United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/2-79-005a
OAQPSNo. 1.2-125R
October 1979
Air
svEPA
Public Notification
Guideline
Guideline
Series
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EPA-450/2-79-005a
OAQPS No. 1.2-125R
Public Notification Guideline
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy
Office of Public Awareness
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
October 1979
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OAQPS GUIDELINE SERIES
The guideline series of reports is being issued by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to
provide information to state and local air pollution control agencies; for example, to provide guidance on the
acquisition and processing of air quality data and on the planning and analysis requisite for the maintenance of air
quality. Reports published in this series will be available - as supplies permit - from the Library Services Office
(MD35), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a nominal
fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This guideline was prepared under the general direction of a
workgroup composed of the following people:
Joseph Sableski, Chairperson, Control Programs Development Division;
Jane Armstrong, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control;
Inez Artico, Office of Public Awareness;
Bruce Carhart, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control;
Marvin Fast, Office of Regional and Intergovernmental Operations;
William Garetz, Office of Planning and Management;
Greg Glahn, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards;
Bruce Hogarth, Control Programs Development Division;
William Houck, Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy;
William Hunt, Monitoring and Data Analysis Division;
Mary Lewis, EPA Region III, Office of Public Awareness;
David McKee, Office of Research and Development;
Wayne Ott, Office of Research and Development;
Gail Peterson, EPA Region I, Office of Public Awareness;
Caroline Pratt, EPA Region III, Office of Public Awareness;
Raymond Smith, Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation.
Comments from the Executive Committees of the State and Territorial
Air Pollution Program Administrators and the Association of Local Air
Pollution Control Officials were sought and incorporated.
In Addition, comments by EPA headquarters personnel and EPA Regional
Office personnel concerned with air monitoring, State implementation
plan development, and public awareness were also considered.
The authors, Joseph Sableski, William Houck, and Inez Artico,
gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all those who participated
in the workgroup and who commented on drafts of this guideline.
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PUBLIC NOTIFICATION GUIDELINE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. REPORTING EXCEEDANCES 4
A. Reporting Exceedances in Urbanized Areas with
a Population over 500,000 5
B. Reporting Exceedances in Urbanized Areas with
Populations Between 200,000 and 500,000 9
C. Reporting Exceedances in Other Areas with State
and Local Air Monitoring Stations 10
D. Chronological Summary of Requirements 12
III. PROMINENT PUBLIC NOTICE 14
IV. MONITORING DATA USAGE 15
V. REPORTING AREAS OF EXCEEDANCE 16
VI. ADVISING THE PUBLIC OF HEALTH HAZARDS 17
VII. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT 19
VIII. SIP PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS 21
APPENDIX I - Urbanized Areas Greater than 500,000 Population 22
APPENDIX II - Urbanized Areas Between 200,000 and 500,000
Population 23
APPENDIX III - Health Effects Associated with Elevated Ozone
Exposures 24
APPENDIX IV - Health Effects Associated with Elevated Lead
Exposures 25
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PUBLIC NOTIFICATION GUIDELINE
I. INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (CAA) established a new section,
5127, on Public Notification. This section requires each State to
incorporate in its State Implementation Plan (SIP) provisions for notifying
the public during any calendar year of instances or areas in which any
national primary ambient air quality standard is exceeded or was exceeded
during any portion of the preceding calendar year. Notification is to
also advise the public of the health hazards associated with such pollution;
enhance public awareness of measures which can be taken to prevent such
standards from being exceeded; and to advise the public of ways in which
they can participate in regulatory and other efforts to improve air
quality.
Pursuant to the Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
amended Part 51 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, to include
Subpart 0 which reads as follows:
Subpart 0--Miscellaneous Plan Content Requirements
551.285 Public notification.
By March 1, 1980, the State shall submit a plan revision that
contains provisions for:
(a) Notifying the public on a regular basis of instances or
areas in which any primary standard was exceeded during any portion
of the preceding calendar year,
(b) Advising the public of the health hazards associated with
such an exceedance of a primary standard, and
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(c) Increasing public awareness of:
(1) measures which can be taken to prevent a primary standard
from being exceeded, and
(2) ways in which the public can participate in regulatory
and other efforts to improve air quality.
