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<£.
       0
10
100                    1,000

HEAT INPUT,  106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                     Reference  Figure 1-4.

-------
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       l.OOOr-
        .500
     CO

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                                   10
100                    1,000


HEAT INPUT,  106  Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                         Reference Figure  1-5.

-------
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     to

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                                                         100                    1,000


                                                         HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                         Reference Figure 1-6.

-------
to
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                                  10
100                   1,000

HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                       Reference  Figure  1-7.

-------
        .000,
fo
                                                       100                   1,000
                                                       HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
                                                       Reference Figure 1-8.
10,000
50,000

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HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                        Reference  Figure 1-12.
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Reference  Figure 1-13.
10,000
50,000
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HEAT INPUT,  106 Btu/h


Reference  Figure 1-15.
10,000
50,000
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                                   10
                                                    100                    1,000

                                                    HEAT  INPUT,  106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                         Reference Figure  1-16.
-------
       1.000
        ,500 :
    CQ

    
-------
.001
                         10
100                   1,000
HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                              Reference Figure 1-18.
-------
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        .500
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HEAT INPUT,  106  Btu/h

Reference  Figure 1-19.
10,000
50,000
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                                    10
                                                      100                     1,000
                                                      HEAT INPUT, 106  Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                          Reference Figure  1-20.
-------
10
100                   1,000
HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                     Reference Figure 1-21.
-------
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       1.000
        .500
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                                   10
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HEAT INPUT,  106  Btu/h


Reference Figure 1-22.
10,000
50,000
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                                   10
                                                    100                    1,000

                                                    HEAT INPUT,  106  Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                         Reference  Figure 1-24.
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                                                      HEAT  INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                          Reference Figure 1-26.
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HEAT INPUT,  106  Btu/h

Reference  Figure 1-27.
10,000
50,000
-------
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100                    1,000

HEAT INPUT,  10s  Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                    Reference Figure  1-28.
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                                                                                                                            411
                                    10
                                                  100                     1,000

                                                  HEAT  INPUT,  106 Btu/h
                                                          10,000
                                                       50,000
                                                           Reference Figure 1-29.
-------
  l.OOOr-r
    .500
CO
to
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    ,100
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100                   1,000
HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                     Reference Figure 1-31.
-------
       1.000
Ul
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                                                    100                    1,000

                                                    HEAT  INPUT,  106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                         Reference Figure  1-32.
-------
10
100                   1,000
HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
Reference Figure 1-33.
10,000
50,000
-------
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10
100                   1,000

HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                       Reference  Figure  1-37.
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10
100                    1,000

HEAT INPUT,  106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                     Reference  Figure 1-38.
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         .500-44-
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                                                     100                     1,000

                                                     HEAT  INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                          Reference Figure 1-39.
-------
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                                                     100                    1,000


                                                     HEAT INPUT, 106  Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                         Reference Figure 1-40.
-------
10
100                   1,000
HEAT INPUT, 106 Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                     Reference Figure 1-41.
-------
       1.000
01
     +J
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    _Q



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                                                        100                    1,000


                                                        HEAT INPUT,  106  Btu/h
10,000
50,000
                                                        Reference Figure  1-42.
-------
    1.000


    0.500
M-
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in
°>  0.100
 ft


g  0.050
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    0.001
         10'
  10"            105


   FLOW RATE, cfm



Reference Figure 2-1,
106
107
                                           156
-------
 a
 2
 3
 a
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 z
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    1.5
1.0
0.9
0.8

0.7
0.6

0.5

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         1' '|''"I''  '|'"
                           \\\\
    UM GIOUMD UVU DUS1 CO*«CINTI*riOM

    £ 1OO wf —J »OI 3-11 mio
    * ia »•• mi »oi ae •*••« • i *M

    £ IT.* mJ !•* S« hr»
 -  0.3
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    0.1
                                            i i 11	t   i I  I i i i i
                510        50  100       500 1,000    5,000 10,000

        TOTAL EQUIPMENT CAPACITY RATING, TO6 Btu/hr INPUT
                   ASME STANDARD, APS-1
                     Reference  Figure 3-1.
                              157
-------
        5   10        50  100        500 1,000     5,000 10,000
TOTAL EQUIPMENT CAPACITY RATING, TO6 Btu/hr INPUT
           ASME STANDARD, APS-1
            Reference  Figure  3-2.
                    158
-------
       S tOO «•• "^ POt
       « »ft *>«• -O IOI 1C «M I hr
        5   10        50  100       500 1,000     5,000 10,000
TOTAL EQUIPMENT CAPACITY RATING, 106 Btu/hr INPUT
           ASME STANDARD, APS-1
           Reference Figure 3-3.
                    159
-------
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 <  0.2-
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                    IT i«« *i (». 34 >w.
       1           5    10         50  100        500  1,000     5,000 10,000


          TOTAL EQUIPMENT CAPACITY RATING, 106 Btu/hr INPUT

                      ASME STANDARD, APS-1
                        Reference  Figure  3-4.
                                  160
-------
        5   10        SO  100       500 1,000     5,000 10,000
TOTAL EQUIPMENT CAPACITY RATING, 106 Btu/hr INPUT
           ASME STANDARD, APS-1
            Reference Figure 3-5.
                    161
-------
   1.000
g. 0.500
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                        10             100             1000          10,000



                          STEAM CAPACITY RATING, 1000  1 bs of  steam/h




                                     Reference Figure  4-1.
                                                                                  100,000
                                           162
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     0.001
                         10             100            1000          10,000


                           STEAM CAPACITY RATING, 1000 Ibs of steam/h




                                      Reference Figure 4-2.
                                                                              100,000
                                            163
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                         10              100            1000         10,000

                          STEAM  CAPACITY  RATING, 1000 Ibs of steam/h



                                      Reference Figure 4-3.
                                                                                   100,000
                                              164
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        500.0
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                                              10,000
                                                      100,000
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                        STACK EFFLUENT  FLOW  RATE,  acfm.




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106
                                   167
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                                 168
-------
  1000


   500
to
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-------
    APPENDIX B



CONVERSION FACTORS
      170
-------
Multiply
Btu/hr input

send cu ft/sec
stnd cu ft/min
grams/sq m
grams/sq m/day
grains/stnd cu ft
grains/stnd cu ft
grains/stnd cu ft
grains/send cu ft
  (adjusted to 50%
  excess air)
grams/stnd cu m
grams of gas/stnd
  cu m
megawatts of steam*
  generated
  electricity
micrograms of gas/send
  cu m
milligrams of gas/stnd
  cu m
milligrams/send cu m
ppm by vol

ppro by vol

.ppm by vol

ppm by vol
percent by vol
pounds of gas/hr
pounds of gas/hr
pounds/1000 Ib  gas*
    APPENDIX  B
CONVERSION  FACTORS

   JBy
    10"

    mol wt x 9.3
    tool wt x 0.155
    2.85
    86.5
    1.89
    2300
    2.30
    2.20

    0.435
    24.2 x lOVmol wt

    10T

    0.0242/raol  wt

    24.2/mol  wt

    4.35 x 10"4
    mol wt x 41.3 x 10"

    mol wt x 0.0413

    mol wt x 41.3
    104
    6.48/mol wt
    0.108/mol wt
    0.53
 To Get
 Megawatts of steaiz."
  generated elec-
/ teicity (approx.)
 pounds of gas/hr
 pounds of gas/hr
 short tons/sq mi
 short tons/sq mi/mo
 pounds/1000 Ib gas*
 milligrams/stnd  cu m
 grams/stnd cu m
 pounds/10* Btu input

