Mining Strategy
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                      Mining Strategy
              **DRAFT REGIONAL MINING STRATEGY**

                         EPA Region 10
                        December 4, 1997
              BACKGROUND
Mining has played a significant role  in  the  development of
this country.  The industry has, and  continues  to be,  an
important contributor to Regional economies  in  the Northwest
and Alaska.  As hardrock mining continues  to expand in Region
10 EPA must find ways to' work more effectively  with other
mining stakeholders, including industry, to  promote
environmental -protection goals. This  strategy provides a
framework for that effort.

As an industrial sector, mining affects  every major EPA
program.  Tailings and waste rock disposal,  wastewater
discharges, air emissions, storage of  toxic  reagents and even
disposal of PCB's can potentially affect surface  and ground
water quality, drinking water supplies and air  quality.
 Mining can also cause losses of aquatic and terrestrial
habitat.

From a federal regulatory perspective, mining projects pose
unique challenges.  They are technically complex  and there is
no single environmental law that specifically addresses all
mining impacts.  Instead, mining projects  are addressed
through a fragmented set of federal authorities (administered
by a number of federal agencies), none of  which were
developed with the specific intent of  regulating  mining.
 While mining law reform has recently  been on the
Congressional agenda, revisions to the 1872  Mining Law have
been focused primarily on updating "equity"  issues rather
than environmental concerns.  Furthermore, although Superfund
has been utilized to address environmental concerns at a
number of mining sites, Congress has basically  exempted large
volume low toxicity mine waste from regulation  under Subtitle
C of the federal solid waste law, the  Resource  Conservation
and Recovery Act  (RCRA).  For a variety  of reasons, EPA has
declined promulgating solid waste regulations for mining
under RCRA subtitle D. This means that very  complex solid
waste issues often must be handled either  through other
federal authorities which were not developed to deal with
solid waste  (e.g., the Clean Water Act)  or under  authorities
of state or local government.

States, Tribes, and local government have  often been leaders
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               in mining regulation.  While no  federal  legislation
               specifically addressing the environmental  impacts of non-coal
               mining exists, many States have  passed their  own statutory
               programs.  In addition, all States have  general environmental
               statutes that provide  coverage to mining operations.   Many
               States have been delegated authority  to  implement federal
               statutes such as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
               (RCRA) and the Clean Water Act(CWA).  The  vital role of
               States and Tribes  in mining regulation cannot be overstated;
               it is imperative that  EPA understand  these programs in order
               to improve its own program implementation.

               This complex regulatory landscape combined with the
               recognition by EPA Headquarters  that  mining projects have in
               some cases caused  serious environmental  degradation has led
               to development of  a National Hardrock Mining  Framework (NMF) .
               The draft NMF describes the environmental protection
               challenges mining  projects can present and emphasizes problem
               solving by working with other stakeholders in an open,
               cooperative manner whenever possible.  The NMF discusses the
               various regulatory and non-regulatory tools in the EPA
               "toolkit" for addressing these problems. It also recognizes
               the role of other  federal agencies, Tribes, States, local
               government, and industry in promoting environmentally sound
               mine site management.  Currently, recommendations for
               improving these tools  and the way EPA uses them are being
               finalized for presentation to EPA senior managers.

               One expectation of the NMF is that EPA Regions with
               significant mining activity will tailor  Framework
               recommendations to their own regional issues  and priorities.
               Last year a Regional  Mining Workgroup  (RMW)  was established
               in Region 10, co-chaired by the  Regional Mining Coordinator
               and the Office of  Water Mining Specialist.  A Core Team of
               the RMW has developed  this draft Regional  Mining Strategy
               that will help set Region 10 priorities  with  respect to
               mining issues over the next several years.


               MINING IN REGION 10

               Mining activity in Region 10 is  extensive.  This is reflected
               in the fact that no less than 85 Region  10 employees are
               involved with mining projects in some capacity.  They work in
               many different EPA programs, often on the  same projects,
               applying different tools and expertise to  achieve
               environmental protection goals.  Following is a brief summary
               of mining activities in the Region.

