:
68
157
39
22
54
139
20
24
78
51
N.A.
84
157
Minimum
21
34
7
11
11
10
7
5
20
51
N.A.
18
5
Micrograms/cubic meter
5-65
-------
Table 5-22. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
McCLUSKY, NORTH DAKOTA
Month
<
en
i i
^ "* " '
in
5
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
0
0
55
38
77 '
0
15
91
21
46
0
29
Wind direction3
0
0
55
40
77
0
15
89
21
50
0
29
Percent valid data.
5-66
-------
ment was for quality assurance. Any apparent differences
in results are attributable to the gusting winds which are
quite common to the area. This could result in some indis-
criminate lodging of particles on the filters.
5-67
-------
5.3.5 Bowman, North Dakota
Located in Southwestern North Dakota, the site was
installed at Folske Angus Ranch ten miles north of Bowman in
Slope County. The topography is basically level, inter-
spersed with an occasional line of buttes. The entire area
is used intensively to produce wheat, flax, hay, and to
graze livestock. A pictorial display of the immediate area
can be found in Photo 5-12.
PEDCo performed maintenance and calibration activities
during the installation of the lone hi-vol. Maintenance and
calibration was later done on a quarterly basis. Data gath-
ered at Bowman is tabulated in Table 5-23.
5-68
-------
* *
m
^IH
North View
South View
East View
/
, f
.
-------
Table 5-23. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY BOWMAN, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
2
LT)
Sep .
Oct
Nbv
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr,
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTI CULATEa
(high-volume)
rO *"*
(O
100
100
TOO
TOO
TOO
100
100
80
60
60
80
60
87
Geometric
Mean
24.0
44.4
6.3
13.4
12.8
14.2
16.5
12.3
26.0
32.9
32.4
68.0
20.2
c
X
(0
48
94
23
43
34
18
61
52
32
37
54
95
95
Minimum
16
16
5
6
3
9
0
7
23
30
15
56
56
^icrograms/cubic meter
5-70
-------
5.3.6 Stanton, North Dakota
Sampling activities at the Stanton site were conducted
on the Warren Rockenbach farm, thirteen miles southeast of
Stanton. The Rockenbach farm is adjacent to the Missouri
River, which flows about one mile from the sampling tower.
Access to site is by means of gravel roads.
Stanton is situated in North Central North Dakota, an
area where there are several large beds of coal with limited
overburden. Consequently, this region is slated for inten-
sive coal development in the immediate future. Currently,
there are two recently constructed electrical generating
plants near the Glen Harold strip mine, twelve miles west of
the sampling platform. A similar facility has been built
ten miles south of the monitoring site and a second plant is
now under construction adjacent to this existing structure.
A proposed coal gasification complex is scheduled to begin
operation in the early 1980's and more electrical generating
plants are intended for the Stanton area. Thus, the economy
of Stanton and surrounding towns is beginning to change from
agricultural to rapid, intensive, industrial development.
The monitors at Stanton consisted of a Philips S0_
monitor, a Bendix NO, N02 monitor, a 24-hour gas bubbler, a
high-volume particulate sampler, an Anderson cascade impactor,
and an MRI mechanical wind instrument. The two continuous
5-71
-------
monitors and the gas bubbler were housed in a trailer, while
the particulate samplers and wind instrument were installed
on a scaffolding platform near the trailer. The continuous
instruments were zeroed and spanned daily. PEDCo performed
recommended monthly maintenance and a complete calibration
at the beginning of each month. A quarterly maintenance
program as recommended by the manufacturer was also executed.
This consisted of changing reagent, changing filters and
scrubber columns, cleaning critical orifices, thoroughly
inspecting the monitors for proper operation, and performing
any other maintenance felt to be necessary. Approximately
seven days of continuous SO,, data was lost in November when
high winds and heavy rain forced water into the sampling
manifold, contaminating the Philips instrument.
A pictorial representation of surrounding conditions
can be seen in Photo 5-13. Data Anomaly Reports 5-7 and 5-8
are contained for the Stanton site. Data summaries are
provided in Table 5-24, 5-25, and 5-26. The SO2 and N02 24-
hour integrated bubbler data and the continuous S02 and NO-
data at first glance appear to exhibit poor correlation.
However when the yg/m units are converted to ppm units, it
is apparent that the differences are quite small. These
differences are a result of poor accuracy and precision in
the manual method when employed at concentrations near its
5-72
-------
Ul
i
-j
OJ
mm
North View
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-13. Stanton, North Dakota
-------
DATA ANOMALY REPORT
Suspended -Pnrticulate
(lli-Vol)
.Location Sfrc^-to* tt.b. _ _ _ Date \ola)nv
Observed value \$S oAArrri* Corrected value
1. Physical appearance of sample indicates that the value is reasonable
;not reasonable--sample is void
(Signature) (Signature)
2. The second filter weight was checked and the calculations were
checked and found to be correct 15mrrr\/tXA>A _ .
(Signature)
Incorrect (change was made and new data submitted) _ _
(Signature)
3. The field record form was evaluated:
A. The sampling is correct &JBT«VIL»UL Y>>r»>xXv>JE ; incorrectsample is
(Signature)
void .
(Signature)
B. The sampler air volume is correct and reasonable
(Signature)
not reasonable - sample is void '
(Signature)
C. Observations reported by operator:
WIND: calm, light, ^ gusty. VISIBILITY; ^/ clear,
Hazy.
