EPA-440/9-76-012
CRITERIA DOCUMENT
ENDRIN
-------
CRITERIA DOCUMENTS FOR TOXIC POLLUTANTS
Scientific rationale and criteria developed pursuant to Section :>07(a)
of th« Federal Water Pollution Control Act. I'. I,. ;)2-r>00, 33 U. S. C. §§ 1251
et seq.. (1072). for the development and establishment of effluent limitations
for toxic substances are set forth in the following chapters.
Section 307(a)(2) states inter alia that a proposed effluent standard
".... shall take into account the toxicity of the pollutant, its persistence,
degradability, the usual or potential presence of the affected organisms in
any water, the importance of the affected organisms and the nature and extent
of the effect of the toxic pollutant on such organisms..." Thereafter, having '
considered these factors, the Administrator is to set an effluent standard
for toxic pollutants which provides an ample margin of safety.
In the development of criteria which serve as both the basis and the goal
for the establishment of effluent limits, reliance was placed on the toxicity
data derived from laboratory studies on a range of organisms including
invertebrate, vertebrate, arid mammalian test species. These studies
provided extensive acute and chronic toxicity data based on feeding experi-
ments for a wide range of aquatic organisms and consumers of aquatic
organisms. Environmental studies documenting bioaccumulatiqn in the food
web of the toxic material by the food chain organisms and bioconcentration
by organisms directly from water provided an important component data
base upon which criteria were derived. Appropriate human toxicity data
. and mammalian carcinogenic studies, where available, were used also in
developing criteria. \
-------
Aquatic toxicity data generally are obtained by one of two basic
methods, the static and flow-through bioassay. The more traditional
static bioassay employs a tank in which the test organisms are living
and to which a given concentration of toxicant is added. Any water
loss due to evaporation is made up by the addition of fresh water. The
flow-through bioassay, which is a more recent development, reflects ,
more nearly the natural conditions. Concentrations of toxic substances
are constantly maintained and provide a more accurate test of sensitivity
of aquatic species. Water in a flow-through test is replenished constantly
through flushing. Comparative results using the static and flow-through
bioassay s demonstrate that flow-through data yield lower toxicity values
for a pollutant than a static bioassay. This fact is demonstrated by
comparative studies as discussed in the endrin document. However,
most of the data available were developed using static bioassay s.
Some toxic pollutants are extremely stable and degrade only slowly
or form persistent degradation products. Those pollutants which degrade
rapidly pose a less severe long-term hazard unless their entry to
the environment is continuous. A parent compound, e.g., aldrin, may
rapidly degrade or be altered to a more toxic form, i. e., dieldrin.
Bioconcentration of toxic pollutants is a significant consideration in
the development of criterion. The rate and degree of accumulation in
an animal and the rate of loss from the animal are factors that help
define the potential magnitude of the pollution load problem. As an
-------
3
example, a pollutant which bioaccumulates presents a hazard both to
aquatic systems and potentially to man or other carnivores associated
with the ecosystem. To satisfactorily manage a persistent or
non-degradable pollutant requires the maintenance of a ceilinrj for
ambient levels in water which will afford protection to the food chain
and the consumers of aquatic life (animals including humans). The
body burden of toxic pollutants in fish or food chain organisms may
have no outward effect on the species but will affect consumers of that food
level. As an example, the brown pelican, when feeding on endrin-contaminated
fish may die or suffer species depletion through reproductive impairment.
Data on toxic effects of pollutants are not available for all species
that may be exposed to the toxic pollutant in these complex societies.
Such data would be necessary to ensure protection of the most sensitive
species. It is desirable to know the relative sensitivity of a wide
variety of species in order to have a better estimate of the sensitivity
of the untested, most sensitive species. Because such data are not
available on all species, the range in sensitivity of a small number of
tested species is used to provide a measure of the range of sensitivity ]
... . j
of all species. . i
i
The natural aquatic environment includes many kinds and life stages \
1 - !
of plants and animals that are intricately interrelated to form communities. |
Criteria are developed to protect these interrelationships and incorporate j
aquatic toxicity data for a phylogenetic cross section of organisms as well as
-------
species representative of wide geographic distribution. Chronic
studies are an important consideration in establishing criteria and require
Htu.dius of at least one generation, i.e.,, one reproductive ryrlc. Use of
an application factor for persistent and bioaccumulated toxic pollutants
represents consideration of a safety factor. As discussed in the
National Academy of Science publication on water quality (p. 185 of
the NAS/NAE Water Quality Criteria -- 1972. GPO-5501-00520). the
use of an application factor of 0. 01 when applied to acute toxic values
is thought to provide an ample margin of safety for certain chlorinated -
hydrocarbon pesticides. .
Ecological importance of an organism is dependent on the
role the organism plays within the ecosystem and upon its relationship
to the food chain within the aquatic community and to consumers of
aquatic life, including man. Thus, toxicity data for the top.carnivores
in a given ecosystem, as well as economically important species such
as trout, salmon, menhaden and shrimp are needed for the development
of a protective criteria level. Toxicity data for organisms such as the
stonefly and Daphnia are of equivalent importance since these organisms
are a food base for higher consumers and are representative of invertebrate
species found in most waters of the United States.
Invertebrate species, such as the stonefly and the Daphnia, are an
indication of the integrity of the aquatic food chain and -their presence
may be the controlling factor for the abundance of economically and
-------
recreationally important predators such as trout, bass or pike. While
these, fish may not directly consume the Daphnia or stonefly or, in
fact, even inhabit the same waters, these lower order organisms are
representative of the food chain base supporting predators.
Criteria levels, by their nature, are developed to protect aquatic
organisms and consumers of aquatic life from direct toxic effect when
placed on contact with the toxic pollutants; and, to protect from a
more insidious and even greater danger, e.g., chronic effects. - .
Chronic effects take the form of reproductive failures or the poisoning
of predators consuming food organisms which have bio accumulated levels
of toxic pollutants as in the case of the brown pelican and consuming
endrin loaded fish (see Attachment D, Endrin), and a variety of other
physiological effects as discussed in the various documents. Decreases
in aquatic organisms or consumers of aquatic life not always are coupled
to point source discharges of toxic pollutants at concentrations below
acute toxic levels; however, the addition of toxic levels which are not
acutely toxic can achieve the destruction or at least disruption of aquatic
systems by causing reproduction of failure. Hence, the need for application
factors. The relationships between discharges of toxic pollutants and
effects on important organisms of economic and environmental importance
and consumers of these organisms are well documented in the criteria
documents.
-------
6
' ' ' i
An approach to criteria development is to provide ample protection j
. - - . i
of the test species on the assumption that the response of these species i
will be characteristic of other associated organisms in the aijuuit-. j
i
-'. . i
envi ronment. A number of species have been considered in establishing |
a criteria
Use of mammalian systems to determine the carcinogenic potential
of toxicants found in water follows the same principle as use of aquatic
. " .'***'.-
organisms to determine toxicity to fish and other organisms. Carcinogenic
substances pose a special hazard to man through environmental exposure.
Cancer producing substances may reach man by several distinct pathways.
The following four criteria documents for aldrin/dieldrin, DDT and its
metabolites, endrin and toxaphene. represent a survey of the scientific
literature documenting the effects of these toxic pollutants to aquatic
life and consumers of aquatic life including man. A glossary of terms is
provided to define the terms used throughout the documents and will be
expanded as necessary when additional documents are added.
-------
ENDRIN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Preamble.....;. .. .1
II. Chemical-Physical Properties........*...............2
HI. Tox1colog1cal Aspects. .7
a. Invertebrates..................................9
b. Vertebrates. .13
1. Fish......................................13
2. Birds .......;.... ...18
3. Mammals...................................18
4. Human.. ...........22
IV. Environmental Fate and Effects , .........23
V. Criteria Formulation...... ......32
VI. References. 37
Appendix A: Fish Kill Data
Appendix B: Brown Pelican Mortality Data
Appendix C: FDA Guideline for Endrin in Fish
-------
Endrin
I* Preamble ~ , '-
A
*
V
'Endrin is a pesticide which has been widely used over
the years on cotton and sugarcane crops to control insect
pests such as the boil weevil and the sugarcane borer. It
;/:-V --.'.-':'"".' ''-, '-"'- '-''/ ;-'- -;" ".".'. . ''--, .,' :;' ' ^'. :':\'..l
."has had decreased use in recent years because qf the
resisrtance developed by target species, but is still found
;to be effective for the control of some pests in some areas'
;'
when used alone or in combination with other pesticides.
* * -
Endrin is one of the most toxic.substances known for
A.
. non-target aquatic organisms such as fish and crustaceans
and is highly toxic to birds. It has been shown to persist
. in soil for periods as long as 11 years and to accumulate,
> especially in fatty tissues, in aquatic food chain .
. ^organisms. As a result of the data and analysis set forth
; in this document, the 'criterion recommended fop the' preyent1n«--of
damage from exposure of aquatic life 1s 0.004 ug/1. ^^ -:j -v r--^
-------
IT, Physical/Chemical Properties
Endrin (I,2v3»4,10,10
l,<»,4a,5,6,7,8, 8a-octahydro^l,tt, -endo, -5,8-endp-
dimethanonaphthaiene) is one of the chlorinated cyclbdiene .
pesticides. It is an off-white crystalline substance,
soluble in non-polar solvents and slightly soluble in water.
Because it is a non-polar compound it apparently forms
molecular aggregates of indefinite size in water, with the
result that there is no clear line of demarcation, between
V ; ''''- ''' '' ' ' '' "': ..'./'.
^uissolved" and "suspended" material (1). Thus,, any
solubility determination is affected by the degree of
settling or filtration which precedes analysis for
"dissolved" endrin. Richardson and Miller in 1960 (2)
reported the solubility of endrin in water as 230, 380* and
510 ug/1 at 25°C, 35°C, and 15°C, respectively. The Lower
Mississippi River Technical Assistance Project in: 1969 (1)
rfound the solubility at 25°C to be 260 ug/1 for particles up
to.5 microns in diameter and 190 ug/1 for particles up to
0.05 microns. . -L _
-------
- Because of its non-polar structure, endrin dissolves
more readily in fat. a than in water, a property common to
organic pesticides which bioaccumulate. Like other
non-polar molecules in an aqueous environment, endrin can be
strongly adsorbed by par ticu late matter, a property of -
considerable importance in its distribution between liquid
and solid phases in a receiving water. It has been shown
that endrin is resistant to leaching from bottom sediments
(3) and from watersheds to which it has been applied
Endrin can undergo rearrangement during prolonged
storage to yield a ketone (5). It also undergoes
isomerization to ketone and aldehyde forms at temperatures
in the vicinity of 200 °C (5). Monochromatic ultraviolet
light and sunlight can cause the same rearrangement as heat
(6,7). Burton and Pollard (6) demonstrated that June
sunlight could stimulate the isomerization of 65 percent of
the endrin exposed on glass plates. Zabik et al., (7)
.reported that 80 percent of endrin exposed to ultraviolet
light at 253.7 and 300 run was converted to the half-cage
ketone, 1,8-exo-9r 11, 1L- pentachloropentacycla { 6. 2.l"*1
.0 ' .0 ' ] dodecan-5-one and stated that this compound h
been detected in the field. Asai, et al. (8) showed that
-------
endrin was rapidly decomposed to the ketone and aldehyde
forms at 25°C on air-dried soil samples and that the
'presence of moisture.prevented this loss. ~ -
The physical properties of endrin are summarized in
Table 1.
-------
Table 1
Summary of physical properties of endrin
Property
Description
Empirical formula
Jtolecular weight
x^lammabilit.y
Corrosive action
Physical state at 68°P.
Color
odor
Insoluble residue, percent weight
Density, q/cm (20)
Setting point, °P.
Bulk density, Ihs/cu ft.
Endrin content, percent by weight
minimum (technical grade)
Chlorine content
380.76
Nonflammable .
Noricorrosive . '-.. -
flowable crystals
off-white to light tan
mild chemical
less than 0.5 in xylene
1.75 _ .
rearranges .when heated above 390°P
55-60";'>:- .' ---: -..'-Vv.--/'-1 .. -"-.- '
95 ' :.'.:'.'-,i-'; '; --' -T- -
55-57 percent
-------
Free acid (percent by weight) less than O^V calc,-
- as acetic acid
solubility at 77«P. 5 ...-.-.-.-
-:;-:-. Xylene 3.3 Ib/gal. (approx.)
-. Aliphatic hydrocarbons low, abbut Q.1 Ib/gai,
Methyl alcohol sparingly :
Water 230 ug/1 at 25«C
-------
Ill, Toxlcoloaical Aspects
Toxic effects resulting from the presence of endrin in
water have been documented for aquatic organisms -
representing a wide phylogenetic cross section and :
geographic distribution. While all test organisms used may
not be universally distributed in the waters of the United
States, they represent types of organisms present in fresh,
marine and estuarine systems throughout the country.
Extrapolation from the effects found in laboratory and field
tests is a reliable means for predicting effects of endrin
>i individual organisms and their food chains and is
recognized as such by the scientific community. :
Bioaccumulation of a toxicant may begin with those
organisms forming the bases of food webs, for example
mosquito larvae, with,subsequent adverse effects on the
higher predatory organisms. "-,:' . .
Since only a small fraction of the total number of -
..aquatic species can be subjected to toxicological testing
and since laboratory conditions dictate the use of organisms
suited to captivity, the most sensitive and important
-------
8
organisms in a given aquatic system may easily escape
testing. , ' ";.'"'' ', ... ' '' '-"''-'" . ../'
Thus, while available data may not represent either the
most sensitive or most important sensitive organism at a
given geographical location, the data are indicative of
predictable toxicological effects in the aquatic
environment. .
it should be noted that the LC50 values reported for
static tests are likely to be substantially higher than LC50
\
ilues found using flow-through bioassays. For instance.
Earnest in 1970 (13) found a 96-hour TL50 (LCSO) of U.7 ug/1
of endrin for Korean shrimp Palaemon macrodactvlus using a
static bioassay and a TL50 (LCSO) of 0.30 ug/1 using an
intermittent-flow bioassay. This may explain why Katz in
1961 (17) reported a 96-hour TLm of 1.2 ug/1 in fresh water
for Chinook salmon, Oncorhvnchus kisutch, while Earnesst in
1970 (13) calculated a value of 0.14 ug/1, about one-tenth
of the static bioassay value, from freshwater/intermittent-
flow bioassay data. These data suggest loss of toxicant in
static bioassays. Static tests in which dissolved oxygen
and toxicant concentrations are measured periodically are
-------
more reliable than those in which these parameters are not
'monitored. The flow-through bioassays more accurately 1
reflect nature, where "container wall" effects^ are likely to
be-negligible and where the volume of water per fish, is much
greater, v. ."';:.'.;' . "/'. .'. .. "-" .-_..'- ".. " ' v
A review of published toxicity values shows that endrin
is extremely toxic to many fish (9) and to invertebrate
species such as the stone flies (10) and shrimp (12, Ul). The
daphnids appear less sensitive (11).
Endrin is acutely toxic to birds and mammals (:32, 29>
26, 27). Human poisoning resulting from accidental
consumption of endrin-contaminated food also has been
reported (73). "
A. Invertebrates .
The stonefly, Pteronarcys californica, appears: to be
marginally more sensitive to endrin than either:.- _ , r
%
Eteronarcella badia or Claassenia sabulosa (10li^_r_Sanders
and Cope (10) in 1968 reported the 18-hour LC50 value for PS.
californica as 0.96 ug/1 and the 96-hour LC50 aai_P_._2:5_ ug/1.
-------
10
The majority of the acute LC50 values for invertebrates :
ranged between 1.0 and 5.0 ug/1 (see Table 2);2 --.
..,. Eisler in 1969 found that the 96-hour LC50 values.for
sand shrimp, Crahgon septemspinosa, and grass shrimp, ^j_
Palaemgnetes vulgaris,. were 1.7 and 1.8 ug/1, Respectively,
in static bioassays (12). In intermittent-flowbioassays,
Earnest (13) reported the 96-hour TL50 (LC50)lvalues for
Korean shrimp,/ Palaemon macrodactylus to be 0.12 ug/1.
Schimmel et al. (41) reported an EC5Q value of 0.037 ug/1
for the.pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum in flow-through
bioassays. In other experiments it was found that a 48-hour
EC50 value for P. californica was 1.0 ug/1 (14). Finally,
Jensen and Gaufin (15) in 1966 determined the 96-hour TLm
values for Acroneuri a pacifica and P^ calif ornica to be O.JI2
and 2.4 ug/1, respectively; the 30-day TLm values for these
stoneflies were reported to be 0.035 and 1.2 ug/1,
respectively, in flow-through bioassays. Short-term - . -
toxicity values for a variety of invertebrates^ are shown in
Table 2. " ' '''' ' - .' :;--.- :.:'- ' -
-------
11
Table 2
Endrin LC50 Data for Invertebrates
Organism
Habitat Duration
Concentration Ref.
iuq/1)
Stonefly FW
Acrcneuria pacifica
Stonefly FW
Pteronarcys califomica
Jtonefly FW
Pt.eronarcella badia
Stonefly FW
Claassenia sabulosa
Amphipod FW
Gamma r us lacustris
"._.-- .-..
Korean shrimp SW
Palaemon macrodactylus
96 hr.
24 hr.
48 hr.
96 hr.
24 hr.
48 hr.
96 hr.
24 hr.
48 hr.
96 hr.
t
24 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
(F)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(F)
. - - ' ' ' -
0.32
4.0
0.96
0.25
2.8
1.7
0.54
3.2
: 0.84
0.76
.--,-_. ' ' / '
6.4
3.0
-. . ._ . : .. -, : - ; _
0.30
(16)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
JL10)
(10)
(16)
(16)
(13)
Sand shrimp SW
-------
12
Crangon 8eptemspinosa 96 hr. (S) 1.7 " (12)
Grass shrimp SW
Palaemonetes vulgar!s 96 hr^ (S) 1^8 _ CL2LI-
Hermit crab sw '. : . "' '-_-..-- /. '-:'- , - .-
Paoxirus lonaicarpus 96 hr. (S) 'i'_i2^.-0..... j 1L C12X -
Oysters SW
Crassostrea virainica 96 hr. (P) _^Il»:.,2:tEC.5-0) _0JL)._
Pink shrimp sw
Penaeus duorarum 96 hr. (F) L_JX^0.37 ~(J*1)
Grass shrimp SW
Palaemonetes pugio 96 hr.
-------
13
B. Vertebrates ' - ::^--r-T: -:.
. 1) ." Fish' ';: ,, ' ' .. ;. ' ." . ' '.. '- .. - --'
Of the commonly used insecticides, endrin is considered
to be one of the most toxic (17, 18). For example, Katz and
Chadwick in 1961 (19), cited 96-hour TLm values for a
variety of freshwater salmonid fishes (see Table 3) as
ranging from 0.27 ug/1 for coho salmon, Oncorhvnchus
kisutch, to 0.92 ug/1 for Chinook salmon. P.. tshawytscha.
Katz in 1961 (17) reported 96-hour Tim values for Chinook
Batmen, coho salmon, and rainbow trout as 1.2, 0.51, and
0.58 ug/lr respectively. Mount in 1962 (20) reported the
96-hour TLm for bluntnose minnows, Pimephales notatus, as
0.27 ug/1. The bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus. was reported
as having a 96-hour TLm (LC50) value of 0.6 uq/1 (19).