               Alaska

               Alaska is the fifth largest gold producing state in the
               nation.  Now that  the  Fort Knox  project  near  Fairbanks has
               begun production,  the  state's gold production will likely
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              double.   Exploration work  in Alaska during 1996  was
              considerable, perhaps the  most  extensive in nearly 100 years.
                Several  major  new mines can be expected to enter the
              permitting  phase  over the  next  couple of years,  adding to the
              considerable  EPA  workload  in Alaska.

              Currently operating mines  include over 400 placer operations
              as well as  Red  Dog,  a world class lead/zinc mine,
              Greens Creek  (silver and zinc),  and Usibelli coal.
                Responding to  permitting  and compliance issues  associated
              with  these
              facilities, and those that will come on line in  the next
              decade, will  require a significant resource commitment by EPA
              since the Agency  retains NPDES  permitting responsibilities in
              Alaska.

              According to  available estimates there are over  4,000
              abandoned and inactive mines in the state,  covering nearly
              28,000 acres.   Inventory and prioritization with respect to
              environmental concerns are ongoing at several levels of
              government.

              Idaho

              Idaho produced  a  record 300,023 ounces of gold in 1995, more
              than  double Alaska's production.   Higher silver  prices have
              led to increased  exploration activity,  especially in the
              Coeur d'Alene district. Several new or expanding gold mines
                have recently  entered, or are  anticipated to enter,  the
              NEPA  and  permitting phase  (Stibnite,  Thunder Mountain,
              Atlanta and Humbug).   A large garnet mine in northern Idaho
               (Garnet Creek)  is also entering the NEPA and permitting
              phase.

              There are numerous mines currently operating in  Idaho, over a
              dozen of  which  are "major"  NPDES dischargers.  All but one
              permit has  expired.   EPA is working with the Stibnite, Grouse
              Creek, Thompson Creek and  Kinross Delamar/Stone  Cabin mines
              on NPDES  permitting and compliance issues.   The  Beartrack
              mine  began  full scale operations in 1995.

              According to  the  USDA Forest Service,  there are  over 5,000
              inactive  mines  in Idaho covering over 27,500 acres.  Two
              inactive  mines  are currently Superfund sites (Bunker Hill and
              Blackbird).   Several others,  while not on the National
              Priorities  List,  are being addressed under  Superfund
              authorities.  Inventory and prioritization  are ongoing
              efforts.

              Oregon

             • Oregon currently  has the least  mining activity of the four
              Region 10 states.   Significant  metal deposits include the
              Grassy Mountain gold deposit in southeastern Oregon and the
              Bornite copper  deposit northeast of Salem.   Currently there


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              is no ongoing permitting activity at either  site,  although an
              EIS has been prepared for Bornite.  No mining  is  anticipated
              at these two site is  the near future.  Kinross  and the state
              of Oregon are currently in litigation regarding the Bornite
              project.

              Gravel/aggregate extraction  from rivers,  floodplains,  and
              upland  sites is the largest  type of mining in  the state.
               Demand for aggregate has outstripped production  due to the
              state's strong economy and strict land use laws.   Gravel
              mining  can have serious effects on salmon/fish  habitat.  Gold
              mining  is currently limited  to several placer mines in Baker,
              Grant, Josephine and  Lane counties.

              There are an estimated 3,500 inactive and abandoned sites in
              Oregon covering over  9,000 acres.  The White King/Lucky Lass
              uranium mine, an Oregon Department of Energy facility, is an
              active  Superfund site near Lakeview.  EPA is currently
              conducting an inactive mine  inventory and assessment in the
              Granite Creek watershed in the NE portion of the  State.

              Washington

              Washington produced 107,000  ounces of gold in  1995,  about one
              third of Idaho's production.  Nearly all  of  this  was produced
              from Echo Bay's Kettle River Lamefoot mine near Republic, the
              only major gold mine  operating in Washington.   The Crown
              Jewel Gold Mine project in Okanogan County is  the only large
              new mine currently proposed.  It is in the EIS  and permitting
              phase.  Exploration work continues in the Wenatchee gold
              belt, in the Wind River deposit (Skamania County)  and in
              areas adjacent to the Pend Oreille Mine near Metaline Falls.

