EPA-450/3-74-017
FEBRUARY 1974
POINT SOURCE EMISSION
INVENTORY FOR CALIFORNIA
(EXCLUDING THE COUNTY
OF LOS ANGELES)
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Water Programs
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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EPA-450/3-74-017
POINT SOURCE EMISSION INVENTORY
FOR CALIFORNIA
(EXCLUDING THE COUNTY
OF LOS ANGELES)
by
Arnold Stein
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc.
2932 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 202,
Santa Monica, California 90403
Contract No. 68-02-1004
Task Order No. 1
EPA Project Officers:
Lloyd Kostow and Charles Mann
Prepared for
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Water Programs
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
February 1974
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This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report technical
data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are available free of
charge to Federal employees, current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit
organizations - as supplies permit - from the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711, or from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by Pacific
Environmental Services, Inc. , Santa Monica, California, in fulfillment of Contract
No. 68-02-1004. The contents of this report are reproduced herein as received
from Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. The opinions, findings, and conclusions
expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Environmental
Protection Agency. Mention of company or product names is not to be considered
as an endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Publication No. EPA-450/3-74-017
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Ill
POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOR THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
(EXCLUDING THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . .
ABSTRACT
SECTION I:
SECTION II:
SECTION III:
SECTION IV:
SECTION V:
SECTION VI:
SECTION VII:
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
GENERAL PROCEDURE
ASSUMPTIONS
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
RESULTS 8
FUTURE WORK . . . . • 8
VI
1
1
1
A
7
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The California Air Resources Board and many local air
pollution control districts cooperated in gathering the emission
inventory data needed in this project. We are especially
grateful for the assistance given us by Messrs. Bill Wood, Howard
Linnard, and.Harmon Wong Woo, and many others of the ARB and of
the local APCDs.
The Environmental Protection Agency has been helpful in
answering many questions regarding procedures and in rapidly
supplying needed materials. Mr. Charles Mann, in particular,
has offered many helpful suggestions. Others who contributed to
the completion of this project include Ms. Claudia Gunning and
Messrs. Lloyd Kostow and Jake Summers.
Arnold Stein
Project Manager
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ABSTRACT
The results of the emissions inventory for the State of California,
excluding the County of Los Angeles, are presented. Emissions of air
contaminants from point sources discharging more than one hundred
(100) tons per year of either particulate matter, sulfur dioxide,
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen oxides were quantified.
The emissions data were assembled in a suitable format for use in
completing the National Emissions Data Systems forms and presented
in computer readout form.
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SECTION I; INTRODUCTION
Pacific Environmental Services (PES) was awarded a task order
under EPA contract #68-02-1004, (Task Order No. 1), to update and
complete the emissions inventory for the State of California through
calendar year 1972, excluding Los Angeles County. Emissions data
for point sources exceeding one hundred (100) tons per year (TPY)
of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons,
and carbon monoxide were collected and encoded on the National
Emissions Data System (NEDS) forms.
These data represent the best available information from the
California Air Resources Board (ARE) and local Air Pollution Control
Districts (APCD).
SECTION II; STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The National Air Data Branch (NADB) of EPA recognized that the
inventory of emissions of the five primary air contaminants for
the State of California was incomplete and that a sizeable number
of source entries contained questionable data. To remedy this
situation, a project to update and upgrade the emission inventory
of 1969-1971 for the State, excluding the County of Los Angeles,
was initiated. The principle objective of the program was to
secure an inventory as defined by the National Emissions Data
System, of all sources emitting in excess of 100 TPY of any of the
aforementioned contaminants. This was to be accomplished by the
collection of emissions values and engineering parameters of processes
and equipment from various air pollution agencies throughout the
State and encoding the information on NEDS forms.
SECTION III; GENERAL PROCEDURES
The guidelines employed for the implementation of this project
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were received by PES during the initial meeting held at EPA
Region IX headquarters in April, 1973. The portion of the
inventory to be evaluated included point sources discharging
more than one hundred (100) tons per year of any one of the
five primary pollutants. The emissions estimated from the earlier
survey covered the period of 1969 through 1971.
As an aid in determining the overall scope of the problem,
three reports were generated from a tape of the earlier survey
using PES proprietary software. One report contained the overall
emissions survey data, the second reported the sources that
emit more than one hundred (100) tons per year of any one of the
primary pollutants, and the third reported sources with incomplete
data. These reports provided a quick reference for field and
office work as well as a ready follow up file.
