NATIONAL EMISSIONS DATA SYSTEM
AREA -SOURCE INVENTORY
FOR THE STATE OF IOWA
PEDCo ENVIRONMENTAL
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NATIONAL EMISSIONS DATA SYSTEM
AREA SOURCE INVENTORY
FOR THE STATE OF IOWA
Prepared by
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc.
Suite 13, Atkinson Square
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
Contract No. 68-02-1001
Task Order No. 2
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
September 1, 1973
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This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection
Agency by PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-1001. The
contents of this report are reproduced herein as received
from the contractor. The opinions, findings, and conclusions
expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those
of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company
or product names is not to be considered as an endorsement
by the Environmental Protection Agency.
11
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This report was prepared for the Environmental
Protection Agency by PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc.,
Cincinnati, Ohio, under contract to the Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Mr. Donald J. Henz was the PEDCo Project Manager. The
author of the report was Mr. William R. Parker.
Mr. John Bosch was the Project Officer for the
Environmental Protection Agency, and Mr. Charles Mann was
Project Engineer. The author appreciates the contributions
made to this study by Mr. Joseph Lynch of the Environmental
Engineering Service, Iowa State Department of Health.
111
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 AREA SOURCE METHODS 3
2.1 County Information 3
2.2 Emission Estimates 3
2.3 Sulfur and Ash Content 3
2.4 Anthracite Coal 3
2.5 Bituminous Coal 4
2.6 Distillate Coal 7
2.7 Residual Oil 9
2.8 Natural Gas 9
2.9 Wood 10
2.10 Coke and Process Gas 11
2.11 Solid Waste 11
2.12 Gasoline Fuel 12
2.13 Diesel Fuel 13
2.14 County Population 14
2.15 Aircraft 14
2.16 Vessels 14
2.17 Evaporation 15
2.18 Measured Vehicle Miles 15
2.19 Dirt Roads Traveled 15
2.20 Dirt Air Strips 15
2.21 Construction Land Area 15
2.22 Rock Handing and Storing 16
2.23 Forest Fires 16
2.24 Slash Burning 16
2.25 Frost Control 16
2.26 Structure Fires 16
2.27 Coal Refuse Burning 17
REFERENCES 18
IV
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NATIONAL EMISSIONS DATA SYSTEM
AREA SOURCE INVENTORY
FOR THE STATE OF IOWA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Task was to complete National Emission
Data System (NEDS) forms for area source emissions for each
county in the state of Iowa. These forms are suitable for
/ key punching. Input data were obtained, insofar as possible,
from the appropriate state agencies and the state's Imple-
mentation Plan. Where agency data were insufficient to
complete the NEDS forms, entries were determined following
• ~t~V. i f fa\ -. , v • I /
procedures outlined in the.NEDS-Manual for area source
coding. Section 2.0 details the exact procedures used.
Figure 1.1 shows a NEDS area source coding form. The
procedures detailed in Section 2.0 follow the coding form
and refer to specific information fields thereon.
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State
1
2
County
3
4
5
0
AQCR
7
8
9
NATIONAL EMISSIONS DATA SYSTEM (NEDS)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
AREA SOURCE
Input Form
Date
Name of Person
Completing Form
Year
of
Record
10
11
Particulate
12
13
14
15
16
EMISSION ESTIMATES (102 tons)
S02
17
18
19
20
21
NO,
22
23
24
25
HC
26
27
28
29
30
CO
31
32
33
34
35
SULFUR CONTENT (%)
Anth.
Coal
36
4
37
Bitum.
Coal
38
I
39
L__
Dist.
Oil
40
- J
41
t
Resid
Oil
42
— J
43
i
ASH CONTENT (%)
Anth.
Coal
44
45
(
46
Bitum.
Coal
47
48
— t
49
\
Anth.
101 tons
50
51
52
53
Bitumin.
101 tons
54
55
56
57
58
RESIDENTIAL FUEL
Gist. Oil
104 Gal.
59
60
61
62
63
Resid. Oil
104 Gal.
64
65
66
67
68
/
Hat. Gas
107 ft*
69
70
71
72
73
Wood
'10? tons
74
75
76
77
c
o
•G
**.
78
A
79
A
cd
80
1
Anth.
10' tons
10
11
12
13
14
COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL
Bitumin.