              There is no current estimate available for inactive and
              abandoned mines in Washington.  The Cannon Mine in Wenatchee
              closed  in 1994 and Hecla Mining's Republic Unit closed in
              early 1995. Closure of the Sherwood Mine  has been cited as an
              example of a successful reclamation effort.  They are now in
              the reclamation phase.  In the N.E. portion  of  the state the
              Midnite Mine and Dawn Mill are in the early  stages of
               reclamation planning. The Holden Mine near  Lake  Chelan is an
              abandoned copper mine that is one of the  state's  and USFS'
              top priority Superfund cleanup sites.

              STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT

              In recognition of the cross-media nature  of  mining
              activities, and given the lack of any overarching federal law
              that addresses the environmental impacts  of  mining
              activities, Region 10 staff  involved with mining  formed a
              Regional Mining Workgroup  (RMW) in 1994.  The main purpose
              was to  create a sector-based approach that would  promote
              better coordination among different media programs dealing
              with the same or similar mining issues.   In  1995,  Region 10
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              management  selected a Regional Mining  Coordinator  (Nick Ceto)
              and an Office of Water Mining Specialist  (Bill  Riley)  who
              worked with the RMW to form a Regional Mining  'Core'  Team.
               This team  includes a representative from each  major  EPA
              program  that deals with mining.

              Early on the Core Team began development  of a Regional Mining
              Strategy.   The overall goal of the  Strategy is  to  determine
              where and how to invest the Region's limited resources that
              are available to address mining  issues so as to obtain the
              highest  possible return in terms of environmental  protection
              and restoration.

              The Core Team met regularly for  several months  to  develop a
              draft Regional Mining Strategy using the  following four step
              process:

              Step 1:  MINING PROFILE - identify information needed  to
              understand  problems and issues with mining and  set priorities
              for action.

              The Core Team, along  with other  members of the  RMW, and with
              assistance  from a summer intern,  developed a Regional Mining
              Profile  to  provide the "big picture" regarding  mining
              activity in Region 10.  The Profile consists of fact  sheets
              for the  major proposed, operating and  inactive  mining
              facilities  in each state.  Staff supplemented this with
              general  information on mining that  describes trends in the
              industry for each state.  These  will be updated annually.

              Staff also  compiled a "who's who" directory of  people from
              various  state and federal agencies  involved with managing
              mining activities.  This includes an internal  'directory', of
              EPA staff currently working as part of discrete teams on the
              many mining projects  in our Region.  Lastly, Nick  Ceto and
              Bill Riley  met with officials in each  state to  learn  more
              about each  state's authorities and  capabilities to deal with
              current  and future mining issues.   The Profile  includes a
              compendium  of selected state regulations  that identify State
              authorities and the nature of their specific mining programs.

              Step 2:  TOOL SHARPENING - identify  deficiencies in the policy
              area regarding tools/authorities for directing  action.

              The Core Team spent a considerable.amount of time  reviewing
              all of the  'tools' in the EPA mining toolkit.   Team members
              identified  tools that are working well, those that need fine
              tuning  (or  don't work at all) and areas where we need further
              policy development to allow us to use  the tool(s)  more
              effectively.  The toolkit concept is also a fundamental
              element  of  the National Hardrock Mining Framework.  Tool
              analysis focused on EPA responsibilities,  however  Region 10
              recognizes  that Agency programs  must be considered in the
              context  of  the critically important role  played by other
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              State,  Federal,  tribal  and local  environmental  agencies.

              Step  3:  RESOURCE FOCUSING/PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION -identify,
              prioritize  and  implement  actions  that will address/resolve
              problems identified to  date.

              Based on the  information  gathered in  steps one  and two,  as
              well  as  the collective  experience and knowledge of the Core
              Team,  Region  10  staff developed a set of  "strategic
              principles" and associated tasks  to put  those principles into
              action.   These  are  presented  in the following sections.   They
              include  elements of the Region 10 Office  of Water Mining Plan
              which was developed earlier in the year by the  Office of
              Water Mining  Team.

              Step  4:  MONITORING  - establish tracking/monitoring systems to
              determine whether the actions we  have implemented are
              achieving desired results.

