Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment: U.S. Coast Guard Base


EPA910 9-91-017
             United States
             Environmental Protection
              ancy

             Hazardous Waste Division
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA 06101
)H>aB^HWW^^VHB^H^^^H^^H«JI^HV 	
Federal Activities Program
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington

May 1691
             Waste Minimization
             Opportunity Assessment

             U.S. Coast Guard Base
             Ketchikan, Alaska
   Printed on
   Recycled
   Paper

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    WASTE MINIMIZATION
OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT
  U.S. COAST GUARD BASE
     KETCHIKAN, ALASKA
              Prepared for:

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
               Region 10
          Federal Activities Program
            1200 Sixth Avenue
         Seattle, Washington 98101
             Submitted by:

    Science Applications International Corporation
       626 Columbia Street N.W., Suite 1-C
         Olympia, Washington 98501
 EPA Contract No. 68-C8-0061, Work Assignment No. 2-25
        SAIC Project No. 1-832-03-211-00
                Final
               May 1991

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                                    Acknowledgments


The preparation and publication of this report was made possible through funding from the EPA Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Pollution Prevention Program, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the EPA
Region 10 Federal Activities Program, Seattle,  Washington.  Several people have assisted in this
project, and their help is gratefully acknowledged:


       David Dellarco, Project Manager, EPA Region 10 Hazardous Waste Division

       Jim Bridges, Pollution Prevention Program, EPA Office of Research and Development, Risk
              Reduction Engineering Laboratory

       David S. Wigglesworth, Pollution Prevention Program Coordinator, Alaska Department of
              Environmental Conservation

       LCDR Cathy McNally, Executive Officer, USCG Base Ketchikan

       CWO Jeff Hurst and CWO John  Prill, Hazardous  Materials Coordinators, USCG Base
              Ketchikan

       LT Donald Coffelt, USCG Civil Engineering Unit Juneau

       Frank Madison, USCG Civil Engineering Unit Juneau
                                         NOTE

             Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
             names in this  report does not in any way imply EPA or  SAIC
             endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Through funding provided by the Environmental Protection Agency and the assistance of the Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation Pollution Prevention Program, a waste minimization
opportunity assessment was conducted at Coast Guard Base Ketchikan, Alaska. The SAIC audit team
collected information on the Base during a three-day site visit in October 1990, and through telephone
interviews of Coast Guard personnel from October through December 1990. Based on information
gathered about the waste generating processes, waste handling procedures, and quantities of waste
generated at the facility, the audit team developed a number of waste minimization and waste
management alternatives for the most significant waste streams. The feasibility of each option is
discussed within the report and recommendations are offered for the most favorable alternatives. In
addition, some general recommendations are presented for base-wide waste management and waste
reduction.

The audit team found that there are significant opportunities for waste minimization at Base
Ketchikan. Through the implementation of the following alternatives, the total hazardous waste
stream could be reduced by as much as 85%:

Dockside oil/water separation
Oil recycling
Battery recycling
Paint waste and thinner distillation
Antifreeze purification
Landfilling nonhazardous blasting waste.

Implementation of these alternatives would produce an increase in sewerable wastes and landf illable
solid wastes over current levels, but a significant overall reduction in waste toxicity. The total of new
equipment costs for these waste minimization options is estimated at less than $45,350 (Table 1). The
total net annual benefit from implementing the recommended alternatives is estimated at over
$112,000. Hazardous waste disposal costs could potentially be reduced to less than $90,000 per year.

These results are dependent on a few basic changes in waste handling at Base Ketchikan. They
include:

1. Segregation of waste streams
2. Determination of which wastes are hazardous

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3. Refraining from disposal of nonhazardous wastes as hazardous wastes
4. Pursuing recycling options.

Segregation of waste streams will permit the recycling/reuse of some wastes and the separation of
hazardous and nonhazardous constituents. Through this study, it became apparent that several wastes
are being disposed of as hazardous wastes which may not be hazardous, including antifreeze solutions,
bilge wastes, and used oil. If the preventive measures are taken up front to ensure that wastes are
segregated, and if the proper analysis of wastes is performed to provide some certainty in waste
designation, hazardous waste handling effort and disposal costs could be substantially reduced. For
example, it is possible that spent blasting grit is not a hazardous waste. This can be determined
through representative sampling and analysis; and if shown to be nonhazardous, blasting waste from
vessel paint stripping operations could be recycled into the manufacture of asphalt or concrete.

The summary table on the following page provides an overview of the alternatives considered most
favorable by the audit team for near-term implementation. Each of the preferred options is listed
with its estimated capital cost, net annual benefit, and payback period. It is clear that the economics
of these waste minimization opportunities are advantageous. Other indirect benefits include decreased
liability for hazardous wastes, reduced effort in manifesting and recordkeeping, decreased likelihood
of regulatory infractions, reduced occupational hazards, and increased community and employee good
will.
11

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Table 1
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED IMSTE MINIMIZATION ALTERNATIVES
WASTE STREAM, LOCATION,
•Sviw.-i:..^ OPERATION: 	
BLASTING HASTE: Marine
ways, paint removal
from vessels
PAINT UASTE: Marine
ways, buoy shed,
painting vessels and
buoys
SOLVENTS; Base-wide,
cleaning and decreasing
operations
• Industrial and Public
Works, small parts
washers
BILGE WASTE: Base-wide.
bi Ige management
IMSTE OIL: Base-wide.
lubricating and
generator oils
HASTE ANTIFREEZE/COOLANT:
Base-wide, from vessels
and vehicles
BATTERIES: Base-wide,
from ATON units and
vehicles
PAPER. GLASS. ALUMINUM.
ETC.: Base-wide

WASTE M1N OPTION
• Retest for new
designation
* High volume/low
pressure paint guns
' Improve storage
practices
* Distill paint wastes
* Best management
practices
* Solvent distillation
* Oil/water separator
on base
* Eliminate use of
emulsifying degreasers
* Off site oil recycling
* Purify onsfte and
reuse
* Recycle all batteries;
lead-acid with payback
* Take paper to USFS
collection point
* Scrap eqpt and metal
to local scrapper
TOTAL CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
$6.000
SI ,300
Minimal
$4,000
Minimal
$4,000
$26,050
Unknown
--
$8,000
--
"
NET ANNUAL
BENEFIT
'$30,000
$12,250
Unknown
$6,200
Unknown
$6,200
$18,680
$25,750
$6,155
$13,560
Unknown
Unknown
PAYBACK
PERIOD, yrtt
0.2
0.1
0.4
N/A
0.6
1.4
N/A
1.3
N/A
••
;,; V:., COMMENTS ..,;. ': •':.'
• Cap. invest, is analytical
costs for blasting waste: 20
samples 9 $300/sample
• Strongly recommended; used by
auto body paint shops
• Will result in less wasted
product
• Uses same eqpt as solvent
recycling option
• Could reduce purchase and
disposal costs significantly
• Analysis based on paint wastes;
both can be distilled with same
unit. Reuse solvent for
cleaning operations.
• Oil can be recycled or burned
for energy recovery. Bilge
must be free of emulsifying
agents.
• Oil must be free of halogenated
solvent contamination
• Need to verify that system can
purify Nalcool and Paxcool
• Use Seattle area recyclers;
lead payback approx. $.03/lb
• Avoids landfill disposal costs
• Avoids landfill disposal costs
and hauling

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       3.3     LIQUID HAZARDOUS WASTES	  3-7
       3.4     DISPOSAL COSTS. 	  3-7
       3.5     SELECTION OF PRIORITY WASTE STREAMS  	  3-22

4.0 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF WASTE MINIMIZATION ALTERNATIVES	  4-1
       4.1     BLASTING WASTE	  4-1
              4.1.1     Paint Removal from Vessel Hulls	  4-1
              4.1.2     Paint Removal from Buovs 	  4-7
       4.2     PAINTING VESSELS AND BUOYS	  4-8
              4.2.1     Use Lead-Free. Non-Toxic Paints	  4-8
              4.2.2     Use High Volume/Low Pressure Air Guns	  4-8
              4.2.3     Improve Storage Practices	  4-9
              4.2.4     Emolov Best Paint Application Practices	  4-9
              4.2.5     Sorav Gun  Cleaning Station	  4-9
              4.2.6     Recycle Paint Wastes With Waste Solvents  	  4-11
       4.3     SOLVENTS  	  4-11
              4.3.1     Solvent Substitution	  4-12
              4.3.2     Extending Solvent Life 	  4-13
              4.3.3     Employ Best Management Practices	  4-13
              4.3.4     Onsite Solvent Recycling and Reuse  	  4-15
       4.4     BILGE WASTE	  4-15
              4.4.1     Install Oil/Water Separators On All Vessels  	  4-17
              4.4.2     Install Oil/Water Separation Unit at Base Ketchikan  	  4-17
              4.4.3     Eliminate Use of Detergents and Emulsifying Aeents  	  4-19
              4.4.4     Install Ultrafiltration Unit at the Base	  4-19
              4.4.5     Recycle or  Recover Oil Onsite or Offsite	  4-19
              4.4.6     Use Oil/Water Separator at Ketchikan Shipyard	  4-19
       4.5     WASTE OIL	  4-21
              4.5.1     Onsite Energy Recovery With Waste Oil Burner	  4-23
              4.5.2     Offsite Energy Recovery at Ketchikan Pulp Mill	  4-23
              4.5.3     Offsite Oil  Recycling	  4-25
              4.5.4     Oil Testing to Extend Period Between Oil Changes  	  4-25
              4.5.5     Bv-Pass Filtration to Extend Oil Life 	  4-29
    -   4.6     ANTIFREEZE/COOLANT 	  4-30
              4.6.1     Purify Coolant Onsite and Reuse	  4-30
              4.6.2     Recycle Antifreeze Offsite Through a Service Contract	  4-30
       4.7     BATTERIES	  4-32
              4.7.1     Draining Wet Batteries and Neutralizing Solutions Onsite	  4-32
              4.7.2     Recycling Batteries	  4-32
       4.8     PAPER. GLASS. ALUMINUM.  AND OTHER SOLID WASTES   	  4-33
              4.8.1     USFS Paper Recycling  Program	  4-33
              4.8.2     Citv of Ketchikan Recycling Program	  4-33
              4.8.3     Regional Recycling Efforts	  4-34
              4.8.4     Additional Solid Waste	  4-34

5.0 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS	  5-1
       5.1     SUMMARY OF ATTRACTIVE  OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  ..  5-1
       5.2     SITE-WIDE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT  	  5-1
       5.3     CONCLUSIONS	  5-6

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                               Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 	  >

LIST OF FIGURES	  vi

LIST OF TABLES	   vii

LIST OF ACRONYMS	   viii

1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW	   1-1
       1.1    PURPOSE  	   1-1
       1.2    PURPOSE AND BENEFITS OF WASTE MINIMIZATION	   1-1
       1.3    PROCEDURES  	   1-4
       1.4    ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT  	   1-4

2.0 FACILITY DESCRIPTION	   2-2
       2.1    OVERVIEW OF BASE OPERATIONS	   2-2
             2.1.1     Current Operations 	   2-2
             2.1.2     Facility Improvements	   2-4
       2.2    MAJOR WASTE-GENERATING ACTIVITIES	   2-4
             2.2.1     Buov Maintenance	   2-4
             2.2.2     Vessel Maintenance	   2-5
       2.3    WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES	   2-6
             2.3.1     Hazardous Waste Management	   2-6
             2.3.2     Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management	   2-7
             2.3.3     Sanitary Waste Management	   2-8
       2.4    WASTE GENERATION BY UNIT AND AREA	   2-8
             2.4.1     USCGC Planetree 	   2-8
             2.4.2     USCGC Naushon	   2-9
             2.4.3     Station	   2-10
             2.4.4     Industrial Carpenter Shop 	   2-10
             2.4.5     Industrial Machine Shop  	   2-11
             2.4.6     Industrial Electrical Shop	   2-11
             2.4.7     Electronic Systems Technicians	   2-11
             2.4.8     Telecommunications Technicians	   2-11
             2.4.9     Industrial Metal Trades Shop	   2-12
             2.4.10   Public Works Department 	   2-13
             2.3.11   Medical/Dental Department  	   2-14
             2.3.12   Gallev	   2-15
             2.4.13   Administration Building  	   2-16
             2.4.14   Procurement	   2-16
       2.5    POTENTIAL BARRIERS  TO   WASTE  MINIMIZATION AT  BASE
             KETCHIKAN  	   2-17
       2.6    POTENTIAL  AIDS   TO  WASTE   MINIMIZATION   AT   BASE
             KETCHIKAN  	   2-19

3.0 ASSESSMENT PHASE RESULTS	   3-1
       3.1    SUMMARY OF BASE-WIDE HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION	   3-1
       3.2    SOLID HAZARDOUS WASTES	   3-3
                                        IV

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                                     LIST OF TABLES

                                                                                      Paee

Table 2-1         Departmental Organization of Base Ketchikan	 2-3

Table 3-1         Definitions and Key Assumptions for Interpretation
                  of Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets  	 3-4

Table 3-2         Estimated Disposal Costs for Each Hazardous Waste Type	 3-16

Table 3-3         Actual Hazardous Waste Disposal Costs, 1989 & 1990  	 3-20

Table 3-4         Contract Disposal Rate Per Unit (1990)	 3-23

Table 3-5         Waste Disposal Costs Per Drum (or Tote) - 1990	 3-24

Table 4-1         Compositional Analysis of Blasting Grit 	 4-6

Table 4-2         High Volume/Low Pressure Paint System Cost/Benefit Analysis	 4-10

Table 4-3         Alternative Solvent for Hot Dip Tank	 4-14

Table 4-4         Cost/Benefit Analysis  of Solvent/Thinner Distillation	 4-16

Table 4-5         Bilge Oil/Water Separator Cost/Benefit Analysis	                   4-20

Table 4-6         Cost/Benefit Analysis  for Ultrafiltration of Bilge Waste  	 4-22

Table 4-7         Waste Oil Heater Cost/Benefit Analysis	 4-24

Table 4-8         Send Used Oil to Ketchikan Pulp Mill for Energy Recovery,
                  Cost/Benefit Analysis	 4-26

Table 4-9         Use of Waste Oil Heater and Ketchikan  Pulp Mill,
                  Cost/Benefit Analysis	 4-27

Table 4-10        Economic Analysis of  Off site Used Oil Recycling	 4-28

Table 4-11        Antifreeze Purification System Cost/Benefit Analysis	 4-31

Table 4-12        Economic Analysis of Off site Battery Recycling Option A  	 4-35

Table 4-13        Economic Analysis of Off site Battery Recycling Option B	 4-36

Table 5-1         Summary of Waste Minimization Feasibility Analysis  	 5-2
                                            Vll

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                                   LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                                    Page

Figure 1-1        Waste Minimization Techniques  	  1-3

Figure 1-2        Waste Minimization Assessment Procedure 	  1-5

Figure 3-1        Example Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheet	  3-2

Figure 3-2        Hazardous Waste Solids Breakdown by Waste Type, 1989	  3-5

Figure 3-3        Hazardous Waste Solids Breakdown by Waste Type, 1990	  3-6

Figure 3-4        Hazardous Waste Solids Breakdown by Area of Generation, 1989	  3-8

Figure 3-5        Hazardous Waste Solids Breakdown by Area of Generation, 1990	  3-9

Figure 3-6        Hazardous Waste Liquids Breakdown by Waste Type, 1989 	  3-10

Figure 3-7        Hazardous Waste Liquids Breakdown by Waste Type, 1990 	  3-11

Figure 3-8        Hazardous Waste Liquids Breakdown by Area of Generation, 1989	  3-12

Figure 3-9        Hazardous Waste Liquids Breakdown by Area of Generation, 1990 	  3-13

Figure 3-10      Estimated Disposal Cost of Hazardous Waste from
                 Transfer Sheet Information, 1989  	  3-15

Figure 3-11       Estimated Disposal Cost of Hazardous Waste from
                 Transfer Sheet Information, 1990  	  3-17

Figure 3-12      Actual Disposal Costs of Hazardous Wastes from
                 Shipping Records - 1989	  3-19

Figure 3-13      Actual Disposal Costs of Hazardous Wastes from
                 Shipping Records - 1990	  3-21

Figure 3-14      1989 Hazardous Waste Disposal Costs from Shipping Records  	  3-25

Figure 3-15      1990 Hazardous Waste Disposal Costs from Shipping Records  	  3-26
                                           VI

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           LIST OF ACRONYMS

ATON     aid to navigation
CFR       Code of Federal Regulations
CEU       Civil Engineering Unit
DRMO     Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office
EPA       Environmental Protection Agency
FD&CC    Facility Design and Construction Center
HDPE     high density polyethylene
HVLP     high volume/low pressure
OBA       oxygen breathing apparatus
PCB       polychlorinated biphenyl
ppm       parts per million
TCA   .    trichloroethane
TCLP      toxicity leaching procedure
USCG     U.S. Coast Guard
USCGC    U.S. Coast Guard Cutter
VOC       volatile organic compound
                   Vlll

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1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
1.1 PURPOSE
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 10 has made a regional priority of actively
pursuing pollution prevention activities at federal facilities. Alaskan federal facilities generate the
largest volume of hazardous wastes of all generators in Alaska. In response to Region 10's outreach
activities, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) has requested technical assistance in exploring alternatives
for the reduction of solid and hazardous wastes at the Coast Guard Base in Ketchikan, Alaska. In
addition, USCG is interested in implementing a waste minimization program in Ketchikan which
.could be transferred to other Coast Guard facilities in Alaska and possibly elsewhere in the country.

The purpose of this project was to develop a number of waste minimization options for U.S. Coast
Guard Base Ketchikan, addressing both hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. The first phase of the
project, which culminated in this report, involved an onsite audit of activities at the facility which
generate hazardous and nonhazardous wastes, selection of priority waste streams, and the subsequent
analysis of waste minimization alternatives for each of the waste streams or processes. The second
phase of the project will be the development of an implementation plan for the options selected by
the Coast Guard for application at Base Ketchikan.

This project was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency and facilitated through the
cooperation and participation of the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)
Pollution Prevention Program. The Coast Guard at Base Ketchikan, Civil Engineering Unit (CEU)
Juneau, and Maintenance Logistics Command (MLC) Pacific also cooperated and assisted in this
effort.

1.2 PURPOSE AND BENEFITS OF WASTE MINIMIZATION
The ultimate goal of waste minimization is to reduce present and future threats to human health and
the environment. Waste minimization is defined as the reduction of waste generated and subsequently
treated, stored, or disposed of, including (1) reduction of total volume or quantity of waste, and (2)
reduction of toxicity of the waste. Waste minimization methods can be grouped into two main
categories: source reduction and recycling. Source reduction is any activity which reduces or
eliminates the generation of waste at the source. One example of source reduction is the use of
filtration to extend the life of solvents in a parts washer, leading to the generation of less spent
solvent. Recycling includes the reuse or reclamation of used materials. In paper recycling, used paper

910521.0150 i_i
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is used for pulp to make new paper. Spent solvents can be reclaimed through distillation, and lead
can be reclaimed from lead acid batteries for reuse.

There are many ways that source reduction can be effected, including process changes, product
substitution, waste stream segregation, material handling improvements, and loss prevention
procedures. Furthermore, there are many ways that materials can be reused or reclaimed, however
these methods are often affected by exterior influences such as market prices for recycled products
and the availability of reclamation technology. Figure 1-1 depicts the categories of waste
minimization techniques. EPA recommends the exploration of source reduction options first, to
minimize the generation of waste, and recycling options second, to maximize the reuse of materials.

In this report, both source reduction and recycling alternatives have been considered for the waste
streams selected. In addition, the audit team took a careful look at waste management practices at
Base Ketchikan. Some of the options considered fall into the latter category and are not truly waste
minimization techniques, though they may result in significant savings in waste disposal costs.

There are both direct benefits of waste minimization and indirect benefits. The analyses of waste
minimization and waste management options in this report focus primarily on the direct benefits to
the Coast Guard, i.e., savings in disposal and procurement costs. However, the indirect benefits of
waste minimization may be equally important.

One indirect benefit of waste minimization is reduction in liability. Generation of less waste to be
disposed of translates to a smaller legal burden for the "cradle to grave" management of hazardous
waste both on- and offsite. Less hazardous waste also means less effort in manifesting and
recordkeeping. Reduction in toxicity of materials or wastes and in quantity of hazardous wastes
generated can decrease occupational hazards, thereby reducing the Coast Guard's liability for worker
health and safety.

Finally, a waste minimization program can generate good will in the community, enhance a facility's
public image, and foster a higher level of concern for the environment in individuals.
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                               WASTE  MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
                                                                                RECYCLING
                                                                          (ONSITE AND OFFSITE)
                   SOURCE  REDUCTION
       PRODUCT  CHANGES
        • Product substitution
        • Product conservation
        - Chang* In product
              nosKoi
                                                                                         RECLAMATION
SOURCE CONTROL
USE AND REUSE
                                                                                        -Processed tor
                                                                                           resource recovery
                                                                                        - Processed asa
                                                                                           by-product
                             - Return to original process
                             - Raw material substitute
                                lor another orocesi
INPUT MATERIAL
   CHANGES
                      TECHNOLOGY
                        CHANGES
         GOOD  OPERATING
            PRACTICES
                     Process changes
                     Equipment, piping, or
Material purification
Material substitution
        Procedural measures
        Loss prevention
        Management practices
        Waste stream segregation
        Material handling
          Improvements
        Production schedulng
                     Additional automation
                     Changes In operational
                       settings
                                                     Figure 1-1

                                      WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
                                             (from EPA/625/7-88-003)

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1.3 PROCEDURES
In general, this project follows the EPA procedures outlined in the Waste Minimization Opportunity
Assessment Manual (EPA/625/7-88-003): 1) planning and organization, 2) assessment, 3) feasibility
analysis, and 4) implementation (Figure 1-2). The project was initiated in September 1990 with a
meeting at Base Ketchikan to discuss the objectives and schedule of the project and to facilitate the
design of a work plan. When the audit team arrived at the Base a few weeks later (October 1990), an
initial briefing was held to acquaint Coast Guard officials with the team members, discuss objectives
of the site visit, and organize the onsite information gathering process.

The audit team, comprised of SAIC staff and a representative of Alaska DEC Pollution Prevention
Program, spent three days at Base Ketchikan and viewed the areas where wastes are generated;
collected process information; interviewed base personnel; identified waste management procedures;
and gathered information concerning waste generation, disposal methods and costs, and local waste
handling/reduction programs.

The audit team continued to collect information from the Coast Guard by phone after the site visit.
The audit team identified the most significant waste streams based on the quantity of waste generated
and associated disposal costs.

Each process that resulted in generation of a significant waste stream was analyzed. Options for waste
reduction in each of those processes were identified and evaluated for their potential applicability at
Base Ketchikan. In addition, several facility-wide recommendations for waste reduction and
improvements in waste management were made.

During the second phase of this project, an implementation plan will be developed based on the
options selected by the Coast Guard.

1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
The remainder of this report contains four chapters and seven appendices. Chapter 2 describes the
facilities at Base Ketchikan, organization by departments, process descriptions and waste generation
from each process or area, and waste management procedures. Chapter 3 presents the results of the
assessment phase, including a summary of hazardous waste generation at the Base, a summary of
disposal costs, and selection of priority waste streams. Chapter 4 contains the feasibility analysis of
waste minimization options for each of the priority hazardous waste streams as well as for several

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       The Wist*  Minimization Assessment  Procedure
               The recognized need to minimize waste
                             i
               PLANNING  AND ORGANIZATION
             • Get management commitment
             • Set overall assessment program goals
             • Organize assessment program task force
        Assessment organization
        and commitment to p
                    ASSESSMENT  PHASE
             • Collect process and facility data
             • Prioritize and select assessment targets
             • Select people for assessment teams
             • Review data and inspect site
             • Generate options
             • Screen and select options for further study
            Assessment report of
              selected options
       Select new
   assessment targets
     and reevaluate
    previous options
               FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS  PHASE
                • Technical evaluation
                • Economic evaluation
                • Select options for implementation
            Final report, Including
            recommended options 1 r
                      IMPLEMENTATION
                • Justify projects and obtain funding
                • Installation (equipment)
                • Implementation (procedure)
                • Evaluate performance
Repeat the process
                    Successfully Implemented
                    waste minimization projects
                               Figure 1-2

GENERALIZED WASTE MINIMIZATION ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
                       (from EPA/625/7-88-003)
                               1-5

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 types of nonhazardous wastes.  Chapter 5 summarizes the results of the feasibility analysis and
 provides recommendations.

 The appendices contain background information used in the feasibility analyses, consisting primarily
 of product information for many of the alternatives discussed in the report. Appendix A contains
 product and vendor information on paint removal from buoys and hulls. Information on equipment
 options for minimizing paint waste  is collated in Appendix B.   Vendor information on solvent
 substitutes and distillation units are contained in Appendix C. Product information on alternatives
 for bilge waste management comprises Appendix D. Appendix E contains information on waste oil
 management options. Appendix F addresses product information on antifreeze and coolant options.
 Information  on recyclers of batteries, paper, glass, and aluminum is provided  in Appendix G.
 (Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks or trade names in this report does not imply
 EPA or SAIC endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors).
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2.0 FACILITY DESCRIPTION

2-1 OVERVIEW OF BASE OPERATIONS
2.1.1 Current OoeratiQny
Although a Coast Guard facility has occupied the eight-acre site at the south end of the city of
Ketchikan in southeast Alaska for many years, Base Ketchikan was established organizationally in
July 1989. Over 100 Coast Guard and civilian personnel work at the Base. The primary functions
of Base Ketchikan are to maintain several hundred aids to navigation (ATON) in Alaskan waters, and
to support and maintain several Coast Guard cutters and boats. These vessels are used for search and
rescue operations, law enforcement, and ATON maintenance. The facility has several tenant
commands, which are:

• Group Ketchikan
• Marine Safety Detachment (search and rescue)
• USCGC Naushon
• USCGC Planetree.

The Planetree is a 180-foot buoy tender with 55 personnel on board, and is the largest of the vessels
supported by the Base. The Naushon is a 110-foot cutter employing a 16 person crew. It is one of
four 110-foot vessels maintained by Base Ketchikan. Smaller vessels are home-ported and/or
maintained at the Base as well, including three 41-foot aluminum-hulled cutters, two of which are
based in Ketchikan, a 42-foot training vessel based in Sitka, and a steel-hulled 65-foot cutter based
at Ketchikan. Coast Guard vessels are used for buoy maintenance, search and rescue operations, and
enforcement duties.

Table 2-1 summarizes the departmental organization of Base Ketchikan. "Station" is the department
which is responsible for Ketchikan-based boat operations. Station performs all above waterline
maintenance and repair of vessels. The Industrial Department ("Industrial") is responsible for vessel
maintenance and repair below the waterline. Comprised of six shops (Table 2-1), Industrial performs
all of the dry blasting on both vessels and buoys. Buoys are periodically overhauled, a process in
which the wiring, lighting, and bell equipment is removed, the paint is stripped off by blasting, any
repairs which are needed are performed, and the unit is repainted.

The Public Works Department is responsible for maintenance of Base Ketchikan buildings, vehicles,
housing, utilities, and waste management. The Medical/Dental Center on base provides out-patient
health care and dental service to Coast Guard personnel. Most of the purchasing is conducted by the

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                                        Table 2-1


               DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION OF BASE KETCHIKAN
        1.    Public Works Department

                    Carpenter Shop
                    Vehicle Maintenance Shop & Hobby Lobby
                    Utilities Shop
                    Electrical Maintenance Shop
                    Hazardous Waste Storage Area
                    Barracks
                    Gymnasium

        2.    Supply Department (Comptroller)

                    Warehouse
                    "83 Stock"
                    Surf and Galley
                    Mess Deck

        3.    Station (Boat Operations Department)

        4.    Non-Appropriated Funds Activities (NAFA)

                    Taffrail Club
                    Base Exchange (PX)

        5.    Medical/Dental Department

        6.    Industrial Department

                    Carpenter Shop
                    Machine Shop
                    Electrical Shop
                    Electronic Systems Technicians
                    Telecommunications Technicians
                    Metal Trades Shop
                           - Sheet Metal Shop
                           - Welding Shop
                           - Metal Fabrication Shop
                           - Painting Shop
                           - Buoy Shed
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Supply Department (Comptroller), which orders supplies through the federal supply system and other
channels as needed. The "Surf and Galley," mess deck, and warehouse are also Supply Department
responsibilities. Non-Appropriated Funds Activities (NAFA) include the Base exchange and the
Taffrail Club, an all-hands club.

2.1.2 Facility Improvements
At the time of the site visit, the buoy shed was undergoing renovation. The renovation project was
completed in January 1991, providing an expanded paint booth, an enclosed buoy blasting room,
employing a custom-designed recyclable steel shot blasting system, and improved paint storage
accommodations. Full operations in the buoy shed were resumed in January. Designs for
improvements to the marine ways (dry dock for boat repair) are currently being developed by the
Facility Design & Construction Center (FD&CC) in Seattle. Construction is anticipated to begin in
mid- to late 1991, to be completed six to nine months later. The improvements will include
completion of walls on the north, east, and west sides of the ways, and the addition of a second roof
high enough to accommodate the superstructures on the 110-foot cutters which are maintained at the
Base.

2.2 MAJOR WASTE-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
2.2.1 Buov Maintenance
There are a total of 1,316 floating light units in Alaskan waters that are the responsibility of the Coast
Guard, in addition to approximately 300 seasonal navigation aids statewide. One of the primary
functions of Coast Guard Base Ketchikan is maintaining approximately 300 aids to navigation, most
of which are steel buoys. Preventive maintenance is performed on all aids to navigation annually.
This includes battery replacement, wiring repairs, maintenance of lights and bells, checking
lighthouse generators, and checking anchors. A steel buoy has an expected useful life of 30 years,
after which maintenance costs become unacceptably high. The buoy hulls are overhauled every five
to six years, and repairs are made as needed when the buoys are damaged. Up to 150 buoys can be
repaired/overhauled in a single year. At Base Ketchikan, an average of 82 buoys are overhauled per
year, of various sizes and types.

The overhaul process involves the following:

• A buoy tender removes the buoy from the water;
• The buoy is pressure sprayed to remove barnacles and other marine growth;
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      • The buoy is brought to the Base where its wiring and bells are removed;

      • The hull is blasted to remove all layers of paint and to prepare the steel surface for
        repainting;

      • Body repairs are made;

      • The hull is blown down to remove any remaining dust or grit;

      • Primer coat is applied;

      • Two additional layers of paint are applied;

      • The buoy is prepared for replacement at a designated location.


Wastes generated in the process of buoy maintenance and overhaul include the following materials:


        Batteries
        Blasting waste (blasting  media and paint dust)
        Waste paints
        Thinners
        Paint slops.


2.2.2  Vessel Maintenance

All Coast Guard vessels are routinely maintained according to a preventive maintenance schedule.

This includes engine maintenance with oil changes and coolant replacement, periodic maintenance

of all systems on board, and an overhaul approximately once every five years. Base  Ketchikan

performs repairs and maintenance on five to ten Coast Guard vessels in the marine ways each year.

Paint removal from both aluminum and steel hulled vessels is accomplished by  dry blasting using

blasting media made from granulated smelter slag or garnet.  Steel shot cannot be used for paint

removal on aluminum surfaces because it damages the aluminum.


Wastes generated in the process of Coast Guard vessel maintenance  and overhaul include the
following:


        Waste oil
        Coolant
        Bilge
        Spent blasting media
        Paint waste
        Thinner
        Solvents.

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2.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
2.3.1 Hazardous Waste Management
Base Ketchikan is a large quantity hazardous waste generator. It is also the receiving site for
hazardous wastes generated by Coast Guard units in Southeast Alaska considered satellite
accumulation points. [Satellite accumulation points are defined in 40 CFR 262.34(c).] Hazardous
waste management policy and procedures for the Base are documented in several Coast Guard
directives, including USCC Croup Ketchikan Hazardous Waste Management Plan (Group Ketchikan
Instruction 16478) and the Hazardous Waste Management Plan (Commandant Instruction M16478.1 A).

For the past two years, hazardous materials/waste coordination has been the responsibility of a Chief
Warrant Officer (Jeff Hurst) reporting to the head of the Industrial Department. This officer has
carried this responsibility along with several other collateral duties. As of December 1990, this
responsibility was transferred to the duties of the Chief Warrant Officer serving as the head of Public
Works (John Prill).

There is an uncovered, fenced and locked concrete pad which serves as the hazardous waste storage
area (HWSA) on the Base. A 5-inch concrete curb runs the perimeter of the pad, equipped with a
drain at one corner. A documentation system is in place to facilitate the handling of hazardous waste
which is transferred to the HWSA. For each container of waste, a "Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheet"
is completed and submitted to the hazardous materials coordinator, who then moves the container of
waste into the HWSA. The transfer sheets identify the source of the waste, the quantity, the type
of waste, type of container, date of transfer, and provide space for comments.

The hazardous materials coordinator is responsible for the proper identification, packaging,
manifesting, and shipment of hazardous waste offsite. The coordinator handles hazardous waste
generated by the tenant units and satellite accumulation areas as well as from the Base itself. In
addition, the coordinator is responsible for submitting the annual Generator Reports required by
Alaska DEC and biennial Generator Reports required by EPA. A waste inventory report is
maintained by the hazardous material coordinator on the Base mainframe computer. There is also a
hazardous materials inventory report which is updated twice a year.

Liquid wastes are drummed in standard DOT open top or bung top steel containers. Batteries are
stored and shipped in special plastic totes. Wastes in small containers or in damaged containers are
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placed in overpack drums with absorbent filling the voids. Wastes for which there is no identifying
information available are sampled and analyzed. Typically, hazardous waste shipments occur every
90 days.

Hazardous waste disposal service is obtained by contract administered by CEU Juneau. The current
contract includes six pickup points at Coast Guard facilities in Alaska, of which Ketchikan is one.
The contract addresses transport and delivery to one or more approved treatment/storage/disposal
(TSD) facilities in the Pacific Northwest. Current disposal practices at Base Ketchikan include the
containment and shipment offsite of all bilge waste, waste oils, spent batteries, used blasting grit,
spent solvents, paint wastes, and miscellaneous hazardous wastes through the hazardous waste disposal
contract.

2.3.2 Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management
Unusable and surplus equipment and usable scrap materials are handled through the Defense
Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) in Anchorage. The DRMO may find a use for the
material and coordinate with Base Ketchikan for its delivery to the federal facility which needs it.
The DRMO generally manages only large unused or broken down equipment, and seems reluctant to
manage scraps and equipment or materials with small dollar values.

Solid waste is disposed of at the Ketchikan solid waste landfill, located about one-half mile from the
Base. Three 2-1/2 cubic yard dumpsters on Base accumulate cardboard, packing materials, paper,
discarded containers, food waste, nonhazardous industrial waste, and other miscellaneous trash.
Tongass Sanitation collects the trash from the dumpsters and hauls it to the landfill three times per
week. Additional material may warrant hauling on an unscheduled basis by the Coast Guard, which
hauls discarded material and scrap equipment in a pickup truck to the landfill.

Recently, the Executive Officer installed recycling bins for aluminum cans next to the pop machines
in a few locations on the Base. This is the first recycling effort to be initiated at the facility.

Contaminated medical waste is delivered to Ketchikan Hospital in special biohazard bags, where it
is incinerated. Expired Pharmaceuticals are disposed in one of three ways: injectibles are taken to
the Ketchikan hospital and exchanged for new products; tablets are disposed of in the biohazard bags;
and controlled substances and liquids are flushed into the sewer system.
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2.3.3 Sanitary Waste Management
Base Ketchikan sends all of its sanitary waste into the city sewer system, for which it is charged a flat
rate. Coast Guard vessels usually retain their sanitary waste and gray water in holding tanks until
they return to the Base where they are pumped directly into the sewer.

2-4 WASTE GENERATION BY UNIT AND AREA
The major waste streams generated at Base Ketchikan are:

Blasting waste
Bilge waste
Waste oil
Batteries
Paint waste
Solvents
Antifreeze
OBA canisters
Paper
Glass, aluminum, plastic.

Contributions to several of these waste streams are made by different processes and functional units.
Brief descriptions of each shop or unit's operations and significant wastes generated are presented in
the following paragraphs. This information is based on interviews with shop and unit personnel and
is not based on sampling or other sources.

2.4.1 USCGC Planetree
The Planetree is a 180-foot buoy tender with twin diesel engines and a single screw. It is used to haul
out and replace buoys, and to do some buoy maintenance on board. Each engine uses 20 gallons of
Nalcool (an engine protectant) and 480 gallons of water. The coolant mixture is changed out every
two years, normally while the ship is in the shipyard for repairs or maintenance. Base Ketchikan does
not normally receive this coolant waste. Bilge is run through an oil/water separator on board and the
water is pumped overboard. The oil is retained in a 500-gallon holding tank, then drummed when
the vessel is docked. Approximately 50 to 100 gallons of this oil/diesel/water mixture is generated
per month and transferred to Base Ketchikan, where it is prepared for shipment offsite as hazardous
waste.
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The engines each use 80 gallons of lubricating oil. Samples are sent out periodically to a lab for
testing. When the samples indicate that the oil is no longer adequate, the oil is changed. Used oil is
drummed and disposed as hazardous waste by the Base, approximately once a year. The ship's
generators use seven gallons of oil each. The oil is changed every 250 hours of operation, or about
once per quarter. This oil is pumped into the bilge oil tank. According to the Planetree's Engineering
Officer, this oil could be separated from the other bilge oil and handled separately, but the current
setup combines the two.

Three types of batteries are collected from the aids to navigation (ATON) and other units serviced
by the Planetree. They are two types from ATON buoys and towers (both solar-powered), and one
type of lead-acid battery which resembles a car battery. These are separated by type and placed in
plastic totes, which are then disposed as hazardous waste from Ketchikan.

Currently, trash generated on board is bagged and placed in a dumpster at the Base. According to
the Engineering Officer, paper trash could be separated on board from aluminum cans but currently
this is not the practice.

Sewage is collected in a sewage tank, then pumped into the sanitary sewer system at Ketchikan (or
another port) when the ship is docked. Gray water is held separate from the sewage, and can be
pumped overboard, but ordinarily it is also sewered. The Planetree has the capability of making fresh
water, but ordinarily does not use the system. USCG policy restricts the use of water distillation units
when the ship is within 12 miles of shore.

2.4.2 USCGC Naushon
The Naushon is a twin-engined 110-foot cutter, whose primary functions are law enforcement and
search and rescue. Occasionally, the Naushon will also perform ATON maintenance functions. The
vessel's diesel engines each use 85 gallons of lubricating oil which is changed three times per year
(every 500 hours of operation). Each engine uses 120 gallons of coolant, a 30 to 50% mixture of
Paxcool (engine protectant) and water. The coolant is replaced every two years and disposed as
hazardous waste from Ketchikan.

The Naushon does not have an oil/water separation unit on board. The vessel generates approximately
200 gallons of bilge per quarter, which is pumped into drums at Ketchikan and disposed as hazardous
waste. The only degreasing agent currently used on board is "Simple Green," a biodegradable
emulsifying cleaner.
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Trash is collected on board in large plastic trash bags and disposed in a dumpster on Base. There is
no separation of paper or aluminum wastes.

The Naushon's sanitary waste and gray water is retained on board in separate holding tanks until they
can be pumped into the sewer at Ketchikan or another port.

2.4.3 Station
Station, formerly known as the Boat Operations Department, is responsible for maintenance and repair
of vessels above the waterline. The Industrial Department is responsible for all boat maintenance and
repair below the waterline and all sandblasting operations. According to the Station shop head,
lubricating oil on the two Ketchikan-based vessels maintained by Station is replaced every 100 hours
of operation. Reduction gear oil is changed once per year. Each vessel generates approximately 14
gallons of used oil per quarter. Antifreeze or coolant solution is replaced every two years, at a
minimum. Station collects roughly one drum of used antifreeze solution per quarter which is disposed
as hazardous waste. Bilge waste is pumped and drummed by Station, totaling about two drums per
quarter. A small parts washer located in the shop uses a Stoddard-type solvent, and generates about
10 gallons of spent solvent per year. "Simple Green" is also used as a general solvent/cleaner.
Occasionally, liquid paint remover is used on the boats, resulting in paint wastes including thinner,
paint sludge and solids.

2.4.4 Industrial Carpenter Shoo
The Industrial Department is comprised of six shops, as outlined in Table 2-1, one of which is the
Carpenter Shop, responsible for wooden structures and signs. The primary waste from the Carpenter
Shop is sawdust, which is piped by vacuum from each machine to a cyclone separator, and disposed
as solid waste (in the landfill). On Base, some spray paints and lacquer are used. A large vacuum heat
press is located in the Carpenter Shop for the construction of sea and land-based "day boards"
(navigational signs). Vapors from the press are vented to the outside. Scrap wood is left in a bin in
the shop, and employees can take scraps for their home use.

The carpentry staff often travels in support of the entire 17th Coast Guard District. Several shop
personnel are certified to perform asbestos removal. Any asbestos related work at Base Ketchikan
is conducted by the Carpenter Shop.
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2.4.5 Industrial Machine Shop
The Industrial Machine Shop is responsible for repair and maintenance of diesel engines, refilling
carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, and for pipefitting activities. According to the foreman, wastes
from this shop include crankcase oil (two drums per year), hydraulic fluid (three to four drums per
year), antifreeze (10 gallons per year), cutting oils, grease, a small amount of paint waste, and spent
solvents and sludges. The shop employs a small parts washer which generates three to four drums per
year of spent solvent ("Chevron 325"). A large parts washer, aptly named the "gunk tank," uses a
heated solution of carbon removing compound to clean oil, grease, and carbon deposits from diesel
engine blocks. The gunk tank holds about 100 gallons of compound and is cleaned out once or twice
per year, producing about 10 gallons of sludge each time. The solvent and sludge are drummed and
disposed as hazardous waste.

2.4.6 Industrial Electrical Shop
The Industrial Electrical Shop services electric motors, starters, generators, and controllers for Base
equipment, equipment at remote sites, and equipment on Coast Guard vessels. The shop uses a
trichloroethane (TCA)-based solvent for cleaning most electrical equipment because it will not
corrode wire or leave a residue. The shop uses less than 55 gallons of TCA per year. Most of this
solvent is sprayed on, generating an airborne waste and not a solid waste. Other wastes generated by
the Electrical Shop include aerosol spray cans, small containers, paper, packing material, styrofoam,
and other miscellaneous non-hazardous wastes.

2.4.7 Electronic Systems Technicians
The Electronic Systems Technicians are responsible for repair and maintenance of radio, radar, and
A/C power equipment. Because of the increasing use of circuit boards rather than individual
components, very little soldering is now done in this shop. Rebuilding of radar antennas usually
involves the use of TCA-based solvents (from spray cans) and paint. Small parts are cleaned in an
uncovered TCA bath (a coffee can), which is drained infrequently. The shop generates one 30-gallon
drum per year of waste solvents.

2.4.8 Telecommunications Technicians
The Telecommunications Technicians service communications-related electronic equipment and
telephones on Base, as well as equipment at LORAN stations and on Coast Guard vessels for which
the Base is responsible. Base equipment includes the switchboard, public address system, and cabling.

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The shop generates little waste, including some scrap wire and cable, a small amount of TCA-based
solvent, and miscellaneous trash.

2.4.9 Industrial Metal Trades Shoo
The Metal Trades Shop, part of the Industrial Department, is responsible for all metalworking
activities, blasting and painting. Metal Trades is subdivided into five areas: Sheet Metal Shop,
Welding Shop, Metal Fabrication, Paint Shop, and the Buoy Shed. Primary activities of the Metal
Trades Shop are buoy overhaul (including blasting, repair, and painting), and vessel hull blasting,
repair, and painting. Scrap metal generated by the Sheet Metal Shop is saved if it appears usable.
Small pieces or unusable shapes are discarded or donated to a local high school. Welding is performed
inside the Industrial Building. The audit team noted that welding fumes may not be adequately
exhausted based on visual observation of welding operations in progress.

When blasting operations are conducted on a vessel in the marine ways, a plastic dropcloth is first laid
on the ground to help contain the paint and blasting grit/dust. The ways is partially enclosed and the
roof extends only partway over the larger cutters. Some blasting grit and paint dust escapes the
confines of the ways and dropcloths, and reaches the sand under the ways and probably the sediments
below the waterline as well. Base personnel reported that the blasting grit is reduced to powder in
a single application, preventing the recycling of it. Paint chips and dust are mixed in with the grit.
The presence of lead, chromium, and other metals in the paint dust can cause the blasting waste to
be designated as hazardous waste. In addition, surface pretreatment compounds have been used in
the past to aid in paint removal. The presence of toxic constituents in these compounds may also
cause blasting waste to be designated as hazardous. After many years of blasting at this location,
blasting waste grit which had escaped retrieval had accumulated on the ground. In 1990, several
thousand pounds of surface soil containing spent grit and paint dust below the ways was excavated
and drummed for hazardous waste disposal.

Designs are currently underway to expand the marine ways to accommodate larger craft and provide
more complete enclosure of vessels, as mentioned in Section 2.1.2.

The buoy shed was refurbished over the fall of 1990. A new blasting booth was constructed which
employs a steel shot blasting and recycling system. After blasting, the shot falls into a central trough
in the concrete floor and is conveyed back into the hopper automatically by a screw conveyor. As
it enters the hopper, the shot is air separated (presumably by cyclone or similar device), partitioning

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the paint dust, steel dust, and reusable shot. The manufacturer of this system (CAB Systems) claims
the shot will endure 200 blasting cycles. Other sources1 state typical rates of five to six cycles before
steel shot breaks down to a point where it becomes too inefficient for reuse.

2.4.10 Public Works Department
Public Works includes four shops, the hazardous waste storage area, barracks, and the gym. The audit
team collected information on waste generation at the Carpenter Shop, Vehicle Maintenance and the
"Hobby Lobby," the Utilities Shop, and the Electrical Maintenance Shop. The operations at these
shops support the Base itself: building upkeep, systems and utilities maintenance, and maintenance
of shore vehicles. The Hobby Lobby provides space and tools for employees to work on their personal
vehicles.

Wastes generated in the Carpenter Shop include wood scraps, sawdust, a small amount of paint waste,
lacquer, adhesive, and packing materials. As in the Industrial Carpenter Shop, sawdust is pulled by
vacuum into a hopper and placed in a dumpster. Almost all of the wastes from this shop appeared
to be landfilled.

Wastes from the Utilities Shop and Electrical Maintenance Shop include scrap pipe and wire, unusable
small metal and plastic electrical parts, and miscellaneous trash. The audit team did not find anyone
in these two shops to interview.

Waste oils, spent antifreeze solutions, used batteries, and solvents are wastes generated by the Vehicle
Maintenance Shop and Hobby Lobby. Accumulation drums for used oil and antifreeze were located
in the shop. A small parts washer was also located in the Vehicle Maintenance area, which used a
petroleum distillate solvent such as Stoddard solvent. According to the head of Vehicle Maintenance,
every effort was made to keep waste oil separate from other wastes in the Vehicle Maintenance Shop.
He operates a waste oil heater in the shop which runs about five months per year, supplying
supplemental heat to the Vehicle Maintenance, Hobby Lobby, and Motor Pool areas in the building.
The waste oil heater has been in place since late 1989. It currently has about 500 gallons of reserve
oil, and cannot accommodate any additional sources of oil from other points on Base. The heater is
thermostatically controlled, and burns approximately one gallon of oil per hour when it is running.
'Phil Tilson, U.S. Technology, Danielson, CT, personal communication 12/5/90; SAIC, Waste
Minimization Opportunity Assessment. U.S. Coast Guard Support Center New York Governor's
Island. New York. August 1990.
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Airless spray guns (Binks Super 1) are used for buoy and hull painting. Several different types of
paint are used, depending on requirements of the painted surface. Some epoxy primers may only be
applied down to 50°F, and therefore cannot be used in the marine ways for painting boats in the
winter. The Paint Shop uses a methyl ethyl ketone (MEK.) based thinner. Waste paints are stored in
a locker with a lock (not always locked) outside the Paint Shop. Solvents and other hazardous wastes
from the vessels are often deposited in the wrong drums, causing mixing of the wastes. An estimated
2 drums of paint slops and thinners are produced per month by the Paint Shop.

When the buoy surface is ready for painting, the first coat of epoxy primer is applied, usually taking
about an hour. This coat dries for about eight hours before the second coat is applied. One primer
is red and the other black to avoid confusion when applying the second coat. Binder coats are then
applied, and finally an all gray rubber coat. Vinyl and enamel paints are used above the water line,
and antifouling paint below the waterline. With proper storage, these paints reportedly have a shelf
life of 6 to 8 years. The estimated quantity of paint used per 30-foot buoy is 24-26 gallons.

Vessel bottoms are now being painted with a rubberized coating instead of the organic antifouling
paint used previously. According to the head painter, approximately 100 gallons of paint are used
to coat one vessel hull. Lighthouses receive three coats of epoxy paint.

Ventilation exhaust filters in the paint room are changed once a month, generating about one drum
of hazardous waste per change. Intake filters are rubberized filters which are replaced every six
months.

2.3.11 Medical/Dental Department
The Base medical center includes a pharmacy, out-patient clinic, and dental office and laboratory.
Expired Pharmaceuticals are either exchanged for fresh products or disposed of appropriately (Section
2.3.2). Waste from medical procedures are deposited in a biohazard bag, two of which (about 75%
filled) are delivered to the Ketchikan Hospital every week, where they are incinerated. Sharps are
placed in special sharps containers. About one quart of acetone is used per year. Live viruses (from
cultures) are injected with acetone, then autoclaved. No laboratory analyses are performed on the
Base other than blood cell counts, cultures, and urinalysis. Blood is sent offsite for any other
additional analysis. No medical x-rays are performed at the medical center.
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Dental X-rays are produced onsite. The developing machine employs an automatic replenishment
system that eliminates the need to change out developer and fixer solutions. About three gallons of
Kodak developer/fixer are used per week. Rinsate goes directly into the sewer drain. In addition
to these chemicals, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is used in the dental area (about one gallon per week
of a 10:1 solution in water). Very small amounts of mercury amalgam and other dental compounds
are disposed of as hazardous waste.

2.3.12 Gallev
The Galley, operated by a contractor (currently "Big Boy") contains a kitchen and dining areas and
serves all Base personnel. The Galley is under the direction of the Supply Department. Government
issue caustic cleaners are no longer used in the kitchen and dining areas. Approximately one gallon
of highly concentrated grease stripping product ("Grease Strip" by Ecolab) is used per year. One
gallon per week of a standard kitchen degreaser is also used. The filters in the hood are cleaned three
times per week with a degreaser.

"Solid Power" is used in the dishwasher (an industrial Hobart "Sanitizer"). Dishwasher operations
include a prewash and post rinse. A 150 ppm chlorine additive is used for sanitary purposes.
Approximately three cups per week of lime remover is used to descale the dishwasher. Floor soaps
are used for scrubbing the floor. Chlorine bleach is used regularly. The floors are stripped and
waxed periodically. Most cleaning is done with rags which are washed and reused. Spills are cleaned
up with paper towels.

Tin cans discarded by the Galley are used by Industrial. Aluminum foil is avoided. Cardboard boxes
are flattened and not reused, filling half a dumpster per week. Slop food is disposed in the trash and
landfilled. The kitchen used to provide food wastes to a local pig farmer, but this is no longer an
option. Apparently neither the Base nor the local landfill has pursued composting of food wastes.
Stored food is rotated, and usually offered at two meals once prepared. The Galley estimates that less
than 1% of prepared foods are disposed in the garbage.

Approximately six pots of coffee are made daily. Paper cups are now provided for coffee that is
carried out of the dining room.
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2-4.13 Administration
The Administration Building houses the Base administrative staff, switchboard, and radio
communications facility. The major wastes generated there are white paper and miscellaneous trash.
No figures were available for the base-wide consumption of paper. There are eight or nine copying
machines on Base, three of which are used by Industrial. There are also about eight laserjet printers
(Canon) on the Base. LaserJet cartridges are replaced at a rate of about four per machine per year.
•
Spent cartridges are disposed of in the trash and landfilled.

2.4.14 Procurement
Supplies are purchased in several ways at Base Ketchikan. Purchase orders can be initiated by any
of the functional departments. All orders go through the Base Comptroller. Most materials are
ordered through the federal supply system. (The Base has no control over the brand, quality, or toxic
nature of goods ordered through the government supply system.) The excess property list is first
consulted to identify whether the material could be procured from another facility, and whether it
could be delivered by the required date. Special orders may be placed through commercial suppliers
if justified, usually because of the non-availability of government-issue equivalent, or if time
constraints preclude waiting for government-issue supplies. In addition, materials may be obtained
from the "83 stock" or through "SF44" authority, explained below.

The Base currently enjoys an annual $74,000 supply fund, called "83 stock," which is used to purchase
items commonly used on base or for which a need can be anticipated in advance. The "83 stock" is
stored in the warehouse on base and can be accessed much more quickly than ordering supplies
through the federal supply system. Approximately 75% of the current inventory is paint. Coast
Guard Headquarters is considering reducing this fund to $16,000 per year because the turnover rate
is so low (30% per year on a cost basis). The base Comptroller believes the "83 stock" is underutilized
because potential users are not acquainted with the system and may not realize what materials are in
stock. An explanatory letter has been sent to all units to help inform base personnel.

"SF44" authority is provided only to large vessels to purchase items commercially rather than through
government supply. This allows the unit to make purchases away from its home port or other
government supply depots.

All purchased goods received by the facility are delivered to the warehouse. This includes goods
purchased for other Coast Guard units and stored at Base Ketchikan until pickup is accomplished.

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Goods are distributed to pallets in the warehouse marked with the shop which ordered the supplies.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are generally provided for all new materials.

In some instances, goods are available only in large quantities, resulting in the delivery of a case of
paint, for example, when only one 12 ounce can was needed. This can result in excess quantities of
material in storage; limited storage space or inadequate storage may lead to product degradation or
exceeding the product's shelf life, resulting in the disposal of unusable goods. Shelf life problems
seem to be especially critical for paints. In the past, paints have been stored in unheated lockers and
ruined by freezing. This paint is disposed of as hazardous waste. The new paint storage facility will
be heated.
2.5 POTENTIAL BARRIERS TO WASTE MINIMIZATION AT BASE KETCHIKAN
In any situation, there may be barriers of one sort or another that can impede the attainment of stated
objectives. In attempting waste minimization, Base Ketchikan is no exception. It appears that federal
facility commanders have the ultimate liability and responsibility for proper waste disposal, but this
authority does not always include the authority and funding to manage a waste handling or
environmental protection program effectively. Some things are simply not within the control of the
Base decisionmakers, and economics are not necessarily the driving force behind change, as they often
are in the private sector. It is important, nonetheless, to identify the barriers in the hopes that they
may be overcome. Following is a list of potential barriers that could affect the implementation of
waste minimization alternatives at Base Ketchikan.
Labor
• In some areas, Base Ketchikan is short-handed; alternatives that would require
additional labor hours may not be attractive.
• Long-held practices or traditions may be resistant to change.
• Morale and time/efficiency pressures can affect general housekeeping attitudes and
practices.
• Some options may be perceived as being infeasible or impractical because of former
experience with an older technology; many waste minimization technologies have
experienced accelerated improvements over the past two or three years.
• Lack of specific training for employees and lack of information on available waste
minimization options can impede attempts at waste reduction.
910521.0150 j .,
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc /-

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• Turnover in the hazardous materials coordinator position and collateral duties assigned
to that position may lead to discontinuity in a waste minimization program and a lack
of emphasis on the importance of a fully integrated waste- minimization/management
program.

Procuremept

• There is no connection between material procurement and waste management;
alternatives that reduce disposal costs may not be recognized because they may not
reduce procurement costs. And vice versa, options that reduce procurement costs may
not be recognized because they may not reduce disposal costs.

• Likewise, a purchase order in the federal supply system cannot necessarily specify a
recycled material or a product of lower toxicity.

• Product substitutions may be difficult if they cannot be obtained through the federal
supply system.

Accounting and Administration

• Costs and benefits of waste minimization options do not all accrue to the Base. CEU
Juneau pays for hazardous waste disposal; Ketchikan pays for new equipment,
materials, and training.

• Some alternatives may be perceived as being too expensive despite their positive fiscal
benefits.

• Contractual agreements may hinder implementation of some waste reduction
alternatives.

• Administrative effort, such as creating additional contracts, may hinder waste
reduction options.

• Waste minimization tracking may be a difficult task, due in part to some of the issues
mentioned above.

• Some decisions may lie outside the purview of the Base command or CEU Juneau.

Despite these potential constraints, because the Coast Guard at Base Ketchikan and CEU Juneau are

genuinely interested in pursuing waste minimization alternatives, effective strategies can be developed

to achieve pollution prevention goals. As the benefits of waste reduction become better understood,
in the future some of the larger issues, such as procurement within the federal supply system, might
be addressed on a Coast Guard-wide basis. A waste minimization task force has recently been

established at Coast Guard Headquarters to evaluate waste minimization opportunities and plan for

future waste minimization activities.

910521.0150 0 lfi
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc Z~IC

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2.6 POTENTIAL AIDS TO WASTE MINIMIZATION AT BASE KETCHIKAN

Where there exist potential barriers to waste minimization at Base Ketchikan, there are also potential

aids. These include current management attitudes, documentation systems in place, and specific

activities or equipment already implemented that will facilitate a base-wide reduction in waste

generation. The are briefly described below.

Administration

• Both the Base Commander and the Executive Officer are in favor of establishing a
waste minimization program at Base Ketchikan.

• Many of the Coast Guard and civilian staff are aware of environmental issues and
recognize the need for and benefits of waste minimization.
CEU Juneau is actively pursuing waste minimization management alternatives which
may benefit Base Ketchikan.
Labor
• A position of hazardous materials coordinator has already been established and filled
at Base Ketchikan.

• In at least one of the shops on base, a waste coordinator has been designated to oversee
the collection and handling of wastes in that particular area.

• Use of the hazardous waste transfer sheets on the Base provides for better
identification of wastes, serves to heighten awareness among all personnel about
handling hazardous waste, and provides a basis for tracking waste minimization
progress.
Activities and Equipment

• The new blasting booth employing a steel shot blasting and recycling system is
anticipated to reduce blasting waste from the buoy shed significantly over previous
levels.

• Changing from toxic lead-based paints to non-toxic coatings Coast Guard-wide will
help minimize paint wastes and paint removal/blasting wastes significantly. Though
the overall quantity of wastes may be unchanged, the toxicity of these two waste
streams will be considerably reduced.

• Replacement of ATON batteries with the new solar-rechargeable types will reduce
battery wastes significantly, due to the longer life of the solar-powered batteries (five
years vs. two to three years for the non-solar batteries).

• Use of products like "Simple Green" instead of chlorinated degreasers/cleaners also
helps reduce the toxicity of the solvent waste stream.

910521.0150 - 1Q
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc Z-iy

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         Aluminum  can recycling bins have been placed near several of the pop vending
         machines on the Base.

         Used oil from the Vehicle Maintenance Shop and Hobby Lobby is being burned for
         energy recovery in a waste oil heater located in the Industrial building. Experience
         is being gained with a non-disposal option for used oil.
910521.0150
sl/ketchikan/uastenrin.doc

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3.0 ASSESSMENT PHASE RESULTS

3.1 SUMMARY OF BASE-WIDE HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION
In assessing the generation of hazardous waste from Base Ketchikan, the audit team reviewed several
sources of data and prepared summaries from the hazardous waste transfer sheets and delivery orders.
Hazardous waste transfer sheets are available for calendar year 1989 and from January to August
1990. These transfer sheets are used internally by Base personnel to facilitate the identification,
labeling, and handling of wastes generated at the various shops when they were conveyed to the
hazardous materials coordinator, who subsequently prepares the hazardous waste for shipment offsite.
The transfer sheets identify the source of the waste, the quantity, type of waste, type of container,
date of transfer, and provide space for comments. An example hazardous waste transfer sheet is
provided in Figure 3-1.

Summary and analysis of the hazardous waste transfer sheet information revealed that the data contain
inherent uncertainties for the following reasons.

• Personnel completing the sheets were not uniform in their interpretation of what
information was requested on the sheets.
• Personnel completing the sheets occasionally did not fully identify the type of waste
and/or the quantity being transferred.
• Terms used for describing the types of waste were not uniform. For example, waste
oil was described as "contaminated waste oil," "waste oil," "oil, diesel, and water,"
"9250," and "water-oil mixture." Oil, diesel, and water could be unseparated bilge
waste, containing approximately 95% water, or it could be an oil/diesel mixture with
a small amount of water in it. Therefore, summary estimates of particular waste
streams required interpretation of waste descriptions which could affect the waste
category in which they were included.

Although not 100% accurate, the transfer sheets were the best source of information for characterizing
hazardous waste generation from each shop. The delivery orders (shipment invoices) provided no
information on the source of the wastes, but provided actual quantity and disposal cost data for each
of the waste categories base-wide.

Delivery orders for hazardous waste shipments were available for January through August 1990.
These documents provided exact cost data for disposal of various waste categories for three shipments.
Comparison of these data with those developed from the transfer sheets revealed some differences

910521.0150 , .
sl/ketchikan/wasteimn.doc •*

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                      U.  S.  COAST GUARD GROUP KETCHIKAN
                       HAZARDOUS HASTE TRANSFER SHEET
GENERATOR:
RECEIVER:
DATE:
                                               PHONE NR:
                                               PHONE NR:
                           LOCATION:
                                                           TIME:
DELIVERED  BY:
                 [ Print Name & Sign ]
                                                       [ Rate  /  Rank  ]
***********!
CONTAINER INFORMATION
NR:
                                         TYPE:
                                                              SIZE:
          MATERIAL:   STEEL    PLASTIC   GLASS   OTHER:
  LID/COVER TYPE:  SCREW LID/CAP  -  RING TOP  -  BUNG  -  SNAP LID/CAP
                     OTHER: _
    GEN DESCR:   COLOR:
                                       MFC OF CONTAINER:
                 ORIGINAL MARKINGS:

                 SECONDARY MARKINGS ;
    CONTENTS:   FULL     3/4     1/2
    PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS:
                1/4
                                                 LESS-1/4
                                                              EMPTY
    ACTUAL / SUSPECTED CONTENTS:
HAZARDOUS CODE / INFORMATION:  COMBUSTIBLE - CORROSIVE - FLAMMABLE- TOXIC
                               REACTIVE - ACUTE HAZARDOUS - EP TOXIC
                               UNCLASSIFIED	REQUIRES ANALYSIS
                               **;
MATERIAL(S) ORIGINALLY USED FOR: 	
DEPT/DIV/SHOP THAT GENERATED ABOVE WASTE:
                  TO BE FILLED OUT BY GRU KTN HAZWASTEMNGR
D.O.T./PROPER SHIPPING NAME: 	
HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASSIFICATION: 	
HAZARDOUS WASTE I.D. NUMBER(S): 	
LABEL(S) : 	
E.P.A. HAZWASTE NUMBER(S)
                                 Figure 3-1

                EXAMPLE HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSFER SHEET
                                    3-2

-------
in total quantities and/or costs calculated for each waste category or type. These differences are
attributable to possible discrepancies in categorization of waste types, missing transfer sheets for some
wastes, misinterpretation of transfer sheet information, errors on the transfer sheets, incorrect
assumptions as to weight or volume of particular wastes, or incomplete descriptions of some wastes.
Despite these differences, both sets of data enable the identification of the significant waste streams
for which minimization efforts could result in substantial cost reductions. In addition, these data are
used in subsequent cost/benefit analyses of various options considered in this report for minimizing
waste production within individual processes.

No attempt was made to reconcile the two data sets, except where estimates of weight and volume
relationships could be revised to more accurately reflect known quantity information. Both sets of
information are useful for the objectives of this report. The transfer sheets provide information as
to the source of wastes (i.e., which shop or vessel generated it) from which we have developed a
overview of unit- and process-specific waste generation. The delivery orders provide an accurate
record of disposal costs for the various waste streams, independent of waste sources. Graphic
illustrations of the overall waste production and costs at Base Ketchikan are presented on the
following pages (Figures 3-2 through 3-15). Key assumptions used in summarizing the data are listed
in Table 3-1. The tabular data used in constructing the graphs are included with each figure.

3.2 SOLID HAZARDOUS WASTES
Figures 3-2 and 3-3 indicate that, of the types of hazardous solid waste produced at Base Ketchikan,
blasting waste represents the greatest quantity. In 1989, an estimated 29 tons of blasting waste were
generated, and in the first eight months of 1990, approximately 37 tons of blasting waste were
produced. Some of the 1990 blasting waste was spent grit and soil excavated from the marine ways.
Spent batteries comprise the second most significant portion of the solid hazardous waste stream,
followed by absorbent and oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA) canisters. Spent OBA canisters are
generated primarily on CG vessels from emergency procedure drills. The canisters contain barium
oxide and are disposed of as hazardous waste. Usually "Scott packs" are used on shore in lieu of OBAs
for emergency drills and operations where breathing units are required. Due to space limitations on
board, OBAs are used on Coast Guard boats and cutters.
910521.0150 , ,
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc

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Table 3-1

DEFINITIONS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS FOR INTERPRETATION OF
HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSFER SHEET DATA

• "Vessels" are all boats and cutters and a light house "ANT 17." The vessels which
transferred hazardous waste to Base Ketchikan in 1989 and through August 1990 are:

CGC Naushon CGC Cape Hatteras
CGC Planetree CGC Firebrush
CGC Cape Carter CGC Conifer
CGC Sweetbrier CGC Elderberry
CGC Woodrush

• "Stations" include Station Ketchikan, Station Juneau, and Loran Station Shoal Cove.

• "Administration" includes administrative offices, medical clinic, and the galley.

• "Industrial" and "Public Works" include all shop areas per Coast Guard
organizational structure (Table 2-1).

• When not specifically stated on the hazardous waste transfer sheets, contents
described as a combination of water, oil, diesel (and antifreeze if present) were
assigned to the "Bilge Waste" category.

• "Paint Waste" includes wasted paint, paint slops, and solvents associated with painting
(i.e., thinner waste).

• "Waste Oil" consists of waste oil that is not contaminated with solvents, other fuels,
antifreeze, or water. If any substances mentioned were identified, the volume of oil
was categorized as "Contaminated Waste Oil."

• "Solvents" include petroleum distillate and halogenated solvents but not thinners.

• "Miscellaneous Hydrocarbons" were usually fuels (gasoline or diesel) or a hydrocarbon
not assigned to other categories.

• The "Unknown" category is for drum contents that were analyzed because
accompanying paperwork was not completed.

• Battery weight totals were calculated based on known weights of specific battery
types. If battery types and quantities were not stated, assumptions were made
consistent with known data.

• Disposal cost data dfi not include transportation fees, overhead, and profit unless
otherwise stated.
3-4

-------
                                  Calendar Year  1989
            Blasting Waste
                  87%
                                                                    Absorbent  0.1%
                                                                   Batteries  12%
                                                            OBA Canisters  0.2%
                                    Total • 67,077 pounds
        All values are in pounds.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
..; Waste Type
Blasting Waste
Batteries
OBA Canisters
Absorbents
Other
BASE TOTAL
Weight (Ibs)
58,520
8,309
159
86
3
67,077
Percentage
87.2
12.4
0.2
0.1
<0.1
99.9
    Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets
    901227.0351
i    8l/ketchikanAable3-2.doc
                                          Figure 3-2

                HAZARDOUS WASTE SOLIDS BREAKDOWN BY WASTE TYPE, 1989
                                   USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                             3-5

-------
                          January - August 1990
       Blasting Waste
             90%
                                                          OBA Canisters
                                                               0.1%
                                                              Batteries  9%

                                                               Other  0.2%
                                                                Absorbent  1%
                               Total  • 83,341 pounds
    All values are in pounds.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
S>Hl:6: Waste Type
Blasting Waste
Batteries
Absorbents
Other
OBA Canisters
BASE TOTAL
Weight (Ibs)
74,727
7,384
955
201
74
83,341
Percentage,; :;::;
89.7
8.9
1.2
0.2
0.1
100.1
Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets

901228.1106
sl/ketchikan/tlg3-3.doc
                                       Figure 3-3

            HAZARDOUS WASTE SOLIDS BREAKDOWN BY WASTE TYPE, 1990
                               USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                        3-6

-------
Figures 3-4 and 3-5 indicate that Industrial is the greatest generator of hazardous solid wastes, which
follows logically because all of the buoy blasting and hull paint removal is done by Industrial. Vessels
represent the second largest generator of solid hazardous wastes, attributable primarily to their
delivery of spent batteries for disposal by the Base.

3.3 LIQUID HAZARDOUS WASTES
Among the liquid hazardous wastes, bilge waste is estimated at 35 to 37% of the total. Miscellaneous
hydrocarbon waste (off-spec diesel fuel and gasoline), contaminated waste oil, and waste oil comprise
from 26 to 46% of the liquid hazardous waste stream in 1989 and 1990. Paint wastes (10-16%),
antifreeze/coolants (1-10%), and solvents (1-8%) are the other significant categories of liquid
hazardous waste, as depicted in Figures 3-6 and 3-7.

From Figures 3-8 and 3-9, we find that the largest generators of liquid hazardous wastes in 1989 and
1990 were:
Vessels 29-42%
Stations 19-37%
Public Works 10-27%
Industrial 11-24%
Administration 0.1-1%
3.4 DISPOSAL COSTS
Currently, the hazardous waste disposal contract is administered by CEU-Juneau for all Coast Guard
. facilities in Alaska. Base Ketchikan is the largest generator of hazardous waste among Alaskan CG
facilities. In fiscal year 1989 (October 1988 through September 1989), the cost of hazardous waste
disposal for wastes shipped from Base Ketchikan totaled $94,000. In fiscal year 1990, Ketchikan's
hazardous waste disposal costs were $166,000. In fiscal year 1991, disposal costs had already reached
$135,000 by December 1990. There were no clear reasons for this rising trend apparent to the audit
team. However, effective waste minimization strategies could certainly help reverse the pattern.

Using the summary data developed from the hazardous waste transfer sheets and the disposal costs
per unit for each waste category from the current disposal contract, we constructed an estimate of
overall hazardous waste disposal costs for calendar year 1989. Figure 3-10 (and Table 3-2) indicate
that in 1989, the most costly waste streams were blasting waste and bilge waste, each comprising
slightly over 20% of the total disposal costs (neglecting transportation and broker's overhead and

910521.0150 .__
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc

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                                Calendar Year 1989
       Industrial  88%
                                                              Public Works  1%

                                                                Stations  3%


                                                              Vessels   8%
                               Total • 67,077 pounds
   All  values are in pounds.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets
,Area
Industrial
Vessels
Stations
Public Works
Admini s trat ion
BASE TOTAL
Weight (Ibs.)
59,174
5,510
2,006
384
3
67,077
Percentage ,
88.2
8.2
3.0
0.6
<0.1
100.0
Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets
901226.0156
sl/ketchikan/lable3-4.doc
                                        Figure 3-4

       HAZARDOUS WASTE SOLIDS BREAKDOWN BY AREA OF GENERATION, 1989
                                   USCG KETCHIKAN
                                          3-8

-------
                             January - August 1990
      Industrial  88%
                                                            Public Works  1%

                                                             Stations  4%



                                                           Vessels   8%
                              Total • 83,341 pounds
    All values are  in pounds.
Values  estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
Area
Industrial
Vessels
Stations
Public Works
Administration
BASE TOTAL
Weight (Ibs)
73,098
6,751
3,050
441
1
83,341
Percentage
87.7
8.1
3.7
0.5
<0.1
100.0
Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets
                                    Figure 3-5

      HAZARDOUS WASTE SOLIDS BREAKDOWN BY AREA OF GENERATION, 1990
                             USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                      3-9

-------
                         Calendar Year 1989
                                            Bilge Waste  37%
 Paint Waste  16%
    Contaminated
    Waste Oil  7%
                                                      Other  3%
                                                      Solvent  8%
                                                Antifreeze  10%
                Waste Oil  14%
                                   Miscellaneous
                                 Hydrocarbons  5%
                     TOTAL VOLUME - 9,536 gallons
All values are in gallons.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
•'!%; '''~ Waste >Type ',,
Bilge Waste
Paint Waste
Waste Oil
Antifreeze
Solvent
Contaminated Waste Oil
Miscellaneous Hydro-
carbons
Other
BASE TOTAL
Volume (gal,) „
3.492
1.494
1.354
993
794
646
476
287
9.536
, - , Percentage "' ,*^*.
36.6
15.7
14.2
10.4
8.3
6.8
5.0
3.0
100.0
     IM> «l«tod tram HuaMout Woto Tnmtar 8h~t»
                               Figure 3-6

      HAZARDOUS WASTE LIQUIDS BREAKDOWN BY WASTE TYPE, 1989
                        USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                 3-10

-------
                        January - August 1990
       Bilge Waste  35%
      Antifreeze
         2%
  Miscellaneous
  Hydrocarbons
       26%
                                                 Solvents  2%
             Paint Waste
                 10%

              Unknown  2%
                                                       Waste Oil  9%
                                               Contaminated
                                               Waste Oil  10%
                                 Other  4%
                     TOTAL VOLUME  • 6,831 gallons
All values are in gallons.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
Waste Type
Bilge Waste
Miscellaneous Hydro-
carbons
Contaminated Waste Oil
Paint Waste
Waste Oil
Other
Solvents
Antifreeze
Unknown
BASE TOTAL
Volume (gal.)
2,393
1,776
701
698
632
299
112
110
110
6,831
Percentage >-
35.0
26.0
10.3
10.2
9.3
4.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
100.0
    Data adapted front Hazardous Watte Transfer Sheet*
                              Figure 3-7

     HAZARDOUS WASTE LIQUIDS BREAKDOWN BY WASTE TYPE, 1990
                       USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                3-11

-------
                              Calendar Year 1989
                                                Stations  38%
        Vessels  42%
                                                          Industrial  11%
                                                 Public Works  10%
                       TOTAL VOLUME - 9,536 gallons
     All values are in gallons.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
Area
Vessels
Stations
Industrial
Public Works
Administration
BASE TOTAL
Vo lume (gal.) i
3,988
3,590
1,046
911
1
9,536
Percentage
41.8
37.7
11.0
9.6
<0.1
100.1
Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets
                                   Figure 3-8

    HAZARDOUS WASTE LIQUIDS BREAKDOWN BY AREA OF GENERATION, 1989
                            USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                    3-12

-------
                              January - August  1990
                 Vessels  29%
    Administration  1%
        Public Works  27%
                                                         Stations  19%
                                                         Industrial  24%
                          TOTAL VOLUME • 6,831 gallons
      All values are in gallons.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
" - 8;ii Area ,.;
Vessels
Stations
Industrial
Public Works
Administration
BASE TOTAL
Volume (gali) m
1,973
1,868
1,608
1,284
98
6,831
5 ; ;: ; Percentage
28.9
27.4
23.5
18.8
1.4
100.0
Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets
                                    Figure 3-9

     HAZARDOUS WASTE LIQUIDS BREAKDOWN BY AREA OF GENERATION, 1990
                             USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                      3-13

-------
profit). In January to August 1990 (Figure 3-11), blasting waste was somewhat more significant than
bilge waste, comprising 34% of the total compared to 18% for bilge. In this year, an unusual amount
of blasting waste was disposed of due to the excavation of surface soils beneath the marine ways,
containing years of accumulated spent grit and paint dust.