SKY: clear, S scattered,_, overcast. HUMIDITY: dry,
moderate, humid, rain. TEMPERATURE °F:_ <20,
20-40, 41-60, ^/ 61-80, >80
D. The sampler was last calibrated on g\<3l\g)r1
-------
Suspended Particulate
(lli-Vol)
.Location ^^0kV>>^'Qtx ^ k» Date \p| a.O| *1*
Observed value \S9 »jj>jx..\ ms* Corrected value \80
D. The sampler was last calibrated on ga.U'lA- _ by
C.
(Signature)
REMARKS:
4. Additional information:
5. A. The sample is valid and appeared to be the result of a general
buildup in air pollutants
_ _ _
(Signature)
B. The sample is valid but is a result of the following reasons:
(Signature)
Data Anomaly Report 5-8
5-75
-------
Table 5-24. PROJECT-DATA SUMMARY STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
^~
r^
a\
irt
r^
cr>
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
(high-volume)3
T3 in
Ol
03 Q.
> =
r- O)
03 Q.
> E
nj
as to
0
0
0
100
100
100
67
100
100
100
100
100
96".
S02
Gas bubbler3
TO
.,- 0}
ro Q-
> E
10
&$. (/>
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
-100
-C
4J C.
i- to
i.
r- 0)
ro Q.
> =
C
t- re
i. OJ
-------
en
I
Table 5-25. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY
CONTINUOUS MONITORS
STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA
Date
§
in
cr>
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
so2a
-Q tO
r- c;
I r
ro CL
> E
ro
&S to
87
81
60
86
88
-86
78
83
85
87
89
88
83
+3.c
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
,00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Maximum
.02
.02
.02
.03
.05
.05
.00
.01
.01
.03
.02
.01
.05
Mininum
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
N0a
re CL
> E
89
89
-92
90
90
89
89
88
91
90
92
91
90
Sc
r rO
i. O)
T3 10
|~* QJ
f$ Q
> E
ro
frS ts>
87
88
91
89
90
89
89
88
91
91
92
91
90
4-> C
r fQ
-------
Table 5-26. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA
Month
TJ.
£
tn
r-
a\
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed
39
90
84
93
100
100
100
93
85
97
98
96
90
Wind direction3
39
90
84
95
100
100
100
93
85
97
98
96
90
Percent valid data.
5-78
-------
detection limit. Cascade data is seasonal and annual averages
is presented in Figures 5-13 through 5-16. Cascade samples
for the months of September through November, 1974, are
invalid and not included in these averages. Consequently
the "annual" average represents 9 months of data collection.
Monthly averages of particle size distribution can be found
in Volume II of this report. Table 5-27 numerically summarizes
cascade sampling efforts at Stanton.
5-79
-------
SITE r
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Mr.y+h naVr^a SAMPLING PFRTnn Winter 1974-1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
c
o
u
u
e 1.0
- n 9
o: Ut y
£ 0.8
UJ n -7
s: 0. 7
5 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
y
/
/
1
/
1
1
f
\
\
I
1
\
'
\
(
/
1
1 II
f
/
/
\
1 1 1
1 II 1
/
II 1 1
'
1 5
Figure 5-13.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
90
98 99
Cascade size distribution, Stanton, North Dakota.
5-80
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITE Stan ton, North Dakota SAMPLING PpRTfln Spring 1975
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
microns
o
0.9
t! 0-8
r-
£ 0.7
5 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
/
/
/
/
1 1 1 1
/
''"
III!
(Ill
/
II II
1
/
/
/
1
1
/
t
1
/
1
1
K
i
i
/
T7lt
'
/
1 1 n
1 1 1 1
g (
/
/
1 1 1 1
/
"
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
80
90
98 99
Figure 5-14. Cascade size distribution, Stanton, North Dakota,
5-81
-------
SITE
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Stanton, North Dakota SAMPLING PFRinn Summer,
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
o
- 0.9
£ 0.8
£ 0.7
3 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
'
'
1 1 1 1
A
i
nil
/
mi
i
, ' /
/
/
/
i
i
/
/
I
I
/
I
/
I
/.
i
«
/
/
'
i
TTTT
r
II II
INI
il 1 1
-
:
:
~
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
98 99
Figure 5-15. Cascade size distribution, Stanton, North Dakota.
5-82
-------
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS RESOURCE PROGRAM
CASCADE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SITE Stanton, North Dakota SAMPLING PFRinn Dec. 1974 - Aug
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CUMULATIVE PERCENT MASS
80
90
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
microns
O
- 0.9
y 0.8
h
£ 0.7
o 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1 1 1 1
/
1 1 1 1
in
/
1
Illl
1
/
/
/
1
1
j
I
/
/
\
\
J
\
\
1
\
\
(
>
1
J
f
I
1
111
4
/
1 1 1 1
i
98 99
Figure 5-16. Cascade size distribution, Stanton, North Dakota.
5-83
-------
Table 5-27. CACADE DATA SUMMARY, STANTON, NORTH DAKOTA
Winter
Spring
Summer
Annual3
Mass median diameter
(50th percentile)
(microns)
.90
1.60
2.00
1.50
Standard
geometric^
deviation
7.6
3.3
5.0
5.2
c
Average
TSP
(yg/m3)
32
9
8
12
Percent
less than
1- micron
52
33
33
41
Percent"
less than
2 microns
65
56
50
57
Number of
samples
15
14
15
44
01
00
"Annual" = 9 months.