              A  fundamental principle of any strategy  should  be a feedback
              system to assess whether  the  strategy is  working.   The Core
              Team  agreed that every  task should have an associated measure
              of success  so that  continual  progress can be made in an
              iterative,  adaptive manner (see Strategic Principle #10)

              STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES

              In order to design  and  implement  an effective program to
              fulfill  agency  responsibilities in managing the environmental
              concerns posed  by mine  sites  in Region 10,  ten  Strategic
              Principals  were identified to guide program improvements.

              1)  UNDERSTAND THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MINING - Mining
              has a significant impact  on the environment in  Region 10.
               Impacts typically  include large  areas of land  disturbance,
              loss  of  habitat,  changes  in water quality and quantity,  and a
              variety  of  secondary and. tertiary impacts.  It is essential to
              clearly  understand  these  impacts  to develop an  effective EPA
              Region 10 Mining Strategy and to  deal with environmental
              concerns at individual  sites  where EPA has a regulatory
              responsibility.

              2)  EARLY INVOLVEMENT in  new  mining operations  is critical -
              Region 10 needs  to  be actively involved in the  earliest
              stages of mine  site evaluation and planning.  As our
              understanding of the impacts  of mining improves it will be
              critical to apply these lessons learned to new  site
              development.  A pro-active approach to problem  identification
              and problem solving is  far preferable to  a reactive mode.
               Predictive tools should  be improved,  and widely applied, to
              maximize the  value  of early involvement.

              3)  DEVELOPING  EFFECTIVE  PARTNERSHIPS with other agencies,
              states,  and industry -  EPA needs  to be an effective partner
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              with other  stakeholders  to maximize our  contribution to
              overall  improvements  in  addressing environmental issues in
              the mining  sector.  States and  other federal  agencies often
              provide  a leadership  role in mine site management.  By sharing
              our experience and  expertise,  and learning from trie
              experience  of others, we will  be able to leverage our limited
              resources to achieve  greater benefits. Effective,  well
              targeted outreach is  a necessity.

              4) FOCUS EFFORTS ON PRIORITY SITES/WATERSHEDS  - EPA has
              limited  resources to  devote to mining.   Consequently,
              resources must be devoted to the highest priority problems.
               This  is particularly important in dealing with inactive and
              abandoned mines.

              5) USE EXISTING TOOLS MORE EFFECTIVELY - There are many tools
              available to address  the environmental consequences of
              mining.  EPA, states, other federal agencies,  local
              government, and tribes all have programs,  both regulatory and
              non-regulatory, that  apply to  mine sites.  A primary element
              of this  strategy is to understand the tools  available to EPA
              and others  to address mining,  and to use them  more
              effectively.

              6) MAINTAIN/ENHANCE IN-HOUSE TECHNICAL EXPERTISE - Mine site
              environmental issues  are very  complex.   Many disciplines are
              called upon to fully  evaluate  potential  mine site impacts.
               Experience has taught us that it is imperative that EPA have
              competent in-house  staff to evaluate mining  projects.  This
              technical capability  is  essential to EPA program delivery and
              increases our credibility with State and federal partners,
              and the  regulated community.   By sharing our expertise we can
              build  the capacity  of our partners.  We  can  also enhance our
              own expertise by working more  closely with the regulated
              community,  and other  mining stakeholders,  to solve problems
              of mutual interest.

              7)  MAINTAIN A PRIMARY POINT OF CONTACT  ON MINING ISSUES -
              Creation of the Regional Mining Coordinator  and the Office of
              Water  Mining Specialist  positions has been instrumental to
              the progress made in  working with mines  in the Region over
              the past year.  It  is also important to  maintain a primary
              contact  for the States of Alaska and Idaho,  the most active
              mining states in the  Region.   These are  also states where EPA
              continues to implement the NPDES program.  State contacts are
              crucial  to  early and  effective EPA involvement in site
              scoping  activities.

              8)  UTILIZE A TEAM  APPROACH TO SITE MANAGEMENT - A
              multi-disciplinary  team  is the most effective  way to manage
              both the Regional Mining Program, and EPA involvement at
              individual  sites.