Paint waste and waste oil are also expensive waste streams according to the summary data estimates.
In 1989, paint waste represented 12% of the total disposal costs for the year. In 1990, estimated costs
for this waste stream were significantly lower at 7%, explained by the fact that buoy painting was
curtailed while the buoy shed was being remodeled. In 1989, waste oil comprised over 8% of the total
estimated disposal expense, and 5% in 1989. Miscellaneous hydrocarbons (off-spec fuels) represented
the third highest waste stream disposal costs in 1990. This was due in part to the cleanup of a fuel
spill and tank removal at the Base.

Other significant waste streams in terms of disposal costs are, in approximate order of decreasing
expense:
Batteries 7%
Contaminated waste oil 6-7%
Solvents 1-6%
Antifreeze/coolant 1 -6%
OBA canisters 2-4%
The values discussed above represent estimates based on the transfer sheet data. Delivery orders for
1989 and 1990 showed significantly higher actual overall expenses for hazardous waste disposal. (Note
that the transfer sheet data do not include transportation costs or broker's overhead and profit.) Four
shipments of hazardous waste from Base Ketchikan in 1989 totaled $148,000. From January to
August 1990, three shipments of hazardous waste from Base Ketchikan resulted in total billings of
$253,000.

Figure 3-12 and Table 3-3 present the breakdown of actual disposal costs by waste category from
1989 delivery orders. The most expensive category is hazardous waste solid, comprised almost entirely
of blasting waste, totaling $46,000 in disposal costs. Second to hazardous waste solid is waste
910521.0150 3_14
sI/ketchikan/wastenri n.doc

-------
                          Calendar Year 1989
      Contaminated
      Waste Oil 6%
   Waste Oil  8%

 Miscellaneous
Hydrocarbons  3%
     Solvents  6%
                      Bilge  Waste 22%
           Batteries 7%
                                               Other 3%
                                                    Paint Waste  12%
             OBA Canisters
                   4%
             Antifreeze  6%
                                        Blasting Waste 23%
                         Total Cost • $103,958
All values are in dollars.
Values estimated from hazardous
waste transfer sheets.
                               Figure 3-10

         ESTIMATED DISPOSAL COST OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FROM
                  TRANSFER SHEET INFORMATION, 1989
                                 3-15

-------
Table 3-2
ESTIMATED DISPOSAL COSTS FOR EACH HAZARDOUS WASTE TYPE
AT USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
Waste Type
Blasting Waste
Bilge Waste
Paint Waste
Waste Oil
Batteries
Solvents
Antifreeze
Contaminated Waste Oil
OBA Canisters
Miscellaneous Hydro-
carbons
Other
Absorbents
BASE TOTAL
1989 Cost
$ 23,408
22,698
12,475
8,801
7,063
6,630
6,455
6,092
4,500
3,094
2,708
34
$103,958
1989 , '
percentage '
22.5%
21.8
12.0
8.5
6.8
6.4
6.2
5.9
4.3
3.0
2.6
<0.1
100.0%
1990 Cost
$29,891
15,555
5,828
4,108
6,276
935
715
6,610
2,100
11,544
3,635
382
$87,579
1990
Percentage
34.1%
17.8
6.7
4.7
7.2
1.1
0.8
7.6
2.4
13.2
4.2
0.4
100.2%
Data adapted from Hazardous Waste Transfer Sheets
910522.1102
sl/ketchikan/table3-2.doc
3-16

-------
                        January - August 1990
             Contaminated
             Waste Oil  8%
Bilge Waste  18%
      Waste Oil  5%
Blasting Waste  34%
                              Solvents  1%
             Other  5%
                                                     Paint  Waste 7%

                                                      Antifreeze  1%


                                                      Batteries  7%
               OBA Canisters
                    2%
                                             Miscellaneous
                                            Hydrocarbons  13%
                          Total Cost •  $87,579
All values are in dollars.
     Values estimated from hazardous
     waste transfer sheets.
                              Figure 3-11

        ESTIMATED DISPOSAL COST OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FROM
                 TRANSFER SHEET INFORMATION, 1990
                                 3-17

-------
flammable liquid, including bilge waste, miscellaneous hydrocarbons, and antifreeze/coolants3 at
nearly $39,000. Paint waste and paint waste related categories follow, totaling almost $15,000.
Batteries represent over $13,000 in disposal costs, followed by OB A canisters and waste oxidizing
material at $10,000.

Figure 3-13 illustrates the breakdown of actual disposal costs by waste category for partial calendar
year 1990 from shipping invoices. Waste flammable liquid is by far the most costly, totaling $83,000.
Included in this category are bilge waste, miscellaneous hydrocarbons, and antifreeze/coolants.
Hazardous waste solid, comprised almost entirely of blasting waste, followed at $39,000 for disposal.
Contaminated waste oil and paint waste disposal cost $11,000 and $10,500, respectively. Disposal of
batteries came to $7,400. Disposal of PCB transformers and capacitors (not documented on hazardous
waste transfer sheets) totaled $7,200. Miscellaneous RCRA wastes cost about $6,000, and disposal of
spent OBA canisters totaled $2,700.

The hazardous waste disposal contract is currently held by a waste broker (Oil Spill Consultants, Inc.,
Anchorage), who works with one or more treatment/ storage/disposal facilities in Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho. Contract terms reveal that some wastes are far more costly to dispose of than
others. Table 3-4 lists the per unit disposal costs for all of the waste categories in 1990. (The 1989
disposal contract employed a different broker, Glean, Inc., and different disposal rates.)

On top of disposal costs, the broker adds 10% overhead. Transportation is figured on a per trip basis,
where a "trip" is defined as two Conex vans (semi-trailer loads). Each van can hold up to 40 drums.
To the disposal, overhead, and transportation costs, the broker adds 10% profit. Table 3-5
summarizes the per drum (or per tote) disposal costs for common wastes generated at Base Ketchikan,
including transportation costs and the broker's overhead and profit.

Figures 3-14, 3-15, and Table 3-3 illustrate the breakdown by category of actual waste disposal costs
for 1989 and 1990, including transportation, overhead, and profit. Transportation costs are second
only to waste flammable liquid disposal expense in 1990. Profit and overhead costs in 1990 exceed
all but the two highest waste categories. Differences in the 1989 and 1990 hazardous waste disposal
3Bilge waste is very likely not flammable and not necessarily a hazardous waste. Waste oil and
antifreeze are also not automatically hazardous wastes. Under the new TCLP ruling, these wastes
could be designated as characteristic wastes. However, used oil is readily recycled and should be
viewed as a valuable resource.
910521.0150 3_jo
sl/ketchikan/uastemin.doc

-------
                 J  35%
              D,S  1%
                  M,N  8%
                                Calendar Year  1989
                                         G,K  2%
                                                       E,F  11%
                                                              A.B.C   10%
                                                                   5%
                                                   H  29%
                              TOTAL  COST • $147,924
    All values are in  dollars.
                                                          Values derived from
                                                          shipping records.
A.B.C
E.F
i
Q.K
 H      • Waste  Flammable Liquid
 J      • Hazardous Waste Solid 	
        Batteries (all typea)
        Paint and Thinner Wastes
        Hazardous Waste Liquid
        Waste  Corrosive Liquid and
	Waste_.ORM-A	
 N      • OBA Cannlsters
 M      • Waste  Oxidizing Material
 D.S    • Miscellaneous RCRA Wastes
                                  Figure 3-12

             ACTUAL DISPOSAL COSTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
                       FROM SHIPPING RECORDS, 1989
                          USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                     3-19

-------
Table 3-3
ACTUAL HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS
FOR USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
Calendar Year 1989 and January- August 1990
(Data from delivery orders)
;%4st*er
^--^Coete
A, B. C
E
f
G
K
H
D
S
I
J
M
N
0
R
0
P
T

.. Classification
Batteries (all types)
Waste Paint
Uaste Paint Related
Waste Corrosive Liquid
Uaste ORH-A
Waste Flammable Liquid
Waste Battery Fluid
Misc. RCRA Wastes
Hazardous Waste Liquid
Hazardous Waste Solid
Waste Oxidizing Material
Waste Oxidizing Material
Waste PCB Transformers
Waste PCB Capacitors
Overhead
Profit
Transportation
TOTAL
Waste
Type(s)
Batteries
Paint Waste
Paint Waste
Solvents

Bilge.
Miscellaneous
Hydrocarbons,
Antifreeze


Contaminated
Waste Oil
Blasting Waste

OBA Canisters






1989 ,;
Quantity
8,440 Ibs
483 gal
1,995 gal
335 gal
55 gal
7,380 gal
169 gal
110 gal
38 Ibs
1,455 gal
96,200
Ibs
~56 gal
447 ea








4 trips
4
shipments
4989
/ Cost
*U,$.
dollars)
$13,315
3,884
10,953
1.404
584
38,745
722
741
6,097
46,176
781
8,940








15,000
$147.924
1990
Quant fty
9,035 Ibs
387 gal
876 gal
201 gal


12.765
gal
4 gal
152 gal
4,631 Ibs
1,165 gal
97.800
Ibs
225 gal
27
385 Ibs
335 Ibs


8 trips
3
shipments
1990
Cost
(U.S.
dol lars)
$ 7.360
3,231
7,315
1,678


82,973
41
5,918
10,986
39,120
1,391
2,700
6,661
603
15,805
17.385
49.544
$252,711
NOTE: Data used in Figures 3-12 and 3-13
910523.0400
sl/ketchikan/table3-3.doc
3-20

-------
r
                            January - August 1990
                                                       J  23%
                               M  & N  2%
                      E.F.G.K  7%
                                                                      D &  S  4%
                             H  49%
                                     TOTAL COST  «  $252,711
            All values are in dollars.
                                                       Values derived from
                                                       shipping records.
    H     • Waste Flammable Liquid
   _J	•_Hazardous_Waste Solid
    A.B.C  • Batteries Tall types)
    E.F    • Paint and  Thinner Wastes
    I      • Hazardous Waste Liquid
    G.K    • Waste Corrosive Liquid and
   	Was«e_ORM-.A	
    N
    M
    D.S
    Q.R
• OBA Cannlsters
• Waste Oxidizing Material
* Miscellaneous RCRA Wastes
• PCB Wastes
                                           Figure 3-13

                       ACTUAL DISPOSAL COSTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                FROM SHIPPING RECORDS, 1990
                                    USCG BASE KETCHIKAN
                                             3-21

-------
contracts are evident from these graphs, as are the variations in relative magnitude of costs among
waste categories.

3.5 SELECTION OF PRIORITY WASTE STREAMS
From examination of the data illustrated in Figures 3-2 through 3-15 and in the appurtenant tables,
the audit team identified the priority hazardous waste streams, which are the focus of the remainder
of this report. Quantity of waste generated, disposal costs, and relative toxicity were the criteria
considered in the selection process. A secondary criterion was the availability of waste reduction
options. In the future, the Coast Guard may find it valuable to consider other aspects such as future
regulatory action in addition to waste quantity, disposal cost, toxicity, and availability of waste
reduction options in prioritizing wastes for pollution prevention activities. Reduction of waste
generation at its source is the preferred objective. Waste minimization options for nonhazardous solid
waste streams are addressed in Section 4.8. The priority hazardous waste streams are, in approximate
order of importance:

Bilge waste
Blasting waste
Waste oil
Paint waste
Solvents
Antifreeze/coolant
Batteries.

In the following chapter, a variety of options for reducing waste production, improving waste
management, and reducing hazardous waste disposal costs are presented for each of the waste streams
listed above.
910521.0150 3_22
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc

-------
Table 3-4
CONTRACT DISPOSAL RATES PER UNIT (1990)
Category
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
Description
Waste battery, wet, filled with acid
Waste battery, wet, filled with alkali
Waste battery, dry, filled with potassium hydroxide
Waste battery fluid, acid
Waste paint
Waste paint, related
Waste corrosive liquid, n.o.s.
Waste flammable liquid, n.o.s.
Hazardous waste liquid, n.o.s.
Hazardous waste solid, n.o.s.
Waste ORM-A, n.o.s.
Waste mercury, metallic
Waste oxidizing material
Waste oxidizing material, n.o.s., OBA canisters
Waste fuel, aviation
Waste PCB oil (over 500 ppm)
Waste PCB transformers, PCB incinerator
Waste PCB capacitors, PCB incinerator
Misellaneous RCRA type wastes
Price per Unit
$0.80/lb
$0.90/lb
$0.90/lb
$10.25/gal
$8.35/gal
$8.35/gal
$8.35/gal
$6.50/gal
$9.43/gal
$0.40/lb
$8.35/gal
$0.60/lb
$6.18/lb
$100/each
$2.25/gal
$15.25/gal
$17.30/lb
$1.80/lb
Variable
Transportation:
1 trip = 2 CONEX vans = 80 drums
Trip Cost = $6,193
$6,193/80 drums = $77.41/drum
910522.1021
sl/ketchikan7tbl3-4.doc
                      3-23

-------
Table 3-5
WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS PER DRUM (OR TOTE)
Item
Batteries - Acid
Batteries - Alkali
Paint Wastes
Bilge (waste flamm. liquid, n.o.s.)
Misc. Hydro, (waste flamm. liquid, n.o.s)
Antifreeze (waste flamm. liquid, n.o.s.)
Contaminated Waste Oil (haz. waste liquid)
Blasting Waste (assume 1 ,045 Ibs/drum)
Solvents (Waste ORM-A, n.o.s.)
Other - Haz. waste liquid
Other - haz. waste solid
Per Unit Disposal
Cost
$l,235/tote
$l,368/tote
$641 /drum
$518/drum
$518/drum
$518/drum
$713/drum
$591 /drum
$641 /drum
$681 /drum
variable
SAMPLE CALC0L ATTQNS
BATTERIES, ACID:
I tote = (1,100 lb$X$0.80/Ib) - $880/tote
Transportation: 2f$77,4l) « $154.82 (tote occupies space of 2 drums)
Overhead: 10% 
-------
                                Calendar Year 1989
T
h
o
u
s
a
n
d
s

o
f

D
o
I
I
a
r
s
    50
40
30
20
10
     0
        H
i
i
I i
I I
I
i .
H • Waste Flammable Liquid
T • Transportation
J • Hazardous Waste Solid
A.B.C • Batteries (all types)
E.F • Paint and Thinner Wastes
1 • Hazardous Waste Liquid
Q,K • Waste Corrosive Liquid and
Waste ORM-A _ . _
N • OBA Cannlsters
M • Waste Oxidizing Material
D,S • Miscellaneous RCRA Wastes
Total Cost - $147,924
li I ! I 11 1 H li 1 mi \ mi \
                A.B.C   E,F      I     G,K

                            Cost Categories
N
M
D,S
                 Waste Categories
                                       Non-Waste Categories
                                    Figure 3-14


             1989 HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS FROM SHIPPING RECORDS
-------
     100
                                     January - August  1990
T
h
o
u
s
a
n
d
s

o
f

D
o
I
I
a
r
s
80
60
40
20
                                H     • Wast* Flammable Liquid

                                J     • Hazardous Wast*  Solid
 A.B.C  • Batteries (all types)

 E.F   • Paint and Thinner Wastes

 I     • Hazardous Waste Liquid

 Q,K   • Waste Corrosive Liquid and

	Was_te_PRM-A	

 N     • DBA  Cannlsters

 M     • Waste Oxidizing Material

 D,S   • Miscellaneous RCRA Wastes

 Q.R   • PCB  Wastes
                                                          T • Transportation
                                      Total Cost » $252,711
               i  m   i  m   i
           H      J   A.B.C  E,F
                                  G,K    N     M   D,S  Q,R

                                  Cost Categories
                      Waste  Categories
                                              Non-Waste  Categories
                                             Figure 3-15


                 1990 HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS FROM SHIPPING RECORDS
-------
         4.0  FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF WASTE MINIMIZATION ALTERNATIVES

 4.1   BLASTING WASTE
 Dry blasting is the primary method used to remove paint from hulls of Coast Guard vessels and to
 remove paint and rust from buoys.  Current operations are described below.

 4.1.1 Paint Removal from Vessel Hulls
 Base Ketchikan performs repairs and maintenance on five to ten Coast Guard vessels in the marine
 ways each year. Depainting of both aluminum and steel hulled vessels is accomplished by dry blasting
 using smelter slag media or garnet. Steel shot cannot be used for paint removal on aluminum surfaces
 because it damages the aluminum. When blasting operations are conducted on a vessel in the marine
 ways, "Visqueen" is first laid on the ground to help contain the paint and blasting grit.  The  ways is
 partially roofed and enclosed on two sides. The larger cutters (110 feet) are not fully sheltered by the
 marine ways structure.

 Waste produced consists of powdered blasting media  interspersed with paint chips and dust.  The
 presence of lead, chromium,  or other metals in  the paint dust can cause the waste to designate as
 hazardous by TCLP4. (Note: Levels of arsenic, lead, zinc, and other metals present in some slag
 blasting media have been shown to exceed TCLP limits.) At the marine ways, what can be collected
 of the blasting waste is drummed for disposal.

 Structural improvements of the marine ways are currently in the design stage. Walls will be completed
 on the north, east, and west sides, and canvas can be used to enclose the south end.  A new roof will
 be built about 15 feet higher than the existing roofline, extending from the end of the current roof
 to the stern end of the ways, thereby providing a cover for the larger vessels whose superstructures
 prohibited entry under the original roof.

 Several alternatives for minimizing or managing blasting waste  from paint removal operations at the
 marine ways  were considered, including:
   4TCLP: toxicity characteristic leaching procedure - an analytical method which has replaced EP
toxicity for designation of wastes as hazardous based on leachable constituent concentrations.
910521.0150                                   4_,
sI/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
       • Use lead-free, non-toxic paints
       • Construct a concrete floor for the marine ways with grit collection system
       • Use a geomembrane floor for the marine ways
       • Employ plastic blasting media
       • Retest for hazardous waste designation
       • Recycle nonhazardous blasting waste in asphalt or concrete production
       • Extend maintenance schedule.

 Use Lead-Free. Non-Toxic Paints
 The Coast Guard is beginning  to phase out lead-bearing  paints and paints containing other toxic
 metals. However, until all Coast Guard boats (and buoys) are no longer coated with non-toxic paints,
 removal of paint from vessel hulls (and buoys) will continue to generate a potentially hazardous waste.
 Ultimately, this is the best option for reduction of this waste stream.  Spent blasting grit containing
 non-toxic paint dust (as determined by TCLP) could be landfilled. Ketchikan Public Works stated
 that the landfill would accept, free of charge, nonhazardous spent blasting waste for use as daily cover
 material.  Assuming all spent blasting material could be disposed in this manner, a savings of $30,000
 to $40,000 per year could be realized.

 Construct a Concrete or Geomembrane Floor
 The optimum enclosure for Ketchikan's vessel depainting operations would be a fully enclosed shed
 with a concrete floor, capable of housing a 110-foot cutter.  The floor could be constructed with a
 gentle slope to one central trough or sloped out to two troughs on either side of the ways to facilitate
 the collection and removal of blasting material and paint dust. With this type of arrangement and the
 use of a recyclable blasting medium, less blasting waste would  be released to the environment, and
 the depainting waste stream would be reduced dramatically. The cost of  an entirely new structure
 with blasting  media recycling equipment could cost over  $1,000,000s. Due to the high  cost, this
 option was not considered further for possible short-term  implementation. However, construction
 of only the concrete floor would be much less expensive and provide many of the same benefits as
 a totally enclosed structure.
   5Author's rough estimate.
910521.0150                                   4_2
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
A concrete floor in the marine ways would enable the collection of the blasting material for reuse and
would provide secure footing for the scaffolding equipment and hull blocks. Reusable blasting media
are available, however all types require that the blasting material be relatively dry when applied. The
media must not be mixed with soil, sand, or other contaminants. Construction of a concrete floor
would cost $200,000  to  $400,0005.   Because  the current design plans  for  the  marine  ways
improvements do not include a concrete floor, the additional expenditure of this amount of capital
was considered unlikely at this time.

An improvement over "Visqueen" dropcloths without the expense of a concrete floor would be the use
of 30-mil (or thicker) high density polyethylene (HOPE) to cover the ground at the marine ways.
This material is for more durable than lightweight "Visqueen," is less prone to flapping in the wind
(especially if sandbagged), and could potentially enhance the retrieval of spent grit from blasting
operations in the ways.  Because it can be reused many times, a geomembrane would also reduce or
eliminate the disposal of torn or shredded "Visqueen." HOPE is  a recyclable plastic and, when too
worn for reuse, could be recycled.

Employ Plastic Blasting Medium
Plastic blasting material is an optimal medium for paint removal on aluminum surfaces.  It can be
used on steel, but is not effective for heavy rust removal. On steel, more time may be required for
paint removal than with other (mineral) grits. The primary advantages of plastic blasting material are
its recyclability, controllability, and unique hardness characteristics. Plastic can be reused 20 times
before it breaks down and is rendered ineffective6. Plastic can be applied with such precision that
one layer of paint may be  removed at a time. This could potentially eliminate or reduce the  need to
strip the paint  down to bare metal, thus reducing  both blasting  waste and paint application costs.
Plastic also has the advantage of lighter  weight than mineral or steel particles.  Therefore, disposal
costs can be lower with plastic media, although actual hazardous  materials content (from paint) can
be higher relative to the total quantity of blasting waste due to the higher density of paint dust than
of plastic.

At Base Ketchikan, without suitable means for reusing the abrasive medium at the marine ways, the
substitution of  plastic blasting material might  not provide an advantageous alternative.  However,
should the use  of an HDPE cover prove effective, the  use  of reusable plastic beads for blasting
   6Phil Tilson, U.S. Technology, personal communication, 12/5/90.
910521.0150                                   4_3
sI/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
 aluminum-hulled boats and aluminum superstructures could be cost-effective. Each drum of reused
 plastic medium represents one drum of new grit which does not have to be purchased and disposed
 of.

 Retest for Hazardous Waste Designation
.In order to take advantage of possible recycling/reuse options, a definitive determination should be
 made of the hazardous designation of blasting waste from the marine ways. Should blasting waste be
 shown to be nonhazardous, several reuse alternatives are available. If hazardous, blasting waste will
 require disposal at a permitted disposal facility. Some smelter slag blasting grits contain toxic metals
 at levels high enough to fail the TCLP limits. This material, once a waste, would be designated as a
 hazardous waste even if it had never been used for paint removal. We reviewed laboratory analysis
 records from Base Ketchikan to determine whether its blasting waste was designated as hazardous.
 In 1986, 56 samples of sandblasting grit were analyzed by an environmental laboratory.  Fifty-two
 of  the  samples exceeded EPA  standards (presumably EP  toxicity).   However,  there was  no
 accompanying information indicating what kind of blasting material had been used, nor was there any
 analysis of unused blasting medium.

.In October 1989, two samples of used grit were analyzed by Chemical & Geological Laboratories of
Alaska, Inc., in Anchorage. Neither sample contained high metal levels and neither was designated
as hazardous waste. Again, there was no information available as to the type of grit used. We assume
 these analyses were conducted to verify the designation of the waste.  However, from the transfer
 sheets and waste shipment records, it appeared that all blasting waste was shipped off site as hazardous
 waste following receipt of the test results, as had been the practice previous to the analyses.

 It is quite possible that different blasting media have been used at Base Ketchikan for paint removal
 on both vessels and buoys over the years. The 1986 samples may have represented an abrasive which
 inherently contained high levels of metals before use.  The 1989 samples may have represented a
 cleaner blasting medium such as "Kleen Blast."  In Table 4-1, a chemical analysis of several different
 blasting grits is presented. These data show clearly that metal levels can vary significantly among
abrasive media. (Note: These data represent a compositional analysis, not TCLP results.)
910521.0150                                   4_4
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
Two vendors, both in the field of blasting equipment and supplies, recommended "Kleen Blast" as a
superior blasting grit because of its low metals content7.  This can be an advantage in both worker
safety and disposal aspects.  One source8 claimed that the metal content in the paint dust entrained
in the spent blasting medium usually will not, by itself, cause the waste to designate as hazardous.

If Base  Ketchikan could show through the analysis of representative samples that its blasting waste
is not hazardous, this waste  stream would no longer have to be handled under the hazardous waste
disposal contract and it could be reused or recycled. For example, blasting waste could be used at the
Ketchikan Landfill as daily  cover, therefore disposed of without charge, at an approximate annual
savings  of $30,000 to $40,000 per year. Though this would not reduce the quantity of blasting waste
produced, in effect it would  reduce the toxicity of the waste stream. In the interests of proper waste
handling, blasting waste should not be disposed of as hazardous waste if it is nonhazardous,  and
should be reused or recycled where possible.

Recycle into Asphalt  or Concrete Production
Another possible use of blasting waste, should it be found to be nonhazardous, is to incorporate it in
the local production of asphalt or concrete.  Companies in the Tacoma, Washington area are known
to use this practice, and it might be possible to arrange such an agreement with an asphalt or concrete
supplier in the Ketchikan area.

Extend  Maintenance Schedule
Currently, vessel hull repainting is performed every five years. With changes in paint formulations
forthcoming, and the high costs of hazardous waste disposal, the Coast Guard may wish to re-evaluate
its maintenance schedules. If vessels could be repainted on an every sixth year schedule  instead of
once every five years, 20% savings in both materials and disposal could theoretically be realized. If
the schedule were extended  to seven years, a 40% reduction could theoretically be achieved.

This concept could be similarly applied to buoy  repainting schedules and to  the replacement of
lubricating oils, antifreeze, and other solutions in vessel and base vehicle engines.
   7Bob Olson, Caber Company, Kent, WA, personal communication, 12/7/90; Joe Schmidt, Kleen
Blast Corp., Tacoma, WA, personal communication, 12/7/90.
   Q
    Bob Olson, Caber Company, Kent, WA, personal communication,  12/7/90.

910521.0150                                   4_5
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
Table 4-1
COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF BLASTING GRIT
Firearm's Fund Insurance Companies
Environmental Laboratory
Metals Content, total (mg/kg)
':£-''• Manufacturer
Military Specifications
-Kleen Blast
Copper Blast
Tru Grit Premium Navy
Tuf Kut
Sharp Shot N-60
Green Diamond
Ag:
500
del
del
det
2
<0.4
<4
As
500
det
102
det
517
det
<4
Ba
100,000
213
825
374
445
14
det
Be
75
det
<0.2
det
det
<0.2
<0.2
Cd
100
17
18
24
25
7
2
Co
8,000
37
34
58
12
14
10
Ct
2.500
46
95
35
17
10
283
Cu
2,500
1.900
2.800
1.965
3,114
1,833
4
Hg
20
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
;;: "loll
3.500
det
1,198
det
14
96
det
:i Ni
2,000
15
12
9
5
det
694
Pb
1.000
<4
304
21
835
19
det
Sb
500
<10
det
<10
det
<10
<10
Se
100
<40
<40
<40
<40
<13
<4
Tl
700
<10
<10
40
<10
<10
<10
V
2,400
58
35
50
42
15
4
Zh
5.000
234
843
3.124
123,600
176
11
det = detected but not quantitated
quantitation limit = 0.00033 - detection limit

Data provided by Kleen Blast. 1448 St Paul Ave., Tacoma, WA 98421
Hazen Research, Inc.
Metals Content, total (mg/kg)
Manufacturer
Military Specifications
Kleen Blast
Copper Blast
Tru Grit Premium Navy
Tuf Kut
Sharp Shot N-60
Green Diamond
V*
500
26
278
15
1.710
53
-
Cu
2,500
2,050
5.700
2.670
4.610
4.000
-
Pb ,
1,000
40
920
80
1,570
70
-
2n
5.000
360
2.100
4.600
200.000
640
-
Cr '
2,500
—
—
—
—
—
1.150
Ni
2,000
—
—
_
_
—
1.180
                                          Sampling Methodology: A 100 pound bag of each sandblasting material was purchased from the distributor.  A 1,000 gram sample of each sandblasting material was sent
                                          to the laboratory for a metals analysis.
901227.0859
sl/Ketchlkan/table4-1 .doc
-------
4.1.2 Paint Removal from Buoys
As mentioned previously, a new buoy blasting booth was constructed and brought on-line in January
1991.  The new booth  incorporates a system for blasting and recycling steel shot and will provide
significant reduction in blasting waste due to the multiple reuse of the steel blasting media.  The
manufacturer of this system (CAB Systems, Kent, WA) claims the steel shot can be recycled 200 times.
Other sources9 suggest  that five to six reuses is typical before the steel shot breaks down.  As the new
system is utilized, it will be interesting for the Coast Guard to note the quantity of spent shot and
paint dust which is generated from the new equipment and to compare these levels with previous buoy
paint removal operations. The new equipment is likely to reduce this waste stream significantly from
former levels.

Two possibilities were  considered for waste minimization in buoy depainting:

      •  Plastic blasting media
      •  Magnetic separation of the paint dust from the steel shot.

Plastic Blasting Media
Our research revealed that plastic blasting media are not of sufficient hardness to effectively remove
heavy rust and encrustation on steel buoys. The industry standard for this application is steel shot,
and  the optimum waste reduction follows from multiple recycling of the blasting media. The new
system installed at the Base automates the reuse of steel shot. Actual waste production will depend
on how many times the shot can be recycled before it becomes  unusable or ineffective.

Magnetic Separation
Magnetic separation is one technique for segregating  steel from paint dust.  The  CAB Systems
equipment at Base Ketchikan is equipped with an air-suspension/gravity separation unit which will
separate the lighter paint dust from the heavier steel dust, and segregate the reusable steel shot which
is automatically returned to the hopper for blasting.  Magnetic separation does not appear to have any
advantages in terms of  waste reduction, cost savings, or operational aspects over the newly installed
CAB unit.
   9Phil Tilson, U.S. Technology, CT, personnel communication, 12/5/90; SAIC, Waste Minimization
Opportunity Assessment, U.S. Coast Guard Support Center New York Governor's Island, new York,
August  1990.
910521.0150                                   4__
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4.2   PAINTING VESSELS AND BUOYS
Various types of paints are used throughout the Base, including interior and exterior building paints,
sign paints, spray paints, anti-fouling paints, and paints for vessel and buoy interiors and exteriors.
The largest quantities of paints used are for painting buoys and vessel hulls. Binks "Super 1" airless
spray guns are used in  both of these operations. Boats are painted in the marine ways and buoys will
be painted in the new paint booth in the buoy shed.  Wastes from these operations include volatilized
thinners and overspray, spent thinners, waste paint, and paint slops. According to the head painter,
an estimated 80 to 90% of the liquid paint waste stream (excluding waste from improper storage and
overspray) is generated by cleanup operations.

The following options  were considered for waste minimization  from the major
painting operations. They are discussed in further detail below.

        Use lead-free, non-toxic paints
        Use high volume/low pressure spray guns
        Improve storage practices
        Employ best paint application practices
        Use spray gun cleaning station with recyclable solvent
        Recycle paint wastes through distillation.

4.2.1 Use Lead-Free.  Non-Toxic Paints
The Coast Guard, like the Navy and other defense agencies, has begun to phase out lead-bearing
paints and paints containing other toxic constituents. This change may take several years to complete.
The use of non-toxic paints and non-toxic thinning agents is ultimately the best option for reduction
of hazardous paint wastes. (Total volume of waste may not be affected, but non-toxic paints and
thinners will reduce the toxicity of this waste stream significantly.) In the short-term, however, other
means to reduce waste should be explored.

4.2.2 Use High Volume/Low Pressure Air Guns
According to several studies  of paint application techniques, the estimated transfer efficiency of a
Binks airless gun for painting buoys is 40 to 50%.  This number reflects both the type of surface being
painted and the type of applicator. With flat surfaces, a higher transfer efficiency is attainable. The
significance of this number is that it indicates that 50 to 60% of the paint is not getting to the buoy.
Therefore, roughly half of the paint which  flows through the spray gun is wasted. Solvent in the
paint evaporates as the paint dries, causing an air emission from the process estimated at about 4
pounds per gallon of paint sprayed.
910521.0150                                    4_o
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A new type of paint applicator is available which employs an air compressor and high speed turbine
to mobilize the paint, instead of the conventional high pressure sprayer which relies on the rapid
expansion of air through the nozzle to atomize the paint. Overspray is reduced to about 15% with this
high volume/low pressure (HVLP) air equipment. Therefore, more paint per gallon actually gets to
the painting surface, less paint is used, less paint is wasted, and less solvent evaporates into the air.
These units are being employed in auto body refinishing shops because of their environmental and
economic benefits.  Potential savings  to the Base are approximately $12,250 per year, based on
estimated paint use of 3,000 gallons per year and an average paint cost of $10 per gallon. (Both of
these estimates  are  considered  conservative.   Current  actual annual paint purchases  may  be
considerably higher.) The payback period for this option, neglecting any savings in disposal costs,
is less than 0.1 year, as demonstrated in the cost/benefit analysis in Table 4-2.  In addition, an
estimated reduction of 5,000 pounds per year of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released to the
air could be achieved through the use of HVLP equipment.  Also, ventilation exhaust filters will
probably require less frequent replacement, reducing another solid  waste stream.

4.2.3  Improve Storage Practices
According to the hazardous materials coordinator, a significant quantity of unusable paint is disposed
of annually as hazardous waste.   Some paints are  stored beyond their shelf life and  ultimately
discarded.  Paints  must be stored in  heated space to prevent them from freezing in  the winter in
Ketchikan. The new paint room in the buoy  shed will provide improved storage. This principle
should be applied base-wide, as many shops maintain their own paint lockers.

4.2.4  Employ Best Paint Application Practices
Many studies of spray paint application have shown that operator skill can have a significant effect
on the amount of waste generated from painting operations. The minimization of overspray (the paint
which does not reach the painting surface) is one  of the most important techniques  for  waste
reduction.  In addition, the painting of objects  of the same color at the same time would reduce the
amount of solvent  needed to rinse  the spray gun between colors. Lighter colored objects could be
painted first and darker ones next, potentially reducing the need to rinse the gun between colors.

4.2.5  Sorav Gun Cleaning Station
Paint solvent use and VOC emissions can be significantly reduced with the use of a spray gun cleaning
station which employs an enclosed, recirculating solvent unit for the cleaning of paint spray guns.
910521.0150
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Table 4-2
HIGH VOLUME LOW PRESSURE PAINT SYSTEM
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
ESTIMATED PAINT USE: 3,000 gallons/year
CURRENT PURCHASE COST: Approximate as ($ 1 0/gal) (3,000) - $30,000/year
Amount Applied - 0.5 (3,000) «= 1,500 gallons/year (due to 50% overspray or
"loss")
CAPITAL COST OF HVLP SYSTEM:
MACH 1 HVLP, Model 98-1137
OPERATING COSTS:
Paint Purchase Costs: (1.15) (1,500 gal/yr) ($1 0/gal)
(Assumes 15% overspray)
Replacement Parts
Power Approx. equivalent to current eqpt
Training (none required)
Labor. Approx. equivalent to current levels
TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS
AVOIDED COSTS
Purchase Costs: $30,000 - $17,250 =
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT =
PAYBACK PERIOD = ($1,300) / ($12,250/yr) =
$1,300
$17,250/yr
$500/yr
$17,750/yr
$12,250/yr
$12,250
0.1 yr
NOTE: Cost savings from potentially loner disposal costs are anticipated but can not be estimated at this time.
Savings  in disposal nay result from fewer filter changes in ventilation exhaust and possibly lower amounts of
paint slops and wastes generated.

ASSUMPTIONS:

      •  Estimated paint use is 3,000 gallons per year.  Actual data not available.  Values are
          conservative assumptions chosen to yield "worst case scenario" results.

      •  Average cost of paint is $10.  Probably conservative.  Antifouling paints and specialized
          coatings are typically more expensive.

      •  Current overspray results in 50% paint loss.


NOTE:   Use of 1,275 gallons less paint results in a reduction of 5,100 Ib/year of volatile organic
          emissions to the air.
910522.1025
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The units are available for approximately $500. They prevent the loss of solvent through evaporation,
and provide optimal reuse of solvent for equipment cleaning.  When the solvent is no longer effective,
it can be distilled and reused.  Though exact values were not available for the amount of solvent or
thinner currently used at the Base for spray gun cleaning, a system such as the Lighthall SC 1100 unit
(information in Appendix B) could be economically advantageous, decrease air emissions, and reduce
operator hours spent on cleanup.

4.2.6  Recycle Paint Wastes With  Waste Solvents
An estimated 1500 gallons of waste paint and paint related materials were disposed as hazardous waste
in 1989. Liquid paint and thinner waste can be recycled in a  benchtop distillation system. A similar
distillation unit can also be used for solvents such as trichloroethane (TCA) or Stoddard solvent.  The
equipment would  provide recycled thinner adequate for cleaning use (not for thinning paint) and
produce a sludge. The sludge would be a hazardous waste, but its volume would be far less than what
is currently generated and disposed as paint and  thinner waste.  Section  4.3.4 contains further
information on the distillation option, including a cost benefit analysis.
4.3   SOLVENTS
Base  Ketchikan uses a variety of solvents, including  Stoddard solvent  (a petroleum distillate),
trichloroethane-base solvents, various engine cleaners and degreasers from spray cans, and paint
thinners (primarily methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and epoxy thinners). The primary areas of solvent
usage are the Industrial shops, Station, and Public Works Vehicle Maintenance. There are three small
parts washers on base, and a 100-gallon hot dip tank which employs a caustic solvent. Data collected
from the hazardous waste transfer sheets for calendar year 1989 indicate that nearly 800 gallons of
solvent waste were disposed as hazardous waste.

Several options were considered to reduce the solvent waste stream,  including:

      • Solvent substitution
      • Extending solvent life
      • Employing best management practices
      • Onsite solvent recycling and reuse.
910521.0150                                   4
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4.3.1  Solvent Substitution
There are a multitude of products available that are being marketed as effective cleaners that replace
some of the hazardous solvents commonly in use.  Some areas at the Base have begun to use "Simple
Green," a biodegradable industrial cleaner, instead of more toxic solvents.  In most applications, a
substitute solvent must be tried to determine if it is compatible with the materials being cleaned and
performs its task adequately. A determination should not be made on vendor information alone. In
addition, some products may be less toxic, but are still considered hazardous waste when spent.

Substitutes are available for TCA-based solvents, such as "Micro-C," "Hurri-Safe," "Ameroid OWS,"
"Iso-Prep," "Breakthrough," and others.  Although some of these products exhibit lower toxicity
characteristics, some are  flammable and  when spent, will be designated as hazardous  waste.  In
addition, fire and explosion hazards may be increased.

Stoddard solvent or Chevron 325 may be replaced by solvents which have been created to  meet
regulatory restrictions and be classified as nonhazardous.  Chemically, they may be quite different
from Stoddard solvent and may vary in their effectiveness.  The chemically "stronger" alternatives
may be ignitable. The "weaker" products are not ignitable and are classified as cleaning oil.  If these
solvents are not contaminated with metals or total halogen levels in excess of regulatory requirements,
they can be burned in a waste oil burner.

Nonhazardous solvent substitutes are  usually more expensive to purchase than their  hazardous
equivalents.  However, savings in disposal costs accruing from the  substitution of nonhazardous
solvents for hazardous products could be significant base-wide. Total solvent waste volume in  1989
was about 800 gallons. Due to the  amount of solvent which evaporated during use or was spilled
during transfer between containers, the total quantity of solvents purchased for the year was probably
much higher than this figure.

In the machine shop, the hot "gunk tank" currently uses a carbon removing compound ("P-C-111
Am. 2, Type II," from Octagon Process, Inc.).  Once or twice per year, the tank is cleaned out and the
solvent and sludge  are disposed as  hazardous waste (2 to 4  drums per year).  There are products
available for this type of parts cleaning system which are nonhazardous. For example, one product
called "Hurri-Safe"  (information in  Appendix C), when spent, produces a nonhazardous liquid and
only the sludge (estimated at 10% of tank volume) must be disposed of as hazardous waste.   The
potential savings from this solvent substitution option are outlined in Table 4-3. It might be possible
to use spent caustic solution to neutralize battery acids, as mentioned in Section 4.7.1.
910521.0150                                   4 ,2
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4.3.2  Extending Solvent Life
The useful life of any solvent, whether hazardous or one of the nonhazardous substitutes mentioned
above, can be extended through the use of fairly simple techniques. Using steam or pressure washing
before applying solvent can reduce solvent use and extend its life.  Solvent quality deteriorates as
sludges and contaminants remain in contact with solvent solutions, and as oil builds up in the solvent.
As dirt and sludge accumulate in the reservoirs of parts  washers or dip tanks, solvent life shortens.
Regular removal of sludge or filtration of the solvent can also extend solvent life significantly. Some
sources of filtration equipment claimed that solvents could be used two to three times longer with in-
line circulating filtration units. Small enclosed pressure washing systems can also be used effectively,
eliminating or reducing the need for hazardous solvents.  Information on such systems is contained
in Appendix C.

The manufacturers of the small parts washers now in use at the Base can probably provide filtration
units for very little capital investment. The filters themselves would still require disposal as hazardous
waste, but less solvent would be purchased and the overall waste volume would be reduced.

4.3.3  Employ Best Management Practices
Due to their high volatility, solvents evaporate quickly and a significant waste (though untracked) is
the disappearance  of volatilized solvent into the air.  In addition, product spillage during transfer
from one  container to another can be the greatest source of solvent wastes. Listed below are some
simple procedures that will help minimize solvent loss through evaporation, spillage, and improper
storage.

      • Prevent loss of chemicals through evaporation or spillage by ensuring that container
        lids are replaced and tightened.
      • Use spigots, pumps, or funnels when dispensing and transferring materials to reduce
        the possibility of spills.
      • Store products in  locations that will  preserve  their shelf life,  i.e., away  from
        temperature extremes.
      • AVOID MIXING SOLVENTS WITH ANY OTHER WASTES.  When solvents are
        mixed with other wastes such as oil or antifreeze, they may render that waste unfit for
        recycling  or recovery. In addition, mixing of wastes may lead to inaccurate waste
        identification and improper disposal.
      • Keep used chlorinated solvents (such as 1,1,1 -trichloroethane and methylene chloride)
        separate from nonchlorinated solvents (Simple Green).

910521.0150                                  4 ,,
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc                         1J
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Table 4-3
ALTERNATIVE SOLVENT FOR HOT DIP TANK
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
CURRENT COSTS
Carbon Removing Compound Purchase
(100 gal)($300/dr)(ldr/50 gal)
Disposal
(100 gal)(l dr/50 gal)($641/gal)
TOTAL ANNUAL CURRENT COST
COSTS IF ALTERNATIVE SOLVENT WERE USED:
Purchase Cost (2 drums)($4SO/drum)
Disposal Cost (10 gal sludge)($13/gal)
Analytical Cost
TOTAL ANNUAL COST OF ALTERNATIVE SOLVENT
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT
$600
$1,280
$1,880
$900
$130
$250
$1,280
$600
ASSUMPTIONS:

     •  Exact purchase cost for current carbon removing compound was not available. A price
        of $300/drum was assumed.

     •  Ten percent of spent tank contents is sludge. Spent alternative solvent can be disposed
        as nonhazardous liquid.  A representative sample should be analyzed to verify that
        spent solvent is not designated as hazardous.
                                          4-14
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      •  Use different funnels for used oil and solvents to reduce contamination potential.
      •  Minimize spray and wipe cleaning, which contribute to excess use of solvents.
      •  Wipe, brush off, or steam-clean parts before using solvent, to reduce solvent use and
         extend solvent life.
      •  Reuse old solvent as a pre-soak for cleaning parts.

4.3.4 Onsite Solvent Recycling and Reuse
Four types of liquid wastes are amenable to onsite recycling at Base Ketchikan: paints, thinners,
Stoddard solvent, and TCA-based solvents.  These materials can  be recycled into cleaning grade
solvents  by distillation, producing a small amount of sludge which is disposed of as hazardous waste.
Transfer sheet data indicate that paint and paint-related wastes total 1,300 to 1,600 gallons per year,
and TCA and Stoddard solvent wastes are estimated at 200 to 500 gallons per year. Disposal costs for
paint wastes and solvents are $641 per drum, or nearly $13 per gallon. Avoided disposal costs and a
reduction in new product purchase  costs make distillation an attractive  alternative.   Recycled
solvent/thinner quantities could potentially meet the base-wide demand for cleaning solvent.

Small batch distillation units that handle five to IS gallons per  batch are available with or without
vacuum  units. A vacuum unit is required  for solvents with  boiling points greater than 300°F.
Stoddard solvent  and Chevron 325 fall into this category.  Paints, thinners, MEK, and TCA have
lower boiling points, for which  a distillation unit  would  not require vacuum.  Information on
distillation units  is provided in Appendix C.  Fire code requirements apply to the installation of
distillation units,  and could involve additional costs.

Table 4-4  presents  an economic analysis for a small  batch distillation system made  by Finish
Engineering, model LS Jr.  It does not include a vacuum unit. We  assumed a conservative value of
1,300 gallons of waste distilled per year.  Actual quantities may be higher.  Net annual benefit is
estimated at over $6,000, and the payback period is less than one year.
4.4   BILGE WASTE
Bilge waste comprises the largest volume of all the liquid waste types disposed as hazardous waste
from Base Ketchikan. Our estimates of bilge quantities from transfer sheet information indicate that
bilge represents 35-37%  of  the  total  liquid hazardous  waste produced.  In  1989, bilge totaled
approximately 3,500 gallons of liquid that was drummed and shipped offsite as "Waste Flammable
Liquid."

910521.0150                                   4_.5
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Table 4-4
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF LS-JR SOLVENT/THINNER
DISTILLATION UNIT
CAPITAL COSTS:
LS-JR Unit (GSA Schedule)
Transport
Installation:
Labor (4 hrs a S25/hr>
Piping and Electrical
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
$3,700
S100
$100
$100
$4,000
OPERATING COSTS AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
Operating Costs:
Heating (S0.10/gal)
Water (fixed rate -- no increase)
LS-JR Stilbags ($19.38/doz)(22 doz/yr)
Misc. Replacement Parts
Labor ($25/hr)(260 hrs)
Purchase Costs:
MEK Thinner (50 gal)($10/gal)
Epoxy Thinner (40 gal)(S10/gal)
Disposal Costs:
(1,300 gals)(0.20)(1dr/50gal)($681/drum)
TOTAL ANNUAL OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
$130
$430
$100
$6,500
$500
$400
$3,500
$11,560
AVOIDED COSTS
Purchase Costs:
MEK Thinner (200 gal)($10/gal)
Epoxy Thinner (160 gal)($10/gal)
Disposal Costs
(1,300 gal)(0.80)(1dr/50 gal)(S681/drum)
TOTAL ANNUAL AVOIDED COSTS
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT (NAB) « Avoided Costs - O&M Costs
PAYBACK PERIOD « Capital CostS/NAB
$2,000
$1,600
$14,160
$17,760
$6,200/yr
0.6 years
ASSUMPTIONS:
       •  Total  volume of paint waste conservatively estimated at 1,300 gal/yr.  Other solvents such as TCA are
          not included in this analysis;  however,  TCA could also be distilled with this unit.

       •  Annual purchase of  thinner*  is estimated at 250 gallons of  MEK thinner and 200  gallons  of  epoxy
          thinner.

       •  Thinner use is estimated at BOX for  cleanup purposes and 20X for paint thinning.

       •  All reclaimed  solvent from recycling is  used for cleanup, eliminating the need to purchase thinners
          for cleanup.

       •  Distillation unit  reclaims BOX  of material.  Disposal costs are reduced BOX.

       •  Sludge from distillation estimated at 20X of waste distilled.
910522.1028
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4-16
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Bilge, a variable mixture of water, oil, diesel, and a small amount of coolant, is generated on each of
the floating units which are supported by the Base. The Planetree, a 180-foot buoy tender, is the only
unit which treats its bilge on board.  On the Planetree, the bilge is pumped through an oil/water
separator and the water (containing supposedly less than  15 ppm oil) is pumped overboard.  The
remaining oily waste is pumped into a 500-gallon holding tank, then drummed for disposal.  The
Planetree generates 50  to 100 gallons per month of this oily waste.

The smaller vessels supported by Base Ketchikan are not equipped with oil/water separators. Their
bilge is drummed at the Base Ketchikan dock  and transferred to the hazardous waste storage area.
Bilge disposal costs are estimated at $514 per drum.

The options considered for elimination or reduction of this waste stream are:

         Install oil/water separators on all vessels
         Install oil/water separation unit at the Base
         Install an ultrafiltration unit at the Base
         Recycle or recover oil onsite or offsite
         Eliminate use of detergents and emulsifying agents
         Use oil/water separator at Ketchikan  shipyard.

4.4.1 Install Oil/Water Separators On All Vessels
Our research indicated that space limitations would prohibit the installation of oil/water separators
on all of the smaller floating units. In addition, better performance was likely from a stationary unit
at the Base. No further information was pursued for this option.

4.4.2 Install Oil/Water Separation Unit at Base Ketchikan
What makes this option so advantageous is that it enables the sewerage of approximately 95% of the
waste stream, at no  additional  sewer expense10.  Discussions with various sources knowledgeable
about Navy and shipyard operations indicated that oil/water separation is both achievable and widely
practiced by marine  facilities.  Several manufacturers claim that their equipment can reduce the oil
content in wastewater to 15 ppm or less, well below typical municipal discharge standards (usually
50 to 100 ppm). (Note: City of Ketchikan does not have an ordinance which states such a discharge
limitation. Ketchikan Public Utilities should be informed if USCG institutes oil/water separation and
discharges the water to the sewer.)  The water, representing 95 to 99% of the bilge volume, can be
   10This option does not reduce the generation of bilge. However, it allows for an environmentally
advantageous handling of this waste stream, effectively reducing the toxicity of the waste.
910521.0150                                   4 ,7
sl/ketchikan/HBStanin.doc                       H-II
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discharged to the sewer.  The remaining oily waste should be tested to determine whether it is
designated as hazardous waste.  If it is nonhazardous, it can be burned in the waste oil burner onsite.
It could also be shipped offsite for recycling or energy recovery.

The keys to successful separation of the bilge are:

      •  Use non-emulsifying degreasers
      •  Purchase the best equipment for the application
      •  Maintain the equipment well.

Oil emulsified by  a detergent in the bilge mixture makes separation of oil from the water difficult.
The substitution of non-emulsifying degreasers will permit cleaning the engine and bilge areas but
will not  impair the function of an oil/water separator. Even though the best equipment for this
application may  be expensive, there  is strong economic justification for pursuing onsite  bilge
treatment.  Avoided disposal costs will more than cover the expenses. Additional effort and expense
to ensure proper installation, satisfactory operation, and reliability will also pay out favorably.

Following is a brief cost/benefit analysis for the implementation of an oil/water separator at the Base
(Table 4-5). The  equipment we considered for this analysis include a conical-bottom 1,000-gallon
bilge holding tank (for settling out suspended solids), a Quantek CPS-3 oil/water separation unit with
emulsion-breaking cartridges, a monitor which automatically recycles the effluent if it does not meet
discharge specifications  and shuts the unit down when the cartridges are spent,  a prefabricated
housing  unit for the equipment, and a waste oil container (drum).   Cartridges on the emulsion-
breaking unit must be changed  when spent.  The period between cartridge changes depends entirely
on the composition of the bilge entering the system.  For the purposes of this analysis, we assumed
the cartridges would process 5,000 gallons of bilge and cost $100.

The unit is fully automatic and would require only slightly more operator time than is currently used
to pump and drum bilge directly from the vessels.  The coalescing plates in the oil/water  separator
must be  periodically cleaned, a task that takes about two hours every several thousand hours of
operation, again depending upon the bilge composition.  Installation costs were estimated at $5,000.
These would be much less if the plumbing were performed by base personnel under the supervision
of the equipment supplier.
910521.0150                                   A 10
st/ketchikan/wast«nin.doc                       H"10
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4.4.3  Eliminate Use of Detergents and Emulsifying Agents
A potential obstacle to successful  oil/water separation is  the  presence of detergents or other
emulsifying agents at levels that  prevent oil/water separation.  Simple  product substitution can
overcome  this problem.   The distributor of  the  oil/water  separation  equipment  cited  above
recommends an effective cleaning solution ("Ameroid OWS") which is compatible with the coalescing
plate  separator.  Costs are typically  much higher for non-emulsifying degreasers but the ultimate
reduction in waste handling costs will more than compensate for this expense.  Information on a
number of these products is contained in Appendix D.

4.4.4  Install Ultrafiltration Unit at the Base
Ultrafiltration is another  technique  for separation of oil/water emulsions.  Ultrafiltration systems
usually incorporate a first stage coalescer followed by a second stage membrane separation unit.
Should Ketchikan bilge emulsions be found (by prepurchase testing) to be inadequately treated in the
coalescing plate separator described above, an Ultrafiltration unit could be the solution for reducing
the bilge waste stream. Costs of this option using a "Pace" Ultrafiltration unit made by FAST Systems,
Inc. are summarized in Table 4-6.  Savings resulting from avoided disposal costs would be similar to
those calculated in the oil/water separator analysis. These units may require much more maintenance
than oil/water separators and may not operate as reliably. However, the expense will be recovered
in approximately two years because of avoided hazardous waste disposal costs.

4.4.5  Recycle or Recover Oil Onsite or Offsite
The oil collected by the oil/water separator, estimated at less than one drum per quarter, should be
analyzed to determine if it is designated hazardous waste. If it exhibits a hazardous characteristic,
it should not be burned in the waste  oil burner onsite, although it could be recycled offsite.  If it is
not hazardous waste, it can be burned in the waste oil burner onsite, potentially reblended for use in
small diesel engines, or shipped offsite for reprocessing or blending. Section 4.5 provides more detail
on  these options.  The Coast  Guard  at  Base Ketchikan should  become familiar  with both the
techniques and legal responsibilities  of used oil management in pursuing these alternatives.

4.4.6  Use Oil/Water Separator  at Ketchikan Shipyard
Consultation with Ketchikan Shipyard personnel indicated that this option is not currently available.
The shipyard has recently installed an Ultrafiltration unit which is operating at an average flow rate
of 1.5 gallons per minute.  Shipyard  operations currently exceed the unit's capacity of 500 to 1,000

910521.0150                                   4  ,o
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc                       i-i*
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Table 4-5
BILGE WASTE OIL/WATER SEPARATOR COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
CAPITAL COSTS:
CPS-3 Oil Water Separator
MCM Housing w/Cartridge (emulsion breaking)
Mark VHI Alarm (Effluent Monitor)
Differential Pressure Switch Assembly w/Alarm
Transportation
On-Shore Settling Tank
Misc. Valving, piping, wiring, switches
Installation (Labor & Training)
Pilot Testing
Total Capital Costs
OPERATING COSTS:
Emulsion Breaking Cartridges (2 per year)
Power Requirements
Analytical Testing
Labor (100 hrs/year @ $25/hr)
DISPOSAL COSTS (Scenario I):
5% of Waste Stream Disposed as Haz. Waste
(0.05X2,400 gal)(l drum/50 gal)($518/drum)
TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS
ANNUAL DISPOSAL SAVINGS
(0.95X2,400 gal)(l drum/50 gal)($518/drum) =
DIFFERENCE OF ANNUAL SAVINGS AND COSTS
$23,620 - $4,940 - 18,680
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT
PAYBACK PERIOD « Capital Cost/NAB
$26,050/$1 8,680 •=
$8,310
$650
$5,010
$1,480
$1,000
$2,000
$2,000
$5,000
$600
$26,050
$200
Data Not Available1
$1,000
$2,500
$1,240
$4,940
$23,620
$18,680
1.4 yrs
SCENARIO IL Assume oil stream is 2% hazardous waste and 3% reclaimable or
burnable (note - does not include heat recovery value)
Disposal Costs - (0.02X2,400X1 drum/50 gal)($518/drum) - $500
Payback Period - ($26,050)/($23,620 - $4,200) - 1.3 years
      A power requirement of up to ten percent of annual costs would increase the payback period
      to approximately 1.5 years.
910522.1002
sI/ketchikan/table4-5.doc
4-20
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gallons per day; therefore, additional bilge to process is not being sought by the shipyard.  As some
of the operational problems are still being worked out by the shipyard, dependable service from this
particular unit seems uncertain.
4.5   WASTE OIL
There are several significant sources of waste oil at the Base, including engine lubricating oil on Coast
Guard boats, cutters, and shore vehicles, and generator oil. Hazardous waste transfer sheets indicated
that waste oils were often contaminated with unknown substances and mixed with other wastes.  The
total volume of waste oil generated by Coast Guard vessels and Base Ketchikan is estimated at 2,000
gallons per year. In addition, a small percentage of bilge waste is oil, adding roughly another SO
gallons per year to this waste stream if the bilge is separated.  In 1989, approximately 40 drums of
waste oil and contaminated waste oil were shipped off site as hazardous waste, at a cost of $518 and
$713 per drum, respectively.

If halogenated solvents, in particular, and other wastes can be kept out of the used oil collected by
and generated on the Base, there is no reason why all of Base Ketchikan's used oil cannot be recycled
or used for building or process heat.  Used oil is  not automatically  a hazardous  waste.  Oil is a
valuable resource that should not be viewed as waste. Aside from a small percentage of sludge which
may accumulate, essentially all of this waste stream can be eliminated from disposal as hazardous
waste. If used oil is going to be recycled or burned for energy recovery, it is not subject to the 90-
day storage limit nor to  hazardous  waste  transport requirements.  Familiarity with the used oil
regulations (40 CFR 266 Subpart £) and federal guidance on handling used oil will provide the Coast
Guard with a more complete description of legal responsibilities,  testing requirements, and other
aspects of waste oil management.  An extensive discussion of the regulatory aspects is beyond the
scope of this report.

Options evaluated for addressing used oil combine management practices with technological options.
The keys to minimizing this hazardous waste stream are: 1) segregating used oils from all other waste
streams, especially preventing mixture with halogenated solvents and 2) maximizing the reuse of used
oils. The alternatives we considered  for management of used oil are:
910521.0150
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
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Table 4-6
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
ULTRAFILTRATION OF BILGE WASTE
CAPITAL COSTS:
Ultraf iltration Unit (Pace)
Oil Content Monitor (with alarm)
Pilot Study
Installation
TOTAL CAPITAL COST
OPERATING COSTS:
Power ($0.10/gal) (2,400 gal)
Labor (200 hrs/yr @ $25/hr)
Detergent
Membranes ($2,000/3 yr)
DISPOSAL COSTS:
(3%)(2,400 gal)(l drum/50 gal)($518/drum)
TOTAL ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
ANNUAL DISPOSAL SAVINGS
(0.97)(2,400 gal)(l drum/50 gal)($518/drum) =
DIFFERENCE OF ANNUAL SAVINGS AND COSTS (NAB)
$24,120 - $6,760 = $17,360
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT =
PAYBACK PERIOD = Capital Cost/NAB =
$31,000
$6,000
$1,000
$5,500
$43,500
$240
$5,000
$100
$670
$750
$6,760/yr
$24,120/yr
$21,330
$17,360
2.5 yrs
910522.1029
sl/ketchikan/table4-6.doc
4-22
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        Onsite energy recovery with waste oil heater
        Offsite energy recovery at Ketchikan pulp mill
        Offsite oil recycling
        Oil testing to extend period between oil changes
        By-pass filtration to extend oil life.

4.5.1  Onsite Energy Recovery With Waste Oil Burner
The waste oil heater located in the Vehicle Maintenance Shop is rated at 120,000 BTU per hour.
According to the primary operator of this unit, the burner consumes approximately one gallon of oil
per hour, and operates continuously about five months out of the year.  The waste oil burner is used
for supplemental heat in the Hobby Lobby, Vehicle Maintenance,  and Motor Pool areas.  The oil
burned in the unit is generated in the Hobby Lobby, where Base personnel may perform maintenance
and light repair work on their own  vehicles, and in the Vehicle Maintenance shop, where maintenance
and light repair is conducted on the nine shore vehicles maintained by the Base.  Care is taken to
avoid contamination of the oil with solvents, water, or other chemicals which would foul the waste
oil heater.

There are sufficient quantities of oil generated by other sources at the Base to justify more waste oil
burners for supplemental or perhaps primary heat in other buildings. Federal regulations (40 CFR
255.4l(b)) allow used oil burning for energy recovery without a permit in units up to 500,000 BTU
per hour.  The warehouse and buoy shed are potential  candidates for used oil heaters.

In Table 4-7 are presented the results of an economic  analysis of using another waste oil heater on
the Base. Assuming that the oil can be  accumulated without contamination by water, solvents, and
other materials, there would be more used oil available than a single additional unit would probably
consume.  Two waste oil heaters (200,000 BTU each) could probably take  care of most or all of the
used oil generated.  Assuming that the used oil would reduce the Base purchase of heating fuel for
the areas being heated,  the payback on each unit is estimated at less than one year, with a net annual
benefit of $10,800 per heater.

4.5.2  Offsite Energy Recovery at Ketchikan Pulp Mill
The Ketchikan shipyard accumulates used oil and trucks it to the Ketchikan pulp mill where it is used
as fuel for pulp processing heat.  The mill charges $.10 per gallon to accept the waste oil and the Coast
Guard may be able to  negotiate this down.  This could be an attractive alternative for the  Coast
Guard, either by itself or in tandem with the usage of an additional waste oil heater. The Base would

910521.0150                                   . -.,
sl/ketchikan/uastemin.doc                          •*
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Table 4-7
WASTE OIL HEATER COSTS/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
CAPITAL COSTS
Lanair CA 200
Transportation (Seattle to Ketchikan)
Installation (Parts and Labor)
Technical Assistance (installation and training
Waste Oil Storage Tank (500 gal)
TOTAL CAPITAL COST
OPERATING COSTS
Power ($0.10/gal)(l gal/hr)((960 hrs)
Labor (50 hrsX$25/hr)
Replacement Parts
TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS
ANNUAL SAVINGS
Building Heat (960 gal)($1.75/gal)
Disposal Costs (960 gal)(ldr/50 gal)($518/dr)
TOTAL ANNUAL SAVINGS
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT - Annual Savings - Annual Costs
PAYBACK PERIOD = Capital Costs/NAB
$4,000
$100
$1,500
$1,000
$500
$7,100
$100
$1,250
$200
$1,550
$1,680
$9,950
$11,630
$10,080
0.7 years
 ASSUMPTIONS:

      •  Unit operates 6 months/yr, 8 hours/day, 5 days/week (960 hours per year).

      •  Unit burns oil at a rate of 1 gal/hr (80% capacity).

      •  Avoided purchase of heating fuel is assumed to be 1:1 (i.e., 1 gal burned equals 1 gal of
         heating fuel not purchased).  Heating fuel cost assumed to be $1.75/gal.

      •  Labor estimates  include maintenance and repairs of unit, oil  transfer, and associated
         administrative cost.

      •  Capital costs are based on estimates supplied by manufacturer.
910522.1031
sl/ketchikan/table4-7.doc
4-24
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need to have a large holding tank for accumulating the waste oil. A local tank truck could be hired
to transport the oil from the Base to the pulp mill.  The oil would probably require regular testing to
verify that it does not contain unacceptable levels of halogenated compounds.

Table 4-8 is a brief economic analysis of the offsite energy recovery option. The net annual benefit
is estimated at $16,500. Payback would occur in approximately one month.

Table 4-9 illustrates a combination of onsite and offsite energy recovery options. In this scenario,
the Coast Guard purchases one additional waste oil heater. The excess oil that cannot be burned in
this unit is trucked to the Ketchikan pulp mill. The resulting net annual  benefit is $17,700.  The
estimated payback period is less than six months.

4.5.3  Offsite Oil Recycling
There are several firms which reprocess oil for  reuse, typically as fuel  oil,  in the Seattle area.
Northwest Enviro Services is anticipating starting a facility in Anchorage to service Alaska generators.
When that facility starts operating, it might provide a slightly less costly option than shipping used
oil to Seattle.

Assuming that the used oil is free from solvent contamination, it could be  shipped to Seattle either
drummed or in larger containers (300 to 400 gallons). Though recycling rates may vary somewhat
depending on the quality of the used oil, the current rate for "clean" oil recycling is $.50 per gallon.
In Table 4-10, the costs  and  benefits of shipping used  oil offsite to a Seattle reprocessor are
calculated.  The costs of handling 2,000 gallons of used oil generated annually  would shrink from
$24,000 per year under current  practices to $2,000 using a Seattle-based oil  recycler, including
transportation costs.

4.5.4  Oil Testing to Extend Period Between Oil Changes
A field testing device can be used to track the "health" of lubrication oil as it wears during operation.
When the instrument readings indicate that the oil is unacceptably dirty  or worn, the oil should be
changed. Such instruments have been used successfully to extend the period between oil changes,
ensuring that the oil is fully "used" before it is replaced.
910521.0150
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Table 4-8
SEND USED OIL TO KETCHIKAN PULP MILL FOR ENERGY RECOVERY
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
CAPITAL COSTS:
Oil Storage Tank (750 gal)
Ancillary Equipment
TOTAL CAPITAL COST
ANNUAL COSTS:
Transportation to mill:
Labor ($45/hr, 2 hr/trip, 4 trips/yr)
Truck ($75/hr, 2 hr/trip, 4 trips/yr)
Disposal at Ketchikan Mill ($0.10/gal)(2000 gal/yr)
Sludge Disposal (100 gal)((l dr/50 gal)($S18/drum)
Analytical fees ($250/trip, 4 trips/yr)
TOTAL ANNUAL COST
AVOIDED COSTS
Disposal (1,900 gal)(l dr/50 gal)($518/dr)
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT = Avoided costs - annual costs
PAYBACK PERIOD = Capital Costs/NAB
$1200
$200
$1400
$360
$600
$200
$1,040
$1,000
$3,200
$19,680
$16,480
<0.1 years
ASSUMPTIONS:

      •   Annual generation of acceptable waste oil is 1,800 gallons.

      •   Transportation rates based on figures supplied by Ketchikan Shipyard personnel.
910522.1050
sl/ketchikan/table4-8.doc
4-26
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Table 4-9
USE OF WASTE OIL HEATER AND KETCHIKAN PULP MILL
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
CAPITAL COSTS:
Lanair CA 200 Unit
Transportation (Seattle to Ketchikan)
Installation of Unit
Technical Assistance (for installation and training)
Waste Oil Storage Tank (750 gal)
Ancillary tank Equipment
TOTAL CAPITAL COST
ANNUAL COSTS:
Operation of Waste Oil Burner (see previous example)
Power
Labor
Replacement Parts
Transportation to Mill:
Labor ($45/hr, 2 hr/trip, 4 trips/yr)
Truck ($75/hr, 2 hr/trip, 4 trips/yr)
Disposal (at Pulp Mill, $0.10/gal)(940 gal/yr)
Sludge Disposal (100 gal)(l dr/50 gal)($518/gal)
Analytical Fees ($250/trip)(2 trips/yr)
TOTAL ANNUAL COST
AVOIDED COSTS
Purchase of Heating Oil (see previous example)
Disposal Costs (1,900 gal)(l dr/50 gal)($518/dr)
TOTAL ANNUAL AVOIDED COSTS
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT = Avoided Costs - Annual Costs
PAYBACK PERIOD = Capital Costs/NAB
$4,00
$100
$1,500
$1,000
$750
$500
$8,300
$100
$1,250
$200
$180
$300
$90
$1,040
$500
$3,660
$1,680
$19,680
$21,360
$17,700
0.5 years
910522.1051
sl/ketchikan/table4-9.doc
4-27
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Table 4- 10
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSITE USED OIL RECYCLING
(Seattle recycler)
CURRENT DISPOSAL COSTS
1989 Costs: Waste Oil - (27 drums)($518/dr) . $13,990
Contaminated Waste Oil = (13 drums)($713/dr)
- $9,270
1989 Total Cost = $13,990 + $9,270 « $23,260
1990 Costs: Waste Oil « (19 drums)($518/dr) - $9,840
Contaminated Waste Oil - (21 drums)($713/dr)
- $14,970
1990 Total Cost - $9,840 + $14,970 - $24,810
ESTIMATED ANNUAL WASTE OIL DISPOSAL COST
RECYCLING COSTS
Transporation
Ketchikan to Port of Seattle:
(0.95X8.34 lbs/gal)(2,000 gal) = 15,850 Ibs/yr
($2.75/100 lbs)( 15,850 Ibs/yr) - $440/yr
Port of Seattle to recylcer: estunated at $310/yr
TOTAL TRANSPORTATION COST - $440 + $310 = $750/yr
PROCESSING COSTS
(2,000 gal)($0.50/gal) = $l,000/yr
TOTAL RECYCLING COSTS - $750 + $1,000 =
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT = $24,000 - $1,750 =
$24,000

$1,750
$25,750
ASSUMPTIONS:

      •  Total annual production of waste oil is 2,000 gallons per year.

      •  All waste oil is free of solvent contamination.

      •  All waste oil is suitable for recycling.

      •  Coast Guard labor costs are the same for recycling as for disposal option.

      •  Assume specific gravity of oil is 0.95 (probably high).

      •  Assume oil recycler charges $0.50/gal.

      •  Treatment Cose (2,000 gal)($0.50/gal) - $1,000

      •  Total Annual Recycling Costs: $1,000 + $1,000 - $2,000

      •  Total Annual Savings: $24,000 - $2,000 = $22,000
910522.1006                                   4 -
§l/ketchikan/tbU-10.doc                        H
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Such a unit might be practical for application on a small fleet of passenger vehicles or light duty
trucks, as well as on a large cutter such as the Planetree. Currently, the Planetree sends samples of
its oil to a laboratory for analysis to determine when the engine oil should be replaced. The on-board
use of a field testing instrument could reduce analytical expenses and provide information much more
quickly than a laboratory can.

One such unit, the Lubrisensor, costs around $500, and has been used successfully in lengthening oil
changes intervals on the Municipality of Anchorage vehicle fleet and in generating substantial savings.
More information on the instrument is provided in Appendix E. The use of a Lubrisensor on a daily
basis and periodic laboratory analyses are recommended to track the engine oil behavior over a year
or so. Once the relationship between Lubrisensor readings and lab analyses has been established, the
field testing unit can be used alone to determine when the oil needs to be replaced. Potential savings
in a particular application are difficult to estimate. However, if oil purchase and/or disposal costs
are high, this could be an attractive alternative.

4.5.5 Bv-Pass Filtration to Extend Oil Life
By-pass  filtration (also known as ultrafiltration) employs an after-market filter unit installed on an
engine, which can remove particles down to 0.5 to 0.7 microns from the oil.  Typical automotive
filters remove particles 20 microns and larger, but are not effective for fine particle collection. By-
pass filter units have been used successfully on automotive and marine engines to extend the useful
life of lubricating oil by  six to  25 times11.

By-pass  ultrafiltration units typically consist of  a fiberglass  or metal housing which  holds a
replaceable filter cartridge (a roll of paper towels in some units).  The units vary in size  according to
crankcase volume and engine horsepower, ranging from quart jar size on an automobile to 2 feet by
6 inches on a large diesel generator.  Use of by-pass filters in conjunction with laboratory analysis
provides continuous cleaning of the oil and accurate verification of oil adequacy and  replacement
need. In addition, ultrafiltration removes water from oil and can be used to recover hydraulic oil.
Additional information on by-pass filters is provided in Appendix E.

This alternative  could be applied on Coast Guard vessels as well as  on shore vehicles.  Most engine
manufacturers will maintain original warranty  obligations  with the use of by-pass filters.  The
   11 Alaska DEC Pollution Prevention Program, unnamed article on oil waste minimization options,
undated.

910521.0150   '                                A ~Q
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc                       *~*y
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advantages to the Coast Guard would be reduced oil purchase costs, reduced oil disposal/recycling
costs, and potentially longer engine life.
4.6   ANTIFREEZE/COOLANT
Each year, Base Ketchikan disposes of several hundred gallons of coolant and antifreeze solutions as
hazardous waste, at a cost of $518 per drum or over $9 per gallon. Coolant mixtures are used in each
of the engines on the vessels supported at Base Ketchikan, as well as in the nine vehicles maintained
at the facility.

Two options for minimization of this waste stream were considered, as follows:

      • Purify coolant onsite and reuse
      • Recycle antifreeze offsite through a service contract.

4.6.1  Purify Coolant Onsite and Reuse
A number of antifreeze/coolant "recycling'' units are available for commercial use. Of these, most
are of the simple filtration type, providing no rebalancing of  pH, ionic concentrations, or other
properties significant to antifreeze performance. One unit we found did  perform a more complete
purification of the antifreeze  mixture.  Though there are no standard or military specifications for
an antifreeze-plus-water mixture, the manufacturer of this unit guarantees that the purified solution
will meet or exceed the performance characteristics of virgin antifreeze and water solution. The
advantage of this alternative is the avoidance of both disposal costs and purchase of new antifreeze.

In the cost/benefit analysis in Table 4-11 we assumed that vessels and base vehicles generate a total
of 700 gallons per year of antifreeze and coolant mixtures.  The recycling unit itself costs less than
$8,000, and operating costs are estimated  at $3.90 per gallon.   Net annual benefit is estimated at
$6,880, and the payback period was calculated to be 1.2 years.

4.6.2  Recycle Antifreeze Offsite Through a Service Contract
The same type of antifreeze/coolant purification process as mentioned above, but on a larger scale,
can be obtained in some areas on a service contract. Mr. Frank Madison of CEU Juneau has been
investigating this option for various Coast Guard facilities using an Alaska-based service. Specific
information on the availability and cost of this option was not available.