Standard geometric deviation =
"
'Arithmetic
84.13% size
50% size
Percent of sample mass with particle diameters less than 1 micron (2 microns).
-------
5.3.7 Mott, North Dakota
Mott is located in Southwestern North Dakota near the
South Dakota State line. The area is agriculturally oriented
with emphasis oh small grains, especially spring wheat.
Photo 5-14 shows the unbroken lay of the land. The samplers
were placed on the roof of the Hettinger County Courthouse
in Mott, which has a population of 2500. The sampling
equipment initially consisted of a hi-vol and a MRI mechani-
cal wind instrument. In March of 1975, a gas bubbler was
also installed by PEDCo. This equipment was calibrated and
serviced at the beginning of the project and at the outset
of each quarter thereafter. In January of 1975, the wind
instrument was blown over during a severe blizzard and was
out of service for approximately ten weeks. Results of
sampling activities have been summarized in Table 5-28
and 5-29.
5-85
-------
OO
East View
West View
Photos 5-14 . Mott, North Dakota
-------
l/l
I
00
Table 5-28. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY MOTT, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«3"
r^
C-i
in
t^-
o
SeQ
Oct
f!ov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
J'jn
Ju'l
Au^
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
a
(high-rvolume)
T3 l/l
r- O)
fO Q-
> e
rO
»S
-,- ai
03 Q-
> E
(0
&« (/)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
67
100
100
100
100
100
94
_c:
4-> C
r- fl .
J- OJ
=t s:
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
28.5
4.0
3.0
8.2
9.2
7.4
9.4
Maximum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
- N/A
N/A
41
10
15
16
35
22
41
Minimum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
N02
Gas bubbler3
"O E
ra
&9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
67
100
80
100
100
100
90
+> c
r- rt3
££
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.8
7.0
4.3
4.6
7.6
5.8
6.0
Maximum
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
12
16
10
11
12
18
18
' E
^
=
c
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Micrograms/cubic meter
-------
Table 5-29.
METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
MOTT, NORTH DAKOTA
Month
^
a\
*
m
r-
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
0
94
54
82
34
0'
,
0
65
0
38
100
39
Wind direction3
0
94
54
84
34
0'
.
0
0
o
40
100
34
Percent valid data.
5-88
-------
5.3.8 Medora, North Dafrota
The sampling tower was installed in Theodore Roosevelt
National Park five miles north of Medora in Western North
Dakota. The land is extremely rugged and appears to be
useless for any industry other than tourism. The samplers
were located forty yards from a sand and gravel stockpile
and were accessible by means of a gravel road which was
blocked to tourist traffic. Photo 5-15 displays the land
surrounding the sampling platform.
A high-volume particulate sampler and an MRI wind
instrument were installed at the beginning of the project.
Both were maintained and calibrated according to a quarterly
maintenance program. Tables 5-30 and 5-31 present sampling
results.
5-89
-------
.
I
VO
o
North View
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-15. Medora, North Dakota
-------
Table 5-30. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY MEDORA, NORTH DAKOTA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«3-
r*v
ON
in
r~-
O-i
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATEa
(high-volume)3
o
f- Q4
ro CL
> E
nj
5^ to
80
100
80
100
100
100
83
80
100
100
100
80
92
Geometric
Mean
23.8
26.3
9.3
3.5
7.8
6.5
11.6
7.9
28.5
18.3
32.7
24.5
13.4
Maximum
45
88
23
10
25
30
37
11
50
38
72
39
88
Minimum
13
12
5
1
2
1
5
5
19
7
19
18
1
^Micrograms/cubic meter
5-91
-------
Table 5-31. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
MEDORA, NORTH DAKOTA
Month
<*
Ol
m
S
a\
H
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
0
0
59
85
100
64
90
92
90
100
95
100
73
Wind direction3
0
0
53
88
100
64
90
90
90
100
95
100
73
Percent valid data.
5-92
-------
5.4 MONTANA SAMPLING SITES AND RESULTS
SAROAD site descriptive data for the Montana sampling
sites is provided in Figure 5-17.
5.4.1 Lame Deer, Montana
Lame Deer is located on the Northern Cheyenne Reser-
vation in South Central Montana near the controversial
Colstrip coal development project. The reservation is
made up of rolling hills and valleys and is heavily forested
(see Photo 5-16). The land appears to be idle, however
cattle grazing occurs on a low-volume basis. The sampling
tower was installed in a remote area accessible only by
unimproved dirt logging roads. Heavy snow storms rendered
the site inaccessible during January, February, and April.
A gas bubbler was added in March of 1975 to the existing
hi-vol and wind instrument. Maintenance and calibration,
was conducted at the beginning of the project and every
three months thereafter. Pertinent results of sampling
- X
activities are presented in Tables 5-32 and 5-33.
5-93
-------
LAME DEER, MONTANA
(Jl
vo
SITECODE: 27136003
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION*
AQCR POPULATION: 93,221
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION VIII
COMMENTS: NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN 9/74
BROAOUS, MONTANA
SITECODE: 271240009
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION!