Ferguson et al. (21) conducted 36-hour TLm studies using the
black bullhead catfish, Ictalurus melas, and reported a
value of 0.37 ug/1. These fish species are widely
distributed throughout the fresh waters of the-United ~
States.. "'' . . : . ' - ' ' :: -- '
-------
14
Marine or estuarine studies also have been conducted -
usinq a variety of species representative of coastal United
States waters. Elsier (23) in 1970 reported static 96-?hour
-LC5.0 values to vary from 0.3 ug/1 for the striped killifish,
Fundulus maialls to 3.1 ug/1 for the Northern puffer, .'.'__, ;.;._
Sphaeroides maculatus. Katz in 1961 (17) 'repojrte_d_stajbic
96-hour TLm values of 0.44 and 0.50 ug/1 for marine
threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in waters
of 5 and 25 parts per thousand salinity, respectively.
Toxicity values for a variety of freshwater and marine
ishes are shown in Table 3.
-------
15
Table 3
Toxicity of Endrin to Various Fish Species
Type of LC50
Organism
Chinook salmon
Oncorhvnchus tshawytscha
Coho salmon
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
Coho salmon
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
Rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri
Rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri
Rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri
Bluntnose minnow
Pimephales notatus
(29.8 rnn in length)
Bluntnose minnow
Pimephales notatus
(40. 6 mm in length)
Bluntnose minnow
Pimephales notatus
(59.8 mm in length)
Fathead minnow
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill
Duration
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
18 hr.
96 hr.
Bioassay
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(0)
(U)
on .
(«) -----
(FSS)
(U) ':.
(ug/1)
1.2
0.51
0.27
0.58
0-90 .
0.86
0.27
0.29
._-:: O.U7
0.57(F)
0.77(S)
0.7
Bef.
(17)
(17)
(19)
(17)
(19)
(9)
(20)
(20)
(20)
(25)
(25)
Lepomis macrochirus
-------
Table 3 (cont.)
'' '...'-..- - "
Toxicity of Endrin to Various Fish Species
Type of LC50
Organism
Mosquito fish
Gambusia af finis
Channel Catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Northern Puffer
Sphaeroides maculatus
Mummichog
Fundulus heteroclitus
(42 mm in sizeT
Striped Killi fish
Fundulus majalis
(4o mm in size)
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
(57 mm in size)
Threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Chinook salmon (fresh water)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Chinook salmon (salt water)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Sheepshead minnows
Cyprinodon varie^atus
Sailfin raollie
Duration
36 hr.
48 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
96 hr.
Bioassay
(U)
(0)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
96 hr. (S)
(5ppt* salinity) _
(S)
(25 ppt* salinity)-
96 hr. (F) :
96 hr. (F) .-;':
96 hr. (F)
33 days (F)
96 hr. (F)
(ug/1)
d.5
1.0
3.1
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.44
0.50 ~
0.05
0.38
0.63
Raf.
(21)
(14)
(23)
(22)
(23)
(23)
(17)
m)
u«
(13)
(41)
(41)
-------
17.
Striped bass - . 96 hr. (F) : 0.094 '-'(71)
Morone saxatills ' " .": -. /;. .'";'. ; ' _:-.- V .-'-;. ; ';;- .'-.-: ./. -.'. ..".. ;
Shiner perch v 96 hr. (F) 0.12 (72)
Cvmatogaster aqqregata (S) jO.8' (.72) ^
Dwarf perch : '/ ''''.;"-:';/::;':...9.6 hr. "'''.'.'...;...: - ^.-XJvia : -. (721
^ Micrometrus minimus ; . ,; . . i.;'.;..^/-.- ; ;'; .;' ./::' ::.,; :'
Dwarf perch^::-:v-v?^T\::; -56;'^^. ''': ' -': (P)'/." ':1- 0.13" ' ."(72)
Micrometrus minimus (S) ' : 0.6 _ ___ (72)
Spot 2«» hr. (Fy O.U5 (69)
Leiostomus xanthurus ____ .^__ _ " . ..__ _:_^_::__
. . .'-..'.' : '. . . " ;' ' .. . -: -:
Striped mullet 24 hr. (F) 2*6 (69)
-: Muail cephalus ; - ; ;;>;' ' ' . . .'." " '._:.__ __ :'...; ___ _.-.,._ '-.'.-.
Menhaden : 24 hr. (F) . .. 0.80 (69)
Brevoortia patronus _' ____ ^__ _____ ; _______ _^__ ___ ^
killifish r 2«» hr. (F) 0.23 (69)
Fundulus similis ; . ___^: ..... __ . ____ ___^
Sheepshead minnow; 24 hr. (F) 0.32 (69)
Cvprinodon variecratus _ _ __ __ ,_!,_ _i_^. ___ _L
;S ». Static bioassay
F * Flow-through bioassay
0 * Undetermined whether static or flow-through bioassay
ppt -=.parts per thousand \ .
the flagfish, Jordanella floridae, (45) and the sheepshead-
-minnow/ Cyprinodon variegatusf (75) indicate that long-term protection- o££^
-the fishes 1and their reproductive abilities requires that the concentration rr:
^ enfcin be_ no greater than about three-tenths of their -respective LC50 values-
(45, 75J. -"." .-: '';';:.::';-~:- -- '',.-. . -.- ' .; - '-: ' . : ' ' '
-------
18
2) ..'-Birds '.-' ' -.'. .' . ' . ' ." -. -:."-;
. . Tucker and Crabtree in 1970 (26) fed birds single endrin
doses in capsules and computed the L050 for mallards as 5.6
mq/kg; for young pheasants, 1.8 mg/kg; and for pigeons 2.0
. to 5vO mg/kg» In 1965, Heath and Stickel (27) reported the
LC50 (mg/kg in diet) for bobwhite quail chicks as 15 mg/kg;
'for. pheasant chicks, 11 mg/kg; and for mallard ducklings, 21
mg/kg of endrin. ; These birds were fed endrin daily in their
food for 5 days at the stated concentrations.
3) Mammals
Tpxicity data for mammals are few. Oral LD50 values of
endrin to rats were reported to range from 1.8 to 43.0 mg/kg
of body weight (28). in a similar study, using rabbits, the
> LD50 values ranged from 5.0 to 10.0 mg/kg body weight (28).
! Treon et al. in 1955 reported an oral LD50 value pf__3 jng/lcg
j ;. body weight for monkeys (29) . Toxicity values for a variety
i ....;'of mammalian species are shown in Table 5. ; . :
-------
19
The mammalian toxicity of endrin in comparison with
other chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides can be seen in
Table «i,.-.'.. Table 5 shows the toxicity of endrin to several
species of mammals. -.:,.;.- f v
' '' . '. '' . .; .-''"' ." Table 4 '. '. . ' :' . : . '
Acute Oral and Dermal LD50 Values of Several Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons to Pats (32)
Compound
Oral LD50 (mq/kq)
Males Females
Toxaphene
DDT
Chlordane
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
90
113
335
39
46
18
80
118
430
60
. *-«.'.'
8
Dermal LD50 (mq/kq)
Hales Females
1075
- .
840
98
90
.
780
2510
:- _';- 690
98
'.:.." 60
: . 15
The Food and Drug Administration (see Attachment C} has
established an action level of 0.3 ppm (0.3 mg/kq) in
processed fish and shellfish. This guideline has been
-------
20
established to protect human consumers of fish and shellfish
from endrin intoxication. .':.r~- ----' . :
-------
21
Table 5
Toxicity of Endrin to Various Species of Mammals
Organism
Test
Concentration Ref.
White rat (M) (Sherman strain)
White rat (F) (Sherman Strain)
Rat (Cirworth strain)
guinea Pig (F)
Guinea Pig (M)
.Rabbit
Dog (Beagle)
Monkey
Oral L050
Oral LD50
Oral LOSO
Oral LD50
Oral LD50
Oral LD50
Oral LD50
17.8 mg/kg - (32)
7.5 mg/kg (32)
7.3 - 41 mg/kg (29)
16 mg/kg
36 mg/kg
5 - 10 mg/kg
10 mg/kg
(death within 6 wks.)
Oral LD50 3 mg/kg
(29)
(29)
(29)
(29)
(29)
-------
22
Human
Endrin has been reported to cause convulsions or death
in humans following consumption of contaminated foods, ~-
ihhalation or sorption. A compilation of data developed by
the Commission of the European Communities details the cases
both in the United states and abroad (73). It was reported
that convulsions begin at blood levels of 0.053 ug/ml.
However, there is a rapid elimination of endrin from the
blood. Within 30 minutes after convulsion was induced by
0.053 uq/ml blood levels, endrin could no longer be detected
in the blood.
-------
23
IV, Environmental Fate and Effects
Endrin may be transported to water bodies by direct
discharges from manufacturing plant effluent pipes, by
drifting air sprays applied to fields, and by runoff from
treated soils. Once in the aquatic environment it can
persist in the water column, or may enter sediments. Plants
or animals may bioaccumulate endrin. Transfer of endrin
from water to organism or sediment, or from organism to
organism has been shown to occur (4, 40, 44). Endrin-
.resistant strains of food organisms have been shown capable
of transferring lethal doses of the pesticide to fish,
reptiles or birds (44). Bioaccumulatipn levels in fish
. ' - . .. f .
found in nature have been reported as high as 12,000 ug/kg
of dry body weight, while 214,000 ug/kg (428 times the water
concentration) have been achieved in resistant fish living
in the laboratory (40).
Endrin can persist in soils for many years. For ~
instance, 41 percent of the endrin applied to a Beltsville,
Maryland, plot was present after fourteen years-(33). In
that case, the soil was not cropped as often as normal
agricultural soil and the insecticide was applied at very
-------
high levels (25 and 100 mq/Kg) and thoroughly mixed into the
soil. These conditions leave little of the pesticide on the
soil surface where volatilization and photodecomposition can
occur. It has been suggested that high rates .of-.application
of endrin might destroy soil organisms which could otherwise
decompose endrin (33). :
Winnett and Reed (34) in 1968 demonstrated that a single
endrin application of 3 to 6 pounds per acre produced
residues during the first two years in potatoes grown in the
toil. There is no indication that the soil itself was
ested. Solar, et al., in 1971 (35) reported that about 80
percent of the endrin residue in Irish and sweet potatoes
remained after 12 weeks storage.
On the other hand, Asai and associates (8) reported in
1969 that between10 and 80 percent of endrin decomposed on
air-dried soil at 25° C in twelve hours. The loss-primarily
was due to transformation of endrin to the ketone and
aldehyde forms. This decomposition was not apparent on wet
soils. Ultraviolet light also degrades endrin to a ketone,
which has been found in fields originally treated with
endrin (7) . Pa til et al. (36) "in 1970 tested twenty
-------
25
cultures of soil microorganisms and found that: all degraded
endrin. Studies of soils have consistently reported low or
absent endrin residues since the mid 1960*8 (37, 38).
Cole, et al, in 1968 (55) found that endrin applied Jto_
soil at 100,000 ug/kg decreased the weight (above ground) of
corn Zea mays. Growth of bean. Phaseolus vulgaris, plants
was retarded by endrin at 10,000 ug/kg.
Following the 7-day exposure of H algal species to 1
mg/1 of endrin, the algae concentrated endrin about 170- fold
hder the test conditions (49) . Batterton, et al. (5U)
reported in 1971 that the growth rates of two strains of
blue-green algae were decreased by endrin at concentrations
as low as 0.2 ug/1. One strain was also inhibited by the
. \ . . ' . " . -
metabolite ketoendrin at U75 ug/1, while growth of the other
was unaffected.
^ et al. in 1971 (U2) studied oysters in a Louisiana
estuary and concluded that uptake of pesticides depends on r
temperature (low temperature yields low uptake) and rainfall
(heavy rainfall increases uptake due to sediment input and
roiling) . r- : ;
-------
26
Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virqinica, were observed to:
concentrate endrin from water (*»2). Wilson (^a)'"reported in
1965 that oysters exposed to endrin at 1 ug/1 concentrated
it about 1,000 times during a 10-day exposure period. In
1966 Lowe (69) reported that an eight month exposure of
spot, Leiostomus xanthurus. to 0.05 ug/1 of endr in rasuLtad. _J
in whole body residues of 67 ug/q. A second test of five
months duration produced residues of 78 ug/q, a
concentration factor of 1560. When exposed fish were placed
in endrin-free water for 13 days no endrin was detectable in
their tissues. Endrin residues in channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus. tissue were shown to be re.duced_by
/ . , '
about 95 per cent after 13 days, with the concentration
fallinq from 0.11 ug/g to 0.02 ug/q (7ft). Marine spot,
Leiostomus xanthurus, tissue residues of 0.78 ,mr/cuwere --._
reduced below detection levels within 13 days (69).
Endrin residue accumulation of 10,000-fold was found in
flaqfish exposed for 60 days to a concentration of 0.3 ug/1
(45). A 26,000-fold increase was reported for the medaka, '
Orvzias latipes (U6) . Fathead minnows exposed_:tb_jwaterj__:l.
containing 0.015 ug/1 of endrin concentrated the endrin by
10,OOa times (ft7)V -.--'
-------
27
Ferguson, et a^. in 1960 (40) provided a dramatic
iilu3t.ra.tion of the ability of the mosquitofish, (Iambus ia
affinis, to both absorb arid excrete endrin. Asimple
endrin-resistant female fish was exposed to a "concentration
of 1,000 ug/1 and then released into 10 liters of tap water
with five susceptible fish. All except the resistant fish
died within forty hours.
Bosato and Ferguson in 1968 (44) force-fed endrin-
resistant mosquitofish loaded with endrin to eleven species
of "predators'* including fish, frogs, turtles, snakes and
,^rds with "predator" to "prey" weight ratios ranging from
35:1 to 757:1. Ninety-five percent of the "predators" died.
The concentration of endrin in the mosquitofish was 890
ug/kg. In an earlier study, Ferguson, et a_l., 1966 (40)
found that, field-collected mosquitofish contained as much as
6,800 to 11,900 ug/kg (dry weight) of endrin in the wild and
214,000 ug/kg after a two-week exposure to 500 ug/1 in the
laboratory. -
Ferguson et al. (70) noted the absence of top predators
. such as bass and crappie as well as very large numbers of
1 mosquitofish in an area contaminated by insecticides. These
-------
28
data suggest that bioaccumulation of insecticides in the ~
food chain may result in population shifts. ^
Bridges in 1961 (39) studied a pond which was
inadvertently sprayed with sufficient endrin to kilt fish
and found that endrin became undetectable in the water
within one month and persisted in the mud for only two
months. However, fish from a commercial hatchery kept in
cages in the pond after no more of the pesticide was
detected in the water column accumulated detectable levels
of endrin in four days. Whether the endrin came from the
;ater, mud or food organisms is unknown, other incidents of
endrin-related fish kills are documented in Appendix A.
Epps, et al. in 1967 (43), in a study of Louisiana __
watersheds, found that endrin residues in water seemed to
parallel land application of endrin. They reported residues
as high as 870 ug/kg in gizzard shad, Dorsoma -cepedianum, in
the Chevreuil basin. .~ : --
j As seen in Attachment B, the brown pelican population in
.' - - - ' - . '
the Lower Mississippi Valley began to decline when endrin
'.-' . ' - . ' -
was re-introduced in 1974 for cotton insect control to the
-------
29
area. Chemical analysis of the brains of dead-birds"
revealed levels of endrin which could account ~£or their
deaths. The brown pelican is a fish predator and would
receive endrin by way of the food chain as demonstrated by
Rosato and Ferguson in 1968 {4U> when consumption of
endrin-resistant mosqiiitofish loaded with endrin resulted in
the death of "predators.11
Terriere, et al. in 1959 (50) studied the effect of _
dietary endrin on the endrin concentrations in poultry and
egqs. Endrin content was measurable in body fat even at the
]-'-. '''
lowest level of intake (100 uq/kq>. At intake levels of 250
uq/kq and 750 uq/kq endrin became detectable in eqqs after
eiqht weeks (200-360 uq/kq). The body fat burdens of the
poultry were found to be as hiqh as 1,600 ug/kg when the
birds were fed 750 uq/kq endrin, and reached 17,000 ug/kq at
the 2,250 uq/kq dietary level.
Terriere, et al. in 1958 (51) and Kiiqemagi, et ~al», _
also in 1958 (52) found that 100 ug/kq of endrin in the diet
of cattle caused little or no accumulation in :body tissues.
At the 2,000 uq/kg dietary level body fat residues rose to
900 uq/kg in steers and 1,000 ug/kg in dairy cows. In
-------
30
steers these body fat residues declined to 300 ~ug/kg after
six weeks on an endrin-free diet. Much lower levels were
found in tissues other than fat. For example, at the 750
jig/kg dietary level, steaks from the short loin area, roasts
from the loin and arm area, and kidney contained no
detectable quantities of endrin, while liver contained 200
ug/kg. At the 2,000 ug/kg level steaks contained 30 ug/kg,
roasts and liver 200 ug/kg and kidney no detectable endrin.
In 1958 Terrier e, et aJL. (51) found no endrin residues
in steaks, roasts, kidney or liver of lambs and hogs fed as
.rticn as 750 ug/kg for twelve weeks. Richardson, et al. in
1967 (53) fed diets containing 100 ug/kg endrin to dogs. In
this study, endrin concentration quickly reached 3-6 ug/rol
of blood and then varied erratically between approximately 2
and 8 ug/ml.
Reins, et al. in 196H (57) . studied the effects of
on renal function in dogs. They found that acute --.-'.-
intoxication lowered renal blood flow, glomerular filtration
rate, and urine flow, but that chronic exposure to subacute
levels had only slight renal and hemodynamic effects.
-------
31
Numerous studies have documented biochemical effects of
endrin/ although no clear picture of the mechanism (s) '--.''
underlying its tpxicity has yet emerged. It has been shown
to inhibit the enzymes succinic dehydrogenase "(58, 59) ; . -
' - "'--. ' * ^ ..-:.',- . ".
cytochrome oxida se (59)','. Na , K adenosine triphos'phatase ,
Mq ATPase (60), and NADH oxidase, an electron transfer
cofactor, (61) to varying degrees. Endrin has been reporte-1
to cause shifts in the organ distributions of iron,
magnesium, zinc and copper at acute dosages (62) , increased
magnesium and zinc concentrations and decreased zinc
excretion in animals (63) , as well as minor alterations in
he levels of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese,
iron, copper, boron, and zinc in plants (55). High lipid
content seems to correlate with endrin resistance in
mosquitofish (64).
Limited information on endrin elimination mechanisms is
available. However, Cole, et al. (65) have followed the
excretion of 1UC from labeled endrin given intravenously to
rats. They found that more than 90 percent of the 1UC was7
eliminated in the feces, 75 percent of it the :first day.
Labeled dieldrin reguired three days for 50 percent
excretion of 1UC. This was at least partly due to the fact
-------
.thatrendrin reached the bile much faster (5Cf percent-in one hour^ compared; to v
I percent in six hours for dieldrin). -..:?-:.£ ;:-:;.:c\;:.,:--^"rr:.-?-.
Baldwin -et'aT. (66) found in 1970 that in' rat tissues endrin was v:
;cbnverted-tb theketone by replacement of the methylene group with a carbony1
group, and that ire the feces, two alcohols were formed'; one of which could
be oxidized: to the tissue ketone. In Tower animals (tobacco faudwonn larvae),.