. grains/stnd cu ft
 ppm by vol

 Btu/hr input (appro*.)
 ppm by vol

 ppm by vol

 grains/stnd cu ft
 grams of gas/stnd
  cu m
 milligrams of gas/stnd
  cu m
 micrograms of gas/stnd
  cu m
 percent by vol
 ppm by vol
 stnd cu ft/min
 stnd cu ft/sec
 grains/stnd cu ft
                                171
-------
Multiply

pounds/1000 Ib gas*       1.18
  (adjusted to 50%
  excess mlr)

pounds/10* Bru input      0.45
pounds/10* Btu input      0.85



short tons/sq mi           0.35

short tons/sq mi/mo       0.0116
 To Get

pounds/10* Ecu input
grains/stnd cu ft
  (adjusted to 50%
  excess ait)
pounds/1000 Ib gas*
  (adjusted to 50%
  excess air)

grams/sq m
grams/sq m/day
 • DO! wt «= 29

     • - Bctcr
  •el wt= o>oltcul«r w*ijhl
   •tod* (Undatd it 70 T mnd «tmo»pheiie prcmiur*
                               172
-------
              APPENDIX C

METHOD 5--DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE
   EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
                 173
-------
                              APPENDIX C
             METHOD 5—DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE
               EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.   Principle and Appl icabi 1 ity
   '  1.1  Principle.  Participate matter is withdrawn isokinetically
from the source and collected on a glass fiber filter maintained at
a temperature in the range of 120 +_ 14°C (248 +_25°F) or such other
temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards
or approved by the Administrator, U.  S. Environmental Protection
Agency, for a particular application.  The particulate mass,  which
includes any material that condenses  at or above the filtration
temperature, is determined gravimetrically after removal of uncombined
water.
     1.2  Applicability.  This method is applicable for the determina-
tion of particulate emissions from stationary sources.
2.  Apparatus
     2.1  Sampling Train.  A schematic of the sampling train used in
this method is shown in Figure 5-1.  Complete construction details
are given in APTD-0581  (Citation 2 in Section 7); commercial  models
of this train are also  available.  For changes from APTD-0581 and
for allowable modifications of the-train shown in Figure 5-1, see
the following subsections.
     The operating  and  maintenance procedures for the sampling train
are described in APTD-0576 (Citation 3 in Section 7).  Since correct
usage  is important  in  obtaining valid results, all users should read
APTD-0576 and adopt  the operating and maintenance procedures 'outlined
in it,  unless otherwise specified herein.  The sampling train consists
of the  following components:
                                   174
-------
     2.1.1  Probe Nozzle.  Stainless steel (316) or glass with sharp,
tapered leading edge.  The angle of taper shall be <30° and the
taper shall be on the outside to preserve a constant internal  diameter.
The probe nozzle shall be;of the button-hook or elbow design,  unless
otherwise specified by the Administrator.  If made of stainless steel,
the nozzle shall be constructed from seamless tubing; other materials
of construction may be used, subject to the approval of the
Administrator.
     A range of nozzle sizes suitable for isokinetic sampling  should
be available, e.g., 0.32  to 1.27 cm (1/8 to 1/2 in.)--or larger if
higher volume sampling trains are used—inside diameter (ID) nozzles
in increments of 0.16 cm  (1/16 in.).  Each nozzle shall be calibrated
according  to the procedures outlined in Section 5.
     2.1.2  Probe Liner.  Borosilicate or quartz glass tubing with a
heating  system  capable of maintaining a gas temperature at the exit
end  during  sampling  of 120 +_ 14°C  (248 +_ 25°F), or such other tempera-
ture as  specified by  an  applicable  subpart of the standards or
approved  by the Administrator for  a particular application.   (The
tester may opt  to operate the equipment  at a temperature lower than
that specified.)  Since  the actual  temperature at the  outlet  of the
probe  is  not  usually  monitored during sampling, probes constructed
according to  APTD-0581 and  utilizing the  calibration curves of
APTD-0576 (or calibrated according to the  procedure  outlined  in
APTD-0576)  will  be  considered acceptable.
                             175
-------
(Ti
              cc
                             TEMPERATURE SENSOR
.. PROBE

 TEMPERATURE
   SENSOR
                                                                IMPINGER TRAIN OPTIONAL,MAY BE REPLACED
                                                                     BY AN EQUIVALENT CONDENSER
                                                  HEATED AREA   THERMOMETER
                                                                                 THERMOMETER
                         PITOTTUBE