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA
COMMENTS: ON BLUFF ON W SIDE OF RIV
LOCATION: ROSEBUD CO
COUNTY (1360): ROSEBUD CO
SITE ADDR: FISHER BUTTE NEAR LAME DEER
STATION TYPE (41)I REMOTE
AQCR (143): MILES CITY
8MSA (0000):
LOCATION: POWDER RIVER CO
COUNTY (1240): POWER RIVER CO
SITE ADDR: BROADUS
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
SMSA (0000):
SMSA (0000):
BTM ISO1 ABV VLY FLOOR ON PLTFM 8.5 ABV
GRND NGPRP HI-VOL MET. ACTIVE AS OF 3-1-74
EKALAKA, MONTANA
SITECODE: 270200001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 93,221
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA
COMMENTS: ON 8.5 FT PLATFORM 35 FT B OF
ACTIVE AS OF 3-1-74
GLENDIVE, MONTANA
LOCATION: CARTER CO
COUNTY (0200): CARTER CO
SITE ADDR: CARTER SITE NEAR EKALAKA
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (143): MILES CITY
SMSA (0000):
SMSA (0000):
WATER WELL NGPRP HI-VOL BEGAN 3-74
SITECODE: 270360001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 93,221
BPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION 8
Dunaninm ABB on 8.5 FT
HX-VOt, IIMIiJUII «?. ACTIVE M O» >-l-74
LOCATION: DAWSON CO
COUNTY (0360)> DAWSON CO
SITE ADDR: BURMAN RANCH (GLENDIVE)
STATION TYPE (42)I RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (143)1 MILES CITY
SMSA (0000)1
D Wt
LAUD NOPRP
LATITUDE: 45 0. 33 M. 11. S.
LONGITUDE: 106 D. 30 N. 52 S. V
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5045300
UTM EASTING: 00381800
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 010 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 4396 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 45 D. 22 M. 46 S. N
LONGITUDE: 105 D. 29 M. 11 S. «
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5015585
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 009 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 3120 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 45 D. 49 M. 53 S. N
LONGITUDE: 104 D. 29 M. 40 S. W
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5065545
UTM EASTING: 00539266
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 009 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 3690 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 47 D. 06 M. 06 S. N
LONGITUDE: 104 D. 26 M. 19 S. M
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5205968
UTM EASTING: 00542600
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 009 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2740 FT.
BIFF. GMTI WEST 07 BOOBS
Figure 5-17. SAROAD site description, State of Montana
-------
LINDSAY, MONTANA
I
^O
(Jl
SITECODE: 270360002 LOCATION: DAWSON CO
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03 -COUNTY (0360): DAHSON CO
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION SITE ADDR: MAGELSKY (LINDSAY)
CITY POPULATION: STATION TYPE (22): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR POPULATION: 93,221 AQCR (143)I MILES CITY
EPA-REGION: 8 SMSA (0000):
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA REGION 8
COMMENTS: 12 FT E OF POWER POEfe ON RIDGE ON 8.5 FT PLATFORM SURROUNDED BY
GRASSY RANGELAND NGPRP. ACTIVE AS OF 3-1-74. LOCATED AT SAME
SITE AS NGPRP HI-VOL 270360003.
POPLAR, MONTANA
SITECODE: 271340001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 93,221
EPA-REGION: 8
SUPPORTING AGENCY: EPA
COMMENTS: ON 8.5 FT PLTFM THE IMMED SURRNDING 40 FT IS BARREN SOD RANGE
GRSLND FXTNDR BEYOND THAT, NGPRP HI-VOL MET. ACTIVE AS OF 3-1-74
LOCATION: ROOSEVELT CO
COUNTY (1340): ROOSEVELT CO
SITE ADDR: WITTE WELL
STATION TYPE (32): RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AWCR (143): MILES CITY
SMSA (0000):
FT. PECK, MONTANA
SITECODE: 270980001
AGENCY/PROJECT: P03
AGENCY TYPE: EPA REGION
CITY POPULATION:
AQCR POPULATION: 93,221
EPA-REGION: 8
80PPORTXRG AGBMCYi BPA
J: OH PLTFRM 8.5 ABV OR OH HILL SB CO* 15 FT W OF B OF R BHLTR BURR
n mauD mam KI-VOL NMBIQB NBT BBQAM ). ACTIVE AS or 1-1-74
LOCATION: MC CONE CO
COUNTY (0980): MC CONE CO
SITE ADDR: TV HILL (FORT PECK)
STATION TYPE (32) : RURAL - AGRICULTURAL
AQCR (143): MILES CITY
SMSA (0000):
LATITUDE: 47 D. 23 M. 34 S. N
LONGITUDE: 105 D. 11 M. 35 S. M
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5238008
UTM EASTING: 00485430
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 009 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 3090 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 48 D. 07 M. 52 S. N
LONGITUDE: 105 D. 16 M. 42 S. W
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5319630
UTM EASTING: 00479289
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 009 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 1990 FT.
DIFF. GMT: WEST 07 HOURS
LATITUDE: 48 D. 01 M. 50 S. S
LONGITUDE: 106 D. 18 M. 58 8. H
UTM ZONE: 13
UTM NORTHING: 5309317
UTM EASTING: 00401879
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 009 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE MSL: 2620 FT.
Figure 5-17 (continued). SAROAD site description, State of Montana
-------
0
CTN
North View
East View
South View
West View
Photos 5-16. Lame Deer, Montana
-------
Ul
I
Table 5-32. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY LAME DEER, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«T
r^-
CV
^
IO
r»
CT>
Sep
Qct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
:ar
.1 n_-
^pr
f.l j y
Jun
JuT
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTI CULATE
a
(high-volume)
T3 E
E
e
to
&$ to
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
33
N/A
80
100
100
100
68
+J C
i-
-------
Table 5-33. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
LAME DEER, MONTANA
Month
rr
r-
m
H
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
47
68
27
80
24
2
81
0
15
82
94
72
49
Wind direction3
47
68
27
78
24
2
79
0
15
82
94
72
49
Percent valid data.