              9) PROMOTE  SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL  IMPROVEMENTS -
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               Improvements are needed in the analytical tools used to
               predict  and mitigate mine impacts.  . A better understanding of
               the  nature of both existing and future impacts will assure
               the  best possible solutions.   Promoting innovative, cost
               effective technologies for mine site management is another
               critical priority.

               10)  EVALUATE OUR PROGRESS AND MAKE IMPROVEMENTS - The Mining
               Team is  committed to continued improvements in program
               delivery.   Evaluating our effectiveness in contributing to
               achievement of environmental  goals will assist in determining
               needed refinements.


               STRATEGIC ACTIONS

               The  following action items are presented according to the
               strategic principle they are  designed to promote:

               1. Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Mining

               a. Use a CIS-based system to  overlay mining sites/districts
               with impaired waterbodies to  identify potential mine related
               impairments.

                       b. Continue investigations of alternative waste
                       management techniques, such as dry and submarine
                       tailings disposal.

                       c. Work with states/tribes and other partners to
                       identify mine site impacts.


               2. Early Involvement

                       a. Continue active participation in the  Idaho Joint
                       Review Process.

                       b. Assign teams to all major new mine projects where
                       EPA has regulatory responsibilities to improve the
                       effectiveness of EPA participation.

                       c. Emphasize pollution prevention by comprehensively
                       addressing environmental issues early in the EIS and
                       permitting process. This includes completing an EIS
                       Scoping Letter for Mine sites and developing  mining
                       specific NPDES permit application requirements  (to
                       address hydrologic modeling,  treatability studies,
                       and acid rock drainage concerns).


               3. Developing Effective Partnerships

                       a. Host a new/proposed mine permitting workshop for
                       Region 10 states and federal agencies.


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                       b.  Distribute a list of mining expertise/experience
                       to Regional partners.

                       c.  Develop and distribute a Region 10 Mining
                       Newsletter as a cooperative effort with  partners,
                       including industry.

                       d.  Host an EPA/Industry forum where mining executives
                       and EPA program managers can meet to discuss the
                       future of mining in Region 10 and identify areas of
                       common interest.

                       e.  Evaluate options for recognizing environmentally
                       sound mining practices in Region 10; include
                       Northwest Mining Associaton (NWMA) in this effort.

                       f.  Continue funding of, and participation in,  the
                       Tri-State agreement, a cooperative effort with
                       Washington, Idaho, and Oregon to share information
                       and expertise on mining issues.

                       g.  Provide technical assistance to state and federal
                       agencies in complex technical areas, such as
                       hydrology, waste characterization, and water quality
                       modeling.

                       h.  Continue efforts to understand each state's mining
                       program and explore ways to complement rather than
                       duplicate state efforts.


               4.  Focus  Efforts on Priority Sites/Watersheds

                       a.  Host a Regional meeting on inactive and abandoned
                       mine sites to discuss inventories and priority
                       setting.

                       b.  Continue to' use the Core Mining Team  to set
                       priorities for evaluating newly proposed mining
                       projects.


               5.  Use  Existing Resources  More Effectively

                       a.  Conduct in house cross-program training on mining
                       "tools".

                       b.  Implement innovative "pilots" for existing
                       authorities (e.g., use of NPDES stormwater permits at
                       inactive mines).

                       c.  Provide negotiation training to mining team
                       members.


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                       d. Develop a Multi-Media  inspection  checklist for
                       distribution to industry  to  assist mines  in achieving
                       compliance goals.

                       e. Work with HQ and other Regions to resolve
                       implementation issues presented  by the  National
                       Toxics Rule.

                       f. Through the Eastside Forest Management Plan
                       process, EPA should help  to  develop  standards for
                       mining on eastside forests that  will provide adequate
                       protection for important  aquatic and riparian
                       resources.
               g.  Work with mining stakeholders to understand
               technical and administrative barriers to development
               of  centralized mine waste repositories in areas of
               historic mining and propose options for overcoming
               those obstacles.