                              PROBE
                        REVERSE-TYPE
                          PITOTTUBE
                                                           IMPINGERS              ICE BATH
                                                                   BY-PASS VALVE
                                                                                   VACUUM
                                                                                    GAUGE
                                  THERMOMETERS
                                                                            MAIN VALVE
                                              DRY GAS METER
                            AIRTIGHT
                              PUMP
CHECK
VALVE
                                                                                                •VACUUM
                                                                                                  LINE
                                              Fjyure 51. Parliculalc-sampling tr;iin.
-------
     Either borosilicate or quartz glass probe liners  may be  used
for stack temperatures up to about 480°C (900°F); quartz  liners
shall be used for temperatures between 480 and 900°C (900 and 1650°F).
Both types of liners may be. used at higher temperatures than  specified
for short periods of time, subject to the approval  of  the Administrator.
The softening temperature for borosilicate is 820°C (1508°F), and  for
quartz it is 1500°C (2732°F).
     Whenever practical, every effort should be made to use borosilicate
or quartz glass probe liners.  Alternatively, metal liners (e.g.,  316
stainless steel, Incoloy 825,  or other corrosion resistant metals)
made of seamless tubing may be used, subject to the approval  of the
Administrator.
     2.1.3  Pitot Tube.  Type S, as described in Section  2.1  of
Method 2, or other device approved by the Administrator.   The pi tot
tube shall  be attached to the probe (as shown in Figure  5-1)  to allow
constant monitoring of the stack gas velocity.  The impact (high
pressure) opening plane of the pitot tube shall be even with or
above the nozzle entry plane  (see Method 2,  Figure 2-6b)  during
sampling.   The Type S pitot tube assembly shall have a known coefficient,
determined  as outlined in Section 4 of Method 2.
     2.1.4  Differential  Pressure Gauge.  Inclined manometer or
equivalent  device  (two),  as described  in Section 2.2 of Method 2.
One  manometer shall be used for  velocity head  Up)  readings, and
the  other,  for orifice differential pressure readings.
  Mention  of trade  names  or  specific  products  does  not  constitute
  endorsement by the  Environmental  Protection  Agency.
                                177
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     2.1.5  Filter Holder.  Borosllicate glass, with a glass frit
filter support and a silicone rubber gasket.  Other materials of
construction (e.g., stainless steel, Teflon, Viton) may be used,
subject to the approval of the Administrator.  The holder design shall
provide a positive seal against leakage from the outside or around the
filter.  The holder shall be attached immediately at the outlet of
the probe (or cyclone, if used).
     2.1.6  Filter Heating System.  Any heating system capable of
maintaining a temperature around the filter holder during sampling
of 120 +; 14°C (248 + 25°F), or such other temperature as specified by
an applicable subpart  of  the standards or approved by the
Administrator for a particular application.  Alternatively, the tester
                                             /
may opt  to operate the equipment at a temperature lower than that
specified.  A temperature gauge capable of measuring temperature to
within 3°C  (5.4°F) shall  be installed so that the temperature around
the filter  holder can  be  regulated and monitored during sampling.
Heating  systems  other  than the one shown in APTD-0581 may be used.
      2.1.7  Condenser.  The following system shall be used to determine
 the  stack  gas moisture content:   Four impingers connected in series
with  leak-free  ground  glass fittings or any  similar  leak-free non-
 contaminating fittings.   The  first,  third,  and  fourth impingers  shall
 be of the  Greenburg-Smith design, modified  by  replacing the  tip  with
 a 1.3 cm (1/2  in.)  ID  glass  tube  extending  to  about  1.3 cm  (1/2  in.)
 from the bottom of the flask.   The  second  impinger  shall  be  of  the
 Greenburg-Smith design with  the standard tip.   Modifications (e.g.,
                                 178
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using flexible connections between the Impingers, using materials
other than glass, or using flexible vacuum lines to connect the
filter holder to the condenser) may be used, subject to the
approval of the Administrator.  The first and second impingers shall
contain known quantities of water (Section 4.1.3), the third shall
be empty, and the fourth shall contain a known weight of silica gel,
or equivalent desiccant.  A thermometer, capable of measuring tempera-
ture to within 1°C  (2°F) shall be placed at the outlet of the fourth
impinger for monitoring purposes.
     Alternatively, any system that cools the sample gas stream and
allows measurement  of the water condensed and moisture leaving the
condenser, each  to  within 1 ml or 1 g may be used, subject to the
approval of the  Administrator.  Acceptable means are to measure the
condensed water  either gravimetrically or volumetrically and to measure
the  moisture  leaving the condenser by:   (1) monitoring the temperature
and  pressure  at  the exit of the condenser and using Dal ton's law of
partial  pressures;  or  (2) passing the sample gas stream through a
tared  silica  gel  (or equivalent desiccant) trap with exit gases kept
below  20°C  (68°F)  and  determining the weight gain.
     .If means  other than  silica gel are  used to determine the amount  of
moisture leaving the condenser,  it is recommended  that silica gel  (or
equivalent)  still  be used  between the condenser  system and  pump  to
prevent moisture condensation in  the  pump and metering devices and
to  avoid the  need to make  corrections for moisture in  the metered
volume.
                               179
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     Note:   If a determination of the participate matter collected
in the impingers is desired in addition to moisture content, the
impinger system described above shall be used, without.modification.
Individual  States or control agencies requiring this information
shall be contacted as to the sample recovery and analysis of the
impinger contents.
     2.1.8  Metering System.  Vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, thermometers
capable of measuring temperature to within 3°C (5.4°F), dry gas meter
capable of measuring volume to within 2 percent, and related equipment,
as shown in Figure 5-1.  Other metering systems capable of maintaining
sampling rates within 10 percent of isokinetic and of determining
sample volumes to within 2 percent may be used, subject to the approval
of the Administrator.  When the metering system is used in conjunction
with  a pitot  tube, the system shall enable checks of isokinetic rates.
      Sampling trains utilizing metering systems designed for higher
flow  rates than  that described in APTD-058T or APTD-0576 may be used
provided that the  specifications of this method are met.
      2.1.9  Barometer.  Mercury, aneroid, or other barometer capable
of measuring  atmospheric pressure to within 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in. Hg).
 In many  cases,  the barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby
national weather service station, in which case the station value
 (which  is  the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and
an adjustment for elevation differences between the weather station
and  sampling  point shall be applied  at  a  rate  of  minus  2.5 mm  Hg
 (0.1  in. Hg)  per 30  m  (100 ft) elevation  increase or vice  versa
 for  elevation decrease.
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     2.1.10  Gas Density Determination Equipment.   Temperature
sensor and pressure gauge, as described in Sections 2.3 and 2.4  of
Method 2, and gas analyzer, if necessary, as described-in Method 3.
The temperature sensor shall, preferably, be permanently attached
to the pi tot tube or sampling probe in a fixed configuration,  such
that the tip of the sensor extends beyond the leading edge of  the
probe sheath and does not touch any metal.  Alternatively, the sensor
may be attched just prior to use in the field.  Note, however, that
if the temperature sensor is attached in the field, the sensor must
be placed in an interference-free arrangement with respect to  the
Type S pitot tube openings (see Method 2, Figure 2-7).  As a second
alternative, if a difference of not more than 1 percent in the average
velocity measurement is to be introduced, the temperature gauge need
not be attached to the probe or pitot tube.   (This alternative is
subject  to  the approval of the Administrator.)
     2.2  Sample Recovery.  The following items are needed:
     2.2.1   Probe-Liner and Probe-Nozzle  Brushes.  Nylon bristle
brushes  with stainless steel wire handles.  The probe brush shall
have extensions  (at  least  as long as  the  probe) of stainless  steel,
Nylon, Teflon, or  similarly  inert material.   The brushes  shall  be
properly sized and  shaped  to brush  out  the  probe liner  and  nozzle.
      2.2.2   Wash Bottles—Two.  Glass wash  bottles are  recommended;
polyethylene wash  bottles  may  be  used at  the  option  of  the  tester.
 It is  recommended  that acetone  not  be stored  in polyethylene  bottles
 for longer  than  a  month.
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     2.2.3  Glass Sample Storage Containers.  Chemically resistant,
borosilicate glass bottles, for acetone washes, 500 ml or 1000 ml.
Screw cap liners shall either be rubber-backed Teflon or shall be
constructed so as to be leak-free and resistant to chemical attack
by acetone.  (Narrow mouth glass bottles have been found to be less
prone to leakage.)  Alternatively, polyethylene bottles may be used.
     2.2.4  Petri Dishes.  For filter samples, glass or polyethylene,
unless otherwise specified by the Administrator.
     2.2.5  Graduated Cylinder and/or Balance.  To measure condensed
water to within  1 ml or 1 g.  Graduated cylinders shall have sub-
divisions  no greater than 2 ml.  Most laboratory balances are capable
of weighing to the nearest 0.5 g or less.  Any of these balances is
suitable  for use here and in Section 2.3.4.
     2.2.6  Plastic Storage Containers.  Air-tight containers to
store silica gel.
     2.2.7  Funnel and  Rubber Policeman.  To  aid in transfer of silica
gel  to  container; not necessary  if silica gel is weighed in the field.
     2.2.8 Funnel.   Glass or polyethylene, to aid in sample recovery.
     2.3   Analysis.   For  analysis, the  following equipment is needed:
     2.3.. 1  Glass Weighing Dishes.'
     2.3.2 Desiccator.
     2.3.3 Analytical  Balance.  To measure to within 0.1  mg.
     2.3.4 Balance.  To  measure to within  0.5  g.
     2.3.5 Beakers.   250 ml.
     2.3.6 Hygrometer.   To  measure  the relative  humidity  of  the
 laboratory environment.