5-98
-------
5.4.2 Broadus, Montana
Sampling efforts at Broadus were conducted on the
Douglas Randall Ranch, ten miles southeast of Broadus in
Southeastern Montana. The soil is not suitable for grain
farming on a large scale/ but it is used to graze cattle and
sheep. No large scale industrial activity occurs in the
area. The topography near the sampling site is of rolling
hills and valleys, covered by sparse vegetation (refer to
Photo 5-17).
The sampling tower, accessible by a gravel road, was
equipped with a hi-Vol and an MRI mechanical wind instru-
ment. The samplers were installed by the EPA during the
early months of 1974. PEDCo Environmental performed a
complete inspection, maintenance, and calibration program
prior to the start of the autumn quarter of sampling in
1974. This program was repeated at three month intervals
thereafter. Data summaries are provided in Table 5-34
and 5-35.
5-99
-------
yi
I
i-1
o
o
North View
South View
West View
East View
Photos 5-17. Broadus, Montana
-------
Table 5-34. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY BROADUS, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
Date
rr
f^
a*
in
r-»
en
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTI CULATEa
(high-volume)3
"O i/l
.- 0;
tO Q.
> £
m
<& in
60
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
Geometric
Mean
18.1
21.9
6.7
5.1
7.3
7.7
8.5
8.4
13.4
13.8
40.8
30.0
11.9
Maximum
38
53
13
12
25
11
26
13
22
27
66
41
66
Minimum
12
12
3
2
4
5
4
5
8
8
28
19
2
Micrograms/cubic meter
5-101
-------
Table 5-35. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
BROADUS, MONTANA
Month
r-
Ol
H
in
r-
H
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
100
58
89
60
5
27
80
98
24
86
89
51
64
Wind direction3
100
58
89
59
5
27
80
96
24
87-
89
51
64
Percent valid data.
5-102
-------
5.4.3 Ekalaka, Montana
The sampling platform at Ekalaka was located on the
Carter Ranch, five miles south of town in Southeastern
Montana. Cattle grazing is the primary function of the
flat, arid land. A four-view photographic display is pre-
sented in Photo 5-18. Samples were not taken during the
first and last months of the project due to an uncooperative
attitude on the part of the field operator.
The site consisted of one high volume particulate
sampler, which was serviced and calibrated at the start of
the sampling program and again every quarter thereafter.
Table 5-36 presents a concise data summary.
5-103
-------
I
I_J
;
.
North View
South View
j r
East View
Photos 5-18. Ekalaka, Montana
West View
-------
Table 5-36. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY EKALAKA, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
Date
rj-
r-v
O^
ir>
r-
9^
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
.Feb
Mar-
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTI CULATEa
(high-volume)3
T3 1/1
r- OP
(Q Q.
> E
rtJ
a^ to
0
80
100
100
60
100
100
60
100
80
100
0
74
Geometric
Mean
N.A.
26.6
5.7
4.7
3.1
6.6
6.7
5.8
12.3
14.3
23.5
N.A.
8.8
Maximum
N.A.
37
20
10
6
10
9
8
16
34
32
N.A.
37
Minimum
N.A.
20
2
3
1
4
4
3
9
8
16
N.A.
1
Micrograms/cubic meter
5-105
-------
5.4.4 Glendive, Montana
Located in Eastern Montana, the gentle rolling hills of
this area are used equally for the production of small
grains and for grazing cattle. The sampling tower was con-
structed by the EPA ten miles northeast of Glendive on the
Burman Ranch. The site was accessible by means of gravel
roads. A visual study of the area is provided in Photo 5-
19.
Sampling equipment at Glendive was composed of a
membrane sampler, a hi-vol, and a wind instrument. This
equipment was inspected, serviced, and calibrated by PEDCo
at the beginning of the project and at the beginning of each
quarter. Unfortunately, no samples were taken in August due
to the fact that the field operator terminated his services
without notifying the PEDCo Field Office. Data collected
for the remainder of the program is presented in
Table 5-37 and 5-38. The membrane filters were sent to a
separate EPA contractor for trace element analysis. These
results will be published in a forthcoming EPA report.
5-106
-------
North View
i
South View
East View
Photos 5-19. Glandive, Montana
West View
-------
Table 5-37. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY GLENDIVE, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
*
Date
^~
r-v
CM
ir>
r-^
CTt
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
(high-volume)3
~O i/l
r- 0)
r r -
(O Q.
> E
<0
&« E
-------
Table,5-38. METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
GLENDIVE, MONTANA
Month
"31
£
in
rH
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
0
0
0
0
24
51
0
0
.37
0
0
o
9
Wind direction3
0
0
0
0
24
51
0
0
37
o
0
0
9
Percent valid data.
5-109
-------
5.4.5 Lindsay, Montana
Lindsay is situated in Eastern Montana, twenty five
miles northwest of Glendive. Land use is agricultural,
divided equally between cattle ranching and grain production.
Topography of the area is rolling hills and valleys most of
which are not severe enough to affect farming activities
(refer to Photo 5-20).