               6.  Maintain/Enhance In-House Technical Expertise

                       a. Attend mining conferences, present papers  on
                       mining and the environment.

                       b. Fund training for Region 10 staff on mine  site
                       issues.

                       c. Host "brownbags"  on mining  issues;  include
                       external partners.

                       d. Maintain a mining library  within the Regional
                       Office.

                       e. Continue participation in  National workgroups.
               7.  Maintain a Primary Point of Contact for Mining Issues

                       a. Continue to support Regional Mining  Coordinator
                       and Office of Water Mining Specialist positions
                       (these
              positions act as primary contacts for Washington and Oregon)

                       b. Continue to support Dave Tomten as  100  mining
                       contact, and formalize the Regional commitment to
                       this position.

                       c. Establish an AOO, and perhaps  SE Alaska, mining
                       contact.
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              8. Utilize a Team Approach to Site Management

                       a.  A cross-program team will be designated  for each
                      •priority site.   The Core Team will determine Regional
                       priorities.

                       b.  Continue to utilize the Core Mining Team and
                       Regional Mining Workgroup to consult on  site specific
                       issues.
              9. Promote  Scientific  and Technological Improvements

                       a.  Develop siting guidelines and information
                       requirements for evaluating proposed sites.

                       b.  Fund the Coeur d'Alene Basin innovative  technology
                       demonstration project.

                       c.  Work with the NWMA to identify innovative
                       approaches to mine site management and publicly
                       recognize the facility operators.

                       d.  Encourage EPA technical experts to present
                       papers/poster sessions at appropriate conferences and
                       workshops.
              10. Evaluate Our Progress  and Make Improvements

                       a.  Incorporate specific measures of success  for each
                       action item in the Regional Mining Workplan  when
                       developed (it will be based on this strategy) .

                       b.  Conduct a qualitative evaluation of our mine
                       project reviews.

                       c.  Evaluate progress in addressing inactive  and
                       abandoned mines in priority watersheds annually.

                       d.  Provide an annual progress report on implementing
                       the Regional Mining Strategy.

                       e.  Seek feedback from our partners.
              STATE-BY-STATE PRIORITIES

              While the action items displayed above are pertinent to all
              our states,  there are certain priorities  that warrant an
              emphasis on  a state-by-state basis.
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              Alaska

              The  extensive  exploration  work  underway is  likely to create
              an even  larger EIS  and permitting workload  in the near
              future.  Given the  numerous  on-going EIS, permitting and
              compliance  issues that are already overtaxing staff
              capabilities,  this  new workload suggests that Alaska be given
              top  priority for building  partnerships  and  providing up-front
              assistance,  in  the mine planning and evaluation process.  The
              following strategic actions  would help  prepare Region 10 for
              the  increased  mining workload:

              a. Assign a full-time mining specialist to  the Alaska
              Operations  Office to serve as a front-line  point of contact.

                       b.  Develop  an interagency team, composed of key
                       contacts  from other  federal and state agencies, that
                       would  help  coordinate Alaska mining issues
                       (particularly new mine NEPA and permitting) in a
                       fashion similar to the Idaho Joint  Review Process.

                       c.  Seek to  invest EPA research or AC&C funds in
                       Alaska-specific mining issues  (e.g.,  tailings
                       disposal  in steep, wet climates or  in permafrost
                       areas; reclamation of placer mines) .


              With respect to inactive and abandoned  mines  (lAMs),  a
              meeting  was held with the  USFS,  Alaska  DOL, NFS,  USGS,  BLM,
              and  the  Alaska Miners Association on November 5,  1996  to
              discuss  IAM inventories and  begin developing  a strategy for
              future work.   EPA will support  this effort  as an integral
              part of  the implementation of the Regional  strategy in
              Alaska.

              Idaho

              The  state of Idaho  has recently developed the Idaho Joint
              Review Process (JRP)  which promises to  be an  effective means
              for  interagency communication and coordination on mining.   To
              make the most  of this opportunity the following actions are
              recommended.

                       a.  Maintain a full-time mining specialist in the
                       Idaho  Operations Office to serve as a front-line
                       point  of  contact.

                       b.  Through  the JRP,  determine what  EPA resources are
                       most critical to properly evaluate  mining projects
                       (proposed,  existing  and inactive).


              lAMs will continue  to be a priority in  Idaho.   EPA will
              continue to work with state  and federal agencies to identify
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Mining Strategy                           http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup...de79ad8825650900809819?OpenDocument


              priority  sites and work with  our partners  to implement
              cost-effective cleanups.