Polles and Vinson ($7} found that most 14C endrin was excreted as unchanged
endrin. , ' ';;." ' :-;"-;. ... '..'; /..'_ '.--'. ."
V. Criteria Formulation . . .'.^j; . -.-.'. ' ;">-
- ~~~'~'~~~'~~ . '...".-._.._' .. : - . -. t : .. . .-. . . - ^
Chronic level: .004 ug/T v
Endrin is an extremely toxic pesticide capable of killing both vertebrate
>nd invertebrate aquatic organisms at concentrations in the parts per
H.n_ion range. The 96-hour LC50 for the Chinook salmon. Oncorhnychus
tshawytscha» was reported as 0.048 ug/1 ifl salt v/ater_and .0/14. ug/T in '
fresh water 031; the pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, had a reported 96-hour
LC50 of 0.037 ug/1 (41). ' v : - ^ ;
. . s . - .-" - - " '.'-..' - *. .. " , - .
Fish have been shown capable of concentrating endrin in their tissues :;
'and upon subsequent ingestion by predators, of causing endrin intoxication
and death in other fish, turtles, snakes and birds (44)_. Bioaccuraulation of
endrin in fish has been shown to be as high as 26,000 times the water leveT (46).
Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, exposed to 0.015 ug/1 of endrin>___
had total body concentrations 10,000 times greater than the water (47).
Residue accumulation up to 10,000-fold was observed in flagfish, Jordanella
,oridae, exposed for 60 days to concentrations between 0.05 and 0.3 ug/T (45).
-------
^-';C;;VV^>;^;A^;:V;;;;^^
In J967i Johnson (46) calculated the concentration In adult medaka tissue to V
-" - -"'--' ' - .-'''- '--.'.': ' ."':' - '"' '...' ".:~'--. '' '' "'"'.-.''':' \-':' ''..':':. . :'. :':;'.' '; :.'"" .
ie 17,000 to 26,000 times the water concentration. This degree of accumulation**.
1s based only on observations of uptake directly from the water and does not
allowrfor accumulation via the food chain or significantly higher accumulation. :
rates possible in other, untested'fish species. While the medaka 1s not a .
native U.S. species, there Is no reason to suppose that .such bloaccumulatlon
levels could not be reached^by native species. . . -,-.--
Endrin has been found to be eliminated quickly after termination of
."''.''.'-'.".' /
exposure. Channel catfish tissue residues were reduced from 0.41 to 0.02 ug/1
'.-. '-. - - " X - -
(about 95-percent reduction! within 13 days after the addition of endrfn to.
>-:.. ' . ' -\
-''..,-- /-
the water was stopped (74}. Marine spot tissue residues of 78.0 ppb were
reduced below detection levels within 13 days C63). - "'-..
Acute toxicity studies have generated"LC50 values of less than 0.2 ug/1
for chlnopk salmon, Oncorynchus tshawytscha 03), the striped bass, Morone
saxatlHs '(711. the shiner perch, cynatogaster aggregata (72).
the_dwarf perch, Hicrometrus minimus (72), and the pink' shrimp, Penaeus _ _.
duorarum (41). The LC50 value for the Chinook salmon_1rLsalt water was
reported as .048 ug/1, while that for the pink shrimp was 0.037 ug/1.
:- "": '*«;-.. v' -x _
Hermanutz (45) showed that the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration-of
^,;>';.':.::-."-. -'.' v"-." -^ . " " ' r
endrin fpr the flagfish, Jordanella floridae. lies between 0*26 and 6.3S of^
the 96-hour LC50. " " ' " ~"
/ ~
" '" " - These results suggest that the
<~~! -i - - **
Application factor of 0.01 of the 96-hour LC50 recommended by the NAS-NAE (76)
1s bverjJroteriive and that a factor of 0.1 will assure adequate protection
-------
34
^sensitive aquatic species. Based on. the 0.037 ug/1 96-hour LC50: :
.or the pink shrimp. Penaeus duorairum, application, of this factor yields
e criterion of 0.004 ug/T» -- _
-------
35
References:
1. Anon. 1969. Endrin pollution in the lower Mississippi
River basin. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, FWPCA."~ Lower
Mississippi River Technical Assistance Pro-feet, Baton
Rouge, La. : " -
2> Richardson, L.T* and P.M. Miller. 1960. -Fungitoxicity
of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in relation to
water solubility arid vapor pressure-175. Can.- J.
Botany, 38:163.
3. Marston, R.B., R.M. Tyo, S.C. Middendorff, 1969. Endrin
in water from treated Douglas fir seed. Pesticides
Monitoring J., 2<«):167-171.
4. Ferguson, D.E. , J.L. LudJce, J.P. Wood, J.W. Prather,
1965. The effects of mud on the bioactivity of
pesticides on fishes. J. Mississippi Acad. Sci.,
XI?29.
5. Phillips,D.D. , G.E. Pollard, S.B. Soloway, 1962.
: Thermal isomerization of endrin and its behavior in gas
chromatography. Agricultural and Food Chem., 10(3): 217-
221.
6. Burton, W.B. and G.E. Pollard, 197U. Rate of
photochemical isomerization of endrin in sunlight.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 12(1):113-116.
7. Zabik, M.J., R.D. Schuetz, W.L. Burton, B.E. Pape, 1971.
Photochemistry of bioactive compounds: Studies of a
major photolytic product of endrin. J. Agr. Food Chem.,
19(2):308-313.
a. Asai, R.I., W.E. WestlaJce, F.A. Gunther, 1969. Endrin
decomposition on air-dried soils. Bull. Environ.~
Contam. Toxicol., U (5):278-284. :
9. Cope, O.B. 1965. Sport fishery investigations on the
effect of pesticides on fish and wildlife. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Circular 226:51-63.
10. Sanders, H.O, and O.B. Cope. 1968. The relative
toxicities of several pesticides to naiads of "three
-------
36
species of stoneflies. Limnol. and Oceanog., '13 (1>:112-
.- ...- 11T. --. . . . . ' .. . ; / -- ....._-
11. Sanders, II.O. and O.B. Cope. 1966. Toxicities of
several pesticides to two species of cladocerans^
Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 95(2):165-169. ; - ;:
12. Eisler, R. 1969. Acute toxicities of insecticides to
marine decapod crustaceans. Crustaceana, 16 (3) :302-310.
13. Earnest, R. 1970. Effects of pesticides on aquatic
animals in the est.uarine and marine environment.
Unpublished data. In: Annual Progress Report. Bureau
of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. U.S. Oept. of the
Interior.
14. Cope, O.B. 1966. Contamination of the freshwater
ecosystem by pesticides. J. Appl. Ecology, 3:33-44.
15. Jensen, L.O. and A.R. Gaufin. 1966. Acute and long-
term effects of organic insecticides on two species of.
stonefly naiads. J. Water Pollution Control Fed.,
38:1273.
16. Sanders, H.o. 1969. Toxicities of pesticides to the
Crustacean, Gammarus lacustris. Bureau of sport
Fisheries and Wildlife. U.S. Dept. of the Interior,
Washington, D.C.
17. Katz, M. 1961. Acute toxicity of some organic
insecticides to three species of salmonids and the
threespine stickleback. Trans. Amer. Fish, soc.,
90(3) : 264-268*
18. Henderson, C., Q.H. Pickering and C.H. Tarzwell, 1959.
Relative toxicity of ten chlorinated hydrocarbon
;_ insecticides to four species of fish. Trans. -Am. ~Fish.
; . Soc. ,88:23-32. . ;.' .' ... ... . ./ . - ' ~: :> ---'
;19. Katz, M. and G.G. Chadwick. 1961. Toxicity of ehdrin
to some Pacific Northwest fishes. Trans. Amer. Fish.
Soc., 9d(4):394-397. :
20. Mount, D. 1962. Chronic effects of endrin on bluntnose
minnows and guppies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Research Report 58:38. ; '
-------
37
21. Ferguson, D. E., W. D. Cotton, D.T. Gardnerr -and D. D, ;
Culley. 1965. Tolerance to five chlorinated -
hydrocarbon insecticides in two species of fish from *
transect of the Lower Mississippi River. J. Miss, Acad.
Science, 11:239-2*5. ,: r
22* Eisler, R. 1970. Factors affecting pesticide-?induced
toxicity in an estuarine fish. Bureau of Sport -
Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ^
Tech. Paper 45,
23. Eisler, R. 1970. Acute toxicities of organochlorine
and orqanophorous insecticides to estuarine fishes.
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Dept. of
the Interior. Tech. Paper 46.
25. Lincer, J.L., J.M. Solon, J.H. Nair, III, 1970. DDT and.
endrin fish toxicity under static versus dynamic
bioassay conditions. Trans. Atner. Fish. Soc.,
99(1): 13-19.
^>. Tucker, R.K. and D.G. Crabtree. 1970. Handbook of
toxicity of pesticides to wildlife. Resource Pub. No;
8«. Bur. Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Dept. of
the Interior, Washington, D.C.
27. Stickel, L.F. and R. Heath. 1965. Protocol for testing
the acute and relative toxicity of pesticides to penned
birds. In: The effects of pesticides on fish and
wildlife. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 226.
28> Negherbon, w.o. (editor). 1959. Handbook of toxicology,
NAS-NRC, Vol.3. W.B. Saunders P'ubl. Co., Philadelphia,
Pa. . ' . . : -
29; Treon, J.F., F.P. Cleveland, and J. Cappel, 1955.:
Toxicity of endrin for laboratory animals. Agric.r Food
Chem., ' 3.(10>:B42-848. i:
32. Gaines,(T.B. 1969. Acute toxicity of pesticides to ~
rats. Toxicol. and Appl. Pharmacol., 14:515-534.
33. Nash, R.G. and E.A. Woolson. 1967. Persistence of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soils.
Science., 157(3791):924-927.
-------
38
34. Winnett, G. and J. P. Reed. 1968. Aldrin, dieldrin,
endrin, and chlordane persistence - a 3-year study..
Pesticides Monitoring J./ 2(3) : 133-136. -_-.-,.-.
35. Solar, J.M. , J.A. Linzzo, A.F. Novak, 1971.. Removal of
aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, and endrin from potatoes
_ during processing. J. Agr. Food Cfaem. , 19 (5) r
36. 'Pa til, K.C., F. Matsummura, and 6.M. Boush. 1970»
Degradation of endrin, aldrin, and DDT by soil
microorganisms. Applied Microbiology. , 19 (5) :879-881.
37. Hullins, D.A., R.E. Johnson, R.I. Starr, 1971 ».
Persistence of organochlorine insecticide residues in
agricultural soils of Colorado. Pesticides Monitoring
J., 5(3)r268-2T5.
38. Lichtenberg, J.J», J.W. Eichelberger, R.C. Dressman,
J.E. Longbottom 1969. Pesticides in surface waters of
the United States: A five-year summary, 196U-1968. U.S.
Dept. of the Interior.
39. Bridges, W.R. 1961. Disappearance of endrin from fish
and other materials of a pond environment. Trans. Am.
Fish. Soc., 90(3) : 33 2- 3.3.4.
4.0* Ferguson, D.E. , J.J. Ludke, G.G. Murphy. 1966. Dynamics
Of endrin uptake and release by resistant and
susceptible strains of mosguitofish. Trans. Am. Fish.
Soe.v' 9S(4):' 335-344.. .
41. Schimmel, S.C. , et al. , Unpublished data: copy attached.
42V Rowe, D.R., L.W. Canter, P.J. Snyder, I. W. Mason. 1971.
bieldrin and endrin concentrations in a Louisiana :
estuary. Pesticides Monitoring J. 4 (4) :177-18J,.
43. Epps, E.A., F.L. Bonner, L.D. Newsom, R. Carlton, R.:o.
Sm it her man, 1967. Preliminary report oh a pesticide
monitoring study in Louisiana. Bull. Environ.- Contam.
Toxicol., 2(6):333-339. _
44. Rosato, P. and D.E. Ferguson. 1968. The toxicity of
endrin-resistant mosguitofish to eleven species of
vertebrates. Biosci., 18(8) :783-784.
-------
39
15. Hermanutz, R, 197*. Quarterly Report, U.S. EPAy ~ -
National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota.
16, Johnson, H.E. 1967. The effects of endrin on the
reproduction of a freshwater fish, Orvzias latipes. -PhD
Dissertation, University of Washington, p. 92*:-:----
47. Mount, O.I. and G.J. Putnicki. 1966. Summary report of
1963 Mississippi fish kill. North Amer. wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference Transactions, 31:177-181.
18. Wilson, A.J. 1965. Chem. assays-Annual report of Bureau
of Comm. Bio. Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla. U.S. Bureau Comm.
Fish Cir. 226:6-7.
19. Vance, B.D. and W. Drummond. 1969. Biological
concentration of pesticides by algae. J. Am. water
Works Assoc., 61:360-362.
50. Terriere, L.C., G.H. Arscott, U. Kiigemagi, 1959. The
endrin content of eggs and body tissue of poultry
receiving endrin in their daily diet. Agr. Food Chem.,
7 (7): 502-501.
51. Terriere, L.C., U. Kiigemagi, D.C. England,. 1958v
Endrin content of body tissues of steers, lambs, and :
hogs receiving endrin in their daily diet. Agr. Food
Chem. ,6(7) : 516-518.
52. Kiigemagi, U.,R.G. Sprawls, L.C. Terriere,. 1958.
Endrin content of milk and body tissues of dairy cows
receiving endrin daily in their diet. Agr. Food Chem.,
6(7) :518-521.
53. Richardson, L.A., J.R. Lane, w.s. Gardner, J.T» Peeler,
:J.E. Campbell 1967. Relationship of dietary intake to
..' concentration of- dieldrin and endrin in dogs, r Bttlt. -
Environ. Contain. Toxicol., 2(1) :207-219. i .;; ,
51. Batterton, 'J.C., G.M. Boush, F. Matsumura^ 1971. v Growth
-response of blue-green algae to aldrin, dieldrin, endrin
. - .and their metabolites. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol.,
6(6):589-591.
.55. Cole, ,H., D. MacKenzie, C.B. Smith, E.L. Bergman,- 1968.
Influence ov various persistent chlorinated insecticides
-------
_ on the macro and micro element constituents ot Zea
and Phaseoius vulgaris growing in soil containing
various amounts of these materials. Bull. Environ.
eontam. Toxicol., 3(3): 141-1154.
57. Reins, D.A., D.D. Holmes, L.B. Hinshaw, 196 U. Acute
chronic effects of the insecticide endrin on renal
function and renal hemodynamics. Can* J, Physiot. : '
Pharmacol., 12(5)1599-608. .r- ,;J_
58. Yarbrough, J.D. and M.R. Wells, 1971. Vertebrate
insecticide resistance: The in vitro endrin effect on
succinic dehydrogenase activity on endrin resistant and
susceptible mosquito fish. Bull. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol., 6(2):171-76.
59. COlvin, H.J. and A.T. Phillips. 1968. Inhibition of
electron transport enzymes and cholinesterases by
endrin. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol., 3(2)^106-115.
60. Cutkomp, L.K., H.H. Yap, E.Y. Cheng, R.B. Kochr 1971.
ATPase activity in fish tissue homogenates and
inhibitory effects of DDT and related compounds.
Chemico. Biol. Interactions, 3(6) :439-447.
61. Pardini, R.S., J.c. Heidker, B. Payne 1971. The effect
of some cyclodiene pesticides, benzenchexa -chloride and
toxaphene on mitachondrin electron transport. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. ,6 (5): 436-444.
62. Lawrence, C.H., R.L. Col em an and W.L. So well, 1968.
Endrin induced trace metal alterations following acute
exposure. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 3(4) :229-
239.
63. Coleman, R.L., C.H. Lawrence and W.L. Sowell, 1968.
Trace metal alterations following sub-acute exposure to
- : endrin. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 3 (5) : 284-295^
64. Fabacher, O.L. and H. Chambers, 1971. A possible - -
mechanism of insecticide resistance in mosquitof ish.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 6 (4): 372-
65. Cole, F.J., L.M. Klevay and M.R. Zavon, 1970. - Endrin
.: and dieldrin: A comparison of hepatic excretion in the
rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmcol. , 16:547-555. ~
-------
41 ,*
*?
66v Baldwin, M.K., J. Robinson and D.V. Paake, l*>7f>.
i 7 M. 271-276. .. .\ \ .-:.'.;;...:.--,:-.> ...-,.;-':. ...:.f'
0» Ferguson, D.E. , iD«D. Culley, W.O. Cottonr;and R.P. -
.: Dodds, 1964. Resistance to chlorinated insecticides in
>hree species of freshwater fish. BioScience 1»(11) :
:; * *3~1** ;,-/.:-: --.,- :...-,.; --:\.:.,-;v- - ; ". ', .;;. .. - .. . ,.".::: :; ' -.- ' _ >;,
71. Korn, S. and -p.: Earnest, 197U. Acute toxicity of twenty
insecticides to striped baas» Morone saxatilis. Calif.
Fish and Game, 60:128. ;r,.r--^.;: . . . ,.:.,...-.,..; . ..''./,. .,,;-:'
2. Earnest, P.O. and P.B. Benville, Jr., 1972. Acute
toxicity of four organochlorine insecticides to two
j;.species of /surf perch. Calif. Fish and Game, 58:127-
' ' "
73. Mercier, M. (Ed.) 1975. Preparatory study for '.
establishing criteria (dose/effect relationships) for
humans on organochlorine compounds , i.e. .pesticides and
their metabolites. Commission of- the European
Communities, Directorate-General for Social Affairs,
-Health Protection Directorate V/F/1 Doc. Nr. 13ft7/75e.
7ft. Argyle, R. L. 1973. Endrin uptake and relaease by .
finger ling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatusJL... J.
1 Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30: 1943. ' .' '
76v NAS-NAE, 1973. Water Quality Criteria, 1972. EPA-R3-73-033.
-------
42
GLOSSARY
Acutely toxic: Causing death or severe damage to an organ is hi by
poisoning during a brief exposure period, normally ninety-six
hours or less. -.:;_-_.:-.-_
Anadromous fishos: Fishes that spend a part of their lives in seas
or lakes, hut as<-Rnd rivers and streams at certain intervals to .
spawn. Kxamples arc sturgeon, shad, salmon, trout, and
striped bass. - . . x . -
Application factor; The ratio of the safe concentration to the lethal
concentration as determined For potential aquatic pollutants
administered to species of interest.
Bioaecumulation (Bioconcentrationj: The phenomenon wherein elements- -
or compounds are stored in living organisms because elimination .
- - . ... - ,;,
fails to match intake.
('arcinog(.>ni<-: Producing (lancer. ~ - --...'.-. 1 " .-._.
Catadromous fishes: l-'ishes that feed and grow.in fresh:-water» but _
return to the sea to spawn. The best example is.the American
eel. . . : .'
Chronically toxic: Causing death or damage tSlan organism by; -::--
poisoning during prolonged exposure, which, depending on the
organism tested and the test conditions and purposes, may range
from several days, to weeks, months, or years, or through a
reproductive cycle.