The sampling platform was placed in an open field ten
miles north of Lindsay, and was equipped with two hi-vol
samplers. The duplicate hi-vol arrangement was for the
purpose of quality control. Any discrepencies in results
are attributable to gusting winds causing an indiscriminate
distribution of particles on the filter media. The field
operator noted routine sample performance, and PEDCo performed
scheduled maintenance and calibration activities on a
quarterly basis. At the close of this section, Table 5-39
summarizes pertinent data.
5-110
-------
01
I
North View
South View
East View
West View
Photos 5-20. Lindsay, Montana
-------
Table 5-39. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY LINDSAY, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
Date
«
r^
CT>
IT)
f^
cr\
r~
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE '
(high-volume)3
T3
-,- (U
E
<0
a1.*
i- OJ
IB Q.
> E
. nj
S3 (/I
80
100
100
100
80
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
95
Geometric
mean
21.7
23.0
10.9
8.2
6.3
11.0
10.2
11.0
17.7
17.7
24.5
26.3
14.4
Maximum
74
50
31
13
16
29
23
15
23
27
92
33
92
Minimum
8
11
7
6
1
4
5
9
13
11
10
19
1
Micrograms/cubic meter
5-112
-------
5.4.6 Poplar, Montana
Sampling efforts were carried out five miles west of
Poplar on the Ft. Peck Indian Reservation in Northeast
Montana. The land is generally flat, occasionally inter-
rupted with low lying ridges. The area is rural and is
therefore agriculturally oriented. The hi-vol sampler was
placed on a tower in an open field next to a well used to
water livestock. A pictorial display of the surrounding
area is offered in Photo 5-21.
The high volume sampler was used in conjunction with an
MRI mechanical wind instrument. The sampling equipment was
serviced and calibrated at the beginning of each sampling
quarter. Tables 5-40 and 5-41 are provided to summarize
data collected at Poplar.
5-113
-------
.
I
.
V - .«' -
I
North View
South View
.
. -
' ' .
East View
.-
Photos 5-21. Poplar, Montana
West View
-------
Table 5-40. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY POPLAR, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
Date
TT
(V.
cr>
in
r^
cr>
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Annual
SUSPENDED PARTICULATEa
(high-volume)3
T3 l/>
r- Q;
* »
ra a.
> s
1C
&« in
TOO
100
100
83
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
80
95
Geometric
Mean
24.6
28.4
13.2
8.1
15.6
28.9
10.9
6.1
24.1
12.5
28.8
35.9
17.5
Maximum
40
60
31
13
57
124
38
12
32
24
71
56
124
Minimum
16
14
7
6
7
14
4
2
18
9
13
19
2
Micrograms/cubic meter
5-115
-------
Table 5-41.- METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
POPLAR, MONTANA
Month
^
r-
_j
^1
in
rH
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speeda
60
100
93
100
85
98
100
100
95
100
100
91
94
Wind direction3
60
100
100
97
85
98
100
100
95
100
100
91
94
Percent valid data.
5-116
-------
5.4.7 Ft. Peck, Montana
Ft. Peck is a result of and is occupied by the Army
Corps of Engineers for the purpose of constructing the Ft.
Peck Reservoir on the Missouri River. Major construction
was completed several years ago, but some light earth moving
activities continue near the spillway which is two miles
east of the sampling site. The sampling tower was located
on Telegraph Hill, the highest point in the area. To the
North of the site lay open farmland, to the East, West, and
South lay rolling hills and valleys, this area being used as
a wild life refuge. A visual display of the area is presented
in Photo 5-22.
Sampling equipment consisted of a high-volume par-
ticulate sampler, a membrane sampler, a S02-N02 gas bubbler,
and a wind instrument. This equipment was serviced and
calibrated by PEDCo at the beginning of the project and
every quarter thereafter. Refer to Tables 5-42 and 5-43
for project data summaries at Ft. Peck. Trace element
analysis of the membrane filters was conducted by a separate
EPA contractor. These results will be published in a forth-
coming EPA report.
5-117
-------
'
North View
I
East View
South View
West View
f
Photos 5-22. Ft. Peck, Montana
-------
Table 5-42. PROJECT DATA SUMMARY FT. PECK, MONTANA
(24-hour averages)
Oa-e
3-
r-»
CT-
uf.
r^»
C"i
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Annual
SUSPENDED PASTIC'JLATE
(high-volume)
-a <*
i- E
80
100
80
100
80
100
100
80
100
80
100
100
92
502
Gas bubbler3
-0 i/l
,- Ol
E
ro
>8
.,- O)
(0 CL
> =
ro
\ c
i- fD
S- OJ
-------
Table 5-43
METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
FT. PECK, MONTANA
Month
^r
_j
^"1
1.^
^^
r-i
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Annual
Wind speed3
85
100
68
98
100
100
100
100
0
0
72
92
76
Wind direction3
85
100
66
95
100
100
100
100
0
0
72
92
76
Percent valid data.
5-120
-------
6.0 SUMMARY OF ALL SITES
In this section, further summaries of the data collec-
ted during the twelve month sampling program are provided.
Figures 6-1 through 6-6 depict annual means and maximum
24-hour concentrations of TSP, S02/ and N02- Tables 6-1
through 6-8 provide additional listings of TSP, SO2t and
N02 data.
A detailed listing of all data is furnished in Volume
II of this report.