This guideline explains the manner in which States and local agencies
may meet the requirements of the CAA and the regulation. Other approaches
than the one described herein may be acceptable. In developing this
guideline, however, EPA has endeavored to set forth the minimum necessary
to meet the requirements of the Act. Other approaches should at least
be of equivalent effectiveness in order to result in an approvable SIP
revision.
Public notification of exceedances of the primary National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), both annual and short term, for various
pollutants is to be carried out in a manner consistent with the requirements,
timetables, and reporting schedules of related regulations.
Under the monitoring regulations promulgated pursuant to §319 of
the CAA (see 40 CFR 58.40), EPA is requiring the use of a uniform air
quality index in urbanized areas of various sizes to report air quality
daily. This guideline allows the use of that index to partly satisfy
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the requirements of §127. Where States or local agencies are now operating
a public notification program using the uniform air quality index in
this guideline, they are encouraged to continue its operation and to use
it in meeting the applicable requirements herein.
This guideline gives EPA's recommendations on how each State may
meet the requirements of §127 to report periodically to the public the
instances and areas in which the primary NAAQS are exceeded. These
recommendations include reporting daily exceedances through a uniform
air quality index, and annually providing prominent nocice to the public
as to when and where primary NAAQSs not covered by the daily index have
been exceeded.
The guideline also describes what constitutes prominent public
notice; the use of air quality data; how areas of exceedance may be
delineated; and how the public may be advised of health hazards associated
with such exceedances. Also provided in other sections of the guideline
are ways of enhancing public awareness of air quality and public health
problems, and ways each State may encourage public participation in
regulatory and other efforts to improve air quality. A final section of
the guideline suggests a format by which these requirements may be
incorporated in State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
As stated in 40 CFR 51.285, each State is to submit to EPA a revision
of their SIPs incorporating the requirements therein by March 1, 1980.
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II. REPORTING EXCEEDANCES
In developing the requirements under 40 CFR 51.285(a), EPA considered
that States must, under 40 CFR 58.40, in urban areas of certain sizes,
use a uniform air quality index to report concentrations of criteria
pollutants to the public on a daily basis. Consequently, this guideline
allows the States to satisfy, in part, the requirements of SI27 of the
CAA by using the modified form of the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI)
specified in Appendix G to 40 CFR 58.40 to report violations of the
appropriate prii.iary standards to which the PSI relates. These standards
are the 8-hour standard for carbon monoxide (CO); the 24-hour standard
for suspended particulate matter (TSP); the 24-hour standard for sulfur
oxides (sulfur dioxide) (SO,,); and the 1-hour daily maximum standard for
ozone (03).
However, since 5127 requires each State to report on all exceedances
of the primary standards, EPA recommends that each State report exceedances
of standards not covered by the PSI in a report issued at least annually.
These standards (primary standards only) are the annual standard for
TSP, the annual standard for SO , the 1-hour standard for CO, the annual
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standard for nitrogen dioxide (N02), and the quarterly standard for lead
(Pb). No report need be made of hydrocarbon concentrations; reporting
of PSI values for 0- as explained in Sections A, B, and C of this chapter
will suffice.
The exceedances reported by each State to EPA in the Annual SLAMS
Air Quality Information report, as required by Appendix F of 40 CFR 58,
have been certified by the senior air pollution control officer in the
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State to be accurate to the best of his or her knowledge. These data,
which have also been certified to be collected in accordance with EPA
approved techniques, would be suitable for use in reporting exceedances
to the public as described in Sections A, B, and C of this chapter. The
States are encouraged to use these data in reporting exceedances to the
public.