10 ' tons
15
16
17
18
19
Dist. Oil
104 Gals.
20
21
22
23
24
ON SITE INCINERATION
Residential
10 1 tons
10
11
12
13
14
15
Industrial
102 tons
^6
17
18
19
20
Comm. Inst.
102 tons
21
22
23
24
Resid. Oil
101 Gals.
25
26
27
28
29
Nat. Gas
107 F(3
30
Resident
al
102 tons
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
Wood
102tons
34
35
Anth. Coal
10-1 tons
36
OPEN BURNING
Industrial
102 tons
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Bitum. Coal
10* tons
42
Comm'l- Instill.
102 tons
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
INDUSTRIAL FUEL
Coke
10 1 tons
48
49
BO
51
Dist. Oil
1C4 Gals.
52
53
54
GASOLINE FUEL
Light Vehicle .
103 Gals.
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Heavy Vehicle
103 Gals.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Resid. Oil
104 Gals.
fe
58
59
OH Hiway
103 Gals.
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
NaL Gas
10' Ft-3
62
63
64
65
6E
Wood Process Gas
102 tons
67
68
69
107 ft3
70
71
72
DIESEL FUEL
Heavy Vehicle
103 Gals.
60
61
62
63
64
Oil Hiway
10' Gals.
65
66
67
Rail (jcomotive
104 Gals.
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
County
Population
103
73
74
75
76
77
a
..&
o
77
C
O
O
«t
78
A
o
u
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2.0 AREA SOURCE METHODS
2.1 County Information
County and state identifying codes are defined by the
SAROAD system. The Air Quality Control Region (AQCR)
identifying numbers are taken from Appendix A, Ref. 1.
County population (Card 3, 73-76) was determined from
the 1970 Census of Population, Ref. 2. Urban population
from the same reference, along with the information on
Page 5-3 of Ref. 1 was used to determine the population
density code (Card 3, 77). All population figures were
projected to 1971 based on the 1960-1970 population trend,
(Ref. 2).
2.2 Emission Estimates (Card 1, 12-35)
The state implementation plan emission inventory was
the source of the emission estimates. These numbers were
supplied to PEDCo by the Project Officer.
2.3 Sulfur and Ash Content (Card 1, 36-49)
Average sulfur and ash content was calculated by
the Iowa state agency. These values were obtained by
averaging point source fuel throughout the state.
2.4 Anthracite Coal
There is no anthracite coal used in Iowa. Zeros
were entered in the NEDS forms for all three source
categories.
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2.5 Bituminous Coal
State totals for bituminous coal were obtained from
Bureau of Mines data (Ref. 3). These totals were assigned
to the three source categories in the individual counties
by methods outlined in Ref. 1.
2.5.1 Residential Usage (Card 1, 54-58) - All the coal
burned for residential use in Iowa is bituminous.
The total state dwelling units (D.U.) heating with
coal were obtained from the 1970 Census of Housing (Ref. 4)
The heating requirement factor for coal is 0.0012 ton coal
per dwelling unit per degree-days (Ref. 1). The average
annual heating degree days were obtained from Table 2.1.
Total residential usage is 106,573 tons/yr calculated as
follows:
Total tons/yr residential coal = no. state D.U. using
coal x state average degree days x 0.0012
The total was apportioned to counties by the number
of dwelling units using coal (Ref. 4) and degree days
(See Table 2.1) ..
Total residential coal x County degree days
State average degree days
x No. county D.U. using coal . / / 4.
No. state D.U. using coal = tons/yr/county
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TABLE 2.1 - COMPILATION OF AVERAGE
ANNUAL DEGREE-DAYS BY COUNTY
FOR THE STATE OF IOWA
COUNTY
Adair
Adams
Allamaker
Appanoose
Audubon
Benton
Black Hawk
Boone
Bremer
Buchanan
Buena Vista
Butler
Calhoun
Carroll
Cass
Cedar
Cerro Gordo
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Clarke
Clay
Clayton
Clinton
Crawford
Dallas
Davis
Decatur
Delaware
Des Moines
Dickinson
Dubuque
Emmet
Fayette
Floyd
Franklin
Fremont
Greene
DEGREE
DAYS
6450
6300
7500
6000
6700
6800
7200
6800
7250
7200
7250
7250
7000
6800
6500
6500
7500
7250
7500
6250
7500 .