6-1
-------
to
17.3 GARRISON
25.6
STANTON
A
28.3
Figure 6-rl. Total suspended particulate, annual geometric mean,
micrograms/cubic meter.
-------
co
McCLUSKY
168
WASHBURN
128
Figure 6-2. Total suspended particulate, maximum 24-hour
concentration, micrograms/cubic meters.
-------
WASH BURN
10.7 13.4
Figure 6-3.
, annual arithmetic mean, micrograms/cubic meter.
-------
I
en
Figure 6-4. SO , maximum 24-hour concentration, micrograms/cubic meter
-------
Figure 6-5. NO2, annual arithmetic mean, micrograms/cubic meter.
-------
Figure 6-6. N02/ maximum 24-hour concentration, micrograms/cubic meter,
-------
Table 6-1. WYOMING TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE SUMMARY
(ug/m3)
Site
Buffalo
520060001 P03
Gillette
52008001 P03
Lusk
520300001 P03
Lusk
520300001 P03
Newcastle
520820001 PO3
# of
samples
55
59
59
59
57
2 4 -hour
Maximum
37
63
84
93
277
24-hour
2nd
Maximum
35
43
39
48
135
Annual**
geometric
mean
8.8
13.2
8.2
9-1
14.2
Geometric
standard
deviation
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.4
2.7
00
September 1974 - August 1975
Summary:
Maximum for state: 277 yg/m at Newcastle
Highest annual geometric mean =14.2 yg/m3 at Newcastle
Lowest annual geometric mean =8.2 yg/m3 at Lusk
Average of geometric mean = 11.2 yg/m3
-------
Table 6-2. SOUTH DAKOTA TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE SUMMARY
yg/m
Site
Buffalo
430760001 P03.
Buffalo
430760002 P03
Belle Fairche
430980001 P03
Lenunon
431320001 P03
#.of
samples
56
55
53
59
24-hour
Maximum
61
51
61
228
2 4 -hour
2nd
Maximum
39
48
56
140
Annual
geometric
mean
12.3
11.4
16.2
26.2
Geometric
standard
deviation
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
CTl
I
IO
September 1974 - August 1975.
Summary: Maximum for state: 228 yg/m at Lenunon ~
Highest annual geometric mean = 26.2 yg/m at Lemmon
Lowest annual geometric mean = 11.4 yg/m3 at Buffalo
Average of geometric means: 18.1 yg/m3
-------
Table 6-3. NORTH DAKOTA TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE BY SITE
(yg/m )
Site
Medora
350080001 P03
Bowman
350160001 P03
Mott
350560001 P03
Garrison
350720001 P03
Washburn
350720002 P03
Parshall
350820002 P03
Stan ton
350860001 P03
McClusky
351060002 P03
McClusky
351060002 P03
# of
samples
56
53
51
56
59
48
60
48
48
2 4 -hour
Maximum
88
95
113
278
128
114
185
168
157
24-hour
2nd
Maximum
72
94
107
159
101
87
158
123
139
Annual0
geometric
mean
13.4
20.2
35.2
25.6
25.7
17.3
28.3
22.2
25.4
Geometric
standard
deviation
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.3
Ol
(-
o
September 1974 - August 1975
Summary: Maximum for state: 278 yg/m at Garrison^
Highest annual geometric mean = 35.2 yg/m at Mott
Lowest annual geometric mean = 13.4 yg/m3 at Medora
Average of geometric means: 23.7 yg/m3
-------
Table 6-4. MONTANA TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE SUMMARY
(yg/mj)
Site
Ekalaka
270200001 P03
Glehdive
270360001 P03
Lindsay
270360002 P03
Lindsay
270360003 P03
Ft. Peck
270980001 PO3
Broadus
271240009 PO3
Poplar
271340001 P03
Lame Deer
271340003 P03
# of
samples
45
48
59
58
52
58
58
40
2 4 -hour
Maximum
37
59
86
92
51
66
124
99
2 4 -hour
2nd
Maximum
34
57
70
74
40
53
71
26
Annual
geometric
mean
8.8
14.5
14.7
14.4
9.7
11.9
17.5
10.4
Geometric
standard
deviation
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
Ol
I
September 1974 - August 1975.
Summary: Maximum for state: 124 yg/m at Poplar -
Highest annual geometric mean = 17.5 yg/m at Poplar
Lowest annual geometric mean = 8.8 yg/ip3 at Ekalaka
Average of geometric means = 12.4 yg/m. -
-------
Table 6-5. SUMMARY OF TSP DATA FOR ALL SITES
(ug/m3)
Month
Sept-Oct.
Nov-Dec .
Jan-Feb.
Mar-Apr .
May -June
Jul-Aug
# of
samples
188
232
176
202
203
185
24-hour
Maximum
(location)
228
(431320001 P03)
67
(350720002 P03)
278
(350720001 P03)
140
(431320001 P03)
107
(350560001 P03)
277
(520820001 P03)
Average of
geometric
means
28.2
10.2
15.8
11.7
20.0
33.0
Standard
deviation
of means
11.6
4.8
12.3
6.2
10.9
13.5
Maximum
mean
(location)
54.5
(350560001 P03)
22.8
(350160001 P03)
52.9
(350720001 P03)
35.1
(350560001 P03)
53.1
(350560001 P03)
63.1
(350560001 P03)
Minimum
mean
12.3
4.0
2.6
6.4
5.1
4.5
-------
I
M
U)
Table 6-6. SUMMARY OF GAS BUBBLER DATA BY SITE
(24-hour averages)
Site
Gillette, Wyo.