The provisions of this guideline relating to the reporting of
exceedances of the primary NAAQS apply only to the extent that ambient
air quality monitors are installed and operated as required by the
provisions of 40 CFR 58, Ambient Air Quality Surveillance, and 40 CFR
51, Requirements for the Preparation, Adoption, and Submittal of Imple-
mentation Plans.
A. REPORTING EXCEEDANCES IN URBAN AREAS WITH A POPULATION OVER 500,000.*
In urban areas with a population over 500,000, EPA recommends each
State report exceedances both daily and annually if required by exceedances
of applicable primary NAAQS. For the purposes of 5127 of the Act,
reports need not be made if no exceedances occur.
1. Daily reporting - EPA recommends that each State report to the
general public on a daily basis through prominent public notice any
exceedance of the following primary NAAQS for:
a. Sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide) as stated in 40 CFR 50.4(b).
This is the 24-hour standard of 365 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m )
not to be exceeded more than once per year.
*See Appendix I.
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b. Particulate matter as stated in 40 CFR 50.6(b). This is the
3
24-hour standard of 260 ug/m not to be exceeded more than once per
year.**
c. Carbon monoxide as stated in 40 CFR 50.8(a). This is the 8-
hour standard of 10 milligrams per cubic meter not to be exceeded more
than once per year, and
d. Ozone as stated in 40 CFR 50.9. This is the 1-hour daily
maximum standard of 0.12 ppm.
In making the above daily reports, EPA recommends that each State
use the PSI and follow the requirements specified in Appendix G to 40
CFR 58.40. For the purposes of S127 of the CAA; however, the State need
only report daily PSI values of the critical pollutant (the pollutant
exceeding the NAAQS by the greatest amount) for those days the PSI
exceeds 100 or is forecast to exceed 100. Other exceedances for those
days may be covered in the annual report. EPA recommends that each
State begin reporting to the public daily exceedances through the use of
the PSI on a schedule compatible with that established by S58.40. That
schedule calls for daily reporting to begin in urban areas over 500,000
on January 1, 1981.
2. Annual reporting - EPA recommends that each State report to the
general public on an annual basis through prominent public notice any
exceedance during the past calendar year of the following primary NAAQS
for:
** See Section IV-A, Monitoring Data Usage.
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a. Sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide) as stated in 40 CFR 50.4(a).
o
This is the annual standard of 80 ug/m - annual arithmetic mean.
b. Particulate matter as stated in 40 CFR 50.6(a). This is the
annual standard of 75 ug/m - annual geometric mean.
c. Carbon monoxide as stated in 40 CFR 50.8(b). This is the 1-
hour standard of 40 milligrams per cubic meter not to be exceeded more
than once per year.
d. Nitrogen dioxide as stated in 40 CFR 50.11. This is the annual
3
standard of 100 ug/m - annual arithmetic mean.
e. Lead as stated in 40 CFR 50.12. This is the quarterly standard
3
for lead of 1.5 ug/m .
EPA also recommends that, for completeness, the annual report
contain a summary of the daily exceedances that have occurred over the
past year of those NAAQS reported by means of the PSI. In compiling the
summary, the State may employ the computer programs and other techniques
referenced in Appendix 6 to 40 CFR 58.40.
In reporting exceedances of primary NAAQS in the annual report to
the public, EPA recommends that each State, except where equivalent
information is presented through the use of summary PSI statistics:
0 Provide, for each exceedance, for each pollutant, the following
information:
0 city name or other area designation as appropriate,
0 site location,
0 date of exceedance, and
0 measured concentrations of the pollutant greater than the
standard.
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0 Use the same measured concentrations for exceedances as are
reported to EPA in the Annual SLAMS Air Quality Information
report required by Appendix F of 40 CFR 58, and
0 Supplement the foregoing information, including that derived
from PSI values, as required by Chapter V, Reporting Areas of
Exceedance.