-------
~~:- *~. "43
EC50: The concentration at which a specified effect is observed
under the test conditions in a specified time in fifty pen-out of
tin; organisms tested. Examples of spcviritul HTorts an* l
rhaging, decreased feeding, dilation of pupils, and altered
swimming patterns. ' y~'-_
Epilimnion: That, region of a body of water that extends from the
surface to the top of the thermocline and does hot have a permanent
temperature stratification. . . " '
". .;"*" '-..
I'low-through bioassay: An assay system in which aquatic species
are exposed to toxicants in a constantly flowing system, and where
th«; toxicant i.s replenished continuously or diKcontinuously.
Hardness (Water): The concentration of the polyvalent metallic ions
dissolved in water. Unually it is reported as the equivalent
concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO ).
' ' ' .. . '-'.--.. 3 , . ''..".-..
Myperplasia: Abnormal multiplication or increase in the number
of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue.
Hypolimnion: The region of a body of water that extends from the
bottom of the thermocline to the bottom of the water body and
is essentially independent of most surface phenomena.
-------
44
LC25: The concentration of a toxicant that is lethal (fatal) to twenty -
five percent of the organisms tested under the test conditions in
a specified time.
LC50: The concentration of a toxicant which is lethal (fatal* to
\ ,. ' - '-"-.
fifty percent of the organisms tested under the test conditions
in a specified time. It is virtually identical with Tl,rn and TI,J>0. '
LD50: The dose of a toxicant that is lethal (fatal) to fifty percent
of the organisms tested under the test conditions in a specified .
time. A dose is the quantity actually administered to the
organism and is not identical with a concentration, which is the
amount of toxicant in a unit of test medium rather than the
amount ingested by or administered to the organism.
Liter (I); The volume occupied hy one kilogram of water at a pressure
'o
f)f 7GO mm of mercury and a temperature of 4 ('. A liter is
1. 057 quart.
Methylmercury: Mercury which has been methylated, usually through.
some biological agent, such as bacteria.
Microgram per liter (ug/1): The concentration at which one millionth
of a gram (one microgram) is contained in a volume of one liter.
Where the density of solvent is equal to one, one ug/1 is equiva-
lent to one part per billion (ppb) or one microgram per kilogram
(ug/kg).
-------
45
Microgram per kilogram (ug/kg): The concentration at which one
millionth of a gram (one microgram) is contained in a mass of
one kilogram. A kilogram is 2.2046 pounds.
Milligram per kilogram (mg/kg): The concentration at which one
thousandth of a gram (one milligram) is contained in amass of
one kilogram. A gram contains 1000 milligrams. ;
Milligram pt.-r liter (mg/1): The concentration at which one milligram
is contained in a volume of one liter. Where the density of the
'x.
solvent is equal to one, one mg/1 is equivalent to one part per
million (ppm) or one milligram per kilogram (mg/kg).
Milliliter (ml): A volume equal to one thousandth of a liter.
Nanogram per liter (ng/1): The concentration at which one billionth
of a gram (one nanogram) is contained in a volume of one liter.
Whore the density of the solvent is equal to one, one ng/1 is
equivalent to one part per trillion or one nanogram per kilogram
Neoplastic: Describing any new and abnormal growth, such as a tumor.
Part per million (ppm): A concentration in which one unit is contained
in a total of a million units. Any units may be used (e.g., weight,
volume) but in any given application identical units must be used
(e.g., grams per million grams or liters per million liters).
Where the density of the solvent is one, one part per million is
equivalent to one milligram per liter.
-------
Parts per thousand (o/oo): A concentration at which erne unit is
contained in a total of a thousand units. The rules for using
this term are the same as those for parts per million. Normally.
this term is used to specify the salinity of cstuarine .or sea waters.
' . '")'' .''-'.
Piscicide: A substance used for killing fish.
Static bioassay: A bioassay in which the toxicant is riot renewed during
the test. ~
Thermocline: That layer in a body of water where the temperature.
difference is greatest per unit of depth. It is the layer in which
the drop in temperature is I \'. or greater per meter of depth.
TLrn - Median Tolerance Limit: The concentration of a test material
at which fifty percent of the test animals are able to survive
under test conditions for a specified period of exposure. It is
virtually synonymous with LC50 and TL50.
TL50: Synonymous with TLm and virtually synonymous with LC50.
Tumorigenic: Causing or producing tumors.
-------
-''-'."..'' ''..'. 47 - - / ''.-'' ' ' '
Appendix A:.' fish Kills
Attached is a table which documents enclr in-associated fish
kills in field situations. Many of these kills involve the death
of hundreds of thousands of fish, some of which are "of great eco-
nr.mic iniporU>!»co and all of which are Important-links in the food
chain. These fish kill data are not exhaustive but servo to illus-
trate the niunnitude of endrin-associatod fish mortality.
Endrin-Associated Fish Kills
Estimated
Number of Types of
Date Fish Killed Fish Killed
9-4-74
fi-18-74
9-10-74
8-17,18-70
8-8-14-74
1-25-74
9-3-74
9-1 2-74 V
8-20-74
64,526
3,538
2,988
858
54,233
Unknown
31
' . .. -
13,592
47
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
- 2%
-98%
- 96?
- 4%
- 92
- 91%
- 19%
- 81%
- 3%
- 97%
-100%
- 87%
- 13%
- 60%
- 40%
r: 72%
-28%
Location
(Nearest Town or County)
Webbers Falls, OK
Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Lawrence, Ale.
Sheffield, Ala.
Franklin » Tenn.
Cana, Va.
Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Sawyers vi lie, Ala.
Greensboro-Hale, Ala.
-------
48
Date
9-9-74
9-15-74 ,:
8-17-74
8-4-74
Estimated
Number of Types of
Fish kill PC! Fish Killed
20,248
4,216
14,350
29,747
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
Game
Non-Game
- 3%
-97%
- 285?
- 72%
- 42%
- 58%
- 9%
- 91%
Location
(Nearest Town or County)
Decatur, Ala.
Cullman, Ala.
Hokes Bluff, Ala.
Selma, Ala.
-------
49
Appendix B
Brown Pelican Mortality Data
-------
50
LOUISIANA COOPERATIVE WILDLIFE RESEARCH UNIT
308 FORESTRY BUILDING
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
BATON ROUGE. LOUISIANA 7O8O3
COOPERATINO AGENCIES
LOUISIANA WILD LIFE FISHERIES COMMISSION
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE lamiaVV ^ 1 Q7fi
BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES ft WILDLIFE - UailUOIJT J» tyiU
Mr. Leonard J. Guarraia, Chief
Criteria Branch
Criteria and Standards Div.
Environmental Protection Agency
WH585-401 Mst. SW
Washington, D.C. 20460 .
Dear Mr. Guarraia:
, In response to your request I am forwarding herewith copies of residue
analysis reports on brown pelicans, together with a letter from Dr.xLucille
Stickel in which she discusses the work that has been done at Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center relative to the determination of lethal levels of Endrin
in the brains of birds.
As you can readily see the levels of Endrin found in the brains of those
pelicans analyzed were generally within the range considered to be lethal
by Dr. Stickel. These data indicate that it is safe to assume that Endrin _
was the cause of mortality in these birds.
As an additional matter of interest, you are probably aware of the
total disappearance of the brown pelican from the Louisiana Gulf Coast
in the early 1960's. The cause of this disappearance has not been documented,
although there has been widespread speculation. Pelicans were reintroduced
to Louisiana from Florida beginning in the late 1960's. The introduced
population was thriving in the Barataria Bay Area of Louisiana until the spring
of 1975 when it suffered a decline - reported to be greater than 50%. (By
the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission).
The decline followed the widespread use of Endrin in certain areas
of Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi in 1974 for cotton insect control.
This, to my knowledge was the first widespread use of Endrin in the Mississippi
River drainage system since the early 1960's.
If I can be of further assistance please notify me.
Very truly yours,
JDNrdh
Attachments
-------
51
ANALYTICAL REPORT
PR-1024
Submitter: Mr. John Newsom, Leader, Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit,
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Specimen Data; Two brown pelicans found dead at Grande Terra, Louisiana.
oi\ 22 Hay 1975. One (A-8107) bore USFWS band number 519-62285.
Specimen
No.
7.5-1159
75-1160
75-1161
73-1162
Autopsy
No.
A-8107
A-8107
A-8108
A-8108
Identification
Carcass
Brain
'Carcass
Brain
Wet Weight
(grams)
10.00
17.17 '
10.00
12.10
Lipid Weight
(grams)
0.25
1.02 _
. 0.33
0.72
Analysis; organochlorine compounds, residues in-.samples 75-1160 and
75-1161 were confirmed by GC-MS.
Results; ppm wet weight; lower limit of detection - 0.10 ppm
-------
52
Compound
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDT
Dieldrin
Heptachlor epoxide
Mir ex -
Oxychlordane
**ci s -Chlordane
cjjv-Nonachlor
HCB
Toxaphene
End rin
PCii as 1260
75-1159
Car cans
3.8
0.40
0.20. .-.
3.5
0.63
-*
-
0.80
0.13
0.08
1.4
1.5
7.3
' 75-1160
Brain .
0.36 ' '
' °-09 '..:
.'.'' °'09 '
1.9
0.32 .
.- .
"-
0 . 28
.
..' - - :'.
0.57,
0.70
3.5
75-1161
Carcass
5.0
";". 1.0 . .!' :
.-' 0.25 : '
:. 4.8. ;;
»
1.0 ;
..-._- . :
-."':-.
1.4
0.17
0.09
1.9
2.1
11..'
75-1162
Brain
;'' 1.0 '
0.27
"-" :
.-2.1 '
0.31 '
.' . - "
-. ' -.
,' ' °'31 '-
.0.02
0.41
.0.18
i.s:
* - = not detected
**and/or trans-nonachlor
W. L. Reichel
Chief Chemist
-------
Feed and Fertilizer Laboratory
Samples submitted by Dr. John
June 5, 1975
Lnb.
No.
1039X
1040X
1041X
1042.X
1043X
ppm
Sample Alpha BHC
Brown Pelican Brains
#1 0.16
#2 0.11
#3 0.10
#4 0.13
#5 0.24
ppm
HCB
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.11
0.15
ppm
0.89
0.76
0.73
1.52
1.72
ppm
Toxaphene
3.8
3.4
2.7
6.5
6.6
ppm
PCB*
3.4
3.2
3.2
6.0
7.4
ppm
Dieldrin:.
0.64
0.59
0.42
0.78
1.08
ppm
Endrin
0.33
0.30
0.23
0.37
0.48
*as Aroclor 1254
n
in
-------
Feed and Fertilizer Laboratory
Samples submitted by Dr. John D. Newsom
June 2, 1975
Lab.
No*,
946X
Sample
(Grand Terre)
Brown Pelican
brain
ppm ppra
Alpha BHC HCB
0,21 0.11
ppm
PCS as Aroclor 1254
5.1
ppm ppm ppm ppra ppra
H.epbxide Toxaphene bieldrin Endrin p.p'DDE
0.33
7.4
0.95
0.70
1.19
in
-------
Feed and Fertilizer Laboratory
Samples submitted by Dr. John Newsom
June 5, 1975
ppm
Sample Alpha BHC
Brown Pelican Brains
#1 0.16 '
#2 0.11
#3 . 0.10
#4 0.13
#5 0.24
1039X
1040X
1041X
1042X
1043X
ppm
HCB
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.11
0.15
ppm ppm ppm
p , p * DDE Toxajjhene PCB*
0.89 3.8 3.4
0.76
0.73
1.52
1.72
3.4
2.7
6.5
6.6
3.2
3.2
6i 0
7.4
ppm
Dieldrinn
0.64
0.59
0.42
0.78
1.08
ppm
Endrin
0.33
0.30
0.23
0.37
0.48
*as Aroclor 1254
in
in
-------
56 - V
artmeriL or ttie Anterior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER
LAUREL, MARYLAND 20811
WRes
May 2, 1975
Dr. L. D. Newsom .
Department of Entomology . ;
Louisiana State University
402 Life Sciences Building
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70S03
Dear Dr. Newsom: . -
Your letter of March 24, 1975 poses a number of difficult questions. I
delayed answering Bending results of analyses of the white' pelican'brains
that were nearly completed. The analyses proved more complex than antici-
pated and only now have bee.i completely checked and reported. A copy of
the analytical report is enclosed.
I will discuss your questions in order. First, I did not recall the
o:;aiainacion and diagnosis of disease in brown pelicans in 1956. I have
discussed this matter with Dr. Locke, a veterinarian-histopathologist on
our staff who has worked with us in pollution research for many years.
He says that brown pelicans would be susceptible to Newcastle Disease,
but that the' statement, "a virus similar to Newcastle Disease", has no
meaning in a technical sense, being more a summary for'general consumption..
He c-sked if by any chance the complete autopsy report might be available
for whatever clues it might offer. It would be better still if samples
remc.in.ed, but I assume this is not so. .
You also mention analyses of brown pelicans taken during Che decline.
Are reports of these analyses available? We would be very much interested
in seeing them. ..-..'"
We arc, of course, pleased with the success of the pelicans transported
to Louisiana; one of our biologists has worked with Mr. Joanen and we have
analyzed soi;;e eggs. The residues were low, which was encouraging.
Success now and failure earlier obviously means that, something changed.
I would not care to venture a guess, but only to hope that it stays
changed so that the pelican can become a bona fide Louisiana citizen
?.-.*
'P>-..CV7«* TELEPHONEAREA CODE 301 77t)-48fiO (MAHYCANO EXCHANGE)
TCI.KUHAM.SKISII AND wu.Di.in. .r.HVif:r. WAsin.Niin.N, r>.(.. 202'}O
-------
57
* -
' 2
It does not seem likely that pesticide levels on the Gulf have remained'
unchanged for 20 years. Perhaps we can never take a firm position on'
what happened to the pelicans unless more data are found.
I am convinced, however, that introduction of DDT into the environment
has had seriously deleterious effects on reproduction of many species of
birds, a.'.cl in some instances on populations. The brown pelican is parti-
cularly sensitive to the reproductive effects of DDE; it has been
seriously affected in both California and South Carolina. I surely hope
that it will not become necessary to resur.a the large-scale use of DDT
in the South, which remains one of the mo:vt significant wildlife areas
in our country.
Both reproductive success and mortality oust be; considered before one
can feel cov.fidcut that a given environmental contaminant poses no
hazard. Reproductive effects are decepti-e because they are slow,
subtle, and do not affect all species of c.a aria. We can miss them.
entirely until a population is far gone. There are several examples of
this happening.
The diagnosis of death due to chevaical poisoning should be based upon a
careful autopsy plus residue analysis. Evan then there are individual
borderline cases that cause one to suspeci an interaction between chemicals
or between chemicals and other factors, including disease. We have done
several studies to attempt to understand this and have pretty strong
indications of chemical additivity. We are now preparing to conduct a
more definitive experiment, with particular attention to dieldrin, which
is prevalent in bald eagles.
We ware surprised to learn of the endrin in the pelican brains. Levels
as low as 0.3 ppm in the brain have killed birds in experimental studies,
with amounts ranging up to 1.8 ppm. The limits have not been defined in.
detail and the significance of 0.2 ppm is uncertain. Levels of 0.3 to
0.8 ppm are common among endrin-killed birds.
As you will "see in the analytical report, the endrin in the brains of
those two pelicans was at hazardous levels. Several other chemicals
* were prubcnt in. substantial amounts. The possible contribution of such
an array in lowering lethal levels of one of them is the subject of
current studies. '
I recall very clearly a visit we had with you in Baton Rouge in 1959 or
i960 whan we were working on woodcocks ir: relation to the use of heptachior.
It was most heartening to encounter your open-minded view of the problem
of the effects of chemicals on wildlife a.;id your concern for endrin use on
cane. I hope it will be possible for you to encourage the development and
-------
58
: adoption z~2 Ty.r.age^er.t methods and chemical control aethods for cotton
pests that will not entail the use of DDT or other highly persistent
With best regards.
Sincerely yours/
Lucille ?. Stickel
Director
-------
59
Appendix C
FDR. Guideline for Endrin in Fish
-------
60
DEPARTMENT Oir HC.Ai.~rn. EDUCATION. ANO^ WfcU'Af'.E
. ' ' ' piiiiu in M.HI v.tnvicr
KOOO AMI) OUUC. AliMIUISIttATION
HOCKVtt-Ut. MMWI.ANO
.'.-.- Mny 1, 1974
lie. .iului IV. I'll eh, Jr.
Director, Kegisilratlon Division.
Office of Pci-.ticidc Prur.ran-.:-
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Hall, E. To'wei - Rocw 347
"Washington, D.C. 20460
* ' ' '
Donr John: . '.."
As requested at our meeting on. April 19, 1974, I am enclosing copies
of the pesticide administrative guidelines (action levels) FDA applies
to certain food and feed products. The purpose of your request ir. to
afford EPA an opportunity to review and comment, where deemed appro-
priate, on these action levels.
You will note that page 1 of the guidelines contains instructions ;
for FDA field offices to follow regarding the circumstances in which
the action levels are to be applied. J?or the most part, the action
levels listed are for foods for which "there are no established tolerances
under sections 408 and 409 of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic'Act. However,
guideline?; are listed for certain pesticides and crops where legal
tolerances currently exist. These listings are not to be misinterpreted
as "tolerancos-on- top-of-tolerances." Instead, they provide criter.ia
our field offices are to follow in the event foods arc found in excess
of these legal tolerances, i.e. above the guideline, the field office
may directly refer a seizure recommendation to our General Counsel;
below the guideline, but above the legal tolerance the seizure
recommendation must first be referred to~'our Bureau of Foods.
The" action levels for DDT, lindane, and K1C in cocoa beans, dieldrin
in oil-sfted by-products, and chlordane in animal feed and feed i'ngrediev.
that EPA recently provided FDA have not been incorporated into FDA's
Administrative Guideline Manual as yet. However, we intend to include
thorn in the near future. The action levels used by USDA for pesticide
residues in the tissue of livestock und poultry are not included in the
FDA listing.
If you have any questions on the enclosures, please contact me.'
Sincerely yours, *
^ohu U. Wtir.sel
ScJcntilic Coordinator
OCiicc of the Associate Comnissior
for -.Compliance
-------
FOOD. AMD nrMJG ADMIMIS.YRATIOil 61 ,...' I .,.,
AIMSINm-RATlyn GUIDELINES «A,HJAL . OUIDtUHE - ,'*».?*
'CHAPTKK JO - (;P.NKKiM. GUTDXLKgS .- FOODS
Commodity Codo: 00 ,
. I'T'.OOIX.T: 1'roceaacd 1'uodtt o«r I'ccds
REMARKS
PROBLEM: Adulteration - Food Additives \;V
''.' V- , "" --.'/
\ « * V '
* . ' .'
. . ' . '''"-.' ' * ** \ s*
Direct seizure referral to General Counsel or referral to Division of Regulatory
Guidance with a recotnacndation for legal action is authorized when both the
original and check analysis show pesticide residues at or above the criteria
specified in the Guideline. Both the original and check analysis must be
cof irrocd by an appropriate identification net hod such as thin layer ' .
chroma t ography .
Do not refer seizure directly when combinations of pesticides are encountered
other than those combinations specified in this Guideline. If other combination
arc encountered, refer recommendations for legal action to Division of Regulatory
Guidance. ....... ^
*' -
;ia criteria specified in this -Guideline have been set to allow for variance in
'analytical results, ftus Guideline will be reviewed periodically ana revised
as necessary. .