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     2.3.7  Temperature Gauge.  To measure the temperature of the
laboratory environment.
3.  Reagents
     3.1  Sampling.  The reagents used in sampling are as follows:
     3.1.1  Filters.  Glass fiber filters, without organic binder,
exhibiting at least 99.95 percent efficiency (<0.05 percent penetration)
on 0.3-micron dioctyl phthalate smoke particles.   The filter efficiency
test shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM standard method
D 2986-71.  Test data from the supplier's quality control program  are
sufficient for this purpose.
     3.1.2  Silica Gel.  Indicating! type, 6 to 16 mesh.  If previously
used, dry at 175°C  (350°F) for 2 hours.  New, silica gel may be used
as received.  Alternatively, other types of desiccants (equivalent or
better) may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
     3.1.3  Water.  When analysis of the material caught in the
impinger? is required, distilled water shall be used.  Run blanks
prior to  field use  to  eliminate a high blank on test samples.
     3.1.4  Crushed  Ice.
     3.1.5  Stopcock Grease.  Acetone-insoluble, heat-stable silicone
grease.   This is not necessary  if screw-on connectors with Teflon
sleeves,  or similar, are used.  Alternatively, other types of  stopcock
grease  may  be used,  subject  to  the approval of the Administrator.
     3.2  Sample Recovery.   Acetone—reagent grade,  <0.001 percent
residue,  in glass  bottles—is required.   Acetone  from  metal  containers
generally has a  high residue blank and should  not  be used.   Sometimes,
                              183
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suppliers transfer acetone to glass bottles from metal containers;
thus, acetone blanks shall be run prior to field use and only
acetone with low blank values- (<0.001 percent) shall be used.  In
no case shall a blank value of greater than 0.001 percent of the
weight of acetone used be subtracted from the sample weight.
     3.3  Analysis.  Two reagents are required for the analysis:
     3.3.1  Acetone.  Same as 3.2.
     3.3.2  Desiccant.  Anhydrous calcium sulfate, indicating type.
Alternatively, other types of desiccants may be used, subject to the
approval of the Administrator.
4.   Procedure
     4.1  Sampling.  The  complexity  of this method is such that, in
order  to obtain reliable  results, testers should be trained and
experienced with  the test  procedures.
     4.1.1   Pretest Preparation.  All the components  shall be maintained
and  calibrated according  to  the  procedure described in APTD-0576,  unless
otherwise specified herein.
     Weigh  several  200  to 300 g  portions of  silica gel in air-tight
containers  to  the nearest 0.5 g.   Record the  total weight of  the
silica gel  plus  container, on each  container.   As an  alternative,  the
silica gel  need  not be  preweighed,  but may  be  weighed directly  in  its
 impinger or sampling  holder just prior to  train assembly.
      Check  filters visually against light  for irregularities  and
 flaws  or pinhole  leaks.   Label  filters of  the proper  diameter on  the
 back side near the edge using  numbering  machine ink.   As an alternative,
                                    184
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label the shipping containers (glass or plastic petri dishes) and
keep the filters in these containers at all times except during
sampling and weighing....
     Desiccate the filters at 20 +_ 5.6eC (68 + 10°F) and ambient
pressure for at least 24 hours and weigh at intervals of at least
6 hours to a constant weight, i.e., <0.5 mg change from previous
weighing; record results to the nearest 0.1 mg.  During each
weighing the filter must not be exposed to the laboratory atmosphere
for a period greater than 2 minutes and a relative humidity above
50 percent.  Alternatively (unless otherwise specified by the
Administrator), the filters may be oven dried at 105°C (220°F) for
2 to 3 hours, desiccated for 2 hours, and weighed.  Procedures other
than those described, which account for relative humidity effects,
may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
     4.1.2  Preliminary Determinations.  Select the sampling site and
the minimum number of sampling points, according to Method 1 or as
specified by the Administrator.   Determine the stack pressure,
temperature, and the range of velocity heads using Method 2; it  is
recommended that a leak-check of  the pitot lines  (see Method 2,
Section  3.1) be performed.  Determine the moisture content  using
Approximation Method 4  or  its alternatives for the purpose  of making
isokinetic  sampling rate  settings.   Determine  the stack  gas dry
molecular weight,  as described  in Method  2,  Section  3.6;  if integrated
Method  3 sampling  is used  for molecular weight determination,  the
 integrated  bag  sample  shall  be  taken simultaneously  with, and  for
 the same total  length  of time  as, the particulate sample run.
                             185
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     Select a nozzle size based on the range of velocity heads,  such
that it is not necessary to change the nozzle size in order to maintain
isokinetic sampling rates.  During the run,  do not change the nozzle
size.  Ensure that the proper differential  pressure gauge is chosen for
the range of velocity heads encountered (see Section 2.2 of Method 2).
     Select a suitable probe liner and probe length such that all
traverse points can be sampled.  For large  stacks, consider sampling
from opposite sides of the stack to reduce  the length of probes.
     Select a total sampling time greater than or equal  to the minimum
total sampling time specified in the test procedures for the specific
industry such that (1) the sampling time per point is not less than 2
min, (or some greater time interval as specified by the Administrator),
and  (2) the sample volume taken (corrected  to standard conditions) will
exceed the required minimum total gas sample volume.  The latter is
based on an approximate average sampling rate.
     The sampling time at each point shall  be the same.   It is recom-
mended that the number of minutes sampled at each point  be an integer or
an integer plus onehalf minute, in order to avoid timekeeping errors.
     In some circumstances, e.g., batch cycles, it may be necessary to
sample for shorter times at the traverse points and to obtain smaller
gas  sample volumes.  In these cases, the Administrator's approval  must
first be obtained.
     4.1.3  Preparation of Collection Train.  During preparation and
assembly of the sampling train, keep all openings where  contamination
                                 186
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can occur covered until just prior to assembly or until  sampling
is about to begin.
     Place 100 ml of water in each of the first two impingers, leave
the third impinger empty, and transfer approximately 200 to 300 g of
preweighed silica gel from its container to the fourth impinger.
More silica gel may be used, but care should be taken to ensure that.
it is not entrained and carried out from the impinger during sampling.
Place the container in a clean place for later use in the sample
recovery.  Alternatively, the weight of the silica gel plus impinger
may be determined to the nearest 0.5 g and recorded.
     Using a tweezer or clean disposable surgical gloves, place a
labeled  (identified) and weighed filter in the filter holder.  Be sure
that the  filter  is properly  centered and the gasket properly placed
so as to  prevent the sample  gas stream from circumventing the filter.
Check the filter for tears after assembly  is completed.
     When glass  liners are used, install the selected nozzle  us'ing
a  Viton  A 0-ring when  stack  temperatures are less  than 260°C  (500°F)
and  an  asbestos  string gasket when  temperatures  are  higher.   See
APTD-0576 for  details.   Other connecting systems using either 316
stainless steel  or Teflon  ferrules  may  be  used.   When metal  liners
are  used, install the  nozzle as  above  or by a  leak-free  direct