In order to systematically compile the emissions estimates
and engineering details for the inventory, the ARE agreed to a
procedure that would avoid duplication of effort. It required
the ARE to make available records resulting from their assistance
to local agencies, encouraged the larger Districts to deal directly
with PES and for PES to assist the Districts and the ARE whenever
necessary to complete a specified inventory. As a result of these
activities the data were collected in the following manner:
1) ARE collected data and forwarded the completed reports
to PES: this covered 34 county agencies.
2) ARE and local agencies collected and developed data on
a cooperative basis and forwarded completed copies to
PES: this covered 13 county agencies.
3) Local agencies completed their own data and forwarded
copies to PES. This covered 7 county agencies.
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4) PES collected data from the local agencies and completed
the NEDS encoding for 5 county agencies.
5) A fifth course of action became necessary due to lack
of cooperation from the Riverside County APCD. The
Enforcement Division of EPA Region IX surveyed indus-
trial installations by sending OMB form //158-R75 to
the management of these companies and forwarding the
data to PES.
In order to expedite the flow of information, some agencies
were contacted by phone. All estimates were summarily reviewed
for missing and obviously erroneous information and errors in
calculations.
Encoding of the data followed the general instructions pre-
sented in the Revised Guide for Compiling a Comprehensive Emissions
Inventory (APTD-1135) and in special memoranda received from NADB.
New estimates received by PES were compared with the initial
inventory to determine if the information was an update or if it
represented sources not previously reported.
In the event of an update requirement the material was entered
according to the required NEDS update procedures, which defined the
methods for deletions, changes, and additions to existing information.
These procedures had been outlined for PES during telephone conver-
sations and written correspondence with NADB in May, 1973. If it
was determined that the data were new, additional NEDS forms were
completed. Special coding problems were discussed in telephone
conversations and confirmed by mail.
Upon completion of encoding, the NEDS forms were checked
against the original inventory printout. These quality control
reviews were divided into three categories:
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1) Check of emission calculations
2) Check of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates
3) Check of the form for correct computer entries and
overall accuracy.
The original forms were duplicated and mailed to NADB.
SECTION IV: ASSUMPTIONS
Essentially there were two types of assumptions made during
the preparation of the inventory: A) General Assumptions and
B) Technical Assumptions.
A) General Assumptions:
1) All information submitted was assumed to be valid.
The estimates thus provided by the Districts and
the ARE were spot-checked for internal consistency.
Complete checks were made only on data sets where
the random samples showed significant errors.
2) The local agency was assumed to know what information
was required from a firm for satisfactory encoding
of a NEDS form.
B) Technical Assumptions:
1) In cases where a common metering system is used to
serve a number of pieces of equipment, the feed rate
as well as the emissions from the devices were prorated
based upon the size of the unit and hours of operation.
For example, a cement plant with an input rate of 100,000
TPY from 4 kilns of equal size was prorated showing
kilns //I through 4 each operating at 25,000 TPY all with
equal emissions rates. This was applied to other similar
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operations where multiple pieces of equipment form a
processing or production system.
2) In cases where the information provided showed two
rates of fuel utilization from a boiler, based on
either natural gas or fuel oil combustion, the
larger of the two values was used in encoding.
3) In considering stack data where a range of values
was given, the larger value was reported. For
example, if a basic oxygen steel furnace had a stack
velocity listed as 260,000 to 290,000 cfm, the rate
of 290,000 cfm was used. If the stack exit temperature
of a cement kiln ranged from 230 to 260 F the temper-
ature of 260 F was reported. Also if no information
was available to the contrary a source was considered
to have its own stack.
