SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT
Volume II - Data Report
by
E. John Finnemore, Ph.D.
John L. Shepherd
Systems Control, Inc., Palo Alto, California
for the
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Contract No. 68-01-0756
October 1974
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency
and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commer-
cial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
Three existing mathematical models, capable of representing water quality
in rivers and lakes, have been modified and adapted to the Spokane River
Basin in Washington and Idaho. The resulting-models were named the Steady-
state Stream Model, the Dynamic Stream Model, and the Stratified Reservoir
Model. They are capable of predicting water quality levels resulting from
alternative basinwide wastewater management schemes, and are designed to
assist EPA, State, and local planning organizations to evaluate water qual-
ity management strategies and to establish priorities and schedules for
investments in abatement facilities in the basin.
Physical data and historical hydrologic, water quality and meteorologic
data were collected, assessed and used for the model calibrations and
verifications.
The modified models are all capable of simulating the behavior of various
subsets of up to sixteen different water quality constituents. Sensitivity
analyses were conducted with all three models to determine the relative
importance of a number of individual model parameters.
The models were provided to the EPA as computer source card decks in
FORTRAN IV language, with accompanying data decks. All development work
on, and applications made with, these models were fully documented so as
to permit their easy utilization and duplication of historical simulations
by other potential users. A user's manual with a complete program listing
was prepared for each model.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-01-0756 under
the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency.
The titles and identifying numbers of the final report volumes are:
Title EPA Report No.
SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT DOC /74
Volume I - Final Report
SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT DOC /74
Volume II - Data Report
SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT DOC /74
Volume III - Verification Report
SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT DOC /74
Volume IV - User's Manual for Steady-state Stream Model
SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT ' DOC /74
Volume V - User's Manual for Dynamic Stream Model
SPOKANE RIVER BASIN MODEL PROJECT DOC /74
Volume VI - User's Manual for Stratified Reservoir Model
iii
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CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION ..... 1
Presentation Format 1
Background 1
II SPOKANE RIVER NETWORK 3
III DATA REQUIREMENTS AND ACQUISITION 19
Data Needs 19
DOSAG 19
SWMM 23
DRM 23
Data Collection 24
Data Survey 25
Requests for Data 25
Special Solicitation of Critical Data ... 25
Data Availability 26
Type and Quality Received 26
Network Schematics 26
Data Deficiencies 28
IV DATA ASSESSMENT 41
Validity 41
Selection of Simulation Periods: Rivers 41
Recommended Simulation Periods: Rivers 43
Selection of Simulation Periods: takes 80
Recommended Simulation Periods: Lakes 80
V DATA PROCESSING 95
APPENDIX I QUESTIONNAIRE AND FOLLOW-UP LETTER 97
APPENDIX II REPRODUCTION OF DATA USED 115
APPENDIX III LOCATIONS OF LAKE SAMPLING STATIONS 165
APPENDIX IV RELATED PLANNED AND CURRENT STUDIES 169
APPENDIX V BIBLIOGRAPHY 173
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NO.