mechanical  connection.  Mark the  probe  with heat resistant tape or
by some other  method to  denote  the  proper  distance into  the stack or
duct for each  sampling point.
                              187
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     Set up the train as in Figure 5-1, using (if necessary) a very
light coat of silicone grease on all ground glass joints, greasing
only the outer portion (see APTD-0576) to avoid possibility of
contamination by the silicone grease.  Subject to the approval of
the Administrator, a glass cyclone may be used between the probe and
filter holder when the total particulate catch is expected to exceed
100 mg or when water droplets are present in the stack gas.
     Place crushed ice around the impingers.
     4.1.4  Leak-Check Procedures.
     4.1.4.1  Pretest Leak-Check.  A pretest leak-check is recommended,
but not required.  If the tester opts to conduct the pretest leak-check,
the following procedure shall be used.
     After the sampling train has been assembled, turn on and set the
filter  and probe heating systems at the desired operating temperatures.
Allow time for the temperatures to stabilize.  If a Viton A 0-ring or
other leak-free connection  is used in assembling the probe nozzle to
the probe  liner, leak-check the train at the sampling site by plugging
the nozzle and pulling a 380 mm Hg  (15 in. Hg) vacuum.
     Note:  A  lower  vacuum may be 'used, provided that it is not exceeded
during  the test.
      If an asbestos  string  is used,  do not connect the probe  to the
train during  the leak-check.  Instead, leak-check the train by first
plugging  the  inlet to the  filter  holder  (cyclone, if applicable)  and
pulling a  380  mm Hg  (15  in. Hg)  vacuum  (see  Note immediately  above).
Then  connect  the probe  to  the train  and  leak-check at about 25 mm Hg
 (1  in.  Hg) vacuum; alternatively, the  probe  may  be leak-checked with
                                 188
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the rest of the sampling train, in one step, at 380 mm Hg (15 in.  Hg)
vacuum.  Leakage rates in excess of 4 percent of the average sampling
rate or 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm), whichever is less, are unacceptable.
     The following leak-check instructions for the sampling train
described in APTD-0576 and APTD-0581 may be helpful.  Start the pump
with bypass valve fully open and coarse adjust valve completely closed.
Partially open the coarse adjust valve and slowly close  the bypass
valve  until the desired vacuum is reached.  Do not reverse direction
of bypass valve; this will cause water to back up into the filter
holder.  If the desired vacuum is exceeded, either leak-check at
this higher vacuum or end the leak check as shown below and start  over.
     When the  leak-check is completed, first slowly remove the plug
from the inlet to the probe, filter holder, or cyclone (if applicable)
and immediately turn off the vacuum pump.  This prevents the water in
the impingers  from being forced backward into the filter holder and
silica gel  from being entrained backward, into the third impinger.
     4.1.4.2   Leak-Checks During  Sample  Run.  If, during the sampling
run, a component  (e.g.,  filter assembly  or  impinger) change  becomes
necessary,  a  leak-check  shall  be  conducted  immediately before  the
change is  made.   The  leak-check'shall  be done according to  the procedure
outlined  in Section  4.1.4.1  above,  except  that  it shall be  done at a
vacuum equal  to  or  greater  than  the maximum value recorded  up  to  that
point  in  the  test.   If  the  leakage  rate  is  found  to be no  greater than
0.00057 m /min (0.02 cfm)  or 4 percent of the  average  sampling rate
                               189
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(whichever is less), the results are acceptable, and no correction
will need to be applied to the total volume of dry gas metered;
if, however, a higher leakage rate is obtained, the tester shall
either record the leakage rate and plan to correct the sample volume
as shown in Section 6.3 of this method, or shall void the sampling run.
     Immediately after component changes, leak-checks are optional;
if such leak-checks are done, the procedure outlined in Section 4.1.4.1
above shall be used.
     4.1.4.3  Post-test Leak-Check.  A leak-check is mandatory at the
conclusion of each  sampling run.  The leak-check shall be done in
accordance with the procedures outlined in Section 4.1.4.1, except
that it shall be conducted at a vacuum equal to or greater than the
maximum value reached during the sampling run.  If the leakage rate
is  found  to  be no greater than 0.00057 m /min  (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent
of  the average sampling rate  (whichever is less), the results are
acceptable,  and no  correction need  be applied  to the total volume of
dry gas metered.  If, however, a higher leakage rate is obtained, the
tester shall  either record the leakage rate and correct the sample
volume as shown in  Section 6.3 of  this method,  or shall void  the
sampling  run.
      4.1.5  Particulate Train Operation.   During the  sampling run,
maintain  an  isokinetic  sampling  rate  (within  10 percent of true
 isokinetic unless otherwise  specified  by  the  Administrator)  and  a
 temperature  around  the  filter of 120  +  14°C  (248 +  25°F),  or  such other
                                  190
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temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards
or approved by the Administrator.
     For each run, record the data required on a data sheet such as
the one shown in Figure 5-2.  Be sure to record the initial dry gas
meter reading.  Record the dry gas meter readings at the beginning
and end of each sampling time increment, when changes In flow rates
are made, before and after each leak check, and when sampling is halted.
Take other readings required by Figure 5-2 at least once at each sample
point during each time increment and additional readings when significant
changes  (20 percent variation in velocity head readings) necessitate
additional adjustments in flow rate.  Level and zero the manometer.
Because  the manometer level and zero may drift due to vibrations and
temperature changes, make periodic checks during the traverse.
     Clean the portholes prior to the test run to minimize the chance
of sampling deposited material.  To begin sampling, remove the nozzle
cap, verify that  the filter and probe heating systems are up to
temperature,  and  that the pitot tube and -probe are properly positioned.
Position the  nozzle at the  first traverse point with the tip pointing
directly into the gas stream.   Immediately start the pump and  adjust
the  flow to isokinetic conditions.  Nomographs are available,  which
aid  in  the rapid  adjustment of  the  isokinetic  sampling  rate without
excessive computations.  These  nomographs are  designed  for use when the
Type S  pitot  tube coefficient  is  0.85 j^0.02,  and  the stack  gas
equivalent density  (dry  molecular weight)  is  equal to 29 +_4.   APTD-0576
details the procedure  for  using the nomographs.   If  C   and M.  are
outside the above stated ranges,  do not use  the  nomographs unless
appropriate  steps (see  Citation 7  in  Section 7)  are  taken  to compensate
for  the deviations.
                                191
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        PLANT
        LOCATION.
        OPERATOR.
        DATE	
        RUN NO
       SAMPLE BOX NO..
       METER BOX N0._
       METERAH@	
       C FACTOR	
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE .
ASSUMED MOISTURE. % _
PROBE LENGTH,m III)	
NOZZLE IDENTIFICATION NO..
AVERAGE CALIBRATED NOZZLE DIAMETER, ctndn.]
PRODE HEATER SETTING	
LEAK RATE. m3/mm.(clm)	
PROBE LINERMATERIAL	
       PITOT TUBE COEFFICIENT.Cp.
                                                 SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION
STATIC PRESSURE, mm Hg (in.Mg)
FILTER NO.'	
TRAVERSE POINT
NUMBER