The criteria specified in this Guideline apply to objective samples. This does
not limit or prohibit reconradnding legal action to Division of Regulatory Guidance
on lower residue levels if there is evidence of aisues of pesticides, or if scr.e
other factor appears to warrant action. Referral to DRG is authorized where both
tie original and check analysis exceed the legal toTcrsnco but do not meet or
exceed the administrative guideline, provided sampling and analytical techniques
'arc adequate to prove conclusively that the legal tolerance has been exceeded.
In such caoc all analytical data including work sheets should be submitted alor.s
with the reconncadation for action.
The criteria in this Guideline are given in parts per million on an "as is" basis
unless otherwise specifically noted. For the purposes of this Guideline samples -
should be exanincd as shown below and rccoouoendationa for legal action must clesrl
Indicate the c::act portion of the food used for analysis.
Pomac.n,. Milk, Citrus Pulp-Product ao received or when introduced into
intcratatc cocc-.crce.
HANW4I1TAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73) ...... PACE! |
-'-.-' - - -'-- .'-. . - - ' . ...' ' -- :--_ ':-. \
oniciNATon: Division of Regulatory Guidance, Bu?5au~ofTood3
-------
62 - .
GUIDIiLWE 7420.08
FISH-tSMOi:f.bt FW/.EH OR CANNED)I .
' (J.) Caruxcft in Brine; rtr.-ilu and discard brine, examine remainder,
-...'"
(2) Cnnncd la Oil-or Sauce; examine a homogeneous mixture of
can. contents. . .
' ", * "..''"
(3) Frozen; thaw, drain discard drainings remove and discard heads,
~bcales and guts, examine remainder, includiniptails' if present.
(4) Smoked; remove and discard heads, scales and guts, examine .,
remainder including tails if present.
'raoc-LEcs ,;'. .. ,
Discard bones; examine edible meat only.
SHELLFISH (FROZEN OR CANKED)
(1) Clams and Oysters (Frozen or canned); examine a homogeneous
mixture of meats and liquor.
.. r»?^ fM. .*.*» ~fi f** ^ » «? fc -i * *
(a) Breaded; examine as received
(b) Canned in Brine; drain and discard brine;
- - examine edible meat.
... ; (c) Raw Frozen; thaw, discard drainings, remove
and discard heads, tail and shell examine edible
meat only. -
NOTE: The original screening analysis can be made on the sample as received
i ("as is") if it is found that this saves time. However, when residues
I are encountered over the criteria levels the sample cust be re-assayed
j- on the portion specified above and a check analysis must alsojbe done on
] : the portion specified if the re-assay confirms residues over the
j . ; criteria level.
T~'" *"--.. ' '.' . " . . - . . ' - ' ~" '".':
"The criteria levels herein are not applicable directly to any combinaticas
' of prcsticidcs except those specifically noted (e.g.,. dicldrin.S aldrir.,
] etc.). Reconsicndation for legal action in these instances will be Icfc
1 to District Judgcmsnt.
VIITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73) ^--.j, j".-.-*v KACJ= 2
-------
*; '.' f
I--I
63
GUICMIUNE
SPECltIKH CHARGE
Article adulterated when introduced into and while in interstate ccrcncrce
wltlii.iv iiiu.-miuii of 21 U.C.C. (C), in that it contains inalnlhtoiv a iood
udditiv;: which is unsafe, within meaning of 21 U.S.C. 348 since i». t-.r.d its
| use and intended use arc not in conformity \;ith the regulations or except:
in effect pursuant of 21 U.S.C. 348. -
INDF.X
Pesticide . . . Attnchr.;ant
BHC. A
DDT & IDE........ B
DDT, DDE & TDE........... > C
P'!!?l'lWTN ANH AT.nRTN D
E1DRIN .1 E
1IEPTACHLOR & HEPTAC1H.OR EPOXIDE. '....... F
LINT)ANE. G
. . *«
MALATHION. H
. ' » ' ' .
KETHOXYCHLOR. ............... I
TRANSMIT! AUNG. 73-1 (1/1/73) ' X\7UU>'7>,
t<><^B
-------
CUID
BHC
'-.'- * '.",.
The ficureo bclot* arc to be uoed for total BUG. However, ln~ftddin'(»
cnounts of lr.di. visual locir.ccr. do not count alpha, C1"-"1- or delta r.'.
At a level wolou 0.03 pr-ci in fros legs and balou O.I pj^vln the
other -prcdiicts. Do not c'ount beto BHC at a level below O.I psa 'In
froc Icao-aud bclpu 0,2 ppa in the other produ~erc.
Tca pr.r.gixs!-!pii;c; ' LEGAL ACTIOM TO DIVISIC:; og R£oirLATcr.Y
0.3 PHI (en PAT BASIS) . ;
CUTTEIl V
OTilZR UAKUPACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS , including pcatcurlred or othcrwioc
procccocd wilk, excluding lov fac dairy producto.
0.5 PPM
FR03 LEGS
C1LY)
HANSMITTAL_NO^ , _ 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACU 1
-------
65
CU.OEI..MB . ,UTAC,,,,,.
I
»' . !
!
r
i;'.'
DPT AX1) TDK
(CFR 121,226 and 121.227) .
Tin; fJjjuro bolow la for thp above pcctlcldco Indiviuunlly or In cooblnnclon.
' '.-.'
CR1TKSIA TOR HTRF.CT RKFERE>.'CK SKt^rRF. TO CE??ESAL COL"SKL-CITATIOM
110 PPM , ' . . '
T01-L\TO POMACE '
-------
66
UUIUtLINt
ATTAGJMUMT C
DDT. DDF AND TDE
(CFR 121.1093(a))
Th« figure below is for tho above pestieideo individually or in crmhtnation.
However I in adding amounts of DDT, DDE and TDE do not count any of the
three found below 0.3 ppm. on a fac basis; for fish do not count any of the
throe below 0.2 ppm. . . ' . ;
CRITKRIA FOR DIRECT REFERENCE SEIZURE TO GENERAL COUNSEL-CITATION
'.'-'.-1..5: PTM' (ON FAT BASIS) .' : ' j
. BUTTER . -. . :
OTOER MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS, including pasteurized or otherwise
processed milk, excluding low fat dairy products.
FISH, Smoked, frozen or canned
i
r
TRANSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE 1
-------
"V
ATTAQ:;A-::T
A:m ALI.'UTH
FOR- r.i;c6xMr.;n)TK(; T.KCAI. ACTIO;T TO Division OF Kir.m.ATO!iY CUTDAMCS
11m figures Ltlov; are for chc above pesticides individually or in
corchlimelon. However, in addinc .amount!)- of dicldrin or aldrin do .. ..
not count dicldrin or aldrin found at a level below 0.3 ppn (on fat
basis) for butter and dairy products or below 0.03. ppa- .for. other
products.
0.3 P?;T (ON FAT BASIS)
BUTTER
OTI1ER MA11UFACTUHED DAIRY PRODUCTS, including pasteurized:^ otherviao
procesued milk, excluding low fat dairy products.
0.3 PPM
FISH Smoked, frozen or canned
SHELLFISH Smoked, frozen, or canned
0.1 PPM . ."* --
SUGARBEET PULP
» i »
i i
i
i
;
III; I
I I
.
III
I
I » I I
» i i i
i
i i
I I ! I
I 1
* t I
- TRANSI.IITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE 1
-------
1
i 1.-
ii.
68
GUIDELINE | /<«/U.uo I ATT,, -v,7
I . . I A I.I > -.. w.« ( . :
ENDP.IM
'CRITERIA voa RECOMMEND! l;r, LHCAI. ACTIC?> TO DIVISION OF REGULATORY cinnArr::
ij 0.3 PPM (ON FAT BASIS)
;i
BUn'ER
-:'.'.- -\ CJTItSR MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODt'CTS, Including pasteurized or otherwise
.: processed alLk, excluding low fat dairy productB-v- ' '/- ', ' -
!J ' ''. . '-' ;'..'..> ' '.'"_!: ' ' :
..''.'.' , ' 0.3 PPM .'. '.' '- .:'.. ' .. .--' :' .'"'
. FISH, Smoked, frozen, .canned
SHELLFISH, Smoked, frozen cadoed ;
r - .,. - -. .-; .-'..- . ' . ; .-. :-.....:; .- .. -:
r
i
» i i i t
i i . .
. i i . i
'' '
TRAMSI.UTTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73) . PACEl
-------
69
' HEPTACHI-OR AND HF.PTACHT.OR KPOXTDE
PI-TTHiMA FftS r.£CCMMS!{I>T?«i T.KftAT. ACTION TO PTVTSTOM OF REGULATORY ClUDAXCS
The fi?;urea below are for the above pesticides Individually or In
combliiatton. However, in adding amounts of hcptachlor and heptnchlor
cpoxide do not count heptachlor or hcptachlor cpoxidc found at a level
below 0.3 ppitt (on fat basis) lor butter or manufactured, dairy products.
or 0.03 Cor fishand shellfish.
0.3 PPM (ON FAT BASIS . ;'"
; ''.'- . " ' «."
BUTTER ' ' .
OTHER MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS, including pasteurized or otherwise
processed milk, excluding low fat dairy products.
0.3 PPM
FISH Smoked, frozen, canned
SHELLFISH,, Smoked, frozen, canned . .
i >
*
» I «!>.
!
« i
TRANSMITTAt. MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
70 GUIDELIHO-
L
7420.0&
ATTAGmUllT C
LIHDANK
SKr:oMME?nm:c. T.EOAT.. ACTION
0.3 I" VM (ON FAT BASIS)
iviyTorroF- rr.r4U..\Ton-Y
OTHER .MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS, including p/iotcurtzcd or
proccaacd milk, excluding low fat dairy products. f
I I I 1. f
I
» I t
tRAMSMITTAU NO. 73-l: (1/1/73)
PACE 1
-------
71
;u;!b {
j ATTAc:'':-:!r
IIAIATIIIO:?
i;R 121."228 and 121.1172)
Be certain there IB no apprecable tine Inpsc between
ancl ccir.ure referral. If ocvcral days have elapsed olnce the prlgiiiil
lns then resampling io required.
CRITRIHA roii.'DIRECT REFERENCE SEIZURE TO CSTIERAT; COUNSEL - GTTATTOIT
' 60 PPH * .'.:'''"" ';' '-.- ' ' '-.'-:-/ '' ' -'
CITRUS PULP
10 PPM
RAISINS .' .
III
*
I ' > I I I
ft t
I«
I I I »
» II
*-nAMc.MiTTA«_ rjo. 73-1 (1/1/73)
"PACE 1
-------
72
GUIDELINE
77*20. .08
.ATTACHMENT
. = METHOXYCIIT.OR *
t^.A I I t »
» I I < » >
(
I i
/ I i i i i
i »
I I >
TRANSMltTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE 1
-------
73 .
GUIDELINE I 7420.08 I AtTACHMEHT I !
'''.. ,"_- -^METHOXYCHLOR" * '
CRITKKTA FOR RECOMMENDING' LKGAT. ACTTOU TO DIVISION OF PHCULATORY GUIDANCE-
' ""*"_.'
1'.5 PPM (ON FAT BASIS)
.''": ' ..' BUTTER .- ;. ., " '.. . : . ' . .-.. ; . -._ . ' '-._..- . -: '.
; ''"'_ OT1ER MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS, including pasteurized or otherwise
' processed milk, excluding low fat dairy products. ^ f
i»».
*
> >«»
. » » i » i i
. « »
i»
i »» . »
i i * 11 > i \
i> it
'i > 11
?.
> > 11
.TRANSMITTAC NO. 73"! (1/1/73) ....... . - - s : RACE 1
-------
ADMINISTRATION
-TM-ZOTO**
M i:ii $7 M A . i '.'; GI ; I'D i -.i. i r.' r s « A m j Ai_ i
GHAI-TI.R 20 -(.;!:;:: ;-jvi. GUIDELINES - FOODS
Conaaodity Ct\Ic: 00
PU.Oj)ltCT: Raw Agricultural CoundJitlos
PROBLI:M: Adulteration - Pesticide Residues V-*-
: Residues] »..*'V."», v -
oai;:i'.rc referral" to General Counocl or referral to DRG with a rccoa-
ncifJutlon :"or legal notion is authorized where both the original and check
analysis slip:/ pesticide recidueo nt £r above the criteria cpeclfled in
this Guideline. Both the original and check analysis nuot be conflrced by
an appropriate Identification method such as thin layer chronatography.
Referral to DUO la authorized where both thrj original and check analysis
cxc'esd the l.:^;:! tolerance but do not nest pr exceed the administrative
Cuidclinc, provided caupling and analytical techniques are adequate to prove
conclusively !:hat the Ici^al tolerance has been exceeded. In such case all
jina'lyticnl clr.ta .including work sheets should be subaitted along with the
recpiaaendation for action. . . . , .
Tile criteria herein arc not directly applicable to any co=binaticns o£
pesticides cr.cept thoae ypccifically noted (e.g. dleldrln and aldrin,
etc.). ' - . ' ..
*
If ony othtr coabinetibna of any of the penticidcs in this s^idelinc are
encountered r.nd the pccticidcs are covered by finite published tolerances,
calculate tha percentage of tolerance as ohovn in 40 CFR IS.OVKc) (1) except
oubatituts the criteria in the Guideline for the published tolerance. If
the rc3ultcnt figure exceeds IOQZ the aaaple taay.oe referred to the
Division of Regulatory Guidance with a recouoendaulon for legal action.
However, bcc.-iU3e tolerances for negligible residues generally replace clear-
ances on a PS-residue basis, residues within tolerances designated as jj
negiisiblc i'soiduco shall not be considered in the calculation of the total
percentage oZ tolerances to determine compliance with 40 C??* 180.3.
_- ' '.
' . - .
Tne criteria specified in the Guideline" have been set to ellow for variance
in cnnlytic.rl rcaultn. Tnis Guideline will be.reviewed periodically and
revicod as r
;THAM',MITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73) ' ' PACC I
: Division of Regulatory Guidance, Bureau of Foods (KF-310)
-------
75
GUIDELINE
7420.09
The criteria upc-.cificJ In the* Guideline apply to objective ocr.plca. This :
dor:; not lir.it or prohibit r(?cu:rjr.cncllng legal action to the Division of
HrjMil.itory Culii..u»r.e: on lovi-r residue . lovely if there in evidence oi misuse
of: pe:;ticl(!.'!:, or if sowo oth«r fnc'r^r nppe*»ni to warrant ocllon.
.'. .-,...-. i . ' . ' -- .
V:!it.-ii! a criLi'iJun Tor action la shown for a general category of raw |
agricultural coiuaodity covered by 40 CFR 180.i(h) that criterion applies to \
the corresponding specific commodities shown in that paragraph (e.g., if an
action level ia shown for "beans" this level applies to green beans, lima
beans, navy bonus, etc.). , j
.' . . . ^ .
. '
Tlie criteria in this Guideline are given in parts per million on the .
conrnodity "as-io" unless otherwise specifically noted. Under the criteria }
for direct reference seizure to General Counsel-citation, the sample to be ~ ;
examined for pesticide residues will consist of the whole raw agricultural
commodity, cxcopt where otherwise specified in the tolerance for the pesticide :
lit question or'where otherwise specified in .40 CFR 180.l
-------
76 I
IE
GUIDELINE 7420.09
r - . , ' . I
FISH (RAW): Remove and discard he.ula,. scales and guts,
examine ronaindcr including tails if present.- '
SHELLFISH (!!AW):'
(1) ClAMi? AMD OYS.TliKS: ex.nr.iinc u ho;.:ogcnfauti mixture of ro.ic.«
and liquor.
(2) SHRIMP AMD SIMILAR SHELLFISH; remove and discard head*, tails '
and uholl, examine edible meat only. . _
VEGETABLES: ' ;
(1) General Connaont; ROOT CROPS; rinse lightly to remove
; adhering coil.
(2) SWEET CORN; remove and discard husks and cob, exaaine kernels.
. - .
(3) PUMPKIN'S; remove and discard rind, stem, and seedst examine
edible portion.
NOTE: The original screening analysis can be made on the saaple as
received ("as is") if it is Sound that this saves tine.
'However, when reoiduus are encountered over the.criteria levels the sample
tnuat be re-nooaved on the portion specified ahnv* «nH rbi»rfc an»1y*.i< m«i^r
aloo be done on the portion specified if the re-assay'confirms residues over
the criteria level.
SPECIMEN GtAP.GE FOR DIRECT REFERENCK SEIZURE TO-GENERAL COH.'SEL RAW
AGRIGULTl.'1'w'.L PRODUCTS
Article adulterated when introduced into and while in interstate cocncrce
within meaning of 21 U. S. C. 342(a)(2)(B) in that it is a raw agricultural
commodity nnd it contains a pesticide chemical, namely, dieldrin, which is
unsafe within meaning of 21 U. S. C. 346(a) since the quantity of such
pesticide chemical on apples is not within the limits of the tolerance so
prescribed by regulations promulgated pursuant of 21 U. S. C. 346a(b). ^ ..
NO. ;73-1 (1/1/73) X^^Z.^^5/^PAOE~3
-------
77
GUIDELINE
7420.09
V. ft;.'.- M **mmMW*M»w**
-------
78
GUIOF.I me
7V.'0.09
ATT AC: :?.r::i 7 A
ALDRIN " DTELDRIN
(40 CFH 160.135 and 130.37)
The figures below arc for the above pesticides Individually .**r li.
coMblr.:U. Ion. Hoyvrr, in mhllnc nmounta of cIlot«Jrtn /:nd nldrln do
_li'ut count itlu-t'ilrin or aldrin found at a level below. 0.03 Pl"i. tor
fruits ouii vegetables., and f,rnins, or 0.3 Pill., .(oh a fat booin) for
milk :. .
fie DISLDP.IN
CRITERIA- FOR DIRECT REFKUKTCE SEIZURR TO CEHERAL CCUKSCLlCITATIOM '..
0.15 PR-1
APPLES
APRICOTS
ASPAPJ'iGUS
BAITAJIAS
DROCCOLI
PROUTS
CADBAG2
CA1JTALGUP3
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
CELERY
CHERRIES .
.CRAMQ2RRICS
CUCUMBERS
0.15 PHI
BARLEY STRAW
OAT STRAW
Q-.Ofl'rEM
RICE GRAIN
0.05 PPM
BARLEY GRAIN
OAT GRAIN
EGGPLANT
GRAPHS
HORSERADISH
LETTUCE
MANGOES
MUSKHELOHS
NECTARINES
OHIOJIS
PARSNIPS
PEACHES
PEARS
PEPPERS
PIMENTOS
PINEAPPLE
RICE STRAW
RYE STRAW
RYE GRAIN
PLUIIS (FRESH PRUUES)
POTATOES
PUMPKINS
QUI1ICES
SJ\DIS:I TOPS
. SALSI7Y ROOTS
STRAKDEPJIIES
SUI-2I2R SQUASH
SKZET FOTATOES.
TOMATOES
VATERI-IBLOIIS
. WINTER SQUASH
V.1iEAT STRAW
WHEAT GRAIN
rN0. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE
-------
79
GUIDH IHIZ
7620.09-
n _?..'. h!rt n - Continual
CR.ITKRIA.FOR Rr.CONMKSDTKG LEGAL ACTTOM TO DIVISION OF UKGIILATOKY
FRUITS
B1JVCKDKRRIES
BLUEBERRIES
.ttilt-ANU SHELLFISH (RAW EDIBLE PORTION ONLY)
0.3 PPM
(ON FAT BASIS) MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZED)
0.03 PPM
CITRUS FRUITS ' .