910521.0150                                   A •tn
»I/ketch ikan/MSStemin.doc                       H"JW
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Table 4- 11
ANTIFREEZE PURIFICATION SYSTEM COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
CAPITAL COSTS:
BG Cool'r Clean'r Coolant Purification System
Transportation (to Ketchikan)
Installation
Technical Assistance
Ancillary Equipment (drums, hoses, tools)
TOTAL CAPITAL COST
$6,500
$100
$1,000
$400
$8,000
OPERATING COSTS:
Treatment ($3.90/gal)(700 gal)
Purchase Cost ($10/gal) (40 gal)
Disposal Cost (.10)(700 gal)(l drum/50 gal)($518/drum)
TOTAL ANNUAL COST
$2,370
$400
$725
$3,855
AVOIDED COSTS:
Purchase Cost ($8/gal)(345 gal)
Disposal Cost ($518/drum)(700 gal)(ldr/50 gal)
TOTAL ANNUAL AVOIDED COSTS
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT
PAYBACK PERIOD
$2,760
$7,250
$10,010
$6,155
1.3 years
ASSUMPTIONS:

      •  Annual waste antifreeze generation is 700 gallons.

      •  Annual purchase requirement is 385 gallons.

      •  Use of system will reduce purchase by 90% (10% needed for make-up antifreeze due
         to leaks, evaporation, and spillage during transfer).
910522.1052
sl/ketchikan/tbU-11.doc
4-31
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4.7   BATTERnES

Spent batteries represent the second largest solid hazardous waste stream from Base Ketchikan. Most

of the batteries are collected from ATON units and vehicles maintained at the Base.  Batteries

disposed by the Base are of four basic types:

      •  Lead-acid batteries:  used in motor vehicles and solar powered aids to navigation.
         They are wet, rechargeable, and usually six-celled, containing a sponge lead anode,
         lead dioxide cathode, and sulfuric acid electrolyte. This electrolyte is corrosive and
         requires disposal as a hazardous waste unless the battery is recycled or reclaimed.

      •  Nickel-cadmium  fnicad) batteries:  usually rechargeable, containing  wet or dry
         potassium hydroxide as electrolyte. The potassium hydroxide is corrosive (pH 13.6
         to 14).   Therefore,  nicad batteries must be disposed of as  hazardous  waste or
         recycled/reclaimed.

      •  Lithium  batteries:  used as power source for portable  electronic equipment and
         emergency aviation equipment. All lithium batteries must be disposed of as hazardous
         waste or sent our  for reclamation.

      •  Strobe light battery cells:  small  14 volt strobe light battery cells used for powering
         hand held strobe  lights (commonly used  in emergency life vests).  They  must be
         returned  to the manufacturer or a battery recycler for regeneration or disposed of as
         a hazardous waste due to mercury content.


4.7.1 Draining Wet Batteries and Neutralizing Solutions Onsite

From the shipping records, it appears that occasionally batteries have been drained and the acid

placed in a container  for disposal off site as hazardous waste.  Wet battery acid  or alkali could be

neutralized at Base Ketchikan and the resulting solutions disposed  as nonhazardous liquid waste.

Battery cases can be sent back to the manufacturers for reuse. This option could reduce the quantity

of hazardous waste produced.  However, due to the additional labor this alternative would entail and

the additional risk to personnel, we do not recommend this option for Base Ketchikan. It may be an

option worth further consideration in the future.


4.7.2 Recycling Batteries

Several recyclers who take batteries were  contacted. Some will only accept lead-acid batteries; one

we contacted will accept all types of batteries.  One advantage of recycling batteries  over disposing

of them as hazardous waste is that they may be accumulated onsite for longer than 90 days before

shipment to the recycler. Consequently, the Coast Guard could wait until a large number of batteries

has accumulated in order to take advantage of lower shipping costs.
910521.0150                                   4_32
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
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In the two cost/benefit analyses which follow (Tables 4-12 and 4-13), packing procedures and costs
were assumed to be the same for recycling as for disposal.  Seventy-five percent of the batteries are
assumed to be lead-acid; 25% are assumed to be alkali batteries. In Option A, the recycler is Chem
Pro  in Seattle, who will accept  all types of batteries at varying prices  per pound.  In Option B,
Standard Batteries in Seattle is the recycler, who will pay for lead-acid batteries based on the current
market price of lead. This value is currently about $.03 per pound.  In either alternative, significant
annual savings can be realized through recycling, and the hazardous waste stream is reduced.
4.8   PAPER. GLASS. ALUMINUM. AND OTHER SOLID WASTES
4.8.1  USFS Paper Recycling Program
Though actual purchase quantity information was not available, the use of white paper at Base
Ketchikan is significant due to the amount of duplication of various communications, the use of
several laserjet printers, and several photocopy machines.  The city of Ketchikan estimates that up
to 40% of its solid waste stream is comprised of paper, cardboard, and wood products.

Beginning in mid-1990, the U.S. Forest Service office in Ketchikan provided a collection point for
used paper.  (USFS contact is Ms. Jean Bartos,  225-3101.) The program had experienced enough
participation by October 1990 that USFS was seeking additional temporary storage space for the used
paper. The material was shipped to Bellevue, Washington where it was handled by a large recycler.
This pilot project was begun with the  hopes that a service organization would take it on.  Due to
depressed used paper prices and high shipping costs, the program did not pay for itself. Nonetheless,
it enjoyed participation by local government offices  and businesses in Ketchikan, and provided a
reasonable alternative to landfilling the paper.

A recycling facility in Saxman, near Ketchikan, is reported to have begun collections in April 1991.
Base Ketchikan could arrange with this facility for transportation  of recyclable materials including
paper, aluminum cans, cardboard, glass, and ferrous metals.

4.8.2  Citv of Ketchikan Recycling Program
The city of Ketchikan is currently considering a voluntary recycling program for paper (two or three
grades), glass, plastic, and aluminum cans.  The Director of Public Works (Mr. Fred Monrean) stated
that the  inspiration for such a  program  comes from  a sense  of limited material supply and
910521.0254
sl/ketchikan/uastemin.doc
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environmental concerns shared by the citizens of Ketchikan, rather than from limited space in the
city's landfill. The program, now in the feasibility study stage, is anticipated to start in mid-1991.
The city recognizes the Coast Guard Base as a major contributor to the local landfill, relative to other
landfill customers in the area. It would probably welcome the Coast Guard's willingness to participate
in a recycling program.

The Director of Public Works suggested that the Coast Guard could probably handle its solid wastes
differently now, in advance of a city-wide recycling program.  Mr. Monrean suggested that the local
metal scrapper would be willing to pick up metal scrap at the Base, if the Coast Guard would call him
(no  name or number was provided to us).  This would save  Base personnel from having to haul
unusable metal equipment to the landfill as well as save on landfilling costs.

4.8.3 Regional Recvcline Efforts
The Southeast Conference,  a coalition of Southeast Alaskan  community representatives, has been
meeting over the past few months to consider regional approaches for handling waste and recyclable
materials in Southeast.  The Alaska Ferry System is considering hauling bundled recyclables (not
paper) for  a very favorable  rate during the off season.  Coast Guard participation in both planning
and implementation of a regional recycling effort could be beneficial to all involved. Contact can be
initiated through David Wigglesworth, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.

4.8.4 Additional Solid Waste Alternatives
The Coast  Guard might consider the option of hauling some of the recyclable materials from Base
Ketchikan to  Seattle when  its larger  vessels are southbound.  For example, if  the Planetree were
scheduled for repairs at the Seattle or Bremerton shipyard, it might be able to transport used oil, used
batteries, glass, aluminum, or other materials to the Port of Seattle for overland transport to Seattle
area recyclers. This would provide savings in transport costs, although it could  be disadvantageous
in terms of schedule, frequency of delivery, and logistics.

Other solid wastes could be diverted from Base Ketchikan dumpsters.  These include laserjet
cartridges, food wastes, and lawn clippings. Spent laserjet cartridges from computer printers on the
Base can be recycled. Food  wastes and grass clippings could be composted, either on the Base or in
a community composting project. Compost is a valuable material for agricultural or garden uses, and
vegetative wastes use landfill space unnecessarily.
910521.0254
sl/ketchikan/nastemin.doc
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Table 4- 12
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSITE BATTERY RECYCLING OPTION A
(ChemPro, Seattle)
CURRENT DISPOSAL COSTS
Estimated Annual Waste Battery Production:
Lead Acid Batteries: 1 1,580 Ibs
Alkaline Batteries: 1,940 Ibs
Estimated Hazardous Waste Disposal Costs:
Lead Acid Batteries:
(11,580 lbs/yr)(l tote/1,100 lbs)($l,235/tote) = $13,000/yr
Alkaline Batteries:
(1,940 lbs/yr)(l tote/ 1,1 00 lbs)($l,368/tote) = $2,410/yr
TOTAL ANNUAL DISPOSAL COST = $13,000 + $2,410 =
RECYCLING COSTS
Transportation to Recyclen
Ketchikan to Port of Seattle:
(11,580 Ibs/yr + 2,410 lbs/yr)($2.75/100 Ibs)
= $390/yr
Port of Seattle to ChemPro: $360/yr (estimate)
Total transporation cost = $390 + $360 = $750/yr
Recycling/Reclamation:
Lead Acid Batteries = (1 1,580 lbs/yr)($0.50/lb)
= $5,970/yr
Alkaline Batteries = (2,410 lbs/yr)($0.60/lb)
= $l,450/yr
TOTAL ANNUAL RECYCLING COST
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT = $15,410 - $8,170 =
$15,410

$8,170
$ 7,240
ASSUMPTIONS:
       •   Annual quantities of  waste  batteries are constant.  All batteries are assumed to be acid or
           alkaline.

       •   Current disposal  costs  are  based on 1990 disposal data.

       •   Costs to Coast Guard are transport from Ketchikan to  Seattle  and  treatment costs (paid to
           recycler).

       •   Transportation rate from Ketchikan to Seattle is $2.75/100 Ibs.

       •   Treatment  rates are $0.50/lb for  lead  acid batteries and J0.60/lb  for  alkaline batteries
           (information supplied by Chempro, Inc.).

       •   Packing material  and  labor  costs are equivalent for current practices and recycling option.
910522.1054
8l/ketchiken/tbU-12.doc
4-35
-------
Table 4-13
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSITE BATTERY RECYCLING, OPTION B
(Standard Batteries, Seattle)
CURRENT DISPOSAL COSTS:
Total Annual Disposal Costs = (See Option A)
RECYCLING PAYBACK:
Payback for Lead Acid Batteries:
(11,580 lb/yr)($0.03/lb) - $350/yr
RECYLCING COSTS:
Transporation (as in Option A) « $750/yr
Reclamation of Alkali Batteries:
(2,410 lbs/yr)($0.60/lb) = $l,450/yr
TOTAL ANNUAL RECYCLING COST: $750 + $1,450 - $350 =
NET ANNUAL BENEFIT = $15,410 - $1,850 =
$15,410


$ 1,850
$13,560
Notes:
      •  There are specific minimum weight shipments for some recyclers.

      •  Costs for additional contracts management were not considered.

      •  Market value of lead subject to fluctuation.
910522.1009
sl/ketchfkan/tbU-13.doe
4-36
-------
 Finally, silver recovery from the dental X-ray operation at the medical center may be another option
 for future consideration. Due to the high value of silver, recovery operations from developer and
 fixer solutions have been advantageous in many situations.  Feasibility at Base Ketchikan would
 depend on the volume of X-rays developed and the quantity of recoverable silver.
910521.0254                                   . ~~
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
           5.0 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1   SUMMARY OF ATTRACTIVE OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In the previous chapter, a number of alternatives for waste minimization and handling were described.
Some option combinations are complementary, for example, the application of oil/water separation
and using oil  for energy recovery. Others may not be.  We encourage a "system view" of waste
minimization alternatives to avoid the implementation of those which are not optimally compatible.

Table  5-1  summarizes the priority  waste  streams and  the waste minimization or management
alternatives described in Chapter 4. Each alternative and its associated first costs, net annual benefit,
and payback period are listed. An asterisk denotes a recommended option.

From the implementation of the recommended options,  the Coast Guard will be able to cut its
hazardous  waste  stream to a fraction of  the current level.  Disposal costs  will  also  decrease
dramatically.  With oil/water separation of bilge waste, recycling or energy recovery of used oil,
distillation of paint waste and solvents, and recycling of antifreeze, the liquid hazardous waste stream
could be reduced by as much as 80 to 85%. If blasting waste were found to be a nonhazardous waste,
and all batteries were shipped off site for recycling, the solid hazardous waste stream could be reduced
by 90 to 99%.  This reduction in hazardous waste could occur with an increase in other nonhazardous
waste streams, or in further waste reduction through recycling materials such as spent blasting grit.
There would be a significant reduction in the toxicity of a large portion of the waste.

The potential consequences of successful waste minimization at Base Ketchikan are significant, not
just in terms of dollars saved. Other benefits are: enhanced worker safety and health, reduction of
regulatory compliance effort, liability reduction, environmental benefits, and exemplary, precedent-
setting operations  for a federal facility.  These benefits are attainable through a combination of
technology, management methods, and increased awareness and understanding at all personnel levels.
5.2   SITE-WIDE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
The following recommendations are offered to enhance the success of a waste minimization program
undertaken by the Coast Guard.  They are based on our knowledge of waste program management,
experience in new program development, and observations of federal facility operations.
910522.1239
sl/ketchikan/wastanin.doc
-------
Table 5-1. Sheet 1 of 3
SUMMARY OF WASTE MINIMIZATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
WASTE STREAM, LOCATION, 11
::* OPERATION
BLASTING WASTE
Marine Ways, paint removal
from vessels









Buoy Shed, paint removal
from buoys



PAINT WASTE
Marine Ways and Buoy Shed,
painting vessels and buoys









WASTE MIN OPTION


• Lead-free, non-toxic
paints
• Concrete floor for marine
ways
• Geomembrane floor for
marine ways
• Plastic blasting media

* • Retest for net*
designation

• Lead- free, non- toxic
paints
• Plastic blasting media
• Magnetic separation


• Lead-free nontoxic paints

* • High vol/low pressure
paint guns
* • Improve storage practices
• Best application
practices
• Spray gun cleaning
station
* • Recycle paint wastes

TOTAL CAPITAL
INVESTMENT

..

>$200,000

Unknown

..

$6,000


-.

--
--


..

$1,300

Minimal
Minimal

$500

$4,000

NET ANNUAL
BENEFIT

._

'$30,000

Unknown

..

-$30,000


..

--
--


..

$12,250

Unknown
Unknown

Unknown

$6.200

PAYBACK;!
PERIOD



6.7

--

..

0.2


..

--
..


..

0.1

--
..

Unknown

0.6

::' COMMENTS •'•;. f ^'W
• . . " •'••'•' ' '%

• Long-range CG goal; may take
several years to realize
• Very expensive; w/non toxic paints
in a few yrs, may not be necessary
• Not feasible w/out improved
collection system
• Less expensive than concrete, more
durable & effective than Visqueen
• Cap. invest, is analytical costs
for blasting waste 20 samples a
$300/sample
• Long range CG goal; may take
several years to realize
• Not effective for rust removal
• No advantage over new steel shot
recycling system

• Long range CG goal; may take
several years to realize
• Strongly recommended; used by auto
body paint shops
• Will result in less wasted product
• May require add. operator training

• May reduce solvent thinner use;
solvent can be recycled
• Uses same distillation unit as
solvent recycling option
-------
Table 5-1, Sheet 2 of 3
SUMMARY OF WASTE MINIMIZATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
WASTE STREAM/ LOCATION,
OPERATION
SOLVENTS
Base-wide, cleaning and
degrees ing operations

Industrial Machine Shop,
"Gunk Tank"
Industrial and Public Works,
snail parts washers

BILGE WASTE
Base-wide, bilge management




WASTE WIN OPTION
*
•.
• Solvent substitution
* • Best management practices
• Substitute "Hurri-Sefe"
• Add filtration units
* • Solvent distillation
• Oil/water separators on
all vessels
* • Oil/water separator on
base
* • Eliminate use of
emulsifying detergents
• Ultrafiltration unit on
base
• Use oil/water separator
at Ketchikan Shipyard
TOTAL CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
--
Minimal
--
Minimal
$4,000
--
$26,050
••
$43,500
--
.•SpiiiuAP'
i&tENEFIT
-•
Unknown
$600
Unknown
$6.200
--
$18,680
--
$17,360
--
PAYBACK
PERIOD
--
N/A
--
Unknown
0.6
--
1.4
-•
2.5
--
„',#• COMMENTS
• Considered case-by-case. Test
product for effectiveness and
disposal options.
• Could reduce purchase and disposal
costs significantly.
• Sludge disposable as haz. waste
• Could extend solvent life 2-3
times
• Savings based on paint wastes;
both can be distilled with same
unit
• Not feasible for smaller vessels
• Oil can be recycled or burned for
energy recovery
• Necessary adjunct to use of oil/
water separator
• Oil can be recycled or burned for
energy recovery
• Not currently available
-------
Table 5-1, Sheet 3 of 3
SUMMARY OF WASTE MINIMIZATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
WASTE STREAM. LOCATION,
OPERATION
WASTE OIL
Base-wide, lubricating and
generator oils





WASTE ANT I FREEZE/COOLANT
Base-wide, from vessels and
vehicles

BATTERIES
Base-wide, primarily from
ATON units and vehicles

PAPER. GLASS. ALUMINUM. ETC.
Base-wide



WASTE MIN OPTION
• Waste oil heater (on-site
energy recovery)
• Off-site energy recovery-
Ketch ikan pulp mill
• Combination off -site and
on-site energy recovery
* • Off -site oil recycling
• Extended oil change
intervals through oil
testing
• By-pass filtration
* • Purify on-site and re-use
• Recycle off-site
• Recycle all batteries
* • Recycle lead-acid
batteries with payback
* • Take paper to USFS
collection point
• Participate in City
recycling program
• Participate in regional
recycling efforts
*• Scrap equipment and metal
to local scrapper
TOTAL CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
$7,100
$1,400
$8,300
--
Unknown
<$200 ea
$8,000
--
--

--
--
--
--
NET ANNUAL
BENEFIT
$10,080
$16,480
$17,700
$25,750
Unknown
Unknown
$6,155
--
$7,240
$13,560
Unknown
--
--
Unknown
PAYBACK
PERIOD
0.7
<0.1
0.5
N/A
~ •
--
1.3
--
N/A
N/A
--
--
--
--
1111 * '•-•••••• COMMENTS •%'
... 	 	 ..: 	 	 •:•::•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•• ::/..::•:•
• Ideal for heating buoy shed or
warehouse; could use two heaters
• Oil must meet burning
specifications
• One waste oil heater; all other
oil goes to pulp mill
• Oil must be free of halogenated
solvent contamination
• Proven successful for fleet
maintenance; expense & effort
occurs in first year.
• Extends life of oil, reduces
purchase and disposal costs
• Need to verify that system can
purify Nalcool and Paxcool
• Being investigated by SMD Juneau
• All types of batteries accepted
• Payback for lead in lead-acid
batteries; all others recycled at
Chempro
• Avoids landfill disposal costs
• Program planned to start in 1991
• In planning stages
• Avoids landfill disposal costs and
haul ing
-------
 1.    Hazardous Waste Coordinator
      A civilian hazardous waste coordinator, whose primary responsibility is to oversee hazardous
      materials and waste management activities, would be able to provide greater emphasis to the
      program and would avoid the discontinuity in program management which may occur from
      rotation of Coast Guard personnel.

 2.    Shoo Waste Coordinators
      Better participation and "quality control" would occur if one person were designated in each
      area where waste is generated  to  oversee management of waste in that area and to be
      responsible for its proper handling.

 3.    Task Force
      A waste minimization task force comprised of the shop waste coordinators, the hazardous
      materials coordinator, and perhaps a higher ranking administrator, could be formed to provide
      input, new ideas, ongoing support, and  base-wide participation in a waste minimization
      program.  Often the best ideas come from within an organization at the operations level. In
      addition, this task force could encourage and participate in community waste reduction efforts,
      providing a forum for information exchange with Ketchikan Public Works, U.S. Forest Service,
      or other organizations.

 4.    Education
      Every employee should understand why it is important to deal with wastes carefully, how
      wastes must be handled, what the proper disposal methods are, who  is responsible for waste
      containers, and what the consequences are of mishandled wastes.

 5.    Specific Training
      Training in specific operations can  enhance waste minimization efforts. For example, skill
      enhancement for paint spray gun operators can help reduce paint loss due to overspray. In each
      process or operation conducted  at  Base Ketchikan, specific training could be offered to
      enhance personnel skills as well as to reinforce and improve waste reduction activities.

6.    Segregate Waste Streams
      Reduction in hazardous waste volume cannot occur without  segregation of waste  streams.
      Significant quantities of waste oil are currently being shipped offsite as hazardous waste which
      could potentially be recycled or burned for energy recovery if solvents and other contaminants
      were not mixed in with the oil.
910522.1239                                   5_5
sl/ketchikan/wastemin.doc
-------
7.    Label Waste Containers
      Each receptacle of waste oil, antifreeze, paint or other waste which serves as an accumulation
      point should be clearly labeled to indicate what may be dumped in. This will aid in waste
      segregation efforts.

8.    Store Paints and Solvents in Heated Areas
      Paint stored in outdoor paint lockers during the winter months can be ruined by freezing.
      Improved paint storage will reduce wasted paint.

9.    Improve Small  Quantity Procurements
      Minimize large quantity orders when only a small quantity is needed. More sharing/trading
      of materials (paints, adhesives, solvents) among shops should be promoted.

      The "83 stock" system  could be  utilized much more.  Increase employee awareness of its
      benefits, materials stocked, and access. Avoid ordering materials for which suitable substitutes
      (or existing supplies) reside in "83 stock."
5.3   CONCLUSIONS
Base Ketchikan has a tremendous opportunity to initiate a waste minimization program which could
have outstanding results.  The potential for reduction of the hazardous waste stream is very high.
Up-front capital investment to begin realization of waste reduction benefits is surprisingly small. The
total of new  equipment costs  for oil/water  separation,  oil recycling, paint waste  and thinner
distillation, antifreeze purification is approximately $45,350.  Recycling batteries and landfilling
nonhazardous blasting waste would require no additional expense. The total net annual benefit from
implementing the recommended options is estimated at over $112,000. If the liquid hazardous waste
stream were reduced 80% and the solid hazardous waste stream reduced 90%, hazardous waste disposal
costs would drop to less than $90,000 per year.

The favorable economics associated with  waste minimization speaks  for  itself.  We do well to
remember that changes in dealing with waste require attitudinal and "cultural" changes, because habits
are slow to die and new ways of doing things are not always quickly accepted, no matter how
effective they may be.  A fully integrated  implementation plan which inspires participation at all
levels may enhance the success of any technology and/or management alternatives selected by the
Coast Guard.
910522.1239                                   5_6
sl/ketchikan/wastenrin.doc
-------
                       APPENDIX A
                  BLASTING OPERATIONS
                          NOTE

Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this report  does not in any way  imply  EPA  or  SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
 KLEEN  BLAST
                            A Word About
                            Kleen Blast®	
                              KLEEN  BLAST®, established in
                            1970, has administrative headquarters in
                            Danville, California, and distributes from
                            its own warehouses in Hayward, Cali-
                            fornia; Portland, Oregon; and Tacoma,
                            Washington.
                              KLEEN BLAST® is the only
                            abrasive manufacturer on the West Coast
                            that distributes its own product by way
                            of its fleet of pneumatic, bottom-dump,
                            and flatbed trailers.
                              KLEEN  BLAST® has the largest
                            bulk storage facilities on the West Coast
                            with total storage capacity of over 4,000
                            tons of dry, bulk abrasive.
           ALL PURPOSE ABRASIVES

            FOR A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT

      Distributed by KLEEN BLAST® — A Division of Leisure Investment Co.
   Headquarters: 809 Podva Rd., Danville. CA 94526 • (415) 831-9800 • (800) 356-7323 • Fax (415) 831-9183
  Plant:30028IndustrialPkwy. S.W., Hayward, CA 94544 • (415)489-9444 • (800)227-1134 • Fax (415)471-2447
   Plant: 3650 N.W. YeonAve.. Portland, OR 97210 • (503)228-3965 • (800)634-8499 • Fax (503) 228-6807
Plant: 1448 St Paul Ave, Tacoma, WA 98421 • (206)383-2168 • (206)838-1171 • (800)228-4786 • Fax (206) 383-2267
-------
                             KLEEN BLAST®
                  PRODUCT SIEVE ANALYSIS — ASTM-D 451-75
 PRODUCT PASSING
   BY PERCENT
 ON U.S. SCREENS      30-60           35           16-30   	16	8-12
#10
#12
#16
#20
#30
#50
#70
Pan


95-100
90-95
80-90
10-35
0-10
0-Trace

95-100
90-99
75-90
40-55
0-10
0-5
0-Trace

90-100
60-80
40-60
15-30
1-5
0-2
0-Trace
90-100
80-95
40-60
10-30
0-10
0-2

0-Trace
55-75
30-50
5-20
2-15
0-10
0-5

0-Trace
         KLEEN BLAST® USES BY SCREEN SIZE
                    @80-90 psi AT THE NOZZLE:

#30-60    Light mill scale, vinyls, structural marine work. Feather edging on touch-up work.
          Should provide .05-1.5 mil at 70-80 psi. Can be used on non ferrous - car bodies,
          light steel, and hardwoods.

#35       Mill scale, structural steel, bottom paint prep. For a light profile, will feather edge.
          Recommended for most  light sandblast operations.  1.5-3.0 mil profile.

#16-30    Shipyard sandblasting - all types of hull and structural work.  Bottom prep, shop
          blasting, concrete stripping, bridge blasting. 3.0-5.0  mil profile.

#8-12     For after blending, when  reusing slag materials.  Also used on heavy rust and mil
          scale. As this material is for blending, same mil profile as #16-30 is used.
 KLEEN BLAST® ABRASIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS*
MAJOR ELEMENTS                SiOz              45.5
                               FezOs             23.3
                               AizOa              7.2
                               CaO              19.6
                               MgO               3.7

TRACE METALS                  Arsenic                 .001
                               Cadmium               .0001
                               Beryllium               .0008
                               Lead                   .004

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS       Specific gravity                   2.8
                               Moh hardness                    7-8
                               Density (Ibs. per cu. ft.)             110
         KLEEN BLAST9 CONTAINS NO FREE SILICA
-------
— MEETS ALL CURRENT REQUIREMENTS OF MIL SPEC. 22262 FOR SHIPS —

— IS CERTIFIED FOR DRY UNCONFINED BLASTING BY CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD —

— MEETS ALL CURRENT OSHA, NIOSH & EPA CHEMICAL LIMITS —
      TYPICAL LEACHATE FOR CALIFORNIA HAZARDOUS WASTE EXTRACTION TEXT 66700
              TESTING DONE BY COMMERCIAL TESTING OF GOLDEN, COLORADO
                        Results:  Reported as mg/L on an STLC basis
                                                                         SOLUBILITY
PARAMETER                               KLEEN BLAST                THRESHOLD LIMIT

Antimony, Sb                               0.030                               15
Arsenic, As                                 0.109                               5.0
Barium, Ba                                 3.7                                 100
Cadmium. Cd                             < 0.02                                1.0
Chromium, Total, Cr                         0.366                               560

Chromium, trivalent, Cr*3                      0.345                               5
Cobalt, Co                                 0.38                                80
Copper. Cu                                 0.238                               25
Fluorine, F                                 1.5                                 180

Lead. Pb                                   0.15                                5.0
Mercury, Hg                              < 0.009                               0.2
Molybdenum, Mo                           0.052                               350
Selenium, Se                             < 0.002                               1.0
Silver, Ag                                < 0.004                               5

Thallium, T1                                0.2                                 7.0
Vanadium, V                                0.11                                24
Zinc, An                                   2.50                                250
                                        WARNING
   When  using  Copper Slag abrasive  blasting  grit, the  following  safety  precautions should  be
   mandatory:
       1.  Niosh approved respiratory or breathing device should be worn, to avoid inhalation of dust
          which may aggravate lung condition.
       2.  Avoid breathing dust.
       3.  Wear proper abrasive resistant clothing; leather  gloves, safety shoes, for protection  in an
          abrasive environment.
       4.  Dispose of spent material according to all City, County, State and Federal regulations.
       5.  Avoid pointing abrasive blasting nozzle at any point other than the surface being worked on.
          Abrasive  blasting grit under pressure  may cause serious bodily  injury from embedded
          abrasive particles.
-------
          Speed Your Production With These

      KLEEN BLAST®  Advantages


        Less Health  Hazard  •  Less Labor •  Dust Free

    No Free Silica  •  Faster Cutting  •  Moh Hardness 7-8

                      Proven in actual working tests


FAST CUTTING
KLEEN BLAST* is a hard, durable copper slag abrasive with a bulk density of 110
Ibs. per cubic foot. This slag has a low iron content giving it no magnetic properties. Its
hardness and low friability factor enable it to remove paint and rust without excessive
breakdown on impact, thereby causing less dust in the work area. These factors allow
it to outperform other blasting abrasives while providing increased savings on cleanup
and disposal.

UNIFORMITY
KLEEN  BLAST® is available  in five  (5) industry  standard sizes, giving  our
customers the option to choose for each particular job. Because of our State of the Art
screening facility, we can provide our customers with the same uniformity in product
time after time. We also have the capacity for custom blending products to meet your
specific needs.

DELIVERY
KLEEN BLAST* is available , in 100 Ib. bags, 2 ton metal bins and 3,000-4,000 Ib.
jumbo  sacks. We also can deliver by direct railcar,  or our  own fleet of KLEEN
BLAST*  owned and operated  bulk  pneumatic, belly dump, or flatbed trailers.
Because we haul only KLEEN BLAST* produced abrasives in our fleet of trucks ,
our product  will be free  of all outside sources  of  contamination associated with
common carriers. As we are on call seven  days  a week,  24 hours a day, we can
expedit your delivery on a moment's notice.

APPLICATIONS
KLEEN BLAST® is being used by the U.S. Navy Shipyards, civilian shipyards, painting
contractors, and steel fabricators, in all aspects of the surface preparation industry, from
ships to bridges to refineries, and is singled out as the product to use by many industrial
users.
The information set forth herein Is based on technical data believed to be accurate; It Is intended for use by persons having
technical skill and at their own discretion and risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties,
express or implied, and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information.
-------
              KLEEN  BLAST
                     A DIVISION OF LEISURE INVESTMENT CO.
Dear Customer:

Please allow me to provide you with the following  information
regarding milspec  verification  concerning  Xleen  Blast  abra-
sives :

Kleen Blast meets  all  current  requirements  as  per- NAVSEA in
MIL-A-22262  (SH).   Our  material  is tested prior  to  shipping
for compliance  to specifications  as  required by NAVSEA.    This
material  meets  all necessary  criteria  of Q.P.L.  requirements.
Please be advised, the MOH hardness of  this material is  7-8.

If I  may  be  of any further  assistance  please do not  hesitate
to call me on  our toll free number 1-800-228-^786.   Thank you
for your  time in this  matter!

Very Truly Yours,
Joe Schmidt
SALES REP.

JS/dgl
                      ALL PURPOSE ABRASIVES
            Headquarters: 809 Podva Rd., Danville, CA 94526 • {415} 831-9800 • Fax (415) 831-9183
          Plant: 30028 Industrial Parkway S.W., Hayward, CA 94544 • (415) 489-9444 • fax (415) 471-2447
        Plant: 3650 N.W. Yeon /We., Portland, OR 97210 • (503) 228-3965 • (800) 634-8499 - Fax (503) 228-6807
         Plant: 1448 St. Paul Ava., Tacoma, WA 98421 • (206) 383-2168 '• (800) 228-4786 • Fax (206) 383-2267
-------
mEENMASf
              KLEEN  BLAST
                     A DIVISION OF LEISURE INVESTMENT CO.
     November 16, 1990
Dear Customer:

As of September  15,  1990  the E.P.  Toxicity  method for Leaching
tests is no longer  acceptable  by the E.P. A. and the State Depart-
ment of Ecology.  As  of that date ycu will reed proof  of Tcxicity
Characteristic
                     eaching   Procedure  (T.C.L.r.)  test   results.
     Please  put  cur T.C.L.P.  in your file for future  reference.   You
     will also find the E.P.A.  regulations in the enclosed.

     If I may provide you with any  further Information please "do not
     hesitate to call.

     Best Regards,
                           ALL PURPOSE ABRASIVES
                 Headquarters: 809 Podva Rd., Danville. CA 94526 • (415) 831-9800 • Fax (415) 831-9183
               Plant 30028 Industrial Parkway S.W., Hayward. CA 94544 • (415) 489-9444 • Fax (415) 471-2447
             Plant: 3650 N.W. Yeon Ave., Portland. OR 97210 • (503) 228-3965 • (800) 634-8499 • Fax (503) 228-6807
              Plant: 1448 St. Paul Ave., Tacoma, WA 98421 • (206) 383-2168 • (800) 228-4786 • Fax (206) 383-2267
-------
             SOUND  ANALYTICAL SERVICES,  INC.
                     SPECIALIZING IN INDUSTRIAL & TOXIC WASTE ANALYSIS
          46X> PACIFIC HIGHWAY EAST. SUITE B-14, TACOMA, WASHINGTON 9*424 • TELEPHONE (206)922-2310 • FAX (206)922- 5047
        Report To: Kleen Blast
        Report On: Analysis of Sand  Blast
                           Material
        IDENTIFICATION:
        Samples Received on 11-06-90
        Client ID:  #16
                   Date: November 7, 1990
                   Lab No.: 14377
        ANALYSIS;
        Sample was  extracted in  accordance with Toxicity  Characteric
        Leaching Procedure  (TCLP)  in accordance  with Federal Register,
        November 7, 1988.
        Contaminant

        Arsenic
        Barium
        Cadmium
        Chromium
        Copper
        Lead
        Mercury
        Nickel
        Selenium
        Silver
        Zinc
Concentration (ma/1)

      < 0.1
      < 0.1
      < 0.1
      < 0.1
        0.3
      < 0.1
     < 0.05
      < 0.1
      < 0.1
      < 0.1
      < 0.1
Max Cone..
 fma/11
   5.0
 100.0
   1.0
   5.0

   5.0
   0.2

   1.0
   5.0
                                                                  VICES
                                              STAN P-  PALMQUISTI
  , taued .ote* for U*u* of U*pwion or eo»W
... ____ .  . ______ . ..... . ____ A ...
                         Inc. or Hi fmnlfwpB he responsible for eanaraurnlul or Hwcial damned in tny kind or in any amount.
-------
 Material Safety Data Sheet
 May be used to comply with
 OSKA's Hazard Communication Standard,
 29 CFR 1910 1200. Standard must be
 consutied lor specific requirements.
                         U.S. Department of Labor
                         Occupational Safety and Health Administration
                         (Non-Mandatory Form)  ;. •;  ;: -    '   '
                          Form Approved
                         OMB No. 1218-0072    r       '    'l_'_
 IDENTITY (As Used on Labe/ and List)
                                 KLEEN BLAST
                         Hote Blank spaces »n not permlmd. IftnyHwn a not appfcab*, or no
                             Momation is tvaita&e. the space must be ma/totf to hofcat that
 Section I
Manufacturer's Name
KLEEN BLAST DIVISION
Adorers (timber. Steel, C/ry. Stare, art ZIP Co*;
809 Podva Road
Danville, California 94526

Emergency Telephone Number
(206)
Telephone Number for Information
(415)
Date Prepared
March
383-2168 '••••'•'-
831-9800
31, 1988
Stgnaure o) Preparer (options.')
 Section II — Hazardous Ingredienls/ldentity Information
         Components (Specific Chemical Identity, Common Name(s))   OSHA PEL
                                                                    ACGIH TLV
                                                       Other bmrts
                                                      Recommended
                                (options!)
     Iron  Oxide  (as Z  Fe203)   CAS-1309-37-1
                                        5 mg/m3
                               23Z
     Silica as  S102 /  0.1%  free  Silica  CAS7440-21-3
                                       10 mg/m3
                              45Z
     Alumina as  A1203
CAS-7429-90-5
10 mg/m3
 7Z
     Calcium as  CaO
CAS-1305-78-8
 2 mg/m3
19Z
     Other trace  metals and  oxides
 Section III — Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg )
Vapor Density (AIR - 1)
2400°
N/A
N/A
Specific Gravity (HjO - 1)
Metiing Point
Evaporation Rate
(Butyl Acetate - 1) .
2.8
NONE
NONE
 Solubility- in Water
                  Non
Appearance and Odor
Black
Angular to Sub Angular Granule with no apparent order.
Section IV — Fire and Explosion Hazard Data -\
F«asr. Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits
Material is non-flammable solid N/A
Emmguishing Media
Special Fire Figfrting Procedures
N/A
LEL DEL
• N/A N/A



      .' Firf and Exploson Hazards
                              N/A
(R. •x'.^r.t toe*' >
                                                                                               ?/ Sr*
-------
Section V — Reactivity Data
Snowy
Inert
Solid
Unatabte
Stable

X
CdHjnon to Avoid ;
The material is a stable solid requiring
precautions in normal use. ,
t
no unusual
J i * '
incompatibility (Mtteritis to Avokf)
                               -DONE
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
                                NONE
Hazardous
Polymerization
May Occur
Will Not Occur

X
Conditions to Avoid „/. - . •' " *"' '• .•-••••
N/A • ; • •••'••
: ;-
Section VI — Health Hazard Data
Routes) ol Entry:
InhaJabon?
                               YES
                          Skin?
                                YES
                          Ingesbon?
                                  YES
 Hearth Hazards (Acute tna Chronic)

    This material could produce  respiratory problems  associated with nuisance dust over


    long term exposure in an abrasive blast environment.  NIOSH   Approved  particulate


    respirators as required.
 Carcinogenic ity:
             N/A
NTP?
      N/A
IARC Monographs?
              N/A
OSHA Regulated?
 Signs and Symptoms of Exposjre
                         NONE -  Since the material particulate is  inert and  non fibrogenic,
    exposure  beyond TLV should  be avoided.
 Medical Conditions             _    .                  .         .       .
 Generally Aggravated by Exposure   Respiratory response due to nuisance dust.
Eme-gency and First Aid Procedures
                           Avoid  over exposure to airborne particulate, wear proper
    respiratory equipment.
 Section VII — Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
 Steps to Be Taken in Case Material Is Released c* Spilled  „         ...     '  .               , ,     ,     .
                                         Non specific  cautions, use normal housekeeping  as
    in an abrasive blast environment.
Waste Disposal Method
                  Follow federal, state  and local regulations  as a solid waste.  Spent
    material would require further testing for disposal method.
Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing
                                   Follow good housekeeping practices to reduce airborne
 ,   dust.  Use approved respiratory protection in abrasive blast-environment.
Other Precautions
              Use material for  the purpose intended and incorporate methods of dust
    control  that are  effective  in maintaining airborne dust.
Section VIII — Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Jype)
                          NIOSH  approved  respiratory equipment  for abrasive blast  environment.
Ventilation
YES
Local Exhaust
Mechanical (Genera/;
Protective Gloves j^^,.
Special
Of*" As required for abrasive blast enviro
nment.
Eye Protection
NIOSH approved for abrasive blast environment.
Other Protective OtoMng ex Equipment
                               required  in an abrasive blast  environment.
          Practices
                                                                                      i*M.4f).S2».'t};7i
-------
                                                                                                          1899
                                                                     Analysis and Perspective
            COMPLYING WITH THE NEW RCRA TOXICTTY CHARACTERISTIC AND TCLP
                                          By Ktnrxth H. Kftttner*

     On March 5.1990, Administrator William K ReHlyofthe Environmental Protection Agency signed the new tox-
   icity chorocterufic (TC) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) final rule.' EPA estimates that
   the rule will nearly triple the amount of waste that is considered hazardous under the Resource Conservation and
   Recovery Act. and will directly impact 15*000 generatort. This u because the new rule would tubject to hazardous
   waste regulation any watte that has one or more of 25 organic constituents above the very low regulatory
   concentrations. Some of these constituents are common in industrial operations, tuch as benzene, chloroform.
   IrichloToethylene. vinyl chloride, and carbon tetrachloride.
  Companies that generate or manage hazardous wastes that
exhibit this  new toxicity  characteristic will have only six
months, or until late September, to comply with many of the
requirements of the new rule. Small quantity generators will
have 12 months.
  The companies  will first  have to determine, usually  by
testing,  whether any of their wastes eihibit the new TC. If
they do, companies will quickly have to develop compliance
strategies by considering complex issues regarding permits
and permit exemptions, operation and design standards for
units used to manage TC  wastes, land disposal restrictions,
corrective action measures, and other hazardous waste man-
agement requirements. Timely compliance will be a daunting
challenge, especially for the hundreds of companies that have
so far stayed out of the RCRA hazardous waste program.
  To assist companies in  their compliance efforts, the key
features of the rule as well as steps companies should take to
attempt to comply with the  new rule by September of 1990
are described below.

                     Key Features
  1. The rale provide* that waste b a hazardous waste uder
the toxiciry characteristic  if It  COB lain* uy Me of the
coestitneDtj at Table 1 at a concentration equal to er greater
tkai the respective regulatory level oc tfce Table.
  Note that Table 1 includes eight metals, four insecticides,
and  two herbicides that are currently  regulated oder the
Extraction Procedure toxicity characteristic test These con-
stituents and their regulatory leveb were not changed by the
new rule. Rather, EPA has added 15 organic constituents to
the 14 EP toxicity characteristic constituents, resulting in •
new TC covering 35 distinct constituents.1
  2. TV final rale does not coo tale 13 coutlMeati tkat EPA
proposed to regvlste, although EPA says It may aMresi them
IB a fetore, unspecified ftotice.
  EPA  deleted seven previously proposed TC constituents
because they exhibit a  high degree of hydrolysis (chemical
reaction with  water). The agency's model does Dot account
for significant hydrolysis, and EPA does not have toxidty
data for hydrolysis products. These deleted constJtaeats are:
           M. Kutaer U Of Couuwl U> Newman fc Bot&nfcr P.C.
la Wkcta&cioo. DC Bt wu formerly the Asstotaot GescnJ COOBM!
for U* Cbenucjl Uuiuftrturtrs AjMxUUoe. Tbt opinion* tad cne-
ehoJoof of tail anicfe an toWj Utow d Ui. KavtMr, «ad eo not
rrprweot uy •dJlorial potitioo trf U* Boreas of Natfe**] Alain,
lac.
  acrylooitrik
  bis (2-cMoroethyl) ether
  methyicBe chloride
  l,U,J-tetrachJoroe thane
  l.U^-tetrachloroe thane
  1,1,1-tridOoroethaoe
  l.U-trichloroe thane
  Additionally, EPA deleted six constituents it bad proposed
for regulation because the "steady-state" assumption in
EPA's model is inappropriate for these six constituents. The
constituents art
  carbon dvulfide
  1,1-dichtorobenzefle
  phenol
  t3,<>tetrachloropbenol
  toloeoe
  3. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure most be
 •sed for aD TC wastes,
  In determining whether a waste stream exceeds the new
 TC regulatory levels, a company must compare the concen-
 tration of the liquid extract from the waste to the regulatory
 levels. The liquid extract  must be obtained by using the
 TCLP.
  The only exception is when the waste contains less than 0.5
 percent filterable solids. In that c»*f. the waste itself, after
.filtering, is considered to be the eztract
  IV rale also requires that the TCLP must be os*d on
 metals, insecticides, and herbicides that have been regulated
 under the old EP toxicity test. Because the TCLP can be a
 more aggressive leaching protocol than the old EP, compa-
 nies may find that certain waste streams that formerly did
 not exhibit the EP toxicity characteristic will become TC
 hazardous wastes when the TCLP is applied.
 ^.4. Ti«e TC levtls were rvfaerf sc tfcey »MU a* fce Wrw
 levels at wUcfc the  TC  coesUtoeBts  co*M aormally be
 tfetectatf.
  EPA has set the levels for 2,4-dinitrotoluene, bexaehloro-
 benzene, and pyhdine at the commonly measurable levels
 ("Practical Quntitatioc. Limit") for these constituents, be-
 cause their health-based regulatory levels would have been
 below normal detection  limits.
  S. The TC rale wfll not apply, at least for the time beiag, to
 eertaia wastes  co»uialnj porycklorl&atetf blpheiyb aW  to
 eMtamlaatetf gaedia from petrotaun  urfergroud storage
 taaa efeaMio.
  Specifically, tfce TC rale will not apply to PCB-cootainiag
 dielectric fcuds removed from electrical tram/ormen and
»-B-SQ
-------
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS
                                                 1901
ing one of the interim statin or permltUnf exemptions at 40
CFR MS.l(c) and 2M.4(g). Cootider particularly the exemp-
tions for accumulating waste lea than 90 day* or tor waste
water treatment that la entirely in tank system where the
discharge U sent to a sewafe treatzoent facility or under a
Clean Water Act permit
  Step fc If interim status/permits cannot be avoided, take
the necessary steps to obtain or amend your facility's interim
status or permit status within the attached Table 1 timeline,
and meet the applicable design, operation, record-keeping,
financial responsibility, and other requirements for the units
that are being used for the TC wastes.
  Step 7: Anticipate the land disposal restrictions, and plan
for compliance  or develop alternative strategies.
  The statute requires EPA to issue land disposal restrictions
(LDRs) no later than six months after the "identification" of
the TC. It is unclear whether the TC is "identified" OB the date
it appears in the Federal Register or six months thereafter,
when it is effective.
  The  preamble to the TC rule can be read to support both
interpretations. If the Federal Register publication starts
the LDR clock  ticking, EPA should promulgate restrictions
for TC wastes by late September 1990. If the effective date
starts the LOR clock ticking, EPA should promulgate restric-
tions by late March 1991.
  The  timing issue is further complicated by the fact that a
federal district court is currently considering whether to
order EPA to issue LDRs for TC wastes by a date the court
would specify.' Whatever the date, if EPA fails to meet it the
TC wastes are not automatically prohibited from land dispos-
al as has been the case for all wastes previously subject to the
LDRs. Since there is no "hard-hammer," EPA will probably
not promulgate the LDRs until it has adequate treatability
and capacity data to do so.
  Because the  capacity data will not be available until at
least early 1991, after EPA receive* TC generator notifica-
tions,' disposal restrictions for TC wastes are not likely to be
finalized before late March 1991 and possibly much later. For
current planning purposes, you  should probably assume
LDRs for TC wastes will be in effect by late March 1991. but
it is very possible that this date will change.
  Just as important as the timing is the fact that in the Nov.
22.1989, proposed "third-third" LDR rule, EPA proposed to
prohibit land disposal for many EP toxicity characteristic
wastes unless the wastes are first pretreated to concentra-
tions that are often well below the EP toxicity characteristic
regulatory levels.  As an example, under the EP toxicity
characteristic, a waste is hazardous if It has 5.0 milligrams
per liter or more of chromium. Under the proposed "third-
third"  LDR rule, such waste water would have to be treated
to 0.32 mg/I prior to land disposal, even if the waste water,
through aggregation or treatment, had  less than 5.0 mg/1 of
chromium (i.e., was not a hazardous waste) prior to it being
land-disposed.      .                                  jk
  EPA may similarly require treatment to below characterfj
istic levels for many of the new TC wastes. If so,  many TC
wastes would have to be incinerated prior to land disposal to
meet the low levels EPA would likely propose for most of the
solvent TC wastes. As such, you should be exploring options
for pretreatment by incineration, or better yet, find ways to
eliminate use of land disposal units for TC wastes.
  Step  I: Anticipate the minimum technological require-
ments,  and plan for compliance or  develop alternative
strategies.
  After the effective date of the TC rale (late September
1990), any new  landfill, surface impoundment, or waste pile
that is used for TC waste (as well as any lateral expansion or
replacement of sach nits) most have table-linen and a
kackatt eoOectke and teak detection system. Moreover, by
lev years thereafter (September ItM), a existing surface
inpondmeat that is osed for TC waste nmst be retrofitted to
meet these minimum technological requirements. EPA also
wffl consider In Its disposal restriction rale for TC wastes
whether to shorten this four-year time period for retrofitting
impoundments and whether to require retrofitting of landfills
In situations where such units are used to manage TC waste
that has been granted an LDR capacity variance.
  Step ft Anticipate closure requirements, and plan for com-
pliance or develop alternative strategies.
  Units that receive TC wastes after the effective date (late
September 1990) will eventually have to dose pursuant to
stringent RCRA Subtitle C closure requirements. Gosore will
be triggered when the unit ultimately stops receiving hazard-
ous waste unless the facility applies to delay closure, which is
a limited option for certain units.
  Step 19: Anticipate corrective action requirements, and
plan for compliance or develop alternative strategies
  If your facility will have to obtain RCRA interim status for
the first time because it will manage a TC hazardous waste,
the entire facility will become subject to the RCRA correc-
tive action program. This could result in a requirement to
remedy  contamination  throughout your  plant site. On the
                      TABLE 2
               Implementation Timeline
              For Toxicity Characteristic
     I Months: Publication in the Federal Register
     3 Months:
     » Generators of 1000 kg/mo or more and TSDFi who
   have not previously notified submit 3010 Notification
   to EPA.
     C months:
     > Facilities wishing to avoid entering the RCRA pro-
   gram cease managing newly regulated TC hazardous
   wastes. Units that were receiving TC hazardous wastes
   cease  further receipt  in  order  to avoid  regulation
   under Subtitle C.
     » Large quantity generators begin to comply with all
   applicable Subtitle C regulations for newly regulated
   TC wastes.-
     » Newly regulated facilities
     - Submit Part A permit application.
     » Already regulated facilities
     • Interim Status Facilities: submit amended Part A
   permit application.
     • Permitted  TSDFs:  submit Class  1  permit
   modification.
     12noBthK
     » Small quantity generators begin to comply with all
   applicable Subtitle C regulations for newly regulated
   TC wastes.
     » Already regulated facilities
     • Permitted TSDFs: submit Class 2 or Class 3 permit
   modifications.
     1C Hoc the
     » Newly regulated land disposal units: submit Part B
   permit application and certifications to EPA  — Inter-
   in Status terminates for those land disposal units that
   did not submit their Part B permit application and
   certifications by this date.
3-23-tO
-------
1902
                           ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
other hand, if jour facility had interim status, to to interim
•Utat, or it subject to permitting for managing other ooo-TC
hazardous wastes, it is already subject to RCRA corrective
action, regardless of whether you will also manage new TC
wastes.
  SUp 11: Anticipate the LDRs that will apply to TC wastes
at remediation sites,  and plan  for compliance or develop
alternative strategies.
  When you remedy  tites under the  superfund law, RCRA
corrective action, closure, and the underground storage tank
program,4 or when you  do  general  plant excavation  and
construction, you may remove wastes, contaminated soil,
debris, and  ground water that  exhibit the TC After EPA
prepares disposal restrictions for TC wastes, these wastes
and  contaminated media generally cannot be removed and
placed back in a land disposal unit or on the ground unless the
wastes and media have been pretreated  to very low LDR
treatment standards.  Companies should consider trying to
"beat" this LDR clock at remediation and excavation sites.
Try  to remedy all TC wastes and  TC-conUminated  media
prior to EPA's promulgation of  LDRs for  these wastes. This
will  avoid significant delays and expense.
                               i Ma
                                                                      rt System;
                         Note*
  < Tat nk to titled "Hazardoa Wan
fcaUoo aad Listing of Bazardoa Wast*; ToxJdty
Revisions." Hereafter the rek will be referred to as the TC Rale."
The TC Rate has bees sent to the Federal Rtgiiter tor publication
aad to available \L the RCRA Docket Room at EPA In Washington
D.C.
  ' Although there are 40 entries oo the Table, there arc only 55
distinct constituents. A general cresol category is listed in addition to
the distinct cresol constituents — o-cresol, m-cresol. and p-cresol.
  • Se« Environmental Defente Fund v. EPA, DC DC, No. It-
OSH.
  > ESri«Hm treatment, storage, and disposal  facilities that art al-
ready subject to RCRA Subtitle C need not  submit a  generator's
ooUficatioo if they dctennifie they arc managing TC wanes. All other
oew generators of TC wastes must submit a genera tor's notification.
  ' As discussed in Section A, EPA hu deferred the TC for petrols-
urn-cooUmicat«d m*dia that is being cleaned up under tbe under-
ground stonge tank program. But tbe TC and LDRs for TC wastes
coold apply to cleanups of underground storage tanks that contain
hazardous substaaces.
                                                                                                     Journal
                    CONGRESS
House Bills And Resolutions Introduced

   HR 4255, March 13, to amend the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act to add Morro Bay, Calif., to the national estuary
program (Panelta) jointly to Public  Works  and Merchant
Marine.
   HR 4256, March 13, to provide for  the funding of certain
wildlife fire programs of the USDA and Interior Department
(Robert  F.  Smith)  jointly  to  Agriculture,  Interior,  and
Appropriations.
Act (55 FR 9517). Comments on DJ. 90-5-2-1-1076 should be
sent by April 13 to the above address.
  DOJ March 13 requested comments on a consent decree
lodged Feb. 28 in U.S. v. Akzo Chemicals Inc. (DC SAla, No.
90-0-162) involving compliance with the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (55
FR 9374). Comments on D.J. 90-11-2-406 should be sent by
April 12 to the above address.
  DOJ March 13 requested comments on a consent decree
lodged March  1 in  US.  v.  NAACO Inc. (DC  RI,  No.
CA-90-0107) involving alleged violations of the Gean Air Act
(55 FR 9375). Comments on DJ. 90-5-2-1-1318 should be sent
by April 12 to the above address.
                                                                               MEETINGS
               EXECUTIVE BRANCH
JurtJc*

  Tbe Department of Justice March 14 requested comments
on a consent decree lodged March 2 in US. v. J.Y. Arnold
and Associates Inc. (DC WKy,  No. C87-0345) involving
alleged violations of the Clean Air Act (55 FR 9517). Com-
ments on DJ. 90-5-2-1-1043 should be sent by April IS to the
Assistant Attorney  General, Land and Natural  Resources
Division, DOJ, Washington, D.C. 20534.
  DOJ March 14 requested comments on a consent decree
lodged  Feb.   28  in  US.  v. R.EA.G.  (DC COM,  No.
B-87-24{TFGD) Involving alleged violations of the Clean Air
                        April

  Co&fereace on Control of Combined  Sewer Overflows,
Water Pollution Control Federation, April 8-11, Boston (Lib-
by Strickland, Water Pollution Control Federation, 601 Wythe
SL,Alexandria, Va. 22314; (703) 684-2417)
  Seminar oa TV Oeu Air Act Amendments: TWlr Impact
oa Yen, Air and Waste Management Association, April 11,
Richmond, Va. (Air and Waste Management Association, P.O.
Box 2861, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1S230-, (412) 232-3444)
  Goafereace aad Exposition OB  laterutioBal  High Level
Radioactive Waste Management, American Society of Civil
Engineers, April 8-12, Las Vegas, Nev. (American Society of
Civil Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., N.Y. 10017; (212) 705-7543)
 3-23-M
Copyright C 1990 by Th» BUTMU of NctJonal AfUlrs. Inc..
                                vi
                     . D.C.
-------
Ki^BLAST    KLEEN  BLAST
                           A DIVISION OF LEISURE INVESTMENT CO.
      Kieen Blast Ail-Purpose Abrasives are available at the  following
      authorized distrubtors in Western Washington, Canada, Alaska
      and Oregon.
      ANACORTES:
      BELLINGHAM:
      HADLOCK:
      BURLINGTON:
      OAK HARBOR:
      POULSBO:
      WESTERN WASHINGTON

Concrete  Nor'West
764 Marches Point Road
Anacortes, Washington  93221
Doyle Assink

Cascade Building Materials, Inc.
2209 East Eakerview Spur
Eellinghan, Washington  93226
Larry Reed & Gary Little
Fred Hill  Materials Inc.
^990 S.R.  #20
Hadlock, Washington
Rich Wallace
                                           S3339
Concrete  Nor'West
1912 South Burlington Blvd.
Burlington, Washington  96233
Ron Van Dam & Wayne Eeath

Concrete  Nor'West
3199 Oak  Harbor Road
Oak Harbor, Washington  9&277
Joe Short

Fred Hill Materials, Inc.
16424 LeKolo Shore Drive N.E.
Foulsbo,  Washington  98370
Pete Hill & Gary Mort
                                                       (2C6) 293-2514
                                                       (206) 676-2880
(206)  385-4100
                                                       (206) 757-3121
                                                       (206) 675-2625
                                                       (206) 779-4431
     SURREY, B.C.:
            CANADA

O.C.L.  Industrial Material, Inc.
13364 Comber Way
Surrey,  B.C., Canada  V3W-5V9
Dennis  Spence, John Reidl  &
Alan Wa^dell
                                                       (604) 594-5050
                            ALL PURPOSE ABRASIVES
                 Headquarters: 809 Podva M., Danville, CA 94526 • (415) 831-9800 • Fax (415) 831-9183
               Plant 30028 Industrial Parkway S.W.. Hayward, CA 94544 • (415) 489-9444 • Fax (415) 471-2447
             Plant: 3650 N.W. Yeon Ava.. Portland, OR 97210 • (503) 228-3965 • (800) 634-8499 • fax (503) 228-6807
              Plant: 1448 St. Paul Ava., Tacoma. WA 98421 • (206) 383-2168 • (800) 228-4786 • Fax (206) 383-2267
-------
                               (2)


                              ALASKA

ANCHORAGE:        Great Western Chemical Co.
                  4175 Tudor Center Drive
                  Anchorage, Alaska  99501          (90?) 276-6809
                  Jim Zimmerman & Mike Brockhoff

FAIRBANKS:        Great Western Chemical Co.
                  430 West Trainor Gate Road
                  Fairbanks, Alaska  99701          (907) ^52-1555
                  Ken Smith & Mike Curry

KENAI:            Great Western Chemical Co.
                  Mile 17, Kenai Spur Highway
                  Kenai, Alaska  99611              (907) 283-^308
                  Kathy Cruickshank & Jay Hogeland


                              OREGON

TUALATIN:         Western Industrial Supply Co.
                  12505 Southwest Herman Road
                  Tualatin, Oregon  97062-9998      (503) 692-9212
                  Bruce Miller
-------
                     'DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
                                   CC
                                                    OPR:  55Z314
                                                    Ser 5523/569
                                                  0 i
Kleen Blast, A Division of
 Leisure Investment Co.
Attn: Kr. Mark Gadsby
1446 St. Paul Avenue
Tacojr.a, KA 98421

Gentlemen:

Results of qualification tests conducted on your "Kleen Blast"  ab-
rasive blasting media produced at your Pacific Abrasive and  Supply,
vrest Carson Road, Grand Forks, B.C., Canada, VOH 1-KO  plant  indicate
confonTiance of the product with the requirements for Type  I- of  Mili-
tary Specification K1L-A-22262A(SH).  A report of the  required  plant
survey has not "been received from DCASMA, Ottawa; however, they have
advised this Command by phone that the survey was completed  and a
report is being forwarded immediately-

Qualification-approval is granted the "Kleen Blast" abrasive manu-
factured at the above plant subject to the conditions  printed on the
reverse side of this page and contingent upon receipt  of a satisfac-
tory plant survey report.

Your product will appear on Qualified Products List QPL-22262 as
follows:

GovernmentManufacturer'sTest or Qualifi-Manufacturer's
Designation   Designation    cation Reference   Name & Address	
                                •
Type I        Kleen Blast     NAVSHIPYD, KARE  -  Kleen Blast,
                              ISLAND Rpt.9631     Div.  of Leisure
                              Ser 134.6/34 t      Investment Co.
                              KEHC Rpt.  6270     1448  St.Paul Ave.
                              Ser 42p/OB213      Tacoma, KA  9B421
                                                 Plant:
                                                  Pacific Abrasive
                                                  and Supply
                                                  West Carson Rd.
                                                  Grand Forks,  B.C.
                            .  '                    Canada VOH 1-HO
-------
_
     Subj:     KLEEN BLAST, DIVISION OF LEISURE INVESTMENT COMPANY
                QUALIFICATION APPROVAL  - ' QPL-22262
     A copy of Mare Island Naval  Shipyard Report 9631, Ser 134.6/34
     dated 16 February 1988 is  forwarded as enclosure  (1) for your
     information and retention.     The NAVSEA point of contact for
     QPL-22262 is Phyllis  Parker, AC 202, 692-9056/Autovon 222-9056.
End:
(1)  Cy NAVSHIPYD,
     MARE ISLAND Rpt.
     9631, Ser 134.6/34
                                  Sincerely,
                                  DAVID W. NELSON
                                  Division Director
                                  DOD Standardization P'rogram
                                   and Documents Division
                                  By direction of Commander
                                  Naval Sea Systems Command
-------
                                                       Christopher L. Getchell
                                                       6455 S. 19th Suite 12A
                                                       Tacoma, WA 98465
                                                       206-565-5492
                BIOASSAY TESTING SERVICES
                      Acuie and Chronic Toxicity Testing
Joe  Schmidt                                            '
Kleen  Blast
1448 St.  Paul  Ave.
Tacoma, WA  98421

Dear Joe,

Included  are  the bioassay  results  on your  samples  Kleen Blast
#16/30 raw and  Tru-Grit heavy grade. The  testing was performed
following DOE  173-303,  method 80-12  testing requirements designed
to classify material as either dangerous waste, extremely hazardous
wastes or non  classified as far as bioassays are  concerned. This
testing is required by the Washington  State Department  of Ecology
before material  can be disposed of, either in landfills or by other
means.
Please note  that the  testing I performed did  not duplicate the
testing performed by the Canadian labs that was  in  the  information
you  mailed me after the tests had begun. In the testing  I performed
the  trout were exposed to  your materials at concentrations  of J.OO
and  1000ppm(.01 and .1%).  The testing  performed  in Canada exposed
trout  to concentrations ranging from 1000 to 100000ppm(.l to 10%).
If  you would  like  to duplicate the work that  was  performed in
Canada the tests would have to be repeated at higher concentrations
of  your material.  Since they exposed the trout to  a  variety of
concentrations you  would  need to select  the concentration that
would  satisfy  their requirements to  avoid unnecessary testing and
additional expense.
The  results  of your material showed  5  out of  30  trout mortalities
in the lOOOppm exposure of the Tru-Grit heavy grade material and
1 out  of 30 mortalities in the lOOOppm exposure  of  the Fleer. 'Blast
#16/30 raw.  There  were no  mortalities  in either of  the   lOOppm
exposures. The results indicate that your material  is unclassified
as far as bioassays  are concerned in Washington  State. There would
have had  to  have been 11 mortalities before the state would have
imposed any restrictions.
If you have  any  questions about the  information  or you  want.to
perform any  additional testing please do not  hesitate to give me
a call. I  appreciated the opportunity to perform this work for you.
 sincerely,
Christopher L. Getchell
Oceanographer/Biologist
-------
                    BIOASSAY TESTING SERVICES
                          6455 So.  19th
                        Tacoma, WA   98465
                          (206)  565-5492
                 STATIC ACUTE PISH TOXICITY TEST
Customer Name: Kleen Blast
Address: 1448 St. Paul'Ave.
         Tacoma, WA  98421

Contact: Joe Schmidt
Phone:  (206)383-2168

Sample  Identification:Kleen Blast #16/30 raw
Analysis Performed: Hazardous Waste Characterization

TEST METHOD:

1. Toxicity test method used:                         .     >
   Salmonid survival test- "General Procedure for Static-Bioassay
   to Evaluate Industrial Effluent Toxicity." Washington Department
   of Ecology. Revised  January 24,  1984; and Biological. Testing
   Methods. Part A,  Static Acute Fish Toxicity Test."  DOE 80-12.
   Revised July 1981.
2. End  point(s)  of test:
   Mortality or 96 hours
3. Deviations from reference method, If  any,  and  the reason(s):
   No deviations
4. Date and time test started:
   3/21/90, 2000hrs
5. Date and time test terminated:
   .3/25/90, 2000hrs
6. Type of test Chamber:
   Glass chamber, 20"X10"X15"
7. Volume of solution used/chamber:                           •  '
   30 litters, 13" deep.
B. Number of organisms/test chamber:
   10 organisms
9. Number of replicate test chambers/treatment:
   3 replicates
10. Acclimation of test organisms (mean and  range):
   30 days, 10 to 90 days
11. Test temperature (mean and range):
   12 degrees centigrade, (11.B,  11.5-12.4)
-------
TEST ORGANISMS:

1. Scientific name:                         :.;...•:
   Salmo qairdneri(rainbow trout)
2. Age:
   34 days
3. Life stage:
   Fingerling
4. Mean length, weight,  and loading:
   2.1cm,  .38gms
5. Source:
   Cascade  Rainbow Trout Fish Farm
6. Food:
   Trout chow
7. Lighting:
   16 hours light, 6 hours dark, 50 to 100 foot candles
8. Diseases and treatment:
   No diseases detected,  no treatment necessary
9. Dilution water used  in test:
   Dechlorinated and aged Bunicipal water

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:

1. Physical and chemical methods used:
a. Temperature-Digital  temperature probe
b. Dissolved oxygen-Membrane Electrode/Azide Modification
c. pH-Standard electrode
d. Conductivity-Conductivity meter
e. Hardness-Titrimetric/EDTA
f. Alkalinity-Titrimetric/Phenolphthalein-Sulfuric acid
g. Weight-Beam balance
h. Residual chlorine-Colorimetric/Ortho-tolidine
1. Ammonia-Colorimetrlc/Nesslerization
j. Nitrate-Colorimetric/Cadmium reduction

RESULTS:

1. Concentration:
a. 1000 mg/l(ppm)
b. 100 mg/Kppm)
c. Control
2. Observed effects:
a. 1/30 mortalities
b. 0/30 mortalities
c. 0/30 mortalities
3. Raw biological data,  including daily records of affected
   organisms in each concentration(including controls):
a. See appendix "A"
b. See appendix "A"
c. See appendix "A"                               - -  - -•• •
4. Summary  table of physical and chemical data:
a. See appendix "A"                                      ••
b. See appendix "A"
c. See appendix "A"
-------
                        APPENDIX B
                  PAINTING OPERATIONS
                           NOTE

Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this  report does not  in any  way imply EPA or SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
           :  3*4-  "-"• &>•*
             £*•&&*<.-.:««.«•: »Si£

                      Paint booth waste

                      minimization series
                       SY?   i-.'i
                       J*-v'   
-------
'HE SOLUTION  IS CLEAR:
 Continuously de-water,
 compact/and discharge
 paint solids. Reuse booth
 water indefinitely.  .
THE PROBLEM
The water wash spray booth continues to be a
valuable  and  necessary production tool for
entraining oversprayed paint solids. Historically.
these solids have been disposed of along with the
booth liquids during routine  maintenance  opera-
tions. As  environmental considerations  have
broadened, so have the costs of disposal of these
materials. It  is no longer a financially or
environmentally sound practice to dispose
of the entire contents of a water or oil-
based spray booth. In California, some paint
wastes command a disposal cost of $600 per 55
gallon drum plus pumping and trucking  costs.
Manpower costs to clean the remaining com-
ponents of the booth are. of course, additional.
As the number of disposal sites decreases
and as the classification of these wastes
becomes more  stringent,  disposal costs
will continue to  escalate. Clearly, controlling
costs in this activity is of ever greater importance.

The greatest savings to be realized will come from
minimizing the volume of wastes presented for
disposal. State and federal regulations notwith-
standing, it makes good business and sotial sense
to recover and recycle.- Adding  to the volume of
       * •              •     •        •'
waste by selecting dry booth panels, various filter •
media, ur massive dosing1 of clay media only adds
to the disposal costs.
                                     .THESOLUTJDN   0   •
                                      The\aos.We'r is remarkably.simple:'
                                                                                    THE FUTURE
                                                                                    As the legal ramifications of waste  storage
                                                                                    transport, and disposal continue  to multiply
                                                                                    managers will focus more sharply on the absoluii
                                                                                    destruction of waste materials. Destroying thesj
                                                                                    wastes will result  in  even  higher charge!
                                                                                    MICROSEPARATORS will play an ever increase
                                                                                    role in holding down these costs and will compld
                                                                                    ment- nicely the use  of further treatment tech-
                                                                                    nologies by minimizing the volumes to be treateJ
                                                                                    Waste paint solid from TSK BOM. Solid content appro
                                                                                    mately 50% by weight
                                                                                          'HE ANSWER IS.HERE:   i
                                                                                           MICROSEPARATION, a
                                                                                           twemy year, old answer  to
                                                                                                       •     *    • t
                                                                                           a  brand new problem.
-------
 iSULTS YOU  CAN  SEE  "
  THE FACTORY AND ON
-------
eneral information useful ._-
for discussion of. MICRO-
SEPARATOR application in
       - •          -    '     -.  •  j
painting  industries. Please."
complete this  section and
have  available for   *
discussions.
Booth type and mfg.
Total # and volume of booths .
Current maintenance program
Chemical treatments in use
Chemical supplier
Estimated annual disposal costs
Percent solids of paint in use
                                        Approximate transfer efficiency
                                        Paint use in gallons/month
                                        NOTE: It is useful to think of the solid phase of the paints you are currently using.
                                        If an average gallon of your paint is 50% solid and your transfer efficiency is 50%.
                                        then one-quarter of each gallon of paint sprayed is waste collected by the booth sump.
                                        By disposing of only this solid phase it is easy to see how the MICROSEPARATOR can
                                        reduce your disposal costs by as much as 75%.
                                                *   %
                                                               Exclusive representation of the
                                                              ' MICROSEPARATOR for North '.
                                                               A'merica and Europe by:
                                                             .   •
                                                              . BA2ELL ASSOCIATES,.INC.*  "
                                                              'i334Belford Drive'   '
                                                               .P.O. Box 31634   '•         '
                                                                         '
                       y -W. LMJA |J > V J^        | ' '              i »           .    ".         1
                  •  ...  Walnut Creek,'CA 945V.  ;'.  ' ,  .  . .,'•  •   •'."..''•'   '   .  •      j
                  ;.  V>Phbne 14151,256:0559,s     -,•.'.;'•'"   .«.  • .'   '    ...•'..'   ..-.".'.•'..
                  •-:. '  F» U1R1 •iC.R.TAOl  .  <>.     *'   . .'•  *    i     •*'..   •  .•'•• •

-------
The New LIGHTHALL SC 1100™

Spray Gun  Cleaning Station

Clean Your Gun Inside And Out
Create a safer/healthier shop environment and save money
                                                            .—•. •- ••
The LJghthall spray gun cleaning station is an air-driven, solvent condensing unit that
is designed to sit on top of a 55 gallon drum or mounted on a work bench. The
S C 1100 can be used with siphon-feed or pressure feed spray guns, draws the cleaning
solvents into the durable fiberglass unit and condenses them back into liquid.Put our unit
on a 55 gallon drum with a removable lid and satisfy the E.P.A.'s double wall containment
rule as well.
Features:
>Minimizes evaporation of organic compounds into the atmosphere
 during spray gun clean up
>Cleans guns the way they were designed to be cleaned
>Saves money by reclaiming solvents
>No pumps to wear out/No filters to change
>Gun hanger and trigger lock
> Greatly reduces VOC levels
>Totally enclosed cleaning tray
>THE SOLUTION TO YOUR SHOPS COMPLIANCE
 LIGHTHALLSC1100
UGHTHALL INDUSTRIES
934 BAY ST.
SANTA CRUZ, CA 95060
(408)429-5111
-------
        Spray Gun
^.^!=;*SW£^.
*'*i .-5 vw*£ T:,. - • / -,"• it *v%?H
                                                      J -• •''' •'V- 5Sv« &* '^^>rf itA. |R
                                                     '^A£AJSJ&3A.WT, r->m!W
-------
 High Volume  Low Pressure as  it was meant to be.

The Binks Mach 1 High Volume Low Pressure Spray Gun is a conventional airspray with special modifications
and unique nozzles that allow the gun to operate within the SCAQMD* regulations. The air passage in the gun
handle incorporates a "sonic venturi" which limits air flow by creating a Mach 1 shock wave in the venturi
throat. Special air and fluid nozzles allow the gun to atomize the fluid at low air pressures and velocities,
creating a soft spray effect that produces high transfer efficiencies.

The sonic venturi and the gun nozzles interact to limit the air pressure to a maximum of 10 PSI at the nozzle.
 Normal operating pressures at the air nozzle are 3 to 5 PSI where the best transfer efficiency is obtained.

 Binks Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun operates like a conventional spray system utilizing shop compressed air.
 No expensive turbines...no bulky, cumbersome "vacuum cleaner" type hoses. The Binks Mach 1 sprays
 like our most popular air spray guns that you have become accustomed to. No new techniques to learn.
 Mach 1 produces a finish quality that you expect from a Binks spray gun.

                                                                  Benefits of the MACH 1 HVLP System:
                                                                  Efficiency
                                                                  Transfer efficiency as required by today's air
                                                                  quality regulations. Meets SCAQMD Rules 1136
                                                                  and 1151.
                                                                  Cost Efficient Compressed Air Consumption
                                                                  Ranges from 11  to 20 SCFM depending on
                                                                  operating pressure. A 3 to 5 horsepower air
                                                                  compressor is normally sufficient to supply
                                                                  atomizing air.
                                                                  Controllable
                                                                  Total control of atomizing air pressure, fluid
                                                                  flow and spray pattern. Operates with ambient
                                                                  temperature compressed air from your shop or
                                                                  plant air supply. No turbine, no bulky hose, no
                                                                  unwanted heat in the atomizing air.
                                                                  Performance
                                                                  Finish quality as you expect from the world
                                                                  leader in spray gun technology.
                                                                  Reliable
                                                                  Genuine Binks quality ...the name you have
                                                                  relied on for almost 100 years.
                                                                  Rugged
                                                                  Virtually indestructible drop forged gun body
                                                                  end stainless steel fluid passages.
                                                                  Versatile
                                                                  Can be used with attached one quart pressure
                                                                  assist cup, two quart remote pressure cup,
                                                                  pressure tank of any size, or low pressure
                                                                  pump.
                                                                  Light Weight/Maneuverable
                                                                  Light weight materials have been used. Sleek
                                                                  shape fits comfortably in the operator's hand.
                                                                  Small size  allows maneuvering into tight
                                                                  corners to  coat the hard to reach areas, no
                                                                  bulky airhose to get in the way.
                                                                  Simple to Operate
                                                                  No special training is required. Operates like a
                                                                  conventional spray gun.
 *The SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District) is responsible
 for VOC emission regulations and enforcement in the Los Angeles basin. The
 current VOC regulations in Southern California are important to the coatings/
 finishing industry in the rest of the country, because other states tend to
 follow Southern California's lead in VOC rulemaking.                          HVLP as it was meant to be!
Binks Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun Special nozzles and sonic venturi in the
air passage interact to limit the air pressure at the nozzle to a maximum
of 10 PSI. Complies with the SCAQMD regulations as a High Volume
Low Pressure (HVLP) air spray gun.
-------
               Pray Gun
Mach 1 HVLP Cup Outfits
for Vehicle Refinishing
High transfer efficiencies are obtainable when using
typical automotive refinish enamels including new low
V.O.C. compliant materials.