7450
6500
6750
6550
5950
6200
7200
6000
7500
7200
7500
7450
7500
7250
5950
6800
COUNTY
Grundy
Guthrie
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Harrison
Henry
Howard
Humbolt
Ida
Iowa
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Johnson
Jones
Keokuk
Kossuth
Lee
Linn
Louisa
Lucas
Lyon
Madison
Mahaska
Marion
Marshall
Mills
Mitchell
Monona
Monroe
Montgomery
Musclatine
O'Brien
Osceola
Page
Palo Alto
DEGREE
DAYS
7100
6700
7100
7500
7100
6500
6000
7500
7250
7000
6500
6750
6500
6000
6500
6800
6250
7500
5950
6800
6250
6250
7500
6450
6250
6300
6800
6100
7500
6750
6150
6250
6350
7500
7500
6000
7500
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TABLE 2.1 - COMPILATION OF AVERAGE
ANNUAL DEGREE-DAYS BY COUNTY
FOR THE STATE OF IOWA
(continued)
COUNTY
DEGREE COUNTY
DAYS
DEGREE
DAYS
Plymouth 7250
Pocahantas 7250
Polk 6500
Pottawattamie 6350
Poweshiek 6500
Ringgold 6200
Sac 7000
Scott 6450
Sioux 7500
Story 6800
Tama 6900
Taylor 6100
Union
Van Buren
Wapello
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Winneshiek
Woodbury
Worth
Wright
6300
5950
6150
6400
6250
6100
7100
7500
7000
7500
7250
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2.5.2 Commercial and Institutional Usage (Card 2, 15-19) -
The method described in Ref. 1 was used. Commercial and
institutional usage is equal to total retail dealers
sales less residential usage.
Retail dealers sales 210,000 ton/yr (Ref. 3)
Less residential bituminous 106,573 ton/yr (Sec. 2.5.2)
Commercial-institutional
bituminous = 103,427 ton/yr
This total was apportioned to counties by population
(Ref. 2) .
County commercial-institutional, ton/yr
=103,426 x County population
State population
2.5.3 Industrial Usage (Card 2, 42-47) - All industrial
fuel usage in Iowa is accounted for in the point source
inventory.
2,6 Distillate Oil
Data was obtained from Ref. 5 for state totals and
the methods described in Ref. 1 were used to calculate
county usage for each category.
2.6.1 Residential Usage (Card 1, 59-63) - The number of
county dwelling units using oil was taken from Ref. 4.
The heating requirement factor for distillate oil is 0.18
gallon per dwelling unit-degree day (Ref. 1, pg. 5-10).
County consumption was calculated similar to the method
previously used for coal, (See Sec. 2.5.1).
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2.6.2. Commercial and Institutional Usage (Card 2, 20-24)
The following data were taken from Ref. 5:
Use 103 gal
Railroads 5,503
Vessel 798
Military 378
On-highway 165,522
Off-highway 76,608
Oil company _3 ,10 8
Total (Ref. 5) 251,917
A total of 238,220 X 103 gal of distillate oil was
assigned to residental fuel for heating (Sec. 2.6.1.) and
the Iowa state agency assigned 106,206 X 103 gal as point
source consumption.
Total assigned consumption:
Category 103 gal
Ref. 5 251,917
Residential fuel 238,220
Point sources 106,206
Total 596,343
Total distillate oil (Ref.5) 598,164
Less assigned oil 596,343
Total commercial-
institutional dist. oil 1,821
The 1,821,000 gal were apportioned to the counties
by population.
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2.6.3 Industrial Usage (Card 2, 52-56) - All industrial
fuel usage in Iowa is accounted for in the point source
inventory.
2.7 Residual Oil
Total state consumption was obtained from Bureau of
Mines data, Ref. 5, and the methods described in Ref. 1
were followed.
2.7.1 Residential Usage (Card 1, 64-68) - No data were
available to indicate any residential usage. Zero was
entered for all counties.
2.7.2 Commercial and Institutional Usage (Card 2, 25-29) -
The total state consumption for this category was 17,262
x 10 gallons (Ref. 5). From the state emission inventory,
point source consumption was 35,940 x 10 gallons, more
than the total from Ref. 5. Therefore, it was assumed
that there was no commercial-institutional area source
consumption and zero was entered in the NEDS forms for
all counties.