0.15
MELONS (THOSE NOT OTHERWISE LISTED)
0.05
DEWBERRIES
ELDERBERRIES
FIGS
GOOSEBERRIES
GARDEN BEET TOPS
GARLIC
KALE
KOHLRABI
LEEKS
MUSTARD GREENS
PEANUTS
PEAS
COWPEA 1IAY
GRAIN SORGHUM
GRAIN SORGHUM
FORAGE
LESPEDEZA
PEA HAY
CURRANTS
VEGETABLES
ARTICHOKES '-.".
BEAHS
BLACK-EYED P'JIAS
COLLARDS
CORN (FRESH SWEET)
COWPEAS
EKDIVE (KSCA^OLE)
GARDEN BEETS
0.03 PPM
ALFALFA
CLOVER '
COBJ FORAGE
COIHCRAIR
<$^frf£*'
HUCKLEBERRIES
LOGAliBERRIES
RASPBERRIES
RUTABAGAS
SALSIFY TOPS
SHALLOTS
SOY BEANS
"SPINACH
SWISS CHARD
TURNIPS
TURNIPS TOPS
PEANUT HAY
POPCOR11
TOY BEAN HAY
UAY (ALL OTHERS)
'TRANSMITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE
-------
80
GUIDn.lNE
£
7A20.09 '
D I! C.
40 CPR 1GO.KO
The flf.urcn bclou nre to be unciJ (or total T«!C. J'-r-rcvcr, iu f.<5din?.
flmniih?ri of lii'.Mviilu"l Loc'ibem do not count nlplt.t, fr'-i.^". or i!«: ) t : t.ii
«t n ltvv-1 below 0. 1 pj-.n in milk or ef.ra flt'.d t'flot/ 0.02 in oth-.-r
t>7(x!uct:t. Do not: count bctn UUC at a level bclou 0.2 io tail!; or
cccc -and below 0.0^» in ether producto. ______
TO
coinrsnL-cr.r.\ 710:1
FRUD.'S
APPLES
.AP?vICOI3
CRAPES'
ASPAl!AGU3
uacccoj .1
PPl'51?'1'7.? SPROUTS
CACCAGIJ
CELEUV
COU.4RDS
CUCU:-JI>;;RS
IffiWKS
IECTAHI1ES
PEACHTS
STT^AV/CEPJIICS
PUPFSR3
PLlFiIIK
SPIHACH
ECCPLA11T
KAIS
' KCliLCABZ
LE1TUCS
MUSTARD CRSE1J3 SIS-8SZR SQUASH
OXRA. SWISS CliA^
0:?IOMS (DRY EUL3) TCIATCZS
CRITERIA FOn RZCCSfflElTDIHC LEGAL ACTIOM TO .DR'lS70:t 01' RE
1.2 PF.I
AVOCADO '-'"_
0.3 PHI (OM FAT BASIS)
MILK (RAH. UllPASTEURIZED)
075 -PR!
EGGS
TRANSMITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
I.. -
n H'C - CC:;TI.VI:HD
80
GUIDELINE
7-'. 2 0.09
ATTACHMCJIT H
i».
i':'
f
r
FRUIT
ISLUEQERRZES
BOYSENEZRRIES
CirrSLo FRUIT
CURRANTS '
VEGETABLES
BEAKS
BEJiTS
CARJIOT3
COM (FRESH SWEET)
0.1 PFM ,
CRAIMS
BARLEY.
HILO (S0.1GHl2iS)
COiW CP-MN
QMS
DEWBERIUES
ELDOKiiSlUlIZS
FIGS
GOOSEnilRIlIES
CUAVAS
HUCKLEDEPJIIES
ENDIVE
PEAS
POTATOES
RICE
RYE
WHEAT
.HAYS
LOGAHBGRRIES
MAKG02S
PIUEAPPLES
QUIirCES
'RASPB'ERRIJBS"
RUTABAGAS
SWEET POTATOES
TURNIPS
TURNIP GREENS OR TOPS
*AHSMTTtAL-NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
81
: GUIDELINE
7420.09
ATTACHMENT C
CARHARYL
(40TKR JUlT. 169)
'CM tWlt IA FOft DTKHCT REFERENCE SEIZURE TO GENERAL COUNSEL.CITATT.OM
110 PPM
VEGETABLES
SUCARBEET TOPS
FORAGE '."
ALFALFA
ALFALFA HAY
BARLEY STRAW
BARLEY (GREEN FODDER)
BEAN FORAGE
BEAN HAY
CLOVER
CLOVER HAY
CORN FODDER
14 PPM '
CORN FORAGE
COTTON FORAGE
COWPEA FORAGE
COWPEA HAY
GRASSES
GRASS11AY
OAT STRAW
OATS GREEN PODDER
PEANUT HAY
PEA VINES ;
RICE STRAW
-RYE-STRAW
RYE GREEN PODDER
SOYBEAN FORAGE
SOYBEAN HAY
SORGHUM FORAGE
WHEAT STRAW
WHEAT GREEN FODDER
FRUITS
BLACKBERRIES
BOYSE>JBERRIES
VEGETABLES
BEET GREENS OR TOPS
COLLARDS
DANDELION
DEWBERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
KALE
MUSTARD GREENS
PARSLEY
RASPBERRIES
SPINACH
SWISS CHARD
TURNIP GREENS OR TOPS
APPLES
APRICOTS
BANANAS
BLUEBERRIES
CHERRIES
CRANBERRIES
CRAPES
MELONS
NECTARINES
OLIVES
PEACHES
PEARS
PLUMS
STRAWBERRIES
TRANSMITTAU NO. 73-1 . (1/1/73)
-------
If.
in
82 GUIDELINE;
INC I
pj-:,
ATTACHMENT C
CnrKirvl - Conti
11 )'?'M - Cnnf'd
VF.(:CTABI.KS
ASPARAGUS
I:>A?
BEETS (GARDEN) ROOTS
CO;«N. FRESH. SWEET
(KERNELS PLUS COS
WITH HUSK REMOVED)
C01TONSEED
COVPEAS
HORSERADISH
PARSNIPS
RADISHIS
RICE, GRAIN
RUTABAGAS
SALSIFY ROOTS
SOYUEANS
TURNIPS (ROOTS)
CRITERIA FOR RECOMMENCING USACAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF REGULATORY' GUIDANCE
11 PPM '.=''
CITRUS FRUIT
MISMITTAU KO. . 73-1 _ (1/1/73)
A/ :.-.:v#ll)- >?.:
(:/ 8 MAY 1374 V;
VA f£»licni$. Cl .'/J-,
V\ .:/
NL./iii^.^X
-------
83
tun i
/'i.'M.U1.'
I"
(A'O UA fou.122).
>Tir; Rncc:*i.E.'.'ni;:3 LESA?,- ACTION TO Division o£,j'£nnJvrosv
APPLES
APRICOTS
BLACKnKRRTES .
BI.UEJ5EUUIES
BOYSKNBERRIES
CHERKIES
CITRUS FRUIT
'VECETACLHS
BEANS
BEETS (GARDEN) .
BEET GKKEiJS OR TOPS
BROCCOLI
BRUSSEI. SPROUTS
CABBAGE .
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
CELERY
COLLARDS
DEWBERRIES
CRAPES
LOGANBERRIES
MELONS
NECTARINES
PAPAYAS
PEACHES
CORN (FRESH SWEET)
CUC^tBERS
EGGPLANT
KAI.E .
KOHLRABI
LETTUCE
OKRA
ONIONS
PEAS
PEPPERS
POTATOES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
QUIN'CSS
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES
YOUNGBERRIES
RADISHES
RADISH TOPS
RUTABAGAS
RUT.*. S AC.*. S TO? £
SQUASH-
SU1-21ER SQUASH
SWEET POTATOES
TOi^ATOES
TURNIPS
TURNIP GREENS OR TOPS
n AN SMI TT AL MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACC 1
8 MAY 197^. 2
-------
84
GUIDELINE
i t
birr
(AO cI'U 180.147)
CR1TE3.1A FOP. DIRECT JUTr Efli'NCE SEIZHRS" TO GENERAL COU!:n."L-C"TTATIO:f
Jt' -."'.
i;' t' ' ' ''
1 I -' .
jl/. . "
:ij;v. '',.:. ''
1 , . .
l/i ppji
FRUITS
APPLES '
'APRICOTS
BLUE3.ERRZES
"
GRAPES
MAKGOES
MELONS
PEACHES
PEAKS
PINEAPPLES
(HUCKLEBERRIES)
CRANBERRIES
VEGETABLES
NECTARINES
QUNICES
BEAN'S
BEET GREENS
CADBAGB-
CELERY
COLURDS '
CUCUMBERS'-
EOCi PLAiaS
KALE
LE1TUCE
4.4 PFM COTTON SEED
3.9 PPM ,
FRUfTS
CHERRIES
MUSTARD GREENS
OICRA
ONIONS
PARSNIP GREENS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PUMPKINS
RADISH TOPS
RUTABAGA TOPS
PLUMS (FRESH PRUNES)
SPINACH
SQUASH
SUMMER SQUASH
SWEET POTATOES
SWISS CHARD
TOMATOES
VEGETABLES ' .
CARROTS SHEET CORN (KERNEL PLUS COB WITH HUSK
. - REMOVED) .
1.7 PPM SOYBEANS (DRY FORIi) . ' _ _ _ ' "
TRANSMITTAC »O. 73-1 (1/1/73)
. .ESIICIKJ CTi 7
':.'*".:-.-'<\
-------
85
cuiDti ISE:'
ATTACIU'.U.k'T Z
i.?. PI-.I
FltUlTS
CURRANTS
1.2 Pitt
VEGETABLES
ARTICHOKES
ASPARAGUS
BEETS (ROOTS)
BROCCOLI
BRUSSELS SPROUTS
DEWBERRIES
GOOSEBERRIES
CUAVAS
LOGANBERRIES
CAULIFLOWER
EKDIVE (ESCAROLE)
KOiILR/»3I
MUSHROOMS
PARSNIPS (ROOTS)
RASFBEHKIES
STR/vV/3KRRIES
YOUKGBERttlES
POTATOES
RADISHES (ROOTS)
RUTABAGAS (ROOTS)
TURNIPS (ROOTS)
CRITERIA'FOR RECOMHEKDIKC LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF REGULATOP.Y_GUIPAIvC5
3.9 PPM
CITRUS .FRUITS AVOCADOS PAPAYAS
1.2 PPM
PEANLTS .
THANSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PAGE
I'! 8 'MAY 1:174 j4
»
-------
86
GUIDELINE
7'-20.0'.)
> T T / r * ' ' v
/\ I .1 I s >.. I I I ,. I \
IUVT. DDK AN!) TDK
(40 CFR '
y or in comb in.ic ton. However, in adding amounts -of DDT, DD
and IDE do not count nny of the three found below 0.3 ppta. (on a fnc
bnni.-?) for milk or 0.2 ppm. for cygs, hay and grain.
CRITERIA -FOR 'DIRECT REFEKEKCE SEIZURE to CEMERAL COU>?SF.L-CITATIOH
1.5 PKl (ON FAT BASIS)
MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURI2ED)
C1UTERTA FOPx RECOI-f.-lETlDINO LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF REGUlATORY
1.5 mi EGGS . %
0.5 PPM 11AY
GRAINS; CORN GRAIN, BARLEY, MILO (SORGIIUM), OAT5, RIGE,
, WMliAT .
TRANSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE 1.
-------
87 ..
GUioi;u;it
ATTACKMEHTi:
: . eRT.TKRi-A. "OR RSCOHMEllimx; LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF R ECI' I .ATOl>V; CM I! > AN f: K
0.3 Pill (OM FAT BASIS) MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZED)
0.3 Pl'i Fl.SIl 6, SHELLFISH (RAW EDIBLE PORTION OIH.Y)
0.05 PHI
FRUITS
APPLES
APRICOTS .
BLACJiliKURIES
&LUEHF.RRIES
HOYSK14BERRIES
CITRUS FRUIT '
CHERRIES
. CRAKRKRRTKS
CURRANTS
VECSTAPLES
ARTICHOKES
ASPARAGUS
BEANS
BESTS
BROCCOLI
BRUSSEL SPROUTS
CABBAGE
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
COLLARDS
CORN (FRESlt SWEET)
CUCUJ1BERS
EGGPLANT
0.03 PKi EGGS
DEWBERRIES
ELDER1JERRIES
FIGS
GOOSEBERRIES
CRAPES'
GUAVAS
HUCKLEBERRIES
I/TCANRERRTES
MANGOES
ENDIVE
KALE
KOHLRABI
LETTUCE
MUSTARD GREENS
OKRA
ONIONS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PIMENTOS
POTATOES
PUMPKINS
MELONS
NECTARINES
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
QUINCES
RASPRF.RRIKS
STRAWBERRIES
RADISHES
RUTABAGAS
SQUASH
SPINACH ; -
SUGARBEETS
SUGAPJJEET TOPS
SUJ
-------
88
cuioni INC .
ATT/.CI:.V.W::V
1IF.PTACUT.oa f. HEPTACKI.QR ETOXIPE
(40 CFR ISO. 10^
The .figures below. nrc 'for the nbovc pcstlcldec individually'or in
combinncIon. However, do not count hepcnchlor or heptachlor epoxidc
found at a level below 0.3 ppm. (on n fat basis) for ciilk or 0.03 ppa.
for other products. .
' --:''*
CRITKRTA FOR DIRECT REFERENCE SEI'/.URS TO GENERAL COUliSSL-CITATIOIl
0.15 I'KI
CABBAGE
LETITUCC
RUTABAGAS SNAPBEANS
CRITESIA FOR RECOMMENDING LEGAL ACTION* TO DT.VIST.OM OP REGULATORY' GUIDANCE
0.3 PHI (ON FAT BASIS) MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZE.D)
0.3-PRt FISll & SHELLFISH (RAU EDIBLE PORTION ONLY)
0.03 PRI
EGGS .
BARLEY
CORN GltAIK-
APPLES
APRICOTS
BLACKBERRIES .
BLUEBERRIES
BOYSEH'-iERRIES
CITRUS FRUIT
CHERRtKS
CRANBEI-UIIES
MILO (SORGHUMS)
OATS
RICE
CURRANTS
DEWBERRIES
ELDERBERRIES
FIGS
GOOSEBERRIES-
GRAPES
HUCKLEBERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
RYE
VtlEAT
ALL HAYS
MELONS
NECTARINES
PEACHES
PEARS
.PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
QUINCES
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES
TRAMSMITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE 1
-------
*:
89
GUIDELINE
7A20.C»o
ATTACHMENT il
' ?
1 !
1 '
! i
f
i
r;
I i
:.!.-
1!
VEGE-!7.!'.I.!-:S
Aivnuior.r.n
ASrAUAcur.
BEANS (EXCEPT SlJ/ilv
BEANS)
"BF.ETS '
BUCUKYF.I) PEAS
iir.L SPROUTS
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
CELERY
COLLARDS
CORIi (FRESH SHEET)
COWPSAS
IOM.F.
KOHLRABI
BEAMS
GREENS
CIUIA
or:io;;s
PAIISELY
PEAS
PEPPERS
pniEirroas
POTATO K-S
ru.Mrr.iNi? "
RADISHES
SQUASH
SPINACH
SUGAKBECTS
SUGAR CANE
cicinaiVSQUASU.
SWISS CIIARD
SIJECT POTATOES
TOMATOES
TURI:IPS
TURNIP GR£E«S OH TOPS
'\fH5TEJI SQUASI1
TRAM5MITTAL MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
90
GUI DP. I. IN
7'. 20.09
ATTACI'.'.'.rr.Y I
I , I - Si » (p - Ch 1 o r o ; .h>> n v I)- 2^3,2, -trlrhloroo^hnnol
(KKLT11ANK)
CfR 180.163)
i'FOR -DIRECT
S5I7.URK TO C^Crx/.I. COirif.nT.-CTTATTOH
35
HOPS
12
APRICOTS
6.0 pni
FRUITS
APPLES
CAtlTAUiUI'S
c.iiKnians
CRADAPl'LES
VnGETAv.LES
BEAKS, DRY
BEAMS, FRESH
CUCUMBERS
EGG PLANT
LQ1A Bl'.ANS
MECTARIKES
DEiraF.RRIES
GRAPHS
LOCAllliSIlPvIES
MELONS
MUSIQIELOHS
PEPPERS
PIMENTOS
PUMPKIUS
SNAP BEANS
PEACIIZS
PEARS
PLUMS
QUINCES
RASPBERRIES
STIL\HHERRIES
WATERMELONS
SUIiKER SQUASH
TOM/iTOES
VHNTER SQUASH
~~ CRITERIA FOR RECG;-g-lProiNG LEGAL .ACTION TO DIVISION 07 REGULATORY OUTDANCE
12 PR!'
CRAPE?:iUITS
KUMQUAYS
LEMONS
6.0 PPM FIGS
LIMES
ORAKGES
TANCELOS
TAKGERIK2S
TnAMCMITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/.1/73).
:
PACE
1
-------
91
GUIDELINE
7420.09
\TTACIIMEKT j
r
tlHDAHP. '
(40 CFR 1K0.133)
CRITERIA FOR DIRECT REFERENCE SEIZURE TO GENERAL COUNSEL-CITATION
'.'" : 3*3 PHI ; - . .' .-"'''.. ...-'.
- ,: . MELONS' ' '"' .''..' '._.. -. '=..>;; ./ / " ' "'-;_.." ''.:'
VEGETABLES ' ' ' , : . . .
CUCUMBERS
LETTUCE
MUSHROOMS
1.1 PPM
FRUITS
. »
APPLES
APRICOTS
CHEltRIES
GRAPES
GUAVAS .
VECSTAnLES
ASPARAGUS
BROCCOLI
BRUSSEL SPROUTS
CABBAGE
CAULIFLOWER
CELERY
PUKPl'JNS
SQUASH
MANGOES
NECTARINES
PJiACttiS
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
COLLARDS ...
EGGPLANT
KALE
KOHLRABI
MUSTARD GREENS
SUIflffiR SQUASH
TOMATOES
PLUMS
QUINCES
OKRA
ONIONS (DRY BULB)
PEPPERS
SPINACH
SWISS CHARD
TRANSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
92
CUIDELIMC
7420.09
ATTACHMENT J
CUITEKIA FOR R'ECOMHENDIiK! LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION Qg-RECUTATQll^-GllTI>ANCH
. .' 1. I Pitt '.... ' ' ' - ' , . __:_.... .'..;. .
" "
AVOCADO . . '-.''.. ._ : . . .
FRUITS
BLACKBERRIES
BLUEBERRIES
BOYSKNBERRIES ',.-
CITRUS FRUIT
CRAUBERRlIiS
CURRANTS
DEWBERRIES
ELDERBERRIES
PICS
GOOSEBERRIES
HUCKLEBERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
RASPBERRIES
VEGETABLES . '
ARTICHOKES
BEAMS
liKETS (GARDEN)
CAkROIS
CORK (FRESH SWEET)
0.5PPH .