Model 98-1130
One Quart HVLP Outfit
Lightweight HVLP outfit ideal for all vehicle refinishing.
Stainless steel pressure assist cup that is simple to
clean and will not drip when turned vertically up
or down.
Outfit consists of:
Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
80-2721 Qt. S.S. Pressure Assist Cup

Model 98-1131
Remote 50 Ounce  Stainless Steel Pressure Cup HVLP
Outfit for refinishing larger vehicles or when less
refilling is desirable.
Outfit consists of:
Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
80-270 S.S. 50 oz.  Pressure Cup
71-1101 5'Air Hose
71-3380 5' Fluid Hose
73-125 Air Controller (optional at extra cost)

Model 98-1132
Steadi-Grip 2 Qt. Pressure Cup HVLP Outfit (not shown)
Outfit consists of:
Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
80-228 2 Qt Pressure Cup
71-1101 5'Air Hose
71-3380 5' Fluid Hose
73-125 Air Controller (optional at extra cost)
                Air and Fluid Nozzles
                             For All Noules Air Cap 9SP
Material
LIGHT: stains,
varnishes, thin
lacquers
Fluid
Noule/
Orifice
Inlet
PSI
SCFM
Appro*.
Atomizing
Pressure
SI (.0401 45 11.0 3
MEDIUM: automotive
refinishing materials,
general industrial
coatings
HEAVY:
9« (.0551
97 (.07001
65
85
95
15.7
19.6
22.5
6
3
10
.Model 98-1130   i'.'s:"5
 HVLP Outfit

 Model 98-1131
 HVLP Outfit
 y
 Mach 1 HVLP Pressure Tank Outfits

 Model 98-1133
 Two Gallon Pressure Tank HVLP Outfit
 for refinishing large vehicles or light industrial duty.
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 F3-5668 2 Gallon NON-ASME Tank
 71-1205 25'Air Hose, 5/16" I.D.
 71-3303 25' Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.

 Model 98-1134
 Two Gallon Pressure Tank w/Agitator HVLP Outfit
 (not shown)
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 83-5676 2 Gallon NON-ASME Tank w/Air Motor Agitator
 71-1205 25'Air Hose, 5/16" 1.0.
 71-3303 25' Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.

 Model 98-1135
 Two Gallon Pressure Tank HVLP Outfit Inot shown)
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 83-5502 2 Gallon ASME Tank
 71-1205 25'Air Hose, 5/16" I.D.
 71-3303 25' Fluid Hose, 3/8" 1.0.

 Model 98-1136
 Two Gallon Pressure Tank w/Air Motor Agitator HVLP Oui
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 83-5508 2 Gallon ASME Tank w/Air Motor Agitator
 71-1205 25'Air Hose, 5/16" I.D.
 71-3303 25' Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.
.Model 98-1133
 HVLP Outfit

 Model 98-1136
 HVLP Outfit
 y
-------
 Mach 1 HVLP Pressure Tank and Pump Outfits
 for Industrial Use

 Model 98-1137
 Five Gallon ASME Pressure Tank HVLP Outfit (not shown!
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 83-5402 5 Gallon ASME Tank
 71-1205 25' Air Hose, 5/16" I.D.
 71-3303 25'Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.

 Model 98-1138
 Rve Gallon ASME Pressure Tank w/Agitator HVLP Outfit
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 83-5408 5 Gallon ASME Tank w/Agitator
 71-1205 25'Air Hose, 5/16° I.D.
 71-3303 25'Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.

 Model 98-1139
 Pogo B 55 Gallon Pump HVLP Outfit (not shown)
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
 41-3936 Pogo B Pump Outfit
 71-1205 25'Air Hose, 5/16" I.D.
 71-3303 25' Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.

 Model 98-1140
 Comet 55 Gallon Pump HVLP Outfit
 Outfit consists of:
 Mach 1 HVLP Spray Gun
41-5003 Comet Pump Outfit
71-1205 25' Air Hose, 5/16" I.D.
71-3303 25'Fluid Hose, 3/8" I.D.
                 -   Model 98-1140
                ~M   HVLP Outfit
 Oil & Water Extractors with Regulators

 Extractors
 Model 86-910
 30 CFM, Filter rating 10 microns (absolute), 5 microns
 (nominal). Compact...single gun operation, 1/2 NPT(f) inlet,
 1/4 NPS(m) outlet. Shpg. wt. 4V4 Ibs. Part Sheet 1958.
 Order replacement filter Model 86-1017.

 Model 86-945
 40 CFM, Filter rating 10 microns (absolute), 5 microns
 (nominal). Single or dual gun operation...dual filtration.
 Main line outlet for dusting gun, regulated outlet for spray
 gun. Air inlet 1/2 NPT(f), 2 outlets  1/4 NPS(rn).
 Shpg. wt. 5 Ibs. Part Sheet 2012.

 Model 86-974
 40 CFM, 2-gun operation. Same as Model 86-945 except
 with 2 regulated outlets.

 Model 86-948
 60 CFM, Filter rating 10 microns (absolute), 5 microns (nom-
 inal). Has filtered air capacity for two production guns and a
 dusting gun. Air inlet 3/4 NPT(f), 3 outlets 1 /4 NPS(m). Main
 line outlet and regulator have gauges. Shpg. wt. 15 Ibs.
 Part Sheet 1976. Order replacement filter Model 86-1018,
Model 86-949
100 CFM, Filter rating 10 microns (absolute), 5 microns
(nominal). Has one main line and two regulated stations of
filtered air for handling one dusting gun and up to 4 spray
guns simultaneously. Regulators maintain pressure
settings...are capable of independent regulation.
Air inlet 3/4 NPT(f), 5 outlets 1/4 NPS(m). Main line and
each regulator has gauge. Shpg. wt 21 Ibs. Part Sheet 1977.
Order replacement filter Model 86-1018.
Optional Features

Model 73-125 Spray Gun Controller
For air inlet, at the gun mounting to give convenient,
immediate pressure reading and correction. Anodized
aluminum body is fitted with: Swivel connection, 1 /4
NPS(f), for 360 degree variable position. Male thread,
1/4 NFS. Pressure adjusting knob and pressure gauge.

Model 92-1039 Compressed Air Heater
Sinks air heater is used to warm the compressed air
to reduce condensation of moisture. The heater includes
a single 1000 watt, 120 V, single phase element.
Model 86-1001 ECD System
20 CFM. The Binks ECD System is a new triple cleaner/
dryer for compressed air used for spray painting...opera-
tion of pneumatic tools, and wherever clean, dry air is
essential The system consists of an extractor, coalescer,
and dryer assembled in a compact single unit for con-
venient installation and use.

Model 54-3935 Air Nozzle Test Gauge
For testing air pressure at the gun nozzle.
                                                                  Branch Offices With  Warehouse Facilities
                                                                  Atlanta, GA
                                                                   5575 Spalding Drive, R 0. Box 920400
                                                                   Norcross, GA 30092	(404) 447-5600
                                                                  Chicago. IL
                                                                   9201 West Belmont Avenue, Franklin Park, IL 60131-2887 . (708) 671-3000
                                                                  Cleveland, OH 44142,16401 Commerce Park Drive,
                                                                   P.O. Box 42120	(216) 362-8500
                                                                  Dallas, TX
                                                                   14340 Proton Road, Farmers Branch, TX 75244-3594,
                                                                   P. O. Box 596-75001, Addison. TX 75001-0596	(214) 233-2500
                                                                  Denver, CO 80223-4015
                                                                   2191 South Plane River Drive, P.O. Box 10218,
                                                                   Denver, CO 80210-0128	(303) 936-7226
                                                                  Detroit, Ml
                                                                   11996 Merriman Road. Livonia, Ml 48150
                                                                   P. 0. Box 2098, Livonia. Ml 48151	(313)525-6900
                                                                  Los Angeies, CA 90040
                                                                   2553 South Gartield Avenue
                                                                   P.O. Box 22147, Los Angeles. CA 90022	(213) 888-9955
                                                                Milwaukee, Wl
                                                                  12705 Robin Lane, Brooklield, Wl 53005
                                                                  P.O. Box 13306. Milwaukee, Wl53213	(414)781-6880
                                                                New York, NY
                                                                  1 Chapin Road, P. 0. Box 696
                                                                  Pine Brook. NJ 07058-0696	(201)575-6660
                                                                Philadelphia, PA 19140,4301 Rising Sun Avenue
                                                                  P.O. Box46008,Zip 19160-6008	(215)329-7800
                                                                Pittsburgh, PA 15234
                                                                  Pittsburgh Spray Equipment Co.. 3601 Library Road	(412) 862-4550
                                                                San Francisco, CA
                                                                  1459 San Mateo Avenue
                                                                  South San Francisco. CA 94080	(415)589-8477
                                                                Seattle, WA
                                                                  1749 First Avenue, South
                                                                  P.O. Box 24706. Seattle, WA 98124	(206)623-1350
                                                                SL Louis, MO 63132,10625 Gateway Boulevard	(314) 991-4880
                                                                  BINKS MANUFACTURING COMPANY
                                                                  9201 WEST BELMONT AVENUE, FRANKLIN PARK, ILLINOIS 60131
                                                                  Bulletin A9B-119R     Printed in USA 2/90
                                                                                                      BIPIKS
-------
                       APPENDIX C
                        SOLVENTS
                          NOTE

Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this report does not in any way imply EPA or SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
amsHBHH^
  •••iK-.Kr~sz.t3'*'  ."•'«,«'''   - ,-••-*:?••••• -*£:•• K ••'. .'t-.v. vf'j-»..';5--.>-.v-..:v .--v-'- •*:V .,>*:-•••••'  >.--yv^'->
  hey Do The Scrubbing For You!
 "jL« "l-,v''J'*  ........ --. •:>:..   • ..  ..    .......  • - .  ....:ov*-^^.:/-;.. t:. ...^. ..:-i.'. ....  .....:,
                                                      c.*«.CR*itM?S

                         WESTERN EQUIPMENT
                         18908 HWY 99  SP 2B
                         LYNNWOOD. WA  96036
                         (206) 774-2933
                             -SSS-6&96 NAT I
-------
                                Designer
AUTOMATIC
What's so special about EMC Automatic Parts Washers?
Quite simply, it's the fact that they have been designed and constructed to
eliminate many of the basic operational and reliability problems inherent in other
parts washers.

CLEANING ABILITY
Obviously, you expect an automatic parts washer to clean. But,
how thoroughly it cleans can be dependent on a number of design
features. For example, most parts washers have a limited number
of spray jets arranged in a fan formation. The problem with this
arrangement is that most of the fans strike the parts a glancing
blow at an angle, losing most of their impact and cleaning ability.
                 Moreover, large parts with surfaces near the jets frequently have
                 untouched, uncleaned spaces; in turn, the fans frequently overlap
                 on small parts, impacting on each other and losing power by the
                 time they hit the parts.
                 By contrast, EMC washers employ arrays of parallel, straight jets,
                 spaced and staggered to strike at 3/4" intervals, thus ensuring
                 maximum impact and scrubbing ability.
                            Inefficient Cleaning
Thorough Cleaning
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
Perhaps you enjoy the challenge, time and mess of periodically
trying to shovel or hose accumulated debris from the flat floor of
                 traditional washers. On the other hand, if you've better use for your
                 time, you'll appreciate the deep funnel floor and drain of EMC
                 washers. Just open the bottom drain and debris flows out for easy
                 disposal. Typical cleanout time is just 3 to 10 minutes with EMC
                 washers.

RELIABILITY
Having a machine down for repairs does nothing to enhance your operation's profitabil-
ity. So, EMC Automatic Parts Washers have been designed to eliminate some of the
worst troublespots.
Take the turntable drive system, for example. Other parts washers mount the drive
beneath the turntable where it's subject to a constant flood of washwater as well as the
grease and grime that's being removed. In addition, the weight of
the parts creates a leveraged, wearing strain on the bearings, if the
load  is not perfectly centered and balanced.  By contrast, EMC
washers are designed with the drive and turntable bearing at the
top of the cabinet, away from the wash fluid, and with a suspended
       |          turntable so that it is able to support weights with less strain and
                 wear.  EMC turntables rotate smoothly with the load anywhere
                 on them.
                 And, should repairs ever be needed, there is no waiting for special
                 parts to be shipped from the factory. The EMC washers utilize
                 common, industry-standardized components which are available
                 locally, and all are readily accessible.
                 These are just a few examples that indicate why EMC Automatic
                 Parts Washers are the overwhelming choice of smart buyers.
                                                                              Overhead turntable
                                                                              suspension using 1 RP
                                                                              belt drive. No bearings
                                                                              or lubrication points
                                                                              inside cabinet.

                                                                              7-day heating start-up
                                                                              timer (optional on son
                                                                              models).

                                                                              Micro-switch door
                                                                              interlock.
                                                   30-minute wash cycle
                                                   timer.

                                                   Adjustable thermostat


                                                   Simple in-field
                                                   conversion between
                                                   1-phase or3-phase
                                                   source.

                                                   Exclusive severe-duty
                                                   pump with open well
                                                   available as option on
                                                   except Model 50.

                                                   Electric heating stand
                                                   optional automatic-
                                                   ignition gas heat
                                                   available.

                                                  I Fully heat-insulated
                                                   cabinets.

                                                  I Optional basket size:
                                                   available.

                                                  I Double containment
                                                   system available on i
                                                   models.
-------
Fo  Meet
                                                                     Single cleanout
                                                                     port on
                                                                     360° manifold.
                                                        Deep funnel floor slopes
                                                        to 2" ball valve drain.
                                                                      No rubber
                                                                      gasket to fail;
                                                                      metal-to-metal
                                                                      seal.
       Full area screen removes
       for complete access to
       solution tank.
Glasslike, chemically
resistant polyurethane
finish.
                              Leveling legs.
5
STANDARD
MODELS
AVAILABLE
-------
SPECIFICATIONS:
MODEL
Max. Load Size
Floor Space
Floor to Turntable
Fluid Capacity
Pump G.P.M.
Approximate Ship. Wt.

50
28" x 30" Tall
32" x 42" Wide
: ;so I DSBO
28"x38"Ta!l f 28" x 74" Tall
32" x 42" Wide I 32" x 42" Wide
35" f.v:- : 34"" -} 34"
40-50 Gal. [.,60-80 Gal. ] 60-80 Gal.
110
110 : ) 120
500 Lbs. 650 Lbs. j 800 Lbs.

r > 100 j TIOO
34" x 38" Tall J 34" x 50" Tall
38" x 48" Wide ?: 38" x 48" Wide
1 -'. 34" ']. } 34"
f. 80-100 6al.;r •! 80-100 Gal.
120 * 120
: 800 Lbs. ] 900 Lbs.
    PLUS
    OUR UNIQUE
    PASS-THROUGH
    PARTS WASHERS
    Write or call
    for information.
    Slash Washer-fluid Disposal Costs with the
                    WATER
    Why pay high disposal costs for "hazardous waste" fluids which
    are as much as 97% plain water? Eliminate the water first and
    slash your costs this safe, economical way.
    • Eliminates three to eight or more gallons of water per hour.

    • No drains needed; no sticky residue to dispose of.
    • Thru-floor electric-heating; no gas piping or flame hazards.

    • Power exhaust for easy venting.
RELIABILITY VIA QUALITY
  Parts Washers
Hot Tanks
Liquid Waste Elimination Systems
Small-parts Tumbler
EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
       CORPORATION
1433 Lidcombe Avenue
South El Monte, California 91733
(818) 575-1644
                                                                          3/89 Printed in 11 c A
-------
  Cycle Time
  30 Minutes to
  2 Hours

  RAPIDLY cleans
  • BLOCKS
  • WATER PUMPS
  • AND MORE!
    POLLUTION CONTROL PRODUCTS PRESENTS THE
(DRY
Pollution  Free Short  Cycle
Engine Parts  Cleaner
              8 Money Saving Advantages of the Dry Cleaner II
• Short cycle reduces rebuild time.
• Parts come out of furnace dry ... ready for shot
 blasting.
• Eliminates water solvent cleaning! The energy effi-
 cient "Dry Cleaner II" eliminates costly hot tank
 chemicals and there's no liquid chemical waste to
 dispose of. (Very important to the EPA).
• Controlled, even temperature protects your parts.
• Small, compact unit requires minimum floor space.
• Low operating cost: Less than one dollar per cycle,
 average.
• Completely automatic... requires no supervision!
• Easy to install yourself. Comes complete with all parts
 and accessories necessary for normal installation.
                       OOLLUTION
                       NTROL
                       RODUCTS CO.

                   (see Specifications and Data on back)
-------
SPECIFICATIONS and DATA

CABINET: Heavy-gauge sheet steel supported by
  structural steel angles and channels. All-welded
  construction with sealed seams to prevent air
  leakage gives maximum fuel economy.
FLOOR: Hard castable refractory, 3" thick, rein-
  forced with structural steel channels. Allows easy
  removal of ashes.
EXPLOSION RELIEF: Required on all furnaces and
  ovens. Unique gravity-sealed top relief door auto-
  matically opens to relieve excess pressure, then
  closes, preventing air from reaching combustible
  material.
INSULATION: Walls, ceiling, and doors are covered
  with 3" of a two-layered light-weight ceramic fiber
  blanket insulation anchored on stainless steel
  pins, stainless wire mesh, and stainless locking
  washers. Contains no asbestos and has superior
  properties to asbestos or fiberglass. Hot face
  insulation rated at 2300°F (1275°C), one inch is
  equivalent to 9" conventional refractory or Fire-
  brick with one-tenth the weight making these fur-
  naces much lighter in weight and much faster to
  heat with less fuel.
VENT STACK: Made in 36" long light-weight sec-
  tions for easy installation. Galvanized metal exte-
  rior lined with high-temperature ceramic fiber in
  hard form.  Sections snap together. Adjustable
  pitch roof flashing, storm collar, and rain cap fur-
  nished with stack. Supplied with 4  sections.
FUELS: Natural gas, propane gas,  or #2 fuel oil.
  Maximum input 300,000 BTU per hour. Gas pres-
  sure required 7 inches water column (0.18m).
ELECTRICAL SERVICE: 110-125 volts, 50-60 hertz,
  single-phase, 5 ampere  draw. Optional trans-
  formers available for other voltages.
NORMAL CLEANING TIME:.  % to 2 hours depend
  ing on load plus  cooling time. Adjustable automatic
  timer.
NORMAL CLEANING TEMPERATURE: 600° F-8000 F
  (315°C-415°C).
POLLUTION STANDARDS: Meets latest E.P.A.
   Environmental Standards
SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS: Meets latest
  O.S.H.A. Federal Standards.
      DIMENSIONS
OUTSIDE
DIMENSIONS
WIDTH
A
IN,
46
M.
1.17
DEPTH
B
IN.
43
M.
1.09
HEIGHT
C
IN.
45V4
M.
1.16
DOOR
OPENING
WIDTH
IN.
36
M.
.91
HEIGHT
IN.
33
M.
.84
INSIDE
DEPTH
IN.
21
M.
.53
CART
DIMENSIONS
WIDTH
IN.
33
M.
.84
DEPTH
IN.
21
M
.53
HEIGHT
(from bottom)
IN.
25Y;
M.
.65
HEIGHT
(from grale)
IN.
18
M.
.46
APPROX.
SHIP.
WT.
LBS
1607
KGS
730
         Manufactured by

POLLUTION
  ONTROL
     RODUCTS  CO.

    Sales Offices in Principal Cities
                                                                  FACTORIES
                                                          2677 FREEWOOD DRIVE
                                          USA              DALLAS, TEXAS 75220
                                                                 214/358-1539
                                                                 TELEX 709610

                                                          79 WHYTELEAFE ROAD
                                          ENGLAND     CATERHAM, SURREY CR35EJ
                                                                 (0342) 834659
                                                                 TELEX 926395
                             MEMBER
-------
                                          Interel
                                          Corporation
                                          Environmental Control Systems
                                         November  30,  1990
                    INTEREL QUOTATION NO.  901-195

                   Barrel Distiller Model  B-SC 200


The Barrel Distiller consists of an  insulated stainless  steel vessel
with cover and stainless steel condenser.  The vessel  is designed  to
accept a standard  55 gal drum.  Heat transfer liquid  (usually water,
glycol, or polyethylene glycol 400) is required to fill the vessel
around the drum.

Two  thermostatically  controlled   electric   heating   elements   in
explosion proof  housings are supplied to maintain the heat  transfer
liquid at  the selected temperature.  A  separate adjustable safety
temperature  switch  shuts   off  the heaters  in the  event   of   a
temperature rise above the set point condition.   Also provided is a
direct temperature gauge.   A threaded flexible pipe connection with
pressure  release  valve is  supplied to  connect the  2  inch barrel
opening with the externally mounted, stainless steel condenser.

Standard  control  instrumentation provided  use  intrinsically  safe
circuits  and  as such are  explosion proof in  accordance with NFPA
Class 1, Group D,  Division 1 requirements.  Included  are a  low flow
safety switch  for cooling  water,  thermostatic and high temperature
limit controls for the heating elements,  low  level  safety switch for
heat transfer liquid and vapor pressure relief valve.

An  electrical panel   is  supplied with  on-off  switch  and  power-on
light.    The  electric  heaters  are  interlocked  with  six  safety
contacts  (includes two spares).    Standard panel  is  not  explosion
proof  and  is approved for use with non-flammable  liquids  only,  or
for mounting  outside  of the hazardous area  (explosion proof  panel
optional).
           P.O. Box 4676, Englewood, CO 80155  Telephone: 303/773-0753   Telecopier. 303/792-0931
-------
SAIC 901-195
Barrel Distiller B-SC 200
Page No. 2
                                         Interel
                                         Corporation
                                         Environmental Control Systems
Technical Data

Vessel Capacity:
Nominal Distillation Rate:

Heat Transfer Liquid Capacity:
Heating Range:
Heater Capacity:
Voltage:
Typical Cooling Water Flowrate:
Max. Cooling Water Flowrate:
Dimensions:
Weight:

Price

U.S. $15,225, F.O.B. Englewood, CO

Options
A.  Vacuum system: Rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-less
    and lubricated, motor mounted and separate drive
    with explosion proof motor.  Tubing and fittings
    for collection under vacuum of distillate (clean
    solvent) in 55 gallon drum.
                                    55 gal drum
                                    8 GPH (depending on solvent
                                    and waste)
                                    65 gal
                                    100-450°F
                                    2 X 4.5 kW
                                    Customer specified
                                    1.4 GPM
                                    4.4 GPM
                                    4'-8" H X 5'  W X 4'-4" D
                                    550 Ibs
    Free Air Displacement:
    Ultimate Vacuum:
    Motor:
    Weight:
    Price:
                                       3.75 CFM @ 0" Hg gauge S.L.
                                                      25" Hg gauge
                                                            1/4 HP
                                                    Approx. 50 Ibs
                                                            $1,200
B.  Explosion proof electrical panel in NEMA 7 enclosure:   $1,490

C.  Twenty-four hour adjustable timer in non-explosion
    proof housing for power start/stop:                     $  350

D.  Cooling water regulator:  control system regulates
    condenser cooling water outlet temperature.
    Modulating water valve automatically conserves water
    consumption:                                            $1,300

E.  Barrel lifting brackets:                                $  225

F.  Sealless drum pump with explosion proof, pneumatic
    or electric, motor (10 GPM, 24 ft head) . Includes
  -  stainless steel shaft:                                  $

G.  55 gallon open head drum with dish cover and bolt nut
    ring seal rated to withstand 15" Hg vacuum:             $
                                                               950
                                                                100
                              Primed on Recycled Paper
-------
SAIC 901-195
Barrel Distiller B-SC 200
Page No. 3
Interel
Corporation
Environmental Control Systems
Terms

All prices are in U.S. dollars, F.O.B. Englewood, CO.

All prices valid for 90 days after date of issue.

Prices exclude duties and all federal, state or provincial and local
taxes.

Net 30 days upon shipment, subject to credit approval.

Delivery

Allow 8-10 weeks upon order confirmation.

Warranty

See attached.

Service Policy

See attached.

Items Not Quoted

*  Electrical connections between separately mounted electrical
   control panel and distillation equipment
*  Necessary fasteners and gasketing for connection between
   Interel supplied equipment and equipment furnished by others
*  Foundation and site preparation
*  Field labor, construction supervision or start-up services
*  Equipment performance testing
*  Permits and documents necessary for installation and erection
   of quoted equipment
                              Primed on Recycled Paper
-------
SAIC 901-195
Barrel Distiller B-SC 200
Page No. 4
Interel
Corporation
Environmental Control Systems
                       SERVICE POLICY  AND  FEES

Interel Corporation  will  provide field supervision  services  at the
rate of $500.00  per  day plus all travel  and living  expenses.   This
fee  is  applied to all  time,  including travel time  between Interel
Corporation's office in Englewood, Colorado and purchaser's plant.

Service  is provided during  normal  working hours  (Monday  through
Friday, 8:00  a.m.  through 5:00 p.m.).  Work performed  in excess of
eight hours per  day  shall  be  charged  for  at the  rate of $100.00 per
hour.

Work  performed  on  Saturday  shall  be charged  for  at  the rate  of
$100.00 per hour with a minimum charge of  4 hours ($400.00).   Work
performed  on  Sunday  or on  any  holiday shall  be charged  for  at the
rate of $125.00  per hour with a minimum charge of 4 hours ($500.00).

In order to allow for scheduling of personnel,  normal response time
to service requests  is three to five days.


                         EQUIPMENT WARRANTY

Interel Corporation  warrants  the furnished equipment to  be  free of
defects  in material  and workmanship  for a period  of twelve (12)
months  from  date of  start-up  or eighteen  (18)  months  from  date of
shipment,  whichever  comes first.  This warranty  excludes misuse of
equipment  and damage from fire, water, natural  disasters, accidents
or other events  outside normal use.

Equipment  purchased  from others  and furnished  as  a  part  of the
project,  such as fans,  is warranted by  Interel  Corporation  to the
extent of  the warranty of  the original supplier.

Except  as expressly  provided herein, Interel Corporation  makes no
warranty of merchantability or  fitness for a particular purpose, nor
any  other warranty,  express  or implied.    Liability is limited, at
Interel's  option, to  material or  workmanship,  provided  notice is
given  to  Interel  within  thirty  (30) days after discovery  of the
claimed  defect.   All  materials  and repairs  are  supplied   F.O.B.
shipping  point.    Defective parts  must  be returned for  repair or
replacement.   In no  event shall Interel be liable for any amount in
excess  of the contract price  of the item  involved  in  any case, or
for  any   special  consequential  damage,  which   the  buyer   hereby
expressly  waives.  This warranty shall be null  and void to items in
which  a design  or functional modification is made  by  others  after
delivery.
                              Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
hterel
Corporation
Ivironmental Control Systems


J-SC 200  Barrel  Distiller
  claimer For Highly Contaminated Solvents
r
 olvents contaminated by resins, adhesives, rubber, paint
 ad similar components which produce a hard, rubbery or
 tky residue generally had to be disposed of untreated.
 Blvent reclamation was difficult or impossible.
    Barrel Distiller from Interel Corporation solves this
  iblem.
    equipment is surprisingly simple. A standard 55-gal
    , filled with the contaminated solvent is loaded into the
Barrel Distiller, which is partially filled with heat transfer liquid.
Qae transfer liquid is heated by electric immersion heaters
Id the solvent distilled from the drum. The concentrated
Kidue is disposed  of with the drum.

•e residue in the drum can be accumulated by repeated
Ings and distillation. As an alternative, the drum can be
illed with other residues prior to disposal. In any case, the
  uable solvent is recovered.
 I
                                                   Principle Of Operation

                                                   The Barrel Distiller consists of an insulated stainless steel
                                                   vessel with cover. The vessel is partially filled with heat
                                                   transfer liquid — typically water, glycol or polyethylene
                                                   glycol 400.

                                                   The 55-gal drum containing contaminated solvent is loaded
                                                   into the Barrel Distiller. The heat transfer liquid must surround
                                                   the drum to a sufficient  height.

                                                   The drum opening is aligned with the opening in the cover.
                                                   A pipe  connection is threaded into the drum port through
                                                   the opening in the cover and connected to the externally
                                                   mounted water cooled condenser via a flexible hose. A
                                                   safety pressure relief value is attached to the pipe connection.

                                                   Two thermostatically controlled electric heating elements
                                                   heat the heat transfer liquid  and the drum. The solvent
                                                   vaporizes at  its boiling point, liquifies in the water cooled
                                                   condenser and is collected in a receiving tank of 55-gal
                                                   capacity.
I 55-gal drum is easily loaded with barrel clamp.
-------
Shortest  Investment Return
Depending on quantity and cost of the recovered
solvent, the Barrel Distiller pays for itself in a few
months. Savings include:
• Reduced solvent purchases
• Reduced inventory of fresh and contaminated
  solvents
• Reduced transportation and disposal costs
• Reduced long term liability from hazardous waste
  disposal

Safety Controls
The Barrel  Distiller is designed for maximum safety
in operation. The heating elements will shut off
automatically if the cooling water flowrate falls below
the set point or if the heat transfer liquid level in the
Barrel Distiller falls below a minimum level. The
dual thermostatic controller cycles the heaters at the
selected set point and shuts off the heaters at a
second high temperature safety set point. A safety
pressure relief valve in the drum vapor pipe is set to
open at 7 psig.

 All instruments use intrinsically safe electrical
 circuits and therefore are rated explosion proof in
accordance with NFPA Class I, Group D, Division
hazardous  locations. The electrical control panel
with on-off pushbutton and indicator light is normais
supplied non-explosion proof and is approved for
use with non-flammable liquids only or for mountir
outside of the hazardous area. The panel is
available optionally in an explosion proof housing.

Vacuum System
Solvents which boil above 300°F require distillation
under vacuum to prevent cracking of the hydrocarbon
The Barrel Distiller is available with an optional
vacuum system for reclamation of high boilers.
Technical Data
Evaporator Capacity:
Distillation  Rate:
Heat Transfer Liquid
   Capacity:
Heating Range:
Heater Capacity:
Voltage:
Cooling Water Flowrate:
Dimensions:
Weight —empty:
       — operating:
55-gal drum
8 GPH,  varies with solve

65 gal
100-300 deg F
2 X 4.5 kW
Customer specified
2GPM
56 "H X 60 "W X 52 "D
575 Ibs
1600  Ibs
                        ELE'
                                    NOTE!
                                THIS DRRWING IS TOR
                               INFCWMRTION PURPOSES
                                    ONLY.
ITEM
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
DESCRIPTION
BARREL TAP ASSEMBLY
PRESSURE GAUGE
3/4' TH'D. DRAIN VALVE
FLEX HOSE
CONDENSER - S.S.
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
THERMOMETER 0-200° C
FLOW SWITCH
LEVEL SWITCH, HT. TRANS.









LIQ.
DUAL THERMOSTAT ATHS-170
                                                                      1   IMMERSION HEATER, 4.5 KW
-------
INTEREL
CORPORATION
        OFRU SOLVENT DISTILLATION SYSTEMS
-------
                                          Interel
                                          Corporation
                                          Environmental Control Systems
     What  is the  Payback Period for Your Solvent Reclamation System?

A simple example  demonstrates how fast your own distillation system
can pay for itself.
Basis

Solvent Consumption:
Solvent Cost:
Disposal Cost:
Reclaimer Capacity:
Operating Time:-
Investment Cost  Incl.  Installation:

Present Cost Per Month

Solvent Purchase 1000  gal/month:
Waste Disposal 1000 gal/month:
Total Present Cost Per Month:

Future Cost Per  Month

Power Requirements  (18kW  at  5 cents/kW)
Cooling Water (150 GPH at $1/1000 gal):
Disposal of 10%  Sump Waste:
Replacement of 10% Solvent:
Service of Installation
  (20 man hrs/month at $20/hr):
Total Future Cost Per  Month:

Cost Savings (difference  between
  present and future costs):

Investment Cost:

Payback Period (investment cost
  divided by cost savings):
                                          Example

                                          1000 gal/month
                                          $3/gal
                                          $100/55 gal drum
                                          15 gal/hr
                                          70 hrs/month
                                          $25,000
                                           $3,000
                                           $1,820
                                           $4,820
                                              $63
                                              $11
                                             $182
                                             $300

                                             $400
                                             $956
                                           $3,864/month

                                          $25,000
Your Estimates
                                          6.5 months

Estimates do not  consider:

*  several different  solvents  can  be  reclaimed  in sequence

*  investment tax credits and  depreciation  tax  savings

*  reduced capital tied up  due to  less  solvent  inventory required

*  solvent can be replenished  more frequently and quality improved

*  independence from  solvent price increases

*  avoid responsibilities for  disposal  or off-plant  transportation
   of solvents
         P.O. Box 4676/Englewood, CO 80155    Telephone: 303/773-0753   Telecopier. 303J792-0931
-------
                                          Interel
                                          Corporation
                                          Environmental Control Systems
               DISTILLATION TESTS AND PRODUCT ANALYSIS

Interel  Corporation  offers  to  carry  out  evaluation  of   samples
submitted  for  distillation  tests.    A  number  of  tests including
analytical work can be performed, depending on the degree of  detail
information  required.   A  summary  report  with  recommendations  for
distillation equipment, distillation procedure  and economic  return
analysis will be submitted to  each1 customer;—. The-charges•for this
service are  summarized  below.

A.  Distillation Tests

Al. Distillation at Constant  Boiling Temperature

    The test determines the wt-% yield  of recovered solvent  within
    the boiling temperature  range.   The  distillation  test  will be
    performed under a preselected vacuum,  if required.

    The residue is characterized  by its  consistency,  color, odor,
    difficulty  of cleaning  and  other features.

    Price:                      No Charge

A2. Distillation to Dry Residue

    The  residue  of  Test  Al  is further distilled  to  dry ness  at
    atmospheric  pressure or  under  vacuum,  if applicable,  and  the
    wt-% yield  and  boiling  point of additional solvent recovered is
    determined.

;..-..  The .-.residue.*: j.s^.charaxAeri-zed-.-.byr:-.±ts.v..consistency,-. /.color, odor,
    difficulty of cleaning  and  other features.

    Price:                      No Charge

B.  Analytical Tests
Bl. Purity or Composition of Recovered Solvent

    The  solvent  recovered  in any  of  the  distillation tests  is
    analyzed  by  gas   chromatography   for  composition.     Major
    components are  identified.  A sample of the original solvent is
    tested for comparison.

    Price:                      $ 75 per solvent sample, plus
                                $ 50 per ea. component identified
-------
                                           Interel
                                           Corporation
                                           Environmental Control Systems
B2. Residue Hazardous  Waste  Characterization

    The  residue from any of the distillation tests is evaluated  for
    hazardous waste  charateristics as per EPA definition:

    a.   Ignitability,  corrosivity and reactivity, as  applicable
    b.   EP-Toxicity.   Includes  extraction procedure and tests  for
         eight heavy  metals and  pesticides/herbicides, if applicable

    Price:  Ignitability, corrosivity and reactivity:       $ 50
            Toxicity extraction, including metals test:     $400
            Pesticides/herbicides, add:                     $325

B3. Toxicity Characteristic  Leaching Procedure  (TCLP)

    The  full procedure of hazardous  waste characterization is based
    on the TCLP test in  accordance with proposed EPA  rules  published
    in the Federal Register, June 13, 1986.  The  test analyzes  for
    20 volatile components.   This is  a new procedure  that will be
    required in the  future.

    Price:                      $2,500 (estimate)

C.  Distillation to  Dryness  and Residue Evaluation

    Solvent  samples  are distilled   to   dryness   under   different
    conditions  of  bath  temperature,  vacuum  and time periods.    The
    residue of  each test is analyzed  for weight  percent residual
    solvent  content  by  gas chromatography  and  IR spectroscopy.

    Residue is  evaluated for acceptability  as  landfillable waste in
 •   .accordance--with;"the.- November ;.8, .-1986 '.Hazard  and Solid  Waste
    Amendments  to  RCRA.-  The  total  content - of FO01  through F005
    wastes combined must not exceed 1% by weight.

    Price:                      $ 150 per residue sample

Prices subject to change without notice.
-------
                                                                      Interel
                                                                      Corporation
                                                                      Environmental Control Systems
  SOLVENT                       DISTILLATION
                               RANEE (F)
  ALCOHOLS

  methyl alcohol                    147-151
  ethyl alcohol, 95*                166-175
  ethyl alcohol, anhydrous           171-176
  iso-propyl alcohol                179-181
  n-propyl alcohol                  207-208
  sec-butyl alcohol                  208-214
  iso-butyl alcohol                  225-232
  amyl alcohol, nixed  isocers        230-293
  n-butyl alcohol                   239-245
  n-hexyl alcohol                   307-320
  cyclohexanol                      320-324

  ALIPHATIC

  pentane                           91-106
  Textile spirits                   145-175
  hexane                            151-160
 heptane                           196-214
 UtltP naphtha                      236-292
 Hi-flash VH4P naphtha              240-320
 Naphthol mineral spirits           307-340
 Mineral spirits No. 10             307-385
 Stoddard solvent                   310-388
 Mineral spirits                    314-390
 Uarsol-1                           322-336
 Hi-flash mineral spirits           325-399
 Oderless mineral spirits           352-398
 Kerosene                           374-503
 Ink  solvent                        512-610

 AROrtATlCS

 benzene                            172-176
 toluene                           228-232
 xylene, mixed isomers             261-318
 ethlybeniene                      277-278
 Hi-flash coal tar naphtha          293-392
 m-cresol                          396-406

 CHLORINATED

 iso-propyl chloride                94-104
 1,1-dichloroethylene                    99
 methylene chloride                 102-106
n-propyl chloride                  113-117
chloroform                            142
SOLVENT DATA
03/03/87
DELTA Hv
(BTU/lb)
527
378
378
301
338
260
266
242
266
224
215
165

159
160











236
183
170


224
157
134
160
172
113


DENSITY
(Ib/gal)
6.61
6.76
6.59
6.55
6.74
6.73
6.72
6.76
6.75
6.83
7.91
5.22
5.75
5.51
5.71
6.29
6.33
6.34
6.51
6.47
6.58
6.58
6.61
6.31
6.77
6:79
7.32
7.20
7.17
7.26
7.12
8.66
7.17
10.43
11.07
7.43
12.43


AUTOIENITION
TErtP (F)
725
685
79?
750
810
761
800
572
644

572
788

502
433









444

1044
997
867


1038


1121
968
none


LEL
(* Ucl in Air)
6.0
3.3
4.3
2.0
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.4

1.2
1.1
1.2








.7

1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0

1.1


none
2.0
none
   EPA
NUMBER
  FOD3
  F005

  F003
 F005
 F003
 F003

 F004
 F032
-------
                                                                      Interel
                                                                      Corporation
                                                                      Environmental Control Systems
 SOLVENT                      DISTILLATION
                              RANGE (F)
 1,1,1-trichloroethane              161-191
 nethyl chloroform                 162-190
 carbon tetrachloride               171-172
 ethylene dichloridt                180-183
 trichloroethylen'e, degreasing      188-190
 trichloroethylene, extraction      188-198
 propylene r'chloride               204-208
 1,1,2-tricr.ioroethane              230-239
 perchloroethylene                  250-254
 tctrachloroethene, unsywnetric     264-267
 nonochlorobenzene                  266-273
 tetrachloroethane, syametncal     295-297
 1,2,3-trichloropropane             313-317
 o-dichlorobenzene                  351-361
 trichlorobenzene, mixed isomer     415-423

 ESTERS

 wethyl acetate                     127-136
 ethyl  acetate, 85-881;              158-176
 ethyl  acetate, 99X                 169-174
 iso-propyl acetate                 187-194
 n-propyl  acetate                   210-217
 sec-butyl acetate                  219-239
 iso-butyl acetate                  220-246
 n-butyl acetate, 99*                244-262
 n-butyl propionate                 255-340
 sec-amyl acetate                   259-293
 amyl acetatr  mixed isomers         259-311
 methyl cellosolve acetate           279-306
 cellosolve acetate                 302-320
 glycol ether EB acetate             367-381

 ETHERS AND ETHER ALCOHOLS

 ethyl  ether                        93 -95
 iso-propyl ether                    145-158
 diethyl cellosolvs                 243-264
•ethyl celloiolve                 250-259
cellosolve                        270-279
n-butyl cellosolve                 331-343
carbitol                          365-401
methyl  carbitol                    370-388
butyl carbitol                     428-455

FLUOROCARBONS
SOLVENT DATA
03/03/87
DELTA Hv
(BTU/lb)
105

97
145
114
114
133
124
100
106
161
106
131
134
113
188
170
170
155
157

144






169
122

223
191
158
151
170
132


DENSITY
(Ib/gal)
10.97
11.03
13.30
10.45
12.22
12.22
9.65
12.04
13.55
13.25
9.23
13.35
11.59
10.89
12.15
7. 78
7.37
7.51
7.27
7.4D
7.27
7.24
7.7E
7.27
7.18
7.21
8.10
7.83
5.22
6.04
7.02
8.03
7.74
7.51
8.55
8.56
7.95
AUTOIGNITION            LEI
    TEMP (F)  (* Uol  in Air)
        none           none
        none
         860
         770
         770
        1034
         B56
        none

        1180
       1198
        850
        774
        774
        860
        806

        790
        788
        799
        720
        645
        356
        830

        545

        472


        442
none
 6.2
none
none
 3.2
none
none
none
 1.3
none
 3.1
 2.1
 2.1
 1.7
 1.7

 1.2
 1.4
 1.1
 1.7
 1.2
  .9
 1.8
 1.4

 2.5

 1.1
               EPA
            NUttBER
              F002
F001
F002
F002

F002


FDQ2
F003
F003
F003
                                                               11
-------
SOLVENT                      DISTILLATION
                             RANGE  (F)
Freon TtlS                            103
Freon TA                             110
Freon TES                            112
Freon T-UD 602                       112
Freon TE                             112
Freon TF                             11B
Freon T-Dr                           118
Freon T-E-35                         119
Freon T-P-35                         120

KETONE5
acetone
methyl ethyl  ketone
diethyl ketone
methyl n-propyl ketone
methyl iso-butyl ketone
dhsopropyl ketone
methyl n-butyl ketone
methyl cyclohexanone, mixed
cyclohexanone
diacetone
methyl isoamyl ketone
methyl n-amyl ketone
acetonyl  acetone
n-iiethyl-2-pyrrol idone

TERRENES
turpentine steam distill           311-343
turpentine gum spirits            313-340
dipentene                         342-374
                                                                   Interel
                                                                   Corporation
                                                                   Environmental Control Systems
SOLUENT  DATA
  03/03/87

DELTA Hv
(BTU/lb)
 DENSITY
Ub/gal)

   11.73
   12.48
   12.47
   12.56
   13.06

   9.75
   9.6C
                7.13
                7.21
                7.10
ALJTOIGNITION            La
    TEUP  (F)  (* Uol  in Air)
132-134
174-177
212-219
214-225
234-244
237-261
237-279
237-343
266-343
266-356
286-298
297-309
365-383
395
237
"203
234
235
210



184





6.58
6.71
6.80
6.72
6.68
6.73
6.83
7.67
7.88
7.82
6.78
6.81
8. 1C

869
759
842
840
854

795

786

795
740
920

                                               2.5
                                               1.8
                                               1.6
                                               1.5
                                               1.4

                                               1.2

                                               1.1

                                               1.0
                                               1.1

                                               2.1
                                   .8
                                   .8
                                   .6
   EPA
NUMBER
                                                           F002
                                              F003
                                              F005
                                              F003
                                              FD23
-------
                          Interel
                          Corporation
                          Environmental Control Systems
       B-SC 200 Barrel  Distiller
Recovering various  solvents used in the
          Furniture Industry
  Douglas Furniture, Bedford Park, IL
-------
                                        Interel
                                        Corporation
                                        Environmental Control Systems
            Solvent Distillation System Type  A-SC 1500
                    and Reclaimer Type SC 100

  A-SC 1500 includes Scraper for Heat Transfer  Surfaces,  Heating
   by Heat Transfer Oil Circulation with Remote Heating Station
Includes Dirty Solvent Transfer Pump,  Clean Solvent  Transfer Pump,
                         and Vacuum Pump

                 Application:  Paint Manufacture

                Kneho, Bad Mainberg, West Germany
-------
                                          Interel
                                          Corporation
                                          Environmental Control Systems
                    1  ,f^"" •
                    £j  . ,;i^. ~fg. _snt-_.;; '^-; .^^f^^^^^g-^y,'^
                    ;=~""^-"i" ••';'     ~r"^Pier''^^^y^:^^
                    -^•^MK9v3  v-  '/I-      ! - ^W».*• 5rTf^t ••*rr"^*^. v. *. .. ^i_**.•..•.^•».
                       rQ  SH .w /f -. f
                       --TI  _s* -» :S1 f - :f /
                Solvent Distillation System A-SC  750

      Evaporator Capacity:  100 gal,  Distillation Rate: 37.5  GPH
   Includes Scraper to Prevent Deposits on Heat Transfer Surfaces
Heating by Heat Transfer Oil  Circulation with  Remote Heating Station
          Includes Dirty Solvent Transfer Pump, Vacuum Pump
                   and Clean Solvent Transfer Pump
                            DRG,  Toronto
-------
                                        Interel
                                        Corporation
                                        Environmental Control Systems
             Solvent Distillation System Type SC 1500

     Evaporator  Capacity: 200 gal  Distillation Rate:  90 GPH
       Includes Scraper  for Heat Transfer Surfaces, Heating
   by Heat Transfer Oil Circulation with Remote Heating  Station
Includes Dirty Solvent Transfer Pump,  Clean Solvent Transfer  Pump,
                  Vacuum Pump and Receiving Tank

             ESMA GmbH, Hurth-Knapsack, West Germany
-------
                                                            Interel
                                                            Corporation
                                                            Environmental Control Systems
      What is meant by land disposal?

 A  For purposes of the restrictions, Congress
 defined land disposal under RCRA section
 3004(k) to include, but not be limited to. any
 placement of hazardous waste in a landfill.
 surface impoundment, waste pile, injection
 well, land treatment facility, salt dome or salt .
 bed formation, or underground mine or cave.
 As a result of the inclusion of the phrase "any
 placement" in the definition, the restrictions
 extend beyond what is often considered "land
 disposal." For example, under this definition
 the restrictions also apply to treatment and
 storage surface impoundments.
      How is EPA going to implement the land
 disposal prohibitions?

 A  By each statutory deadline. EPA will
 promulgate treatment standards for the
 applicable hazardous wastes. Wastes that meet
 these treatment standards may be directly land
 disposed. Wastes that do not meet these
 standards must be treated before they are
 placed in a land disposal unit. The treatment
 standards are expressed  as performance
 standards and are based  on the best
 demonstrated available technologies (BOAT).
 Treatment technologies that may result in
 greater risk than direct land disposal of
. untreated. wastes will not be considered in
 establishing the treatment standards.
      Is there any way out of the treatment
 requirements?

 A   An applicant, usually the owner/operator
 of a treatment, storage, or disposal facility, may
 petition EPA to allow  land disposal of a
 specific waste at a specific site. The applicant
 must prove that the waste can be contained
 safely in a particular type of disposal unit, so
 that no migration of any hazardous
 constituents occurs from the unit for as long as
 the waste remains hazardous.  If  EPA grants the
 petition, the waste  is no longer prohibited from
 land disposal in that particular type of unit.
      Will the wastes still be restricted if there
 is not enough alternative capacity?

 A   If there is insufficient capacity nationwide
 of alternative treatment, recovery, or disposal
 technologies for a particular waste or group of
 wastes, EPA may grant a nationwide extension
 to the effective date of the .restriction.-The
 purpose of the extension is to allow time for
 the development of capacity. This extension
 may not exceed two years beyond the
 applicable statutory deadline for the waste.
  In addition, if individuals managing a
 restricted waste find that there is insufficient
 capacity for that waste, they may apply for a
 case-by-case extension to the effective  date.
 Among other requirements, applicants must
 demonstrate that they have entered into a
 binding contractual commitment to construct  i
 or otherwise provide the alternative capacity,  ll
 the application is approved, EPA may  allow up
 to a one-year extension (renewable once).
 During the period of the extension, the waste  iJ
 not subject to the land disposal restrictions.
     What if a waste cannot be treated to mee|
the standard?

A  In some situations, due to unique
physical and/or chemical characteristics, it ma\'
not be possible to treat a restricted waste to the
levels or by the methods specified in the
treatment  standard. Persons managing such
unique wastes can submit a rulemaking
petition under 40 CFR Part 260.20 requesting a
variance from the treatment standard. If the
variance is granted. EPA will establish a
treatment  standard specific to the
characteristics of that waste.  Until such time.
the waste  may not be land disposed.
-------
                                        November
                                        19B6
xvEPA
             United States
             Environmental Protection Agency
             Washington DC 20460
             EPA/530-SW-8 6-057
             Questions and
             Answers  on
             the  Land
             Disposal
             Restrictions
             Program
   I
   n 1976, Congress enacted the Resource
 Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) to
 protect human health and the environment
 from improper waste management practices.
 On November 8, 1984. the Hazardous and
 Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) were signed
 into law. imposing substantial new
 responsibilities  on those who manage
 hazardous waste. Among other things, the
 amendments prohibit land disposal of
 hazardous wastes beyond specified dates.
 unless a petitioner demonstrates to the
 Administrator of EPA that there will be no
 migration of hazardous constituents from the
 land disposal unit for as long as the waste
 remains hazardous..The prohibitions are
 intended to protect our environment from
 contamination by land disposal.
   Concurrently with the land disposal
 prohibitions. HSWA directs EPA to develop
 treatment standards for all hazardous wastes.
 These treatment standards will substantially
 reduce the loxicitvrbf the waste or the
 likelihood of migration of hazardous
 constituents  from the waste. Wastes that meet
 these treatment standards are not subject to the
 land disposal prohibitions.
  The amendments restrict the land disposal of
 various  classes of hazardous wastes by certain
 dates:

 November 8. 1986:
 DIOXIN-CONTAINING WASTES
 (EPA Hazardous Waste Numbers:
 F020, F021, F022. F023. F026. F027. F028)
 SPENT SOLVENTS (EPA Hazardous Waste
 Numbers: F001,  F002, F003. F004, F005)

 July 8. 1987:
SPECIFIED WASTES
(liquid hazardous wastes containing free
cyanides. PCBs.  corrosives, or certain metals.
and hazardous wastes containing halogenated
o*rganic  compounds)
  Interel
  Corporation
  Environmental Control Systems
  August 8. 1988:
  AT LEAST ONE-THIRD OF ALL LISTED
  HAZARDOUS WASTES

  June 8. 1989:
 AT LEAST TWO-THIRDS OF ALL LISTED
 HAZARDOUS WASTES

 May 8. 1990:
 ALL REMAINING LISTED HAZARDOUS
 WASTES AND ALL CHARACTERISTIC
 HAZARDOUS WASTES

   To implement the deadlines for "the thirds"
  in 1988, 1989, and 1990, the amendments
  required EPA to rank all  listed hazardous
 wastes so that wastes with high  intrinsic
 hazard and volume would be. restricted from
 land disposal first, and wastes with low
 intrinsic hazard and volume would  be dealt
 with last. The amendments also  required the
 Agency to use this ranking to  separate the list
 of wastes into a schedule of thirds. EPA
 published this schedule on May  28. 1986. in
 the Federal Register (51 FR 19300).
   The prohibitions for any particular waste
 become effective on the applicable statutory
 deadline, unless there is insufficient national
 capacity for alternative treatment, recovery, or
 disposal. If EPA determines that  such a
 shortage exists, the Agency may grant a
 national extension to the effective date (not to
 exceed two years beyond  the statutory
(deadline). The Agency may also grant
 extensions to the effective date on a
 case-by-case basis.
   EPA has promulgated a final rule which
 establishes a regulatory framework to
 implement the land disposal prohibitions. This
 framework includes procedures for setting
 treatment standards for hazardous wastes: for
 granting nationwide variances  from the
 statutory effective dates: for granting
 case-by-case extensions to the effective dates:
 and for evaluating petitions that attempt to
 demonstrate that continued land disposal is
 protective of human health and the
 environment. In addition,  the rule also
 establishes treatment standards and effective
 dates for the first class of hazardous wastes to
be prohibited: certain dioxin-containing wastes
and spent solvent wastes.
  The following are answers to some basic
questions  concerning the restrictions.
-------
 (^  Are these the only new requirements that 100 to
      1000 kg/mo generators must meet?

 A.  Not necessarily. While the items listed above
      briefly identify the basic new federal
      requirements for 100 to 1000 kg/mo generators.
      the actual requirements which go into effect on
      September 22. 1986  are more detailed. In
      addition, some states may impose more stringent
      requirements on small quantity generators. For
      example, four states (California. Louisiana.
      Minnesota, and Rhode Island) now fully,regulate
      all generators of hazardous waste, 100 to 1000
      kg;rn_> generators as  well as  larger and smaller
      generators. To be sure you understand all the
      requirements, state and federal, that .you. must
      meet, contact your state hazardous waste
      management agency.

 C^  What is a U.S. EPA Identification Number, and
      how do I obtain one?

 A.  A U.S. EPA Identification Number is a unique,
      12-character number that EPA assigns to
      generators and transporters of hazardous waste.
      and to owners/operators of facilities that treat,
      store, or dispose of hazardous waste. The
      identification numbers help EPA and states
      compile and  maintain a database on hazardous
      waste activities.
        To obtain an EPA  Identification Number, you
      should complete EPA Form  8700-12,
      "Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity.'' or a
      similar form  used by your particular state. To
      request the application form, contact your state
      hazardous waste management agency or EPA
      Regional Office. Along with  the. appropriate
      application form , you will receive instructions
      for completing the form and information on
      where you can get additional assistance.

 v£  Where do I obtain the Uniform Hazardous
      Waste Manifest to use when I ship my
.-..  L.....hazardous waste off my. plant site? .,- -

 A  A hazardous waste manifest is a multi-copy
      form that you must fill out completely and use
      to accompany your hazardous waste shipments.
      Some states print their own  versions of the
      Manifest with the state's name and logo and
      require use of the state Manifest form. These
      forms are available from state hazardous waste
      management  agencies. Many transporters and
      facilities may also be able to provide you with
      the correct Manifest.
        To determine which state's Manifest form you
      need to complete, use this system: (1) If the state
      to which you are shipping your waste has its
      own Manifest, use that Manifest form (2). If not.
      use the Manifest of the state in which your
      waste was generated. (3) If neither state requires
      a state-specific Manifest, you may use the
      "general" Uniform Hazardous Waste
      Manifest—EPA Form 8700-22—which you can
      purchase from some  commercial printers, or
      obtain from some transporters or waste
      management  facilities.
      Interel
      Corporation
      Environmental Control Systems
      What information is required on the Manifest?

 A  Effective September 22, 1986. federal law
      requires 100 to 1000 kg/mo generators to fill out
      all of the unshaded  items on the Uniform
      Hazardous Waste Manifest. (The completed
      Manifest will also fully satisfy Department of
      Transportation requirements  for shipping
      hazardous materials.) Even now, some states
      require generators to complete the entire
      Manifest, or to provide information beyond the
      items 3, 9, 11, 12, 13. 14, and 16 required under
      federal  law as of  August 5, 1985. To be sure you
      complete all necessary parts of the Manifest.
      contact your state hazardous  waste agency, your
      transporter, and your receiving facility.
     Why are there multiple copies of the Manifest?

 A  The Manifest form is designed so that shipments
     of hazardous waste can be tracked from their
     point of generation to their final destination, the
     so-called "cradle-to-grave" system. The Manifest
     is produced in a multi-copy'format so that each
     step in the shipment process can be
     documented. Thus, the generator of the
     hazardous waste completes the Manifest, and
     turns the shipment and remaining copies of the
     Manifest over to the transporter. The  transporter
     or hauler signs the Manifest, returns one copy to
     the generator, and turns the shipment and
     Manifest over to the facility that the generator
     designated to receive the waste. The facility
     signs the Manifest, gives one copy back to the
     transporter, keeps a copy, and sends the
     remaining copy back to the generator so the
     generator knows that the hazardous waste has
    . reached its intended destination. Some states
     require that a copy of the Manifest also be sent
     to the state hazardous waste agency each time a
     shipment changes hands. Generators are
     required to keep a copy of each  Manifest, signed
     by the designated facility, in their files for three
     years following the date of the shipment.
Q

A
What if the generator does not receive a final
copy of the Manifest confirming the facility's
receipt of the shipment?

Under the new federal regulations. 100 to 1000
kg/mo generators are not. as are larger
generators, required to file "exception reports."
However, while these generators are not
required to file an exception report. EPA
strongly encourages generators to use good
business practice and perform the necessary
follow-up to make sure their waste shipments
reach the destination facility. Should a shipment
be truly lost, it is in the generator's interest to
notify EPA or the state in order to minimi?*, anv
future lia"
-------
     Can a restricted waste be stored? .
                               •  - •

 A Storage is allowed for restricted wastes
 solely for the purpose of accumulating
 sufficient quantities of waste to allow for
 proper treatment, recovery, and disposal. EPA
 generally will assume that storage of less than
 one year is necessary for such purposes.
 However, an owner/operator storing for longer
 than one year must be prepared to demonstrate
 that such storage is necessary. (EPA is
 establishing a presumption that storage for over
 one year is not for the purpose of facilitating
 proper treatment, recovery, or disposal.) The
 limitation on storage applies only  to restricted
 wastes. Therefore, wastes that meet the
 treatment standards, or are granted an
 approved petition or extension, are.not subject
 to the storage restriction.
      When does open detonation and open
 burning constitute land disposal?

 A   Open burning and open detonation
 generally are used  to manage those wastes that
 are hazardous because they exhibit the
 characteristic of reactivity. The Agency
 believes open burning and open detonation of
 explosive waste generally constitutes treatment
 that should result in non-reactive residuals.
 The land disposal restrictions apply  only in
 those instances when the residual produced
 continues to exhibit the characteristic of
 reactivity and, therefore, continues to be a
 .hazardous waste. Treatment standards for
 characteristic wastes will be established by the
 May  1990 statutory deadline.


 O   How will  the November 8, 1986, final
 rute affect managers of hazardous wastes?
A      •-*»•-.-••••••      .....  • ••• •••  •••
      It will affect them immediately  in that it
 sets treatment standards and effective dates for
 the spent solvent wastes and certain
 oioxin-containing wastes. In addition, as noted
 above, it also establishes a framework for
 making future decisions implementing the land
 disposal restrictions for all hazardous wastes.
  The treatment standards for solvents are
 based on data from the following technologies:
 incineration, biological treatment, steam
 stripping, and activated carbon adsorption. The
 standards range from 0.05 mg/1 (milligrams per
 liter)  to 12.7 mg/1 for wastewaters containing
 spent solvents and from 0.05 mg/1 to  5.0 mg/1
 for all other spent solvent wastes. The
 treatment standards for dioxin-containing
 wastes are based on data from the incineration .
of these wastes at 99.9999-percent destruction
removal efficiency (ORE). The  standards for the
dioxin wastes require that the  wastes be treated
to a |pv«l hfilnw Hetftrtion (nim>ntlv one narl
  Interel
  Corporation
  Environmental Control Systems
   All treatment standards are expressed as
 concentrations in the leachate of the waste
 The leachate is obtained by use of the toxicm
 characteristic leaching procedure.
   EPA is granting a nationwide two-year
 variance to the effective date for all dioxin
 wastes and for certain solvent wastes due to
 capacity shortfalls. The solvent wastes which
 have been granted the variance are:
 • Solvent waste generated by a small  quantity
 generator of 100-1000 kilograms of hazardous
 waste per month.

 • Solvent waste generated from any remedial
 or response action taken under the
 Comprehensive Environmental Response.
 Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
 (CERCLA) or any corrective action taken under
 the Resource Conservation and Recover)- Act of
 1976 (RCRA), except where the waste  is
 contaminated soil or debris. HSWA specifies
 that contaminated soil and debris are not
 subject to the restrictions until November 8.
 1988.

 •  Solvent waste which is a solvent-water
 mixture containing less than one percent total
 F001-F005 solvent constituents or containing
 less than one percent total organic carbon.
 •  Solvent waste which is a solvent-inorganic
 sludge mixture or solvent-contaminated soil
 (non-CERCLA or RCRA corrective action)
 containing less than one percent total
 F001-F005 solvent constituents.
 -" Spent solvent wastes not covered by the
 two-year variance are restricted from land
 disposal effective November 8.1986.
     Where can managers of hazardous waste
get further information and assistance?
     For answers to questions on the new
federal requirements or hazardous waste
regulations in general, managers may wish to
contact EPA's toll-free RCRA/Superfund
Hotline. (800) 424-9346 (in Washington. D.C..
382-3000).

  For information on specific aspects of the
land disposal restrictions, managers may
contact: Stephen R. Weil. Office of Solid Waste
(WH-562B). U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 401 M. Street. SW.. Washington. DC
204GO.'|202|382-J770.
-------
 V
-------
-------
Introduction
B-SC 200
SC100
Many industries are regularly confronted
with contaminated solvents generated
during equipment cleaning. Included are
operations in paint manufacture, fiberglass
fabrication, printing, parts degreasing and
electronic parts manufacture—to mention
only a few.

Many companies spend dearly for dis-
posal, transportation or off site reclamation
of spent solvents and shoulder unknown
responsibilities in the process. Interel
offers an economical solution for large
and small quantity generators.

Simple distillation units reclaim both
single and multi-component solvents.
These systems have the ability to solidify
residue waste for disposal at approved
waste sites. When solvent costs and
disposal costs are considered, payback
can be less than one year—even for
small operations.

Interel's solvent distillation systems may
be operated manually or automatically and
batchwise or continuously. These systems
range in size from 8 GPH to 150 GPH of
solvent recovery capacity.
Solvents contaminated by resins, adhe-
sives, rubber, paint or similar components
which produce a hard, rubbery or sticky
residue generally had to be disposed of
untreated. Solvent reclamation was difficult
or impossible.

The B-SC 200 Barrel Distiller solves this
problem.

The Barrel Distiller is unique as it recovers
spent solvent directly from a standard
55 gallon drum leaving the residue waste
right in the drum for easy disposal. Suc-
cessive filling of a drum consolidates
residues for lower disposal costs. The
drum is immersed in heat transfer liquid
which is heated by electric immersion
heaters.

The Barrel Distiller features stainless steel
construction, control panel, direct readout
thermometer, pressure gauge with relief
valve, liquid cooled condenser and safety
controls for unsupervised operation.

Optional items include: explosion proof
control panel, vacuum system, cooling
water regulator, transfer pump and adjust-
able timer.
SC 100 Solvent Reclaimer

The SC 100 Solvent Reclaimer consists
of a heavy gauge steel vessel which is
double jacketed with outer casings for heat
transfer liquid and insulation. The evapora-
tion vessel is equipped with two large,
compression sealed hinged doors for
access to the vapor space and to the
liquid sump for manual cleanout of dis-
tillation residues. The entire system is
mounted in a sturdy frame with removable
side panels.

The SC 100 has a solvent capacity of 100
liters (25 gallons) and distills from 5 to 10
GPH depending on type of solvent, con-
tamination and heat input rate.

The SC 100 includes a control panel, a
direct readout thermometer, pressure
gauge with relief valve, liquid cooled
condenser and safety controls for unsuper-
vised operation.

Optional items include: stainless steel
construction, explosion proof control
panel, vacuum system with intermediate
holding tank, automatic continuous filling
of dirty solvent, transfer pumps, cooling
water regulator, adjustable timer and
nitrocellulose safety quench system.
                                               B-SC 200 Barrel Distiller
-------
D-SC 200
A-SC 200,
750,1000,
1500 and 2000
D-SC 200 Solvent Reclaimer
                                         The distillation systems Type A-SC vary
                                         in capacity from 200 to 2000 liters (50 to
                                         525 gallons). Distillation rates of 15 to
                                         250 GPH are a function of solvent heat of
                                         vaporization, contamination character-
                                         istics and the heat input capacity of the
                                         distillation unit.

                                         The A-SC systems consist of a heavy
                                         gauge steel internal vessel which is double
                                         jacketed with outer casing for heat transfer
                                         liquid or steam, and insulation. The evap-
                                         oration vessel is cylindrical with a conical
                                         bottom leading to a residue discharge
                                         valve. The vessel is equipped with a large
                                         compression sealed hinged access door
                                         and sight glass.
                                                                                 A-SC 1500 Solvent Reclaimer
The D-SC 200 Solvent Reclaimer consists
of a heavy gauge steel horizontal vessel
which is double jacketed with outer cas-
ings for heat transfer liquid and insulation.
The evaporation vessel is equipped with a
large compression sealed hinged door for
manual cleanout of distillation residues.
The entire system is mounted in a sturdy
frame with removable side panels.

The D-SC 200 has a solvent capacity of
200 liters (50 gallons) and distills 8-20
GPH depending on type of solvent, con-
tamination and heat input rate.

Automatic continuous filling of contami-
nated solvent is standard including
transfer pump with explosion proof motor
controlled by an induction type high/low
level sensor with automatic timer shut-off
and high level safety shut-off with alarm.

The standard cooling water control system
regulates water consumption automatically
depending on the distillation output.
A modulating water valve is controlled to
maintain desired set point for cooling water
exit temperature.

The D-SC 200 includes a control panel,
direct readout thermometer, pressure
gauge with relief valve, liquid cooled
condenser and safety controls for unsuper-
vised operation.

Optional items include: stainless steel
construction, explosion proof control
panel, vacuum system with intermediate
holding tank, internal illumination, transfer
pump, adjustable timer and nitrocellulose
safety quench system.
                                                        A-SC 200 Solvent Reclaimer
-------
                                         Vacuum
                                         System
                                         Safety
                                         Features
The vessel is designed for indirect heating
by forced circulation of externally supplied
thermal oil or steam and features an agi-
tator with self-adjusting teflon scraper
blades to prevent residue deposits on the
heat transfer surface. Explosion proof
motor with torque overload protection and
shaft vacuum seal are included.

The A-SC Solvent Reclaimers feature a
steel support frame with ladder, control
panel, direct readout thermometer, pres-
sure gauge with relief valve, liquid cooled
condenser and safety controls for unsuper-
vised operation.

Optional items include: stainless steel
construction, explosion proof control
panel, vacuum system with intermediate
holding tank, thermal oil heating system,
electric steam generator, internal illumina-
tion, transfer pumps, access platform with
staircase, programmable controller,
adjustable timer and nitrocellulose safety
quench system.
A vacuum system is required for solvents
with a boiling temperature which exceeds
300°F Distillation at a lower pressure
reduces the distillation temperature thus
insuring a smooth distillation process
without cracking of hydrocarbons.

Vacuum systems feature explosion proof
motors and liquid cooling to remove heat
produced by the vacuum pump where
required.
                                         Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump
Safety features include: cooling water flow
switch, vapor temperature switch, heat
transfer liquid level switch and dual set
point thermostat all interlocked to the heat
transfer source for automatic shut-down;
pressure relief valve; liquid level sensors
with alarm; explosion proof motors and
heating elements; intrinsically safe cir-
cuits;  nitrocellulose decomposition
quench; gear motor torque overload pro-
tect; and non-sparking aluminum tools for
residue removal.
                                         B-SC 200 Control Panel, Explosion Proof

A-SC 760 Solvent Reclalmtr
              Custom Platform Mounted Sytttm
-------
Special
Benefits
Always clean solvent on demand.
Simple operation, fully automatic systems available.
Compliance with environmental standards and waste
minimization requirements.
Avoid responsibility for off-site transportation of solvents.
Reduced costs and long term liability for disposal of
residues only.
Avoid registration as hazardous waste generator if
residues are less than 100 kg/month.
Reduced inventory of fresh and contaminated
solvents—saves up to 90% of inventory capital.
Payback period for required investment typically less
than one year.
Lower cost for recycled solvent than available from
reclaiming companies.
Certainty of keeping your own solvents.
-------
     Interel
Corporation
    Environmental
   Control Systems
      RO. Box 4676
  Englewood, Colorado 80155
  Telephone: (303) 773-0753
    Fax: (303) 792-0931
      Printed in U.S.A.
       SDS-892-B
-------
                                          Interel
                                          Corporation
                                          Environmental Control Systems
             SOLVENT RECYCLING  EQUIPMENT REFERENCE LIST
National Starch and  Chemical  Co,
742 Grayson Street
Berkeley, CA  94710
415/548-6722
Jim McManus

Douglas Furniture Corporation
5020 W. 73rd Street
Bedford Park, IL  60499
(312)458-1505

Sea Sprite Industries, Inc.
Highway 24 East
Crescent City, IL    60928
(815) 683-2155

Marble Products
1017 E. 22nd Street
Indianapolis, IN   46202
(317) 925-2433
Bill Van Huss

Modine Manufacturing Co.
239 Factory Street
LaPorte, IN  46350
219/362-7041, Ext. 309
Bill Burkhard

Loctite Corporation
3255 Harvester Road
Kansas City, KS 66115
913/621-1400
Dave Adams
B-SC 200
Recycling variety of
solvents
B-SC 200
Recycling MEK
B-SC 200
Recycling acetone
B-SC 200
Recycling acetone
B-SC 200
Reducing hazardous waste
water disposal. Recycling
VM&P Naptha
B-SC 200
Recycling acetone/alcohol
          P.O. Box 4676, Englewood, CO 80155  T«l«phon«: 303/773-0753   T«l*copl«n 303/792-0931
-------
                                         Intere!
                                         Corporation
                                         Environmental Control Systems
Labeltape Inc.
4275 Airwest Drive S.
Grand Rapids, MI  49508
616/698-8890
Chuck Piette

K.J. Quinn and Company, Inc.
137 Folly Mill Road
Seabrook, NH  03874
603/474-5392
Bryant Winterholer

National Starch and Chemical  Co.
225 Belleville Avenue
Bloomfield,NJ  07003
201/748-9400
Chuck Stypulkowsky

Gemini Lacquers,Inc.
101 S.W. 22nd
El Reno, OK 73036
405/262-5710
Hersh Zarecor

Sharpoint, Inc.
2850 Windmill Road
Reading, PA  19608
215/670-2060
Paul Kalejta

Polymer Equipment Cleaning
109 E. Newberry Avenue
Sumter, SC  29150
803/242-5192
Nicos Andreas

Chemical Dynamics
1020 E. Columbia
Weatherford, TX  76086
817/594-5464
Brian Kern
SC 100
Recycling perchloroethylene/
n-Butanol solvent blend
B-SC 200
Recycling MEK/methylene
chloride solvent blend
B-SC 200
Recycling variety of
solvents
D-SC 200
Recycling variety of
lacquer thinners
SC 200
Separating isopropyl
alcohol from butyrolactone
SC 200
Recycling triethylene
glycol
SC 100
Recycling MEK and toluene
-------
                                         Interei
                                         Corporation
                                         Environmental Control Systems
Lakeway Printers
100 Lakeway Place
Tullahoma, TN 37388
615/455-5084
Bette Donathan

American Tobacco Company
13101 N. Enon Church Road
Chester, VA 23831
804/751-7500
Byron Price

Virginia Transformer Corporation
1634 Seibel Drive
N.E. Roanoke, VA 24012
703/345-9892
Dave Merriam

International Adhesives and
 and Resins Pty. Ltd.
14 Tullamarine Park Road
Tullamarine, Melbourne
Australia
Wai Zawadka

Emhart Australia Pty. Ltd.
P.O. Box 50
51-71 High Street
Thomastown, Victoria  3074
Australia
(03) 465-5211
Ian C. Johns
DR6 Packaging
85 Laird Drive
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
416/421-1700
Lou Gizzarelli
M4G 3TB
                    B-SC  200
                    Recycling  toluene
                    2  X  B-SC  200
                    Recycling Freon-11
                    B-SC  200
                    Recycling xylene  and
                    paint thinner
                    B-SC  200
                    Recycling variety  of
                    solvents
                    B-SC  200
                    Recycling variety of
                    solvents
A-SC 750
Recycling ethyl acetate/
ethanol/toluene/isopropanol/
methanol solvent blend
-------
f r _olvent "5©
^Distillation
 lEquiprnent
  IS Jr* Series
^FINISH COMPANY; INC.
-------


-------
         .
^Distillation
^Equipment
  IS Series
PIFINISH COMPANY, INC
                                   ^Models

                                   LS-15D

                                   LS-15IID
                                      '

-------
LS Jr.  Vacuum Attachment
Specifications
 Height:    17 inches     43 cm
 Width:    15 inches     38 cm
 Depth:    22 inches     56 cm
 Weight:    80 pounds    36 kg
Capabilities
• Processes solvents with boiling
 points up to 500°F (260°C) such
 as mineral spirits, Stoddard solvent,
 kerosene and Varsol

Features
• Retrofitable to existing LS-Jr.
• Allows either vacuum or
 atmospheric  distillation
• Unique JetVac pump design
• Achieves up to 28 inches (71 cm)
 mercury vacuum
• Explosionproof electricals CSA
 approved for  Class 1, Division 1,
 Group D hazardous locations
• Distillate discharges to pail
 at atmospheric pressure
• One-switch operation
• Easy-to-read vacuum gauge

Utility Requirements
• 115V, single phase, 60 Hz, 4 amps
• 1 /10 to 1 /4 GPM cooling water

Principles
The LS-Jr. V utilizes breakthrough
technology to reclaim higher-boiling
solvents.
Solvent in the reservoir tank is
circulated by the solvent pump
through the high-velocity JetVac. This
high-speed circulation produces a
vacuum in the distillation unit.
As solvent is recovered and cooled,
it is gravity-fed from the vacuum unit
to a 5-gallon distillate pail.
LS Jr.  Ventilation Booth
                              Features
                              • Contains and exhausts vapor
                              • Available in two sizes to
                               accommodate LS-Jr. or LS-Jr. V
                              • Easy to assemble
                              • All hardware for assembly is
                               included
                              • Available with 1/4 HP TEFC motor
                               and non-sparking ventilation fan
                              • Bulkhead fittings and vapor seals
                               provided for convenient water and
                               power hook-up
                              Specifications
                                 LS-Jr. Booth
                                 52" wide
                                 38" tall
                                 32" deep
               JS-Jr. V Booth
               70" wide
               38" tall
               32" deep
                              • Motor — 1/4 HP,  1725  RPM,
                               115/230 volt, 60Hz,1 Phase, TEFC

                              • Fan —12" Diameter, 990 CFM
                               Capacity @1/4"SP
                         LARGER UNITS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE
                                              ^INISH ENGINEERING

                                               Finish Company, Inc.
                                               921 Greengarden Road
                                               Erie, Pennsylvania 16501-1591 U.S. A
                                               Phone 814/455-4478
                                               FAX 814/455-8518
                                                       TM
                                                                               F89-275B-SP 5M
-------
 Iii-House  Solvent  Recovery
 Small  Volume  Batch Feed
Thousands of Installations
Turn your hazardous waste solvent into
profits with Finish Company, Inc. in-house
solvent recovery equipment Manufactur-
ing solvent handling equipment for over
thirty years. Finish Company has estab-
lished itself as the industry leader in
in-house solvent distillation technology.