By July 1, 1982, and at yearly intervals thereafter, EPA recommends
the State make available to the public through prominent public notice
the annual report called for in this section. This date reflects (1)
the fact that the National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) called for by
S58.30, NAMS network establishment, will be in operation no later than
January 1, 1981; and (2) reports of air quality data for each calendar
year are due to EPA on July 1 of the succeeding year. Accordingly,
July 1, 1982, would be the first convenient date by which the States
could be expected to have all the data in hand to prepare a report to
the public of exceedances that occurred during the past calendar year.
Since States are not required by S51.17b to have lead monitors
operating until approximately January 1982, the earliest they would have
a full year of lead data available would be at the end of that year.
Accordingly, EPA recommends that the annual report of July 1, 1983, be
the first to contain information on lead exceedances.
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B. REPORTING EXCEEDANCES IN URBAN AREAS WITH POPULATIONS BETWEEN
200,000 AND 500,000. *
In urban areas with a population between 200,000 and 500,000, EPA
recommends reports of exceedances be made on a daily basis and on an
annual basis if required by an exceedance of an applicable primary
NAAQS.
1. Daily reporting - EPA recommends that, except for timing, daily
reporting be carried out by means of the PSI as described in Section
A.I for urban areas over 500,000 population. Again, EFA recommends
that each State begin reporting to the public daily exceedances through
the use of the PSI on a schedule compatible with that established by
S58.40. That schedule calls for daily reporting to begin in urban areas
between 200,000 and 500,000 by January 1, 1983.
2. Annual reporting - Except for timing, these reporting recommenda-
tions are identical to those given in II.A.2 for urban areas over 500,000
population. Lead monitors are required in urban areas over 500,000, and
in any other urban area reporting an exceedance of the lead NAAQS since
January 1, 1974. EPA recommends any urban area between 200,000 and
500,000 population having a lead monitor indicating any exceedance of
the Pb NAAQS since January 1, 1974, include such exceedances in its
annual report.
*See Appendix II.
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EPA recommends that by July 1, 1982, and at yearly intervals thereafter,
each State make available to the public through prominent public notice
the annual report described herein. Not until July 1, 1983, need the
annual report contain information on lead exceedances; and not until
July 1, 1984, need the annual report contain a summary of daily exceedances
that have occurred over the past year of those NAAQS reported by means
of the PSI.
C. REPORTING EXCEEDANCES IN OTHER AREAS WITH STATE AND LOCAL AIR
MONITORING STATIONS.
In addition to reporting of exceedances in urban areas over 200,000,
EPA recommends the State also report on exceedances of any primary NAAQS
recorded at a State and Local Air Monitoring Station (SLAMS) located in
any other area.
1. Daily reporting - A State may have ongoing programs in these
areas utilizing the PSI. If so, continued reporting of the PSI for the
primary NAAQS listed in Section II.A.I will satisfy the requirements of
SI27 with regard to those pollutants, provided related recommendations
of this guideline or their equivalent in terms of providing prominent
public notice, using monitoring data, reporting area of exceedance,
etc., are also met.
2. Annual reporting - Except as the PSI is used to report exceedances,
EPA recommends the State report to the general public once a year through
prominent public notice any exceedance recorded at a SLAMS of the following
primary NAAQS for:
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a. Sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide) as stated in 40 CFR 50.4(a) and
O
(b). These are the annual arithmetic mean standards of 80 ug/m , and
o
the 24-hour standard of 365 ug/m not to be exceeded more than once per
year, respectively.
b. Particulate matter as stated in 40 CFR 50.6(a) and (b). These
are the annual standards of 75 ug/m and the 24-hour standard of 260
3
ug/m not to be exceeded more than once a year, respectively.
c. Carbon monoxide as stated in 40 CFR 50.8(a) and (b). These are
the 8-hour and 1-hour standards of 10 milligrams per cubic meter and 40
milligrams per cubic meter, respectively. Each standard not to be
exceeded more than once per year.
d. Ozone as stated in 40 CFR 50.9. This is the 1-hour daily
maximum value of 0.12 ppm.
e. Nitrogen dioxide as stated in 50.11. This is the annual standard
of 100 ug/m - annual arithmetic mean.
f. Lead as stated in 40 CFR 50.12. This is the quarterly standard
of 1.5 ug/m3.*
EPA recommends: (1) such reporting begin for any exceedance of a
NAAQS, except the NAAQS for lead, by July 1, 1982, and continue thereafter
at least annually; (2) exceedances of the lead NAAQS be included in the
July 1, 1983, and in all reports thereafter; and (3) the report of each
State contain the information described in Subsection A.2 of this chapter.