EGGS ,' -...'- '
0.3 PP« (ON FAT BASIS)
MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZED)
0.1 PPM
'BARLEY .
CORN GRAIH . ...',.
MILO (SORGHUMS)
ENDIVE.
PEAS
POTATOES
RADISHES
OATS
RIGS
RYE
RUTABAGAS
SWKET POTATOES
TURNIPS
TURNIP GREENS
WHEAT
BAYS
ANSMITTALMO. .73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE
-------
93
GUIDE'.!HE
7/.20.1W
ATTACHMENT K
-.- HALA7HTOS
(40 CYS. ICO.Ill)
- ' ' -
Be certain there Is no appreciable tisc lapse between srnpltnf.-analynia
and r.ei;:urc referral. If several days have elapsed since the original
sflir.pl Imj then resampling is required.
-GRITi'RTA I'0r> .DIRECT"RRFHR.F.NC5 .SEIZURE TO GENERAL COUNSEL-CITATION'
IGO
ALFALFA
CLOVEK
COV7PEAS FOPJ\CF. AND RAY
.GRASSES
60 PFM
ALWOHD HULLS
*
10 I'PM
FRUITS
APPLHS
APRICOTS
BLUKBEIUUES
BOYSEJJ!',ERRIES
CHERRir.S
CRAK&C».RIES
CURRAIITS
DEVJDERi'vIES
GOOSEBERRIES
GRAPES
GRASS J!AY
LESPEDEZA HAY AWD
STRAW
LUPINE HAY AND STRAW
GUAVAS
LOGANBERRIES
MANGOS
MELON S
NECTARINES
PASSION FRUITS
PEAIHTF FOn^GE AN1> HAY
SOY5EAN' FORAGE AIH)
VETCH HAY: AND STRAW
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
PRUNES
QUINCES
RASPHERR1ES
STRAWBERRIES
TRAMSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
94
CUIDCI-IMC
7-'i20.0'J.
A-TTACMMKNT ;<
vr.f:n'Ar.i.i-:s -..
Af'.lViliAGUS-' '.-
HKANS.
LI:I:TS (INCLUDING TOPS)
Huoccofj
liKUSSKL SPROUTS
CA!IRAC£ ':'.-
CAKKOTS
CAUIJ FLOWER ."-
CELERY '
COLIJVRDS.
CUCUMBERS
DANDELION
ECGFIAiNT
ENDIVE (ESCAROLE)
GARLIC
FORAGE ' ... .
CORN FORAGE
SORGHUM FORAGE
GRAINS
-------
95
GUID
/.'.20.0'J
2-. A vm
COTTONSEED
' 1.2 ?p;-t,
ALKONDS
0.6 IM'M
MIUC FAT
0.2 IM'M
EGGS
CHESTNUTS
FILBERTS
H,\CADAMLA NUTS
TRAM
.UMTTAUiO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
, r': V
.v ivY'
*.»». »«..-
"* |»AC£
-------
96
GUID! LINE
r "
//, 2o,ov
(40 CFi 1S0.20)
'. -HCRl.TE-llA. fQit.tny.HGT REFERENCE SEIZURK TO CENTRAL
110 PIvl
ATTAr..s.-.i:.T.i,
ALFALFA
SOYI;I;AH FORAGE
CLOVKR
CRASS
PEAtJUT
16 I'lM
FRUITS
APPLES
APRICOTS
BLACKBERRIES
liLUKoMRRlES
' BOYSIilJJJMRRlES
CRAKP>I:RRIES
cuRRAjrrs
DEVttERRIES
GOOSFiDERRlES
GRAPES
LCGAUBERRIES
MELONS
NECTARINES
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
QUIKCES
RASPBERRIES
YOUNGEERRIES
ASrA'V.CUS
IIMAUS
JiliEVS (GAIM)^J)
DECT GREKIIS OR TOi'5
BROCCOLI
BRUESEL SPROUTS
CABBAGE'
CARROTS'
CAULIFLO^/ER
.COLLARDS.
2.2 PFM
CRAHIS
BARLEY ".'.
CORN GR.\tN
CORN (FRESH SVHCET)
CUCUMBERS
LCGPLANT
KJ\LK
KOHLR/.BI
LE1TUCE
>5USIlROO:iS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PUMPKINS
MILO (SORGHUM)
OATS
RADISHES
RADISH'TOPS
RUTABAGAS
RUTABAGAS TOl'S
SQOASSt
SPINACH .
SIE'KER SQUASH
TOM/iTOES
TURNIPS
TURNIP GREENS OR TO?T
RICE
RYE
WHEAT
THANSMtTTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACC
-------
97
CUIOKl'.IME
TAi-l.KS (Co:;ti mu'.tl)
ATTACJ;,MI::V :.
.;'-.'. SWIvKT l-OTATOKS
crtTTKRTA_FOR' !';:coM'-:r.Ni)u;i.; T.I::C:AL ACTION TO TMK PIVISTO:? OKJp.r
1.5 PPM (o:; TAT BASTS)
MILK (RAW, L^'PASTEURIZED)
YAM5
OKY CUTDANC!V
1AM
5MITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
^.', , ,--.
«». r.-,-O -.'.'.'^-~..'.».t..l. n
,'A.^". *-<>\
-
PAGC «i
' / j^ Wf\Y W H
-------
98
GUIDELINE
j/nr
(40 d'K J.P.0.147)
CR1TES1A FOP. Dlr'.ECT SE? EKS'IiCS' SE17.IMVS TO GSNSHAI:. COU!.'S.;:L-C'TTATI03
7.7 PPM '_
FRUITS
APPLES > V
APJVICOTS *
BLUEBERRIES
(HUCKLEBERRIES)
CRANBERRIES
VEGETABLES
BEAKS
BEET GREENS
CAUBAGE
CE1.ERY
COLURDS '
CUCUIJBERS
ECC. pLAhi'S
KAI.E
LE1TUCE
4.A PFM COTTOIJ SEED
3.9 PF!1
FRUfTS
CHERRIES
CRAPES
MANGOES
MELONS
NECTARINES
MUSTARD GREENS
01CRA
ONIONS
PARSNIP GREENS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PUMPKINS
RADISH TOPS
RUTABAGA TOPS
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
QUNICES
SPINACH
SQUASH
SUMMER SQUASH
SWEET POTATOES
SWISS CHARD
TOMATOES
PLUMS (FRESH PRUNES)
VEGETABLES ' . . . '_.' .
CARROTS SWEET CORN (KERNEL PLUS COB WITH HUSK
REMOVED)
.1.7 PPM SOYBEANS (DRY FORM) . ;_
4-
f-
TRAMSMITTAU KO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
if.-'. - ;
r . " ' - ' i.
- -.
it' ' -
-r- _ - ' * .
»'."-
l :
» : ' '
1 i.? rr.i
h -- v - ' ' ' .. ,- -
f -- ; \F.1111II2 >
'.''- ~;
BrACrjjF.KKrr.5
P,OYS:-:»3KiU{IES-.
CUKKAKTS":
1- ..: '^ ' ' ' - . .-' ' : . " ' ' '
f *' - ' --; - .- , ; : " .
1 .. . . ' :..'. -
'.-; 1.2 PIM
VEGETABLES
ARTICHOKES
; ASPARAGUS
BEETS. (HOOTS)
[ BROCCOLI
1 BRUSSELS SPROUTS
1 " ' '..'.' ^ '.
»-:'-' . .
..--" - '
QQ
CU.DD..KE. ,V,-?OrOO. j ;.ATTAClu,t,T. E
. .' ' k -
.* - - - '
DEW3ERKIES RASPBEHRIES
GOOSEBERRIES STRAW3ERRIES .
CUAVAS YOUKGBERKIES
LOGANBERRIES .
f
CAULIFLOWER POTATOES
ENDIVE (ESCAROLE) RADISHES (ROOTS)
KOilLRABT RUTABAGAS (ROOTS)
MUSHROOMS TCURHI-PS (ROOTS)
PARSNIPS (ROOTS) .
"
CRITERIA FOR RECO^EMDIIIG LEGAL ACTIOIJ TO DIVISION OF REGULATORY GUIPASCS
' ' * ' 39 PPM
!..*'.- W«^*»«i
; CITRUS FRUITS
»-.
t
} - 1.2 PPM
t
*'
j PEANUTS
!'' .'--
i ..-.' -' -' . -.' -
;--.-. ..-. .- -
»
t . ' . ..
/ _
*
.i .- --.-- - ----- - . - --
I THANSMltTAL KO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
AVOCADOS PAPAYAS
^
"~" "' . '
' - '
. ' V^'-j"' '^x.
/'.&* "~ "'^\ PAGC 2
f V r » ** ~. »jv
-------
100
GUIDELINE
VV20.0'.)
1>I)T. DDK AN!) TDS
UO CFR lUo".l/l7c
Individually or in combination. However, in adding amounts-of DDT, DD
and IDE do not count any of the three found below 0.3 ppia. (on a fac
basis) for milk or 0.2 ppm. for eycn, hay and grain.
CRITERIA FOR 'DIRECT RBFEKEKCE SEIZURE TO CEMERAL COUNSEL-CITATION
1.5 Pitt (ON FAT BASIS)
MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZED)
CRITERIA FOR RECOMMENDING LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF REGULATORY
1.5 ITM EGGS .
0.5 PT-H
GRAINS: CORN GRAIN, BARLEY, MILO (SORGHUM), OATS, RICE,
RYU, WHEAT .
TRAN5MITTAL NO. 73«][ (1/1/73)
PACE
8 MAY 1374'
\'\ i-c
-------
101
cut or
5Li:if. I
»^*» *»«» .'.
ATTACHMENT
(4uTjnrTso.ni)'
-CRi.TE.1tA.-rOR- RSCO>MEI1PINS LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF R!'GlM.ATOy.V:
0.3-PPM (ON FAT BASIS) MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZED)
0.3 PKJ FISH & SHELLFISH (RAW EDIBLE PORTION ONLY)
0.05 PHI
FHUITS
APPLES'
ArRlCOTS .
DLACOERRIES'
BLUEIJERRIES
IIOYSEUBERRIES
CITRUS FRUIT -
CHERRIES
r.RAKBKHRTKS
CURR/.NTS
VECSTAPLES
ARTICHOKES
ASPARAGUS
BEANS
BESTS
BROCCOLI
BRUSSEL SPROUTS
CABBAGE
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
COLLARDS
CORN (FRESH SWEET)
CUCUMBERS
EGGPLANT
0.03 PKi EGGS
DEWBERRIES
ELDERBERRIES
FIGS
GOOSEBERRIES
GRAPES'
GUAVAS
HUCKLEBERRIES
MANGOES
ENDIVE
KALE
KOHLRABI
LETTUCE
MUSTARD GREENS
OKRA
ONIONS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PIMENTOS
POTATOES
PUMPKINS
MELONS
NECTARINES
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
QUINCES
RASPRF.RRIKS
STRAWBERRIES
RADISHES
RUTABAGAS
SQUASH
SPINACH ; -
SUGARBEETS
SUGARBEET TOPS
SUMMER SQUASH
SHEET POTATOES
TOMATOES .
TURNIPS
TURHtP GREEN'S
WINTER SQUASH
TnAN&MITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
ft
PACE 1
8 MAY 1374 V4
-------
102
cuioni INC
7A20.00
UF.PTACW.OR f, H£PTAC;!!.OR EPO>:il>S
(40 CFK 1SO.LOA1
The fi{jurrs below..ire 'for the above pcsticidcc Individually or In
combination.. However, do not count hepcnchlor or hcptachlor epoxtde
found .it a level below 0.3 ppm. (on a fat basis) for milk or 0.03 ppa.
for other products. .
i , - ; " - . . .-'-
.GRITKRIA KOR DIRECT REFER RICE SF.I7.URS TO GEMKRAL COUIJSKL-CITATIOK .
0.15
CABBAGE
RUTABAGAS
SHAPOEANS
CRITERIA FOR RECOMMENDING LEGAL ACTION' TO DIVISION OF REGULATORY GUIDANCE
0.3 rn-t (ON FAT BASIS) MILK (RAW, Ul.TASTEURIZE.D)
0.3TR1 'FISH & SHELLFISH (R.\H EDIBLE PORTION OtfLY)
0.03 PH-t
EGGS .
RARLEV
CORK CHAIN
APPLES
APRICOTS
BLACKJIKRRIES .
BLUEBERRIES
BOYSEHUERRIES
CITRUS FRUIT
CHERRIMS
CRANBERRIES
MILO (SORGHUMS)
OATS
RICE
CURRANTS
DEWBERRIES
ELDERBERRIES
FIGS
GOOSEBERRIES-
GRAPES
HUCKLEBERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
RYE
KHF.AT
ALL HAYS
MELONS
NECTARINES
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
QUINCES
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRI'ES
TRAHSWTTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
ij I
H
i
i
»..
103
GU ID KLINE
AT.TACKV.IMY il
AUTicnoi'.r.n.
ASi'Aa/.curi
BEAMS (KXCEPT SNAP
JiKANS)
BKETS
BMCKKYEl? PEAS
Biux:cnu /
URUSSF.L SPROUTS
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
CELERY
COLLARDS
CORli (FRESH S1EET)
COWPSAS
-KiM.E
ll\\A BEAMS
MUSTARD GREENS
CIIRA
ONIOHS
PAUSELY
PEAS
PEPPERS
pinarroas
POTATOES
rUMlT.TNS '
RADISHES
SQUASH
SPINACH
SUGAKBEKTS-.
SUGAR CAKE
'SKIER SQUASH
STOSS C11/.RD '
SlfUnT POTATOES
TOTIATOES
TURIIIPS
TJRIMP GR£E«S OH TOPS
' SQUASH
i »
FRANSMITTAl. NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
104
GU!Dni>4E
,r
. 20.09
i r* ^**
j-
*. *.**? r**s» i »
1 , I - S 1 K ( p - Cl vl o r o : -h * n v l)-j , 2^ 2,_ -rr 1 rhl oroc'.hanol
(KKLT1LMJK)
CfR 180.163)
-CTIt-KRTA'FOR DIRECT RSrERF.?!CE SSIZTIRF. TO n^iHrvA
35 PHt HOPS
12
APRICOTS
6.0 pni
FRUITS
APPLES
CAUTAl.OUI'S
CHEnUTKS-
CRABAPl'LES
VEGETAr.LES
BEANS, DRY
BEAHS» FRESH
CUCUHBiaiS
EGG PLANT
MECTARIKES
CRAPKS '
L03AIJBBRRIES
HEL011S
PEPPERS
PIMENTOS
'PUMPKINS
SNAP BEANS
PEACUE3
PEARS
PLU11S
QUIKCE3
RASrnEKRIES
STllAVIHERRIUS
UATERMLIOHS
SIEiUCR SQUAS1I
TOM/vTOES
OTNTER SQUASH
-CRITERIA-FOU RECOMMENDING LEGAL .ACTION TO DIVISION 0? REGULATORY GUIDANCE
17. PFM
:. CRAFET.IUITS
KUMQUAYS
LQIONS .
6.0 PPM FIGS
LIMES
ORAKGES
TANCELOS
TANGERINES
TOAHCMITTAI. NO. 73-1 (1/1/73).
-------
105 .
GUICTUHE
7A70.09
ATTACHMHHT J
" ; ...-_- """ tlNDAHE ' ' ; '.-,
(40 CFR 180.133)
"CRITERIA FOR DIRECT REFERENCE SEIZURE TO GENERAL COUNSEL-CITATION
'-/- . 3.3 PFM ; .'-.-. . '.' '_."'! . '....' '..-'.- -
-./.MELONS.''.. ... . '.. ; . .'..;*..-'.':' .''".".'.: ' '''
VEGETAnLES :'.
CUCUMBERS
LETTUCE
MUSHROOMS
I.I PPM
FRUITS
' * : *
APPLES
APRICOTS
CHERRIES
CRAPES
GUAVAS
VEGETABLES
ASPARAGUS
BROCCOLI
BRUSSEL SPROUTS
CABBAGE
CAULIFLOWER
CELERY
PUKPKIHS
SQUASH
MAHGOES
NECTARINES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
COLLARDS ...
EGGPLANT
KALE
KOHLRABI
MUSTARD GREENS
SU121ER
TOMATOES
PLUMS
QUINCES
OKRA
ONIONS (DRY BULB)
PEPPERS
SPINACH
SWISS CHARD
TRANSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE 1
-------
106
' 'CUIDELIMC
7420.09
ATTACHMENT J
GRITEItIA FOR ftECQMHEMPIiC. LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OP ..RKCULAIORY... C
AVOCADO
FRUITS . .
B1WVCKBERRZBS
BLUEBERRIES
BOYSKHBERRIES. -,-'
CITRUS FRUIT
CPJUJBERRIES
CURRAKTS
DEWBERRIES
ELDERBERRIES
PIGS
GOOSEBERRIES
HUCKLEBERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
RASPBERRIES
VEGETABLES . :.
ARTICHOKES
BKAHS '
BKETS (GARDEN)
CARROTS
CORK (F'RBSn SWEET)
0.5PPM .
EGGS .' "...'-. '
0.3 PPM (ON FAT BASIS)
MILK (RAW, UNPASTEURIZED)
0.1 PPM .
'BARLEY
CORK GRAIM .
MILO (SORGHUMS)
ENDIVE.
PEAS
POTATOES
RADISHES
OATS
RICE
RYE
RUTABAGAS
SWEET POTATOES
TURNIPS
TURNIP GREENS
WHEAT
BAYS
_.AIMSMITTAL MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE
-------
107
GUIDEVirlE:
ATTA'CUMWT K
(Ao cm ico. in)
Be certain there Is no appreciable tlsc lapse bccvccn snnpltnf.-analynis
and r.cixurc refcrr.nl. If several days have elapsed since the original
samp-llni; .then rcs.anpitng is required.
^CRITERIA.' FOR .DIRECT RRFSRSNCS .SSXZURg TO CST?£itAI. CPU!? SET. -CITATION*
ALFALFA
CLOVER
COWPEAS FOHACE AND HAY
.GRASSES
60TFM
ALMOND HULLS
*
10 PPM
FRUITS
APPLES
APRICOTS
BLACKJU:RRIES
BLUEDBURIES
BOYSRJS'.EPvRIES ''
CUKRRir.S
CRAKBE'IRIES
CURRAlirS
DEVJ3ER11IES
GOOSEBERRIES
GRAPES'
GRASS JIAY
LESPEDS^A »AY AtTD
STRAW
LUPINE HAY AhT) STRAW
CUAVAS
LOGANBERRIES
MANGOS
MELONS
NECTARINES
PASSION FRUITS
PEAMirr FOWGE ANTV IL'.Y
SOYBEAN' FORAGE AJID
VETCH HAY: AND
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS
PRUNES
QUINCES
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES
TRANSMtTTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACE
-------
108
GUIDCI UJC
7-'.2U.O'J
ATTACHMENT
vr:c:.r;rAr.i.Ks
ASPARAGUS-' ,
I5KA.NS
fcKKTS ( 1 NCL'UI) INGVTOrS)
HUOCCOIJ
BKUSSICL SPROUTS
GARBAGE:
.CAKKOTS-
CAULIFLOWER ' '
'CELERY
COLI.ARDS
CUCUMBERS
DANDELION
ECGPIAKT
ENDIVE (ESOAROLE)
GARLIC
FORAGE ......