Thousands of distillation units operating
successfully attest to the reliability of our
equipment Companies worldwide are re-
claiming contaminated solvents on-site
into clean, reusable solvent for just
pennies per gallon.

Advantages
LS Series solvent  recovery equipment is
uniquely designed and can provide many
years of safe,  simple and efficient daily
operation... virtually maintenance-free
This equipment provides typical payback
in 6 to 12 months  and when properly in-
stalled and operated satisfies the most
stringent safety and emission standards
for in-house solvent reclamation.

Compared to outside reclamation ser-
vices, in-house distillation with LS equip-
ment can return a  purer product, provide
a higher recovery yield and allow you to
control your distillation schedule — all at
exceptionally low  operating costs.

In addition, liabilities for transportation and
disposal of hazardous waste are sub-
stantially reduced. In recent years, the
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
(RCRA) has given tradle to grave" re-
sponsibility to generators of hazardous
waste for its storage, transportation and
disposal.

In-house reclamation reduces the stag-
gering cost of handling waste in com-
pliance with EPA regulations

Capacities
The LS Series is comprised of four basic
models designed to process batches of
3-5,15,55 or 110 gallons of contaminated
solvent per shift The standard units are
capable of handling solvents with boiling
points ranging from 100° to 320°F. For
solvents with boiling points from 320° to
500°F, use our standard LS Series plus
optional vacuum attachment

Safety Design
Finish Company solvent recovery equip-
ment is unmatched in its attention to daily
operator safety and environmental  re-
sponsibilities. All LS Series units strictly
adhere to Class I, Division I, Group D
(NEM A 7) electrical code standards. Each
LS unit is accompanied by a Stilmanual,
which provides careful recommendations
on installation and operation.

Made in the U.S.A.
LS equipment is researched, designed,
produced and tested at our 50,000 square
foot modern manufacturing facility located
in Erie, Pennsylvania.
 Meeting Your Requirements
 Prospective applications are evaluated by
 our Engineering and R & D Departments
 to ensure that each unit meets specific
 usage requirements. In our fully staffed
 and equipped Laboratory, we conduct
 daily evaluations concerning all facets of
 distillation technology.


 Contract testing is available You send a
 clearly defined sample of your contami-
 nated solvent to be distilled, and Finish
 Company will provide reports and an LS
 equipment recommendation. Demonstra-
 tions and full  scale testing can be ar-,
 ranged on any of the LS Series units.
Consult Those Who Know
Finish Company sales engineers and
chemists offer years of experience in
solvent distillation covering diverse in-
dustrial applications and stringent military
specifications. Printers, paint manufac-
turers and users, fiberglass molders, utility
companies, government agencies and
metalworking plants are just a few of those
reclaiming millions  of gallons of solvent
on-site each year with Finish Company
equipment

A network of North American and Inter-
national sales representatives offer
continued support These people have
constant direct line access and contact
with Finish Company, Inc.
A metal fabricator recovers 99% pure degreasing solvents with a Model
LS-15D. Investment payback was realized in just a few months. This is one
of thousands of successful installations in use worldwide by printers, fiberglass
molders, and manufacturers of paint, adhesives, electronics, auto parts, etc.
                   A midwest paint manufacturer uses a Model LS-55D to distill 55 gallons
                   per day of solvent contaminated with various paint pigments and resins.
                   Solvents reclaimed include MEK, MIBK, xylene, methanol, and toluene.
                   Payback was realized in a few short months.
-------
How  it  Works...
Boiling Chamber Filled
Solvent is poured or pumped into the
Teflon*-coated boiling chamber, which the
operator lines with a standard Stilbag. In
lieu of Stilbag, an optional Teflon-coated
Stilpan may be used.

Solvent Heated
After the chamber lid is secured, power
to the unit is activated. Heat is transferred
from the patented encapsulated heater
through the conductive walls of the
chamber directly into the solvent.
Vapors Formed
As the solvent boils, vapors form and pass
through the vapor tube into a water-cooled
shell-and-tube condenser.

Vapors Condensed
Vapors are condensed into a liquid state.
This clean, clear, 99%-pure distillate
gravity flows into an approved customer-
provided 15- or 55-gallon drum.
Cycle Completed
When visual check through sight glass
indicates no further distillate is available,
the unit is shut off and allowed to cool.

Residue Removed
After cooling, residue remaining behind in
the Teflon-coated boiling chamber is then
removed via the Stilbag or optional Teflon-
coated Stilpan.

"DuPont registered trademark
    Distillation Schematic
                  Contaminated
                    Solvent
                                                                            Ventilation
       Electric
     Heat Source
                                                                              Pure
                                                                            Reclaimed
                                                                             Solvent
-------
Design  and  Safety  Features
Safety Design
Finish Company solvent reclaimers are
built to Class I. Division I, Group D (NEM A
7) standards of the National Electrical
Coda

Patented Encapsulated
Heating Element
Heating element is encapsulated within
the vessel bottom insuring direct heat to
100% of the vessel surfaces. This method
eliminates the need for inefficient hot  oil
immersion heating. The encapsulated
heater on all LS Series units carry a five
year warranty.

Residue Removal System
Residue is contained within disposable
Stilbag liner for convenient removal and
handling. Teflon-coated Stilpan is op-
tionally available  Distillation chamber is
Teflon coated for ease of cleaning.

Water-Cooled Condenser
Efficient shell-and-tube design provides
complete condensing of vapors, allows
easy cleaning, and eliminates need for
pumps or other moving parts. Solvent
gravity flows into an approved customer-
provided 15- or 55-gallon drum.

Push/Pull Lighted Indicator
Shows on and off positions Light indicates
sufficient water flow through condenser for
operation of boiling chamber.
Condenser Water Flow
Switch/Interlock
The distillation unit operates ONLY when
sufficient volume of cooling water is
present. Interruption of water terminates
power to unit

Adjustable Flow Meter
Console-mounted gauge with dial allows
personnel to set volume and observe
actual flow of cooling water to condenser
for efficient usage.

Adjustable Temperature
Controller
Operating temperature can be set to
350°F.

Vapor Temperature
Gauge
Indicates vapor temperature throughout
distillation run. Used to determine the
optimum termination point

Quick Cool Coil
Allows for fast cooling  of distillation tank
for multi-shift use.

Vacuum Capability
All LS Series units will accept our unique
JetVac Attachment allowing recovery of
solvents with boiling points up to 500°F.
Dual Thermostat Controls
Two override thermostat controls are
provided so that the unit temperature
does not exceed the Underwriters Labora-
tory's recommendation for heater temper-
ature in a Class I, Division I, Group D
environment

Fully Insulated
Total distillation tank including lid is insu-
lated with ceramic fiber for heat retention
to provide efficient distillation.

Dual External Venting
System (DEVS)
Provides safe transmission of potential
vapors away from distillation site when pro-
perly customer-installed and operated.
DEVS involves:
• Pressure Relief Valves
  a) enables vapors to escape into
     DEVS from boiling chamber at
     .5 psi.
  b) prevents pressurization of distillate
     receiving container.
• Vacuum Attachment Port for installation
  of modular vacuum attachments
• Swing Check provides for vapor ex-
  haust under vacuum operation.
• Sight Glasses allow visual inspection of
  a) venting system
  b) reclaimed distillate flow.
• Flame Arrester conforms to NFPA re-
  quirements for the emission of vapors.
                         Installation Guidelines
                         • Still must be located in an enclosure with only explosionproof electrical
                          devices present and with electrically interlocked floor ventilation.
                         • Ground all containers.
                         • Still installation must be approved by an accredited inspector prior to
                          operation.
                         • Detailed manual and safety instructions accompany each still.
-------
     LS-15D
                                                                                               Flame
                                                                                               Arrester
   Toggle
   Clamp
   Stilbag


   Stilbag
   Retainer
   Ring
   Vapor


   Ceramic
   Fiber
   Insulation
   Outer
   Shell


   Teflon-
   coated
   Boiling
   Chamber
Contaminated
Solvent
                                                Vapor
                                                Temperature        Water Cooled
                                                Gauge             Condenser
                                                       Condenser
                                                       Water Flow       /    Push/Pull
                                                       Switch/Interlock  /    Lighted Indicator
            Pressure
            Relief Valve
               Stilbag
               Vent Tube
                                                                                             Ground Terminal Block
                                                                                           Terminal m . Receiving Drum
                                                                                           Terminal n - Filling Container
                                                                                           Terminal »3 . Earth Ground
                                                                                               Pressure Relief valve
                                                                                                  Distillate
                                                                                                  Sight Glass
                                                                                                   Discharge Hose

                                                                                                      Grounding Wire

                                                                                                         Drum Connector
                                                               Condenser
                                                               Water Inlet
                                                                                   Adjustable
                                                                    Quick Cool      Row Meter
                                                                    Water Connections
                   Encapsulated
                   Heater
                           Electrical
                           Connection Box
                                               Factory Set
                                               Thermostat Box
Heating
Element
Quick
Cool Coil
Adjustable
Temperature
Controller
     The Model LS-15D processes up to three 55-gallon drums of
     contaminated solvent per week at an average rate of 15 gallons
     per 6-8 hours. This standard atmospheric unit reclaims solvents
     with boiling points up to 320°F. Solvents with boiling points
     up to 500°F can be reclaimed with use of the JetVac
     attachment.
                                                                                          15-Gallon
                                                                                          Receiving
                                                                                          Drum
                                                                                                   Clean
                                                                                                   Solvent
-------
Specifications
 LS-Jr.
Note: Attached to each LS Unit is a Stilmanual, which directs you to follow NFPA 30
for installation.
  Process Rate
                                                            Boiling Range
   3-5 gal/shift
                      100 - 320°F
11.4-18.9ltr/shift
                     38-160°C
                                                                           UTIUTY REQUIREMENTS
                                                            Condensing Water
                                                            Cooling Watefrw
:   1/8-1/4 gpm
                                       .47 - .95 Ipm
                                                                             UNIT DIMENSIONS
 LS-15D
  Process Rate
                                                            Boiling Range
   15 gal/shift
                      100 - 320°F
  57 Itr/shift
                     38-160°C
                                                                           UTILITY REQUIREMENTS
                                                            Condensing Water       1/4 • 1/2 gpm
                                                            Cooling Water*.
  Electricity i?V->
                       1 - 3 gpm.
                                       .95-1.9 Ipm
                   . 3.8-11.4 Ipm
                                                                                   115V10 50/60 Hz 1.65 kw.
                                                                                   220V 10 50/60 Hz 1.65 kw
                                                                             UNIT DIMENSIONS
 LS-15IID
  Process Rate
                                                            Boiling Range
   15 gal/shift
                      100 - 320°F
  57 Itr/shift
                     38-160%
                                                                           UTILITY REQUIREMENTS
                                                            Condensing Water
                                                            Cooling Water*
                                                            Electricity
                      1/4 • 1/2 gpm
                       1 - 3 gpm
                    .95-1.9 Ipm
                    3.8-11.4 Ipm
                         115V10 50/60 Hz 1.65 kw
                                                                                   220V 10 50/60 Hz 1.65 kw
                                                                             UNIT DIMENSIONS
LS15DV
10
  Process Rate
                                                            Boiling Range
    15 gal/shift
                      100-500°F
  57 Itr/shift
                     38-260%
                                                                           UTILITY REQUIREMENTS
                                                            Condensing Water
                                                            Cooling Water*
                                                            Electricity
                      3/4 • 1 gpm
                       1 - 3 gpm
                     2.8 - 3.8 Ipm
                    3.8 -11.4 Ipm
                          115V 10 60 Hz 3.25 kw
                                                                                   220V 10 60 Hz 3.25 kw
                                                                             UNIT DIMENSIONS
'Used for 1/2 hour to cool distillation tank (optional use)
-------
BCF-Series
BCF-380
BCF-760
                                                        BCF-600
Finish Company also offers a line of large-volume solvent distillation equipment The BCF Series is comprised of three basic models
— our standard 380 and 760 units and our special 600 unit — to process from 250 to 1600 gallons per shift with single batch
or continuous feed operation. Hazardous waste solvent is processed into clean, clear, reusable solvent on site.



Manufacturing Facilities
Finish Company's 50,000 square-foot  All phases of manufacturing are under-  Distillation of valuable solvents is evaluated
modern manufacturing facility is located on  taken at our main location.           daily in our fully staffed and equipped
41/2 acres in Erie, Pennsylvania.                                    Laboratory and R & D Departments.
                                             FINISH ENGINEERING Co.

                                             Finish Company, Inc.
                                             921 Greengarden Road
                                             Erie, Pennsylvania 16501-1591 U.S.A.
                                             Phone 814/455-4478
                                             FAX 814/455-8518
                                                                          F89-229B-SP 10M
-------
                            :
             Distillation
             Equipment
Selector
Guide
Follow these steps to select
solvent distillation equipment.


1.  Locate your solvent(s).

2.  Estimate your volume of
    contaminated solvent.

3.  Determine model code.

4.  Select from Equipment Guide.
Equipment
Guide
Code
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Model
L&JR
LS-15D
LS-55D
380
760
LS-JRV
or
LS-15DV
LS-55DV
380V
760V
Gallons
Per
Shin
1
55
250
500
3-5
or
15
55
250
500
Standard
100-320°F
38-160»C
boning
point
X
X
X
X




Vacuum
100-500°F
38-2WF
boiling
point




X
X
X
X
 ^ALCOHOLS
 Lbs. per
 Gallon
 at68°F
METHANQL
ETHANQL. ANHYDROUS
                                          ETHANOL. 95%
                                          ISOPROPANOL. 99%
n-PROPANOL
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
n-BUTYL ALCOHOL
sec-BUTYL ALCOHOL
AMYL ALCOHOL
(Mixed Isomers)
CYCLOHEXANOL
n-HEXANOL
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
 6.59
                    6.76
                    6.55
 6.74
 6.72
 6.75
 6.73
 6.76
 751
 6.83
 9.29
                                                                     Boiling Range
       171-176
       166-175
       179-181
       207-208
       255-232
       239-24!
       208-214
       230-293
       320-324
       307-320
       368-392
             64-65
 75-81
             74-79
             80-81
 96-98
 107-109
 116-118
 97-102
 110-145
 160-163
 153-160
 198-200
                                          Distillation Model
                                                                                  Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                      0-75
                       150-250
                            500-1000
                       1500+
                                               ALIPHATIC •
                                               ETROLEUM
ILbs. Per
 Gallon
I at 68°F
n-PENTANE
TEXTILE SPIRITS
n-HEXANE
n-HEPTANE
VM&P NAPHTHA
HI-FLASH VM&P NAPHTHA
NAPHTHOL MINERAL SPIRITS
MINERAL SPIRITS N0.10
STODDARD SOLVENT
MINERAL SPIRITS
VARSOL-1
HI-FLASH MINERAL SPIRITS
ODORLESS MINERAL SPIRITS
KEROSENE
 5.22
 5.75
 5.51
 5.71
 6.29«*F
 6.34M°F
 6.51«°F
 6.58«>0F
 6.61 «>°F
 6.31"°F
 6.77«>°F
                                                                     Boiling Range
       91-106
       145-175
       151-160
       196-214
       236-292
       240-320
       307-340
       307-385
       310-388
       314-390
       322-336
       325-399
       352-398
       374-503
 33-41
 63-79
 65-70
 91-101
113-144
            116-160
153-171
153-196
            154-198
157-199
            161-169
163-203
177-202
190-262
                                          Distillation Model
                                       Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                      0-75
                       150-250
B
                                                500-1000
                                                                                                1500+
                                           4IAROMATICSW
                                           **      '
                                          TOLUOL (Toluene)
                    __.. Per
                    Gallon
                   I at 68°F
                                          XYLOL (Xylene)
                                          (Mixed Isomers)
                                          HI-FLASH COAL TAR NAPHTHA
m-CRESOL
                    7.20
                    7.17
                    7.12M°F
8.66
                          Boiling Range
      228-232
      261-318
      293-392
      396-406
            109-111
            127-159
            145-199
202-207
                      Distillation Model
                    Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                                                                0-75
                                          150-250
             B
                                                                                          500-1000
                                                                                                1500+
 ^CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS
                                          n-PROPYL CHLORIDE
ILbs. Per
 Gallon
 at 68°F
                                          ISOPROPYL CHLORIDE
                                          METHYLENE CHLORIDE
                                          DICHLOROETHYLENE 1.1
                                          ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
                                          MONOCHLOROBENZENE
                                          PROPYLENE DICHLORIDE
                                          CHLOROFORM
                                          TRICHLOROETHYLENE
                                          TRICHLOROETHANE 1.1,1
                                           METHYL CHLOROFORM)
                                           rRICHLOROETHANE1.1.2
                                          ORTHO DICHLOROBENZENE
                                          1,2,3TRICHLOROPROPANE
                                          CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
                                          PERCHLOROETHYLENE
                                          TETRACHLOROETHANE
                                           Symmetrical)	
(Symn
TETRA
                                           ETRACHLOROETHANE
                                          (Unsymmetrical)	
                                          TRICHLOROBENZENE
                                          (Mixed Isomers)
                    7.43
                    7.17
                    11.07
                    10.43M°F
                    10.45
                    9.23
                    9.65
                    12.43
                    12.22
                    12.22
                    12.04
                    10.89
                    11.59
                    13.30
                    13.55
 13.35
                    13.25
                    12.15"°F
                          Boiling Range
      113-117
       94-104
      102-106
        99
      180-183
      266-273
      204-208
        142
      188-198
        165
      230-239
      351-361
      313-317
       171-172
       250-254
       295-297
       264-267
       415-423
             45-47
             34-40
             39-40
              37
             82-84
            131-133
             95-98
              61
             87-92
              74
            110-115
            177-183
            156-158
             76-78
            120-122
146-147
            129-131
            209-217
                       Distillation Model
                    Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                                                                0-75
                                                                                     150-250
             B
                                                                                          500-1000
                                                                                                1500+
-------
                     Lbs. Per
                      Gallon
                     at 68°F
METHYL ACETATE
ETHYL ACETATE (85-88%)
ETHYL ACETATE (99%)
ISOBUTYL ACETATE
n-BUTYL ACETATE
sec-BUTYL ACETATE
AMYL ACETATE
(Mixed Isomers)
sec-AMYL ACETATE
n-BUTYL PROPIONATE
  7.58
  7.37
  7.50
  7.24
  7.28
  7.27
 7.21
 7.18
 7.27
                            Boiling Range
127-136
158-176
169-174
220-246
244-262
219-239
259-311
259-293
255-340
 53-58
 70-80
 76-78
112-119
118-128
104-115
126-155
126-145
124-171
                         Distillation Model
                      Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                         0-75
                         150-250  500-1000
                                               B
                                                          1500+
              In-House
              Solvent
              Distillation
              Advantages
TA
TE
TES
TMC
T-E35
T-P35
T-WD 602
                     Lbs. Per
                      Gallon
                      at 68°F
                     13.06
 11.73
 12.56
 12.48
 11.85
  9.75
 9.6
 12.47
                             Boiling Range
        117.6
 110.5
 112.3
 111.9
 97.2
 119
 120
 112
       47.6
 43.6
 44.6
 44.4
 36.2
 48.3
 48.9
 44.4
                         Distillation Model
                      Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                         0-75
                                              150-250 500-1000
              B
•Freon is Du Pont registered trademark for Us fluorocarbon compounds
                                     1500+
               Excellent savings

               Minimal  labor involvement

               Greatly reduced residue
               disposal costs  &
               responsibility
                     Lbs. Per
                      Gallon
                      at 68°F
                      6.58
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
DIETHYL KETONE
METHYL n-PROPYL KETONE
CYCLOHEXANONE
METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
METHYL n-BUTYL KETONE
METHYL CYCLOHEXANONE
(Mixed Isomers)	
 ACETONYL ACETONE
DIISOPROPYL KETONE
METHYL n-AMYL KETONE
DIACETONE
  6.71
  6.80
  6.72
  7.88
  6.68
  6.63
 7.67
 8.10
 6.73
  6.81
  7.82
                             Boiling Range
       132-134
174-177
212-219
214-225
266-343
234-244
237-279
237-343
365-383
237-261
297-309
266-356
       36-57
 78-80
100-103
101-107
156-158
114-117
115-137
115-173
184-195
114-127
147-154
130-180
                         Distillation Model
                      Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                         0-75
                                              150-250 500-1000 1500+
              B
                Note: Certain mixtures of chemicals that
                may react chemically up to 350°F must
                be avoided. Be sure to confer with Finish
                Thompson personnel regarding your par-
                ticular distillation requirements.
                     Lbs. Per
                      Gallon
                      at 68°F
                     7.10
TURPENTINE GUM SPIRITS
TURPENTINE STEAM DISTILL
 7.21»°F
 7.13
                             Boiling Range
       342-374
313-340
311-343
      172-190
156-171
155-173
                         Distillation Model
                      Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                                         0-75
                                              150-250
                                                   500-1000
                                                          1500+
                                                           H
     .EPLACEMENT,
    ^SOLVENTS ^
I Lbs. per
 Gallon
I at 68«F
POLYSAFE
(Citrus Based)
M-PYROL
(NMP)
DIBASIC ESTERS
{DBEJ	
GAMMA-BirTYROLACTONE
(GBL or BLO)
 7.00
 856
 9.09
 9.40
                            Boiling
  310_
397-401
365437
  403
      Range
       •C
 154
203-205
196-225
 206
           Distillation Model
              Gallons Per 40-Hour Week
                    0-75
                 150-250
                 500-1000
1500+
                                FINISH
                                THOMPSON
                               INC.
 921 Greengarden Road
 Erie. PA 16501-1591 U.S.A
 PH. 814-455-4478
FAX 814-455-8518
                                                                                                   F88-123E-GP3
-------
    WASTE SOLVENT  RECOVERY SYSTEMS

                            General Services Administration
                                Federal Supply Service
                  Authorized Federal Supply Schedule Price List (catalog)
               Schedule Title: Federal Supply Schedule FSC Group 66, Part II,
                     Section B • Instruments and Laboratory Supplies
                              • Waste Solvent Recovery Systems
                            Contract Number: GS-OOF-2411A
                       Contract Period: May 1,1990 - April 30,1995


                             FINISH COMPANY, INC*
                                921 Greengarden Road
                               Erie, PA 16501-1591 U.S.A.
                          Phone: 814/455-4478; FAX: 814/455-8518
                       Contact: Peter B. Scantlebury, Sales Engineer
                                Business Size: Small
Information for Ordering Activities:
 1. Special Item No.      Page    Catalog No.
         540-14        1-12     F89-275B
         540-15        1-12     F89-275B
 2. Maximum Order Limitation: $50,000 per SIN
 3. Minimum Order: One unit
 4. Geographical Coverage: 50 states and
   Washington, DC
 5. Point of Production: Erie, Erie County, Penn-
   sylvania USA
 6. Statement of Net Price: Prices shown herein
   are net, discount already deducted.
 7. Quantity Discounts - not applicable
 8. Prompt Payment Terms • Net 30 days
 9. Government Commercial Credit Card - A & B
   -not applicable
10. Foreign Items - none
11. Time-of Delivery - Standard equipment  - 60
   days; STD Series - 60-90 days
12. FOB  Points -  FOB Destination  to  48 con-
   tiguous states and District of Columbia. Ex-
   cludes Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
13. Ordering Address:
      Finish Company, Inc.
      921 Greengarden Road
      Erie, Pennsylvania 16501-1591, U.S.A.
      Phone: 814/455-4478
      FAX:   814/455-8518
      Extratec Corporation
      5930 Muncaster Mill Road
      Rockville, MD 20855, U.S.A.
      Phone: 301/924-5150
      FAX:   301/924-5151.
14. Payment Address:
       Finish Company, Inc.
       921 Greengarden Road
       Erie, Pennsylvania 16501-1591, U.S.A.

15. Warranty Provisions:
   Limited 360 day warranty with each model is
   operated  strictly  in   accordance  with
   Stilmanual instructions. It is guaranteed to
   recover solvents and is warranted 360 days
   from date of shipment against manufacturing
   defects in material and workmanship.

16. Export Packing Charges - not applicable

17. Terms and Conditions of Government commer-
   cial credit card acceptance - not applicable

18. Terms and Conditions of rental, maintenance
   and repair - not applicable.

19. Terms and Conditions of installation - not
   applicable.

20. Terms and Conditions of repair parts • 5% dis-
   count  on  spare parts from Spare Parts List
   dated June 1,1990.

21. List of Service and Distribution Points • not
   applicable.

22. List of Participating  Dealers - not applicable.

23. Preventive Maintenance • not applicable.
-------
                     PRICING SECTION
Special Item No.
Model No.
WASTE SOLVENT DISTILLATION SYSTEMS
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
LS-JR
LS-JRV
LS-15D
LS-15DV
LS-15IID
LS-15IIDV
LS-55D
LS-55DV
LS-55IID
LS-55IIDV
GSA Net Price

$ 3,690.00
5,295.00
7,807.00
11,502.00
11,026.00
14,721.00
16,955.00
21,441.00
20,123.00
24,609.00
WATER DISTILLATION SYSTEMS
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
540-14
LS-55STD-CP
LS-55ST D-15B
LS-55STD-30B
LS-55STD-CPV
LS-55STD-15BV
LS-55STD-30BV
$25,594.00
30,034.00
31,052.00
30,081.00
34,521.00
35,538.00
OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
540-15
LS-JR Vacuum Attachment only
LS-15D Vacuum Attachment only
LS-55D/55IID Vacuum Attachment only
LS-55STD Vacuum Attachment only
LS-JR Stilbags
LS-JR Hi-Temp Stilbags
LS-15D Stilbags
LS-15D Hi-Temp Stilbags
LS-55D Stilbags
LS-55D Hi-Temp Stilbags
LS-55ST D Stilbags
LS-55STD Hi-Temp Stilbags
LS-JR Retainer Ring
LS-15D Retainer Ring
LS-55D Retainer Ring
LS-55STD Retainer Ring
LS-JR Stilgasket (4-501 rolls/pkg.)
LS-15D Stilpan
LS-55D Stilpan
LS-55STD Stilpan
Temperature Shut-Off w/Timer
Temperature Indicator
Transfer Pump • air motor
Transfer Pump • explosion proof elec.
LS-JR SS Condenser
. LS-15D SS Condenser •
LS-55D SS Condenser
LS-55STD 15 kw SS Condenser
LS-55STD 30 kw SS Condenser
$ 1,604.00
3,695.00
4,486.00
4,486.00
19.38/doz.
25.76/doz.
33.72/doz.
44.31 /doz.
73.68/doz.
92.27/doz.
84.73/doz.
104.06/doz.
51.20
41.02
61.60
61.60
18.36/pkg.
254.37
402.37
485.62
1,281.00
405.15
716.87
1,017.50
405.15
543.90
1,114.62
2,520.62
3,468.75
                 FINISH COMPANY, INC®
921 Greengarden Road • Erie, Pennsylvania 16501-1591 U.S.A. • Phone 814/455-4478 • FAX 814/455-8518
                                                            J90-150D-AP
-------
                                                 853-R
                                             RESIN   CLEANER
Templex 853-R  is a highly effective emulsion cleaner used to remove wet resins from
layup tools and equipment  A versatile cleaner, 853-R  is used by boatbuilders, spa &
tub makers, tank winders and others in the reinforced plastics  industry to  clean a wide
range of resins. Iso and orthophthalic polyester, numerous epoxy, phenolic, and even
vinylester resins can be cleaned with 853-R. Clean up with acetone is no longer
necessary because 853-R  can be used successfully in lamination without the hazard
or environmental restrictions associated with acetone and methyline chloride.

                                          ADVANTAGES	

                                       NON-FLAMMABLE,
                                                    NON-COMBUSTABLE

                                 *-~   NO HEATING IS REQUIRED

                                 *~   HIGHLY COST-EFFECTIVE,
                                                    DILUTES WITH WATER

                                 •^   LONG, USEFUL PRODUCTION LIFE

                                 **•   TOOLS  COME CLEAN -
                                                 WITHOUT STICKY RESIDUE

                                 •*-   853-R HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY MUNICIPAL
                                       SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS (POTWS)

                                 •^   RESINS  FALL FROM SOLUTION  AND
                                                    HARDEN FOR EASY REMOVAL

     HOW 853-R WORKS
853-R quickly penetrates and softens resins, allowing
fast and thorough removal by mechanical agita-
tion. Unlike acetone, which will dissolve resin, hold it
in solution, and very quickly become sticky, 853-R
allows the majority of resin to settle from the
cleaning solution to form a cake at the bottom of its
container. 853-R consists of both anionic and
nonionic surfactants and a special dispersant package
to break up uncured resins, temporarily prevent the
cross linkage of resin molecules, and slow the action
 " catalysts.  Hardwater ions are controlled by
chelation while suspension and settling of resins are
modified by a proprietary organic dispersant for long
working life.
     For More     .  nr\r\ CCA x/^/-^
  Information Ca\\: 1-800-554-4666
Laminotor working at a three stage cleaning station with
853-R wash, water rinse, and dry dip.
-------
                                                     853-R
                                                RESIN  CLEANER
USING  853-R IN  A  CLEANING SYSTEM...
Roller & Brush
Cleaning
               853-R
                RESIN
               CLEANER
              (10% Solution)
Gun Flushing
Disposal
 TEMPLEX  products are
 available through your
 local TEMPLEX salesman
 or distributor. Or write or
 call:
 TEMPLEX
 4401 S.E. Johnson Creek Blvd.
 Portland, OR 97222

      7-800-554-4666
Mix one part 853-R with ten parts water at ambient shop tempera-
ture. Metal and plastic rollers are best cleaned using 853-R in
	^    conjunction with fixed brushes submerged beneath
            the Templex solution. Several strokes of the roller
            head and handle within the solution is usually
            enough to remove all resin. Depending on the type
            of resin and its gel state, further agitation may be
            necessary.
            Once cleaned, the tool
            should be dipped in
            a clean water
                          FRESH
                          WATER
                          RINSE
           rinse to wash
        off any remaining
                                                        Hang Tools
                                                           on
                                                        Drying Rack
     emulsifier.
After rinsing, shake off any
clinging water. Blow the
tool dry with compressed
             air, then hang the tool on a drying
             rack, autoclave, or dip the tool in a water absorbing
             solvent.
Blow Dry
Using an
Air Line or
an Air
Manifold
             Templex 853-R has been independently tested by
             Venus-Gusmer, a leading manufacturer of resin
          application systems, and has been found acceptable for
         flushing Venus spray equipment. Flush guns with a five to
       one 853-R solution, introducing air into the lines while
  flushing if possible. Rinse with water if gun is to be out of use for
more than eight hours. Prior to spraying resin and chop on a part, purg
the gun's tip of any remaining water with a short burst off-part.

Since working dulutions of 553-R are not considered dangerous
waste, resin remains uncontaminated and after settling from solu-
tion, hardening and air drying, may be disposed of according to
local landfill regulations. Resins that settle in the 853-R solution
but remain pasty can be mixed with catylized resin and hardened.

  Discarded liquids can be disposed of by several means. If sanitary
  sewer systems are accessible, authorities should be contacted for
  approval. Generally the waste is gravity filtered through paper or
  cloth media to remove suspended solids before being poured into
  a drain.
  Another disposal method is through the use of commercial
  evaporators, which can dispose of 50 to 1000 gallons per day
  cost effectively. Contact air quality regulators for permitting.
-------
                               Ti-750
                      High  Purity  - No-odor  Solvent

Ti-750 is  a high purity  solvent used in many manufacturing  operations  because  of
its  low skin  irritation,  clean color, no  odor  and  relatively  fast evaporation rate.  High
 tolerance  manufacturing has made in  possible   to eliminate most  all sulphurs, acids,
                  chlorides  and carbonyls  from the  formulation.

                              PRODUCT BENEFITS

•LOW  ODOR-Ti-750 is almost odorless, making it ideal  for close working conditions
               •
.HIGH  SOLVENCY - KB value 27.

•HlfiBLJELAStt-Ti-750  docs not flash until over 144°F., therefore, Ti-750 is
  classified  as  a non-listed RCRA  waste.

•LOW  SKIN IRRITATION-TI-7SQ   is so pure that  many irritations associated with
  solvents  will not occur.

•POWERFUL -TJ.7SO  is  strong enough to penetrate  such deposits as tar,  asphalt,
  open gear compounds,  and  many  other  surface coatings  and  adhesives.

•SAFER THAN  MOST  SOLVENTS- Ti-750  can be used  in certain areas of direct food
  contact under FDA  CFR172.882  and  172.884 and certain indirect food applications
  under FDA CFR178.3530  and 178.3650.

•ELECTRTC   MOTOR  CLEANED - Ti-750 may be  used on non-operating electrical
  equipment  and  is safer  than chlorinated solvents.   Always blow  dry equipment
  after cleaning  with compressed air.

Ti-750  is  ideal  for  the following  uses:   Electric  motor cleaning,  parts  tanks,
cold soak tanks,  removing grease  and  oil on  production  floors  in food  plants,
cleaning  oil  field and  pollution  cleanup equipment, printing  equipment,  paint
equipment,  construction  and  marine  equipment,  oil  and grease  spills,  removing
many waxes  and adhesives.
                             TYPICAL PROPERTIES
   Flash                 144<>F.
   Auto  ignition         640°F.
   Gravity, °API         52.9
   TLV (not established)
   (recommend  300 ppm)
Freeze
Odor
Odor  stability
-76°F.
None
Excellent
Vapor pressure, psia  @  100°F  0.1
Vapor test  method
                                                 fcfa
                                                   S'»1
ASTM D 2879

-------
                '
              Production  Washing  Compound
Micro-C is  designed to completely clean most all metal surfaces and
          leave  them free  of most oils, dirts, processing fluids,
          stamping compounds and  other soils  commonly found in  a
          manufacturing   environment.

Micro-C is  safe on most  metals, will  not pit or darken  even
          nonferrous metals.

Micro-C is  highly  concentrated and maybe diluted many times  over
          to  give maximum cost  reduction.

Micro-C is  very versatile:  in  many cases it will replace dangerous
          petroleum solvents in production  cleaning  systems.

Micro-C uses many natural  and biodegradable raw materials, and  is
          many  times less costly  to dispose of when  compared to
          chlorinated or  petroleum solvents.

Micro-C may be used in spray,  dip, soak and other systems where
          heavy  soils need to be removed.

When used in the following operations, Micro-C has found great  success:
production parts  line cleaning,  heavy  equipment  wash  and degreasing,
industrial  floor cleaning, H.D. aircraft cleaning,  auto dealers, bilge cleaning,
hot water pressure washers (use  solvent-resistent  hose) and, most  other
operations where fast, effective cleaning  is  needed.     t
                                                           ;. I
                       Physical   Properties

                              pH:  8.4
                            Color: Light yellow
               Weight  per gallon:  8.34
                      Mixable  in: Water
                   Dilution Range: 2:1  - 25:1
                      Flash Point:  130 degrees Fahrenheit
                  Metals Safe On: Ferrous  and nonferrous
                            Odor:  Citrus
-------
                            A Division of
                   ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS,  INC.
                    4401 S.E. Johnson Creek Blvd.
MATERIAL SAFETY        Portland, Oregon  97222
  DATA SHEET            '   (503) 659-1708
PRODUCT NAME: TI-750 High Purity Solvent         EFFECTIVE DATE:  08-OS-90
PRODUCT CODE:  750


                 SECTION I - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION


PRODUCT CLASS: SOLVENT BASED CLEANER
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: Combustible liquid


                 SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS


   INGREDIENT              CAS tt	           TLV	      PERCENT

 Isoparaffinic Solvent  64742-48-9          none estab.            99


                    SECTION III - PHYSICAL DATA


pH: Not applicable.
BOILING POINT: 365  °F
VAPOR PRESSURE (mm  Hg): 1O
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: O.77
VAPOR DENSITY (air  = 1): 5
PERCENT VOLATILES:  99
EVAPORATION RATE (n-BuAc = 1): 0.1
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Not soluble in water.
APPEARANCE AND ODOR: Colorless solvent, negligible odor.


             SECTION IV - FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA


FLASH POINT (Setaflash Closed Tester): 14O  °F
LOWER EXPLOSION LIMIT: Not determined.
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Dry chemical, chemical foam, or carbon dioxide.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide.
SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES: Use self-contained breathing apparatus
   with full facepiece.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Vapors may form an explosive mixture
   with air.


                 SECTION V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA


This product does not contain any substance(s) listed as a carcinogen by
NTP, IARC, or OSHA.
-------
750               MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET            PAGE  £
    TEMPLEX (a division of)
    ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS INC., PORTLAND, OREGON  97E22        Ph 503-659-1703


    PRODUCT NAME: TI-750 High Purity Solvent         EFFECTIVE DATE: 08-08-90


                   SECTION V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA  (conti.)
    PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL:  None established

    PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY:  Ingestion and/or inhalation.

    EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE  (Acute/Short Term); FOR PRODUCT
       EYES: Causes slight irritation.
       SKIN: No particular discomfort expected.
       BREATHING: Inhalation  of excessive amounts may cause  impaired
          coordination and dizziness.
       SWALLOWING: Ingestion  may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
    FIRST AID
       IF IN EYES: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at  least :
          minutes.  If irritation continues, see a physician.
       IF ON SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected skin area
          with soap and water.
       IF SWALLOWED: Do not  induce vomiting.  Call a physican  immediately.
          Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
       NOTE TO PHYSICIAN:  Ingestion of this product or subsequent
          vomiting can result in aspiration of light hydrocarbon
          liquid which can cause pneumonitis.
       IF BREATHED: Remove person to fresh air.  If not breathing, give
          artifical respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth.  If breathing is
          difficult, give oxygen.  Call a physician.


                        SECTION VI - REACTIVITY DATA


    HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: None or won't occur.
    STABILITY: Stable
    INCOMPATABILITY: Acids,  strong oxidizing agents.


                   SECTION VII - SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES


    STEPS TO BE TAKEN  IN CASE MATERIAL IS SPILLED OR RELEASED;
       SMALL SPILLS: Contain spilled material  immediately.   Prevent  spill f»
          entering the sewer system.

       LARGE SPILLS: Contain spilled material  immediately.   Prevent  spill fi
          entering the sewer  system.  Use an  inert material  (sawdust/kitty
          litter/sand/etc.)  to absorb spilled  material.

    WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD;
       Product must be disposed of properly under federal/state ronni^*.~«s
    	ft-. *- i y.fli
-------
750               MATERIAL  SAFETY DATA SHEET             PAGE   3
   TEMPLEX  
-------
              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET            PAGE 4
TEMPLEX (a division of)
ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS INC., PORTLAND, OREGON  97333        Ph S03-659-1708


PRODUCT NAME:  TI-750 HIGH PURITY SOLVENT            EFFECTIVE DATE: 08-08-90
                   SECTION X - REGULATORY CONCERNS
  A. EPA  SARA TITLE III   SECTION 313
     1^71  This product does not contain chemicals listed in
     l«  40 CFR 372.65

     II  This product contains a 40 CFR 372.65 reportable
     '—'  chemical substance or substances under SARA Title
          III.  See Section II - Hazardous Ingredients.

  B. TSCA
          Ingredients for this product have been certified for
          inclusion or are included on the TSCA inventory of
          Chemical Substances.

  C. USDA  -

     I   I  Registered               f^l  Not Registered


  D. f^P"|  This product does not contain materials,  to the best
          of our knowledge, that are subject to the reporting
          requirements under the current Proposition 65
          regulations.
      D
This material contains 	
subject to the "current reporting requirements of
Proposition 65.
-------
MATERIAL SAFETY
  DATA SHEET
          A Division of
ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS,  INC.
       S.E.  Johnson Creek Blvd.
     Portland,  Oregon 97222
         <503)  659-1708
PRODUCT NAME: MICRO-C
PRODUCT CODE:  3168
                               EFFECTIVE DATE:  06-28-90
                 SECTION I - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT CLASS: WATERSASE CLEANING COMPOUND
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: Not a DOT Hazard
                 SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
   INGREDIENT
 d-Limonene
         CAS
     TLV
      5989-S7-5
none estab.
PERCENT
  1C
                    SECTION III - PHYSICAL DATA
pHs 8.4
BOILING POINT: 212 *F
VAPOR PRESSURE 
-------
3163              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET            PAGE   2
    TEMPLEX (a division of)
    ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS INC., PORTLAND, OREGON  97SE2         Ph  503-659-1708


    PRODUCT NAME: MICRO-C                            EFFECTIVE DATE:  06-58-90


                   SECTION V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA


    This product does not contain any substance(s) listed  as  a carcinogen by
    NTP, IARC, or OSHA.

    PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL: None established for product.  (Current
        industrial- experience suggests 10 mg/m"3 ss a nuisance mist.)

    PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY: Ingestion and/or inhalation.

    EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE  (Acute/Short Term); FDR PRODUCT
        EYES: Causes severe irritation.
        SKIN? Causes slight irritation.
        BREATHING! Causes slight irritation to nose and throat.
        SWALLOWING: Ingestion of this material might be harmful or  fatal,
    FIRST AID
        ,IF IN EYES: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least Ij
          minutes.  If irritation continues, see a physician.
        IF ON SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected  skin area
          with soap and water.
        IF SWALLOWED: Do not  induce vomiting.  Call a physican immediately.
          Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an
          unconscious person.
        IF BREATHED: Remove person to fresh air.  If not breathing, give
          artifical respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth.   If  breathing is
          difficult, give oxygen.  Call a physician.

    EFFECTS OF OVEREXFDSURE  (Chronic/Long Term); FOR PRODUCT  OR  COMPONENTS
        Prolonged or repeated breathing of sprays, mists, or dusts  in  excess
        of the suggested TLV  may cause nasal and respiratory irritations.


                        SECTION VI - REACTIVITY DATA


    HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: None or won't occur.
    STABILITY: Stable
    INCOMPATABILITY: Strong  oxidizing agents.


                   SECTION VII - SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES


    STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS SPILLED OR RFLFASFft•
        SMALL SPILLS: Flush small quantities to sewer.

        LARGE SPILLS: Contain spilled material immediately. Prevent spill fi"C|
          entering the sewer system.  Use an inert material  (sawdust/kitty
          1itter/sand/etc.)  to absorb spilled material.
-------
3168              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET             PAGE   3
   TEMPLEX  
-------
              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET       :  .^  PAGE 4    :

ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS INC., PORTLAND,-' OREGON  97222 ;       Ph 5O3-659-1708
PRODUCT NAME:MICRQ-C      •      : V J? V; ^         EFFECTIVE DATE: 06-28-90

                   SECTION X -:REGULATORY CONCERNS
  A. EPA  SARA TITLE III   .SECTION 313
          This product does not contain chemicals listed in
          40 CFR 372.65.

     I1  This product contains a 40 CFR 372.65 reportable
  ...  '—'  chemical substance or substances under SARA Title
          III.  See Section II -.-- Hazardous Ingredients .

  B. TSCA

          Ingredients for this product have been certified for
          inclusion or are included on the TSCA inventory of
          Chemical Substances.

  C. USDA  .

     I  I  Registered               F>7|  Not Registered
  r*.  ^»^«^"

  D. p^|  This product does not contain materials, to the best
          of our knowledge, that are subject to the reporting
          requirements under the current Proposition 65
          regulations.
     D
This material contains
subject to the "current reporting requirements of
Proposition 65.
-------
                            .A Division of
                   ASSOCIATED  CHEMISTS,  INC.
                    4401 S.E. Johnson Creek Blvd.
 MATERIAL  SAFETY        Portland, Oregon  9752S
   DATA SHEET                (503) 659-1708
 PRODUCT  NAME:  853-R  Resin Cleaner                EFFECTIVE DATE: 03-26-90
 PRODUCT  CODE:   3041


                  SECTION I  - PRODUCT  IDENTIFICATION


 PRODUCT  CLASS:  WATERBASE CLEANING COMPOUND
 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION:  Not  a DOT Hazard


                  SECTION II - HAZARDOUS  INGREDIENTS


    INGREDIENT               CAS ft                 TLV	PERCENT

* 2-Butoxyethanol         111-76-S             25 ppm (skin)         1O
  Sodium  silicate         6834-92-0              10 mg/m"3            2
*See Section X SARA Title III  Substance  	

                     SECTION III - PHYSICAL DATA


 pH:  11.9
 BOILING  POINT:  212 °F
 VAPOR PRESSURE (mm Hg): Not determined.
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.O41
 VAPOR DENSITY  (sir =1): Not determined.
 PERCENT  VOLATILES: Not  applicable.
 EVAPORATION RATE  (n-BuAc =  1): 0.3
 SOLUBILITY  IN  WATER: Completely soluble.
 APPEARANCE  AND ODOR: Blue liquid, glycol odor.


             SECTION IV - FIRE AMD EXPLOSION DATA


 FLASH POINT (Pensky-Martens Closed Cup): >212  °F
 LOWER EXPLOSION LIMIT:  Not  determined.
 EXTINGUISHING  MEDIA: Water  spray, dry chemical, chemical  foam, or carbon
    dioxide.
 HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Carbon monoxide  and/or  carbon  dioxide.
 SPECIAL  FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES: Use  self-contained breathing apparatus
    with  full facepiece.
 UNUSUAL  FIRE AND  EXPLOSION  HAZARDS: Never use  welding  or  cutting torch
    on or near  drum,  even empty, because  product or residue can  ignite
    explosively.
-------
30-'4l              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET            PAGE  2
    TEMPLEX (a division of)
    ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS INC.,' PORTLAND, OREGON  97SS2        Ph 503-659-1708


    PRODUCT NAME: 853-R Resin-Cleaner                EFFECTIVE DATE: 03-26-90


                   SECTION V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA


    This product does not contain any substance(s) listed as a carcinogen by
    NTP, IARC, or OSHA.

    PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL: None established

    PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY: Ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption.

    EFFECTS OF OVER-EXPOSURE  (Acute/Short Term); FOR PRODUCT
       EYES: Causes severe irritation.
       SKIN: Causes severe irritation and is absorbed through skin.
       BREATHING: Inhalation of vapors or mists could cause pulmonary
          irritation, dizziness, and nausea.
       SWALLOWING: Ingestion of this material causes burns to the esophagus
            and could be fatal.
    FIRST AID
       IF IN EYES: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at  least
          minutes.  Call a physician.
       IF ON SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected skin area
          with soap and water.
       IF SWALLOWED: Do not  induce vomiting.  Call a physican immediately.
          Give lemon juice or vinegar in water.  Never give anything by mouth
          to an unconscious person.
       IF BREATHED: Remove person to fresh air.  If not breathing, give
          artifical respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth.  If breathing is
          difficult, give oxygen.  Call a physician.

    EFFECTS OF DVEREXPOSURE  (Chronic/Long Term); FOR PRODUCT OR COMPONENTS
       Prolonged or repeated breathing of sprays, mists, or dusts in excess
       of the suggested TLV may cause nasal and respiratory irritations.

       This product contains 2-butoxyethanol as indicated in Section II.
       Supplemental information on this material is given below for chronic
       effects observed with experimental animals and humans.
       Exposure of rats by inhalation to 2-butoxyethanol caused hemolysis,
       hemoglobinuria (blood in the urine), and a slight increase in liver
       weight.  Other species, including man, were less sensitive or more
       resistant to hemolysis.  The hemolytic effect in rats was transitory
       and/or reversible and not considered to be relevant to human health.
       Inhalation exposure of pregnant rabbits caused some lethality to  the
       dam and fetus at EOO ppm, but there were no effects st 1OO ppm  and
       below.  Inhalation exposure to pregnant rats caused irritancy to  the
       dams and related fetotoxicity at 200 and 100 ppm, but there were  no
       effects at 50 ppm and below.  S-Butoxyethanol did not cause birth
       defects in either study.
-------
,3041              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET            PAGE  3
    TEMPLEX 
-------
3041              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET            PAGE  4

    TEMPLEX (a division of) .
    ASSOCIATED CHEMISTS INC:,  PORTLAND, OREGON  972S2        Ph 503-659-1703



    PRODUCT NAME: 853-R Resin Cleaner                EFFECTIVE DATE: 03-26-90



       SECTION IX - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS - LABELING - OTHER COMMENTS (conti.)
    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM LABELING:


HMIS Label
Health
Flammabi 1 i ty
Reactivity
Personal Protection

2
1
0




SECTION X - REGULATORY
Relative Degree of Hazard
O - Minimal hazard
1 - Slight hazard
2 — Moderate hazard
3 - Serious hazard
f>, — Severe hazard
CONCERNS
    A. EPA  SARA TITLE III   SECTION 313

       I   I  This product does not contain chemicals listed in
       1 - '  40 CFR 372.65.


            This product contains, a 40  CFR 372.65 reportable
            chemical substance or substances  under SARA Title
            III.  See Section II - Hazardous  Ingredients.



            Ingredients for this product have been certified for
            inclusion or are included on the  TSCA inventory of
            Chemical Substances.
B. TSCA
    C. USDA


            Re9istered
                                         Not Registered
       IXl   51S Product doe«  not contain materials,  to the best
       •"•  of our  knowledge,  that  are subject  to  the reportinq
            requirements under the  current  Proposition 65
            regulations.


       |[  This material contains  	
            subject to  the current  reporting requirements of	"~
            Proposition 65.
-------
                                                 HTTHHi
                                                    HURRI-SAFE HOT IMMERSION
                                                DEGREASER is designed to overcome
                                                surface tension, lift soil, emulsify and
                                                suspend a broad range of petroleum,
                                                animal or organic oils, greases, cosmo-
                                                lene and dirt. After being emulsified, the
                                                soiling material can easily be flushed with
                                                water. The Hot Immersion Degreaser is a
                                                safe, non-flammable, non-toxic, water-
                                                soluble, biodegradable immersion
                                                degreaser without harmful fumes.
                                                    HURRI-SAFE HOT IMMERSION
                                                DEGREASER is designed for use in high
                                                power steam pressure washers, all heated
immersion tanks, dip tanks and recirculating hot washers. This degreaser is safe  to use on plastic,
rubber, fiber glass and all metals including steel, aluminum, brass and copper.

                                    APPLICATIONS
    HURRI-SAFE HOT IMMERSION DEGREASER should be diluted with water up to 1:10 depending
upon the severity of the cleaning problem and the method of application. For high power steam
pressure washers, HURRI-SAFE HOT IMMERSION DEGREASER may be diluted 1:10 to 1:30.
    Available in: 5-gallon pails and 55-gallon drums.
                                SPECIFICATIONS
     Flammability	Non-Flammable
     Solubility	100% Soluble In Water
     Biodegradability	100%
     Toxicity	No Harmful Fumes, Non-Toxic
     Specific Gravity	1.002
     Density	8 Ibs. 9 oz. per Gallon
     pH	VB 12-M
     Freeze/Thaw Stability	May Be Allowed to Freeze
                                                     Without Degradation
     ShelfLife 	Indefinite
                                                                              21-10
-------
                                      HURRI  KLEEN'CORF.
                       ..-£.----.:  _ SUBSIDIARY OF SELF INDUSTRIES, INC
6000 SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL DRIVE    ,  :::~ "~        ?  '   •••••= Vi  .  ^  ,'-.
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35235,-  . •'      jl .,  .     , A, ;. __, _ •?   _   :
TELEPHONE: 205-655-8808 • FAX: 205-655-3288- MATERIAL SAFETY DATASHEET-^.
                                             I. IDENTIFICATION,  ?  -
 PRODUCT NAME: Hurri-Sofe Hot Immersion Degreoser^ ~:JU;^.*^ ;i:;?..e^-1^ .-.";.•>V*"•--'-.-•.•'-
 CHEMICAL NAME: Alkoline Degreoser  :
                               DATE PREPARED: Jonuory 24, 1990
 DEPARTMENT OF
 TRANSPORTATION
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: Nona
SHIPPING NAME: Cleoning Compound, Class 55
                                            II. PHYSICAL DATA
BOILING POINT, (F°)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (H20«1)
VAPOR DENSITY (air- 1)
PERCENT VOLATILE
BY VOLUME (%)
pH (of concentrate)
212F
1.01
Non-Volatile
N/A
VIA
VAPOR PRESSURE at 20°
WATER SOLUBILITY
DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
WATER - 1
VOC'S (%)
Non-Volotile
Complete!/
8.450
Non-Volatile
O.OO5%
APPEARANCE AND ODOR Clear in color Non offensive odor
                                             III. INGREDIENTS
MATERIAL
2-butoxyethonol
" "Cos #11 -76-2
N/A
N/A
%
-10
N/A
N/A
N/A
OSHA PEL
25ppm
N/A
N/A
N/A
TLV (units)
120mg/3
TWA-25ppm
N/A
N/A
HAZARD
N/A 	
N/A 	
N/A
N/A 	
                                   IV. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
FLASH POINT (test method)
EXTINGUISHING

None/cc FLAMMABLE LIMITS None L
N/A
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS
OWER Non. UPPER Non.

N/A
N/A
                                         V. HEALTH HAZARD DATA
TLV AND SOURCE
ACUTE EFFECTS OF
OVEREXPOSURE
SKIN CONTACT
INHALATION
EYE CONTACT
CHRONIC EFFECTS
OF OVEREXPOSURE
OTHER HEALTH
HAZARDS
Not established
LD50 (for technical 2-butoxyethonol) for skin absorption on rabbits is 200 mg/kg:
(inhalation) for rots is 700 ppm in 7 hours
Oral LD for rats U 470 mg/kg. LC50
May cause dryness and irritation
None
Flush eyes with water for 15 minutes, lifting the lower and upper lids.
Obtain attention if irritation persists.

This is relatively innocuous substance not expected to cause harm. " ~ 	
Should treatment ever be required, H would be directed at control of symptons.
Ingestion may cause nausea and/or diarrhea.
-------
-   ^EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES  :.
1 -           ''.irAS^'TWT-'.":         .''

SWALLOWING
SKIN
INHALATION
EYE
NOTES TO
PHYSICIAN
If swallowed drink warm water to dilute stomach contents, induce vomiting. ' > -. .
Flush thoroughly with soap and water. Dry and apply skin lotion.
None - 1 , . •
Flush eyes wilh water for 15 minutes, lifting the lower and upper lids
Obtain attention if irritation persists.
• -:-• --, - -••-,:>-•.- ,. -•;%-:
•'. <•
':' ',

This is relatively innocuous substance not expected to cause harm. Should treatment ever be required, H would be directed at centre
of symptons.
            VI. REACTIVITY DATA
STABILITY
STABLE: Yes
UNSTABLE: Nc
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: None
INCOMPATIBILITY: Avoid oxidizing materials
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS None
HAZARDOUS
POLYMERIZATION
MAY OCCUR
No
WILL NOT OCCUR
Yes
CONDITIONS TO AVOID:
None
        VII. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
STEPS TO BE TAKEN IF
MATERIAL IS SPILLED
WASTE DISPOSAL
METHOD
Small Spills: Flush with water.
Large Spills: Absord with sawdust, send or earth.
May be disposed of in sewer system. Consult local stale, county or Federal regulations for applicable laws per-
taining to your areas.
    VIII. SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (type)
VENTILATION
PROTECTIVE GLOVES
EYE PROTECTION
OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
None
If desired. Local exhaust if sufficient.
Use if long exposure is expected
If splashing is expected use goggles
Weor plastic apron if excessive splashing is expected. If clothing becomes soaked, remove,
shower, end wash clothing.
          IX. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN
HANDLING AND STORING
OTHER PRECAUTIONS
Store in cool dry area. Prevent freeziing, if frozen allow to thaw, stir well and re-use.
NONE
*
-------
:£^e^T&^^.*t£&?
                                                                                     .*
                                                              : * r r  >'
                                                        Special  7
-------
--- Material Safety Data Sheet~rrr^-a—r;xx^~~; U.S: Department of   	
 . May be used .to. compry^with.ivf;^^ ^ji^ii^ii-^rf^X ^. £\. Occupational Safety and Health^Adminif tration _'."„
  OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard.'	^^— —  ~- (Non-Mandatory Form)   	•••?.•<	
_ 29 CFR l9iO.i200.Standard.musi.be                         ""        '   "
consorted for specific requirements. "" • • -
IDENTITY (As Used on Ltixt vxl List) 	 	 	 	 ' 	
HURRT-5AFE SPECIAL FORMULA DFORFASE!
Section 1
Manufacturer's Name 	 	 	 	
HURRI-KLEEN CORPORATION
Address (Numb*. Street C/fy. Stan, anrf ZIP Code) 	 ~
6000 SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL DRIVE
BIRMINGHAM,- ALABAMA - 35235
Section II — Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information
Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity; Common Name(s))
— rorm /^pu'wvcu— — — — ~— — — — -
" 6MB~NO."1218"-0072~; '
fVbre; Bivik spaces •/• not pernvrrecl
intomtoon is tWlat*. it* spie

Emergency Telephone Number
(205) 655-8808
Telephone Number (or Information '
f20S) 655-8808
Date Prepared
REVISED: 2-8-89.
Signature of Preparer (optional)
N/A

OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV
- ~ 	 -".-f.-—
1 tny '«vn is not appfciD*. or no
» must tt mv*td to ndciit titi
- - • .': - - --•-.'...
*•. " ~ ~ ' 	 ! ." - -
.
-


Oiher Umns :
Recommended H (optiontl)
    2 - BUTOXYETHANOL  (Technical 99%).	25PPMC I20MG/M3     SAME
NONE  8.78£byvt.
   The information above concerning hazardous ingredients is expressed as required by,
   GFR 29, Part 1910;  1000/ and applies to the CONCENTRATED ingredient as it  is used in

   the production of the product you have purchased.   For safety  information  on how vou
   should handle this product, see Section VIII.  At  end use dilution ratio, this  product

   is  comprised of 1.756% of 2-butoxvethanol.	,
   N/A
   N/A
 - N/A
   N/A
   N/A
   N/A
 Section III — Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.)
Vapor Density (AIR • 1)
NON-VOLATILE
NON-VOLATILE
2I2°F


Specific Gravity (H]O - 1)
Melting Point
NOT APPLICABLE
Evaporation Rate
(Butyl Acetate - 1) NON-VOLATILE
1.01


 SoluDility in Water
                 100Z
 Appearance and Odor
                 LIGHT  GREEN COLOR  WITH NON-OBJECTIONABLE ODOR
 Section IV — Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

NON-APPLICABLE

NONE
LEL
UEL
                     NON-APPLICABLE
 Special Fire Fighting Procedures
                     NON-APPLICABLE
   N/A
_.iusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
                     NON-APPLICABLE
  N/A
(Reproduce locally)
                                          (M)  21-1 rev.  2/89
                                                                                   OSHA 174, Sept. 1965
-------
:- Section V — Reactivity Data
         HURRI-SAFE SPECIAL FOEMUIA  fHSSFl'
Stability
Unstable
Stable

XX
Conditions to Avoid

*:•*.•• ,-»£•• TS1""- C<

. :."— «i c.-i. — L. — — .— .— : — _-rrr." — "-r.~-.-~~ '-'•':I- -.''•'-— .*5:.~r -*_' . '.
 Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
_ - • —
Hazardous
Poiymenzation
May Occur
Will Not Occur
N

xx
PW-APPT TTAKT F — ~ 	 ~ ..-..-.. 	 .
Conditions to Avoid __ . ., . :
-- NONE 	 ...... .;-.:
...
 Section VI — Health-Hazard Data
                                 NO
                                                  Skin?
                           YES
                                              Ingesiion?
        YES
 Health Hazards (Acute »nd Chmnie)                                             '            .  .
   FOR CONCENTRATED 2-butoxvethanol only; Oral Rats; LD-50» 480maAa;  Inhalation Rats; LC-50

   700 ppm  in 7 hours/  Skin Rabbits; LD-50;  220mgAgi   NO BLOOD  EFFECTS OBSERVED AFTER 8

   HOURS AT 200 ppm IN  HUMANS, May cause hermolytic anemia.  NOT A REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANT.
 Ctrcinogenicity:            NTP?              "*
                   IARC Monographs?*
                                                                  NONE
OSHA Regulated?
                                                            NONE
   N/A
 Signs ana Symptoms of Exposure
                         EYES;   Watering  &  Burning	 SKIN;   Dryness	 INGESTION;  May
    cause diarrhea 	
 Medical Conditions
 Generally Aggravated by Exposure
SAME AS  "STCN$ ANP SYMPTOMS" AROVF
 Emergency and First Aid Procedures
                           EYES:   Flush with  water and seek medical  attention.   SKIN:   Wash"
   with water  and soap.   Dry and  apply lanolin lotion.  INCESTION;   Induce vomiting.

 Section VII — Precautions for Safe Handling and Use	
 Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled
                                         FLUSH  WITH WATER.  ABSORB WITH  SAWDUST.  SAND OR
  VERMICULITE.
   N/A
 Waste Disposal Method
                  FLUSH BULK LIQUID  AFTER REMOVAL OF  SOLID WASTE.   HANDLE SOLID  WASTE PER
  DISPOSITION IN ACCORDANCE WITH POLTTTrAT. SURnTVTSTON
 Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing
                                   STORE IN COOL  DRY AREA.
   N/A
 Other Precautions
               PREVENT FREEZING.  ALLOW TO LIQUIFY IF  FROZEN; AND THEN USE.
   N/A
Section VIII — Control Measures
Hespiratory Protection (Specify Typt)
KOT PFnttTBFn FOB THTC PRr
Ventilation
Local Exhaust
PREFERABLE BUT NOT REQUIRED
MeChtmCaJ «*""> ACCEPTABLE
TMVT
Special
Other

NONE
NONE
           USE  ONLY WITH LONG  EXPOSURE
                     Eye Protection
                       GOGGLES  IF HEAVY SPLASHING IS EXPECTED
Other Protective Clothing or Equipment
                            GENERAL PRACTICE
Work/Hvgienic Practices
                            SHOWER WITH WATER AND USE AN EYE BATH
                                                                                  VtO'O
-------
                                                   HURRI-SAFE HEAVY-DUTY INDUSTRIAL
                                                 DEGREASER overcomes surface tension,
                                                 lifts soil while both emulsifying and sus-
                                                 pending a vast range of petroleum, animal
                                                 and organic oils, greases, cosmolene and
                                                 dirt. Once emulsified, the soiled material can
                                                 be easily flushed with water. HURRI-SAFE
                                                 HEAVY-DUTY INDUSTRIAL DEGREASER is
                                                 non-flammable, non-toxic and biodegradable.
It can be safely used on plastics, rubber and all metals including steel, aluminum, brass, copper, etc.

  HURRI-SAFE HEAVY-DUTY INDUSTRIAL DEGREASER is designed for non-heated or heated; non-
 agitated or agitated; industrial spray wash systems, recirculating spray washers, immersion tanks,
 decontamination systems and various industrial plant uses for cleaning all surfaces of grease, oil, dirt
 and grime.
  Available in: six 1-gallon jugs; 5-gallon plastic pails and 55-gallon drums.
                                  SPECIFICATIONS

     Flammability	Non-Flammable
     Solubility	100% Soluble In Water
     Biodegradability	100°/o
     Toxicity	No Harmful Fumes, Non-Toxic
     Specific Gravity	1.002
     Density	8 Ibs. 9 oz. per Gallon
     pH	«• JP.4
     Freeze/Thaw Stability	May Be Allowed to Freeze
                                                       Without Degradation
     Shelf Life	Indefinite
                                                                               21-3
-------
 JvlaterialJBafety Data Sheet-— -
  May Be"used"tercomply With t _ 1 \\ _ ',. '_ .
 ^OSHA's .Hazard Communication. Standard.--^,
 ,29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be
 '.consulted for specific requirements.	
 U.ST Department of Labor ':  **
 OccuiMt/onii Safety and Health" Administration"
:• (Non-Mandatory Form)-—,;_».. „.. .",.-."lJ.l-l_"J -
 Form Approved""?^/'-^:-vr"'"   -  V's^"'^'
TK*» ** •— ' •—.—»—— -- — fc— — .— __ .«•*••. — — «.
IDENTITY {As I/serf on LJ^/ «fltf tor;
HURRI-SAFE HEAVY DUTY INDUSTRIAL DEGREA'SE

* Section 1 -~.- _ 	 ..... 	 	
Manufacturer's Name .
HURRI-KLEEN CORPORATION
Aooress (Numoef. Sttet. City. 57am, «ntf 2/P Cooe>
6000 SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL DRIVE
• UMB NO; H1B-UU/* 	 — 	 r-
Atom: S/a/i* toaces an nor permmd. a any mm 
-------

Section V — Reactivity Data
liaoiiity
* . -^ '-«-
Unstaoie
SU»»

XX
DENTTTY (As Uifd
HUPST-SAFP

on Laoef antf Lar;
""INDUSTRIAL
- T.^'. •
(HEAVY
(HD)DE(

DUTY) "
JREASER
•'- - VS;- --r" '.a. "•„.;. fv

•x ic.>*> zjK>v.,e. .:cc- '4c- fc.'.~ ;-; .

.. , .- .... ... .. ^
 Incompatibility (Miteritls to Avoid)
                             STRONG  ACIDS"
Hazardous Oecom

Hazardous
Polymerization

Section VI —
position or Byproduc

May Occur
Will Not Occur
Health -Hazard
it*
. ™3

KX
Data

pN-iPOTTriKTF -
Conditions to Avoid
NONE 	 	 ' -.-• -.••'- ~ -
... _ . .... ...... 	 	 .

 Routes) ol Entry:         v Innalalion?
            EYES(YES)	NO
                                                 Slun?
                                                        YES
                                               ingest en?
                                                       YES
 Health Hazards (Acuia anrf Chronic)
 _FOR CONCENTRATED 2-butoxvethanol only;  Ural Rats;  LD-50. 480mQ/ka;   Inhalation Rats;  I£-50

  700 ppm in 7 hours,  Skin Rabbits; LD-50;  220mgAg:  NO BLOOD EFFECTS OBSERVED AFTER 8

  HOURS AT 200 ppm IN  HUMftNS, May cause herroolytic anemia.   NOT A REPRODUCTIVE  TOXICANT.
 Caronogenicity:
                      NTP?
                           NONE
                                                 lAflC Monographs?*
                                                                 NONE
                                              OSHA Regulated?
                                                                                          NONE
  N/A
 Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
                        EYES;   Watering & Burning	 SKIN;  Dryness—-  INGESTION;   May
   cause  diarrhea 	
 MMical Conditions
 Generally Aggravated by Exposure
SAME AS
                                              AND  SYMPTOM^"
[  \g/\

'Emergency
        and First Aid Procedures
                          EYES;   Flush with water  and seek medical  attention.  SKIN;   Wash
  with water  and soap. '  Dry and aoolv  lanolin  lotion.   INGESTION;   Induce  vomitine.
'Section VII — Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Steps to Be Taken in Case Material Is Released or Spilled
                                        FLUSH WITH WATER.  ABSORB WITH SAVDL'ST. SAND  OR
 VERMICULITE.
  N/A
Wtsie Disposal Method
                 FLUSH BULK LIQUID AFTER REMOVAL OF SOLID WASTE.  HANDLE SOLID WASTE PER
.DISPOSITION IN  ACCORDANCE WITH  POLTTTCAL  SUBPTVTSTQM
                                                                 ATTfw;
Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing
                                  STORE IN  COOL DRY AREA.
 JT/A
aner Precautions
              PREVENT FREEZING.  ALLOW TO LIQUIFY  IF FROZEN.  AND THEN USE.
  N/A
Section VIII — Control Measures
»es»raiory Protection fSpeory
vnr pcnuTspn rn» THT« Par
'enuiation
|_QC3J £xh8USt
PREFERABLE BUT NOT REQUIRED
-------
       Facet
FLUID TECHNOLOGY GROUP
Indurtfel Division
P.O. Bon 50096
TulM Oklihomi 74150-0096 USA.
(910) 634-2929 TELEX 49-2495
 January 23,1986
 Mr. Albert R. Nolan
 Drew Ameroid Marine Division
 One Drew Plaza
 Boonton, NJ 07005

 Reference: Approval of Ameroid "OWS Quick Separating Degreaser"

 Dear Mr. Nolan:

 Facet has tested the Ameroid "OWS Quick Separating Degreaser" with a scaled down
 model of our oily-water separator. The results of our testing were:
 Test $1)   Influent -  water + 5% oil, no cleaner, mixed then allowed to stand 24
                      hours.  Effluent oil content = 35 ppm

 Test #2)   Influent -  water + 5% oil + 0.17% Ameroid OWS, mixed then allowed to
                      stand 24 hours. Effluent oil content = 8 ppm

 Test #3)   Influent -  same as Test ill but allowed to stand only 5 hours.  Effluent oil
                      content = 225 ppm
                                               t
 Test #4)   Influent -  same as Test H2 but allowed to stand only 5 hours.  Effluent oil
                      content = 50 ppm

 Our testing shows that when used as recommended, the Ameroid OWS Degreaser has no
 harmful effects and actually improves the performance of the single-stage Facet Oily-
 Water Separator.
Very truly yours,
Ron A. McDowell
Chemist
RAM:ase
-------
  Drew
Ameroid
 Marine
                  AW1EROID'  OWS
                  quick separating degreaser
                  Description
                  AMEROID® OWS quick separating degreaser is a
                  superior solvent emulsifying detergent for general
                  engine room degreasing and for cleaning and gas
                  freeing of bilges. Its unique blend of surfactants,
                  wetting agents, and solvents results in a product
                  which has exceptional cleaning properties, breaks
                  quickly, and does not harm the operation of oily
                  water separators required under the MARPOL
                  regulations.
                  Features
                  • Does not harm functioning of oily water
                    separators

                  • Quick breaking
                  • Solvent emulsifying cleaner


                  • Concentrated

                  • Readily disperses in water

                  • Does not interfere with bilge alarm sensitivity
AMEROID® OWS quick separating degreaser has
been thoroughly field tested and is approved by
the following separating and bilge alarm
manufacturers:
Biospherics Incorporated
Butterworth Systems (UK) Ltd.
Hamworthy Engineering Ltd.
Hodge Separators Limited
Italgestra S.P.A.
National Fluid Separators, Inc.
Nelson Division, Nelson Industries
Quantek, Inc. (Facet Enterprises)
SEREP
Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc.
Sigma Treatment Systems
World Water Systems, Inc.
  Benefits
  •  Reduces the potential of oil discharge

  •  Does not contribute to unit operating problems

  •  Allows oil to separate from water

  •  Reduces slop disposal costs

  •  Reduces cleaning time

  •  Minimizes manual cleaning

  •  Low application costs

  •  Easy to apply

  •  Will not add to the number of false alarms
-------
Application
Bilge Cleaning
To clean oil from the bilges by the rock and roll
method, add AMEROID* OWS at one or more
locations in the bilge at the approximate dosage
level indicated in the table. Add seawater to fill
approximately !/3 of the bilge capacity and allow
the natural rock and roll motion of the vessel to
provide agitation for a minimum of 24 hours. At
the end of 24 hours, pump the bilge in accordance
with normal procedures, inspect, and if required,
repeat the procedure or spot clean.
Precautionary statements
General Degreasing
For general purpose cleaning and degreasing, use
AMEROID* OWS neat or diluted with fresh or
seawater depending on cleaning required. If spent
cleaning solutions are to go through an oily water
separator, ensure that the concentration does not
exceed recommended levels by separator
manufacturers and if possible, allow time for
settling and separation to occur.
               BILGE CAPACITY
        AMEROID* OWS DOSAGE

Cu.Ft.
2000
2400
3000
3600
.. 4200
'• 4800
5400
' 6000
6600
7200
7800
8400
Approx. U.S.
Gallons
14,960
17,900
22,400
26,900
31,400
35,000
40,400
44,880
49,368
53,856
58,340
62,832
Approx.
Tons
56
68
85
102
119
136
153
170
187
204
221
238
Liters
56,000
68,000
85,000
102,000
119,000
136,000
153,000
170,000
187,000
204,000
221,000
238,000
U.S. Gal.
7
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Liters
26
30
38
45
53
60
68
75
83
90
98
106
 Typical Physical Properties
 Appearance:          Clear, light amber
 Specific Gravity:      0.89 - 0.91
 Flash Point (PMCC):  60°C (140°F)

 important information:
 Drew maintains Material Safety Data Sheets
 (MSDSs) on all of its products. These sheets
 contain pertinent information that you may need
 to protect your employees and customers against
.any known health or safety hazards associated
 with our products.
 We recommend that you obtain our material safety
 data sheet which should be read and understood
 by all supervisory personnel and employees before
 using this product in your facilities.
 Packaging
 AMEROID* OWS is normally available in 25 liter
 pails and 120 liter drums.
   All statements, information and data presented herein are believed to be accurate and reliable but are not to be taken as a
   guarantee, express warranty or implied warranty of merchantability or fitness fora particular purpose, or representation.
   express or implied, for which seller assumes legal responsibility, and they are offered solely for your consideration, investi-
   gation and verification. Statements or suggestions concerning possible use of this product are made without representation
   or warranty that any such use is free ofpatent infringement and are not  recommendations to infringe on any patent.
C I9U Drew Chemical Corporation. All Riihts Reserved.
AMEROID and Triton logo are rcfiuered trademarks of Drew Chemical Corporation.
                                  Drew Ameroid1 Marine Dlvisior.
                                  Drew Chemical Corporation
                                  One Drew Plaza
                                  Boonton, New Jersey 07005 USA
                                  Telephone: (201) 263-7600
                                  Telex: 136444
                                                        Printed in U.S.A.
                                                          MC-PD-3I-88R
-------
        INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
        2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • TacomaWA 98424 • (206)922-8932
INLAND TECHNOLOGY IS AN OLD LINE CHEMICAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
HOUSE LOCATED IN THE TIDE FLATS OF TACOMA, WASHINGTON.