TOTAL
SAMPLING
TIME
(01. mm.













AVERAGE
VACUUM
mrn Hg
(in Hg|














STACK
TEMPERATURE

• °C (°F|














VEIOCITY
HEAD
|APSI.
"»n|in |H^O














PRESSURE
DIFfERENTIAL
ACROSS
ORIFICE
METER
nvn H^O
(in H20)














GAS SAMPLE
VOLUME
m3 (Il3l














GAS SAMPLE TEMPERATURE
AT DRY GAS METER
INLET
°C ("F|












Avfj.
OUTLET
"C (°F|












Avi|.
Avq.
FILTER HOLDER
TEMPERATURE
°C |'F|














TEMPERATURE
; UF GAS
LEAVING
CONDENSER OR
LAST IMPINGER.
'C ("F)














ro
                                                          Figure  5-2.  Pariiculale field data.
-------
     When the stack is under significant negative pressure (height
of impinger stem), take care to close the coarse adjust valve before
inserting the probe into the stack to prevent water from backing into
the filter holder.  If necessary, the pump may be turned on with the
coarse adjust valve closed.
     When the probe is in position, block off the openings around
the probe and porthole to prevent unrepresentative dilution of the
gas stream.
     Traverse the stack cross-section, as required by Method 1 or as
specified by the Administrator, being careful not to bump the probe
nozzle into the stack walls when sampling near the walls or when
removing or inserting the probe through the portholes; this minimizes
the chance of extracting deposited material.
      During the test run, make periodic adjustments to keep the
temperature around the filter holder at the proper level; add more
ice and,  if necessary, salt to maintain a temperature of  less than
20°C  (68°F) at the condenser/silica gel outlet.  Also, periodically
check the  level and  zero of the manometer.
      If  the pressure drop  across the filter becomes too high, making
isokinetic  sampling  difficult  to maintain, the  filter may be  replaced
in the midst  of a  sample run.   It  is recommended that another complete
filter assembly be used  rather  than attempting  to  change  the  filter
itself.   Before a new  filter  assembly  is  installed, conduct a leak-check
(see  Section  4.1.4.2).   The  total  particulate weight  shall  include the
summation of  all  filter  assembly catches.
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     A single train shall be used for the entire sample run, except
in cases where simultaneous sampling is required in two or more
separate ducts or at two or more different locations within the same
duct, or, in cases where equipment failure necessitates a change of
trains.  In all other situations, the use of two or more trains will
be subject to the approval of the Administrator.
     Note that when two or more trains are used, separate analyses of
the front-half and  (if applicable) impinger catches from each train
shall  be performed, unless identical nozzle sizes were used on all
trains,  in which  case, the front-half catches from the individual trains
may  be  combined  (as may the impinger catches) and one analysis of front-
half catch and one  analysis of  impinger catch may be performed.  Consult
with the Administrator for details concerning the calculation of
results when  two  or more  trains are used.
     At the  end  of  the sample run, turn off the coarse adjust valve,
remove the  probe  and  nozzle from  the stack, turn off the pump, record
the  final  dry gas meter  reading,  and conduct a  post-test leak-check, as
outlined in  Section 4.1.4.3.  Also,  leak-check  the pitot lines as
described  in Method 2,  Section  3.1;  the  lines must pass this  leak-check,
 in order to  validate  the  velocity head data.
      4.1.6  Calculation  of Percent  Isokinetic.   Calculate  percent
 isokinetic (see  Calculations,  Section  6)  to  determine  whether the  run
was  valid  or another  test run  should  be  made.   If  there was difficulty
 in maintaining isokinetic rates due  to source  conditions,  consult  with
 the  Administrator for possible  variance  on the  isokinetic  rates.
                                   194
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     4.2  Sample Recovery.  Proper cleanup procedure begins as soon
as the probe is removed from the stack at the end of the sampling
period.  Allow the probe to cool.
     When the probe can be safely handled, wipe off all external
particulate matter near the tip of the probe nozzle and place a cap
over it to prevent losing or gaining particulate matter.  Do not cap
off the probe tip tightly while the sampling train is cooling down
as this would create a vacuum in the filter holder, thus drawing water
from the impingers into the filter holder.
     Before moving the sample train to the cleanup site, remove the
probe  from the sample train, wipe off the silicone grease, and cap
the open outlet of the probe.  Be careful not to lose any condensate
that might be present.  Wipe off the silicone grease from the filter
inlet  where the probe was fastened and cap it.  Remove the umbilical
cord from the last impinger and cap the  impinger.  If a flexible line
is used  between the first impinger or condenser and the filter holder,
disconnect the line at the filter holder and let any condensed water
or liquid drain into the  impingers or condenser.  After wiping off the
silicone grease,  cap off  the filter holder outlet and  impinger inlet.
Either ground-glass stoppers,  plastic caps,  or  serum caps may  be used
to close these openings.
     Transfer the probe  and  filter-impinger  assembly to the  cleanup
area.   This  area  should  be clean  and  protected  from  the wind so  that
the  chances  of contaminating or  losing  the  sample will  be minimized.
                               195
-------
     Save a portion of the acetone used for cleanup as a blank.  Take
200 ml of this acetone directly from the wash bottle being used and
place it in a glass sample container labeled "acetone blank."
     Inspect the train prior to and during disassembly and note any
abnormal conditions.  Treat the samples as follows:
     Container No. 1.  Carefully remove the filter from the filter holder
and place it in its identified petri dish container.  Use a pair of
tweezers and/or clean disposable surgical gloves to handle the filter.
If it is necessary to fold the filter, do so such that the particulate
cake is  inside the fold.  Carefully transfer to the petri dish any
particulate matter and/or filter fibers which adhere to the filter
holder  gasket, by using a dry Nylon bristle brush and/or a sharp-edged
blade.   Seal the container.
      Container No. 2.  Taking care  to  see that dust on the outside
of the  probe or other exterior surfaces does not get into the  sample,
quantitatively recover particulate  matter ,or any condensate from the
probe  nozzle, probe  fitting, probe  liner, and front half of the
filter holder by washing  these components with acetone and placing
the  wash in  a glass  container.  Distilled water may be used instead
of acetone when approved  by  the Administrator and  shall  be used when
specified by the  Administrator; in  these  cases, save  a water  blank
and  follow the  Administrator's directions on analysis.   Perform  the
acetone rinses  as  follows:
                                  196
-------
     Carefully remove the probe nozzle and clean the inside surface
by rinsing with acetone from a wash bottle and brushing with a Nylon
bristle brush.  Brush until the acetone rinse shows no visible particles,
after which make a final rinse of the inside surface with acetone. .
     Brush and rinse the inside parts of the Swagelok fitting with
acetone in a similar way until no visible particles remain.
     Rinse the probe liner with acetone by tilting and rotating the
probe while squirting acetone into its upper end so that all inside
surfaces will be wetted with acetone.  Let the acetone drain from the
lower end into the sample  container.  A funnel (glass or polyethylene)
may be used to aid in transferring liquid washes to the container.   Follow
the acetone rinse with  a probe brush.  Hold the probe in an inclined
position, squirt acetone into the upper end as the probe brush is being
pushed with a twisting  action through the probe; hold a sample container
underneath the lower end of  the probe, and catch any acetone  and particu-
late matter which  is brushed from the probe.  Run  the brush through the
probe  three times  or more  until no visible particulate matter is carried
out  with  the  acetone or until  none remains  in the  probe  liner on visual
inspection.   With  stainless  steel  or other metal  probes,  run  the brush
through  in  the  above prescribed manner  at least  six times since metal
probes have  small  crevices in which  particulate  matter can be entrapped.
Rinse  the brush  with acetone, and  quantitatively collect these washings
in the sample container.   After the  brushing, make a final acetone rinse
of the probe  as  described  above.
                                  197
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     It is recommended that two people be used to clean the probe
to minimize sample losses.  Between sampling runs, keep brushes clean
and protected from contamination.
     After ensuring that all joints have been wiped clean of silicone
grease, clean the inside of the front half of the filter holder by
rubbing the surfaces with a Nylon bristle brush and rinsing with
acetone.  Rinse each surface three times or more if needed to remove
visible particulate.  Make a final rinse of the brush and filter
holder.   Carefully rinse out the glass cyclone, also (if applicable).
After  all acetone washings and particulate matter have been collected
in  the sample container, tighten the  lid on the sample container so
that acetone will not leak out when it is shipped to the laboratory.
Mark the  height of the  fluid level to determine whether or not
leakage occurred  during transport.  Label the container to clearly
 identify  its  contents.
     Container  No.  3.   Note  the  color of the  indicating silica gel
 to determine  if it  has  been  completely spent  and make a notation of
 its condition.  Transfer the silica gel from  the fourth impinger to
 its original  container  and  seal.   A funnel  may make  it easier  to pour
 the silica  gel  without  spilling.   A rubber  policeman may be  used as
 an aid in removing  the  silica  gel  from  the  impinger.   It is  not
 necessary to remove the small  amount  of dust  particles that  may  adhere
 to the impinger wall  and are difficult  to remove.   Since the gain  in
 weight is to be used for moisture calculations,  do not use any water
                                  198
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or other liquids to transfer the silica gel.  If a balance is
available in the field, follow the procedure for container No.  3
in Section 4.3.
     Impinger Water.  Treat the impingers as follows:  Make a
notation of any color or film in the liquid catch.  Measure the
liquid which is in the first three impingers to within +1  ml by
using a graduated cylinder or by weighing it to within +0.5 g by
using a balance (if one is available).  Record the volume  or weight
of liquid present.  This information is required to calculate the
moisture content of the effluent gas.
     Discard the liquid after measuring and recording the  volume or
weight, unless  analysis of the tmpinger catch is required (see Note,
Section 2.1.7).
     If a different type of condenser  is used, measure the amount of
moisture condensed either volumetrically or gravimetrically.
     Whenever  possible, containers should be shipped in such a way that
they remain  upright at all times.
     4.3  Analysis.   Record the data  required on  a sheet  such as the
one  shown in Figure 5-3.  Handle  each  sample container as follows:
     .Container No.  1.  Leave  the  contents  in the  shipping container
or  transfer  the filter and  any  loose  particulate  from  the sample
container to a tared  glass weighing  dish.   Desiccate for  24 hours
in  a desiccator containing  anhydrous  calcium  sulfate.  Weigh to a
constant  weight and  report  the  results to  the  nearest 0.1  mg.   For
purposes  of this  Section,  4.3,  'the term "constant weight" means
                               199
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Plant__	
Date	
Run No	
Filter No.	
Amount liquid lost during transport
Acetone blank volume, ml.	
Acetone wash volume, ml	
Acetone blank concentration, mg/mg (equation 5-4).
Acetone wash blank, mg (equation 5-5)	
CONTAINER
NUMBER
1
2
TOTAL
WEIGHT OF PARTICULATE COLLECTED.
mg
FINAL WEIGHT


^xC^
TARE WEIGHT


^x^7
Less acetone blank
Weight of paniculate matter
WEIGHT GAIN






FINAL
INITIAL
LIQUID COLLECTED
TOTAL VOLUME COLLECTED
VOLUME OF LIQUID
WATER COLLECTED
IMPINGER
VOLUME,
ml




SILICA GEL
WEIGHT.
9



9* ml
      •CONVERT WEIGHT OF WATER TO VOLUME BY DIVIDING TOTAL WEIGHT
       INCREASE BY DENSITY OF WATER (Ig/ml).
                                   INCREASE, g
                                      1 g/ml
= VOLUME WATER, ml
                         Figure 5-3.  Analytical data.
                                   200
-------
a difference of no more than 0.5 mg or 1 percent of total weight
less tare weight, whichever is greater, between two consecutive
weighings, with no less than 6 hours of desiccation time between
weighings.
     Alternatively, the sample may be oven dried at 105°C (220°F) for
2 to 3 hours, cooled in the desiccator, and weighed to a constant
weight, unless otherwise specified by the Administrator.  The tester
may also opt to oven dry the sample at 105°C (220°F) for 2 to 3 hours,
weigh the sample, and use this weight as a final weight.
     Container No. 2.  Note the level of liquid in the container and
confirm on the analysis sheet whether or not leakage occurred during
transport.   If a noticeable amount of leakage has occurred, either void
the sample or use methods, subject to the approval of the Administrator,
to correct the final results.  Measure the liquid in this container
either volumetrically to +1 ml or gravimetrically to +0.5 g.  Transfer
the contents to a tared 250-ml beaker and evaporate to dryness at ambient
temperature  and pressure.  Desiccate for 24'hours and weigh to a
constant weight.  Report the results to the nearest 0.1 mg.
     Container No. 3.  Weigh the spent silica gel (or silica gel plus
impinger) to the nearest 0.5 g using a balance.  This step may be con-
ducted in the field.
     "Acetone Blank" Container.  Measure acetone  in this  container
either volumetrically or gravimetrically.  Transfer the  acetone  to
a  tared  250-ml beaker and  evaporate  to dryness  at ambient temperature
and pressure.  Desiccate for  24  hours  and  weigh to  a  constant  weight.
Report the  results to the  nearest  0.1  mg.
                                   201
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     Note:  At the option of the tester, the contents of Container



No. 2 as well as the acetone blank container may be evaporated at



temperatures higher than ambient.  If evaporation is done at an



elevated temperature, the temperature must be below the boiling point



of the solvent; also, to prevent "bumping," the evaporation process



must be closely supervised, and the contents of the beaker must be



swirled occasionally to maintain an even temperature.  Use extreme



care, as acetone is highly flammable and has a low flash point.