4) When combining a process and the process fuel on one
NEDS form, the process Source Classification Code (SCC)
was assumed to be dominant. There are two exceptions
to this procedure which are:
a) In completing Card 4 on the NEDS form the emissions
recorded are the total of each pollutant from a process
plus the corresponding pollutant from the fuel for that
process. For example, emissions from a cement kiln:
Kiln Fuel 'Entered on Card 4
Particulates 400 10 410
Sulfur dioxide 00 0
Oxides of Nitrogen 800 0 800
Hydrocarbons 0 10 10
Carbon monoxide 50 5
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5) When emission data were not provided, EPA emission factors
were .used. Emission factor documents supplied by EPA
included:
a) "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors -
AP42", February 1972 - Received April 1973.
b) Ibid - Second Edition April 1973 - Received July 1973.
c) "NEDS Source Classification Code (SCC) Factor Report",
December 1972 - Received June 1973.
d) Computer printout showing additional SCC's and emission
factors for cleaning solvents, surface coating opera-
tions, petroleum marketing operations - Received
August 7,1973.
In general, the latest information from NADB was applied
to arrive at emissions estimates. However, engineering
judgement was used to determine which document was to be
used based on knowledge of the process or operation.
When there was a question which could not be settled in
house, it was discussed with the Project Officer at NADB
for resolution.
6) Processes which were designated as being in series and
operations which integrated several processes were generally
assumed to function as a single unit when process informa-
tion was not clear. For example, primary, secondary and
tertiary-crushing in a stone quarry were treated as one source.
7) Where information was incomplete and no additional data
were forthcoming, assumptions were made to encode data
based on engineering experience gained in the operation
or observation of similar process and equipment.
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For example, the operating temperature of a baghouse
serving a grey iron cupola was not given. Based upon
previous experience and the assumption that silicone
glass bags are used in the control device a temperature
estimate of 250Twas used.
SECTION V; PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
The availability of descriptive data and calculated or measured
values necessary for the completion of the inventory forms presented
the biggest problem in this project. Many business establishments
do not maintain these data or lack the qualified personnel to search
records and files to compile this information. Therefore it was
necessary to use estimates and other empirical methods to arrive
at valid estimates.
The need to rely upon the agencies to request supplementary data
from the firms concerned, rather than for PES to contact them directly,
significantly extended the time required to complete a set of forms
where these data were missing.
In dealing directly with the APCD's, many calls and visits were
necessary to complete the individual county inventories. Data re-
ceived were often incomplete, would not stand up under routine
engineering checks and occasionally contained sufficient arithmetical
errors to warrant recalculating all of the estimates.
Riverside County APCD was completely uncooperative by failing
to accept or to keep appointments for interviews or data transmittals.
This county was finally surveyed by EPA Region IX Enforcement Division
and the data thus received forwarded to PES for encoding. These data,
however, were also found to be inaccurate and incomplete necessitating
considerable additional recontact work, which is to be accomplished
by EPA.
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This survey would not have been possible without the support
of local agencies and the ARE. Their cooperation and efforts were
greatly appreciated. However, they did have some problems which
contributed to a slowdown in data procurement. The small local
agencies needed extensive help from the ARE or PES personnel to
compile the raw data. In the case of the ARE the need to supply
this kind of aid was an added burden for the already overloaded
staff.
SECTION VI: RESULTS
At the completion of encoding, seven hundred-fifty-four (754)
NEDS forms were filed based on reports covering 241 plants through-
out the state of California excluding Los Angeles County. These
forms were submitted to NADB and are the deliverable product of
this project.
SECTION VII: FUTURE WORK
Task Order //3 of the Basic Ordering Agreement covering this
effort will complete the inventory for the entire State, including
Los Angeles County. It will also provide an inventory of sources
between 25 TPY and 100 TPY, completion of the 100 TPY inventory
and a machine readable data base from the Los Angeles County Air
Pollution Control District's data processing system.
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9 v
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-450/3-74-017
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Point Source Emission Inventory for California
(Excluding the County of Los Angeles)
7. AUTHOh(S)
Arnold Stein
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc.
2932 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 202
Santa Monica, California 90403
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IX
100 California St.
San Francisco, California 94111
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI*NO.
5. REPORT DATE
February 1974
. 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
2A4136
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1004, Task Order Ho.'
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
p-j n^l
14. SP6rtSovR'lNG AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Results of the emissions inventory for California excluding Los Angeles
County are presented. Point source air pollutant emissions from those sources
emitting more than 100 tons per year were quantified. The emissions data were
reported on National Emissions Data System Forms.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b.lDENTIFI
Emission Inventory
Point Sources
California
Pollutants
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURI
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ERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS c. COSATI licltl/( iroup
TY CLAS.S (This Report 1 21. NO OF PAGES
assified 16
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