INLAND TECHNOLOGY HAS OVER 24  YEARS EXPERIENCE IN:
       *  CUSTOM CHEMICAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING.
       *  DESIGN OF REDUCED HAZARD ALTERNATIVES TO COMMON
         HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS.
       *  DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF ULTRA SAFE SOLVENTS AND
         SURFACE PREPARATION COMPOUNDS.
       * REDUCTION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE STREAMS.
       *  CONSULTATION IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND ELIMINATION OF
         CHEMICAL HAZARDS.
INLAND  TECHNOLOGY  HAS JUST COMPLETED MAJOR DESIGN  EFFORTS FOR
BOEING AND WEYERHAEUSER AND LOOKS FORWARD TO BEING OF SERVICE TO
YOUR ORGANIZATION.
-------
INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
2612 Pacific Highway East Suite C • Tacoma. WA 98424 • (206) 922-8932
              PARTS WASHER RENTAL
                THE WHOLE STORY
   Even though you subscribe to a  parts  washer
   service  that exchanges spent dirty  solvent
   for fresh, the E.P.A. and D.O.E.  regulations
   still    consider   that  the  solvent   and
   resultant  dangerous  waste  is  still  your
   "cradle-to-grave"    responsibility.     The
   following  effects are the direct result  of
   the responsibility.
   *   If  your hazardous waste  disposal  never
   exceeds 225 Ibs.  in a given month,  you are
   conditionally  exempt from most of  E.P.A.'s
   and D.O.E.'s requirements.
   *  Disposal  or  exchange  of  rental  parts
   washing fluid  counts as part  of your site's
   hazardous  waste  disposal  and  can  easily
   cause you to exceed the 225 Ib.  limit.   If
   this    happens   you   will   lose    your
   conditionally  exempt status,  and you  will
   have  to apply for an E.P.A.  Identification
   number and comply with extremely complicated
   record keeping and  procedural regulations.
   * Most rental solvents contain trace amounts
   of  the dangerous aromatic hydrocarbons  and
   have very low threshold limit values on  the
   Material   Safety  Data  Sheets  and   these
   solvents can cause skin cancer.
-------
INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • Tacomo.WA 98424 • (206)922-8932
               THE EDGE TEK STORY
   The  Edge-Tek  Filter  System is  a  compact
   inexpensive   ultra  filter  that    removes
   particulates  and other contaminants from  a
   variety of liquids.

   The  Edge-Tek  System  Filters down  to  one
   tenth  of a micron and  has been  particulary
   useful in:
   *  Filtering special  parts washer  solvents.
   Used  in  conjunction with compatible  parts
   washing solvents (Citra Safe or  Partsmaster
   140),  the  Edge Tek  Filter keeps  dangerous
   heavy  metal contamination to minimal levels
   and    minimizes   carbon   and    petroleum
   contamination.    Test sites are experiencing
   no need for solvent disposal;  they just add
   solvent to replace  for evaporation  and drag
   out, and replace filters as needed.
   *  It is estimated that the on-line  use  of
   the Edge-Tek Filter System will indefinitely
   postpone  the need to dispose of or exchange
   the parts washing solvent;  and will confine
   disposal  of hazardous waste to  a  Softball
   size  filter  that weighs about one  half  a
   pound.
-------
INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
2612 Pacific Highway East, Suite C • Tacoma.WA 98424 • (206)922-8932
                    PREP-TONE
   PREP-TONE  is  a  unique  water  based   solvent
   formulated with no solids, that replaces Methyl
   Ethyl Ketone, lacquer washers. Acetone,  Xylene,
   and   Toluene   for  most  suface   preparation
   applications.  PREP-TONE is an ultra-safe, bio-
   degradable  surface  preparation compound  that
   replaces   hazardous   petroleum    distillates
   commonly used to prepare metal, plastic, fiber-
   glass, and other  surfaces for  the acceptance
   of paint and other coatings.

   PREP-TONE'S  low  toxicity,  non-flamable,  and
   biodegradable nature insure that its use  will
   improve  plant safety, decrease disposal costs,
   and  reduce  the risks  of  hazardous chemical
   spills.  It's  economical nature allows  it  to
   compete    favorably   with   the   traditional
   petroleum   distillates  such  as  M.E.K.   and
   lacquer washes.

   Surfaces to be prepared, should be sprayed then
   wiped with Prep-TONE or they can be wiped  down
   with  a rag dampened with PREP-TONE followed by
   a dry rag wipe. This removes all oils, greases,
   mill  scale,  finger  prints and other   surface
   contaminates that can  interfere  with   proper
   bonding of the coating to be applied. PREP-TONE
   leaves no  residue and leaves  a  paint ready
   surface when dry.

   PREP-TONE is designed as a suface prep only and
   is  not recommened as a thinner for paints  and
   other coatings.
-------
  INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
  2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • TacomaWA 98424 - (206)922-8932
                     X-CALIBER
X-Caliber  is a low toxicity*  solvent based  stripper
that   contains   no  Methylene  Chloride  or   other
Chlorinated  Hydrocarbons,  aromatic hydrocarbons,  or
petroleum distillates.  Its high flash point,  ease of
disposal,  and freedom from regulations under R.C.R.A.
or  C.E.R.C.L.A.  or section 313, makes it the solvent
stripper of  choice  for cleaning  and  removing  the
following contaminates:  Unsaturated Polyester Resins,
Gel Coat Lines,  Paint Guns and Lines,  Chopper  Guns,
Uncured Polyurethane Foam, Most Paints, Most Graffiti,
and Inks.
-------
INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
2612 Pacific Highway East, Suite C • Tacoma.WA 98424 • (206)922-8932
                    SAFETY PREP
     Replaces   Methyl  Ethyl  Keytone  (MEK),
     Acetone,   Laquer  Hashes,   Xylene  and
     Toluene, when  used for surface prepara-
     tion.

     Safety  Prep  is  a  concentrated,  ultra
     safe,   biodegradable, surface preparation
     compound   that    replaces    hazardous
     petroleum   distillates commonly  used  to
     prepare metal,  plastic,  fiberglass and
     other   surfaces for acceptance  of  paint
     and other  coatings.   Evaporates with no
     residue and it's use  provides  superior
     coating for adhesives.

     Safety  Prep  is designed to  be diluted
     with water, but can be used straight with
     some applications.  Average dilution is 1
     part to 3 parts water.   Best results are
     obtained   with   a   spray   and   wipe
     application or with a wipe down with  a
     rag moistened with Safety Prep  followed
     by  a  dry rag wipe.   It is not  designed
     for use as a paint or coating  thinner,
     and it's   use for this  purpose is  not
     recommended.
-------
  INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
  2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • Tacoma. WA 98424 • (206) 922-8932
                     ISO-PREP
Iso-Prep  is  the ultimate in safety in  a  petroleum
solvent.   Iso-Prep contains no hazardous chlorinated,
fluoridated or aromatic  hydrocarbons,   its  components
have  been  selected from only  the  safest  petroleum
distillates.

Iso-Prep  removes  oil,  grease,  glues,  inks,  wax,
asphalt   and   other   deposits.    Its  controlled
evaporation makes it ideal for parts washing and cold
tank  cleaning.  Its  safety and near  lack  of  odor
makes it an ideal press cleaner for industry.

Iso-Prep   is  a virtually   odorless,   high-purity
hydrocarbon that provides good wetting  and a very low
degree of irritancy to skin and eyes.

Iso-Prep has a low vapor pressure, ISmmHg, to  control
V.O.C.  emissions and very low toxicity rating.  Iso-
Prep is exempt from S.A.R.A., Title III, section 313,
is  non-carcinogenic,  and  worker  exposure  is  not
limited by O.S.H.A.

Specifications for Iso-Prep:

Flash Point          142 F (TCC)
Vapor Pressure       5 mmHg at 60C
Volatility           100%
Solvency (KB value)   27
Boiling Point        370 F
-------
    INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
    2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • Tacoma.WA 98424 • (206)922-8932



                   M-y//
Z" Strip
                    CHARACTERISTICS
HIGH FLASH POINT:  "Z" Strip  is low in  flammability   (Flash
point 150  degrees F).   Low in vapor pressure  (less than 4 mm
HG) and hazard  free in storage.

LOW   TOXICITY:   "Z"  Strip  shows  low  toxicity  by  oral,
inhalation and  skin absorbtion.

EASILY  DISPOSABLE:  "Z"  Strip may be burned  and  gives  off
approximately 9000 BTU/LB.

HIGH KB VALUE:   "Z" Strip is high in solvency  and may be used
in  cleaning such  things  as  gel  coat   and paint  lines,
unsaturated Polyester  Resin, uncured Polyurethane Resins and
foams, inks, fresh paints, greases, oils,  and  some adhesives.


                         USES

SELF CLEANING:  When used to clean unsaturated  polyester resin
"Z" Strip  segregates the resin at the bottom of the container
allowing  "Z"  Strip  to  be  decanted  and re-used.   Resin
continues  to cure facilitating disposal.

COATINGS:   "Z"   Strip will remove some coatings such as  some
paints, resins,  and adhesives.

SILK  SCREEN CLEANING:  "Z" Strip easily  removes  most  silk
screen  inks and paints from the screens  and  replaces  such.
toxic solvents  as M.E.K., Toluene, and Methylene Chloride.

PAINT LINE AND  GUN CLEAN UP: "Z" Strip is  an ideal substitute
for Methlylene  Chloride in cleaning paint  and  gel coat lines,
foam and glue lines, and various resin.lines.

FIBERGLASS   RESIN  CLEANING:   "Z"  Strip  quickly   strips
unsaturated Polyester Resins from tools  and lines without the
hazards and environmental problems associated  with Acetone or
Methylene  Chloride.
-------
      INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
      2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • Tacoma. WA 98424 • (206) 922-8932
                           CITREX
 A bio-degreadable carburetor cleaner and cold tank compound.

 In  order to meet a critical need in  the  industry,  Inland
 Technology has developed a bio-degradable,  non-toxic, easily
 disposable  cold  tank compound.   Citrex  has cleaning  and
 stripping   performances  equal  to  traditional   cold  tank
 compounds   without  the  toxicity  and  disposal  problem
 associated with them.

 Citrex  contains no Methylene Chloride,  Cresylic   Acid,  or
 Dichlorobenzene.  None of its components appear on O.S.H.A's
 "Z"  list of hazardous chemicals and none of  its   components
 are  listed by Section 313,  of S.A.R.A. Title III,  or  by
 Section 302, of R.C.R.A.  This means that Citrex can be used
 with confidence regarding safety and can be disposed of with
 a minimum of cost and reporting.  Since Citrex contains  no
 chlorinated  solvents,  its  use  eliminates   the   risk   of
 contaminating stored waste oil.

 Citrex  is  a powerful stripping and cleaning agent that  is
 excellent for removing  paints,  coatings,  carbon,  grease,
 fuel residues,  resins and other tenacious  contaminates from
 a variety of substances.  Citrex is safe on both ferrous and
 non-ferrous  metals,  and is excellent for  sensitive  metals
 such as aluminum, magnesium and- titanium.

 CHARACTERISTICS:

 Boiling point (F); 340
 Vapor pressure MMHG: <2 KMHG
 Vapor density (air-l)i 4.5
 Specific Gravity (H2O-1): .86
 Volatile by volume (%)s 100%
 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate)s <.l

 Soluabilitys Very slight (water)
Appearance and odors Mild amine-like odor,  clear blend.
Flash point (method used)s 150F (TCC)
Flammable limits; Lels 1%   Usl: N/A
Auto ignition temperatures appox. 460 F
Stability:  Stable-avoid contamination with water, as water
ties up and weakens one of its  ingredients.
-------
      INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
                           YOU  BE  THE  JUDGE
        PARTSWASHER
               WITH
            INLAND'S
  EDGE-TEK FILTER SYSTEM
OR
            PARTSMASTEF
              140
             30 gal.
                        >40
                        It 1
-------
 INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
 2612 Pocific Highway East. Suite C • Tocoma. WA 98424 • (206) 922-8932
                  CITRA-SAFE
Citra-Safe is an ultra safe industrial solvent
produced   from  all  natural,   non-petroleum
distillates.   Citra-Safe is far safer to work
with than chlorinated petroleum solvents.

Citra-Safe exhibits no toxic properties,  has
no  threshold  limit value  or  P.E.L.  limits
imposed  upon  its usage in the workplace  and
has no carcinogenic properties. In fact Citra
Safe does not contain any hazardous  componets
as defined in 29 CFR 1910.

Citra-Safe   is  literally  a  bio-degradable
solvent   replacement  for  mineral   spirits,
thinners and chlorinated solvents.  The use of
Citra-Safe    reduces   risks  of   hazardous
chemicals  spills,  eliminates  most  hazardous
waste  disposal  costs,   and  eliminates  the
health   hazards  associated with   petroleum
solvents.    The   absence  of  any  petroleum
hydrocarbons  in  Citra-Safe allows  disposal
after   soil   release   into  satisfactorily
operating effluent treatment plants.

Citra-Safe removes tough greases,  oils,  tars
and  other contaminates from metals,  painted
surfaces,   ceramic,   fiber glass  and  many
plastics.   It  is also effective in  removing
some  glues,  and resins,   and  can be used  to
remove  oil  based  stains  from  carpets  and
upholstery.   Its ability to evaporate totally
after use makes Citra-Safe an ideal   replace-
ment  for  hazardous chlorinated  solvents  in
cleaning  electrical parts and  apparatus.  Its
ability  to safely clean  polyethelene  grease
and  "Icky Pic" from flooded telephone  cables
and  semi-conductors  has  made  Citra-Safe  the
solvent of choice for many telephone and power
utilities.
-------
 To  date,   the  scientists and engineers at  Inland  Technology  Inc.  have
 developed  successful substitutes, for the .following problem solvents:
  TOXIC SOLVENT
     USAGE
SUBSTITUTES
     COMMENTS
 Methylene  Chloride
Paint stripping,
cold tank soak,
resin removal.
Citrex or
X-Caliber
Both  products bio-
degradeable, not
regulated by RCRA
or SARA, Title III,
Low VOC.
  1,1,1  Trichloro-
  ethane
Electronic &
electrical
cleaning.  Also,
metal preparation.
Citra Safe
Iso-Prep
Citra Safe biode-
gradeable. Iso-Prep
low toxicity.  Both
low V.O.C.
 Methyl  Ethyl
 Keytone
  (M.E.K.)
Surface preparation
prior to paint or
welding.
Safety Prep
Citra Safe
Iso-Prep
Safety Prep & Citral
Safe are biodegradel
able. All low VOC.
  Toluene/Xylene
Surface preparation
for painting or
welding.
Safety Prep
Citra Safe
Iso-Prep
Same as above
 Acetone
Cleaning of fiber-
glass and expoxy
resins.
Z-Strip
Citrex
Low VOC & toxcity.
High flash point.
Citrex biodegrade-
able.
  Stoddard Solvent/
  Mineral Spirits
Parts washing and
paint clean-up
Citra Safe
Iso-Prep
Breakthrough
Low VOC, Citra    j
Safe biodegradeablqj
Breakthrough free
from most regs.
 Trichloroethylene
Degreasing and
resin removal
Citrex
Iso-Prep
Biodegradeable,
low VOC.
 Perchloroethylene
Degreasing.
Citra Safe
Iso-Prep
Non-halogenated,
low VOC, easier
disposal. Low
toxicity.
It  should  be  noted  that performance  needs  vary  from  application  to
application  and that none of these substitutes should be expected to be  a
100% cross over for all applications.

Also,  the  chemical behaviors of these substitutes (vapor  pressures,  dry
time,  etc.)   may  differ from solvents being replaced which  may   require
changes in work practices in order for substitutes to be successful.
-------
     INLAND TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
    2612 Pacific Highway East. Suite C • Tacoma.WA 98424 • (206)922-8932
                      BREAKTHROUGH
Breakthrough  is a state of the art solvent designed  to
help  users  break  out  of the  tangle  of  regulations
regarding  emissions,  disposal,  and industrial  health
hazards.

Breakthrough  is  a virtually odorless,  low  toxicity,
high-purity  hydrocarbon  and that exhibits a  very  low
degree of irritancy to the eyes,  and non irritating  to
the skin.

Breakthrough  has low vapor pressure to  control  V.O.C.
emissions,   is   non-photo-chemically  reactive,   non-
carcinogenic  and  is exempt from  S.A.R.A.  Title  III,
Section 313, 302, C.E.R.L.A., and R.C.R.A. requirements,
and worker exposure is not regulated by O.S.H.A.  Break-
through   has   no   listed  components   and   has   no
characteristics of hazardous waste per E.P.A  and D.O.E.
regulations.

In  effect,  in  its uncontaminated form,  the  use  and
disposal  of Break-Through is not regulated by O.S.H.A.,
E.P.A.,  R.C.R.A,  S.A.R.A. Title III or the various air
emmission   regulations   regarding   volatile   organic
compounds and photo-chemically reactive solvents.

Breakthrough  has  moderate solvency and  removes  oil,
grease,  inks,  wax and other deposits.   Its controlled
evaporation   and   relative  freedom  from   regulatory
restrictions  make it ideal for parts washing and  other
metal cleaning operations.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Plash Point         142° F (TCC)
Vapor Pressure      5 mmHG
Boiling Point       370° F
Solvency (KB Value) 27
Volatility          100%
-------
COMMON AUTOMOTIVE CHEMICALS AND THEIR HAZARDS
PRODUCT
Brake Cleaner
Cold Tank Carb
Cleaner
Parts Washer
Solvent
Gasket Remover
Electrical Safety
Solvent
Anti-Freeze
Hot Tank Cleaner
Steam Clean Soap
Spot Removers
Tar Remover
Lacquer Wash
Prep Sol
Paint Stripper
Methyl Ethyl
Ketone (M.E.K.)
HAZARDOUS COMPONENT
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
Perchlorethylene
Methylene Chloride
Stoddard Solvent
Toluene, Xylene
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
Tetra Chloroethylene
Methylene Chloride
1,1,1, Trichloroethane
Lead
Sodium Hydroxide
Lead, Chrome
Sodium Hydroxide
2-Butoxyethanol
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
Toluene
M.E.K. & Toluene
Stoddard Solvent
Toluene
Methylene Chloride
M.E.K.
HEALTH HAZARDS
Cardiac Sensitization
Cancer
Cancer
Nerve Damage,
Some Carcinogenic
Compounds.
Cancer
Possible Carcinogenic
Cardiac Sensitizer
Toxic
Caustic
Systemic Toxin
Possible Carcinogenic
Cardiac Sensitizer
Possible Carcinogen
Liver & Kidney Damage
Possible Carcinogenic
Nerve Damage
Possible Carcinogenic
Cancer
Liver & Kidney Damage
DISPOSAL
I
E.H.W. ~]
E.H.W. H
D.W. I
E.H.W. I
E.H.W. 1
Possible
D.W.
D.W.
Possible
E.H.W. T
Possible I
D.W. I
E.H.W. 1
D.W. |
New T.C. I
Listed D.W. J
D.W. 1
E.H.W. 1
]
D.W. ||
-------
                       APPENDIX D
                       BILGE WASTE
                          NOTE
Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this report  does not in any way imply  EPA  or SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
           SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF  OIL/WATER SEPARATION SYSTEM

                                    USCG  Base Ketchikan
   r
Switch
Levels
   L
      B
Bilge Water
  Settling
   Tank
                                             Dirty Water Recycle Loop
 Dishcarge to
Waste Oil  Tank

      A
                V
              Sludge
             Removal
                          CPS-3
                          Oil/water
                          Separator
       Control Module
       and Emulsion
       Breaking Unit
                                                                        Effluent
                                                                        Monitor
 Basics of System:

 1) Bilge/ballast water is pumped into the settling tank.
   When both level switches are activated, the system turns on.

 2) Free oils are removed by the Quantek CPS-3 separator.
   When the oil dome is full the oil is automatically
   discharged to a remote receiver.

 3) Process water is  pumped through an emulsion breaking
   cartridge.  When the cartridge is spent a differential
   pressure switch will sound an alarm.
    V
  Clean
  Water
Discharge
(to sewer)
                                                     4)  The monitor either discharges
                                                        the process water or recycles
                                                        it for  additional treatment.

                                                     5)  When both level switches
                                                        "drop out"  the system stops.
-------
             tuantek
FRAM xjps-s m -m^
MARINE SEPARATOR
                                                       The CPS-3 is designed for manual
                                                       or fully automatic operation, and
                                                       requires very little maintenance.
                                                       Only periodic cleaning of the plate
                                                       packs is required for normal
                                                       operation. The unit also eliminates
                                                       the need for any holding tanks,
                                                       and the need for waiting in line for
                                                       discharge to an on shore facility.
                                                       This saves valuable time as well
                                                       as cost.

                                                       The Fram CPS-3 is a cost efficient
                                                       way of separating oil and solids
                                                       contaminants from shipboard
                                                       bilgewater.

                                                       Fram is currently installing the
                                                       CPS-3 on vessels in the U.S., and
                                                       all over the world. For a free
                                                       consultation contact Fram
                                                       Industrial in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The Fram CPS-3 Marine
Separator is a highly efficient
coalescing plate separator
designed especially for separation
of oil and solids from shipboard
bilgewater. it is ideally suited for
retrofit on existing vessels due to
the ultra-compact size of the unit.
The CPS-3 exceeds IMCO
standard and is U.S. Coast Guard
approved (#162.050/1095/0).

The unit will process 3 gallons per
minute to purities of 15 ppm oil
content or less, with no costly filter
elements or cartridges that result
in hazardous waste disposal.
-------
CPS-3 MARINE SEPARATOR
Pram precisely engineered
coalescing plate separators are
utilized in liquid flows to separate
hydrocarbons from water and to
enhance the removal of solids
from the effluent.

The CPS-3 is designed especially
for marine, shipboard applications,
and will process up to 3 gallons
per minute, to purities of 15 ppm
oil content or less.

The CPS-3 exceeds IMCO
standards, and is U.S. Coast
Guard approved- #162.0507
1095/0.

Oily bilge water is conducted
through the patented coalescing
plates. Oil particles of 20 microns
and larger adhere to the oleophilic
surfaces of the plates and migrate
upward, in accordance with Stokes
Law. These particles are then
       coalesced into "sheets" of oil on
       the underside surfaces of the
       polypropylene plates. The
       coalesced oil rises in the form of
       large globules through the plate
       weep holes to the surface of the
       separator.

       The CPS-3 is designed so that it
       will not be damaged or spill liquids
       under extreme conditions.

       There is no need to change the
       coalescing elements in the CPS-3,
       only periodic cleaning of the plate
       pack is required. This eliminates
       costly cartridge storage and
       disposal, thus reducing operating
       costs dramatically.

       Fram offers computerized
       selection and performance
       prediction, with  standard  design or
       custom engineering.
For effective separation of oil and
solids from shipboard bilgewater
contact Fram Industrial.
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
Design
Pressure
Shell, T;: :
' > . : f . . .- - -
•>.'- -'I.'' - •'.. •"•- -
Flanges
Plates •;
Seals
Internal Pipe
Internal
Fastening
20psi
%" S.A.53 Steel
Pipe;
S.A. 105
Polypropylene
Buna N O-Rings
S.A. 53 Steel Pipe
or PVC
304 Stainless Steel
Rod
DIMENSIONS
Unit
Nom Flow
A
B
>:>-•- -.C^-i;.
D
:* '<• E :•- •,
F
& -% G.?.5 "v
H
CPS 3P
3GPM
24;,- -. 18"
6%"
                                                                       U.S. Patent No. 4299706
            Facet
            Quantek
Facet Quantek, Inc.
2929 E. Apache (74110)
P. O. Box 50096, Tulsa, OK 74150 U.S.A.
(918) 834-2929 • Telex: 201815 • Fax: 918-836-7383
-------
-------
   Fgicet
  T^ i V-^x—/v^/i.
INTRODUCING THE NEW
FACET MARK VIII BILGE ALARM
OIL CONTENT MONITOR.
   MARK VIII CONTROL MODULE
MARK VIII SENSING MODULE
-------
! The new Mark VIM Bilge Alarm
 represents the latest technology in  '
 oil content monitors from Facet.
 Completely tested, approved and
 certified to U.S. Coast Guard
 regulations, 46 CFR, Part 162.050 -
 31, it also meets I MO Res. A. 393 (X)
 (Intergovernmental Maritime
 Organization).

 The Mark VIII continuously monitors
 dispersed oil in process water
 streams from 0 to 100 ppm. Using
 the principle of light scattering
 to detect trace amounts of oil-
 in-water, the Mark VIII offers a
 high level of accuracy in an eco-
 nomical, compactly designed two-
 module instrument. Both modules
 are water-tight and corrosion-
 resistant for in-service application
 in the toughest, most severe environ-
 mental conditions.

 Standard Design  Features:
 • Continuously monitors dispersed
  oiMn-water from 0 to 100 ppm
 • Warning lights and dry contacts
  designed to actuate diversion
  valves or remote alarms
 • Compact design in watertight
  cabinets
 • Infrared light emitting diode
  light source
 • Silicon photo diode detector
  highly sensitive to light scattering
 • Solid state electronics with a single
  printed circuit board for reliability
 • Bilge alarm time delay (adjustable)
 • LED indicator lights for power on,
  monitor recalibration and high
  ppm alarm
 • USCG certified for demanding
  marine conditions

 Light Scattering Detection
 Principle Assures
 Exceptional Sensitivity.
 The Mark VIII bilge alarm uses a
 centrifugal pump to take a sample of
 the processed water at the rate of
 5 gpm (.02 mVH). This pump highly
 disperses any oil in the sample, which
 is then pumped through the sensing
 column where the sample is analyzed
 for oil content by the principle of
 light scattering. Following analysis,
this sample is then returned to the
 process stream.
USCG CERTIFICATE NO. 162.050/3016A)


Tested, Approved And
Certified To USCG Reg. 46
CFR Part. 162.05O, And
Meets IMO Res. A. 393 (X)
The infrared light source is a Gallium
Arsenide (GaAs) diode which emits
infrared light at a wavelength of
8800 angstroms. The detector is a
silicon photo diode which has a peak
spectral response from 8000 to
9000 angstroms—it provides
exceptional sensitivity at its
operational wavelength.

A built-in preamplifier in the detector
boosts the signal sufficiently to
provide a very high signal-to-noise
ratio. This allows longer intercon-
necting wiring between sensing
station and control module making
the instrument less susceptible to
external interference. The Mark VIII
then conditions and amplifies this
signal for a linear readout from 0 to
100 ppm which is displayed on a
rugged analog meter.

Additionally, the alarm on the circuit
board has been pre-set at 15 ppm.
However, it is adjustable. When
effluent exceeds the set point the
red alarm indicating light will glow
and a set of dry contacts  is actuated.
These contacts may also  be used to
actuate diversion valves or remote
alarms.
 ^Typical Flow Diagram -^IVIark VIII
                               WINDOW tfft A* CYUNOCM
                                                               f
-------
 MARK VIII BILGE ALARM

 Specifications:
 Range:
 0-100 ppm. alarm preset at 15 ppm
 Accuracy: ±5 ppm
 Design
 Temperature: 140°F (60° C)
 Design Pressure: 100 psi (689 kPa)
 Flow Rate: 5 gpm (.02 ma/H)
 Detection
 Wavelength: 8000—9000 angstroms
 Light Source
 Wavelength: 8800 angstroms
 Storage
 Temperature: 185°F max. (85° C)
 Output Signals: Red alarm light
 with one set of dry contacts rated
 for 5 amps at 120 VAC for actuating
 diversiorf valves or to sound a
 remote alarm.
 Power Supply:
 Control module -120 VAC, 60 Hz
               <100VA
 Pump motor -1 H P - 230/460 VAC,
             3 Ph, 60 Hz
 Roll Angle: 0 to 22.5 degrees
 Vibration: From 2 Hz to 13.2 Hz
 ±1 mm amplitude. From 13.2 Hz
 to 80 Hz acceleration to 0.7g
 Mounting:
 Control module—vertical wall
 mounted or skid mounted
 Sensing module—vertical wall
 mounted or skid mounted
 Pump assembly—skid mounted
 Connections:
 Sensing station — inlet/outlet %' NPT
 Pump - inlet/outlet  %" NPT
Weight:
Control module -12.5 Ibs (5.6 kg)
Sensing module —10 Ibs (4.5 kg)
Skid mounted sensing module &
pump assembly—68 Ibs (30.8 kg)
Air Requirements: 100 psi nominal

Control Module:
Panel - NEMA 4,10" (254 mm) by 8*
(203 mm) by 4* (102 mm), includes
a gasketed hinged door cover.
Electronics —Solid-state, mounted
on a single printed circuit board;
water resistant and fungus proof.
Door Panel Components —
Watertight panel meter, LED indicator
lights, power on-off switch, and
manual window wipe button.

Sensing Module:
Housing - NEMA 4,8" (203 mm) by
6" (152  mm) by 6'(152 mm), includes
gasketed hinged door cover.
Sensing Column —Vertical, tubular
housing mounts inside NEMA 4
housing; includes light source,
detector and associated electronics.
Window Wiping Assembly—
Mounted on top of sensing housing;
wiper blade attached to air cylinder
shaft extending into column; cylinder
controlled by built-in timer, adjusts
by pre-positioning of dip switches.

Emulsifier Pump:
Centrifugal, high-speed pump driven
by a yz HP marine-duty motor;
externally mounted on skidbase
of sensing module support stand.
Mark VIII sensing module and pump
skid-mounted for fast installation.

Optional Equipment:
Motor starter — manual or automatic
Flow switch — automatic

Pump motor- Yz HP. 110/230 VAC,
             1 Ph, 60 Hz
Explosion Proof Enclosures
and Motors

NOTE: European voltages available
      upon request.
n Facet
FLUID TECHNOLOGY GROUP
         Industrial Division
         Facet Enterprises, Inc.
         P.O. Box 50096
         Tulsa, Oklahoma 74150 U.S.A.
         (916)834-2929 TELEX: 49-2495
       DISTRIBUTED BY:
Bulletin 558.1
February. 1985
                                           © Copyright, Facet Enterprises, Inc.
                                                      Printed in U.S.A.
-------
LANCY CORRUGATED
 PLATE SEPARATOR
 Removes Oil and Solids from
   Wastewater...by gravity
-------
CORRUGATED PLATE
SEPARATOR (CPS)
    Basic  design  of the Corrugated  Plate
 Separator  for high solids load applications is
 illustrated at right. When wastewater enters the
 CPS  through  receiving  compartment A, its
 velocity is slowed to less than one foot oer second.
 This permits gross solids to settle out in the sand
 storage area and large oil globules to float to the
 surface. The influent then enters  separator
 compartment B.
    After passing  through a quiescent  zone,
 wastewater enters   the  Corrugated  Plate
 Interceptor (CPI) plate pack. Here the finer oil
 droplets and sludge are separated by gravity. The
 de-oiled   wastewater  flows   into   effluent
 compartment C and rises toward the outlet pipe.
    Both the separator compartment B and
 effluent compartment C are provided with a skim
 pipe, or weir. Height is adjusted to balance the
 hydraulic loads so that only oil can be skimmed off
 the surface. An oil layer is maintained in the inter-
 ceptor, with oil discharged automatically into the
 skimmer due to the difference in the specific
 gravity of oil and water.
          WATER LEVEL
               A
                                   ADJUSTABLE BUCKET
                                   OIL WEIR
 EFFLUENT WEIR

EFFLUENT TROUGH'

     EFFLUENT /
   OUTLET PIPE

    OIL OUTLET -1

 EFFLUENT  —
 COMPARTMENT
      (C)
   SLUDGE  	
   COMPARTMENT
                                                        	 OIL LAYER

                                                        SEPARATOR
                                                        COMPARTMENT
                                                             (B)
                                                          RECEIVING
                                                          COMPARTMENT
                                                              (A)
                                                           OILY WATER
                                                           INFLUENT
                                                 SAND TRAP
         NOTE: General arrangement of the low solids
         unit Is shown on the front cover of this bulletin.
CORRUGATED PLATE
INTERCEPTOR (CPI)
!:s;--^;-v;:r®f|ip
                            rlJf
  tS'-t
 ••* .?-:>,•„
                  i ;C
   "/•'. V- - '<«,  .
 v/>/"' r'r'>'.ix '•'•  '•• ' . : i } •
 -!,*
-------
 CAPACITY
     Because the CPI plate pack is a gravity type separator,
 its efficiency is determined by the rising or settling velocity of
 the smallest particles  that will be intercepted. Capacity,
 then, cannot be stated as a fixed value.
     The movement of particles is affected  by the rising
 height, flow conditions, Hquid flow velocity and particle size.
 Corrugated plates in the plate pack reduce the rising height
 and establish laminar flow conditions.
     Flow  velocity  is  related  to  the  through-put.  For
 example, with a standard plate space of 3/4' and quoted
 capacity of 130 GPM, the flow velocity is 1.8 ft./min. This
 means that all particles with a rising velocity of 0.42 in./min.
 (2.1 ftyhr.) will be intercepted. Particle size is determined by
 the difference in specific gravity between the  water and oil,
 at a given temperature. When the water temperature is 68*
 F and the difference in specific gravity is 0.1, then all oil
 particles 55 microns or larger will be recovered.
   •  It follows that the ppm content of the effluent depends
 upon the number of particles entering with the influent with
 a rising velocity of less than 0.42 in./min. To increase  the
 separating efficiency of the CPI plate pack,  these smaller
 particles must be intercepted. This can be done by reducing
 the flow velocity — that is, reducing the through-put
 per pack.
     The chart below illustrates the  relationship between
 capacity, particle size, temperature and  specific gravity for
 the Lancy  Corrugated Plate Separator.

 CPS DESIGN/APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
     To achieve a desired final concentration, the size of oil droplets that
' must be removed by the separator depends upon the origin of the waste-
                                       water. Normally, tank farm runoff will be less than 20 ppm if all oil globules
                                       larger than 90 microns are removed. Refinery waste streams, however, will
                                       generally be less than 20 ppm only when all oil globules larger than 60
                                       microns are removed.
                                       EXAMPLE: CPI Packs and Refinery Stream
                                           How many CPI packs are required to reduce a refinery stream of 1700
                                       GPM, containing 0.4% oil, to less than 30 ppm at a temperature of 68* F?
                                       Specific gravity, waters  .995, Specific gravity, oil * .895.
                                           Locate 68° F on the horizontal temperature scale of the chart below.
                                       Project vertically to intercept 60 microns on the  particle size scale. Next,
                                       project horizontally until crossing the differential specific gravity of 0.1
                                       (.995 versus .895).  Then, project vertically down to the through-put scale
                                       and read 150 GPM. Divide 1700 by 150 = 11.35  packs. Therefore, use
                                       twelve packs.
                                       EXAMPLE: CPI Pack load Versus Heavy Flow Conditions
                                           What is the CPI pack load required during various rainfall intensities for
                                       a given surface area? A nominal starting point for design is to use between
                                       1/2" and 3/4" per hour of rainfall to determine the number of packs. The oil
                                       concentration and droplet size will vary under storm conditions. At the
                                       beginning of the storm, much of the oil spilled on the platform and pads will
                                       wash into the sewer  with a relatively low volume of water. Thus, while the oil
                                       concentration is high, typically 2000-3000 ppm, the oil droplets are large in
                                       size (60 microns and larger).
                                          As the storm continues, the runoff rate increases while the oil concen-
                                       tration drops sharply. Nearly all the spilled oil has rinsed away. Because of
                                       agitation, oil droplet size is  reduced, with 2 to  3% dropping below 60
                                       microns. The concentration during this period normally is around 50 ppm.
                                           Although theoretically the flow through a  standard pack will remain
                                       laminar up to 700 GPM, at this load oil sludge particles tend to be washed
                                       from the plates into  the effluent As a result, storm water design normally is
                                       limited to 300 GPM.  This is chiefly because once the separator, downstream
                                       from the plate pack, becomes coated with oil,  it downgrades the effluent
                                       quality for several months.
                                 PARAMETERS ARE DIFFERENTIAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
               M

               O
               ee
               o
               o
               Ul
               I
               IU
               IU
               H
               w
               III
               o
               I
                   -A
                   m
3
35
4
                          4
                          f
1^
*/	<
                               i-:
                                                                         •yf\
                  TEMP'F
         S   S  8  R    9  S  SSSSS      8    g  a  §   §  §  §g§g§

                THROUGH-PUT-GPM/PACK-WITH  3/4" SPACING
-------
m
     PILOT UNIT — Quarter pack pilot unit made of corrosion-resistant
     reinforced polyester with steel frame serves as lightweight transport-
     able unit to determine full scale through-puts and oil and sludge
     removal rates.
     12-PACK UNITS — This line-up offinlthed CPS unit* It part of an
     Installation of 31 tuch units for a large automotive waste water treat-
     ment system. These are tteel tanks with six CPI Packs on each side.
     CPI PLATE PACKS — These CPI Packs are ready to be assembled Into
     complete CPS units.
                                                       ADVANTAGES OF
                                                       LANCY CORRUGATED

                                                       PLATE SEPARATOR

                                                       COMPACT
                                                       Uses less space, liquid detention time is only minutes
                                                       compared to hours in conventional settling devices.

                                                       NO MOVING PARTS
                                                       Simple, better separation; minimum maintenance.

                                                       LOW INSTALLATION COST
                                                       Lightweight, can be installed above ground on a con-
                                                       crete pad or underground; several designs available.

                                                       MOLDED FRAME CONSTRUCTION
                                                       Sturdy  construction; CPI  plates held  in molded
                                                       corrosion-resistant frame, will not become unglued
                                                       in use.

                                                       LOW OPERATING COST
                                                       Gravity-design separates light from heavy materials
                                                       in smooth, efficient, automatic flow.

                                                       STREAMLINED GUTTERS
                                                       Provide better collecting troughs to remove oil and
                                                       sludge out of the main flow.

                                                       CONSISTENT OPERATING RESULTS
                                                       Due to our unique design features, changes in flow
                                                       rate, temperature and weather do not throw opera-
                                                       tion out of equilibrium.

                                                       FLEXIBLE
                                                       Available in various  materials of construction for
                                                       either above or below grade installation. Can be fur-
                                                       nished with auxiliary equipment or as an  engi-
                                                       neered system.
                                                       Special designs can also be supplied for high tem-
                                                       perature,  high  pressure,  vacuum  or  blanketed
                                                       requirements.

                                                       PROVEN
                                                       Over 3,000 packs now operating.

                                                       AUTOMATIC SLUDGE REMOVAL
                                                       Sludge collects in the valleys  of the corrugations of
                                                       the CPI plate pack and slides down  by gravity to
                                                       sludge compartment at the bottom of the unit where
                                                       it can easily be removed.
K: •fr<-
m
                           Alcoa Separations Technology,  Inc.
                           Subsidiary of Aluminum Company of America
                           181 Thorn Hill Road
                           Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7527

                           Telephone (412) 772-0044  Fax (412) 772-1360  Telex 86-6259
                                                                                         ALCOA
     Form 800110/891M
                                                                                        Printed In USA
-------
              INTERNATIONAL,
  // -i- jo^^cC.^x! An Alcoa Separations Technology Company'-. ;'-> ;: y

  'f*$Mc H NIRAL:'' BU LLETI N-;^
  * ;-:"?-iSv;Si-^?\ ;*;-:-; '•'• i» ,•'•'.'•.;. -':-v' -J. NUMBER 8201." h
   LANCY COALESCING
 OIL/WATER SEPARATOR
n
         8200 Series
 Separates Free & Mechanically

Emulsified Oils From Wastewater
-------
                              LANCY COALESCER
                                       8200 Scries
        The Lancy 8200 series coalescing oil/water
    separator utilizes an innovative design to pro-
    vide highly efficient separation of dispersed oil
    and settleable solids from process or waste
    streams. The unique  coalescing medium re-
    moves oil droplets down to 20 microns in size
    while also tolerating moderate amounts of solids.
    This medium consists of multiple layers of alter-
    nating inclined corrugated plates. The design
    provides maximum oil/water separation capa-
    bility by utilizing three mechanisms of oil drop-
    let coalescence: gravity separation, tortuous flow
    path to promote collision of oil droplets, and
    the oleophilic (oil-attracting) nature of the
    medium.
        The inclined corrugations of the coalescing
    medium permit solids to settle and collect in
the sludge hopper for removal. This enables the
unit to handle suspended solids in the oily
water stream without plugging. The Lancy
coalescer is also effective in separating heavy
oils (SG > 1.0) which are then removed through
the sludge hopper. Two standard designs are
available. A low profile multiple hopper unit
(shown on front cover) is used for low solids
applications or for installations with height re-
strictions. The high profile single hopper model
(Series 8200 S, Figure 1) is used for high solids
applications (suspended solids > 300 ppm). All
standard units can be provided with integral oil
storage capacity up to 5,000 gallons if needed.
The coalescer can be installed above or below
grade. The compact design also makes it ideal
for concrete vault installation.
                                                        PERFORMANCE
                                                    Lancy coalescers are available in two con-
                                                 figurations to accommodate either low or high
                                                 solids loadings.

                                                    The standard coalescing medium is PVC.
                                                 Polypropylene is also available. The coalescing
                                                 medium is housed in modular packs which are
                                                 installed in sections and are easily removed.

                                                    Standard units can handle influent tem-
                                                 peratures up to 160° F and operate over a
                                                 wide pH range. By using alternate materials of
                                                 construction, units can be supplied to handle
                                                 temperatures over 200° F, a full pH range,
                                                 as well as streams containing solvents and
                                                 aromatics. Surges of up to 100% oil can be
                                                 accommodated.

                                                    At design flow rates, the effluent will con-
                                                 tain 15 ppm or less free oil and grease with
                                                 droplets 20 microns and larger being removed.
                                                 An optional polishing pack located downstream
                                                 of the main separation area can further reduce
                                                 the effluent oil and grease content.

                                                    The Lancy coalescer has no moving parts
                                                 and requires no electricity... making it easy
                                                 and inexpensive to operate and maintain
8200 S Series, 30 GPM Unit
-------
                               OPERATION
                        —OIL LAYER
            PRIMARY
            DISTRIBUTOR
            INFLUENT •
                SECONDARY
                DISTRIBUTO
          OIL SKIMMER

             OIL OUTLET
                                                                ADJUSTABLE
                                                                EFFLUENT
                                                                WEIR
                                                                CLEAR WATER
                                                                EFFLUENT
                                                             CLEAR WATER
                                                             CHAMBER
                                                                BAFFLE
                           F.GUREI     8200 S Scries
    As shown in Figure 1, oily water mix-
tures are introduced into the primary dis-
tribution chamber either by pumping or by
gravity feed. Entering the unit through an
inlet deflector pipe, the liquid stream flows
through a slotted baffle to ensure even dis-
tribution across the full width and height of
the coalescing packs.
    In the coalescing zone, the liquid is for-
ced to move with sharp and abrupt changes
in direction. This tortuous flow promotes the
collision of the small oil droplets. These drop-
lets coalesce, grow in size, and eventually
become bouyant enough to move to the top
of the packs.
    The recovered oil layer, floating on top
 of the unit, is then collected by an adjustable
 trough or oil skimmer from which it flows to
 an internal or remotely located sump. The
 thickness of this layer depends upon the
 amount of oil in the influent and the height
 of the adjustable oil weir. Under stable flow
 conditions, the coalescer should maintain a top
 oil layer from two to six inches in depth.
    Solids and heavy oils will drop out of the
 medium  settling to the bottom of the unit
 and into  the sludge hopper for withdrawal.
    Clean effluent, leaving the series of coales-
 cing modules, flows under the oil retention baf-
 fle, over the adjustable weir and out of the unit.
           FEATURES
• Units for flows from 15 to 2,000 GPM
• Models for low and high solids loadings
• Slotted inlet baffle for even flow distribution
• Sludge hopper for easy dirt and solids removal
• No moving parts
• Oil storage capacity up to 5,000 gallons is
 available as an option
• Alternate materials of construction to accom-
 modate corrosive or high temperature fluids
             BENEFITS
 • Reduces free oil concentration to 15 ppm or
  better
 • Coalesces and removes oil droplets as small
  as 20 microns
 • Handles suspended solids in the flow stream
 • Easy and inexpensive to operate and maintain
 • Optional polishing pack available for even
  higher effluent quality
                     MAJOR APPLICATIONS
                     • Chemical and hydro-
                       carbon processing
                       plants
                     • Fabricated metals
                       plants
                     • Bulk plants
• Utilities
• Parking lots
• Wash racks
• Machining coolants/
 tramp oil
-------
                 COALESCER SPECIFICATIONS
                                             B
LUW 5>ULIUb
8200 Series
C



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I


MODEL* FLOW RATE
8200.15
8200.30
8201
8201.5
8202
8203
8204
8205

1


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*


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WEIGHTS (LBS)
A B C SHIPPING OPERATING
15 gpm
30 gpm
100 gpm
150 gpm
200 gpm
300 gpm
400 gpm
500 gpm

HIGH SOLIDS
8200 S Series


l
r
1


5'6»
8'8"
97'
97"
97"
127"
127"
14'3"
2'9"
2'9"
4'9"
6'9"
8'9"
6'9"
8'9"
7'9"
2'6"
4'6"
5'6"
5'6"
5'6"
6'0"
6'0"
6'0"
900
1900
3100
3800
4500
4900
5800
7000
2,600
4,100
15,400
21.900
28,300
31,400
40,700
61.800
A B

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S
L ^i
C 3
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U




               MODEL*
FLOW RATE
                                      SHIPPING OPERATING
8200.15 S
8200.30 S
8201 S
8201.5 S
8202 S
8203 S
8204 S
8205 S
15 gpm
30 gpm
100 gpm
150 gpm
200 gpm
300 gpm
400 gpm
500 gpm
5'6"
8'8"
9'7"
9'7'
9'7"
12'7"
12'7"
14'3"
2'9"
2'9"
4'9"
6'9"
8'9'
6'9*
8'9'
7'9"
4'6"
7'0"
8'0"
8'0"
8'0'
10'8"
10'8*
12 '8*
1100
2100
3300
4100
4900
5500
6.600
7800
3,200
4,900
16,600
23,800
30,700
38,300
49,600
69,200
          Units for flow rates up to 2000 GPM available. Consult Factory for dimensions and weights.

                     MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
          Tank                                      Coalescing Pack Material
             • Carbon steel (with or without coatings)*          • PVC*
             • Polypropylene                             • Polypropylene
                                   *Standard
' Stainless steel
                               Stainless Steel
                                        LAIMCY
                             INTERNATIONAL., INC.
                           An Alcoa Separations Technology Company
                                  181 Thorn Hill Road, Warrendale, PA 15086
                           Phone: (412) 772-0044 • Telex: 86-6259 • Fax: (412) 772-1360
FORM 8201 687 10M
                                                                            USA
-------
           CORRUGATED PLATE SEPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
                      (EXPANDED VERSION: EXPLANATIONS IN ITALICS)
 1.0 GENERAL

    This  project  consists  of (general description of
    oil/water separator or system, Including flow rate)
    for installation at	The equipment is
    to be of proven design with at least five (5) years
    operational experience in similar services.

        This section provides an overview of the appli-
        cation and service conditions. It Is Important to
        have a  time-proven design because many
        oil/water separator designs come and go.
2.0 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS

    2.1 The equipment shall be designed and manu-
       factured in accordance with the latest edition in
       effect at the ti me of the Contract of the following
       codes and standards:

       a. American  National Standard  Institute
         (ANSI): B16.5, "Steel Pipe Flanges. Flanged
         Valves  and Fittings".
       b. American Petroleum Institute  (API): Oil
         Water Separator Process Design.
       c. American Society for Testing and Materials
         (ASTM):
         1. A 36. "Specification for Structural Steel"

         2. A105. "Specification for Forgings, Carbon
            Steel, for Piping Components."

    2.2 Applicable Specifications  developed  by the
       Consulting Engineer.
        Helps  assure uniformity In the quality of the
        equipment quoted by different vendors.
3.0 UTILITIES AVAILABLE

        Important on systems where pumps, controls,
        etc. are required. Corrugated Plate Separator
        has no moving parts and, therefore, requires
        no utilities:
4.0  PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
    The separator shall be capable of treating a maxi-
    mum design flow of	gpm of oily water. The
    effluent from the equipment shall have a total free oil
    and grease concentration less than	mg/l
    and a  total suspended solids concentration less
    than	mg/l at the design flow rate.

        Please note that most laboratory oil determina-
        tions use an extraction method which gives
        total oil  and grease, not free oil. Separators
        only remove free oil.  Chemical treatment Is
        necessary to remove dissolved or emulsified
        oil.

5.0  DESIGN CONDITIONS
    The specified  oily water separator will serve to treat
    (describe water source.) The oily wastes shall flow
    (by gravity or pump) through the separator, which
    will be installed (above or below)  grade. Temper-
    ature of the wastewater shall range between	
    and	The equipment shall be capable of
    removing both floating and free types of oil con-
    tamination, as  well*as  suspended  solids. The
    effluent from the separator shall be discharged (by
    gravity or pump) to	Oil, grease and sludge
    recovered shall be collected and  disposed of by
    others.
    Detail of the conditions of service are as follows:
    Fluid	 	
    Fluid pH	 	
    Specific Gravity of Carrier Fluid ... 	
    Proportion of  oil  in fluid	 	
    Design flow rate, gpm	 	
    Maximum flow rate, gpm 	 	
    Normal flow rate, gpm	 	
    Physical properties of design oil:
     Type(s)	 	
     Specific Gravity @ 65° F	 	
     Viscosity @122° F.SFS	 	
     Pour point,  ° F	 	
    Influent temperature range. ° F	 	
    Ambient air
     temperature range, ° F	 	
    Suspended solids:
     Design concentration  	  	
-------
6.0 CORRUGATED PLATE OIL/WATER SEPARATOR
    The separator shall be the inclined corrugated plate
    type. The unit will be complete and factory assem-
    bled. The separator shall be  designed  for instal-
    lation as shown in drawing	
         An Installation drawing Is the best Insurance for
         getting what Is specified.
    6.1 Separator Basin
       a. The basin  and its steel internals shall be
          fabricated of A36 carbon steel  plate with at
          least 1/4"  thickness, and  shall have  the
           §eneral configuration  shown  in Figure 1.
           pedal  materials of construction also
          available.
       b. Basin shall be of welded construction. All
          welds shall be ground smooth and all weld'
          splatter removed.
       c. All steel  surfaces shall be  cleaned (and/or
          sandblasted to near white metal) and coated
          (Inside and/or outside) with (rust resistant
          primer, coal tar epoxy, or other).
       d. All flanges shall be 150 Ibs.  Nozzle size
          schedule is as follows:
                      Number    Inch Diameter
            Influent
            Effluent
            Oil Outlet
            Drain
       e. Effluent weir  will be adjustable,  gasketed
          plate type.
        f. Standard oil weir will be adjustable bucket
          type with adjustment  bolts at tank sides.
          This design Is easier to level and adjust than
          plate type.  This Is Important tor the oil weir
          due  to Its location. Adjustment may be
          necessary when oil Is present. The bucket
          weir adjustments are at the tank sides Instead
          of all the way across the tank.
       g. The  separator shall  be provided with  a
          sectionalized removable cover.
       h. Optional: The separator basin shall include
       - -  an inlet,  presettling compartment in which
          heavy solids can drop out. (See Figure 2.)
          For application such as storm water runoff it
          Is necessary to provide extra sludge settling
          and holding capacity.  The  alternative Is to
          have a unit which clogs frequently or with an
          unacceptable frequency of sludge pump-
          out. Preceding the unit with a separate sludge
          sump Is also possible.

    6.2 Corrugated Plate Interceptor Pack (CPI)
       The separator shall  have  (number)  Corrugated
       Plate pack(s) with a total effective surface area at
       a 45 degree angle of inclination of	sq.
       ft. The CPI(s) shall be constructed of fiberglass
       reinforced  polyester  with  304  stainless  steel
       hardware. Four  CPI pack sizes  are  available.
       Special materials of construction also available.
       a. Each pack shall have plates at a 0.75 inch spacing
         between the plates. The depth of the corrugations
         shall be 2 inches and the crest to crest dimension
         shall be 7 inches.
         It Is not enough to specify corrugated plates
         since there are an Infinite number of possible
         configurations.  A   proven   configuration
         should be specified.
       b. CPI shell thickness shall be 0.25 inches. The pack
         shall have the following outside dimensions:
           Length:
           Width:
           Height
      c. Packs shall have inlet and outlet troughs to prevent
        the re-entrainment of separated oils and solids.
        This key design feature Is graphically illus-
        trated In Figure 3. Without the troughs the
        separated media must rise  or fall directly
        through the flow which  could result In carry
        over.

7.0 OPTIONS
    7.1 Coalescing Media
       Polypropylene coalescing  media shall  be in-
       stalled in the irriet or outlet compartment to
       facilitate oil removal.  This  oleophilic  material
       coalesces small oil droplets into particles of
       sufficient size to separate. (See Figure 4).
        Coalescing media Is only necessary when
        mechanically emulsified oil is present or when
        low effluent oil contents are required. Consult
        with Lancy when considering this design.
   7.2 Integral Oil Tank
       An integral oil tank of.
. gallon capacity
       shall be provided. Oil will flow from the bucket
       oil weJr to the oil tank by gravity. Tank construc-
       tion will be the same as that of the CPS.
        This feature eliminates the need to provide for
        continuous oil removal. Oil can be allowed to
        accumulate until removal is convenient or oil
        can be removed on a regular schedule.
   7.3 Effluent Clear Well
       An integral  clear  well  of 	  gallon
       capacity shall be provided. The effluent will flow
       by gravity over a weir into the well. Water will be
       pumped from  an  outlet at the bottom of this
       compartment.  The  clear well shall be  of the
       same construction as the basin.
        This feature Is used when the effluent must be
        pumped. For proper functioning, flow through
        the separator must be by gravity.
   7.4 Pumps
       a.  Influent — Screw pump, positive displace-
          ment, sliding shoe or other non-emulsifying
          pump.
       b.  Sludge — Positive displacement preferred.
       c.  Oil Transfer — Gear pumps acceptable.
       d.  Water Transfer — Centrifugal.
   7.5 Level Detectors and Controls
       a.  Oil — Positioned in bucket weir or Integral oil
          tank.
       b.  Separator Compartment —  Would sense
          flooding If outlet restricted.
       c.  Clear Well — Control of water transfer pump.
       d.  Oil  Monitor  — In effluent to  verify
          performance.
   7.6 Working Platform
       Separator can be supplied with a steel platform
       around the perimeter.  Platform would be com-
       plete with ladders, handrails and toe plates.
        The cover can be made such that It can serve
        as the platform. The handrails and toe plates
        would be around the perimeter.
   7.7 Observation  Hatches
       Above oil and effluent weirs.
   7.8 Heaters
        Submersion, electric heaters or steam colls can
        be specified  to prevent freezing as well as
        heating oil so it will flow. If unit Is to be above
        ground, field Installed Insulation will reduce
        power requirements.
    7.9 Basin Side-Wall Extensions
       To allow for direct burial and gravity flow.
   7.10 Automatic Sludge Withdrawal Module
       See Technical Bulletin 6201.
                                                 Page 2
-------
                   WATER LEVEL
             ADJUSTABLE BUCKET
             OIL WEIR
       EFFLUENT WEIR

     EFFLUENT TROUGH

            EFFLUENT/
         OUTLET PIPE

          OIL OUTLET
     EFFLUENT FROM
     WHICH OIL AND
    SOLIDS REMOVED


            SOLIDS
         SEPARATED
        IN CPI PACK
                                        SLUDGE OUTLET
                                            PIPE
OIL SEPARATED
IN CPI PACK
                                ^ *-OIL LAYER
                                      OIL/WATER
                                      INFLUENT
             WATER LEVEL
       FIGURE 1
Lancy's Standard Basin

       ADJUSTABLE BUCKET
       OIL WEIR
  EFFLUENT WEIR

EFFLUENT TROUGH

      EFFLUENT/
    OUTLET PIPE
     OIL OUTLET
    EFFLUENT
    COMPARTMENT
 SLUDGE
 COMPARTMENT
                                                                      OIL LAYER
                                         RECEIVING
                                         COMPARTMENT


                                          OILY WATER
                                          INFLUENT
                                           SAND TRAP
                                  FIGURE 2

                        Lancy's Standard S/S Design
                                     Page3
-------
                                                               FIGURE 3
                                                            CPI OPERATION
                           WATER LEVEL
ADJUSTABLE BUCKET
OIL WEIR
                  EFFLUENT WEIR

                EFFLUENT TROUGH'

                     EFFLUENT/^
                   OUTLET PIPE


                    OIL OUTLET"
                   EFFLUENT
                   COMPARTMENT
                 SLUDGE
                 COMPARTMENT
                                                                           OIL LAYER
                          COALESCING MEDIA
                             RECEIVING
                             COMPARTMENT


                              OILY WATER
                              INFLUENT
                                                                          SAND TRAP
                                            FIGURE 4
                                Laney's Standard CPS w/Coalescing Media
                         Alcoa Separations Technology, Inc.
                         Subsidiary of Aluminum Company of America
                         181 Thorn Hill Road
                         Warrendale,  Pennsylvania 15086-7527
                         Telephone (412) 772-0044  Fax (412) 772-1360  Telex 86-6259
                                        ALCOA
Fbfm No. SP8001-1085 10M
                                                                                             inU.SA
-------
Oil/Water Separation Equipment
GRAVITY SEPARATOR — Lancy Corrugated Plate Separators provide effective
high rate gravity separation of free oil and water mixtures, along with superior
solids handling capability. These units have no moving parts and require much
less space than conventional API Separators which are also supplied by Lancy.
The patented lamella type design applies one or more inclined corrugated plate
Interceptor packs mounted in a modular basin. The basins are usually constructed
of steel but can be supplied  In FRP or concrete.  Standard designs for both above
and below ground installation and for pressurized applications are available. Over
2,500 Lancy oil/water separators are In continuous heavy-duty use In such diverse
industries as oil production and refining, chemical and petrochemical production,
fertilizer manufacture, steel production, metal forming and fabrication, food
processing and electric utilities. They are ideal for processing surface run-off
from commerical and industrial parking lots and for oily water generated by
transportation servicing and maintenance facilities.

                         EMULSION BREAKING — Emulsion breaking is the most difficult and critical aspect of
                         effective separation of oily water mixtures. Recent treatability studies and development
                         work by Lancy have led to a better understanding of the mechanism and control of
                         emulsion treatment methods which  use polyelectrolytes. These advances show that the
                         common techniques of heating and coagulation can be minimized or eliminated, thus
                         simplifying the emulsion breaking step without creating a secondary contaminated
                         stream which would require additional treatment. This Improved treatment chemistry and
                         the associated controls are readily incorporated into standard Lancy equipment and
                         systems, and will generate separate free oil and water phases which can be easily
                         processed by conventional gravity separators, flotation units or media filters to generate
                         high quality effluent.

DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION — Lancy Dissolved Air Flotation Units combine
an Innovative, compact equipment design with a unique, low pressure air injection
device. This proprietary combination achieves a  2 to 5 times increase in rise rate
over competitive systems, and optimum control of bubble size and dispersion at
lower operating pressures (energy efficient) compared to the other pressure
let-down devices. The Lancy DAF unit thus improves the removal of oils, fats,
grease and suspended solids in less space. When used in conjunction with
Lancy's enhanced emulsion  breaking methods, it will produce a  high quality
effluent from difficult waste streams such as emulsified oils, dairy wastes and -
discharges from food processing, rendering or paint and varnish operations.

                                 RESIDUAL OIL FILTERS — Fluids containing low concentrations of finely
                                 suspended oils, particularly the overflow from gravity or chemical/mechanical
                                 separators, can be further  treated by gravity or pressure filtration to reduce oil
                                 content to levels as low as 2 ppm. To meet the need, Lancy provides a complete
                                 line of heavy duty, down-flow filters in treatment capacities  ranging from 10 to
                                 5,000 gpm complete with automatic polymer feed to enhance removal and
                                 improve backwash effectiveness. Other optional features include face piping,
                                 provision for air scour, pressure differential or time actuated backwash control
                                 and automatic valving to suit specific requirements.
ULTRAFILTERS —Ultrafiltration is a physical separation technique using pressure to
drive fluid through a special membrane. This technique is effective for removing and
concentrating colloidal dispersions or emulsified oils from water or other solvents. The
heart of the Lancy Ultrafilter is a unique, chemically stable inorganic membrane and
membrane support which permits operation over a wide range of pH and at elevated
process temperatures, making solution pre-cooling unnecessary. Because it is chemical-
ly stable and resists abrasion and compaction, this inorganic membrane can be easily
cleaned by strong acids, alkalis or solvents. Unit sizing is based on laboratory feasibility
trials to suit specific applications. Lancy Ultrafilters are particularly effective for continu-
ous removal of oils and greases from hot alkaline cleaners and  for recovery of ma-
chining lubricants and coolants.
                               Alcoa Separations Technology, Inc.
                               Subsidiary of Aluminum Company of America
                               181 Thorn Hill Road                                                   	
                               Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7527                               ALCOA

                               Telephone (412) 772-0044   Fax (412) 772-1360   Telex 86-6259
                                                                                              Printed in U.S.A.
-------
                                                     MR84-923
                    Ultrafiltration: A Turnkey System
                   abstract
                       Ultrafiltration has become an alternative to the chemical treat-
                       ment of soluble oil and alkaline wash water wastes. To gain the
                       maximum benefits of Ultrafiltration a complete turnkey system is
                       needed. This paper will discuss the basic components required
                       for such a system and why they are needed.
                   author
                      THOMAS P. TRIPEPI
                      Product Manager
                      Hyde Products, Incorporated
                      Westlake, Ohio
 1983

I ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
                   conference
                      Metalworking Coolants—A Practical Approach
                      March 27-29, 1984
                      Dearborn, Michigan
                   Index terms
                      Ultrafiltration
                      Waste Treatment
                      Oils
                      Turnkey Systems
Society of Manufacturing Engineers • One SME Drive • P.O. Box 930
      Dearborn, Michigan 48128 • Phone (313) 271-1500
-------
     The prosp'ects for ultrafiltration become ever increasingly
inevitable with the advent of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and the 1985 zero discharge goal.  There are
many different applications for ultrafiltration in todays
industry, but this discussion will be limited to soluble oils
and alkaline wash waters wastes.

     What is ultrafiltration?  Ultrafiltration is a semi-
permeable, pressure activated process which is capable of removing
emulsified oils and suspended solids from soluble oils and alka-
line wash waters.  Since the membrane is semi-permeable, emulsi-
fied oil and suspended solids are retained by the membrane
allowing only water and some dissolved low molecular weight
materials to pass through the membrane.  The emulsified oils and
suspended solids retained by the membrane are referred to as
concentrate and the water and dissolved solids which pass through
the membrane are referred to as permeate.

     The membrane itself is a thin film which acts like a filter
and has a pore size less than 0.005 microns.  The emulsified
oils and suspended solids are much larger than the pore openings
so the pores cannot become plugged.  The flow of the feed stream
is tangential (cross flow) to the surface of the membrane which
helps prevent solids from accumulating on the membrane.

     There are four basic ultrafiltration configurations, but
only two of them will be discussed in this paper.

TUBULAR MEMBRANE

     The membrane is cast onto the inside of the porous, fiber-
glass-reinforced epoxy support tube (see Fig. 1).  The support
tube is usually % to 1 inch in diameter and can vary in length.
The tube fits into a permeate collection shell and is sealed
at both ends of the support tube to completely isolate the
permeate from the oily process water.  This complete structure
is known as a module.

HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE

     The membrane is'"a self-supporting tube with a high density
surface (membrane) formed on a continuous porous substrate (see
Fig. 2).  The hollow fiber usually has an inside diameter of
0.020 to 0.045 inches and can vary in Length.  The fibers are
placed in a bundle and are-bonded together on each end and insert-
ed inside a permeate collecting shell and sealed at both ends.
The fiber and shell structure is known as a module.  Due to the
unique structure of the hollow fiber, it is the only ultrafiltra-
tion membrane that can withstand having a back pressure applied
to the membrane.
                              MR8A-923
-------
                                -2-
     And is also capable of  forward and reverse  flow  through
 the hollow fibers  (see Fig.  5).

     Currently, the main means of disposal of soluble oils and
 alkaline wash water, wastes is to have  them hauled away by
 licensed disposers which becomes more  expensive  day by day or
 by chemical treatment with such things as acids,  alum, polymers
 and flocculants (see Fig. 3).  Ultrafiltration has many advantages
 over todays conventional chemical treatment methods:

     1)  No need for technical people  to do laboratory testing
         for every batch to  be treated.

     2)  No hazardous chemicals to contend with.

     3)  Is not manpower intensive.

     4)  Low operating costs - no heat required, low  energy
         consumption.

     5)  Easy to operate.

     6)  Concentrate large quantities  of wastewater into smaller
         quantities (usually 95-99 percent reduction).

     7)  Allows the possibility of reusing premeate for coolant
         make-up or washwater make-up  (Remember  zero  discharge).

     8)  Modular construction, which takes up smaller amounts of
         floor space and allows for easy expansion by just adding
         more modules.

     The purpose of this paper is to give a fundamental and
practical explanation of what is needed for a turnkey ultrafiltra-
tion system.  It does not matter what type of ultrafiltration
module you have, whether it  is the hollow fiber .type  or the
tubular modules, certain basic equipment is needed:

     1)  Tanks                       5)  Filters

     2)  Pumps                 -     6)  Oil/Water Separators

     3)  Piping                      7)  Instrumentation

     4)  Free oil removal equipment  8)  Automatic Controls

     Anyone can purchase this type of  equipment, but  great care
must be taken to assure that the correct fluid dynamics, flow
rates,  instrumentation and control requirements  are provided
to assure that the maximum benefits, of ultrafiltration can be
realized.   It is important to have qualified people design the
system, so the user will not have to become an expert in ultra-
filtration just to get it to run properly with his existing tank-
age and wastestrearn.
                             MR84-923
-------
                               -3-


     There are for basic categories to a turnkey ultrafiltration
system:        ,   ...._..:-              ....:-;'-..:•'

     1)  Pretreatment5-       "  . "  3)  Post treatment
     *"  * c   , O T .
     2)  Processing"-"              4)  Cleaning

PRETREATMENT

     The first item needed for the system is an equalization
tank.  This acts as a collection point and also the pretreatment
tank.  The tank should provide the waste stream with enough
retention time to settle out solids, such as chips, grinding
swarf, dirt, sludges, shop rags and other miscellaneous items
which  find their way into machine sumps and wash tanks.  The
tank should also provide retention time to allow the free floating
oil  time to rise to the surface.

     This is the main collection tank so it is the ideal place
to start to control the bacteria levels.  One of the primary
reasons for the disposal of soluble oils is rancidity.  It is
in this tank that a biocide of some type should be used to
control bacteria, because if the bacteria is not controlled there
is a possiblity that it will grow on and/or in the pores of the
membrane thus blinding the membrane.

     The type of biocide chosen must first be compatible with the
membranes and second depend upon the type of post treatment that
has been chosen.  If a biological type post treatment has been
chosen, then careful consideration must be taken in the selection
of the biocide.  A fast acting, little or no residual effect
biocide should be used for this treatment so as not to kill the
bacteria in the bio-digestion plant.  If an activated carbon
filter or reverse osmosis is selected for post treatment, then
a biocide with some residual effect can be used.  As a matter of
fact,  some carry over of the biocide into the carbon filter or
reverse osmosis system can benefit the system by not allowing
bacteria to grow in either of these systems.

     A pH of the waste stream should also be monitored in this
tank.  With a washwater, the pH should pose no problem for the
membranes, since most membranes pH range is 2 to 13.  The pH of
most of the waste soluble oils are within this range, but as
bacteria grows the pH tends to move towards the acidic side.
Again, this poses no-threat to the membranes,  but the soluble
oils tend to separate better at a pH of 7 to 8.  So if the pH
is below this, it should be adjusted to the 7 to 8 range using
something like caustic soda, thus giving a better, cleaner
permeate.
                             MR84-923
-------
                                -4-
     This  tank can also  be  equipped with liquid level  controls
 depending  upon the amount of automation desired, by-the-user.  A
 high level,  low level  control can be  used to"'control the  supply
 pump to prevent the tank from overflowing and  to prevent  the
 supply pump  from running dry.

 PROCESSING

     There are several different types  of processing operations
 in  ultrafiltration.  These  operations are batch, topped off batch,
 feed and bleed batch or  continuous.  The two types we will
 discuss will be batch  and topped-off batch.

     The batch operation is the simplest of all  operating modes.
 It  has the least amount  of  instrumentation, takes up the most
 amount of  floor space  and has  the most  flexibility.  This system
 is  usually manually operated so it  requires the  greatest number
 of  man hours.   It requires  the largest  amount of hold-up time
 and thus has the biggest tanks.  The large hold-up time allows
 for the maximum microbial growth so the wastestrearn must be
 closely monitored for  microbial content.

     The basic principle of operation for a batch system is very
 simple.  The process tank is  filled with the waste s-tream.  Once
 filled, the  ultrafiltration unit is turned on.   The unit will
 run until  the  batch is completely concentrated.  Ultrafiltration
 usually reduces  the volume  of the waste stream by 95 to 99
 percent.   The  flux rate  of  the permeate starts out fairly high,
 but as the concentration of the feed increases the flux rate
 starts to  steadily decrease.

     The topped-off batch operation offers more  automation and
 instrumentation,  thus  the amount: of man hours required to operate
 the system is  lower than that  of the batch operation.  Some of
 the other  advantages it  offers are minimum tankage and lower hold
 up volume which,  in turn, lowers the chance of microbial growth.
 It has smaller tankage so it will take  less floor space.

     The basic principle of operation for a topped-off batch
 system is  to feed the  waste stream at a rate the same as  or
 greater than the rate  of permeate being generated or to let the
 system process no more than 10 percent  of the volume of the
process tank and top the tank  off with  10  percent new feed.
By constantly  topping"off the process tank, it keeps the concen-
 tration of the  feed relatively*low, thus  keeping the flux rates
higher than  those of the batch operation.
                             MR84-923
-------
                               -5-
                        •                               - -
     If the hollow fib'er membranes 'are b'eing used, then a mode
known as total recycle can be used,  (see Fig. 6).  Total
recycle can be carried out during processing without disrupting
flow to the tubes.  During this mode, the permeate valve is
closed which causes a back pressure in the outer shell.  Since
there is still flow through the hollow fiber membrane, permeate
is being generated in the lower half of the shell and being
forced (due to pressure in outer shell) back into the upper
half of the shell forcing particles back into the feed stream
where they are carried away back to the process tank.  The
closing of the valve also helps create a high shear condition
which helps to carry particles off the membrane walls.  Total
recycle is characteristic of hollow fiber membranes only due
to the fact that in a hollow fiber membrane the membrane is on
the inside of the fiber and the outside of the fiber is the
support structure,  (see Fig. 2).
                                                           •
     With either a batch system or topped-off batch system an
inlet tank is needed.  It is at this point that the waste
stream should be filtered as it enters the tank to remove
abrasive suspended solids which could harm the membrane.   The
free oil carried over from the collection tank should be removed.
This can be accomplished by a belt or rope skimmer or by a
porous media separator.  The mechanically dispersed oils  should
also be removed so they will not collect on the membrane during
processing.  This can be accomplished by coalescers,  centrifuges
or porous media separators.   By removing the free and mechanically
dispersed oils", the flux rate can be improved by 5 to 10  percent.

     After pretreatment in the inlet tank, the wastewater is
transferred to the process tank.  This can be done either by
gravity or with a supply pump.  From here the wastewater is
ready to be processed.

     The equalization, inlet and process tanks should all be
fitted with liquid level controls to prevent overflowing  of
the tanks and to protect the supply pumps and the ultrafiltration
process circulation pump from running dry.

     Both systems will also need certain instrumentation  and
controls (see Fig. 4):

     1)  In-line screening device-protects membranes  from solids
         which can fall into the tanks.
       •
     2)  Control valves-regulates pressure across the membranes.

     3)  Pressure gauges-monitors pressure of system.

     4)  Pressure switch-protects membranes against over
         pressurization.
                            MR8A-923
-------
                               -6-
     5)  Temperature gauge-monitors temperature of system. -

     6) 'Temperature gauge-protects membranes from high"  "T-  '
         temperature.        '             .."     '•-•:":•  ;";:   -••

     If hollow fiber membranes are being used, then additional
valves must be added to the  system (see Fig. 4).  One valve
would go on the permeate line to allow the permeate line to be
closed for the total recycle process.  Two valves would be needed
to direct the feed stream in  through the bottom of the membranes
(forward flow) or in through the top of the membrane (reverse
flow) (see Fig. 5).  The permeate valve and the two directional
valves can be operated manually or automatically depending upon
the degree of automation desired by the user.  For a(totally
automatic system, these valves could be put on timers or
controlled by a microprocessor to change flow and go into total
recycle at set time periods  to keep the flux rates running at
a higher rate for a greater  length of time.

POST TREATMENT

     It must be remembered that ultrafiltration is not an absolute
process.  Its membrane is semi-permeable so water and some
dissolved organic and inorganic materials will actively pass
through the membrane.  It will depend on the regulations of the
local sewer districts as to whether or not the permeate will be
acceptable, for sewer discharge.  The basic parameters of the
sewer district are usually based in 5 areas (see Fig. 8):

1)  Total Suspended Solids              4)  Chemical Oxygen Demand

2)  Oil and Grease (Freon Extractable)  5)  Biochemical Oxygen
                                            Demand
3)  Hydrocarbon Oil
                                        6)  Heavy Metals

     The permeate from soluble oil wastes usually contains such
inorganics as sodium, calcium, magnesium and chloride which
could be detrimental to coolants if reused.  For this reason,
it is usually not recommended for coolant make-up water,  but
rather should be disposed of.

     If further treatment is necessary, there are several
effective post treatment methods available:

     1)  Biological Treatment           3)  Ionic Resins

     2)  Activated Carbon               4)  Reverse Osmosis
                              MR84-923
-------
                                -7-


     The permeate of alkaline washwaters usually contains
detergents, surfactants and low molecular weight wetting agents
that are part of the washwaters. themselves.  Because of these
materials passing through"the membrane, the permeate is usually
reused for washwater make-up.- If the user chooses not to reuse
the water, it may be discharged to the sewer, but it may also
need some type of post treatment such as those listed above.

     The concentrate from ultrafiltration must also be dealt
with, but remember that the concentrate volume is only 1-5 percent
of the original wastewater volume.  The concentrate also ranges
from 40-60percent oil.  For example, if the original volume of
wastewater was 1000 gallons then the volume of concentrate is
10-50 gallons and of that it is 6-30 gallons of oil.  The
concentrate can be handled by several methods.

     1)  Contract hauler

     2)  Emulsion breaking

     3)  Incinerating in the plants boiler.

CLEANING

     There are several methods used for the cleaning of the
ultrafiltration systems:

     1)  Dispersing                3)  Mechanical (tubular only).
                                                           •
     2)  Solubilizing              4)  Total recycle and/or
                                       backflushing (hollow fibers
                                       only)

     When using any of these methods, the system should first
be completely flushed with clean water.  The mixture of oily
waste and water flushed from the piping can be  returned to the
process tank and processed with the next batch  of wastewater.  The
water used for the flushing and cleaning of the membranes  should
not be hard water (60 ppm or 3.5 grains/gallon  total hardness).
If the available water is hard, then deionized  water should be
considered for the cleaning of the membranes.