CORN FORAGE ,
SORGHUM FORAGE
*
GKAlHS AMI SKtU
BARLEY
CORJ1 CR.MN
LESPSDEZA SEED
KAI.K
KOHIJU2VI
LKUKS
LENTILS
LETi'UCE .
MUS!iKOO:-S
MUSTARD' GREENS
OKR«\
ONION'S (LVCLtDING GREEN
ONIONS)
PARSLEY
PARSNIPS
PEAS
PEPPERS .
rOTATOi-S .
PUMi'KIN'S
RADISHES
KUTAiiAttAS
SALSIFY (INCLUDING TOPS)
SHALLOTS
SPINACH
SQUASH
SUGAR BEETS (TOPS)
SU>L'-J:R SQUASH
SWISS CHARD
TOMTOES
TURNIPS (INCLUDING TOPS)
WATERCRESS
WINTER SQUASH
PEA VINE HAY
PEA VINES
LUPINE SEED
OATS
RICE
SORGHUM
RYE
VETCH SEED
WHEAT
2.4 PPM FRESH VEGETABLE SWEET CORN (£ERNELS_PLUS.CQ3..HIUi.HUSK_EE^VED)
. - - 1.2 PPM :v . '. _ '_...-. -. " . .
PAPAYAS SUGAR BEETS (ROOTS) SWEET POTATOES
CRITERIA FOR REOMMENDINC LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION Og_REGULATORY .CUTDANCT....
tO PPM .
AVOCADOS
DATES
GRAPEFRUIT .
FIGS
KUMQUATS .
LEMONS
LIMES
PEPPERMINT
ORANGES
SPEARMINT
PEANUTS
PECANS
SOYBEANS
TANCELOS
TANGERINES
WALNUTS
x^rTs^'*t"^f
' fef' 8 KW^r
\" »£C1ST?«!»'' WZ
\\, nsr.cnts. z?<
\ >^.
TRAM1MITTAL MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACI: 2
-------
CJiITJlinA_i£
2. 6 JL'VH
COTTONSEED
1.2 Wt
AUIOMDS
0.6-PPM
MILIC FAT
0.2 IM'M
EGGS
109
GUID!
/.'20.p'J
ATTACK."...::!
CHESTNUTS
FILBERTS
tJACABAMIA KUTS
TRAM
tMITTAU N:>. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
110
CUID! LIME
r
I ATTAf.:i.;l:!T T;
METHOXYCHI.OR
-'-- CRlTK-llA FOR lURKCT REFERENCE SEIZURE TO CriJuRM. eOtlltSni.-CITATIG!!
no
ALFA i. F'A.
CLOVKR
FORAGE .
CRASS FOR F(KV
PEANUT FOftAGE
16
FRUITS
APPLES
APRICOTS
BLACKBERRIES
DLUKB:-:RRIF.S
BOYSI:IJB:-:RRIES
CRAKJIERIUES
cuaiiAjrrs
DEOTERRIES
GOOSEBERRIES
GRAPES
LCGAt.'BERRIES
MELONS
NECTARINES
PEACHES
PEARS
PINEAPPLES
PLUMS .,
QUIKCES
RASPBERRIES
STRAIjBCRRinS
YOUNGEERRIES
it" .
i ." .
'.'
;
1,
'
i:
:
I-
J; -
?.-. '
t*
i '
ii
* .' '
*
.
t
VEGETAni.ES.-
ASPARAGUS
BEANS
liEEVS (GA!!l)E:i)
BEUT GREKIIS OR TOi'S
BROCCOLI.
BRUSSCL SPROUTS
CABBAGE
CARROTS- '
CAULIFLOWER
COLLARDS
2.2 PFM
GRAINS
BARLEY "
CORN GRAIN
TRANSMITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
CORN (FRESH SVrXT)
CUCUJ1BER3
LGGr'L/.NT
KJ\LK
KOHLRACI
LE1TUCE
MUSHROOMS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PUMPKINS
IIILO (SORGHUII)
OATS
.^':-\?%x
'
RADISHES
RADISH TOPS
RUTABAGAS
RUTABAGAS TOI'S
SQUASH
SPINACH .
SUJ'KER SQUASH
TOMATOES
TURls'IPS
TURNIP GREENS OR TO?C
-
RICE
RYE
VfilEAT
PACE 1
. .
-------
Ill
7-'. 2 0.09
ATTACIIML::; 5.
VKf :jjTAj;U' _S (Co:: I i mu'd )
KITATOKK
SWJvKT I'OTATOKS
CRTT!C];lTA FOR JSXO^.N'UlXt; '.T.KflAL ACTION. TO T1IK PIVTSTO:; OKjtrrri'IATOSY Cl'TDAXCF.
-US- PPM (O:.' l'A7 BASTS) '_ = ' ___
: (R/vW, U!J PASTEURIZED) .
AMWITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
-t
112
cuic-i Lirin
Al TACII ; ;:T
f.
if.
PAKATHION (, METHYL'PA'.'.ATM I ON"
f.'»0 Cru 180.121)
The fiyurcs below .ire for the above pesticides individually or in COM-
blu.-Uion.' However, in adding .mounts of pnrathion nnd methyl pnrnchipr.,
do not. count p.-ir.irhJon or methyl parathion found nt a leycl of bulow
0.05 pi^.
Be ccrt.iin thcrt; i:..no npprfdnblo time lapse between r.3iapilnn-nnaiyi;tr.
and nuii'.urti rcferr.il. If several dnyn h.-ivc clapcccf since the orii'in'al
sampling tlien rcsciinplinR ts required.
CRITERIA FOR DIIirCT RKFERF.KCE SEIZURE TO (7EKERAL CO»M'SPJ<-CITATIOt>
FKUITS
APPLES
APRICOTS .'
-Bl-ACiaJKRRIES
BLUEHERRtES
CULT.IUES .
CUMANTS
DEWBERRIES '
GOOSEBERRIES
GRAPES
OIl'AVAS-
LOGANBERKIES
MANGOES
MELONS
NECTARIKKS
OLIVES
PEACHES
PELVRS
PINEAPPLES
QUINCES
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES
YOUKGBERRIES
VERF.TABLES
ARTICHOKES
BEAMS
BEETS
BEET GREENS
BROCCOLI
BRUSSELS SPROUTS
CACr/iGE-
CARFOTS
CAULIFLOV7ER
CELERY
COLLARDS
CORN (FRESH -SWEET)
CUCl-HBERS
EGG PUNT
ENDIVE (ESCAROLE)
GARLIC
KALE
KOHLRABI
LETTUCE
MUSTARD GREENS I
OKRA
ONIONS
PARSNIPS (V7/OR W/0
TOPS)
PARSNIP TOPS
PEAS
PEPPERS
PUMPKINS
RADISHES
RADISH TOPS
RUTABAGAS
RUTABAGA TOPS
SPINACH
SQUASH
SUMMER SQUASH
SWISS CHARD
TOMATOES
TURNIPS
TURNIP GREENS OR TOPS
TMANiMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
* -^ . T>-.
9*9<*m *.1t««MC« W i*y
PAC.L 1
.
;'/
-------
113
GUIDELINE
/'20.09
ATTACHMENT
FORAGE
ALFALFA
CLOVER
£RA_INS
BARLEY
OATS
CORN FORAGE
GRASS FORAGE
RICE
WHEAT
PEA PORAG2
VETCH
.CU1TKKIA FOR REOVftiEHDINS LEGAL ACTIOM TO DIVISION OK "RECUTATORY
SUNFLOWER SEED
1.2 PPM
AVOCADO
CITRUS FRUIT ,
DATES
FIGS
HOPS
PEANUTS
TRAMSMITTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
PACC 2
-------
114
Guirn.iiir
ATTAC:
C:RIT::;U.A roa IURKCY KEFEPJ-'.KCK SEizim?. TO C"KERAI.
FRUITS
APPLES
VEGETABLES
BROCCOLI
JJUUSSKLS SPROUTS
CHERRIES
CABBAGE
CAULIFLOWER
KOIILKAQI .
FEARS'
LETTUCE
SPIIL'.CU
TRAMSMITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
f.: 8
-------
115
CUIDH IUC
y.'.?o.ov
AT T AO ;.«...:. ;T
. (40 CFK ISO.137)
-CRITERIA. .70S !)T !IECC -REFERENCE SF.I7.H!'.!? TO GEK"KA1. COU!lS!-:i.-CTTATIOtl
; 7.7 rra. ''-.; ...'_..' .-.. . '
:'. - FRUITS. ' "'"'-;: .' .....-:-. . -,-'.... :-.. ..-;
AITI.KS
A1MUCMTS
BLUKSKHRJES
VECETAHLES-
BEA5JS
CUCUMIJKRS
CCCI'UNT
I'EPPKRS
3.9 I'FM
«* * * w < ^
f I\UX * **
BLACK55ERRIES
BOY SKN BERRIES'
CllcRillES
CRAPES
MELONS
NliCTAKINES
PUMPKINS .
RUTABAGAS TOPS
SQUASH
PEACHES"
1'EARS
QUINCES
SU>5HER SQUASH-
TOMATOES
TURNIP GREENS 0" TOPS
DEVJ3ERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
PLUMS (FRESH PRUNES)
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES
CORlli FRESH SWEET (KERNELS PLUS COB Wltll HUSKS REMOVED)
l.l PrM
' BROCCOLI
BRUSSELS SPROUTS
CABBAGE
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
KOHLRABI
LETTUCE
PEAS
RUTABAGAS (ROOTS)
SPIKACH j
TURN IPS (ROOTS) .'
-CRITERIA eOR RECO^IENOIMC. LEGAL ACTION TO DIVISION OF RF.nUTATORY CTTTPANCE
3.9
CITRUS FRUIT
y-'s'MAY-1274 £
««t i *~
. -< .r^i'tPiTiri r'."'
TRANSMITTAU MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
'/V<^':"*^~L"''" ^^ :J(-M~-W
X. !'. »..-.. ..,.i*.V/' PAGE
-------
(/O UK li'.(rVl38).
FOR DIRECT P.EF.F.RKNCESEIZURE TO CE?;i:RAi._c;mi;;;:^i>ciTATioN
FRUITS : .
APPLES
APRICOTS
B1ACKBEKRIES
BOYSI-:::BI;RRIES
CKAtlBKRRIES
vi-:nKTAT'.i.r:iv
BKANS
IJI'.OCCOI.I ,
BKIISSF.-L SPUOUTS
GARBACK
CARROTS
CAULIFLOWER
CELF.KY
COLLARDS
COUN (FRESH SWEET)
'6 J'PH
GRAINS
BARLEY
COTTONSEED
KILO (SORGHUMS) "
3.5 PPM
BANANAS
DEWBERRIES
LOGANBERRIES
KEGTATvINES.
PEAG1ES
CUCUMBKKS
EGGPLAIiT
KALE
KOHLRA'BI-
LETTUCE .
OKRA
ONIONS
OATS
RICE
RYE
PINEAPPLES
QUT.KCES
I
-------
117
i.KnAT. ACTIO:: ;io
or m- t ;n Afiv
CITRUS FRUIT
5.0 HPM
FISH (FAW KDiBLE- PORTION
2.5 PPM ,
SOYBEANS.
1.0 PPM
CHERRIES
CURRANTS
VECETAflTJS
ARTICHOrOvS
ASPAPu\GUS
BEETS
MUS'IAIU) GRTENS
FIGS
GRAPES
POTATOES
PUMPKINS
SQUASH
SU>£-IER SQUASH
MELONS
-POTATOES
TURNIPS .:
TURNIP GREEN'S OR TOPS
WINTER SQUASH .
TRAMSMI.TTAU NO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
118
GUIDELINE
7-'»2G.fK'.
PESTICIDE - '
Hcptachlor
'*'.*' * *
IJcptachlor EpoxLdc
ACTION ir.vn,
0.03 p;c>
0.03 ppia
These actianllovcis npply to objective samples. Tl)is docs not: limit or'
prohibit rccotnniondirifj legal nction on lower residue levels il there is
evidence of misuse of pesticides or'some other factor appears to warrniii
action. ..-. /'.-.-. ... ,. . . . .: . ; - -\
Samples showing significant residues of pesticides Other than those above
should be discussed with the Division of Compliance, Bureau of Veterinary
Medicine (VM-220) . .
» . **
\'
t
M
u
v ,.»T.,,.,';
*-.;.'!: -
TRAHSMITTAL MO. 73-1 (1/1/73)
-------
119
-ijr
1
ilr
FOOD Af.'D DHUG ADAMNISTR A ilON
ADMIMISTRATIVi: GUinfiLlN'tiS .MANUAL
. CUIDE.LISIL
742G.CU
a 1*1 *'""***< ^ / *'**T*«*T i**1x*
!iii'i-:.i\ ..(. - i.M.-.u. r.-.!.;>;>
Cwsr.o.llty Code: 33
1'KODKCT; . Procc. ',.«.; ed An
i;'
Actionable where both the original and check analysts show pesticide residue.
at or above the action level specified unless such residues are within
tolerances established on the source raw agricultural cormodity from which.
the food was derived. Sono examples of such tolerances are for DDT - 1.5
ppm on soybeans and 7 ppta on various fruits and vegetables; for TDM - 1 pp*.
on various fruits and vegetables; for Kelthnne . 10 ppm on citrus fruit and
5 ppm on various vegetables; for Toxaphene - 7 pprn on various fruit and
vegetables and 5 ppm on various grains; for; R11C - 5 ppr?. on various fruits
and vegetables; and for Lindane - 10 ppn on various fruits and vegetables.
Both original and check analysis nust be confirmed by an appropriate
identification method such as thin layer chronatography.
PrSTTCIDE
DDT, DDK arid TDK (individual or in
combination.).. (However, in adding
amounts of DDT, DDE, & THE do not
count any of the three found below
0»2 ppm.)
Kclthanc
1 Toxa. phone .
BHC
Lindane
ACTION I;I:V:-:L
0.5 ppn
Dicldrin )
Aldrin )
.Endrin "
Except that the action level on
sue3*" beet pulp is; 0.1 ppra and this
must be tr.kc'n into account en nr.y ft-ed
derived in whole or in part fron sui;ar
beet pulp.
0.5 ppn
0.1 ppm
0.1 pprn
0.03
0.03 ]
0.03 ppm
TRAN'WITTAL NO. 73-1 (1/1/73) -
Dlvir.ioa of Compliance, r.urcaii-of Veterinary KVdieinc (VM-?00)
-------
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
1. Report No.
EPA-440/9-76-012
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Criteria Document for Endrin
5. RepoR Date
June 1. 1976
6.
7. Authors)
Anonvmous
8. Performing Organization Rept.
No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
U., jS^Bnvironinental Protection Agency
Office of Water Planning and Standards
401 M Street, S.W.
Washinoton* D.C
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
11. Contract/Grant No.
12. Sponsoring Organization.Name and Address
Office of Water Planning and Standards
U. S. JEnyironmental Protection Agency
"WITH Street, S.W.
Washington^ D. C^ 2Q460
13. Type of Report & Period
CoTered
Interim
14.
IS. Supplementary Ncces
16. Abstracts
This document summarizes the.physical/chemical properties, toxicological
information and environmental fate and effects of Endrin, with emphasis
on aquatic behavior. From these data a criterion for the protection of
aquatic life and human health is developed.
17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors
Criteria
ToxLdty
Aquatic animals
Aquatic biology
Human ecology
Safety factor
17b. .Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
I7c. COSATI Field/Group
!. Availability Statement
Wk. Ava
Release Unlimited
19.. Security Class (This
Report)
UWTASSIFIF
A.SSIFTEP
:iass (This
20. Security.Class (This
Page
_ _ UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
22. Price
6.00- S:
FORM NTis-38 (RBv; io-73) ENDORSED BY ANSI AND UNESO3.
THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED
USCOMM.OC 8288-P74
-------
UCTIONS FOR COMPLETING FORM HTIS-35 (Bibliographic Data Sheet based on COSATI
[felines to Format Standards for Scientific and Technical Reports Prepared by or for the Federal Government,
180 600).
(XI. Report Number. Each individually bound report shall carry a unique alphanumeric designation selected by the performing
organization or provided by the sponsoring organization. Use uppercase letters and Arabic numerals only. Examples
FASEB-NS-73-87 and FAA-RD-73-09.
Leave blank.
Recipient's Accession Number.. Reserved for use by each report recipient.
Title and Subtitle. Title should indicate clearly and briefly the subject coverage of the report, subordinate subtitle to the
main title. When a report is prepared.in more than one volume, repeat the primary title, add volume.number and include
subtitle for the specific volume, . ..-.''' . .
Report Dote. Each report shall carry a date indicating at least month and year. Indicate the basis on which-it was selected
(e.g., date of issue, date of approval, date of preparation, date published). ...
Performing.Organization Code. Leave blank.
' ' '''".
Authors). Give name(s) in conventional order, (e.g., John R. Doe, or J.Robert Doe).' List author's affiliation if it differs
from the performing organization.
Performing Organization Report Number. Insert if performing organization wishes to assign this number.
Performing Organization Name and Mailing Address. Give name, street, city, state, and zip .code. List no mote than two
levels of an organizational hierarchy. Display the name of the organization exactly as it should appear in Government in-
dexes such as Government Reports.Index (GRI).
Project/Task/Work Unit Number. Use the project, task and work unit numbers under which the report was prepared.
Cantroct/Gront Number. Insert contract or grant number under which report was prepared.
Sponsoring Agency Nome and Mailing Address. Include zip code. Cite main sponsors.
Type of Report and Period Covered. State.interim, final, etc., and, if applicable, inclusive dates.
Sponsoring Agency. Code. Leave blank. - . . .. . , . , .
£tt. Supplementary Notes. Enter information not included elsewhere but useful, such as: Prepared in cooperation with . . .
Translation of ... Presented at conference of . . . To be published in ... Supersedes .- . . Supplements ...
Cite availability of related parts, volumes, phases, etc. with report number.
Abstract. Include a brief (200 words or less) factual summary of the most significant information contained in the report.
If the report contains a significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.
'. Key Words and Document Analysis, (a). Descriptors. Select from the Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms the
proper authorized terms that identify the major concept of the research and are sufficiently specific and precise to be used
as index entries for cataloging.
(b). Identifiers and Open-Ended Terms. Use identifiers for project names, code names, equipment designators, etc. Use
open-ended terms written in descriptor form for those subjects for which no descriptor exists.
(e). COSATI Field/Group. Field and Group assignments are to be taken from the 1964 COSATI Subject Category List.
Since the majority of documents are multidisciplinary in nature, the primary Field/Group assignments) will be the specific
discipline, area of human endeavor, or type of physical object. The applications) will be cross-referenced with secondary
Field/Group assignments that will follow the primary posting(s).
Distribution Statement. Denote public releasability, for example "Release unlimited", or limitation for reasons other
than security. Cite any availability to the public, other than NTIS, with address, order number and price, if known.
t Security Classification. Do not submit classified reports to the National Technical.Information Service.
*9 *.^
1. Number of Pages. Insert the total number^f paj0s, including introductory pages, but excluding distribution list,.if any.
£"~NTIS P'lee. Leave blank.
FORM NTIS-3S (RHV. 1O-73) . . USCOMM-OC 8268>P74. .
------- |