FIGURES (Continued)
20 Low Flow Data Points Region 4 58
21 Low Flow Data Points Region 5 59
22 Low Flow Hydrograph, -Region 1 (1970 - 1971) 62
23 Low Flow Hydrograph, Region 3 (1969 - 1970) 63
24 Low Flow Hydrograph, Region 3 (1971) 64
25 Low Flow Hydrograph, Region 4 (1968) 65
26 Low Flow Hydrograph, Region 5 (1970 - 1971) 66
vii
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TABLES
NO. PAGE
1 Data Summary: Needs, Availability, Deficiencies . . 20
2 Data Availability and Deficiency by River Segment . 28
3 Effluent Data Inventory 37
4 Deficiencies in Water Quality Constituents Data . . 39
5 Estimates of Ground Water Inflows 42
6 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #1 (St. Joe River) 1969 - 1970 .... 45
7 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #2 (St. Joe River) 1971 46
8 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #2 (Coeur d'Alene River) 1969 47
9 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #2 (Coeur d'Alene River) 1970 48
10 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #2 (Coeur d'Alene River) 1971 49
11 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #3 (Spokane River) 1969 50
12 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #3 (Spokane River) 1970 - 1971 .... 51
13 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #4 (Little Spokane River) 1968 - 1971 . 52
14 Water Quality Data Availability
River Region #5 (Spokane River) 1969 - 1971 .... 53
15 Steady-State Flow Periods 60
16 Water Quality Stability
River Region #1 - 1970 & 1971 67
17 Water Quality Stability
River Region #2 - 1969 68
viii
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TABLES (Continued)
NO. - PAGE
18 Water Quality Stability
River Region #2 - 1969 71
19 Water Quality Stability
River Region #3 - 1969 - 1971 74
20 Water Quality Stability
River Region #4 - 1968 & 1971 76
21 Water Quality Stability
River Region #5 - 1970 & 1971 78
22 Data Availability
Long Lake - 1966 81
23 Data Availability
Long Lake - 1969 82
24 Data Availability
Long Lake - 1970 83
25 Data Availability
Long Lake - 1971 84
26 Data Availability
Long Lake - 1972 . . . 85
27 Data Availability
Spokane R. Arm of FDR Lake - 1970 86
28 Data Availability
Spokane R. Arm of FDR Lake - 1971 87
29 Data Availability
Spokane R. Arm of FDR Lake - 1972 88
30 Data Availability
Coeur d'Alene Lake - 1969 89
31 Data Availability
Coeur d'Alene Lake - 1970 90
32 Data Availability
Coeur d'Alene Lake - 1971 91
33 Data Availability
Coeur d'Alene Lake - 1972 92
ix
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
Under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency,
Systems Control, Inc. has modified and adapted to the principal
rivers and lakes of the Spokane River Basin three existing math-
matical water quality models.
This Data Report, Volume II in a series of six volumes documenting
the project, describes the data assembly, assessment, categorization,
and processing techniques used.
PRESENTATION FORMAT
This report is organized into four main sections. The first section
describes the data assembly phase of the project including data needs
for the models, the procedure employed in collecting data throughout
the study area and the availability of data which resulted from this
collection. The data particularly sought was that required to verify
the DOSAG and Storm Water Management Models (SWMM), and the Deep
Reservoir Model (DRM). In addition to the STORET data which was readily
obtained, a large quantity of miscellaneous information and data on the
Spokane River Basin was received.
The second section of the report deals with the assessment of the data.
An assessment determined that there were several reports which contribu-
ted useful information in addition to that entered on STORET. Some docu-
ments of importance to planners, though not to this project, were re-
ceived as well and have been included in the Bibliography. Once the
assessment was completed, a selection of the simulation periods for each
region based primarily on water quality and stream flow data availability
was made.
The third section of the report describes the data processing techniques
and results. A categorized bibliography of all data-related information
received on the Spokane River Basin has been included as the fourth re-
port section. This bibliography indicates those documents which were
found to be useful on this project and will likely be of value to future
users of the improved models.
Since this report was a deliverable required during the earlier stages
of the project, it was written in January 1973.
BACKGROUND
As concern about environmental problems has grown in recent years there
has been a great expansion in efforts to collect and tabulate streamflow
and water quality data. Consequently, it is now becoming practicable to
use mathematical models to simulate water quality with presently avail-
able data. These models use mathematical relations to describe both the
river's flow and the interrelationships between water quality constituents
throughout the river.
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The area included in this study consists of all or portions of the
Spokane, Little Spokane, Hangman Creek, Coeur d'Alene, St. Joe, and
St. Maries Rivers, and Long Lake, Coeur d'Alene Lake, and the Spokane
arm of Roosevelt Lake. Within this area, the South Fork Coeur d'Alene
River and the Spokane River in the vicinity of Spokane have the most
severe water quality problems.
The South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River traverses a large mining,
smelting, and refining area. The lead and silver mines in the basin
have operated for over 30 years and have been a major source of pol-
lution for the downstream portions of the river basin. Since 1968, this
pollution has been somewhat curbed by the installation of tailings ponds
at all active mining operations. Domestic sewage, discharged to the
river without treatment, creates a serious health problem. Considerable
improvement of the water quality of the South Fork and consequently of
the whole area is still needed. The ultimate impact on the ecological
system due to further reduction of metals cannot be precisely determined.
Among other effects, algae populations suppressed by the toxic metals
may increase substantially.