     1.  Dispersing Cleaning

         The dispersing cleaning method functions by breaking up
         the deposits in the membrane and dispersing them into
         colloidal sized particles, so they can be carried away
         by feed stream.  The most commonly used dispersants
         are detergents, and detergent cleaning is the most widely
         used cleaning method for oil/water ultrafiltration.
         It is also more effective at elevated  temperatures.
                             MR84-923
-------
                               -8-
     2)  Solubilizing Cleaning
    . . '"- The solubilizing method functions by using weak,.; :::. r
   '••    solutions of acids to chemically dissolve the deposits
       •  that foul the membrane.  Elevated temperatures are
         also used for this method for quicker, more effective
         cleaning.

     3)   Mechanical (tubular only)

         The mechanical cleaning method functions by using a
         brush or sponge balls to physically scrub the deposits
         off the membranes.  This method works most effectively
         when used in conjunction with the dispersant cleaning
         method.

     4)   Total Recycle and Backflush (hollow fiber only)

         The Total Recycle cleaning method was explained
         earlier.  Refer to the top of page 5.

         The backflushing cleaning method functions by pumping
         under pressure a permeate quality cleaning solution
         (permeate which has been stored in a separate tank)
         in the permeate shell (see Fig. 7).  Since there is
         no feed stream passing through the fiber, the pressure
         on the inside of the fiber is zero PSI and the permeate,
         which is under pressure, will enter the membrane from
         the outside.  This action will push the deposits off the
         membrane and into the hollow fiber and flush them to
         either the process tank or the drain.  Total recycle
         runs during the detergent cleaning may clean the
         membranes well enough to eliminate the need for back-
         flush cleaning.

     The equipment needed for the dispersing and solubilizing
cleaning methods are:

     1)   Cleaning solution holding tank.

     2)   Heaters to elevate temperature.

     3)   Connecting piping to connect the. tank with the ultra-
         filtration circulation processing pump.
                             MR84-923
-------
                               -9-
     The equipment needed for mechanical cleaning:

     1)  Brush                   -  3)-: Holding tank for cleaning
                                7  .-:  : solution, and sponge balls
     2)  Sponge balls
                                   4)  Connecting piping to
                                       connect the tank with the
                                       ultrafiltration circulation
                                       pump.  ;

     The equipment needed for total recycle:

     1)  Valve to close off permeate line.

     The equipment needed for backflushing:

     1)  Holding tank-collection tank to hold permeate.

     2)  Backflush pump-supply permeate and pressure.

     3)  Float control-protect pump from running dry.

     4)  Connecting piping-connect backflush pump to permeate
         shell outlet.

     The RCRA and zero discharge goals have created the need for
a waste treatment system that is capable of treating soluble
oil and alkaline wash water wastes, and produces an effluent
capable of being reused for make-up water or sewer discharge.
This need can be filled by ultrafiitration.   Ultrafiltration can
produce an effluent whose water quality remains consistent regard-
less of changes in the waste stream characteristics.   The
effluent, in most cases, is suitable for sewer discharge,  while
concentrating the waste stream volume to 1-5 percent of its
original volume.  The concentrate is 40-60 percent oil.

     To maximize the full potential of ultrafiltration, a turnkey
system (complete system) approach should be considered.  This
provides the user with an ultrafiltration system that does not
require the user to become an expert on ultrafiltration or a
systems engineer to designer specify the tankage,  piping,  controls
and instrumentation needed for a complete ultrafiltration system.

     The turnkey ultrafiltration system provides many features
and benefits:

     1)  Skid-Mounted; all tanks,  pumps, pre-filters, piping and
         instrumentation are skid-mounted for easy installation.

     2)  Complete Assembly;  the system (tanks, pumps and pre-
         filters) are pre-piped and all instrumentation is pre-
         wired ready for operation.
                             MR84-923
-------
                         -10-
3).  Controls;    All controls and instrumentation for the
    system is wired to one panel for easy monitoring of
    the system.
            • . -V
4)  Installation;  to install, just set the skid in place
    and hook-up the waste water supply pipe, electrical
    power to the panel and water for the cleaning of the
    ultrafiltration membranes.

5)  Expansion;  the system is a modular design which allows
    for easy expansion by installing additional ultrafiltra-
    tion modules to existing system or by adding additional
    skid-mounted systems.
                       MR8A-923
-------
                                   -11-
                            BIBLIOGRAPHY-
1.  "Ultrafiltration Handbook". Romicon, Inc. 1983

2.  Pinto, D. Steven. Ultrafiltration for Dewatering of Waste
    Emulsified Oils.  Paper

3.  Roberts. A. David.  Ultrafiltration for Waste Oil Reclamation.
    Paper from 1977 Technical Conference Water Pollution Control
    Association of Penn.

4.  Dhawn, G.K.  Treatment and Recovery of Emulsified Oil by
    Ultrafiltration"!Paper from 25th Ontario Industrial Waste
    Conference.June 1978.

5.  Hoffman, R. Carl.  Overview of Ultrafiltration for In-Process
    and Waste Latex Emulsions.Abcor,Inc.

6.  Waste Emulsion Disposal Systems.  Paper from Hyde Products, Inc.
    UK Division.

7.  Raymond, M. Dick.  Ultrafiltration for Oily Wastewater Treatment.
    Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.
                                 MR84-923
-------
                               -12-
WASTEWATER
   FEED. '
                              FIGURE 1
                     TUBULAR  MEMBRANE
                                        MEMBRANE
                                            FIBERGLASS-
                                            REINFORCED
                                              EPOXY   •
                                      '. .7.SUPPORT TUBE
                             .XX
                               ~"f^v"v^^'^"/-^'"^j *•"""""»
          CONCENTRATE
                    ><\\\\\x\\
                     •'...•'•'••  •.••'••.'
                     •    • i—i • •   •  • •   '•'...•
                     :••;.'J  l\ PERMEATE-;'.  '•
                         • 7**^. •' ' ' '  '.' •'
                             FIGURE 2

                  HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE
                       CONCENTRATE
          PERMEATE
PERMEATE
                                             SPONGY SUPPORT
                                                STRUCTURE

                                             THIN REJECTING
                                                  SKIN
                           FEED
                              MR84-923
-------
oo
V£)
N)
LJ
     8
Z
LJ
     QC
         CHEMICAL  TREATMENT  COST TO  ULTRA FILTRATION
            COST RATIO FOR SOLUBLE OIL WASTE WATERS
        1.2
        1.0
       0.8
        0.6
       0.2
         200
                                  ULTRAFILTRATION
                                                             I '..
              600
   1000       1400

WASTE WATER VOLUME, GAL/DAY
1800
                               FIGURE 3
-------
        IUUT
VO
K»
U>
         Tt-NM
         NCa SM
                1.1.1
                lfc?
                I.-?. 5
                1.-2.A
fi.\.\ PROCESS TiNK
                          SC CCMTROi.
?t(e PRESSURE QfcUQES
•2..1 PRtSSjRt SWlTCWtS CO?T^ON^\.)
2l£ T
?.!.<» Tt
                                                                          E:. 7.;. -2)
                                                 * CONTROL
                                        3 1.3 V/lkSH TkNM HEKTER
                                            NvtcRo PROCESSOR
                                                  6^A^A^BL
                                                                                      -*kn
                                                               FIGURE 4
-------
          -o-
 ULTRAFILTRATION  (FORWARD)

                      0 5 10 152025
                        l  I  l  I
                      0 5  10152025

                     PRESSURE PS I

ULTRAFILTRATION (REVERSE*)
                     0 5 10152025
                        i  i  i  i
                          l  I  I  T
                     0 5 10152025
                    PRESSURE PSI
        FIGURE 5
         MR8A-923
-------
        -16-
 RECYCLECFORWARD)
                  0 5 10152025
                       I I  I  I
                 INSIDE
                  FIBER
                         -FLUX
                   2±iJP FLOW
                 OUTSIDE
                   FIBER
                  FLUX-
                  I  I  I
                  0 5  101520^5
                 PRESSURE PS I
RECYCLE (REVERSE)
                  0 5 10152025
                  i  i  t  i  i
                  0 510152025
                 PRESSURE PS I
     FIGURE 6
       MR8A-923
-------
                                     -17-
                                    i  "=..
                             BACKFLUSH
                                              0 5 10 IS 20 25


FLUX
20AVG
fiP
INSIDE
FIBER
OUTSIDE
FIBER


                                             0 5 10 1520 25
                                             PRESSURE PSl
                                   FIGURE 7
TYPICBL RESULTS OF ULTRRFILTERED OILY W<WHItR VITM POST TREATMENT
TEST
OCMICn. OXYGEN OEHflNO
BIOOCMICRL OXYGEN DEMBNO
TOTBL SL5POOED SOLIDS
TOTRL OIL AND 6RERSE
I FREDN EXTRfORBLE )
HYDROCflRBON OIL
PtCHOL

pH
FEED
VRSTEVHTER
Ba.aes
6B.27B
7,SM
17.9*4
8.318
522
7 A
• B
PERMEBTE
11,125
6.54B
B
SB
43
IS

7.8
POST
TREHTMENT
. SB
17.3
B
2B
13
B.I

7.5
PERCENT
REDUCTION
99.9
99.9
IBB
99.8
99.8
99.9


                                   FIGURE 8
                                  MR84-923
-------
    WASTEWARRIOR

                 A Complete
               Turn-Key Fluid
          Management System
 WASTEWARRIOR is the acknowledged  economical, non-
 chemical way to significantly reduce the volume of oily
 wastewater for the metalworklng Industry. The Hyde system
 processes waste coolants, synthetics, alkaline washwater
 and other waste liquids to help meet the Resource Con-
 servation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements and state
 and local discharge regulations.               /
                              •Auxiliary Equipment-
                   HYDE-O-MATIC1MMl*clble Fluid
                   Proportion*tor to  an  automatic
                   device that Mead* mtodble fluid
                   concentrate* and water Into properly
                   mixed flnid*.

                   It to cully attached to existing
                   Mtodble Fluid  Recycling Station*.
                   Flow rate* are available from 4 to 14
                   GPM. They alao may be naed oa
                   central *y*tem* and a number of
                   other proven application*.
                   HYDE FILTRAFUGE.™ The
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                   ZOOOG's  depending on the  ap-
                   plication.  Downtime for chaageoat*
                   i* «n«n«m«i one to simplified dumping
                   procedure*. Semi to fully automatic
                   FUtrafuge* arc available If *olld*
                   HYDE  MISCIBLE  FLUID
                   RETURN PUMPS. Hyde offer* •
                   clean  aide* ..return  pump  for
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                   the machine*. A fell range of flow
                   rate* arc available.
                                                             HYDE DEIONIZERS an
                                                             mended when the dissolved mineral*
                                                             In the make-op water arc high enough
                                                             to shorten the  useful life of the
                                                             mladblc fluid. These product* utilize
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                                                             chemically pure water for coolant*,
                                                             waahwater and other solution*

                                                             A fun range  of dtionizer*  are
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                                                             to a powcrnil, ea*y to maneuver
                                                             vacuum filtration device which in-
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XHYDE
^f  ^al TVTV/^r^T T/^»T»g TaW
She* 1865
PRODUCTS INC
HIDE PRODUCTS, OC.
28045 Ranney Parkway
Cleveland, Ohio 44145
    (216) 871-4885
TLX 212568 HYDE UR
  FAX (216) 871-1143
ZOf-HTDB PRODUCTS, LTD.
87 Nielaoa Street
St. fVtha«<«i^^ Ontario, ^****^ifs.
UMBB9
(416)688-0848
HYDE PRODUCTS. IffC.
P.O. Box 781140
Houston, Texas 77878
(718)4984891


HTDEPRODUCTS
North Way, Walworth Industrial Estate
Andover, Hanta, England
SP108AZ
(0864)58811
Telex 477879
-------
                     HYDE WASTEWARRIOR CASE HISTORY

  A Pennsylvania Die Caster has found a way to reduce expensive waste
  disposal costs. The plant was having more than 6000 gallons of used die
  spray and other oily waste fluids hauled away every two or three months.
  Hauling and incineration costs, which had risen to more than $ 0.80/gallon,
  convinced managers that a better alternative was needed.

  Hyde Products, Inc. worked with the company to provide a means of
  reducing the total volume of waste fluid hauled while complying with
  local discharge regulations. The Hyde WASTEWARRIOR Turn-Key
  Ultrafiltration system  allows the company to separate water from their
  waste stream and reduce the total volume to be hauled by 95%. The water
  is then discharged to sewer through a Hyde Carbon Clarifier.

  The Hyde WASTEWARRIOR system automatically feeds its inlet
  compartment, drawing fluid through a Hyde floating skimmer in the waste
  fluid holding tank. Free floating oils and solids that accumulate  in the
  waste fluid are removed by the inlet bag filter and unique Hyde coalescing
  gravity separator. The system's Ultrafiltration module filters out clean
  water from the process fluid, returning the more concentrated oily
  solution to the process tank. The water effluent is further clarified with
  activated carbon before going to sewer.

  In the die casting process, the die spray, at a water dilution ratio of
  around 80:1, is sprayed onto the dies. Waxes in the fluid adhere to the dies
  to facilitate the release of the aluminum and zinc parts while excess fluid
  is carried off on the parts and drips from the machinery into collection
  troughs or directly onto the floor. Other plant oils and hydraulic fluids
  also end up in the waste which is vacuumed up or pumped to a waste fluid
  holding tank near the processing area.

  The Hyde WASTEWARRIOR has run nearly continuously to process the day to
  day wastes of the plant as well as some waste which had built up before
  start up of the Hyde Equipment.  Engineers responsible for operating the
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   HYDE
1865 PRODUCTS INC.  28045 Ranney PJavy. • deveJand. OH 441
-------
(HYDE
.5 PRODUCTS INC.
                            Wastewarrior
                            TUrnkey Fluid Management System


            y^
         .:-**>
                          The Total Solution to Wastewater
                          Problems - Extends Washwater
                          and Rinsewater Life, Reduces Oily
                          Wastewater up to 98%.

                           The Hyde Wastewarrior is a proven,
                          economical ultraf iltration system that
                          helps extend the life of washwaters and
                          rinsewaters in metalworking applica-
                          tions. The Wastewarrior also processes
                          waste coolants, washwaters, rinsewaters
                          and other waste liquids to help you meet
                          zero manifesting goals and comply with
                          federal RCRA requirements, as well as
                          state and local discharge regulations.
                           Everything you need for automatic
                          ultraf iltration is included with the
                          Wastewarrior. Each turnkey system is
                          designed for easy installation, quick
                          start-up and efficient operation. Hyde
                          backs every Wastewarrior with single-
                          source product responsibility, eliminating
                          your maintenance worries.
Features
• No hazardous chemicals required
• Highly efficient membrane module
• Turnkey system - fully assembled,
 tested and ready to install
• Standard modular systems will process
 from 350 to 6000 gallons per day,
 larger systems are available
• "Pre-treatment" and "Post-treatment"
 modules included
• Automatic cleaning cycle
• Microprocessor controlled for
 automatic operation

Benefits
• Prolongs life of washwaters and
 rinsewaters and improves effectiveness
 by controlling oil content
• Reduces cost of washwater detergents,
 heating and disposal
• Oily wastewater volume is reduced
 95% to 98%
• System effluent water can be
 discharged to sewer or reused
• May also be used for coolant recycling
• Simple automatic operation requires
 little attention and maintenance
• System payback typically 9 to 14
 months
-------
Wastewanior - The Proven
Ultrafiltration System
  The Wastewarrior is a versatile fluid
management system, proven in a variety
of "in plant" applications. It is designed
to separate emulsified oils from water as
the fluid passes through a unique mem-
brane module.
  Wastewarrior systems are available in
a range of capacities to meet most in-
dustrial requirements. They are equally
effective for coolants, washing solutions
and other mixtures where free and
emulsified oils and suspended solids
must be removed before discharge.

Simple, Efficient System
Operation
  The  Hyde Wastewarrior includes a
two compartment tank - the inlet side
for  the removal of solids and free oil,
and the process side for holding the
clarified liquid. A unique floating skim-
mer in  the inlet side assures surface
"pick up" of free floating tramp-oils and
any undesireable rag or cream layer. An
integral oil separator, which uses Hyde's
unique gravity/coalescence principle,
removes free floating and dispersed oils
from the influent mixture. The separated
oil is automatically discharged into a
suitable container The clarified waste-
water f tows from the separator by gravi-
ty into the process side.
  The process supply pump discharges
the  clarified liquid into the membrane
module, where clean water is separated
from the emulsion. The water
(permeate) is normally discharged by
gravity through a post-treatment module
to remove soluble organic materials and
color before discharging to sewer.
  The concentrated oily mixture is recir-
culated to the process side. A distinct ad-
vantage of the Wastewarrior system is
that the surface layer of the process side
liquid continually overflows to the inlet
side for further clarification. This feature
prevents the build-up of free oils.
Microprocessor Control
Automates Operation and
Minimizes Maintenance
  The Wastewarrior includes a
microprocessor controller that operates
the system automatically and minimizes
maintenance. The process and cleaning
cycle times can be pre-programmed to
your requirements.
  The system also includes automatic
protection features, and alarm to in-
dicate low level in the inlet and process
compartments, high temperature and
high pressure.
Turnkey System
  The Wastewarrior is supplied as a
compact skid mounted, turnkey system
and requires only electrical power, water
and drain connections and a container
for waste oil.
  All systems are constructed of high
grade materials, fully suitable for the
ultrafiltration process and for hostile
industrial environments. And all
Wastewarrior systems are modular to
allow for easy expansion by installing
additional modules on the basic system.
Visible  Results
                                        The various stages of effluent pro-
                                      duced by the Wastewarrior are
                                      graphically shown above.
                                      1.  Oily wastewater emulsion as received
                                         by the Wastewarrior
                                      2.  Free oil and suspended solids
                                         removed
                                      3.  Discharged tramp-oil
                                      4.  Permeate from the ultrafilter
                                      5.  Effluent after post-treatment suitable
                                         for sewer disposal.
 Applications

 MACHINING AND GRINDING - Water
 soluble coolant, cutting and grinding
 fluids, and lubricants used in machining
 operations.
 PRIMARY METALS - Rolling and draw-
 ing fluids used as lubricants and coolants
 for ferrous and non-ferrous operations.
 METAL FINISHING AND PLATING -
 Alkaline and acidic washwaters, rinse
 water, phosphatizing baths and other
 solutions containing emulsified oils.
 DIE CASTING - Water soluble mold
 release fluids and washwaters.
 STAMPING - Water soluble stamping
 fluids and washwaters.
 WASTE COLLECTION - Emulsified oily
 wastes collected by waste haulers.
 TRANSPORTATION - Oily waste
 discharge from tank car, truck and bus
 cleaning operations.
 GENERAL - Any process water or
 wastewater containing emulsified oils.
-------
      Permeate discharge
      to post-treatment
      module or sewer
Electrically
actuated valves
control direction of
flow automatically
  Membrane
  modules
                 Control valves
                 regulate flow
                 through
                 membranes
'Compact, skid
 mounted units are
 pre-piped and pre-
 wired, factory
 tested and shipped
 ready for
 installation
'In-line solids
removal device
                                                   High temperature/
                                                   high pressure/
                                                   low level
                                                   alarm provides
                                                   automatic
                                                   protection
                                                                                           Process feed pump
    Control panel
    includes micro-
    processor for
    trouble-free.
    automatic
    operation i
 Cleaning solution
 tank with heater
 for automatic
 cleaning
Tramp-oil separator
removes free
floating and
dispersed oils
                                   Liquid level floats,
                                   (not shown)
                                   automatically
                                   control operating
                                   levels
Separator supply
pump picks up free
oil and wastewater
through floating
skimmer (not
shown)
                                                                                           Inlet compartment
                                                                                             .Wastewater inlet
                                                     Solids pre-f ilter is
                                                     located within inlet
                                                     compartment
-------
Models & Specifications
Wastewarrior Systems
MODEL*
HWW1
HWW2
HWW4
HWW6
HWW8
HWW10
GALLONS
PER DAY
350-600
700-1200
1400-2400
2000-3600
2800-4800
3500-6000
LENGTH
90"
90"
90"
144"
144"
144"
WIDTH
78"
78"
78"
90"
90"
90"
               Results

SAMPLE"

WASTE
U.F.
POST-
TREATMENT

BOD

60,270
6540
17.3

COD

80,905
10,125
50

TOG

17,944
95
20
HYDRO
CARBON
OIL
8318
25
10

PHENOL

75
20
0.1

pH

7.8
7.8
7.5

LS.S.

7500
CIO
<10
                                              •Soluble oil metalworking coolant results shown in ppm
'Larger systems available
Hyde Laboratory Services
  Each Hyde Wastewarrior system is
designed for your particular application.
Hyde offers several types of membranes
and provides the laboratory services to
determine their compatibility with your
waste stream. Factors involved in
determining your requirements are:
Cbmpatibifity Test - A bench test is
conducted at the Hyde laboratory using
5 gallons of your wastewater to
determine which membrane is best
suited for your application. Hyde will
send you a permeate (water) sample and
laboratory report for your evaluation.
Recommendation - Once the
compatibility test is completed, Hyde
Products will provide you with a
proposal for the Wastewarrior best suited
for your needs.
Flow Diagram
 Inlet
Floating
Skimmer
e^^


-C
             Inlet lank  Separator
                     Supply
                     Pump
                          Tramp-CD
                          Separator
                                          Permeate
                               Tramp O3
 XHYDE
 See u5 PRODUCTS INC.
   HYDE PRODUCTS, INC.
   28045 Ranney Parkway
   Cleveland, OH 44145
   (216)871-4885
   TLX 212568
   FAX (216) 871-1143
-------
Page Ho.
03/15/90
COMPANY
                                                  FAST STSTEHS, INC.
                                               INDUSTRIAL SALES OFFICES

                                                   CONTACT
TELEPHONE
FAX
TELEX
ANSWERBACK
TERRITORY
HA6HA RESOURCES (UPS ADDRESS)
37 CHESTNUT STREET
HURRAY HILL NJ 07974
HARIX K.K.
KINURA ELDS.,  6-2-1 SHIHBASHI
HINATO-KU, TOKYO  10S JAPAN
MID-STATES ENGINEERED & EQUIPMENT COMPANY
8509 HID COUNTY INDUSTRIAL DRIVE
ST. LOUIS HO 63114 USA
HILLREP
3457 SOUTH 2830 EAST, P.O. BOX 9316
SALT LAKE CITY UT 84109
MODERN SUPPLY COHPANY
208 SOUTH LA SALLE STREET SUITE 683
CHICAGO IL 60604
MODERN SUPPLY COHPAHY
P.O. BOX 12127
ROANOKE VA 24023-2127
MODERN SUPPLY COHPANY
329 PAOLI HOODS
PAOLI PA 19301 USA
MODERN SUPPLY COMPANY (UPS ADDRESS)
1919 ANDREWS NORTHWEST
ROANOKE VA 24017
NORTHWEST POWER t PLANT EQUIPMENT COMPANY
SHIPPING ADDRESS - 2366 EASTLAKE E SUITE 234
SEATTLE HA 98102-0128
NORTHWEST POWER & PLANT EQUIPMENT COMPANY
HAILING ADDRESS - POST OFFICE BOX 12128
SEATTLE UA 98102-0128
                                                   ANTHONY HETZNER
                                                   SHOZO TAKEGUCHI
(201)464-2737
(201)464-2131
N/A
N/A

(03) 436-6371
Oil 81 3 434 8567
781-02427232
2427232 HARIX J

(314)423-3516
(314)427-7739
N/A
N/A

(801)486-8555
1(801)486-8555
N/A
N/A
                                                   JOHN B. BRAHAH, PAUL (312)726-3990
                                                   DAVID EDHONDS
                                                   RICHARD S. HILLER
                                                   CORDES
                                                   DAN UOOLDRIGE
                                                   HR. ED KRAEGEL
                                                   DAN HOOLDRIDGE
                                                   JOHN LEONARD
                                                   JOHN LEONARD
(312)726-4339
N/A
N/A

(703)366-1980
N/A
N/A
N/A

215-644-0352
N/A
N/A
N/A

(703)366-1980
N/A
N/A
N/A

(206)324-6880
(206)324-8331
N/A
N/A

(206)324-6880
(206)324-8331
N/A
N/A
NEW YORK, NEW
JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA
LICENSEE - JAPAN,
KOREA
MISSOURI, SOUTHERN
ILLINOIS
UTAH, SOUTHERN
IDAHO, WESTERH
WYOMING,
NORTHEASTERN NEVADA

U.S. RAILROAD
INDUSTRY
U.S. RAILROAD
INDUSTRY
U.S. RAILROAD
INDUSTRY
U.S. RAILROAD
INDUSTRY
WASHINGTON, OREGON,
ALASKA
 WASHINGTON,  OREGON,
 ALASKA
-------
                                                        SK-SERIES
                                             OIL/WATER
                                         SEPARATOR
                                                MODULES
   Break gray emulsions into clear
   water and black oil
   No additives required
  Simple to install and operate
  The only moving part is a centri-
  fugal pump
                                 INDUSTRIAL
   Upgrade existing separators
   Dewater oil collection tanks
  Recover wash solutions for reuse
                               r:r  MARINE
   Extremely compact bilge separator,
   hang it on a bulkhead
   The only certified separator which
   will break emulsions
  Use detergents and emulsifiers in
  the engine room -no problem!
  Fully certified
 INTRODUCTION
 PACE8 (Positive Accelerated Coalescence of Emul-
 sions) is the most advanced and economical
 method of treating wastewater containing
 emulsified oil. PACE converts gray emulsions Into
' black oil and clear water.
 PACE9 Separators provide exceptional perfor-
 mance at minimum cost. The patented process
 features state of the art effluent quality, lowest
 first cost and lowest cost of operation. The
 payback Is terrific.
 A complete PACE Separator incorporates a first
 stage coalescer plus a second stage Membrane
 separator. A PACE SK Module Is essentially the se-
 cond stage of a complete PACE Separator.
 In many situations, technical and cost factors point
to PACE as the ideal treatment process. Yet, a
complete skid-mounted system is not required.
The answer Is to use a PACE SK Module with an
existing tank or separator. This provides many of
PACE'S exclusive benefits and at even lower cost.
APPLICATIONS
• Effluent Polishing. With tightening of discharge
standards, many existing separators are unable to
meet the new requirements. There is no need to
replace this existing equipment. Add a PACE SK
Module to polish the effluent.
The water will be suitable for discharge despite the
tightest regulations. The oil stripped from the emul-
sions will be sent back to the existing separator for
collection and disposal.
The savings to the customer are considerable. The
existing equipment is retained and used efficiently,
and the SK Module can be added at minimum cost.
-------
* Wank Dewatering. A PACE Interface Detector can
 be installed in an existing collection tank, and a
 PACE SK Module will automatically dewater the
 tank.
 The water can be legally discharged, and the oil
 stripped from the emulsions will be returned to the
 tank.
 EXCLUSIVE BENEFITS OF THE PACE
 SK SEPARATOR MODULES
 PACE SK Modules offer significant performance
 benefits over batch processes, and at no additional
 cost to the user. These benefits are truly exclusive,
 as the process itself is patented.
   Batch systems direct the entire high volume
   feed and concentrate flows through the collec-
   tion tank. Since this can be ten times the
   throughput, the natural separating ability of this
   tank is either destroyed or is compromised.
   PACE maintains high cross-flow velocity through'
   the Membrane elements, but returns oil to the
   first stage in a relatively small  volume of liquid.
   This permits the first stage to remain an effi-
   cient gravity separator.
   Your existing tank or separator will .efficiently
   separate the oil which the PACE SK  Module
   strips from the emulsion.
   With PACE, and only with PAGE, the oil concen-
   tration applied to the membranes Is very low and
   is continuously regulated. This means lower
   fouling rates and longer periods between in-
   place washes of the Membrane.
:There are no hidden extras. The Module is com-
 plete and ready to run as  provided. The PACE
 Reservoir contains just the right volume of water
 required to wash the Membrane Element.
 • Simple. The only moving part is a centrifugal
 pump.
 • Versatile. Use the Module as a manual  system.
 This is Ideal for very low flows, and there  is no
 more economical way to break emulsions. Payback
 Is terrific.
 Add automatic control at  a later date If desired, or
 Install it in the first place to eliminate the need for
 operator attention.
 You can also add a PACE Oil Content Meter to
 monitor the effluent. If oil content exceeds a preset
 limit, this unit will energize a remote alarm or valve
 actuator.
 • Economical and Compact. The exclusive PACE
 process uses low cost and chemically resistant
 spiral Membrane elements. Look at the dimen-
 sions! These compact SK Modules take up very lit-
 tle of your valuable space.
 Buy only what you need. Even the skid  is  priced
 separately. If you prefer, you can  mount the module
 on a bracket or a tank bulkhead.
 • Quality. Low cost Is achieved through knowhow
 and patented technology. There is no compromise
 In quality.
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
SK-SERIES SEPARATOR MODULES
Process. PACE - Positive Accelerated Coalescence
of Emulsions, a patented process available only
through Smith & Loveless and its subsidiaries.
Operation. Emulsions are pumped across the sur-
face of the Membrane at high velocity and
moderate pressure. The Membrane passes water,
salts and detergents, but rejects oil.
The concentrated emulsion then passes through
the Reservoir, where excess oil is stripped and
discharged to a primary separator or collection
tank. The remainder is circulated back to the Pump
suction.
The system is self regulating. There are no adjust-
ments.
Wastewaters Treated. Any combination of mech-
anical emulsions and chemical emulsions following
a gross oil separation. Any  combination of petro-
leum oils up to a specific gravity of 0.94 (19
degrees API).
Certifications. U.S. Coast Guard, Canadian Depart-
ment of Transport, U.K. Department of Transport,
Norwegian Maritime Directorate, Danish Govern-
ment Ships Inspection Service, National Swedish
Administration of Shipping  and  Navigation, and
others per IMO Resolution A.393(X), "Recommenda-
tions on International Performance and Test
Specifications for Oily Water Separating  Equipment
and Oil Content Meters".
Tested in accordance with 46 CFR Part 162,
"Engineering Equipment; Design and Approval
Requirements for Oil Pollution Prevention Equip-
ment". Copies of the Test Report are available
upon request.
Electrical Equipment. As applicable, electrical
equipment is in full accordance with National Elec-
trical Code, U.S. Coast Guard Electrical Engineer-
ing Requirements and all major marine classifica-
tion societies.
   • Standard voltages are 208/230/460/575 VAC 3
   phase 60 Hz.
   • Standard motors are TEFC (IP55), marine or
   industrial duty as applicable.
   • Standard motor starters feature across the
   line starting, thermal overload protection, LVP as
   applicable  and a NEMA 4X (IP65) enclosure.
   • Standard cabling (for  assembled skid
   mounted Modules) is stranded copper, thermo-
   plastic insulated, protected by basket weave
   armor and secured to structure per the require-
   ments of the American Bureau of Shipping. All
   junction boxes and cable entrance plates are
   watertight.
Construction. Membrane Pressure Vessel and
Reservoir are welded steel  construction.
Piping. All piping is steel, schedule 40 minimum,
with flanges,  unions or vlctaulic couplings provided
as applicable for takedown.
Corrosion Protection. Assembly hardware and
threaded tank penetrations are stainless steel.  Ex-
terior surfaces of the Pressure Vessel, Reservoir
and flanged piping are grit  blasted to "white metal"
-------

   -^|;; 3^^.^                                                 ,@>^V     '
   SYSTEM  DIAGRAM
   1. INLET STRAINER • In many cases, your existing
   separator will efficiently remove solids from the
   oily emulsion. If not, we recommend an optional
   bag filter or scraper-strainer.
   2. PUMP • Close coupled to a TEFC electric motor.
   The pump provides pressure to discharge clean
   water through the Membrane and high cross-flow
   velocity to minimize Membrane fouling. Up to 15
   feet of suction lift is available If needed.
   3. MEMBRANE ELEMENT - Breaks the emulsion.
   Passes detergents, salts and water. Will not pass
   oil! Several standard Membrane configurations are
   available to meet your special needs. Enclosed In a
   welded steel pressure vessel.
   4. VISUAL FLOWMETER - A unique feature of
   PACE. The Flowmeter measures Membrane
throughput during run and also during wash. Sim-
ple, reliable and easy to read. You can visually
check the performance of the Module. You can also
check the progress of your wash!
5. THREE WAY VALVE - Diverts effluent to drain dur-
ing run, back to the pump suction during wash.
Continuous forward flow of water protects the
Membrane at all times.
6. RESERVOIR • Strips oil from the emulsion. Pro-
vides the correct volume of water required for in-
place washing of the Membrane.
                Convenient fill point for water
7. FILL FUNNEL
and detergent.
8. ORIFICE - All flows and pressures are regulated
by fixed orifices. There are no adjustments.
per SSPC 5 and coated to 8 mils DFT with
polyamide epoxy resin. Threaded piping and fittings.
are galvanized.
Quality Control. Each Membrane is subjected to
two leak tests, one before installation in the
Pressure Vessel and one just before shipment. No
oil leakage is permitted.
Each unit is subjected to a full power-on test prior
to shipment to verify the integrity of pipe connec-
tions and seals, and proper operation of the Pumo.
Maintenance.
   • As required - Clean Inlet and Y-stralners.
   • As required - Add detergent and allow system
  to wash excess oil from the Membrane.
   • As required - Add acid and allow system to
  wash accumulated mineral deposits from the
  Membrane.
   • Semiannually-lubricate pump motor bearings.
   • No other special maintenance Is required.
 STANDARD  EQUIPMENT
 Each PACE SK Module contains all equipment
 needed for operation and in-place washing of the
 Membrane. The equipment is preassembled into
 four subassemblies for ease of installation:
    • Pump Assembly. Iron body, bronze impeller
    pump, with stainless steel trim, mechanical seal,
    close coupled to 3500 RPM electric motor.
    • Pump Discharge Assembly. Y-strainer,
    associated valves, pressure and temperature
    gages.
    B Membrane Assembly. Membrane element in-
    stalled in pressure vessel, Reservoir, associated
    valves, flow regulating orifice and fill funnel.
    B Clean Water Discharge Assembly. Visual flow-
    meter and associated valves.
 The Inlet Strainer and Pump Motor Starter are
 shipped as separate items.
-------
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
   • Inlet scraper-strainer. Where solids loading is
   substantial, the standard inlet basket strainer
   would require excessive maintenance.
   • Bag filter. Also suitable for higher solids load-
   Ing. The finer filtration available with a bag filter
   can reduce the fouling rate of the Membrane and
   further extend the period between detergent
   washes of the Membrane.
   • Automatic control. The PACE Interface Detec-
   tor and a magnetic Pump Motor Starter permit
   automatic dewatering of an existing tank.
   • Oil Content Monitor. The PACE Oil Content
   Meter will sense the oil content of the effluent.
   Oil content is displayed directly In PPM. An inte-
   gral relay will energize if the  preset oil content is
   exceeded. Fully tested and approved under IMO
   Resolution A. 393(X) and 46 CFR Part 162.
   • Skid-mounting. The Module will be assembled,
   wired and tested on a structural steel skid at the
   factory before shipment. The skid will be fully
   welded, grit blasted and coated with epoxy resin
   as  specified above.

ADDITIONAL  INFORMATION
AVAILABLE
   • PACE S-Series Industrial Brochure. Contains
   additional technical data and service factors for
   Industrial  applications.              •       /
   • PACE SM-Serles Marine Brochure. Contains
   additional technical data and service factors for
   marine applications.
   • FAST Systems, Inc. Engineering Data. De-
   tailed engineering data covering all aspects of
   oil/water separation.
   • Special Computer Analysis by Customer Re-
   quest. Technical, cost and payback analysis of
   emulsion disposal and  washwater recovery.
FAST Systems, Inc. Formerly the Marine System
Division of St. Louis Ship, we are now a subsidiary
of Smith & Loveless. The FAST  name is known
worldwide for the performance,  reliability and dura-
bility of our equipment. To date, we have delivered
nearly 2,000 PACE Separators and FAST Sewage
Treatment Systems for marine, offshore and indus-
trial installations.
Smith & Loveless, Inc. The acknowledged leader in
wastewater treatment technology, the most capa-
ble and experienced firm in the  business.
Wastewater Specialists. The Smith & Loveless
family of companies offers you  the most extensive
array of wastewater treatment know-how and equip-
ment  in the world. Solving your  pollution problems
is our only business. We can help.
Call us and find out.
FAST SYSTEMS INC.
1717 Sublette Ave.
St. Louis, Mo. 63110
Phone: (314) 781-3278
Telex: 44-7224

 A subsidiary of
FAST SYSTEMS LTD.
305 Lakeshore Road East
Oakville, Ontario L6J 1J3
Phone: (416) 842-4640
Telex: 06-982422
                                          APPLICATION  DATA

                                 MODEL NO.
                                 INDUSTRIAL            SK-1    SK-2
                                 MARINE               SK-1M   SK-2M

                                 RATED CAPACITY
                                 FAST SYSTEMS (GPD)1
                                 USCG/IMO (GPM)1

                                 DIMENSIONS (IN.)>
                                 MEMBRANE MODULE
                                   LENGTH               62      70
                                   WIDTH                10      15
                                   HEIGHT      _        34      44
                                 PUMP
                                   LENGTH               24      26
                                   WIDTH                13      15
                                   HEIGHT               12      13

                                 SKIDDED ASSEMBLY
                                   LENGTH               67      75
                                   WIDTH                25      40
                                   HEIGHT               47      52

                                 WEIGHTS (LB)»
                                 MODULAR SYSTEM
                                   SHIPPING             300     550
                                   OPERATING           350     750

                                 SKIDDED ASSEMBLY
                                   SHIPPING             600    1200
                                 OPERATING             650    1400

                                 PIPING CONNECTIONS (PIPE SIZE)
                                   INLET                  1     11/»
                                   CLEAN WATER
                                     DISCHARGE         V4      >/4
                                   OIL RETURN            Vt      Vz

                                 MAX SUCTION LIFT
                                 (FIT                    15      15

                                 MOTOR
                                 HORSEPOWER*            3     7.5
                 SK-3
                SK-3M
200-800 1000-4000 2000-8000
  1.1     5.5       11
                   77
                   15
                   69

                   27
                   15
                   13


                   79
                   54
                   72
                  900
                 1300


                 1700
                 2050
                   1
                   J/4


                  15


                  10
                                 NOTES:

                                 1. Capacities are Identical to those of complete
                                 PACE Separators. Refer to the SERVICE FACTORS
                                 and other technical data In the PACE Industrial or
                                 Marine Brochures as applicable for actual selection
                                 of equipment.

                                 2. USCG/IMO rated capacity Is the flow at which
                                 the USCG/IMO certification test is run under labor-
                                 atory conditions using clean water and idealized
                                 simulated oil.

                                 3. Reference data only. Certified drawings are avail-
                                 able upon request. Consult factory.

                                 4. Flooded suction Is recommended.

                                 5. Motor horsepowers shown for 60 Hz power. Con-
                                 sult factory for 50 Hz motor data.
                                                                                                    ®
                                                                             SYSTEMS, IMC.
                                                                                  ©1987, Fast Systems, Inc. 1/B7
-------
SM-SERIES

OIL/WATER

SEPARATORS

The only marine separator
capable of treating
emulsified bilge slops
  Certified per IMO resolution
  A.393(X) by U.S.C.G, D.Q.T. and
  other government agencies.
  Breaks emulsions
  Produces oil-free water
  Hands-off failsafe operation
  Rugged marine equipment
  designed and built per U.S.C.G.
  and ABS engineering standards.
  Modular construction for ease of
  installation.

-------
                                                           SM-SERIES
                                                           OIL/WATER
                                                           SEPARATORS
PACE* (Positive Accelerated
Coalescence of Emulsions):
a patented advancement in oily water
separation technology. Unlike any other
oil/water separator available, PACE breaks true emulsions.
PACE converts grey emulsions into clear water and black oil. The water is
suitable for legal discharge, and the oil is concentrated to the point where it will
support combustion.
Fail-safe, PACE cannot discharge oil. PACE operates automatically; without
operator intervention, adjustments, chemical additives or disposable filter
elements.
PACE allows you to continue using high-efficiency emulsifying bilge cleaners
without the liability of violating worldwide oil-pollution laws. You can keep
machinery, bilges, work platforms and ladders clean, and reduce the risk of
bilge fires and injuries.
PACE was developed by the.same organization responsible for thousands of
FAST* Marine Sewage Treatment Systems. PACE meets the same exacting
standards of reliability and performance in shipboard service. This patented
system is the best oil/water separator in the world.
-------
J
FLOW DIAGRAM
1. INLET— Fitted with oversized basket strainer
to keep solids out of system. Check valve
prevents backflow to bilge collection tank when
oil is ejected. Piping is oversized to handle heavy
oils.
2. PRIMARY SEPARATOR—An efficient gravity
separator itself. Incorporates coalescing media to
separate free oil. Accumulates both free oil and oil
broken out of emulsions for automatic ejection.
3. INTERFACE SENSOR—Automatically
controls ejection of accumulated oil.
4. DRAIN—Drain Valve and flanged access
hatch are provided for washdown and
desludging, if ever required.
5. OIL DISCHARGE—Flanged connection for
piping either to a separate slop oil tank or back to
the bilge collection tank. Check valve prevents
backflow when system is drawing in wastewater.
Piping is oversized to handle heavy oils.
6. PUMP—Marine-duty centrifugal provides
suction to draw slops from the bilge collection
tank, and pressure to discharge clean water.
7. MEMBRANE—Breaks the emulsion. Passes
detergents, salts and water. Will not pass oil.
8. OVERBOARD DISCHARGE—Flowmeter
allows visual measurement of water being
discharged. Solenoid and Check Valves provide
automatic operation without backflow.
9. RESERVOIR—Recovers oil stripped from the
emulsion and returns it to the Primary Separator.
Provides the water volume required for periodic
in-place washing of the Membrane.
10. FUNNEL—Convenient fill point for addition
of detergent during in-place washing of the
Membrane.
11. AIR VENT—Automatically bleeds air during
draining and filling associated with in-place
washing.
12. WATER INLET—Solenoid Valve and
Pressure Reducing Valve control ejection of oil
accumulated in Primary Separator.
13. ENTRAINED AIR SENSOR—Liquid level
sensor detects vacuum leaks in piping. Indicator
lamp on Control Panel alerts personnel.
CONTROL PANEL—Marine-duty motor control
panel is mounted on Primary Separator tank.
-------
GENERAL

SPECIFICATIONS:
PACE MARINE

OIL/WATER SEPARATORS
General. Each system includes all machinery,
valves and controls necessary for automatic
operation, in-place washing of the Membrane,
filling and draining, and is comprised of three sub-
assemblies:
Inlet Sub-Assembly, including
• Simplex Basket Strainer, and
• Check valve.
Separator Sub-Assembly, including
• Primary Separator tank fitted with lifting lugs,
  structural mounting pads and inspection hatch,
• Membrane and Reservoir modules,
• Oil/water interface sensor,
• Entrained Air Alarm
• Oil discharge Check, Pump isolation and Drain
  Valves,
• Water inlet Pressure Reducing and Solenoid
  Valves,
• Clean water discharge Solenoid and Check
  Valves, Visual Flowmeter, and
• Motor control panel.
• All of the above fully piped, wired and mounted
  on the Primary Separator tank.
Pump Sub-Assembly, including
• Iron body bronze fitted pump, with mechanical
  seal, close-coupled to a marine-duty 3500
  RPM electric motor,
• Y-Strainer,
• Valved pumpout connection.
Wastewaters Treated. Any combination of salt
water, fresh water, free oils, mechanically-induced
emulsions and chemically-induced emulsions.
Any combination of petroleum oils up to a specific
gravity of 0.94 (19 degrees API), any viscosity
which will flow through the piping.
Certifications. U.S. Coast Guard, U.K.
Department of Transport, Norwegian Maritime
Directorate, Danish Government Ships Inspection
Service, National Swedish Administration of
Shipping and Navigation and others per I MO
Resolution A.393(X), "Recommendations on
International Performance and Test
Specifications for Oily Water Separating
Equipment and Oil Content Meters".
Design Standards. Equipment is designed and
constructed in accordance with the U.S. Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 46 Shipping,
Subchapter F (Mechanical Engineering) and
Subchapter J (Electrical Engineering).
Certification Test Results. Testing in
accordance with 46 CFR Part 162 "Engineering
Equipment; Design and Approval Requirements
for Oil Pollution Prevention Equipment",
conducted by a U.S. Coast Guard Designated
Testing Facility and witnessed by representatives
of the U.S. Coast Guard and the Canadian Water
Pollution Directorate resulted in the following oil
concentrations being measured in the water
discharge:
All numerical values listed in parts per million
(PPM).
Max. Oil Avg.Oil
Condition Content Content
Treating Heavy
Fuel Oil 	
Treating Light
Fuel Oil 	
Treating
Chemical
Emulsion 	
* ND means "Not
..ND*....ND*.
..ND*....ND*.
..6.50.... 1.00.
Detected!'
USCG/
IMO
Limits
...150
...15.0
...15.0

Copies of the Test Report are available
upon request
Rated Capacity. Several standard models are
available. Please refer to the Data Table for
capacities and physical dimensions.
-------
Operation. Suction generated by the Pump
draws fresh wastewater into the Primary
Separator where free oil is separated and
accumulated. Emulsions are unaffected by
gravity separation and pass on to the second
stage of treatment
These emulsions are pumped across the surface
of the Membrane at high velocity and moderate
pressure. The Membrane passes water, salts and
detergents, but rejects oil. The concentrated
emulsion then passes through the Reservoir,
where excess oil is stripped and returned to the
Primary Separator. The remainder is recirculated
back to the Pump suction.
The Primary Separator is full of liquid at all times.
As oil accumulates, the oil/water interface moves
lower. When this interface reaches the Interface
Sensor it triggers the oil-ejection cycle: the Pump
is turned off, the Overboard Discharge Solenoid
Valve closes and the Water Inlet Solenoid Valve
opens. Water under regulated line pressure
ejects the accumulated oil through the Oil
Discharge Check Valve fitted on the Primary
Separator.
Once a preset quantity of oil has been ejected,
the system resets for normal operation: the Pump
starts, the Water Inlet Solenoid Valve closes and
the Clean Water Discharge Solenoid Valve
opens.
The system operates automatically and is self-
regulating. There are no adjustments.
Electrical Equipment. Electrical equipment is in
full accordance with the requirements of major
classification societies.
• Standard voltages are 208,230/460/575 VAC,
  3 phase, 60 Hz.
• Standard motors are TEFC (IP55), marine duty,
  50 deg. C. ambient, with Class F insulation.
• Standard Controls feature across the line
  starting, overload protection for all three
  phases, line disconnect, 110 Volt control
  transformer and transformer type indicating
  lamps, all housed in an oil tight, dust tight,
   NEMA 4X (IP65) enclosure. A terminal strip
   and removable stainless steel cable entrance
   plate are provided for installation connections.
• Standard cabling is stranded copper,
   thermoplastic insulated, protected by basket
   weave armor and secured to the structure per
   ABS requirements. All junction boxes and
   cable entrance plates are watertight.
• Electrical Service Required—Please refer to
   Data Table for the motor horsepower rating for
   each model.
Construction. All welded steel construction,
ASTM A-36 steel with 1 /4 inch minimum
thickness. Tank penetrations are fully welded
both sides.
Piping. All steel piping is ASTM A-53 Gr. B
minimum, with flanges or unions provided for
takedown. All installation connections are 150 Ib.
rated raised face flanges per ASTM A-105.
Corrosion  Protection. Assembly hardware and
threaded tank nozzles are stainless steel. Primary
Separator interior and all exterior surfaces are grit
blasted to "white metal" per SSPC 5 and coated
to 10 mils DFT with polyamide epoxy resin.
Quality Control. Membrane elements and tanks
are separately tested for leaks. Coatings are
tested for holidays and pinholes. Each unit is
subjected to a full power-on test prior to shipment
to verify the integrity of pipe connections and
seals, proper operation of all machinery and
controls, and Membrane oil rejection.
Modes of Operation. Each standard PACE unit
is fully configured to operate automatically in any
of three modes:
• Manual: The operator manually starts and
   stops the system to pump down the bilges, or
   preferably a bilge collection tank. The system
   automatically produces clean water and ejects
   oil removed from the water to a separate slop
   oil tank.
-------
• Liquid Level Control: A liquid level sensor in
  the bilge collection tank automatically starts
  and stops the system to control the liquid level
  in the tank. The system automatically
  produces clean water and ejects oil removed
  from the water to a separate slop oil tank.
• Interface Control: An oil/water interface
  sensor in the bilge collection tank
  automatically starts and stops the system to
  dewater the tank. The system automatically
  produces clean water and ejects oil removed
  from the water to the same oil collection tank.
If oil with little or no water is collected, or if the
contents of the collection tank have already been
dewatered by the PACE system, the system will
not start

Maintenance.
• As required—Clean Inlet and Y-Strainers.
•  Monthly (or as experience dictates)—Add
   detergent and allow system to wash excess oil
  off the Membrane. Eject the accumulated
   paraffin, soap scum, etc. from the Primary
   Separator.
•  Semiannually—Lubricate pump motor
   bearings.
•  No other special maintenance" is required.

OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
•  Bilge collection tank sensing probes for either
   liquid level or interface control.
•  Machinery rated to operate at non standard
  voltages.
•  Explosion-proof electrical equipment
•  Duplex basket and self-cleaning scraper-type
   Inlet Strainers.
•  Remote Status Indicating Panel with press-to-
  test, transformer-type indicator lamps for
  power on, pump on, water on and entrained air.
•  U.S.C.G./IMO approved bilge alarm.
Consult your authorized PACE
Representative or FAST Systems for further
details.
PACE is the result of five years of research,
development and field testing by:
  FAST Systems, Inc. (formerly the Marine
  Systems Division of St. Louis Ship) —
  responsible for nearly 2,000 Marine and
  Offshore installations of its FAST sewage
  treatment systems, and bur new corporate
  parent:
  Smith & Loveless, Inc.the most capable and
  experienced firm in the business, the
  acknowledged leader in wastewater treatment
  technology.
Together, FAST Systems and Smith & Loveless
have produced:
  THE ONLY COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
  SEPARATOR CAPABLE OF SUCH
  PERFORMANCE, SIMPLICITY AND
  RELIABILITY IN REAL WORLD
  APPLICATIONS.
Together, FAST Systems and Smith & Loveless
offer you the most extensive array of wastewater
treatment technology, expertise, experience,
knowhow and equipment in the world.
In addition to Marine installations, PACE systems
are in everyday use for industrial wastewater
cleanup in the automotive, metals processing,
petrochemical, and railroad industries and in
utilities.
Request our PACE Industrial Brochure, and
contact us for further details.
-------
PACE APPLICATION DATA

STANDARD MARINE UNIT DIMENSIONS AND DATA
MODEL NO	S-1M	S-2M	S-3M	S-4M
FAST SYSTEMS RATED CAPACITY2
  M3/DAY	23	113	224	453
  GAL/DAY	800	4000	7900	16000
USCG/IMO RATED CAPACITY1
  MS/HOUR	0.25	1.25	2.5	5
  GPM	1.1	5.5	11	,22
DIMENSIONS (FT-IN)3
  SEPARATOR ASSEMBLY
    LENGTH	2*-6"	3'-2"	4'-2"	9'-4"
    WIDTH	1'-10"	3'-6"	4'-6"	5'-5"
    HEIGHT	5'-10"	6'-0"	6'-0"	6'-7"
  PUMP ASSEMBLY
    LENGTH	2'-10"	....3'-2"	3'-7"	N/A<
    WIDTH	0'-9"	0'-9"	1'-0"	N/A
    HEIGHT	V-8"	1'-11"	2'-0"	N/A
WEIGHTS (LB)3
  SHIPPING	900	1700	3000	4600
  OPERATING	1100	2500	4900	8200
PIPING CONNECTIONS (ANSI FLANGE SIZES)
  WASTEWATER INLET	1"	1-1/2"	2"	2-1/2"
  OIL DISCHARGE	1"	1-1/2"	2"	2-1/2"
  EJECTION WATER INLET	1/2"	3/4"	1"	1-1/4"
  CLEAN WATER  DISCHARGE	1/2"	3/4"	1"	1-1/4"
MAX SUCTION LIFT (FT)5	15'	15'	15'	15'
MAX OIL DISCHARGE HEAD (FT)6	30*	30*	....30'	30'
PUMP MOTOR HORSEPOWER7	3	7-1/2	10	15
NOTES:
1. USCG/IMO rated capacity is the flow at       3. Reference data only. Certified drawings are
which the USCG/IMO certification test is run     available upon request. Consult factory.
under laboratory conditions using clean         4 PACE Model S-4 incorporates Separator
water and an idealized simulated oil.  ,         Assembly and Pump Assembly on common
2. Ideal laboratory conditions are not likely to     steel skid.
be found aboard ship. FAST Systems rated      5 Flooded suction is recommended
capacities are based upon real bilge water,       wherever possible. Under shipboard
containing real fuel and lubricating oils,          vibration, piping leaks are always a problem,
grease, bilge cleaners, bacterial growths,        an(j vacuum leaks are hard to find and repair.
paint, dirt and trash.                        6 FQr oj| discharge heads greater than 30 py
FAST Systems rated capacities should         consult factory.
provide reasonable equipment selection in       ,.,,._          u    *  *>« • •
most applications. For extreme conditions of     7- Mo'or horsepowers shown for 60 Hz power
water temperature, suction lift and discharge     onlv-Consult factorVfor 50 Hz motor data-
lift, use the Service Factors listed on the
reverse side of this page.
-------
 SERVICE FACTORS

 PACE is a variable flow device. The throughput to
 be expected in service will depend upon two
 major factors:
   1. the total dynamic head the system must
     overcome (TDH SERVICE FACTOR), and
   2. the temperature of the wastewater
     (TEMPERATURE SERVICE FACTOR), and
 In order to select a unit for a specific application,
 you must first determine a value for each of these
 service factors using the tables provided below.
 TDH SERVICE FACTOR. As the total dynamic
 head (TDH) which the unit must overcome
 increases, the differential pressure available to
 force water through the Membrane decreases,
 and flow decreases accordingly. The total
 dynamic head (TDH) includes suction lift,
 discharge head and friction losses. To be
 conservative, the TDH should be calculated
 using the USCG/IMO rated capacity as the
 design flow.
TDH (FT)
0 	
10 	
20 	
30 	 • 	
40 	
50 	

TDH
SERVICE
FACTOR
	 1.00
	 1.09
	 1.21
	 1.35
	 1.53
	 1.76

TEMPERATURE SERVICE FACTOR. The
viscosity of water decreases as its temperature
increases. The pores of the Membrane are so tiny
that a decrease in the water's viscosity reduces
the Membrane's resistance to flow.
TEMPERATURE
90 .. - .194..
80
70....
60....
50....
40....
30. ..
20....
10 	

.176..
	 158..
	 140..
	 122..
	 	 104..
	 86..
	 68..
	 50..

SERVICE
FACTOR
	 0.53
	 0.58
	 0.65
	 0.73
	 0.83
	 0.97
	 1.18
	 1.48
	 1.99

Multiply the required flow in GPD times the TDH
SERVICE FACTOR times the WATER
TEMPERATURE SERVICE FACTOR to get the
corresponding nominal rating. Select the next
largest unit
EXAMPLE: Vessel in arctic service; required flow
350 GPD, 10 FT TDH, water temperature
approximately 68 degrees F. Size a standard unit
based upon the GPD calculated as follows:
         350X1.09X1.48 565 GPD
Select a PACE S-1 with nominal rated capacity of
800 GPD.
EXAMPLE: Same case, but vessel has deep
molded draft requiring a total lift of 50 FT TDH:
         350X1.76X1.48 912 GPD
which would exceed the capacity of a PACE S-1
and require a PACE S-2. In this case, it may be
more practical to select the smaller separator, and
reduce the effective head by installing a small
booster pump for overboard discharge of the
clean water.
,nc           _ SYSTEMS LTD.
305 Lakeshore Rd. E. Oakvllle. Ontario
        Canada L6J 1J3
  TEL (416)842-4640 TLX 06-982422
                              A Subsidiary of
                                  V • (314) 781-3278 • Telex: 44-7224
C 1986. FAST Systems. Inc.
                                                                                    1/86
-------
       HELI-SEP
      OILY WATER SEPARATOR
•-'ttl3g^^?&&&^*-4&&gl&>£ •> %fcXv3£i: >-
              WORLD
              WATER
             SYSTEMS
-------
UNIQUE  CONCEPT SAVES  MONEY
World Water Systems has combined
state of the art technology with decades
of practical experience in the design and
manufacture of marine equipment. The
result is the most effective, efficient oily
water separator available.
  We have employed a unique concept
called gravity assist separation that com-
pletely eliminates expensive filters and
coalescers. This exclusive design incor-
porates mechanical, rotating, coalescing
fibers and a stationary polishing pack
that scrubs the oil out of the water.
                           GEAR MOTOR

                              OIL LEVEL SENSOR
          SAMPLE VALVE



      OILY WATER INLET

 DUPLEX STRAINER


       \
                          OVERBOARD
       ROTATING
      SEPARATING
        FIBERS
                               FLOW DIAGRAM
                                shown \virh monitor
                            OILY WATER |



                           CLEAN WATER j



                        DIRECTION OF FLOW
       FOOT VALVE
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION: Oily bilge
water is drawn into the separator by the
automatic self-priming pump. This pump
is located on the outlet of the separator to
prevent the formation of a mechanical
emulsion. When the oily bilge water enters
the separator, it is directed toward the top
of the vessel. Some oil separates immedi-
ately due to the difference in specific
gravity and the reduced velocity.
  As the oily water is directed downward
in the helical flow path toward the pump
suction, the oil impinges on the slowly
rotating oleophylic separating fibers. The
oil is forced to gravitate to the top of the
separator. Any oil that escapes the
separation fibers is removed by the per-
manent polishing pack.
  After the separated oil accumulates to a
predetermined level, the oil sensor initiates
the oil discharge and cleaning cycle by
stopping the pump, closing the water
discharge valve and opening the sea
water inlet valve. This allows clean sea
water to flow in the reverse direction, up
through the polishing pack and the
separating fibers to clean them and
displace the accumulated oil.
-------
FEATURES OF THE HELI-SEP

• No expensive, messy filters to change
  and store
• Self-cleaning polishing pack never
  needs replacing

• All automatic operation
• Simple to operate
• Compact and easy to install
• Suction direct from bilge, no holding
  tank required
  All separation accomplished in one stage
  Reliable, rugged marine-duty components
  Lowest maintenance cost of any system
World Water Systems also offers an inter-
nationally-approved 15 PPM oil content
alarm, with overboard and recirculation
valves installed on the pre-wired sensor.
  The Heli-Sep has been thoroughly
tested and approved by the  United States
Coast Guard under the authority of 46
CFR 162.050-7 and according to
IMO Resolution A. 393 (X) by Dept. of
Transport (United Kingdom), Norwegian
Maritime Directorate, and the Netherlands
Shipping Institute.
Manufacturing facilities located in the
United States and Europe.
DIMENSIONS
MODEL

500
1000
2000
2500
5000
10000
CAPACITY

IWHR/QPM
.5/2.2
1/4.4
2/8.8
2.5/11
5/22
10/44
LENGTH

MM /IN
775/30.5
902/35.5
1168/46
1219/48
1422/56
1828/72
WIDTH

MM/IN
476/18.75
521 /20.5
762/30
864/34
1092/43
1270/50
HEIGHT

MM /IN
1168/46
1270/50
1575/62
.1651 /65
1829/72
1956/77
WEIGHT

KG/LBS
89/196
119.5/263
218/480
288/635
431 /950
731/16>0
INTERFACE CONNECTIONS
OILY
WATER IN
MM /IN
38/1.5
38/1.5
38/1.5
51/2
51/2
76/3
OIL OUT
MM /IN
25/1
25/1
25/1
25/1
25/1
51/2
SEA
WATER IN
MM/IN
13/.5
13/.5
13/.5
13/.5
13/.5
13/.5
WATER
OUT
MM /IN
13/.5
13/.5
25/1
25/1
25/1
31/1.25
MOTOR
HP
1/4
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
2
-------
 WORLD  WATER SYSTEMS
 Designers and manufacturers of equipment for the marine industry
 World Water Systems, Inc.
 P.O. Box 3427
 Justin, CA 92681 USA
 Telephone: (714) 641-2968    Telex: 551424     Fax: (714) 641 -1215
        w  w<
 Your Representative:
                                         ANTHONY'S INDUSTRIAL
                                             & MARINE SERVICES
                                                      (206) 783-0650
                                   4360 LEARY WAY N.W. 24 Hr. Ans. (206) 546-2174
                                   SEATTLE, WA 98107        FAX: 784-5492
10-88-5K
-------
      NOW. ..A SIMPLE,
       INEXPENSIVE AND
        EASY-TO-USE OIL
   CONTENT BILGE ALARM
  The Oil Content Bilge Alarm measures and displays
the amount of dispersed oil over a range of 0 to 100
p.p.m. in the flowing stream of cleaned water. The in-
strument consists of a Sensing Module and an Indicat-
ing/Control Module. Oil content of the cleaned bilge
water is continuously shown on a digital display on the
Indicating/Control Module. An adjustable alarm set-
point function, on which the allowable oil content level
is set, is located inside the Indicating/Control Module.
When the Sensing Module determines that the oil con-
tent exceeds the set-point value, a relay activates the
lights on the display panel of the Indicating/Control
Module. Green for "Overboard" changes to red for "Re-
circulate." Simultaneously, two sets of relay contacts
activate independent alarm and control circuits. When
the oil content in the effluent water is once more below
the set-point value, the above conditions are automa-
tically restored to normal.
  Piping for the Sensing Module may be arranged in
the outlet line of an Oil/Water Separator. Cleaned bilge
water flows through the module, past optical pressure


Meets requirements of
IMO Resolution A (393) (X)
  Quality products for science, medicine and industry.
                                              INSTRUMENTS
                                              Product Data Sheet
windows where the measurement is made. A prefo-
cussed incandescent light source provides a light
beam which passes through the bilge water. A detec-
tor, placed at an angle to the incident light beam,
measures light scattered by the dispersed oil in the
bilge water. An electrical output from the detector is
transmitted through a cable to the Indicating/Control
Module where it is processed and the measurement
displayed on the panel in p.p.m.
  The 21/z-digit display on the panel can indicate read-
ings up to 199; however, readings beyond 100 may not
be within specified accuracy. The "On/Off" switch for
input power to the Oil Content Bilge Alarm is also lo-
cated on the panel.
  This easy-to-install, easy-to-clean Oil Content Bilge
Alarm  is already highly proven in worldwide marine
use. Fully tested, and approved by the  U.S. Coast
Guard, the instrument provides control signals to re-
circulating valves when a preset oil content in bilge
water Is met.
        instruments
Division of
Shaban Manufacturing, Inc.
3052 Metro Parkway S.E.
Fort Myers, FL 33901-7539
Telephone: (813) 337-2116
Telex: (EASY LINK) #703-862
-------
CONSTRUCTION  MATERIALS
Sensing Module — Body: Cast Aluminum, Neo-
                 prene O-Ring  Seals, Borosili-
                 cate Pressure Windows
              — Internal  Components:  Incan-
                 descent  Lamp, Acetal Mount,
                 Threaded Terminal Connections,
                 Photo Diode Detector
Indicating/Control Module — Digital Display, Indi-
                         cating Lights,  Solid
                         State Electronics  in
                         Oil Tight J.I.C. (Joint
                         Industrial Council)
                         enclosure with holes
                         for 1/2" conduit
Interconnecting Cable — 15 ft., Multiconductor
                      Shielded


SPECIFICATIONS
Range: 0-100 p.p.m.
Recorder Output: 0-10 VDC Minimum  impedance
                500 ohms
Alarm Relay: Adjustable  set point, N.C. and N.O.
            contacts.  Loss  of  power  causes
            relay coil to de-energize  and close
            alarm contacts (failsafe)
Digital Display:  2Vz-digit. Shows  set-point value
               when "Alarm Set" switch is energized
Alarm Relay: Activates upon light source burnout,
            or  when optical windows become
            fouled
Calibration: Check switch provided
Sensing Module:  Threaded for 1" N.P.T. pipe (cus-
                tomer supplied)
Alarm Relay: 5 amps, 110 volts/2.5 amps, 220 volts,
            28 VDC, Resistive
Power: 110/220 volt, 50/60 Hz, 25 watts
Response Time: 5 seconds or less
Measured Material Flow Rate: 40 g.p.m. maximum
Measured Material Pressure Range: 0-60 p.s.i.
Operating Temperature: 0-50 "C
Operating Humidity: To 95%
Vibration: From 2 Hz to 13.2 Hz ±  1 mm amplitude.
         From 13.2 Hz to 80 Hz, with acceleration
         to7G
Rolling Angle: To 22.5°
Fused on both primary lines for short circuit protec-
tion
Voltage Regulator: Accommodates ± 15% voltage
                 variation
Amplifier P.C. Board: Has a plug-in connector and
                   is fastened to the  chassis
                   for rigidity.  It includes trim
                   pots, and  Alarm Set and
                   Calibration check switches
Power Supply P.C. Board: Includes test points, a
                       plug-in connector, and
                       is also fastened to the
                       chassis
Weight — Sensing Module: 6  Ibs., 11 oz.
       — Indicating Control Module: 19 Ibs.
Dimensions — Sensing Module: 6"  length  x 5"
             diameter
           — Indicating/Control  Module:  111/z"
             high x 6* wide x 10" deep
                    Meets requirements of IMO Resolution A (393) (X)
                     U.S. Coast Guard Approval  No. 162.050/3009/0
                          Approved By Canadian Coast Guard
               Approved By Danish Government  Ships Inspection Service
                          Approved By United Kingdom D.O.T.
                     Approved by Norwegian Maritime Directorate
         instruments
Division of
Shaban Manufacturing, Inc.
3052 Metro Parkway S.E.
Fort Myers, FL 339017539
Telephone: (813) 337-2116
Telex: (EASY LINK) #703-862
                                                          ANTHONY'S INDUSTRIAL
                                                              & MARINE SERVICES
                           (206) 783-0650
   4360 LEARY WAY N.W. 24 Hr. Ans. (206) 546-2174
   SEATTLE, WA 98107          FAX: 784-5492
-------
                        APPENDIX E
                        WASTE OIL
                           NOTE

Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this  report does not in any  way imply EPA or SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
                     DISPOSAL
                    SOLUTIONS
Waste Oi
m
-------
IPS   He.it  With  Waste  Oil
                Turbo Z Series Free Air Applications
                      CA120
                     * Heat disbursement
                       range 120,000 Btuhn>
                     * Recommended
                       for areas up to
                       4,000 sq. ft."
                     * Removable high temp
                       combustion board
                     CA200
                     * Heat disbursement
                       range 190,000 Btuh"'
                     * Recommended
                       for areas up to
                       8,000 sq. ft.121
                     * Removable high temp
                       combustion board and
                       refractory
                     CA260
                     * Heat disbursement
                       range 260,000 Btuhni
                     * Recommended
                      for areas up to
                      12,000 sq.ft.'21
                     * Removable high temp
                      combustion board and
                      refractory
For Your Service Area
The Industry Leader
  Since 1976, Lenan has been affiliated with the
pioneers in research and development of Waste
Oil Heating and Waste Disposal technology. More
Lanair Heaters are in use in the United States than
any other brand.
  Lanair Free Air Atomizing Space Heaters were
introduced in 1982. They were the first ceiling
hung, fully automatic, thermostatically controlled
Waste Oil Heaters available to the automotive and
industrial market place.
A Valuable Heating Fuel
  Waste oil is more valuable as a heating fuel than
in any other recyclable form. This virtually free
fuel has an average rating of 150,000 Btuh's per
gallon. This allows a Lanair Heater to pay for itself
in a surprisingly short period of time.
Profit Center
  Studies show that employees who are
comfortable work more efficiently. Your service
department is a profit center. Using wast" oil as
an energy source provides you with the
opportunity to save thousands of dollars in heat
bills, waste disposal costs and improved employee
efficiency.
Lanair Versatility
  Lanair Heaters burn used automotive oils as
primary fuels, providing supplemental heat for
work areas and reducing waste disposal costs.

Fuel consumption (GPH)
Electric (AC 60 Hz)
Electric draw (max amps)
Dimensions (H-W-L)
Weight Ibs.
Flue pipe I.D. (Class A)
Axial fan output CFM
CA120
.95
120V
14.0
40 x 30 x 46
280
6"
2800
CA200
1.28
120V
14.0
40 x 30 x 46
340
8"
2800
CA260
1.83
120V
14.8
40 x 30 x 65
415
8"
2800
                                                 LISTED
                                               WASTE OIL
                                           BURNING APPLIANCE
-------
     Save  Money  On  Heating  Costs
      -::  -o.;:!v..;;.-:                J                  .-"-r:-':&&™'-?--£t^-^' -
                    Turbo Z Series Ductable Applications
       •?                                              rr. .....,t },;,,,>,,,: - ..-:,:•:
For Your Office Area
  Lanair Ductable Heaters provide you with the
opportunity to also heat offices and other
ductable areas with inexpensive waste oil heat.
CD models will easily fit into your existing
ductwork. All heaters can be installed by any
licensed heating contractor.
  Lanair Free Air and Ductable models can be
installed as individual heating units or with a used
oil/workbench tank. All models are compatible
with all Lenan accessories. Standard accessories
supplied with each heater are a fuel supply pump,
filters, barometric damper and manometer.
                                             UL
                                           LISTED
                                                                            10 YEAR
                                                                        LIMITED Warranty
 CD 150
CD 310
* Heat disbursement
  range 150,000 Btuhm
* Ductable or free air
* Corrogated heavy duty
  heat exchanger
* Optional flue pipe	
  vent ports
* Heat disbursement
  range 310,000 Btuhni
* Ductable or free air
* Horizontal or vertical
  installation
* Corrogated heavy duty I
  heat exchanger
* Optional flue pipe
  vent ports
                                         CD 310
 Multi Fueled Central Furnace
 Heat with: Wood, Coal, Used Oil & Fuel Oil
  The perfect unit for solid fuel applications
 when there is a limited supply of used automotive
 oil for use as a primary fuel.
  This self-contained furnace can be installed in a
 furnace room and easily connects to existing
 ductwork. The unit automatically switches from
.solid to liquid fuels with dual thermostats.
  An auxiliary supply tank is provided in addition
 to standard Lanair accessories.
  Safety tested and listed by P.F.S. Corp.
                    MF150
                    * Heat disbursement
                      range 150,000 Btuhn"»
                    * Ductable or free air
                    * Lanair w.o. burner for
                      commercial use
                    * Len Cor 150 with
                      Becket fuel oil burner
                      for residential use

Fuel consumption (CPH)
Electric (AC 60 Hz)
Electric draw (max amps)
Dimensions (H-W-L)
Weight Ibs.
Flue pipe I.D. (Class A)
Blower output CFM
CD 150
1.07
120V
17.5
26 x 26 x 72
290
8"
1570
CD 310
2.21
120V
19.5
26 x 63 x 72
825
8"
3140
MF150
1.07
120V
14.0
58 x 25 x 53
650
8"
1450
-------
.*'.£
   Your Disposal Liability
•Site Waste Oil Disposal Solution
 Lenan Corporation Has The Solution
 To Your Waste Oil Disposal Problems
   Strict EPA Regulations and recent court
 decisions make you responsible for proper
 handling of your Waste Oil. This "cradle to grave"
 liability can  not be assigned to your waste hauler.
 A Lanair System will greatly reduce the costs and
 liabilities associated with Waste Oil Disposal.
 An EPA Solution
   All Lanair Heaters meet the EPA's Regulation 40
 CFR #266.41 of Nov. 29,1985, allowing the
 burning of on-site generated used automotive oil,
 for energy recovery, in used oil fired space
 heaters.
 A Code Solution
   Lanair Heaters meet N.F.P.A. #31 Sec. 1-10 &
 1-11 requirements regarding the use of crankcase
 oil as fuel.
 A Safe Solution
   Lanair Heaters are safety tested and listed by
 Underwriters Laboratory or PFS Corporation.
 A Lenan Solution
   Lanair Heaters carry a one year limited warranty
 on all replacement parts. CA and CD models carry
 an extended 10 year limited warranty on the
 combustion chamber/heat exchanger. All Lenan
 products must be installed in accordance with
 state and local codes.
 On-Site Disposal Solution
   Lenan's total system concept makes it cost
 effective to  collect, store and heat with used oil.
                                                   To Our  Customers
                                                    As we focus on environmental concerns for the
                                                   90's, Lenan Corp. has dedicated itself to providing
                                                   the automotive and industrial community with
                                                   products which satisfy environmental concerns
                                                   and provide waste disposal solutions.
                                                    Lenan has over 13 years experience in waste oil
                                                   heating technology and waste recycling products.
                                                   Our commitment to you our customer is to
                                                   provide the highest technology, quality products
                                                   and a commitment to customer service for the 90's.
                       Les Marzahl
                       President Lenan Corp.

                       People & Experience
                       Make The Difference
                       Committment to the Future
                         Dedicated to engineering and technological
                       leadership for the 90's.
                       National Distribution Network
                         Dedicated to customer service, our distributor^
                       have made Lanair the #1 Name in the Waste Oil  *
                       Heating Industry.
 0>Lanair Heaters are multi oil fueled and listed to burn used crankcase oil, used automatic transmission fluid, *1 & 2 fuel oil. Bluh and consumption
  varies with type of fuel,
 "'Varies with location, R-value and heat loss. Btu requirements for your facility should be established by a licensed heating contractor.
 (]|Btuh varies with type of fuel burned. Operation with wood varies with type and moisture content.
-------
                                                Retention Head Flame
                                                  Using Lenan's patented flame cone, our stable
                                                turbulating flame provides maximum combustion
                                                efficiency.
                                                Electronic Fuel Temperature Control
                                                  Air and fuel temperatures are controlled to + or
                                                - 3°F, by our advanced air-fuel pre-heat delivery
                                                system.
                      Turbo-Z Combustion Technology
                        Produces the Hottest Cleanest Burning,
                 Most Efficient Air Atomization Flame on the Market.
Two Stage Combustion Chamber
  Hi-temp refractory materials provide radiant
reflection for second stage afterburn.
 Dual side flow heat exchanger with removable
     access covers for easy maintenance.
Combustion Chamber Components
  Hi-Temp, Hi-Density materials, with stainless
steel rails, for maximum retention time and
combustion efficiency.
-------
Disposal Technologies For The 90's
          ?             On-Site  Waste Solvent Recycling
Hazardous Waste Problem?
Your On-Site Solution!
  Lenan Recyclit'" products are the answer to
your hazardous waste disposal problems. Used
paint thinners and solvents are classified us
hazardous waste...but, they are also recyclable.
The EPA encourages on-site recycling and that's
what Recyclit1" does for economical and
environmental benefits.
  It couldn't be easier to use! Simply pour in the
waste and turn Recyclit on. In just a few hours,
gallons of liquid waste are recycled into reusable
material. No other similar product can match the
SR 80's combination of safety, reliability, versatility
and technology.
                                        SR80
                                         * Two step operation
                                         * 1-8 gallon capacity
                                         * 5-8 hours full batch
                                          recycling time
                                         * Temp ranges to 370°F
                                         * Air cooled condenser
                                         * Direct heating element
                                         * 120 VAC 60 HZ power
                                         * All enclosed dust free
                                          electrical components
                                         * Optional disposable
                                          tank liner
                                         * Heavy duty casters
For a product brochure on Recyclit™ call Lenan or contact your Lenan dealer.
                                                         Before
                          TccSon Scrap  Tire Disposal
  TecSon Corporation, a sister company designs
and markets waste recycling equipment
manufactured by Lenan Corp.