2.7.3 Industrial Usage - All industrial fuel usage in
Iowa is accounted for in the point source inventory.
2. 8 Natural Gas -. •
Total state consumption by type of consumer was
supplied by the Iowa state agency.
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9
Total consumption by state 319,3 x 10 CF
Residential 95,3 x 109 CF
q
Commercial & Institutional . 57,0 x 10 CF
Industrial 142,3 x 109 CF
Other , 24,7 x 109 CF
2.8.1 Residential Usage (Card 1, 69-73) - Total state
natural gas consumption is apportioned to counties using
the number of dwelling units using gas and county degree
days.
9
Residential natural gas = 95.3 x 10
Co. D.U. using natural gas or LPG
State D.U. using natural gas
Co. degree days
Avg. state degree days
2.8.2 Commercial and Institutional Usage (Card 2, 30-33) -
The area source total consumption for the state was
apportioned to the counties by population and degree days.
9
:County comm. & instit. natural gas = 57 x 10
Co. pop. Co. degree days
State pop. Avg. state degree days
2.9 Wood (Card 1, 74-77)
Residential wood usage was calculated using the method
prescribed in Ref. 1.
0.0017 (Ref. 1) x County D.U. using wood
x degree days = tons/yr
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There were no data available to indicate the use of
wood fuel by commercial, institutional, or industrial
area sources. Thus, zero was entered in the appropriate
columns.
2.10 Coke and Process Gas
In the absence of data to the contrary, it was
assumed that no coke or process gas could be attributed
to area sources. Zeros were entered in the NEDS forms.
2.11 Solid Waste
2.11.1 On-Site Incineration - Tonnages were based on
factors supplied by the state agency. These factors are
as follows:
Residential - None
Industrial - 3 Ibs/person/day
Comm. & instit. - 0.75 Ib/person/day
2.11.2 Open Burning (Card 3, 25-42) - Open burning
tonnages were based on factors supplied by the state
agency. These factors are as follows:
Residential:
Urban 2 Ib/person/day
Rural 1.5 Ib/person/day
Industrial zero
Comm. & instit. zero
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2.12 Gasoline Fuel
This source category includes all gasoline-powered
vehicles used both off-highway and on-highway.
2.12.1 Off-Highway Usage (Card 3, 55-59) - The quantity
of off-highway gasoline used in each county was calculated
by Method 1 outlined in Ref. 1, using the following
factors:
Tractors 1000 gal/yr/tractor
Other 12 gal/yr/capita
The number of tractors per county was obtained from
Ref. 9. It was assumed that 60 percent of all tractors
are gasoline powered.
2.12.2 On-Highway Light Vehicle Usage (Card 3, 43-49) -
Methods 2 and 3 of Ref. 1, based on the state gasoline
sales data supplied by the state, were used. The net on-
highway gasoline consumed in each county was obtained by
subtracting the state total off-highway consumption from
the state gasoline sales total and apportioned to counties
by population. Vehicle miles of travel (VMT) were then
calculated assuming an average of 12.2 miles per gallon.
It was further, assumed that light vehicles accounted for
89 percent of the VMT and averaged 13.6 miles per gallon.
2.12.3 On-Highway Heavy Vehicle Usage (Card 3, 65*-67) -
Continuing with Methods 2 and 3 of Ref. 1, the heavy-
vehicle gasoline usage was calculated assuming that
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11 percent of the VMT are heavy vehicle miles and
gasoline consumption is at the rate of 8.4 miles per
gallon.
2.13 Diesel Fuel
2.13.1 Heavy Vehicle Usage (Card 3, 60-64) - Heavy
vehicle miles and county diesel fuel sales were not
available. State total diesel fuel sales for on-highway
use was obtained from Table 14, Ref. 5, "On-Highway
Diesel".
State total = 3,941,000 bbl x 42 gal/bbl
= 165,552,000 gal
Assuming diesel consumption to be proportional to
population, the state total diesel sales was apportioned
to the counties. County population information was
obtained from Ref. 2.
2.13.2 Off-Highway Usage (Card 3, 65-67) - Using Method
1 of Ref. 1, the diesel fuel usage by farm tractors is
the product of the number of tractors in the .county (Ref. 7)
x 1000 gallon per tractor/year. The total farm tractor . •
population is made up of 60' percent gasoline tractors, 35
percent diesel tractors and 5 percent LPG tractors.