5.  Calibration



     Maintain a laboratory log of all calibrations.



     5.1  Probe Nozzle.  Probe nozzles shall be calibrated before



their initial use in the field.  Using a micrometer, measure the



inside diameter of the nozzle to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).



Make three  separate measurements using different diameters each time,



and obtain  the average of the measurements.  The difference between



the high  and low numbers shall not exceed 0.1 mm (0.004 in.).  When



nozzles become nicked, dented, or corroded,'they shall be reshaped,



sharpened,  and recalibrated before use.  Each nozzle shall be per-



manently  and uniquely identified.



     5.2  Pitot Tube.  The Type S pitot tube assembly shall be calibrated



according to the procedure outlined  in Section 4 of Method 2.



     5.3  Metering System.  Before its initial use in the field, the



metering  system shall be calibrated  according to the procedure outlined



in APTD-0576.   Instead of physically adjusting the dry gas meter dial



readings  to correspond to the wet test meter readings, calibration



factors r.ay be  used  to mathematically correct the gas meter dial readings



to the  proper  values. Before calibrating the-metering system,  it is sug-



gested  that a  leak-check HP conducted.  For  metering  systems having  diaphragm




                                  202
-------
 pumps,  the normal  leak-check  procedure  will  not  detect  leakages within
 the pump.   For these cases the following  leak-check  procedure is
 suggested: -make a  10-minute calibration run  at 0.00057  m3/min (0.02 cfm);
•at the  end of the  run,  take the difference of the measured wet test meter
 and dry gas  meter  volumes; divide  the difference by  10, to get the leak
 rate.   The leak rate should not exceed  0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm).
      After each field use, the calibration of the metering system
 shall  be checked by performing three calibration runs at a single,
 intermediate orifice setting  (based on  the previous  field test), with
 the vacuum set at  the maximum value reached  during the  test series.
 To adjust the vacuum, insert  a valve between the wet test meter and
 the inlet of the metering system.   Calculate the average value of the
 calibration factor.  If the calibration has  changed  by  more than 5 per-
 cent, recalibrate  the meter over the full  range  of orifice settings, as
 outlined in APTD-0576.
      Alternative procedures,  e.g., using  the orifice meter coeffi-
 cients, Tiay be used, subject to the approval of  the  Administrator.
      Note:  If the dry gas meter coefficient values  obtained  before
 and after a test series differ by more  than  5 percent,  the test
 series shall either be voided, or calculations  for  the  test series
 shall be performed using whichever meter  coefficient value  (i.e.,
 before or after) gives the lower value  of total  sample  volume.
      5.4  Probe Heater Calibration.  The  probe  heating  system shall  be
 calibrated before its initial use in the  field  according to  the  pro-
 cedure outlined in APTD-0576.  Probes constructed according  to APTD-0581
 need not be calibrated if the calibration curves in APTD-0576 are  used.
      5.5  Temperature Gauges.  Use the procedure in Section 4.3  of
 Method 2  to calibrate in-stack temperature  gauges.   Dial thermometers,
                              203
-------
such as are used for the dry gas meter and condenser outlet, shall be



calibrated against mercury-in-glass thermometers.



     5.6  Leak Check of Metering System Shown in Figure 5-1.  That



portion of the sampling train from the pump to the orifice meter



should be leak checked prior to initial use and after each shipment.



Leakage after the pump will result in less volume  being recorded than



is actually sampled.  The following procedure is suggested (see



Figure 5-4):  Close the main valve on the meter box.  Insert a one-



hole rubber stopper with rubber tubing attached into the orifice



exhaust pipe.  Disconnect and vent the low side of the orifice manometer.



Close  off the low side orifice tap.  Pressurize the system to 13 to



18 cm  (5 to 7 in.) water column by blowing into the rubber tubing.



Pinch  off the tubing and observe the manometer for one minute.  A loss



of pressure on the manometer indicates a leak in the meter box; leaks,



if present, must be corrected.



     5.7  Barometer.  Calibrate against a mercury barometer.



6.  Calculations



     Carry  out calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal



figure beyond that  of the  acquired data.  Round off figures after



the final  calculation.   Other  forms of the equations may be used as



long  as  they  give equivalent results.



      6.1   Nomenclature.


                                                2    2
      A      = Cross-sectional  area of  nozzle, m  (ft  ).



      B      = Water vapor  in  the  gas  stream,  proportion by  volume.
       ws


      C      = Acetone  blank residue  concentration,  mg/g.
       a


      c      = Concentration of particulate matter  in  stack  gas,  dry



              basis,  corrected to standard conditions,  g/dscm (g/dscf).



      I      = Percent  of isokinetic  sampling.



                                  204
-------
ro
o
                    RUBBER
                    TUBING
                               RUBBER
                               STOPPER
ORIFICE
                                                                             VACUUM
                                                                              GAUGE
        BLOW INTO TUBING
        UNTIL MANOMETER
       READS 5 TO 7 INCHES
         WATER COLUMN
                            ORIFICE
                          MANOMETER
                                        MAIN VALVE
                                          CLOSED

                                     AIR-TIGHT
                                       PUMP
                                         Figure 5-4.  Leak check of meter box.
-------
L      = Maximum acceptable leakage rate for either a pretest
 a
         leak check or for a leak check following a component
         change; equal to 0.00057 m /min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent
         of the average sampling rate, whichever is less.
L.     = Individual leakage rate observed during the leak check
         conducted prior to the "i  " component change (i  = 1,
         2, 3. . . .n), m /min .Jcfm).
                  y
L      = Leakage rate observed during the post-test leak check,
         m' /min (cfm).
m      = Total  amount of particulate matter collected, mg.
M      = Molecular weight of water, 18.0 g/g-mole (18.0 Ib/lb-mole).
 w
m      = Mass of residue of acetone after evaporation, mg.
 a
P,     = Barometric pressure at the sampling site, mm Hg (in. Hg).
 oar
P      = Absolute  stack gas pressure, mm Hg (in. Hg).
P  d   = Standard  absolute  pressure, 760 mm Hg  (29.92 in. Hg).
R      = Ideal  gas constant, 0.06236 mm Hg-m3/°K-g-mole (21.85 in.
         Hg-ft3/°R-lb-mole).
T       = Absolute  average  dry  gas  meter temperature  (see  Figure 5-2),
          °
           K
 T       =  Absolute  average  stack  gas  temperature  (see Figure 5-2),
          °
           K
 T      =  Standard  absolute  temperature,  293°K  (528°R).
 V      =  Volume of acetone  blank,  ml.
  a
 V      =  Volume of acetone  used  in wash, ml.
                              206
-------
V-j     = Total volume of liquid collected in impingers and
         silica gel (see Figure 5-3), ml.
Vm     = Vo^ume °f 9as sample as measured by dry gas meter,
         dcm (dcf).
Vm(std)= Vo''ume °^ 9as sample measured by the dry gas meter,
         corrected to standard conditions, dscm (dscf).
V /   ,v= Volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected to
         standard conditions, scm (scf).
v      = Stack gas velocity, calculated by Method 2, Equation 2-9,
         using data obtained from Method 5, m/sec (ft/sec).
W      = Weight of residue in acetone wash, mg.
 a
Y      = Dry gas meter calibration factor.
AH     = Average pressure differential across the orifice meter
         (see Figure 5-2), mm HgO (in. H20).
p      = Density of acetone, mg/ml (see label on bottle).
 3
p      = Density of water, 0.9982 g/ml  (0.002201 lb/ml.).
 W
e      = Total sampling time, min.
e,     = Sampling  time interval, from the beginning of a run until
         the first component change, min.
6.     = Sampling  time interval, between  two successive  component
         changes,  beginning with the  interval  between  the  first
         and second  changes, min.
e      = Sampling  time interval, from the final  (n   )  component
         change  until the end  of the  sampling  run,  min.
                             207
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     13.6  = Specific gravity of mercury.
     60    = Sec/min.
     100   = Conversion to percent.
     6.2-  Average dry gas meter temperature and average orifice
pressure drop.  See data sheet (Figure 5-2).
     6.3  Dry Gas Volume.  Correct the sample volume measured by the
dry gas meter to standard conditions (20°C, 760 mm Hg or 68°F,
29.92 in. Hg) by using Equation 5-1.
    v       _ u Y I  std
    Vm(std) - VmYlT