A number of municipal waste treatment facilities in and around Spokane
are located adjacent to and discharge into the Spokane River.
In addition to the municipal wastes, there are a number of industries
which deposit wastes in the river. Although there is not presently a
serious problem in the immediate Spokane region, the water, which is
already substandard coming from Idaho, is further polluted while passing
through the region.
This study has been undertaken to prepare models of the water quality
in the Spokane River Basin for use in planning the abatement of water
pollution in the study area. This report, dealing specifically with data,
has been prepared to document the large volume of information presently
available on the Spokane River Basin and to describe the means employed
in selecting those data to be used for model verification. The resulting
data inventory indicates that important information, particularly effluent
and physical data, is lacking in some regions. This shortcoming is ex-
pected to impair the reliability and accuracy of the models ultimately
developed.
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SECTION II
SPOKANE RIVER NETWORK
A map of the Spokane River Basin (Figure 1) shows the location of the
study region. A very simple schematic layout of the Spokane River
System has been prepared (Figure 2) in order to facilitate easy recog-
nition of the system's principal features. The system contains three
major lakes, namely Coeur d'Alene Lake, Long Lake, and the Spokane arm
of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake. The river system has been divided
into five regions designated as follows:
Region Name
1 St. Joe-St. Maries Rivers
2 Coeur d'Alene and South Fork Coeur
d'Alene Rivers
3 Spokane River between Long Lake and
Coeur d'Alene Lake, including Hangman
Creek
4 Little Spokane River
5 Spokane River between Roosevelt Lake
and Long Lake.
The schematic layouts for each region are shown in Figures 3 through 8.
In addition, networks have been prepared which show the channels as
modeled by SWMM (Figures 9 through 14). The channels (reaches) shown
on the network diagrams are as defined for the Receiving Water Module
of the Storm Water Management Program. DOSAG will model the regions
using similar reaches with additional point sources. These reaches
have zero length and are added wherever tributary inflow conditions,
either quantity and/or quality, are known. In some cases where inflows
are close together, a point reach includes more than one tributary or
outfall. In general, a new reach occurs when there is a change in the
physical characteristics of the river or where there is an important
water quality or quantity gauge.
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VASHINGTON IDAHO
PEND OREILLE'L. r~\
X
*Y«.. UPSTREAM LIMIT OF
•^ { '^'SPOKANE RIVER BASIN -
FIGURE 1. SPOKANE RIVER BASIN (PORTIONS TO BE MODELED IN BOLD)
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Legend
River Hllt«8«
0 10 20
in 111 i I
River region designations are approximate.
For exact representation, eee Figures 3 thru 8.
FIGURE 2. LAYOUT OF SPOKANE RIVER SYSTEM
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r>
s
7.4 151024
•4 9.0 Hells Gulch
i < 10.0 SJ-5
Cherry Cr. 11. 9»-
St. Maries R.
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15.0 SJ-7
15.4 151014
15.7 (Junction) St. Maries Outfall
N> O
b b
S G
H* O
Legend
O Eydrologlc Data
• Water Quality Data
<§) Hydrologlc and Water Quality Data
H Keteorologic Data
£3 Waste Sources
4J Stream Tributaries
/~~\ Dams
roundwacer Flow
Bond Creek 30.9^
SJ-11 33.5
/—
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SJ-1
24.5 Kochat Cr.
31.1 SJ-10
433.8 Falls Creek
—N
•437.7 Trout Creek
(4145
O 42.9 (151013
43.0 100402
Scale
10
Miles
20
FIGURE 3. METEOROLOGIC, QUALITY AND QUANTITY DATA POINTS
RIVER REGION 1 - ST. JOE-- ST. MARIES
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4120 190. 3 i
'
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lent Cr. 180.8*
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I
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Xlllerncy Lake Outlet 146.6*
*
Svan Lake Outlet 140.2*
i
Blue Lake Outlet 137.1*
Thompson Lake Outlet 135.3*
r
4199.6
•4198.0
-194.0
4193.1
4190.5
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183.4
4182.9
4181.2
177.5
4 176.5
« 176.1
4 175.0
169.6
-•168.7
X168.0
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1 164.2
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4 159.5
158.1
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154.1
149.6
147.8
145.5
4 143.5
4 139.4
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Loet Cr.
149-30
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Beaver Cr.