*Lead monitors may be installed in these areas pursuant to a finding by
an EPA Regional Administrator that they are needed to adequately determine
if the lead NAAQS is being attained and maintained.
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D. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
For convenience, the following chronological summary of the reporting
recommendations in this chapter is presented. The applicable sections
of the chapter appear in parenthesis.
Date
January 1, 1981
July 1, 1982
January 1, 1983
July 1, 1983
Action
In urban areas over 500,000, States begin reporting
exceedances daily through the use of the PSI
(A.I).
States begin issuing annual reports to the public
of exceedances for all pollutants except lead in
all areas as follows:
a. In urban areas over 500,000 (A.2);
b. In urban areas between 200,000 and 500,000
(B.2);
c. For monitors in any area less than 200,000
(C.2).
Summary PSI data on exceedances should be included
for those areas over 500,000, and for any other
existing PSI monitor regardless of location.
In urban areas between 200,000 and 500,000,
States begin reporting daily exceedances
through PSI (B.I).
States include exceedances of the lead standards
in all annual reports (A.2; B.2; C.2).
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July 1, 1984 In urban areas between 200,000 and 500,000,
where they have not already done so,
States Include summary data on PSI exceedances
in their annual reports (B.2) and continue all
prior reporting.
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III. PROMINENT PUBLIC NOTICE
For the purposes of §127 of the CAA, prominent public notice is
defined with regard to both daily and annual reporting.
A. DAILY REPORTS
For daily reporting, EPA recommends the Reporting agency make
prominent public notice of the daily index report, as defined in Section
5 of Appendix G to 40 CFR 58.40, on those days the PSI exceeds 100 or is
forecast to exceed 100. Prominent public notice consists of at a
minimum: (1) furnishing the daily report to one or more of the appropriate
news media (radio, television, newspapers); and (2) making the daily
index report publicly available at one or more places of public access.
Index reports also may be disseminated by means of recorded messages.
B. ANNUAL REPORTS
For annual reports, EPA recommends prominent public notice consisting
of: (1) furnishing an analysis of the annual report in the form of a
press release to appropriate news media (radio, television, newspapers),
in which highlights of the report are discussed and evaluated; (2)
announcing in the press release that the report is available to the
public; (3) making the annual report publicly available at one or more
places of public access such as the agency offices and public libraries;
(4) mailing copies of the report to environmental, civic, and other
groups; and (5) furnishing a copy of the press release and report to the
appropriate EPA Regional Administrator.
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IV. MONITORING DATA USAGE
A. MONITORING DATA FOR POLLUTANTS OTHER THAN LEAD.
Monitoring data used to prepare reports for the purposes of SI27
of the CAA should be the same as that required by 40 CFR 58 - Ambient
Air Quality Surveillance. In particular, the provisions of Section 3 of
Appendix G to 40 CFR 58.40 in preparing the PSI for the purposes of
S127 of the CAA should be noted. (These provisions allow the use of
monitors other than the high volume sampler for making TSP measurements
under certain conditions.)
B. MONITORING DATA FOR LEAD.
Air monitoring stations for lead will eventually be in the SLAMS
network and will follow the reporting requirements for such stations.
Data from them may then be used in satisfying SI27 requirements. Until
such time as the lead monitoring stations are incorporated in the SLAMS
networks, monitoring data obtained from stations established under 40
CFR 51.17b may be used.