                               std
*  K,V Y
                (AH/13.6)
                                                      Equation 5-1
where:
     KI = 0.3858 °K/mm Hg for metric units
        = 17.64 °R/in. Hg for English units
     Note:  Equation 5-1 can be used as written unless the leakage
rate observed during any of the mandatory leak checks O.e., the
post-test leak check or leak checks conducted prior to component
changes) exceeds L  .  If L_ or L. exceeds L , Equation 5-1 must be
                  a       p     i          a
modified as follows:
     (a)  Case I.   No component changes made during sampling run.  In
this case, replace  V  in Equation 5-1 with the expression:
                    m
          [V  - (L  - L ) 6]
            m     p    a
                                   208
-------
     (b)  Case II.  One or more component changes made during the


sampling run.  In this case, replace Vm in Equation 5-1 by the


expression:
     V* -  «1 -   2 (1-1 - L.) 6, - Up - L.) 6p]




and substitute only for those leakage rates (L^ or L ) which exceed
     6.4  Volume of water vapor.
                                                     Equation 5-2
      n ^ .I w w y    * ** V ' 'ui  / \ r ^ ^ /4 /     fc  ' **
                   \   / \ Stu /



where:



     K2 = 0.001333 m /ml for metric units



        = 0.04707 ft3/ml for English units.



     6.5  Moisture Content.
     Bwc  =  rj	'	          .             Equation 5-3

      ws     V       + Vw(std)
     Mote:  In saturated or water droplet-laden gas streams, two



calculations of the moisture content of the stack gas shall be made,



one from the impinger analysis '(Equation 5-3), and a second from the



assumption of saturated conditions.  The lower of the two values of



B   shall be considered correct.  The procedure for determining the
 W 5


moisture content based upon assumption of saturated conditions is



given in the Note of Section 1.2 of Method 4.  For the purposes of this



method,  the average stack gas temperature from Figure 5-2 may be used  to



make this determination, provided that the accuracy of the  in-stack


temperature sensor is +_ l°c (2°F).





                               209
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     6.6  Acetone Blank Concentration.
                 ma
     Ca     '  Va"a
     6.7  Acetone Wash Blank.
Wa  =  Ca Vaw pa
                                                    Equation 5-4
                                                         Equation  5-5
     6.8  Total Particulate Weight.   Determine the total  particulate
catch from the sum of the weights obtained from containers  1  and  2
less the acetone blank (see Figure 5-3).   Note:   Rfrfer to Section
4.1.5 to assist in calculation of results involving two or  more
filter assemblies or two or more sampling trains.
     6.9  Particulate Concentration.
c£  =  (0.001 g/mg)
6.10 Conversion Factors:
From
scf
g/ft3
g/ft3
J_£
m3
gr/ft
lb/ft
   3
     g/ft                    g/m
     6.11  Isokinetic Variation.
     6.11.1  Calculation From Raw Data.
                   lc
                            (V
                              m
                           60 9 v  P  A
                                 s  s  n
                                                         Equation 5-6
                                                Multiply by
                                                 0.02832
                                                15.43
                                                 2.205 x 10
                                                35.31
                                                                ~3
                                                         Equation 5-7
                                    210
-------
where:
     K. = 0.003454 mm Hg-m3/m1-°K for metric units
        = 0.002669 in. Hg-ft3/ml-°R for English units.
     6.11.2  Calculation From Intermediate Values.
                 Ts Vstd) Pstd 10°
                       'S
           Tstd
           <   Ps v           ws
where:
      K4  =  4.320  for  metric  units
         =  0.09450  for English  units.
      6.12  Acceptable Results.   If 90  percent  <_ I  <_ 110 percent, the
 results  are  acceptable.   If the  results  are  low in comparison to the
 standard  and I  is beyond the  acceptable range, or, if  I  is  less than
 90 percent,  the  Administrator  may opt  to accept the results.  Use
 Citation 4 to make judgments.   Otherwise, reject the results and repeat
 the test.
 7.  Bibliography
      1.   Addendum to Specifications for Incinerator Testing at  Federal
 Facilities.    PHS, NCAPC.  Dec. 6, 1967.
      2.   Martin, Robert M.  Construction Details of Isokinetic  Source-
 Sampling Equipment.  Environmental Protection Agency.  Research
 Triangle Park, N. C.  APTD-0581.  April, 1971.
      3.  Rom, Jerome J.  Maintenance, Calibration,  and Operation
 of  Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment.  Environmental  Protection
 Agency.   Research Triangle  Park,  N. C.   APTD-0576.   March,  1972.
                                211
-------
     4.   Smith, W. S., R. T. Shigehara, and W. F. Todd.  A Method
of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data.  Paper Presented at the
63d Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association,
St. -Louis, Mo.  June 14-19, 1970.
     5.   Smith, W. S., et al.  Stack Gas Sampling Improved and
Simplified With New Equipment.  APCA Paper No. 67-1-19.  1967.
     6.   Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities.
PHS, NCAPC.   1967.
     7.   Shigehara, R.T.  Adjustments in the EPA Nomograph for
Different  Pitot Tube Coefficients and Dry Molecular Weights.  Stack
Sampling News  2_:4-ll.  October, 1974.
     8.  Vollaro, R. F.  A  Survey of Commercially Available  Instrumentation
For  the Measurement of Low-Range Gas Velocities.  U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Emission Measurement Branch.  Research Triangle
Park, N.  C.   November, 1976  (unpublished paper).
     9.   Annual Book of ASTM  Standards.  Part  26.  Gaseous Fuels;
Coal and  Coke; Atmospheric  Analysis.  American Society  for Testing
and  Materials.  Philadelphia,  Pa.   1974.  pp.  617-622.
                                  212
-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
                              2.
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
 Analysis of State and  Federal  Participate and  Visible
 Emission Regulations for Combustion Sources
                  January 1982
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 David Dunbar, B.E. Blagun,  and Donald J. Henz
             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                  PN  3525-12
9. PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  PEDCo Environmental,  Inc.
  11499 Chester Road
  Cincinnati, Ohio  45246
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                  68-02-3512
                  Work Assignment No.  12
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Office of Air Quality  Planning & Standards
  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                  Final
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  U.S.  EPA Project Office  -  Kenneth R. Woodard
 16. ABSTRACT
  This  document provides  a  compilation of the  particulate and visible  emission
  limits from the State  Implementation Plans  (SIP's)  and Federal Standards  of
  Performance for New Stationary Sources that  are applicable to fuel combustion
  sources.   A comparison  of mass emission rates  along with a summary of  the
  mass  and visible emission regulations by state or territory is presented.
  This  document also provides our overview of  the emissions from boilers and
  the control techniques  typically being used  to meet the current SIP  require-
  ments.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                             COSATI Field/Group
  Air Pollution
  Combustion
  Opacity
  Particles
State  Implementation Plan
New Source  Performance
Standards
Emission Regulations
Visible Emissions
Particulate Emissions
13B
21B
14G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
                           21. NO. OF PAGES
212
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                              Unclassified
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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