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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS CRITERIA DIGEST
A COMPILATION OF FEDERAL/STATE CRITERIA ON
-TEMPERATURE-
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
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INTRODUCTION
This digest was compiled in order to provide general information to the
public as well as to Federal, State, and local officials. It contains excerpts
from the individual Federal -State water quality standards establishing temperature
criteria for interstate waters. The water quality standards program is directed
by the Environmental Protection Agency an independent regulatory agency which
has responsibility for approving State-adopted standards for interstate waters,
evaluating adherence to the standards, and overseeing enforcement of standatds
compliance.
,
Standards, the first nationwide strategy for water quality management
contain four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wild-
life propagation, industrial, or agricultural) to be made of the interstate water;
criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-
municipal waste treatment improvements, among others) and enforcement plans; and
an antidegradation statement to protect existing high quality waters.
Minimum water quality criteria, or numerical specifications of physical,
chemical, temperature, and biological levels, are stated in the National Technical
Advisory Committee report to the Secretary of the Interior, Water Quality Criteria „
dated April 1, 1968, and published by the Government Printing Office, Washington,
B.C. Unavailability of the NTAC report before June 30, 1967--the date set by the
Water Quality Act of 1965 for formal adoption of State standards --resulted in
significant variations between the state-adopted and the NTAC minimum criteria.
Some standards were adopted and approved before the NTAC report became available.
Also, the Water Quality Criteria report is subject to updating in light of new
scientific and technical information .
Temperature standards are set to control thermal pollution, or the amount
of heated wastes discharged into the water. Thermal pollution creates adverse
conditions for aquatic life; accelerates biological processes in the streams, re-
ducing the dissolved oxygen content of the water; increases the growth of aquatic
plants, contributing to taste and odor problems; or otherwise makes the water less
suitable for fish and wildlife, domestic, industrial and recreational uses.
Water Quality Criteria, used by EPA in evaluating State standards, recommends
a maximum water temperature of 90°F with a maximum permissible rise above the
naturally existing temperatures of 5°F in streams and 3°F in lakes. It recommends
that trout and salmon waters not be warmed in order to protect these resources.
Because of the lesser temperature fluctuations in the marine and estu&sine environ-
ment, the NTAC report recommends that monthly maximum daily temperatures recorded
at any site, before the addition of artificial heat, not be raised by more than
4°F from September through May and by more than 1.5°F from June through August.
Since water quality standards experience revisions and upgrading from time
to time, following procedures set forth in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
individual entries in this digest may be superseded. As these revisions are
accomplished, this digest will be updated and reissued. Because this publication
is not intended for use other than as a general information resource, for the latest
information, and for special purposes and applications, refer to the existing approved
water quality standards which can be obtained from the State water pollution control
agencies or EPA Washington, B.C. or regional offices.
Individual State-adopted criteria follow.
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KEY:
Alabama:
Alaska:
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS SUMMARY
TEMPERATURE CRITERIA
Max.
Min.
PWS
Rec.
Agric.
Ind.
Nav.
Shell.
*
RM
Maximum
Minimum
Public Water Supply
Recreation
Fish and Wildlife propagation
Agricultural water supply
Industrial (also may include power
and cooling) water supply
Navigation
Shellfishing
Not approved.
River Mile
PWS - With respect to cooling water discharges
only, the ambient temperature of receiving waters
shall not be increased more than 10°F. by the
discharge of such cooling waters, after reasonable
mixing; nor shall the discharge of such cooling
waters, after reasonable mixing, cause the tempera-
ture of the receiving waters to exceed 93°F.
Rec. - Same as PWS.
Agri § Ind. - Same as PWS.
Shell. - Same as PWS*
FPL - Same as PWS*
PWS - Below 60°F.; waste flows above 60°F. adjusted
to ambient receiving water temperature.
Rec. - Numerical value not applicable.
F§WL - May not exceed temperature of natural
conditions by more than 51 for salt water or 10%
for fresh water. No change permitted for tempera-
tures over 60°F. Maximum rate of change - 0.5°F./hr.
Shell. - Less than 68°F.
Stock and Irrigation - Between 60°F. and 70°F. for
optimum growth to prevent physiological shock to
plants.
Ind. - Less than 70°F.
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Arizona:
93°F. max; not more than 5°F. change.
Arkansas:
California:
Cold water fish. - November-March-55°F. max.) not nore
ADril-Oct.--70°F. max. ) than 2°F.
change.
20 C. - max. in trout streams.
30°C. - max. in smallmouth bass streams.
35°C. - max. in other streams.
The standards establish a complex set of thermal
requirements.For many categories of receiving waters,
requirements differ between "thermal waste"
(herein "TW," defined as water used for transporting
waste heat) and "elevated temperature waste"
(herein "ETW;" defined as any discharge, including
thermal waste but excluding irrigation return
water, which exceeds the natural temperature of
the receiving water.
1. Cold interstate waters. ETW's are prohibited.
2. Warm interstate waters.
A. TW's with temperature greater than 5°F. above
receiving water temperature are prohibited.
B. ETW's shall not raise receiving water
temperature by more than 5°
C. Colorado River. Maximum rise 5°F. in river,
3"F.in Lake Havasu. Maximum temperatures:
3.