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V. REPORTING AREAS OF EXCEEDANCE
To satisfy requirements of §127 of the Act and 40 CFR 51.285, the
States must describe in their reports to the public the area of exceedance
of an ambient air quality standard.
A. DAILY REPORTS
One convenient way the State could describe the area of exceedance
in daily PSI reports of exceedances would be to specify the reporting
area as defined in subparagraph 2c of Appendix G of 40 CFR 58 for exceedances
of the critical pollutant. This procedure, or its equivalent, would be
acceptable to EPA.
B. ANNUAL REPORTS
In annual summaries of PSI data, specifying the reporting areas as
defined in subparagraph 2c of Appendix G of 40 CFR 58 corresponding to
all exceedances would also be acceptable to EPA.
Another convenient technique for non-PSI data, acceptable to EPA,
of describing the area of exceedance in an annual report would be to
specify the area of exceedance in terms of the spatial scale of
representativeness assigned to the monitoring stations which recorded
the exceedances. The scales of representativeness to be used in this
context are described in detail in Appendix D - Network Design for State
and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS), and National Air Monitoring
Stations (NAMS) of 40 CFR 58. This recommendation may be met by reporting
the monitoring site address and the range of distances from the site
corresponding to the assigned scale of representativeness.
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VI. ADVISING THE PUBLIC OF HEALTH HAZARDS
The primary source of information on health effects associated with
exceedances of the NAAQS are the Air Quality Criteria Documents. These
documents are developed and made available to the public for each pollutant
for which an air quality standard has been established. Not later than
December 31, 1980, and at no more than five year intervals thereafter,
EPA will make appropriate revisions to the criteria documents beginning
with those documents not revised or first published since the passage of
the 1977 amendments to the CAA.
New or revised criteria documents available as of this writing from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Library Services Branch,
MD-35, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 are:
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone arid Other Photochemical Oxidants,
EPA-600/8-78-004, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development,
Washington, D.C., April 1978.
Air Quality Criteria for Lead, EPA-600/8-77-017, U.S. EPA, Office
of Research and Development, Washington, D.C., December 1977.
Prior to the time the States are to make annual reports of exceedances
available to the public, EPA will have published revised documents for
the other criteria pollutants: particulate matter, sulfur oxides,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. These documents will contain
summary tables of health effects useful to the States in identifying
those effects associated with air quality levels above the NAAQS. These
tables and other data in the revised documents may be used in advising
the public of health hazards associated with elevated levels of air
pollution as required by SI27 of the Act.
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A. DAILY REPORTS
In reporting exceedances to the public through the PSI, the States
are required by Section 5 of Appendix G to 40 CFR 58.40 to use the index
ranges and corresponding descriptor categories given therein.
B. ANNUAL REPORTS
It is recommended that the States use information from new or
revised criteria documents as they become available from EPA in preparing
their annual reports of exceedances.
For the convenience of States, two appendices are included herein
which present summary information concerning health effects associated
with elevated levels of criteria pollutants. Appendix III presents such
information extracted from the criteria document for ozone, and Appendix IV
presents a summary statement of the effects of elevated air lead levels
based on information in the lead criteria document. This has been done
in order to provide similar information in summary form for these two
recently issued criteria documents as will appear in all future documents.
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VII. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT
Requirements for the reporting of exceedances of national primary
ambient air quality standards and associated health hazards have been
outlined in 40 CFR 51.285(a) and (b) and discussed in more detail in
Sections II-VI of these guidelines. Section 40 CFR 51.285(c) requires
that State and local governments must have provisions in their State
implementation plans (SIPs) to enhance the public's awareness of air
quality and public health relationships, air pollution control techniques,
and ways in which the public can participate in regulatory and other
efforts to improve air quality. In order to best accomplish this, an
area's public participation program should inform and involve the public
throughout the development of the SIP from the initial stages of problem
identification to the implementation of control measures.