  PMR Module 2000 recycles up to 550,000 scrap
tires per year. The destructive distillation process
converts properly sized rubber into synthetic
fuels for generating electricity or boiler fuels. The
rubber being processed does not come in direct
contact with the flame. The process is smokeless
and meets environmental air quality concerns.
                                        PMR 2000
                                        * Processes 100
                                          automobile tires per
                                          hour
                                        * Produces synthetic
                                          fuels
                                          OM.140,000 Btu/gal.
                                          Gas_1,080 Btu/cu. ft.
                                          Carbon 13.500 Btu
                                          perIb.
                                        * Continuous
                                          feed/clean process
                                        * Industrial computer
                                          controlled
For more information, contact TecSon toll free 800-356-9460, (Wl) 608-752-2176
LEiM/VN
CORPORATION
                              Call: 800-356-9424 • In Wisconsin 608-752-1601 • FAX 608-752-9994
                                                                                 
-------
Waste  Oils  &  Fuels  Recovery
               We cut our teeth on this piece of the business. We collect and
               recycle waste oils, lubricants and fuels. Radio-dispatched
           trucks respond to every emergency request promptly. Whether
           it's an emergency or a scheduled pickup, you will get the same
           great service.

                 • Vacuum trucks with fast recovery pumps for efficient
                  service
                 • Service for underground and above-ground tanks and
                  reservoirs
                 • Vacuum trucks from 650-gallon to 5,000-gallon
                  capacity
                 • Removal of oils, solids and sludges
                 • Tank cleaning and sludge buildup removal
                 • Salvaged fuels transported to EPA-approved
                  reprocessors and refiners, or to recognized and
                  approved TS&D facilities
   Spencer Environmental Services,  Inc.
                  Expertise at Work
    15770 South Beaver Glen Drive  Oregon City, Oregon 97045  (503) 632-7101
-------
Industrial Sump  & Drain  Basin  Service
                   Industry, restaurants, car washes, parking lot operators and
                   apartment managers rely on Spencer Environmental Services
                  for routine and emergency cleaning of sumps and drain basins.
                  Radio-dispatched vacuum trucks with fast-recovery pumps get
                  the job done right. Our equipment can work in hard-to-reach
                  locations inside your plant or warehouse.

                        • Vacuum tanker trucks in 650-gallon, 1,500-gallon,
                          2,000-gallon and 2,500-gallon capacities
                        • Hoist-mounted vacuum tanks
                        • Semi-solids, high-viscosity sludges and residues
                          removed
                        • Service for oil and water separators,  tri-accelerator
                          tanks, settling ponds, water recycling pits and
                          treatment plants
                        • Truck-mounted heavy-duty pressure water-wash for
                          basins, piping and components
           Spencer Environmental Services, Inc.
                              Reliability
            15770 South Beaver Glen Drive  Oregon City. Oregon 97045 (503) 632-7101
-------
Hazardous Waste  Specialists
             Society must dispose of hazardous wastes in a safe and
             responsible manner. At Spencer Environmental, we deliver
          hazardous wastes only to treatment, storage or disposal facilities
          approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S.
          Department of Transportation tank inspection certificates are on file
          for review, upon request.

                • All waste-handling equipment built to DOT
                  Transportation Specification MC 307 and MC 312
                  standards
                • Regulatory compliance and environmental safety
                  ensured
                • Lined vacuum tanker-trailers for hazardous waste
                  transport
                • Delivery only to EPA-approved TS&D facilities
                • Oregon P.U.C. No. FMC 4267 (Hazardous Wastes)
                • EPA Certification ORD-980836415
                • California Hazardous Waste Hauler No. 1154
   Spencer Environmental Services,  Inc.
             Versatility and Compliance
    15770 South Beaver Glen Drive  Oregon City, Oregon 97045  (503) 632-7101
-------
Bulk  Waste  Collection  & Transport
                  State of the art roll-on roll-off containers are used to safely move
                  your bulk solid wastes to landfills or approved TS&D
               facilities. We are also certified by the Oregon Public Utility
               Commission to transport bulk liquid wastes, asbestos, solids and
               sludges.

                     • Roll-on/Roll-off technology
                     • 5,000-gallon tanker for hauling bulk liquid wastes
                     • Oregon PUC Certification No. FMC 4267 for
                       hazardous waste
                     • Approved for asbestos transport and disposal
        Spencer Environmental Services, Inc.
                 Stabilization and Compliance
         15770 South Beaver Glen Drive  Oregon City. Oregon 97045  (503) 632-7101
-------
NORTHERN

INSTRUMENTS CORP.
|680 N. HIGHWAY 49. LINO LAKES. MINNESOTA 55014
HONE 612/784-1250         TELEX 290-431

                               &^^r%'?rv^v^'-iv->:3^---r>-'<*'':-^'•:-::•£•?{ t'm&'i--*. :. •.'-' -••

                                                          \m
-------
^i;«3=IBMte'^;W3S!
    3BBT

                                                  Foreword
Northern Instruments Corporation is a
manufacturer of unique, proprietary sensing
instruments which have evolved from the
Corporation's efforts to develop useful
products from the chemistry of organic
materials. The sensor in the LUBRI-SENSOR
owes its accuracy and sensitivity to this
developmental work.

Oil is subjected to high temperature and
extreme pressures during engine operation.
An atmosphere conducive to oxidation is
usually present in the crankcase. A variety
of contaminants enter the oil system. While
some contaminants are inert, others are
chemically active or cause  undesirable
chemical reactions. The physical and electro-
chemical properties of the oil  change during*
use and it is this change that is important  1
and affects the lubricating capability of the of
For this reason an analysis  of the new
(unused) and used oil should be conducted
frequently to determine their relative
conditions. This is ascertained by evaluating
the changes in physical and electro-chemic^,
properties. The interpretation of these
changes, as they affect engine performance^
is of fundamental significance. One important
and primary electro-chemical property of oil
is its DIELECTRIC CONSTANT.

LUBRI-SENSOR detects, measures and
indicates the TOTAL EFFECT of contaminati-
on the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of oil.
Contamination is usually caused by oil oxida^
tion, water, acids, antifreeze, metal particles
or fuel. Thus, LUBRI-SENSOR makes it
possible to determine when oil is still usable
permitting longer intervals between changes.
Even more importantly, overhauls can be
postponed by detection of impending lubri-
cation or mechanical failure.

Further, the sensor and operating range of the
LUBRI-SENSOR has been designed to dealr
specifically with fhe current move to longer
drain intervals, resulting from  engine and
filter refinements, and the increasing use of,
synthetic oils.
-------

              • V";?
General Information
   1. There are hundreds of oils on the market
     processed for specific lubrication purposes.
     The dielectric constant of these oils can vary
     between brands and types. This need not have
     anything to do with the quality of a particular
     oil processed for a specific purpose—it simply
     means that different types of oil additives,
     or their lack, will result in dielectric constant
     variations in oil.

     For this reason  leading users of oil recommend
     that the interpretation of an analysis is,  in part,
     a comparison between the properties of the
     unused oil and the properties of the used oil.
     To accommodate this, LUBRI-SENSOR  has
     been designed to be calibrated quickly and
     easily to a zero reference with the same brand
     and type of oil in an unused state as the used
     oil to  be tested.

   2. As the sensor is sensitive to moisture, do not
     operate LUBRI-SENSOR in rain, snow or fog.

   3. If LUBRI-SENSOR is subjected to significant
     temperature changes (for example, from 45°F.
     to 75°F.) then recalibrate the instrument as
     close as possible  to the extremes of the range.

   4. Always clean the  sensor cavity thoroughly.
     Ideally the cleaned sensor will be dry to the
     touch. However, synthetic oils often leave
     a tenacious film behind. We recommend using
     SENSOR KLEEN for best  results.

   5. The electronic circuit in LUBRI-SENSOR will
     cease operation when the battery voltage falls
     to 5.0 volts. While voltage fall-off will not affect
     the instrument's relative accuracy (readings
     will still be directly proportional to the change in
     the oil's dielectric constant), the pointer on
     the Deviation Meter will deflect less and less as
     this happens. We  suggest battery replacement
     after  approximately 1,000 tests.

   6. LUBRI-SENSOR is as ruggedly constructed as it
     can be and remain the sensitive instrument it is;
     however, please treat it with reasonable care.
Principles of Operation
   This section has been included for those
   interested in the design theory of LUBRI-SENSOF
   It is not necessary to completely understand
   this section to operate the instrument.

THE Oil SENSOR	

   If you look at the bottom of the sensor cavity
   under magnification you will see two metal leads
   spiraling in from the outer edge to the center
   of the sensor. Each lead acts as a capacitor p!at<
   with the oil sample acting as the capacitor
   dielectric. This planar design maximizes skin
   capacitance measurements as opposed to only
   bulk capacitance, thereby providing for greater
   sensitivity to contaminants.

THE CIRCUIT	

   LUBRl-SENSOR's circuit is a specially adapted
   capacitance bridge operating at a frequency of
   5 Megahertz. It contains two parallel resonating
   legs;  the sensor leg and the measuring leg.
   When the meter is at zero, the legs are neutral-
   izing  one another. A meter deviation means
   that a capacitance value has changed and one
   leg is overpowering the other.

DIELECTRIC  CONSTANT OF OIL	

   The dielectric constant of a substance is its abilit
   to transfer electrical energy as compared with
   a vacuum.  In oil systems this value is dependent
   upon the base oil plus additives or contami-
   nants present.

   As oil breaks down, peroxides, acids and other
   radicals are formed on the oil molecule.
   These cause the molecule to become somewhat
   polar (positively charged on one end, negative or
   the other). As the number of polarized molecules
   increases, the dielectric constant of the oil
   mixture increases. At the same time, the lubri-
   cating quality of the oil decreases in the same
   proportions.

   Metal particles and other highly conductive
   contaminants change the plate area to gap widtf
   ratio  of the sensor, thereby causing a dramatic
   increase in the capacitance value. They have
   an extreme effect on LUBRl-SENSOR's readings
   when they  are present.
-------
Operating Features
  DEVIATION METER
  Visually indicates dielec-
  tric changes (+) or (-)
  in oil test sample, as
  compared to calibration
  oil sample.
  METER ADJUSTMENT
  Screwdriver adjustment to zero ru
  pointer with instrument "OFF."  j
  Remove snap-on cap for access;

• CALIBRATION KNOB         ,
  Knob adjustment to zero Deviatid
 " Meter pointer with calibration oil1
  sample in oil sensor cavity.

• PANEL SCREWS
  Remove screws for access to 9 vol
  battery.
• OPERATE SWITCH
  Operates instrument
  when pressed and held
  down.

• DEVIATION SCALE
  Allows for numerical
  values to be assigned to
  dielectric increases in a
  test oil sample.

• DEVIATION
  CONTROL KNOB
  Clockwise rotation
  returns pointer of
  Deviation Meter to zero
  from (+) deviation.
  Black line on knob skirt
  points to value of
  dielectric increase.
  OIL SENSOR
  Oil to be calibrated or
  tested is placed in oil
  sensor cavity.
-------
       . -••

Operating Instructions
   As with any sensitive instrument, LUBRI-SENSOR's
   accuracy is a function of the operator's technique.
   Careful and continued adherence to the few
   simple directions below will provide the operator
   with the technique necessary to insure depend-
   able operation and accuracy.

   The instructions are broken down into categories;
   CALIBRATION, setting the unit to a zero reference
   with the same brand and type of oil in an unused
   state as the used oil to be tested, and TESTING,
   measuring and assigning a numerical value to
   the change in the used oil's dielectric.

Calibration

   1. Wipe Oil Sensor cavity carefully and thoroughly
     with clean, dry tissue. Preferably use
     SENSOR KLEEN.

   2. Set black line on Deviation Control Knob skirt
     to "0" on Deviation Scale.

   3. Fill oil sensor cavity with new oil of the same
     make and grade as the oil to be tested.

   4. Press and  hold down the Operate Switch
     and zero the Deviation Meter by turning the
     Calibration Knob either a clockwise or
     counter-clockwise direction. Release the
     Operating Button.

   5. Again thoroughly clean the Oil Sensor cavity.
     The instrument is now calibrated and ready for
     testing  used oil.  It is good practice to recheck
     calibration dajly and to periodically recheck
     during extensive testing.


-------
                             •'•>-•-••*
Operating Instructions
Testing
   1. Always start with a clean Oil Sensor cavity and
     the black line on the Deviation Control Knob
     at "0" on Deviation Scale.

   2. Fill Oil Sensor cavity with test oil sample.
     For best results obtain sample with
     "SAMPULLER" from warm engine that has
     been operated within the last 5 minutes.

   3. Press and hold down the Operate Switch for
     approximately 15 seconds and observe the
     Deviation Meter pointer.

     a. If the pointer comes to rest in the positive
        ( +) zone of the Deviation Meter, turn the
        Deviation Control Knob and rezero the
        meter. The oil is in a Group 1 condition and
        the reading on the Deviation Scale should
       - be noted.

     b. If the pointer cannot be  rezeroed with the
        Deviation Control Knob the oil can be
        considered to be severely contaminated.

   4. Repush the Operate Switch after 30 seconds
     to detect abnormal contaminants.

     a. If the pointer has drifted off zero and
        continues to drift positively after being
        zeroed once again, the oil is in a Group 2
        condition.

     b. For a negative deviation the meter cannot be
        zeroed and the oil is in a Group  3 condition.

   5. Clean the Oil Sensor cavity and proceed to
        the next test sample. If the test indicated
        the oil was in a Group 2 or 3 condition
        extra care should be taken in cleaning the
        sensor before further testing. (Use
        SENSOR KLEEN.)

        See the following section, Interpretation  Of
        Test  Results to determine and understand
        the type of contamination present.
             ^—"NORMAL CONTAMINANTS" i?^«
          meter' ca'n be .zeroed.from a positive deviation |J<

•r^r^:GROUP 2—"ABNORMAL CONTAMINANTS"
•,-/;;-". The meter pointer can be rezeroed momentarily frdiu
.S*.^r a positive deviation but then drifts in a positive •/';'-


                                                                            .
                                                            ii GROUP. S^'ABN.dRMAtCONTAMINANTSIL
                                               i" a,-
                                                                 %.-.±~*:^..c>^
                                                               -a-*-:.^-— ^:-,1^. -'.-a -,-.	-'- " •--
-------

Interpretation Off Test Results
   The LUBRI-SENSOR measures oil quality by
   sensing a property of the oil called the dielectric
   constant. The dielectric constant increases or
   decreases in proportion to the relative concen-
   trations of the contaminants present in the
   oil system. The following table lists the typical
   lubricating oil contaminants and their effect
   upon the dielectric constant.

Oxidation
Sludg*
Dirt
Full Soot
Acids
Water
Ant'rfreeii
Matal Particles
Gasoline
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•
Water and antifreeze traces cause the needle
of the Deviation Meter to drift persistently off
"zero:1 In some instances the entire Deviation
Scale can be used up. When present in greater
than trace amounts the needle will peg
immediately.

Metal particles can cause LUBRI-SENSOR to
react somewhat as with water or antifreeze
although the needle movement can be more
erratic and "jerky" as the particles settle to the
bottom of the Oil Sensor cavity. It is in order
to observe these types or reactions that we
request the Operate Switch to be held down a
second time after 30 seconds into the test.

GROUP 3 contaminant causes a decrease in
the dielectric constant. This effect is caused by
the dilution of oil by gasoline, and because it
is opposite from the other group, makes the
contaminant identifiable from those of the other
two groups. The deviation is slight with petroleur
oils and pronounced with synthetic or para-
synthetic oils.
   GROUP 1 contaminants cause the dielectric
   constant to increase moderately. Oxidation and
   acids build up with engine running time and
   are the primary degradation products in engine
   lubricating oils and thus are considered
   as Normal Contaminants. The other Group 1
   contaminants are or are not present depending
   on the lubricating syste'm.

   GROUP 2 contaminants cause an extreme
   dielectric constant increase as compared with
   GROUP 1 contaminants. These contaminants are
   readily identified as  their effects overpower
   moderate dielectric  increases and/or decreases.
-------
Recording of Results
   A systematic recording system for LUBRI-
   SENSOR data allows the user to take maximum
   advantage of the instrument. We recommend
   the use of a log and/or graph system of the type
   depicted below:

   The graph  system is particularly valuable in
   that it highlights  minor variations in engine oil
   performance.

   A. Most  lubricating applications will show a
   straight line correlation between mileage
   (or running hours) and the LUBRI-SENSOR
   reading, although the  slope of the line will not
   always be  the same when an engine uses
   different makes  of the same type of oil. This can
   be attributed to better grades of oil which
   oxidize more slowly than lesser grades because
   of the additives and inhibitors present.
   On the other hand, a bank of similar engines
   might treat the same make and grade of
   lubricating oil differently depending on the
   particular "health" of each engine.

   B. The selection of a safe rejection point is a
   function of operating conditions and oil type.
   It has been our customer experience with
   correlated laboratory tests that a safe rejection
   threshold for the standard petroleum based
   multi-viscosity engine oils is "4" on LUBRI-
   SENSOR's Deviation Scale. However,
   to determine if this point best fits your particular
   operating condition and oil type, we recommend
   coordination with laboratory tests of samples
   tested on LUBRI-SENSOR.

   User tests on synthetic oils have indicated that
   one can expect  a safe rejection threshold
   between 7.5 to 8.5 on the Deviation Scale.
          1M  2 VI  3M   AM   5 VI  6VI  7M  S'g

                  OIL MILEAGE
Suggested Safe
Rejection Threshold
For Standard
Petroleum Based Oils
Suggested Thr<
For Synthetics
-------
Recording of Results
  C. Remember that each time new oil is added,
  the Deviation Scale reading will show a lower,
  improved reading in proportion to the amount of
  oil added. Thus the amount of new oil added
  between readings should be known and consi-
  dered in LUBRI-SENSOR readings.

  D. Slope changes, either (+) or (-) indicate
  something unexpected has taken place in the
  lubrication system and should be investigated by
  chemical analysis. For example, if new oil was
  not added between readings and LUBRI-SENSOR
  shows an unexpected low reading, fuel dilution
  is to be suspected.

  Or, oil filter or air cleaner clogging can result in
  rapid increases in the dielectric.

  Following an oil change, especially with
  detergent oils, LUBRI-SENSOR readings may be
  slightly negative for the first approximately
  500 miles. Thereafter they will begin to climb in
  a positive direction. This can be attributed to
  action of the additives in the new oil.

Other Uses      	

  While the most visible application for LUBRI-
  SENSOR is engine lubricating oils, there are a
  number of other applications where the unit
  could be a help in determining oil quality.
  Other lubricating applications are: Industrial
  Machinery, Refrigeration Systems, Transmission
  and Gear Cases. LUBRI-SENSOR is also
  effective for non-lubricating applications such
  as cooling oils and quenching oils.

Maintenance	__

  LUBRI-SENSOR requires very little maintenance.
  Thorough cleaning of the sensor after testing is,
  of course, a must. If oil is spilled on the
  instrument's face, it should be wiped off promptly.
  Should the instrument be dropped or bumped
  hard, it is advisable to re-check the calibration.
Warranty and Service
   LUBRI-SENSOR is warranted against defects in
   materials and workmanship for a period of one
   year from date of purchase. All service on LUBRI-
   SENSOR will be performed at the factory.
2M SM 4M EM  6M  ?M  SM

  OIL MILEAGE
  OIL MILEAGE
                                                                              3M 4M &M 6M  7W

                                                                             OIL MILEAGE
-------

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LIMITED WARRANTY
NORTHERN INSTRUMENTS CORPORA-
TION, hereafter referred to as
NORTHERN, warrants that LUBRI-
SENSOR will be free from defects in parts
and workmanship for a period of one
year from date of purchase — when used
as instructed in the manual furnished with
the instrument. This warranty does not
extend to instruments which have been
subjected to misuse, neglect, or accident.
Any attempt to make any adjustments not
covered in the manual will void the
warranty.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL
'OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
PURPOSE, ANTICIPATED PROFITS. LOSS
OF TIME, CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
OR OTHER LOSSES INCURRED BY THE
USER IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE
OF THIS INSTRUMENT.
NORTHERN'S liability under this warranty
shall be limited to the repair or replace-
ment of any part or parts thereof which
proves, upon NORTHERN'S examination,
to be defective within the one year
warranty period from date of purchase.
After the one year warranty period, any
repairs to the instrument will be charged
to the user on the basis of the cost of
components and labor required. Repairs
are warranted for a 30 day period.
NORTHERN reserves the right to make
changes in the design or construction of
this instrument at anytime, without incur-
ring any obligation to make any change
whatever to units previously sold or
delivered.
All service will be performed at the
factory. Instruments requiring service
must be carefully packed and shipped
prepa d to the address noted on
back cover.
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                                                          na uu is useo. us pnysicai ana electro-     „
                                                          chemical properties change in direct propor-
                                                          tion to the type and amount of contamination
                                                          present. A property change indicates a
                                                          change in the lubricating capability of the
                                                          oil. For this reason, it is important to analyze
                                                          frequently the properties of used oil in
                                                          relation to unused oil of the same type. One
                                                          important electrochemical property of oil is
                                                          its dielectric constant.
                                                          "LUBRI-SENSOR" Oil Quality Analyzer, is a
                                                          portable, low-cost, battery operated electron-
                                                          ic instrument, which accurately detects,
                                                          measures and indicates the total effect of
                                                          contamination on the dielectric constant of
                                                          oil. Contamination is usually caused by oil
                                                          oxidation, water, acids, etc.
                                                          Thus, "LUBRI-SENSOR" makes it possible to
                                                          determine when oil is still usable, permitting
                                                          longer intervals between changes. Both oil
                                                          and labor costs can be controlled more
                                                          easily. Even more important, costly overhauls
                                                          can be postponed by detection of impending
                                                          lubrication or mechanical failure.
                                                         All this information is available in seconds.
                                                         without sending ?• Tiples elsewhere for   •
                                                         analysis. And "LUBRI-SENSOR" gives top
                                                         performance, even with new synthetic oils.
              SIMPLE,  FAST, PORTABLE
              TESTS TRUE OIL QUALITY
              Now... an instrument to analyze the true quality of lubri-
 cating  oils,  quickly, on-site!  Helps  you  get  maximum  use from
 lubricants,  engines and  equipment...  safely  extend  intervals
 between oil  drains... improve  preventive maintenance  programs...
 immediate detection of impending major mechanical failure.

"LUBRI-SENSOR" BENEFITS
• Helps get maximum use or mileage out of oil. •  Provides advance warning of potential lubrication failure by
detecting excessive oxidation buildup or fuel dilution. • Provides advance warning of potential mechanical failure."
Cuts "down time" by suggesting action that postpones the need for costly overhauls. •  Used as screening test limits
nurnber>f>il
"LUBRI-SENSOR" APPLICATIONS
•  GASOLINE/DIESEL ENGINES
   Heavy Equipment, Motorized Equipment.
   Trucks. Aircraft, Boats, Buses.
•  TRANSMISSIONS
   Trains, Boats, Manufacturing Equipment,
   fan/7 Movers, Bulldozers.
•  COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
   Compressor Lubricants. Commercial Refrig-
   erator and Freezer Units, Air Conditioners.
•  HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
   Detection of Low Levels of Water
   Contamination in Hydraulic Systems.
ORDERING INFORMATION
MODEL NUMBER DESCRIPTION
NI-2B
•LUBF^SENSOR Oil Quality Analyzer
ACCESSORIES
Samgullcr
Senior Klecn
Carrying Case
Oil Samwer 6 II. long x V32 in. rjameter. Ttllon tuM.
suction type.
Nan FlammaoM. No ResiOue Cleaner lot Sensor.
Semoves til traces ol aeverery cantimnaied oil
samples I'om Sensor. 3 oz. & 16 oz. sizes.
Case with Foam Insens. Ho«3s NI-ZB. Sensor Kleen. Oil
Samp* Bottles and Samouiier.
                             LubrieScnsor
                                OIL QUALITY ANALYZER
                                    MODEL NI-2B
-------
       PETROLEUM/HAZARDOUS  WASTE MINIMIZATION
                  THROUGH  SUPERIOR FILTRATION
            .  1  i !  i    ,,,..-.
     .  SOLVENT/FUEUANTIFREEZE •;
     1  MODEL A-D<  I i  I     ;'..••«£
       HYDRAULIC/OIL! MODEL ^A-H-O
       ACID/THINNER MODEL C-P
       MOBILE FILTRATION SYSTEMS
Applications

    GASOLINE
   KEROSENE
  DEISEL FUEL
    SOLVENT
  ACID/THINNER
  ANTIFREEZE
   MOTOR OIL
  HYDRAULIC OIL
  INSULATING OIL
TRANSFORMER OIL
TURBINE LUBE OIL
  SYNTHETIC OIL
    GEAR OIL
  CUTTING OIL
  MINERAL OIL
     WATER
                                                 MODEL A-l & B-l
                                                  OIL FILTERS
                                                  MODEL A&B
                                                  FUEL FILTERS
                                                   MODEL D
                                                  AIR FILTERS
                                                  MODEL E HP
                                                  OIL FILTERS
                                                  MODEL N1-2B
                                                 LUBRI-SENSOR
       CASH'S FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY
       340 EAST 76th AVE.
       ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 9]?518
       (907) 349-7649
.
                           Operation, parts, specifications and service data.
-------
    MODEL B1-10
    FUELS/OILS
     MODEL A
FILTER ON GUNK TANK
-------
       MODEL A-D
SOLVENT/FUEL/ANTIFREEZE
     MODEL A-H-O
     HYDRAULIC/OIL
-------
   MODEL A-1
ON SNOW BROOM
 MODEL A-1 AND
   MODEL A
  ON DREDGE
-------
    MODEL A-1
     ON 690 B
   JOHN DEERE
    MODEL A-1
ON D-7 CATERPILLAR
-------
                                                                           EW
CHANGE INSTRUCTIONS (Fuel)

 I. CLOSE Input & Output valves
 2. Remove lid (pic. 1)
 3. Grasp washer (handle) and slowly lift element
    assembly from filter.
 4. Hold guide positioning plate with two middle
    fingers inserted into center tube  (pic. 3)
5.  Grasp washer (handle) and remove Holddown
    assembly (pic. 3)
 6. Remove top guide positioning plate (pic. 4).
 7. Remove old roll (pic.  5).
 8. Replace new roll (pic. 5).
    NOTE! New roll  must be  quality 6* OD
           papertowel such as Bounty.
 9. Press top guide positioning plate in place and
    replace holddown assembly (pic. 6).
10. Slide element assembly back into filter hous-
    ing.
11. Open draincock and drain contamiants.  _
f2~. Ctose draincocfc
13. Slowly fill with clean fuel.
    NOTE! Depending on amount drained from
           draincock. refill will be  I '/$ to 2 gal-
           lons. It takes 5 to 7 minutes for affair
           bubbles to escape new roll.
14. Replace lid and hand  tighten only.
IS. Open Input & Output valves.
16. Start engine and insure operation.
    NOTE! If vacuum guagc still has a high read-
           ing check condition of engine filters
           and /or  remove  and  clean  baffle
           assembly in bottom of filter housing.
TO REMOVE BAFFLE ASSEMBLY:
  Repeat Steps 1, 2 and 5.
  Reach down into filter housing and grasp baffle
  assembly washer under rubber washer. Slowly
  lift out of filter housing. Clean with air or con-
  ventional shop solvents. Insure rubber sealing,
  washer is replaced on top of baffle assembly in
  filter housing.
  Repeat steps 10 thru  16.
     CHANGE INSTRUCTIONS (Oil)
      1.
      2.
      3.
      4.
   CLOSE Input  valve  (if engine  running).
   Remove lid (pic. 1).
   OPEN draincock on bottom.
   Grasp washer (handle) and slowly lift element
   assembly from filter.
   CLOSE draincock.
6. Hold guide positioning plate with two middle
	fingers inserted! into center tubeJpic^S).
         wasneTinandie) and remove WraaoWf
      5.
         assembly (pic. 3).
      8. Remove top positioning guide plate (pic. 4).
      9. Remove old roll (pic. 5).
     10. Replace new roll (pic. 5).
         NOTE!  New roll must be quality  6"  OD
                 papertowel such as Bounty.       •
     11. Press top guide positioning plate in place and
         replace holddown assembly (pic. 6).
     12. Slide element assembly back into filter hous-
         ing.
     13. Replace lid and handtighten only.
     14. Start engine. OPEN Input valve (if closed;.
         After approximately 5 minutes (if oil is hot)i
         filter will be full.
     15. Add approximately 1 gallon make-up oil for
         filter change.
-------
                                                        Most Model A-1 & Model B-1  parts are the same.
               PARTS LIST A-1 &  B-1
                          A &  B
 PARTS  #
ITEM
QTY
                               DESCRIPTION
GC1405
GC1406
GC1407
GC1408
GC1409
GC1410
GC1411
GC1412
GC1413
GC1414
GC1415
GC1416
GC1417
GC1418
GC1419
GC1420
.GC1.42JL.
1
2
. 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
fel°'n
11
:&:.:
•>.«.•: 13 .
14
if.-*-
15
16
-••-,17.—
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
-: -1
2
2
4
• .1
1
2
.-I-:.
T-Handle
O-Ring
Lid
Lock Ring
Gasket
Hold Down Nut
Plate
Plate Model
B-1 SB.;
Canister
Mount Plate
Mount Straps/
-Strap Bolts
Plate Bolts
Baffle Model ASB
Baffle Tool
Sealing Washer
' .^* A fleHs— •*• '«^ S* • J-Q CJbjr *«. %>""•• ^*-
                                                   4

                                                   5
                                          NOTE: Hose and fittings must be purchased
                                        separately due to wide variety in mounting possibilities.
                                                                             LID ASSEMBLY
                                               •LOCK RING

                                               GASKET
                                                   6   HOLD-DOWN NUT


                                                   7   TOP PLATE


                                                    -   TOWEL FILTER TUBE



                                                   8   CENTER PLATE

                                                       Model B-1


                                                   7   BOTTOM PLATE
                                                   '*.. .-



                                                   9   CANISTER



                                               	£0,—V40UNT PLATE'



                                                    '   MOUNT STRAPS
                                                  12
                                                       STRAP BOLTS
NOTE:  ALL  PARTS  ARE  INTERCHANGEABLE
       FROM THE OIL MODEL  A-1  &  B-1
       TO THE FUEL MODELS  A&B  EXCEPT
       THE  BAFFLE ASSY.
                                    13   PLATE BOLTS
-------
       Most Modal A  A Model B  parts an the lama.
       NOTE: HOM tod fittings must be purchased
     •eparately due to wida variety In mounting powibllitie*.
                               LID ASSEMBLY
6   HOLD-DOWN NUT


7   TOP PLATE	
                                                            BAFFUE REMOVAL TOOL
                                                               (MOOa B ONLY)
      TOWEL FILTER TUBE
8   CENTER PLATE
      (2) Model B
  7    BOTTOM PLATF
 9   CANISTER
                                                                                    Witter
                                                                        —     *- Sailing WM*MT
10   MOUNT PLATE
11    MOUNT STRAPS
                                                                                            14
                                                                    \   /
                                                                                     1 -7.
                                                                     BOTTOM ROLL
                                                                    (MOOaiONLY)
-------
                                              FUEL
WHY SPEND YOUR DOLLARS ON FILTERS THAT WERE DESIGNED FOR THE PROBLEMS
OF THE PAST? INSTALL A GCF PAPER TOWEL FUEL FILTER/WATER SEPARATOR AND
VIRTUALLY ELIMINATE  DOWNTIME  AND  INJECTOR PROBLEMS  DUE TO  TODAY'S
HEAVILY CONTAMINATED FUEL.
 The Problem:
 Contaminated FUEL (Diesel or Gasoline)


 The Causes:
Storage, condensation,  transfer  operations,  sloppy
maintenance procedures,  chemical reactions, and other
causes.


 The Result:
Damaged storage tanks, fuel  tanks, filters,  injector
pumps, injectors, and finally, DOWNTIME.


 The Solution:
Install a GCF Fuel Filter (single, double, or in banks or
2 or more singles or doubles, depending on volume
desired.)


Advantages:
 1. First, and foremost,  IT WORKS. The GCF Fuel
Filter is positively the .best buy on the market today. It is
simple to install, even more simple to service.
2. The elements are available at more locations than all
other Fuel Filter elements combined.* (How many times
have you run out of filter elements after the parts houses
have closed?)
3. Conventional filter elements (Primary and/or secon-
dary filters presently on your engine) will last indefinite-"
ly when the GCF Fuel Filter element is serviced at neces-
sary intervals (at the  first  loss of RPM or an increase of
3-5" above clean filter  reading  on vacuum gauge).
Clean filter reading on vacuum gauge ideally should be
0" but never  over 7" under maximum load.  Higher
reading than 7" iiidrcales additional lilter(s) needed in
parallel.
4. Inventory costs are drastically lowered since conven-
tional elements are seldom replaced and'since the GCF
Fuel Filter element is the same for all engines.
5. Contrary to popular belief, water is not the primary
cause of downtime in a  diesel engine...it is all of the
other contaminants combined. Water can be effectively
removed with  simple water-traps. The element used in
GCF's Fuel Filter not only cleans but "drys" the fuel.
Compare any  conventional filter element  with the ele-
 ment recommended  for GCF's Fuel Filter. And there
 the comparison ends.
 •The element recommended for the GCF Fuel Filter is a
 large roll of Quality paper towels, available at the near-
 est supermarket.
Keeping the right amount of products available is of ut-
most importance to keep customers from turning to other
products that did arrive on time. Clean fuel keeps the en-
gine purring at peak efficiency with no injector or pump
failures. Its CAT3406 engine also runs on clean oil thru a
GCF paper towel oil filter.
Dennis Dauro, owner of this 5140,000 shrimp boat, does
not worry about where he buys fuel...he has used paper
towel oil and fuel filters for several years. But, when at
home, he always fills up at James Murray's Fuel Dock thru
this bank of 12 GCF Model "B"double-elementfuelfilters
at 49 gpm at 45 psi. Dennis likes to kid, "Getting clean fuel
from James saves my paper towels on the boat."
 When your fleet only fills at a central location, it is often-
 times much more cost-effective to place the fuel filters at
 the pump instead of on each individual piece of equipment.
 Also is outstanding for service trucks delivering your fuel
 to remote operating locations. A GCF by-pass oilfiller on
 the tractor insures clean oil and long engine life.
-------
                                                 OIL
We can  eliminate  oil changes  and  increase engine  life
 WITH A BY-PASS GCF  PAPER TOWEL FILTER AND LABORATORY OIL ANALYSIS.
 WHY ADD A BY-PASS OIL FILTER?
   To answer this question it is important to review the
 full-flow  and by-pass filter systems.
   In the full-flow system, all the oil that lubricates the
 engine is first pumped through the full-flow filter. Since
 this amount of oil is quite large, 10 to 20 quarts in a V8
 car engine and much more in a large diesel engine, the
 full-flow must be porous (somewhat like a sieve) so that
 it will not restrict this  large volume of oil.
   The advantages of the full-flow system are: It protects
 the bearings and all other  moving parts of the engine
 since the oil has to go through it first. It is especially
 useful during break-in when close tolerance parts are
 "wearing-in". By filtering all the oil used in lubricating
 the precision parts, the larger particles that could seri-
 ously damage the engine are removed. EXCEPT: during
 start-up, if the oil is too cold or  thick  to readily flow
 through the filter, the pressure relief valve opens and
 allows unfiltered oil to lubricate the engine. Also, this
 valve opens when the full-flow filter becomes  clogged.
 The reason for this is that dirty oil is better than no oil.
   In the by-pass system, the oil is regulated through the
 filter in a very small amount and then returns directly to
 the oil pan. This filtering system filters a small percent-
 age of the oil and refreshes the engine with oil that has
 passed slowly through a much denser element  than the
 full-flow element. Since ft filters at a very slow rate, and
 it is not responsible for supplying  oil for lubrication, it
 is possible to insert a very dense element that  will trap
 the microscopic particles that grind away the precision
 moving parts of the engine. With the proper element, it
 also can remove sluge producing contaminants (mostly
 water and  carbon panicles).  The  disadvantage,  of
 course, is that only a small portion of the oil is filtered
 at a time. An interesting note is that many industrial en-
 gines still  come factory equipped with only the by-pass
 filter system.
 SO WHAT IS THE ANSWER?
   Both! If your engine is equipped with a full-flow filter
 system leave it intact to do its designed function of pro-
 tecting the moving parts of the engine. Add a quality.
 -GCF by-pass filter to keep the oil CLEAN!

 Trucks
 Highway Use-Change filter element every 10,000 miles.*
 Stop & Go Use-Change filter element every 5,000 miles.*
 Stationary or Boat Use                            '
 Engine Size (HP)   No. of Filters    Change Interval
                      Required          (Hours)
 Up to 300	    1 single	100-200
 300 to 600	  1 double +	100-200
 600 to 1200	2 doubles +	100-200
 1200 to 1800	3 doubles +	100-200
 1800 to 2400	4 doubles +	100-200
 + indicates Model B-l
 'Routine operation. Other than normal driving condi-
 tions require, more frequent service. Rule of thumb:
 large engines require more service than small engines.
Nov.  9,  1985.  INDAL ALUMINUM'S #407 had run
117,275 miles without a single expensive oil change!! Oil
analysis confirms the excellent condition of the 400HP
CUMMINS engine and the 15 W-40 oil. Each 12,000 miles it
costs about 114.00 for 2 rolls of Bounty and make-up oil
plus 10 min. labor to service  the GCF B-l  Oil Filter.
(Marvin Matheny,  Truck Mgr. (601)863-2852, Cpt.. MS)
Ed Douglas, Maint. Supt. over 575 engines for John E.
Graham & Sons, Morgan City, LA (504) 395-9557, person-
ally inspected this 12V71 Detroit Diesel in the oilfield
workboat "CORA G" when one cylinder suffered a hydro-
static lock and bent a connecting rod. The engine was in
"new" condition with no visible wear. Only the one cylin-
der and rod assembly was replaced and the engine put back
in service. The oil had not been changed in over 8,000
hours! (August 18, 1983 to February 20, 1985).
 Two Mack trucks operated by Pepsi-Cola of Gulfport,
 Mississippi. Mr. Cleve Allen, owner, calls for a new filter
 to be installed as soon as a new piece of equipment arrives.
 He has used paper towel filters since 1976.
-------
     GULF COAST FILTERS, INC. IS LEADING THE FIELD OF FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY.
Model A-l Single Roll Oil for engines
up to 300 Hp.
Model B-l Double Roll Oil for engines
up to 600 Hp.
Model A Fuel Filter/Water Separator,
Two CPM Flow Rate.
            Preventiye Maintenacne through Superior  Filtration   ;
                 ";;r   :;>^-^>                   -    -                            -.-;;.:
       The Most Cost Effective  Way to Take Care of Your  Fleet
          CASH'S FILTRATION TECNOLOGY LIMITED WARRANTIES STATEMENT
        All products manufactured or distributed by Cash's filtration are subject_to_the following, and only the
       following limited"expresswarranties.^  .7"'    *"""      "~~  ~      "       "*~   "^          -=sa
        For a period of five (5) yean from and after the date of purchase of a new Gulf Coast Filter, Cash's Filtration
       warrants each GCF filter to be free from defects in workmanship and materials. During this time Cash's
       Filtration will repair or replace any CGF Filter part(s) proven to be defective in either workmanship or
       materials. The warranty period for pumps is specifically limited to one (1) year from date of purchase to be free
      . from defects of materials and workmanship in the manufacturing process. A product claimed to be defective
       must be returned to Cash's Filtration. It is the sole option to  either replace the defective product with a
       comparable new product or repair the defective product. This express warranty shall be inapplicable to any
       product not properly used,  damaged, or impaired by external forces. Cash's Filtration shall have no liability
       whatsoever for consequential damages flowing from the use of any defective product or by reason of the failure
       of any product and disavows all warranties and liabilities if the product is not operated in accordance with each
       product's maintenance and  operating instructions.

       Cash's Filtration Technology
       340 E. 76th Ave.	  	
       Anchorage, Alaska 99518
-------
                       APPENDIX F
                 ANTIFREEZE/COOLANT
                          NOTE

Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this report  does not in any way  imply EPA  or SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
-------
Environmental damage and the threat of  heavy fines
                          create a dilemma...
                                         WHAT CAN THE AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR
                                         FACILITY OR THE FLEET OPERATOR DO
                                         WITH USED ANTIFREEZE?


                                         Used antifreeze is highly contaminated...
                                           As antifreeze accumulates miles or hours in a vehicle
                                           cooling system, it accumulates many different types of
                                           contaminants. The most hazardous of these
                                           contaminants is lead. However, iron, copper,
                                           aluminum, chlorides, sulfates, acids and oils may also
                                           be present in used antifreeze. All of these are
                                           potentially harmful to people and our environment
                                           when disposed of improperly.


                                         Used antifreeze is considered dangerous...
                                           Many state and local governments have labeled used
                                           antifreeze as a pollutant or a hazardous waste which
                                           cannot be discharged into a sewer or dumped on the
                                           ground. These agencies now have regulatory
                                           requirements in place which define disposal
                                           procedures for pollutants and hazardous waste
                                           materials.


                                         Non-compliance can be expensive...
                                           The threat of heavy fines and imprisonment make the
                                           disposal problem even more frightening. Improper
                                           disposal of contaminated antifreeze can result in  fines
                                           as high as $25,000.00 per day.

                                         High disposal costs add to the problem...
                                          - Choosing to have your used antifreeze taken to an
                                           outside firm for recycling or disposal costs as high as
                                           $12.00 per gallon.


                                         Environmental groups add to the pressure...
                                           Environmental groups are becoming a stronger power
                                           and demanding government action on environmental
                                           issues.
                                         IT'S A CHALLENGE FOR ALL OF US!!
                                        (2)
-------
      BG Cool'r  Clean'r™ Coolant Purification System
purifies contaminated,coolant...Makes it  crystal clear!!
                                             Revolutionary new coolant purification
                                             system solves the problem.
                                               The BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Coolant Purification System
                                               not only cleans the entire cooling system, it also
                                               cleanses the used antifreeze, removes contaminates,
                                               and leaves only pure water and ethylene glycol.


                                             BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Coolant Purification
                                             System eliminates the need to drain coolant
                                             from the vehicle.
                                               Utilizing a closed loop system, the used antifreeze is
                                               circulated from the engine through a five step
                                               purification process, then returned to the vehicle
                                               cooling system.


                                             The system removes impurities, yet retains
                                             ethylene glycol...like magic!!
                                               After processing, the fluid which is retained consists
                                               only of de-ionized water that is more pure than
                                               ordinary tap water, and the purified ethylene glycol
                                               that was originally in the coolant.

                                             Conditioners ore added as part of the
                                             process.
                                               The BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Complet'r Kit adds the
                                               necessary conditioners back to the system to inhibit
                                               corrosion, prevent foaming, and neutralize acidic
                                               contaminants. It protects all cooling system metals
                                               including copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron and
                                               aluminum. It is suitable for use in engines utilizing
                                               aluminum cylinder heads and water pumps, and it
                                               also protects against high lead solder corrosion.
                                             Big benefits for your shop.
                                               'Reduces the worry, cost and liability of disposal.
                                               'Provides an easy way to help comply with
                                                regulations, and, at the same time, take responsible
                                                action to help clean up the environment.
                                               'Makes cooling systems more efficient and cuts
                                                required maintenance.
                                               'Offers new profit opportunities for service shops;
                                                new cost savings for fleet maintenance shops.
                                            (3)
-------
  BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Coolant Purification System-
   Complete Cooling  System  Clean-up Made Easy!!
Designed for durability,
maximum efficiency, and ease of
operation...

The BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Coolant Purification
System is a compact, portable unit which needs
minimal  training  to operate. It is mounted on
rubber swivel casters for easy movement between
vehicles. It features  one switch  operation, quick
connect  and disconnect, and reinforced hoses.
Best of all,  it is environmentally safe. Even serv-
icing of the BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Coolant Purifi-
cation System is smooth and uncomplicated.
BG Cool'r Clean'r™ chemicals
assure a clean,  well-balanced

cooling system...
BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Flush (Part #541) is formulated to remove rust, scale, and corrosion by-products from the
cooling system. It may be used in both gasoline and diesel engines and is harmless to all cooling system
components. It contains no harsh chemicals nor does it require neutralization after using.


BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Complet'r Kit
Automotive:  (BG  Parts #5502A & 5502B) When used as recommended, this product yields a coolant
containing  the proper level  of inhibitors to protect  against rust and corrosion,  foaming, and acidic
contamination. It protects all cooling system metals including copper, solder (both high and low lead), brass,
steel, cast iron, and aluminum. It also protects aluminum cylinder heads from heat transfer corrosion and
water pumps from rust and cavitation.


Heavy Duty (BG Parts #5702A & 5702B)
Yields a modem, low-silicate heavy duty coolant, precharged with supplemental coolant additives. Because
of the severe operating cycle,  long expected engine life, and the use of wet sleeve cylinders, the demands
placed on a heavy duty engine coolant are much greater than those placed on an automotive engine coolant.
This package addresses the needs of a heavy duty engine by providing complete protection against liner
cavitation, erosion, deposit control and foaming.


BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Ethylene  Glycol (BG Part #556)
This Ethylene Glycol conforms to ASTM El 177, the specification for antifreeze grade ethylene glycol.
                                          (4)
-------
YOU CAN'T JUST "THROW IT AWAY" ANYMORE!!
Fleet operators muct manage hundreds oi gallons of used antifreeze each year..
                  Putting contaminated antifreeze in the trash
                  is strictly prohibited...
                  .COMPLETE     '
                  >OL1NGi  SYSTEM'
                      SERVICES
                                                          Pouring contaminated antifreeze down the drain
                                                          can result in stiff penalties...
          Even storage of used antifreeze in drums must be
          dealt with eventually...
       Service shops
       are especially
       vulnerable to
       enforcement
       oi hazardous waste laws...
Maintenance shops face the disposal of large amounts
of used antifreeze...
                                             (5)
-------
    BG Cool'r Clean'r™ Coolant Purification System provides
            top  performance in a variety of applications...
            Portability and rugged construction allow the BG Cool'r Clean'r™
     Coolant Purification System to work as well in the field as it does in the shop.
          Service shops can use the system with complete
          confidence knowing that they are providing the
                             best service available.
                     Fleet maintenance is made simple with the use
                     of the system. Portability allows it to move easily
                     from vehicle to vehicle.
               Field Service can be provided easily and    Bulk purifying can also be accomplished.
              quickly from the back of a service vehicle.    Simply place the inlet hose of the system into the
                                                 drum or tank of used antifreeze and the outlet
                                                 hose into the clean drum or tank. Then purify
                                                 following the same easy instructions.
               Laboratory and field tested to assure reliable performance...

        This unique system has been tested extensively, both in the laboratory to prove its
        capabilities, and in the field to ensure performance  under "real world" conditions.
        The system has been found to be capable of:
        1. Removing spent additives and oil.
        2. Removing corrosion by-products such as iron and lead.
        3. Removing contaminants from water such as hardness (calcium and magnesium), chlorides,
          and sulphates.
        4. Removing glycol oxidation products (low molecular weight organic acids).
        5. Removing dissolved solids down to extremely low levels (< 150 mg/1).
        6. Producing antifreeze meeting the general/performance requirements of ASTM D3306.
        7. Providing balanced pH and freeze protection.
    BG No. 1810
  DRAVIS DISTRIBUTING INC.
6924 WEST 27th ST.  564-1020
     T"'COMA, WA  98466
© 1989 BG Products, Inc.-Wichita, KS 67213
                                              (6)
                                                                                  Litho in U.S.A.
                                                             9165
-------
               RR  PPflffllPfc  IllP1    MAILINGADDRESS- RO.BOX 1282-WICHITA,KS 67201
               UU  II UUIIUlUp lllUl  SHIPPING ADDRESS- 701 S. WICHITA-WICHITA. KS 67213
               Phone: (316) 265-2686
               Fax No.: (316) 265-1082
From the BG Products Laboratorv
                               Total Dissolved Solids

                              By Rob Richardson, Lab Manager

             Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is a term of importance concerning the issue of
       recycling antifreeze. TDS is a measure (usually in parts per million, or ppm) of the
       amount of dissolved or ionic species in coolants. The greatest contributor to TDS is the
       additives dissolved in the coolant to protect against corrosion.
             Normal levels in new coolants range from 5,000 to 20,000 ppm. Normal levels in
       used coolants range from 5,000 to 30,000. TDS levels beyond 30,000 have been known
       to aggravate water pump failure through face seal leakage. Additives can also come out
       of solution to dog cooling systems and plate out on internal components, thus reducing
       heat transfer.
             There wifl likely be a TDS limit set for recycled coolants when an ASTM specifi-
       cation is drafted. That spells "good news* for our patent-pending BG Cool'r Clean'r ™
       Coolant Purification System because it reduces TDS levels below 150 ppm each and
       every time the coolant is processed. Other systems actually increase TDS with the
       addition of concentrated inhibitor packages after recycling and may reach the TDS limit
       after only one or two services.
-------
                     BG  Products, inc.
                                  MAILING ADDRESS- RO.BOX 1282 • WICHITA. KS 67201
                                  SHIPPING ADDRESS- 701 S. WICHITA- WICHITA. KS 67213
                     Phone: (316) 265-2686
                     Fax No.: (316) 265-1082
                                 RECYCLING  vs PURIFYING
                                          ANTIFREEZE
                                  COMPARATIVE  TEST DATA
                                                Five Types of Processing •
Contaminants, ppm:

Iron
Lead
Copper
Aluminum
                        Simple
                      Filtration
                     BEFORE (AFTER)
                   Filtration
                         Celite
                  BEFORE (AFTER)
                     Flash
                  Distillation
                  BEFORE(AFTER)
                                    BG Cool'r
                    Simple     Clean'r ™ Cool
                   Distillation   Purification Sjs
                  BEFORE (AFTER)    BEFORE (AFTER)
10
4
2
0
(3)
(0)
(0)
(0)
0
0
0
0
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
0
12
21
0
(0)
(1)
(2)
(0)
0
12
21
0
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
13
7
7
0
(1)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Additives. S WT.;
Sodium
 "   Metasilicate
 "   Tetraborate
     O-Phospbate
     Molybdate
 "   Nitrite
Potassium
.22
.07
.84
1.35
.00
.00
.00
(-22)
(.07)
(.84)
(135)
(.00)
(.00)
(.00)
.04
.02
.74
.15
.00
.00
.00
(-03)
(.01)
(.50)
(.10)
(.00)
(.00)
Coo)
.25
.03
1.85
1.63
.00
.00
.07
(.08)
(-01)
(-29)
023)
(-00)
(.00)
(.00)
.25
.03
1.85
1.63
.00
.00--
.07
(.01)
(.00)
(.06)
(.02)
(.00)
(.00)
(.00)
.50
.04
.50
2.61
.00
.00
.13
(.00)
(.CO)
(.00)
(.00)
(.00)
(.00)
(.00)
Other Properties:
PH
Reserve Alkalinity
Glycols, %WT.
10.2    (9.8)
 6.0    (6.0)
49.0   (47.0)
 2.8    (10)
 0.0    (0.0)
56.0   (49.0)
 7.8    (7.9)
 5.0    (0.0)
54.0   (45.0)
 7.8    (7-5)
 5.0    (0.0)
54.0   (45.0)
 8.2    (6.2)
 9.0    (0.0)
65.0   (65.0)
-------
KHYDE
r IS PRODUCTS INC.
 i ^J**^J -^ ' "*J *" '".*--j "    * -   • *
 w&'^m-^M:^
 I'V ' ";•;''••--*,='•->-•«-  ••-•-- "*-r   —•->'.
 r^^-:---.i3?^^;-
 •V; -1 -»-r - \ -'; " '^ -  : --"*.-»*.'• *•, •*
                                        Guardian
                                       Coolant Recycling System
                              The Effective Solution to Coolant
                              Maintenance Problems - Reduces
                              Coolant Waste Up to 90%.
                                               '4
                               The Hyde Guardian is the7
                              acknowledged, economical solution to
                              the high costs associated with maintain-
                              ing water based coolants and
                              washwaters in the metalworking in-
                              dustry. The Hyde system recycles used
                              coolants and washwaters, reducing
                              waste fluids by 50% to 90% and
                              eliminating concerns about manifesting
                              and compliance with federal RCRA re-
                              quirements and state and local discharge
                              regulations.
                               Everything you need for coolant
                              recycling is included with the Guardian.
                              Each turnkey system is designed for easy
                              installation, quick start-up and simple,
                              efficient operation. Hyde backs every
                              Guardian with single-source product
                              responsibility.
Features
• Removes free floating, dispersed and
 mechanically emulsified tramp-oils to
 V!o% or less
• Integrated coolant make-up system
 replaces coolant lost due to evapora-
 tion or drag out with properly propor-
 tioned coolant mix
• Removes majority of suspended solids
• Separated tramp-oils can be sold or
 recycled
• Standard systems will process up to
 600 gallons per hour. Larger and
 custom designed systems are
 available

Benefits
• Reduces new fluid purchase cost by
 45% to 75%
• Reduces hazardous waste disposal
 cost by 50% to 90%
• System pay back is typically 6-9
 months
• Easy operation - designed to minimize
 operator involvement and training
-------
Guardian - The Proven Coolant
Recycling System
  The Hyde Guardian Coolant Recycling
System is a proven fluid management
tool for plants with  individual coolant or
wastewater reservoirs.
  The Guardian uses a topped-off batch
type process to recondition
metalworking coolants commonly used
in individual machine tools. It is equally
effective for washing compounds and
other water soluble mixtures where
tramp-oils and suspended solids detract
from performance.  This highly versatile
product incorporates Hyde's proven
tramp-oil separator, which has provided
years of trouble free performance to
hundreds of metalworking plants.
  The Guardian provides a central fluid
collection point for tramp-oil and
suspended solids removal, bacteria
control and fluid concentration
adjustment A divided tank is used to
process the used coolant The inlet (dirty
coolant) compartment allows settling
and removal of suspended solids and the
second (clean coolant) compartment
holds the clarified coolant Three
principles - gravity settling, filtration and
coalescence - are used to attain
exceptional clarification of the coolant
A floating skimmer  in the inlet
compartment assures surface "pick-up"
of free floating tramp-oils and any
undesirable rag or cream layer. A bag
filter assembly is used to remove
suspended solids and the integral tramp-
oil separator, using Hyde's unique gravity
coalescence principle, removes free
floating, dispersed and loosely
emulsified tramp-oils from the coolant
to as little as '4% by volume.
  The separated tramp-oil is discharged
automatically directly into a drum, while
the clarified coolant flows by gravity
from the separator into the clean
compartment A unique advantage of
the Guardian recycling system is that the
clarified and refortified coolant
continually overflows to the inlet
compartment for further clarification.
This feature provides continuous  mixing
of the clarified coolant  prevents
rancidity and assures a continuous
volume of clean coolant ready for use
on your machines.
  The Hyde Guardian recycling system
is supplied in start-up condition, needing
only electrical power, make-up water for
the coolant proportionator, and a J/<"
plant air supply connection. All
Guardian units are constructed of coated
steel and other high grade materials,
fully suitable for rugged industrial
applications.

Custom Engineering
  Hyde also provides custom
engineering including: tailored
capacities, additional tankage, pre- and
post-filtration, and temperature control.
                                                   Machine Tools
                   Mobile
                   Sump
                   Cleaner
                  Reclaimed Coolant
                                                     Mobile
                                                      Sump
                                                    Cleaner
                                           Contaminated Coolant
                                           Miscible Fluid Recycling Station
-------
Simple to Maintain
  The Guardian is furnished with an air
sparger to remove settleable sludges
from the tramp-oil separator 2 SCFM of
plant air at 5 PSIC is aH that is required
to purge the unit of solids and sludges.
The cleaning cycle takes about 10
minutes once every 90 to 120 days.
Replacement of the solids removal unit
element is required only infrequently
dependent on the loading.
Featured Options
  A Hyde fihrafuge™ is recommended
when cast iron or other metallic fines
from grinding and other sources
contaminate miscible fluids. High clarity
(2 micron, if required) is attained by the
Filtrafuge's diffuser action design.
Downtime for change outs is minimal
due to the simplified dumping feature.
Semi to fully automatic Filtrafuges are
available if high solids contamination
warrants.
                The Hyde Miscible fluid Return System is
                available when a convenient source of
                make-up fluid is required closer to the
                machines. Systems include a Vi HP jet
                pump mounted on a horizontal 30
                gallon coolant tank, air volume control,
                pressure gauge, ejector and foot valve.
                          Clean
                          compartment
                          holds clarified
                          coolant
           Tramp-oil
           separator
           coalesces and
           removes free
           floating and
           dispersed tramp-
           oils
                                     Separator supply
                                     pump picks up
                                     free floating
                                     tramp-oil and
                                     dirty coolant
             Oil weirs                through a
             discharge                floating skimmer
             tramp-oils               (not shown)
 Specially coated
 two compartment
 tank
Coolant
proportionator
(hot shown)
maintains
desired coolant
concentration
Inlet coolant
compartment
for pre-
treatment of
dirty coolant
Solids removal
unit removes the
majority of
suspended solids
-------
Models & Specifications
Model
HC400
HC400F
HC400CRS
HC400FCRS
HC800
HC800F
HC800CRS
HC800FCRS
Processing Rate
Gallons Per Hour
300
300
300
300
600
600
600
600
Dirty/Clean
Tank Capacity (Gallons)
200/200
200/200
200/200
200/200
400/400
400/400
400/400
400/400
Length
81
81
81
81
120
120
120
120
Width
44
44
44
44
48
48
48
48
Height
48
72
78
78
48
72
78
78



Sample
From
Machine Sump
Sump Cleaner
Discharge
Guardian
Inlet Tank
Guardian
Clean Tank
Tramp Oil
%
8%-18%
8%-18%
8% -18%
<0.10%
T.S.S.
PPM
High
3000-7200
3000-7200
60-176
Coolant Ratio
1.8-1.15
1:8-1:15
1.8-1:15
1:20*
F = Filtrafuge
                        CRS = Coolant Return System
                    The results are from typical Hyde "GUARDIAN" Systems
                    installed on cast iron grinding and high grade steel
                    machining application.
                    'Desired coolant concentration - 1:20.
 Auxiliary Equipment
 HYDE-O-MATIC™ Miscible
 Fluid Proportionator is an
 automatic device that blends
 miscible fluid concentrates
 and water into properly
 mixed fluids.
   It is easily attached to
 existing Miscible Fluid
 Recycling Stations. Flow
 rates are available from 4 to
 14 CPM. They also may be
 used on central systems and
 a number of other proven
 applications.
                 HYDE FILTRAFUCE™ The
                 precision-balanced,
                 vibration-free unit may be
                 equipped to generate gravity
                 forces from 500 to over
                 2000G's depending on the
                 application. Downtime for
                 changeouts is minimal due
                 to simplified dumping
                 procedures. Semi and fully
                 automatic Filtrafuges are
                 available if solids
                 contamination warrants.
              HYDE MOBILE SUMP
              CLEANER is a powerful, easy
              to maneuver vacuum filtration
              unit which incorporates the
              latest labor-saving features. It
              quickly removes contaminated
              cutting fluids, chips and swarf
              at flow rates up to 100 CPM.
              A complete range of filters is
              available to meet specific
              requirements.
                A unique and useful option
              is the chip basket hoist
                Single and split tank units
              are available in 80 to 600
              gallon capacities. Units are
              available with electric, LP gas
              or air power.
                                                                               ' l-i
                                                                                    M
HYDE DEIONIZERS are
recommended when the
dissolved minerals in the
make-up water are high
enough to shorten the useful
life of the miscible fluid.
These products utilize the
ion exchange method to
yield chemically pure water
for coolants, washwater and
other solutions.
  A full range of deionizers
are available from mixed-
bed single-cylinder
rechargeable types for small
requirements, up to fully
automatic separate bed
regenerating models for
larger plants.
 XHYDE
 H^r  ^H T^^^^^T^TT^*tmf*i W T^^
 Since 1865
PRODUCTS INC
HYDE PRODUCTS, INC.
28045 Ranney Parkway
Cleveland, Ohio 44145
(216)871-4885
TLX212568
FAX (216) 871-1143
-------
                                                         -'• V'!'*''"^:"v-'-.~:

                                                         :S<"2fe-v
            HIGH CAPACITY

            SELF-CLEANING

            CENTRIFUGE
                                                                  :;-X;--^-v-. -.-.f-^-c-""
                                                                   --• ^•^.••--h?:-.'
                                                                   '-'^•"^'•-•JA:-\r-:-.
                                                . ^Management Systems for*;£*
                                                  Process Fluid Clanfidatipn%>£r?>
%SANBORN/DONALDSPN
^fj L»»d»n In Stptntion T»chnologt            \\\1 V\7 i
-------
Coolant Recovery and
Disposal  Systems
CAR 100
Coolant Recovery
Disposal System
    Utilizing the patented
LLSC Centrifuge, this system
is totally automatic, ft can be
used for continuous or
"topped-orf" batch processing
and has all the features that
you would expect to find in a
state of the art product.
Features of the CAR 100
Include:
• New Self-Cleaning LLSC
  Centrifuge
• Continuous or Batch
  Operation
• Removes Tramp Oil as well
  as Solids
• Can be used with
  Membrane System for
  Coolant Disposal
• Programmable Logic
  Controller
• Positive Displacement
  Proportional Mixer for
  Automatic Makeup
Options:
• Solids Dragout
• Venturi/Siphon Type
  Proportional Mixers
• Pasteurizer
• De-Ionizer Stand
• Biocide Metering Pump
• Air Compressor
• Surface Skimming Devices
• Plus custom designed
  options for individual
  systems

CAR 50	

Coolant Recovery
System
    The CAR 50 is a
downsized version of the CAR
100. It utilizes the smaller
LLSC JR self-cleaning
centrifuge for lower volume
operations. It has many of the
features of the CAR 100.
                           CAR  10
Self-Cleaning
Liquid/Solid
Coolant Filtration
System
    The CAR 10 is the
smallest of the CAR family. It is
a setting system with a solids
dragout and oil skimmer
designed for low volume
batch type coolant recovery.
Portable
Sump Cleaners	
    Sanborn/Donaldson
Sump Cleaners can be
configured for any operation.
They are available with
electric, air or L.P. gas power.
High suction and flow rates
are available in machines from
90 gallon single compartment,
up to 200 gallon dual
compartment models. The
Sump Cleaners' sludge/chip
baskets have a 1, 2, 3, and 5
cubic foot capacity. Sanborn/
Donaldson Sump Cleaners
can  be truck or motorized
pallet mounted. A Drum Tank
Sump Cleaner is available for
smaller operations.
                                                                     SUMP CLEANER
                                                           CAR  100
-------
Centrifuge/Membrane
Recovery/Disposal
Systems
    SanborrVDonaldson
GEN/MEM1" systems are
designed to handle recovery
and/or disposal of metalwork-
ing fluids in a single economi-
cal unit.  For recovery
operations, our patented self-
cleaning centrifuge is the
primary  fluid separator. For
disposal, it acts as the first
clarification stage.
    GEN/MEM" recovery
features  removal of solids and
tramp oils. It has automatic
fluid make-up, water de-
ionization and offers biological
control. GEN/MEM" has
multiple  fluid recovery
capabilities.
    In disposal service, CEN/
MEM1* provides continuous or
batch processing to 7200
GPD (larger on request) with
optimized membrane
performance and longer
membrane life. It produces
permeate with an oil content
less than 100 PPM. The
centrifuge removes high grade
oil. suspended solids, and
continually breaks down the
uttrafiltration concentrate. Pre-  .
clarification gives higher
continuous flux rates while
reducing both by-product
build-up and the frequency of
membrane cleaning.
    The centrifuge works in
concert with the membrane-
concentrated fluid, making the
centrifuge even more efficient.
The result is high purity
permeate (water) and reduced
volumes of liquids and solids
for disposal.
                  a
Ultrafiltration
Membrane
    Our membrane is a
versatile polyolefin filtration
membrane ideal for high
fouling feeds. It is ideal for
clarification of oily waste
waters from sources such as
machine coolants, floor
cleaning and parts washers. It
                                                                          CEN/MEIW
                                             has excellent PH characteris-
                                             tics, operating in the range of
                                             2-12, and is resistant to most
                                             solvents. This anti-fouling
                                             hydrophillic membrane
                                             features steady flux rates and
                                             is available in modules that
                                             easily retrofit existing cabinets
                                             and racks.
Filtration/Treatment Systems
    Design  & Equipment
   Post  Office Box  18|88iig
                                     Lftdtri In Stptmlien Ttchnofagy
                                     25 Commercial Drive • Wrentham • MA • 02093
                                     1-800-343-3381  617/384-3181
                                     FAX 617/384-5346
                                     TELEX 910-380-9466

                                     A Ovisaon of SANBORN INC
-------
                      APPENDIX G
                RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
                          NOTE

Mention of product manufacturers, vendors, trademarks, or trade
names in this report does not  in any way imply EPA  or SAIC
endorsement of these products, manufacturers, or vendors.
-------
                                                   ALASKA RECYCLING CENTERS

Note: This list may not include every recycling center in the state.  Market conditions change and recycling centers may alter the list of materials they
accept. Contact names, addresses, and phone numbers are also subject to change without notice.  (List provided by Alaska Department of Environmental
Conservation Pollution Prevention Program.)
*J&
LOCATION
Anchorage
Barrow
\v
ORGANIZATION/BUSINESS
Alaska Metals Recycling
Alaskans for For Litter
Prevention and Recycling
(ALPAR)
Alaska Pollution Control
FOB 110374, Anchorage 995 11
Anchorage Recycling Center
(ARC) (call regarding other
services and programs offered)
ARC Satellite
Asset Recovery
Mobile Metals
Standard Steel & Metals Co.
Ipalook Elementary School
SERVICES PROVIDED
steel, non-ferrous
metals, appliances, car
bodies
recycling information
and resources
used oil recycling
aluminum cans,
newspaper, office paper,
cardboard, glass, plastic
milk jugs, copper, brass,
scrap aluminum
aluminum cans,
newspaper, glass, plastic
jugs
Full Service Recycling
non-ferrous metals
non-ferrous metals,
aluminum cans
aluminum cans
COLLECTION
LOCATION
97th & King
P.O. Box 231231
Anchorage, 99523
10620 Old Seward Hwy.
6161 Rosewood St.
54th and Juneau
3237 Mountain View Drive
pick up
2400 Railroad Avenue
Ipalook Elementary School
CONTACT
Leo or Linda
Audrey Lee

Tom Turner
Tom Turner
Jim Myers


Lori Lamoreaux
PHONE
349-4833
272-9326
344-5036
800-478-2267
800-478-2267
279-1446
277-7777
272-8558
852-4711
-------
LOCATION
Bethel
Clam Gulch
Coopers Landing
Deering
Eagle River
Fairbanks
Gustasvus
Homer
Juneau
ORGANlZATlbN>BUSlNESS
Allen Auxier "Can Man"
Box 148, Clam Gulch, 99568
Recycling Co.
Anchorage Recycling Center
City
Anchorage Recycling Center
Fairbanks North Star Borough
Good Sense Recycling Group
Alaska Solid Waste
K & K Recycling
Community
Kenai Peninsula Borough
Auke Bay Cans
E&L Auto
SERVICES PROVIDED
aluminum cans
non-ferrous metals
aluminum cans, glass,
newspaper
aluminum cans,
styrofoam packing
aluminum cans,
newspaper
cardboard recycling
information
general recycling
information
cardboard, aluminum,
paper, glass, plastic jugs
ferrous, non-ferrous
aluminum, glass, steel
cans
newspaper, cardboard,
glass, aluminum
aluminum cans
car batteries, appliances,
non-ferrous scrap iron,
cardboard (no wax)
COLLECTION
LOCATION
Box 1054 Bethel, AK
99559
Mile 115 & Sterling Hwy.
Old Fire Station
call for information
Easy Street/behind
Chepo's
10:00-2:00 Sat.
call for information
218 Driveway
400 Sanduri Road
8.6 Old Richardson Hwy.
Bins near small boat
harbor
Eagle Quality
Center/Landfill
14 Mile Glacier Hwy.
1005 Crazy Horse Drive
CONTACT
Allen Auxier
Bud Hatten
Tom Turner
Michael Moore
Tom Turner
Shaune Grose
Deborah Koons
Ralph Bartlett

Rita Wilson
Bob Pollard
Kathy Mayer

Ralph
Burkhardt
PHONE
543-2273
262-5767
800-478-2267
363-2136
800-478-2267
459-1321
455-6024
452-1372
451-1517
488-1409
697-2245
235-6678
262-9657
789-9407
790-CANS
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LOCATION
Juneau (cont'd)

Kenai
Ketchikan
Kodiak
ORGANIZATION/BUSINESS
Channel Sanitation
Buzzel's Economy Printing
Juneau Empire
Jaws II/A Student Enterprise
Juneau 2000 Foundation
Mendenhall Flying Lions Club
North Tongass Salvage
Paper Chase Recycling Co.
Pay-n-Save
Southwest Copy Supply
Central Peninsula Community
Recycling
Kenai Peninsula Borough
Kenai Peninsula Recycling
Revilla Recycling
Kodiak Island Borough
710 Mill Bay Rd, Kodiak 9961 5
SERVICES PROVrot iff
glass, large home items,
car batteries
toner cartridges, print
ribbons,
newspaper
aluminum cans
white paper
aluminum, metal, steel
cans
paper
plastic bags
toner cartridges/will
refurbish for reuse
glass, cardboard,
newspaper, office paper
aluminum, glass, paper,
cardboard
all metals
paper, cans, glass,
plastics, Terminal
aluminum cans, glass,
baler at landfill
,* COLLECTION
LOCATION
(Lemon Creek)
5600 Tongass Ct.
pick up
3100 Channel Drive
Price Plus
5165 Glacier Hwy.
Fred Meyers
variety of drop-off
locations
call for information
Nugget Mall
9538 Taku Blvd.
Borough Building
Soldotna Landfill
Kalif onsky Road
Saxman Seaport
Bins located Bayside
Grocers, Safeway; City
Library; Bell Flats
CONTACT



Bill Lynn and
Devin Jones
Neil Atkinson

Michael Butler

Joan Harvey
Peggy Mullen
Kathy Mayer

Dick Allen
Ray Camardella
mom 1
780-4288 II
789-2230

789-1062
789-9179
789-7340
780-4400
789-2111
789-3758
262-7715
262-9657
283-4312
225-3101
247-9454
486-5736
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; LOCATION
Mat-Su
Moose Pass
Palmer
Petersburg
Seldovia
Seward
Sitka
Skagway
Soldotna
ORGANIZATION/BUSINESS
Valley Refuse and Recycling
Katie Toth-Stauble
Box 564, Moose Pass 99631
Chevron Alaska
Box 110374, Anchorage 99511
Boy Scouts
Box 371, Petersburg 99833
Kenai Peninsula Borough
Seward Community Recycling
Action Program (SCRAP)
City & Borough of Sitka
Gary Hansen
Central Peninsula Community
Recycling
Kenai Peninsula Borough
SERVICES PROVIDED
aluminum cans, all
recyclable paper,
cardboard, glass, plastic
milk jugs, copper, brass,
scrap aluminum
aluminum cans
used oil
aluminum cans, scrap
aluminum
cardboard, glass,
aluminum, paper
aluminum cans, other
scrap metals, all paper,
cardboard, newspaper
aluminum cans, glass,
plastics, other aluminum
aluminum cans, non-
ferrous metals
glass, cardboard,
newspaper, office paper
aluminum cans, glass, all
paper, cardboard
COLLECTION
LOCATION
49 Mile Parks Hwy.,
behind Seven/Eleven
Mile 29 Seward Hwy.
Hamman St.
Main and Gjoa ballfield
S.O.S. Office
Bib's Market mile
2/aluminum can bins in
many locations
Bins at Sea Mart,
Blatchley Middle School,
rec. area at Granite Creek
General Store
call for information
Fred Meyers
Soldotna Landfill-
cardboard & drop-off
locations
CONTACT
Dorothy
Attwood
Katie Toth-
Stauble

Ken Elmore

Carol Griswald
Larry Harmon
Gary Hansen
Peggy Mullen
Kathy Mayer
PHONE
376-3663
288-3631
746-0399
772-3841
234-7400
224-5620
747-3294
983-2609
983-2944
262-7715
262-9647
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LOCATION
Statewide
Thome Bay
Valdez
Wasilla
Western Alaska
Yakutat
ORGANIZATION/BUSINESS
Pay-n-Save Stores
Community
Alyeska Pipeline Service Co./
PW Sound Conservation
Alliance
Anchorage Recycling Center
"Flying Cans Program"
"Can Do Kids Program*
Community
4-.- '
SERVICES PROVIDED
plastic bag recycling
aluminum cans
call for information
aluminum cans,
newspaper
aluminum cans
aluminum cans
aluminum cans
;•>< COLLECTION '„;,
LOCATION
all stores
call for information
call for information
Carr's parking lot
10:00-2:00 Sat.
40 communities


,/
CONTACT
contact nearest
Pay-n-Save
Don Hadlock or
Coy Lester
Gary Moore
Tom Turner
Tom Turner
Tom Turner
Skip Johnson
PHONE

828-3340
828-3973
835-6035
800-478-2267
800-478-2267
800-478-2267
784-3323
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