Cedar Cr.
149-31
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Coal Cr.
.
149-33 «
Smith Cr. §
Fall Cr. £
Thomas Cr. u
'
Mver Region 2A -
/»ee Figure 5
Coeur d'Alene R.
WQS06
French Gulch'
4135
149-8
Latour Cr.
149-7
149-6
149-5
•
149-4
149-3
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n t
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149-1 ^
1— v»».
-------
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Wlo Creek 7.8 H
• -I.1 CKI1
9.0 149-16
1«»-17 ».5 * SCALE
9.9 149-18
A 10.7 149-19 l.illll—| | I I
o if
' 11.* 133104
12.0 149-20
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153103 I,
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153102 t"-f-Sf13-l\aIffTot Culch
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14V11 1».T
l*ke Creek 17.1—""" \l'.l >
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FUcer Creek 18.
20
-14.1 149-21
-* 18.65 Nine Mile Cre.k
18-8 Wallace Kunlclpal Waata
133097 19.3
,21.6
l«»-26 21.9
149-JS 23.4 ,
*149-29 23.8
133096 24.3
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153093 26.0
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\ \1.9 Star
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^1.6 Star Mineral Benefication Plant
>27.4
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24.6 Slaughterhouse Creek
25.2 Lucky Friday Tail Pond
25.5 Mullen Outfall; Lucky Friday Plant
(Cold Hunter's Culch
(Lucky Friday Mine
•4 30.1 Deadman Culch
Letend
O Bydrolo(lc Data
• Water Qutlity Dat«
© Gydrologlc and Water Quality Data
Q feteorologlc Data
Q Vaat« Sourcaa
^ Screen Ttlbutarlaa
/ \ Pa.a
Crpundwater Flov
FIGURE 5. METEOROLOGIC, QUALITY AND QUANTITY
REGION 2A - S.F. COEUR D'ALENE RIVER
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| f
5 £.
I I!
S S.«
"5
9
Long )!// //////£/.
'J 1 ' >' .'
Late ||» ///////////,
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Spangle Cr. 19.2 >•
'JM-LlA/LtJlJif,i
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(Wavcrly)
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SCALE
i j t ij i t i t i i
10
mice
FIGURE 6. METEOROLOGICAL, QUALITY AND QUANTITY DATA POINTS
RIVER REGION 3 - SPOKANE RIVER FROM LONG LAKE TO
COEUR D'ALENE LAKE
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i
Otter Cr. 33.!
West Branch Little Spokane 32.S
Bear Cr. 27.8W
Deer Cr. 23,
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37.6 4270
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) 23.1 4295
I 21.3 Dragoon Cr.
^21.2 4301.5
) 14.2 4303
13.5 WPC-7
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0 2.5 Whitworth College Outfall
0.6 4320
0.1
-------
e
S
O
cd
o
E
o
CJ
co
T
o
CO
co
-a-
n
p.
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Miles
Legend
O Hydrologie Data
O Water Quality Data
® Hyiirologlc and Water Quality D»ta
B Meceorologlc Data
Q Waste Sources
^ Stream Tributaries.
/~~\ DUES
Croundvater Flow
FIGURE 8. METEOROLOGIC, QUALITY AND QUANTITY DATA POINTS
REGION 5 - SPOKANE RIVER FROM ROOSEVELT L. TO LONG L.
-------
t-T-0
Legend
Hydrologic Data
Water Quality Data
Hydrologic and Water Quality Data
Meteorologic Data
Waste Sources
Stream Tributaries
Dams
////// Groundwater Flow
~~T
5 Modeling Reach Numbers
l-i-^-i.-r.
Scale
lii 1111 11 i i l
20
33.5
10
Miles
FIGURE 9. MODELING REACHES
RIVER REGION 1 -
ST. JOE - ST. MARIES
12
-------
*•
1
»
U8. 9*
t>
112. t *
t
'
•4162. 9
" 17
.... 1__
18 K
< — 4^ 176.5 |.
•4 175.0 1 |
Lf
20
169.6 > 169.3
>< 21
River Region 2a -
/see Fig. 11
/
/ S.F. Coeur d'Alcne R.