Total consumption of off-highway diesel fuel is
76,608,000 gal (Ref. 5). However, if 1000 gal per year
were assigned to each diesel tractor in the state, con-
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sumption would exceed 76,608,000 gal. Further, there
was no major construction project in the state during
1971. Therefore, it is assumed that all off-highway
diesel fuel is used in direct proportion to the county's
tractor population (Ref.. 7) .
2.13.4 Rail Locomotive Usage (Card 3, 68-72) - The
diesel fuel used by railroads was taken from Ref. 5.
These quantities were calculated by apportioning state
total usage according to the number of railroad employees
in each region.
2 .14 County Population
County population was projected for 1971 based on
1960-1970 trend (Ref. 2). See Sec. 2.1.
2.15 Aircraft (Card 3, 10-23)
Aircraft operations were obtained from Ref. 7,
Table 41 and military operations were obtained from Ref.
7; Table 38.
2.16 Vessels (Card 4f 24-40)
There were insufficient data in "Waterborne Commerce
of the United States", (Department of the Army Corps of
Engineers), to calculate fuel consumption, therefore
these columns were left blank.
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2.17 Evaporation (Card 4, 41-51)
Solvent usage was estimated from the graduated
scale based on county population recommended in Ref. 1,
Table 5-2. Total solvent purchased (Card 4, 41-46) is
the sum of dry cleaning and other calculated usage.
Gasoline marketed was the sum of light vehicle,
heavy vehicle and off-highway consumption, (Card 3,
43-59). See Sec. 2.12.
2.18 Me'asured Vehicle Miles
No measured data are available for the state of
Iowa. Therefore these columns were left blank.
2.19 Dirt Roads Traveled
This information was not available from any state
agency. Therefore, these columns were left blank.
2.20 Dirt Air Strips
This information was obtained from Ref. 7, Tables
41, A-l, A-2, and A-3.
2.21 Construction Land Area
There were no major construction projects in the
state during 1971 (Ref. State Agency). Severe soil
erosion can take place due to improper agricultural
tilling practices, however. It was determined that
five percent of total acreage tilled was subject to
severe soil erosion. Acreage tilled was obtained from
Ref. 8.
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2.22 Rock Handing and Storing (Card 5, 27-31)
All rock handing and storage in the state of Iowa
is entered in point sources. Zeros were entered in the
area source NEDS forms.
2.23 Forest Fires
Information for this category was obtained from
Mr. William Ferris of the Iowa Forest Service. There
were 955 acres burned throughout the state in 1971.
This acreage was apportioned to those counties having
forested areas.
Quantity burned was calculated using (Ref. 1),
assuming type of area burned to be thinly forested or
brushy.
2.24 Slash Burning (Card 5, 42-50)
Information for this category was obtained from Mr.
William Ferris of the Iowa Forest Service. There were
6>544 acres of grass fires in 1971; this was apportioned
to those counties having no forested areas. Quantity
burned was assumed to be 2.5 tons/acre, (Ref. 1).
2.25 Frost Control
The state agency stated there isn't any frost control
in Iowa. Zeros were entered in the NEDS forms.
2.26 Structure Fires (Card 5, 58-61)
It was assumed that structural fires averaged four
fires per 1000 population, (Ref. 1). No other information
was available for the state of Iowa.
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2.27 Coal Refuse Burning
There is no coal refuse burning in Iowa. Zeros
were entered in the NEDS forms.
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REFERENCES
Guide for Compiling a Comprehensive Emission Inventory.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina. Publication No. APTD-1135.
1970 Census of Population, "Number of Inhabitants."
PC-A series. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
Census. Washington, D.C. 1970.
Minerals Yearbook. U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. 1970.
1970 Census of Housing, "Detailed Housing Character-
istics." HC-B series. U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of Census. Washington, D.C. 1970.
Mineral Industry Surveys, "Sales of Fuel Oil and
Kerosene." U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Mines. Washington, D.C. 1970.
1972 Statistical Profile of Iowa. Iowa Development
Commission.
1969 Census of Agriculture. Volume 1 Area Reports.
Part 16 Iowa. U.S. Department of Commerce.
State Airport System Plan. Volume 11: Technical
Supplement Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State
University. November 1972.
Iowa Annual Farm Census 1971. Iowa Department of
Agriculture Statistics. Bulletin No. 92-AG.
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