520080001 PO3
tusk, Wyo.
520300001 P03
Newcastle, Wyo.
520820001 P03
Belle Fourche,
N.D.
430980001 P03
Buffalo.S.D.
430760001 P03
Hashburn.N.D.
350720002 PO3
Stanton, N.D.
350860001 P03
Nott, N.D.
350560001 P03
Lame Deer, Hon.
271360003 P03
Ft. Peck, Mon.
270980001 P03
SO,'
1 of
samples
58
28b
27b
30b '
56
55
61
29b
21b
54
Maximum
48
52
41
«
45
45
50
42
41
38
43
2nd
maximum
48
30
34
42
40
46
36
35
33
39
Arithmetic
mean
13.6
7.5
8.7
6.3
12.0
13.4
10.7
9-4
7.3
9.0
Arithmetic
standard
deviation
14.2
12.3
12.3
12.0
13.9
15.6
13.4
12.1
11.4
13.0
._ a
»2
f of
samples
58
29b
25b
30b
58
55
61
28b
21b
52
Maximum
19
68
13
21
13
34
16
18
11
19
2nd
maximum
15
20
12
13
11
13
12
16
9
8
Arithmetic
mean
3.3
5.9
5.5
4.3
1.4
2.6
2.5
6.0
2.3
1.6
Arithmetic
standard
deviation
4.9
13.0
4.2
5.9
3.2
5.8
3.9
5.4
3.6
. 3.8
aMicrograms/cubic meter
Station bagan oparation in March, 1975.
-------
Table 6-7.
SUMMARY OF GAS BUBBLER DATA BY MONTH AND QUARTERS AND YEAR
(24-hour averages)
Sampling
period
Month
o\
r-l
in
iH
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jvil.
Aug.
Quarters
S-O-N
D-J-F
M-A-M
J-J-A
Year
so2"
f of
samples
22
22
23
30
23
17
47
45
48
47
48
47
67
70
140
142
419
Maximum
23
26
49
46
42
26
48
52
26
50
35
25
49
46
52
50
52
Average of
samples
2
7
29
23
16
10
21
8
4
7
5
5
13
18
11
6
11
Standard
deviation
6
9
14
13
15
10
15
14
7
11
8
8
16
14
14
9
14
W>2*
I of "
samples
24
21
23
30
23
17
46
45
46
46
49
47
68
70
137
142
417
Maximum
12
7
13
16
5
10
21
16
68
x 20
12
19
13
16
68
20
68
Average of
samples
1
1
2
2
<1
1
3
2
6
4
4
4
1
1
4
4
3
Standard
deviation
3
2
4
4
1
2
5
4
12
5
4
6
3
3
8
5
6
Slicrograraa/cubic meter
-------
Table 6-8.
ANNUAL SUMMARY - INTERMITTANT SAMPLERS
(24-hour averages)
Site
Buffalo, Wyo.
Gillette, Wyo.
Lush, Hyo.
Newcastle, Wyo
Belle Fourche,
S. Dakota
Buffalo, S.O.
Lcnnnon, S.D.
Parshall, N.D.
Garrison, N.D.
Washburn.N.D.
McClusky,N.D.
Bowman, N.D.
8 tan ton, N.D.
Mott, N.D.
Medora, N.D.
Lame Deer, Mt.
Broadus, Nt.
Bkalaka, Ht.
Glendive, Mt.
Lindsay, Mt.
Poplar, Mt.
Ft. Peck, Mt.
Total suspended partidulate
Annual
geometric
mean .
8.8
13.2
8.7
14.2
16.2
11.9
26.2
17.3
25.6
25.7
23.8
20.2
28.3
35.2
13.4
10.4
11.9
8.8
14.5
14.6
17.5
9.7
Annual
maximum
37
63
93
277(67)c
61
61
228(140)°
114
278(112)c
128
168(139)C
95
185(128)°
113
88
99
66
37
59
92
124
51
Month
of
maximum
July
March
June
August
July
July
Oct.
Oct.
Feb.
Oct.
Oct.
Aug.
Oct.
July
Oct.
Jan.
July
Oct.
March
July
Feb.
Sept.
SO/
Annual
arithmetic
mean
N.A.
13.6
7.5
8.7
6.3
12.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
13.4
N.A.
N.A.
10.7
9.4
N.A.
7.3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9.0
Annual
maximum
N.A.
48
52b
41b
45b
45
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
50
N.A.
N.A.
42
41b
N.A.
38b
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
43
Month
of
maximum
N.A.
March
April
March
April
Nov.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
June .
N.A.
N.A.
Jan&Mar.
March
N.A.
March
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Nov.
NO/
Annual
arithmetic
mean
N.A.
3.3
5.9b
5.5b
4.3b
1.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2.6
N.A.
N.A.
2.5
6.0b
N.A.
2.3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1.6
Annual
maximum
N.A.
19
68
13
21
13
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
34
N.A.
N.A.
16
18
N.A.
llb
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
19
Month
of
maximum
N.A.
May
May
May
March
Nov.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
May
N.A.
N.A. .
Dec.
Aug.
N.A.
Aug.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Aug.
Tlicrograms/cubic meter
b8amplers operated for the period March 1975 through August 1975.
°Value displayed represent* an anoaaly. Value in parenthesis represents the second maximum value.
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