200.0
•4193.1
<190.5
T
14
Ib
16
167.8
Bydrologic Data
Water Quality Data
Eydrologic and Water Quality Dat-a
Katcorologlc Data
Waste Sources
Stream Tributaries
Dans
Ground«ater rlov
Modeling Reach Numbers
Scale
10
Miles
20
FIGURE 10. MODELING REACHES, RIVER REGION 2 -
COEUR D'ALENE & S.F. COEUR D'ALENE R.
13
-------
5 o.o
2.3
12
11
•5.1
7.8
10
5 5
6.8
5
I
-8.9
11.4 1 11.2
7
•
:
"\
iy « 1 (
Legend
O Hydrologic Data
© Water Quality Data
f§) Uydrologic and Water Quality Data
[3 Keteorologic Data
Q Waste Sources
-------
— »- —I u> I «n . j. <•> ] CJ ' -1
^
13
7.0-
12
I
13.0
~T
11
23.0 •
10
31.0-
1A.5
20.2
Legend
O Hydrologlc Data
O Water Quality Data
© Hydrologlc and Water Quality Data
[3 Keteorologic Data
£3 Waste Sources
-------
37.6
34.6
31.0
26.0
tf
Legend
O Hydrologic Data
O Water Quality Data
© Eydrologlc and Water Quality Data
|3 Heteorologic Data
.f~l WaEte Sources
<^ Stream Tributaries
Dams"
Crour.dvater Flov
S Modeling Reach Nurabers
Scale
L_
o.
2
Miles
*21.3
13.5
^10.8
s,
'7.9
X
V
3.9
FIGURE 13. MODELING REACHES, REGION 4,
LITTLE SPOKANE RIVER
16
-------
CO
V_
Legend
O Hydrologic Data
O Water Quality Data
(g) llydrologic and Water Quality Data
[^ Metcorologic Data
Q Waste Sources
<1 Stream Tributaries
Dams
////// Croundw.iter Flow
~T
5 Modeling Reach Nuabers
Scale
Miles
FIGURE 14. MODELING REACHES, RIVER REGION 5 -
ROOSEVELT LAKE TO LONG LAKE
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SECTION III
DATA REQUIREMENTS AND ACQUISITION
DATA NEEDS
The data needs for this project were determined by review of the input
requirements for the DOSAG, DKM, and SWMM models. Four general types
of information were needed including physical data, meteorological data,
water quantity data and water quality data. Data for DOSAG and SWMM
were needed for all river reaches. Data for the DEM were needed for
Coeur d'Alene Lake, Long Lake and the Spokane arm of Roosevelt Lake.
The data requirements are listed below and are summarized by model in
Table 1. BOD has been used in Table 1 in place of carbonaceous or
nitrogeneous BOD since this was the only quantity available in the data
received.
DOSAG
1. Physical locations of inflow and outflow points, and non-point
sources.
2. Mean channel depths, areas, slopes, roughnesses.
3. Mean solar radiation.
4. Streamflow rates and correlations with depth and velocity;
stage/discharge relations.
5. Withdrawal rates and return flows (industrial, municipal,
agricultural, groundwater).
6. Pollution concentrations throughout the rivers.
7. Pollution loading rates in all inflows.
8. Water temperatures throughout the rivers and extinction
depths.
9. Coefficients and parameters for pollution constituent
processes.
19
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TABLE 1. DATA SUMMARY
DATA "P": partial; "-": not applicable
NEEDS DATA AVAILABLE DATA DEFICIENT
PHYSICAL
1. Locations: River mileages to dams,
tributaries, outfalls, other inflows,
diversions; general areas of non-point
waste sources and groundwater accre-
tions.
2. Reservoirs: sounding maps, cross-
sections for lakebed topographies;
volume and surface area vs. elevation
relations; full pool and dam intake
elevations; spillway crest elevations,
lengths, positions, types; reservoir
*- • v
3. Channels (by reach): average depths,
areas, mean slopes, average Manning's
roughness coefficients.
METEOROLOGICAL
A. Solar radiation; cloud cover.
6. Wind speeds and directions.
7. Evaporation rates, coefficients.
WATER QUANTITY
8. Streamflows: inflow and outflow rates;
stage/discharge relations at gaging
stations; discharge correlations with
depth and mean velocity.
9. Withdrawals: rates and locations for
irrigation, water supply, industry.
en
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