              Oregon

              Given the focus on gravel mining and  salmon  recovery issues
              the  following action  is recommended.

              a. Continue  to work with the  Oregon Division of Geology and
              Mineral Industries through  the  Tri-State Agreement to develop
              BMP' s for aggregate mining  that could benefit salmon recovery
              efforts.

              Oregon does  not have  a comprehensive  inventory of IAM sites,
              although  a number of  agencies have done some limited site
              assessment.  EPA will work  with the State  and other federal
              agencies  to  identify  priority IAM  sites and  provide
              appropriate  support for cleanup initiatives.   For example,
              EPA  is currently helping to identify  potential lAMs requiring
              cleanup in the Granite Creek  watershed in  NE Oregon, as well
              as providing technical support  to  the USFS for specific IAM
              projects.

              Washington

              The  Crown Jewel proposal in Okanogan  County  continues to be a
              controversial project.  EPA should continue  to support
              evaluating the potential environmental impacts of the project
              and  to work  cooperatively with  the USFS, Ecology and other
              entities  through the  permitting phase.

              Currently the State of Washington  considers  the Holden Mine
              Site near Lake Chelan to be the highest priority IAM.  EPA is
              providing technical support to  the USFS in evaluating cleanup
              options for  this site.  Region  10 will continue to provide
              support   for priority lAMs  in Washington.

              Canada

              The  boom  in  gold mining affects our neighbors to the north as
              well.  Unfortunately, a number  of Canadian mining operations
              could have potentially significant impacts on cross-boundary
              waters, most of them  affecting  southeast Alaska (e.g.,
              Tulsequah Chief).  There is also the  potential for American
              .mines  (e.g., the Crown Jewel  project)  to affect Canadian
              waters.   Therefore the following action is recommended.

                      a. EPA  should maintain  a  regular  dialogue with
                      Canadian officials, as  well  as state officials in
                      Alaska  and Washington,  to  keep abreast of new mining
                      proposals and to assure that  the  potential  impacts  to
                      cross-boundary waters are  properly addressed and
                      mitigated.
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Mining Strategy                             http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup...de79ad8825650900809819?OpenDocument


               CONCLUSION

               The mining industry in the NW and Alaska devotes  considerable
               resources to identifying and managing environmental concerns
               as an integral component of mine  site development and
               operation. Clearly  mining practices have improved
               considerably in the past decade.   Nonetheless, modern mines
               can still pose potential environmental threats in spite of
               improved practices  to mitigate environmental concerns.
                Ongoing and potential environmental  impacts posed by both
               current and historic mining in the Region are significant,
               particularly in Idaho and Alaska.

               Region 10's Mining  Strategy seeks to  address the  challenges
               posed by historic,  active, and proposed mines.  The Strategic
               Principles developed by the Mining Team will guide efforts  to
               design and implement a more effective mining program.  The
               specific initiatives to be undertaken were developed to
               provide both short-term improvements,   as well as long-term
               refocusing of our mining program.   Three critical themes
               guide this effort:  good science and engineering early  in the
               planning process is essential to  managing environmental
               concerns; priorities must be established (both programmatic
               and geographic); and finally, we  must work in partnership
               with  others to increase our effectiveness and support the
               work  of others.


                                  [ Main Cleanup | Site List | Brownfields ]
                            [ Super-fund | CERCLIS Reports | FOIA | Records Center ]
                                Unit: Emergency Response/Site Cleanup Unit 1
                                       Point of contact: Nick Ceto
                                    E-Mail: ceto. nick @ epamail. epa. gov
                                      Phone Number: (206) 553-1816
                                        Last Updated: 12/24/97
     The following is the Universal Resource Locator (URL) for this page:
     http://epainotes1.rtpnc.epa.gov:7777/r10/cleanup.nsf/webpage/Mining+Strategy
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