The requirements of 40 CFR 51.285(c) and S127 of the CAA can best
be met by application of the requirements outlined in (a) EPA guidance
developed to cover CAA requirements in S108(e)(4) (air quality-
transportation planning process), §121 (intergovernmental consultation)
and SI74 (planning procedures for CO and 0~ nonattainment areas); and
(b) appropriate EPA national and regional guidance provided regarding
the use of grants to State and local air pollution control agencies
(under §105 of the CAA) and the use of urban air quality planning grants
to designated lead planning agencies (under §175 of the CAA). Specific
details on implementation of the public information and involvement
activities required for receipt and use of these funds should be spelled
out in their required work plans, where applicable.
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A general summary of the public information and involvement program
efforts conducted under each of the above sections and other sections of
the Act requiring public review and comment must be included in each
State Implementation Plan's response to S127. A discussion of how each
section's activities are interrelated and coordinated (e.g., coordinated
use of §105 and 175 funds, interface between citizens and decision-
makers, etc.) should be provided. Additionally, each SIP must include
provisions to assure that State and local governments increase coordination
of their respective public information and involvement efforts, where
appropriate.
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VIII. SIP PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS
Since Public Notification has not been previously required in the
existing SIPs, it is appropriate for the revision prepared in response
to the requirements given herein to simply add them to the existing SIP
as new chapters. Since the material required by Section VII on Public
Awareness and Participation is quite different from that required by the
other sections of the guideline, it would seem appropriate to add that
material in a chapter separate from the one dealing with other aspects
of the guideline. For example, hypothetically assuming a State's current
SIP contains Chapters 1 through 14, that portion of the revision which
addresses the requirements for Public Awareness and Participation could
be submitted as Chapter 15, and the material called for by the rest of
the Guideline as Chapter 16.
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APPENDIX I
URBANIZED AREAS* GREATER THAN 500,000 POPULATION
(1970 Census**)
Area
Area
0 New York, N.Y.-Northeastern New Jersey
0 Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif.
0 Chicago, I11.-Northwestern Indiana
0 Philadelphia, PA.-N.J.
0 Detroit, Mich.
0 San Francisco-Oakland, Calif.
0 Boston, Mass.
0 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.
0 Cleveland, Ohio
0 St. Louis, Mo.-111.
0 Pittsburgh, Pa.
0 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.
0 Houston, Texas
0 Baltimore, Md.
0 Dallas, Texas
0 Milwaukee, Wise.
0 Seattle-Everett, Wash.
0 Miami, Fla.
0 San Diego, Calif.
0 Atlanta, Ga.
0 Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.
0 Kansas City, Mo.
0 Buffalo, N.Y.
0 Denver, Colo.
0 San Jose, Calif.
0 New Orleans, La.
0 Phoenix, Ariz.
0 Portland, Ore.-Wash.
0 San Juan, P.R.
0 Indianapolis, Ind.
0 Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick,
R.I.-Mass.
0 Columbus, Ohio
0 San Antonio, Texas
0 Louisville, Ky.-Ind.
0 Dayton, Ohio
0 Fort Worth, Texas
0 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va.
0 Memphis, Tenn.-Miss.
0 Sacramento, Calif.
0 Ft. Lauderdale-Hollywood, Fla.
0 Rochester, N.Y.
0 San Bernardino-Riverside, Calif.
0 Oklahoma City, Okla.
0 Birmingham, Ala.
0 Akron, Ohio
0 Jacksonville, Fla.
0 Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke,
Mass.-Conn.
* As defined in U.S. Bureau of the Census, "1970 Census Users' Guide;"
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1970 (p. 82).
**U.S. Bureau of Census, "U.S. Census of Population: 1970; Number of
Inhabitants; Final Report PC (1)-A1; United States Summary." U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1971.
22
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APPENDIX II
URBANIZED AREAS* BETWEEN 200,000 AND 500,000 POPULATION
(1970 Census*)
Area
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y.
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J.
Austin, Tex.
Bridgeport, Conn.
Charleston, S.C.
Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga.
Columbia, S.C.
Corpus Christi, Tex.
Des Moines, Iowa
El Paso, Tex.
Fort Wayne, Ind.
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Hartford, Conn.
Lansing, Mich.
Lawrence-Haverhi11, Mass.-N.H.
Madison, Wis.
Nashville-Davidson, Tenn.
Newport News-Hampton, Va.
Omaha, Nebr.-Iowa
Orlando, Fla.
Peoria, 111.
Rockford, 111.
Salt Lake City, Utah
Shreveport, La.
Spokane, Wash.
Tacoma, Wash.
Toledo, Ohio-Mich.
Tucson, Ariz.
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Worcester, Mass.
Area
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Auroga-Elgin, 111.
Baton Rouge, La.
Canton, Ohio
Charlotte, N.C.
Colorado Springs, Colo.
Columbus, Ga.-Ala.
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline,
Iowa, 111.
Flint, Mich.
Fresno, Calif.
Harrisburg, Pa.
Honolulu, Hawaii
Las Vegas, Nev.
Little Rock-North Little
Rock, Ark.
Mobile, Ala.
New Haven, Conn.
Oxnard-Ventura-Thousand
Oaks, Calif.
Richmond, Va.
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Scranton, Pa.
South Bend, Ind.-Mich.
Syracuse, N.Y.
Tampa, Fla.
Trenton, N.J., Pa.
Tulsa, Okla.
Wichita, Kansas
Wilmington, Del.-N.J.
Youngstown-Warren, Ohio
*Urbanized areas as defined and census data as given in U.S. Bureau of
the Census, Supplementary Report, 1970 Census of Population, Series
PC(S1)-108, "Population and Land Areas of Urbanized Areas, for the United
States: 1970 and 1960." U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1979.
23
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APPENDIX III
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED
OZONE EXPOSURES*
PSI ug/m3 (PPM) HEALTH EFFECTS
000 None reported.
50 120 0.06
100 235 0.12
200 400 0.20
300 800 0.40
400 1000 0.50
Increased rates of respiratory
symptoms and headaches;
reduction in visual acuity
(perception).
Significant increase in
asthma attacks in asthmatics;
sphering (physical alteration)
of red blood cells.
Significantly impaired
pulmonary function in normal
people; nausea, coughing, dry
nose and throat.
Increased mortality in sick
and elderly; significant
pulmonary malfunction in
healthy persons.
*Adapted from Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical
Oxidants, EPA-600/8-78-004, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C., April, 1978.
24
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APPENDIX IV
HEALTH EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED
LEAD EXPOSURES*
At air lead levels above the primary national ambient air quality
standard for lead of 1.5 ug Pb/m-, quarterly average, an increasing
percentage of children will be above what EPA regards as the maximum
safe blood lead level of 30 ug Pb/dl (micrograms of lead per deciliter),
Blood lead levels in children above 30 ug Pb/dl are associated with
elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin anemia (above 40 ug Pb/dl) and
possible neurological impairment (above 50 ug Pb/dl).
*Adapted from Air Quality Criteria for Lead, EPA-600/8-77-017, U.S. EPA,
Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C., December, 1977.
25
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-45Q/2-79-005a
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
October 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Public Notification Guideline
7. AUTHOR(S)
Joseph Sableski, OAQPS; William Houck, OTLUP; and
Inez Artico, OPA
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
OAQPS No. 1.2-125R
9. PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This guideline explains the manner in which State and local agencies may
meet the requirements of S127 of the Clean Air Act and the regulation (40 CFR
51.285) on Public Notification promulgated by EPA on May 10, 1979.
The guideline covers the following topics: the manner, frequency, and
areas in which exceedances of the primary standards should be reported to
the public; use of air monitoring data in determining exceedances; advising
the public of health hazards associated with exceedances; and public awareness
and involvement in regulatory efforts to improve air quality.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Air pollution
State implementation
plans
National ambient air
quality standards
13-B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
29
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
26
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