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
60°
65
70
75
82
86
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
90°
90
90
82
72
65
D. Lost River. Maximum rise 2° up to 62°
maximum temperature.
Coastal waters.
A. Existing discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with limitations
necessary to protect beneficial uses.
B. New discharges.
(1) ETW's must be to open ocean away from
the shoreline,dispersion through the
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vertical water column.
(2) ETW's away from areas of special
biological significance.
(3) TW's must have a maximum temperature
not exceeding water temperature by
more than 20°.
(4) ETW's must not increase water temperature
more than 4° at (a) shoreline, (b)
surface of ocean substrate or (c) ocean
surface beyond 1000 feet from the dis-
charge system. Surface limits must be
maintained at least 50% of the tidal
cycle. Alternate objectives may be
specified if they assure full protection
of the aquatic environment. (May be
specified only with State Board and EPA
concurrence.)
(5) Additional limitations may be imposed
when necessary to protect the aquatic
environment.
4. Enclosed bays.
A. Existing discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with limitations
necessary to protect beneficial uses.
B. New discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with limitations
necessary to protect beneficial uses.
Maximum discharge temperature must not
exceed receiving water temperature by
more than 20°.
(2) TW's with temperature greater than 4°
above receiving water temperature are
prohibited.
5. Estuaries.
A. Existing discharges.
(1) ETW's [a.] Temperature shall not exceed
receiving water temperature by more than
20°. [b.] Must not, individually or combinedj
create zone (receiving water temperatures
more than 1° above natural) which exceeds
251 of cross-sectional area of main channel;
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tc.l No discharge shall cause a surface
water temperature rise greater than 4°F
above the natural temperature of the
receiving waters at any time or place.
Id.] Additional limits necessary
to protect beneficial uses.
(2) TW's must comply with 5A(1) and their
maximum temperature must not exceed 86°.
B. New discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with 5A(1).
(2) TW's with temperature greater than 4°
above receiving water temperature are
prohibited.
(3) Additional limits necessary to protect
beneficial uses.
General Provisions. Standards also contain general
provisions which include the following:
1. Authorization for additional individual
limitations to confine heat dispersion to
a 1 1/2° isotherm in a minimal, defined
area;
2. Prohibition of cumulative heat effects in
excess of the standards;
3. A requirement that the State Board designate
biologically significant areas for special
protection.
4. Authorization to make exceptions if:
A. The heat discharge will be beneficial;
B. Intermittent heat is the least harmful
method to control fouling organisms in
intake and discharge structures;
C. Compliance would cause a greater en-
vironmental impact than modification of
the standards, or
D. Compliance by existing discharges would
not be commensurate with the benefit
to the aquatic environment.
NOTE: Exceptions will be made only with
EPA concurrence.
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Colorado:
Connecticut:
Delaware:
Class BI (cold water fish) - 70°F. max. No
controllable temperature change will be per-
mitted which will interfere with the spawning
and other aspects of fish life. Abrupt changes
in temperature must be avoided and the normal
pattern of diurnal and seasonal fluctuations
must be preserved. The maximum allowable rise
in temperature resulting from waste discharges
in streams and the epilimnion of lakes shall be
2°F. No warming discharge permitted in the
hypolimnion of lakes.
Class BZ (warm water fish) - 90°F. max. No
controllable temperature change will be per-
mitted which will interfere with spawning and
other aspects of fish life. Abrupt changes in
temperature must be avoided and the normal
pattern of diurnal and seasonal fluctuations must
be preserved. The maximum allowable temperature
increase due to waste discharge in streams will
be 5°F., and the maximum increase allowable from
waste discharges to the epilimnion of lakes is
3°F. No warming discharges to the hypolimnion
of lakes.
Class BI and B2 - In temperature measurement,
allowance shall be made for a mixing zone. Pro-
visions shall be made for adequate mixing and no ther-
mal barrier to migration and free movement of aquatic
biota shall be permitted in any waters of the state.
Class C - (Industrial) - The temperature shall not
exceed 93°F.
Class D - (irrigation) - No temperature criteria
assigned.
Class A (PWS) - No increase other than natural origin.
Class B (Rec.)
Class C (F$WL)
Class D (Nav. § Ind.)
Class SA (Shell.)
Class SB (Restricted Shell.,)) exceed 4°F. over natural
Class SC (Shell, Habitat) ) with a max. of 85°F.
Class SD (Nav.) )
) No increase to exceed
) recommended limits on
) most sensitive water
) use, and in no case to
Criteria are assigned by basin and are as follows:
5° rise - Red Clay Creek, White Clay Creek, Christina
River, Choptank River, Buntings Branch Creek,
Assawoman Bay.
5° rise, 85° maximum - Braridywine River, Chesapeake and
Delaware Canal, Nanticoke River, Delaware River and
Delaware Bay.
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District of
Columbia:
Florida:
Georgia:
Guam:
Hawaii:
Idaho:
Illinois:
5° rise, 87° maximum - Rehoboth Bay, Indian River
and Bay.
5° rise, 75° maximum - Atlantic Ocean.
Not to exceed 90°F., 5°F. change limit; no sudden
or localized temperature changes which may ad-
versely affect aquatic life.
All waters - temperature shall not be increased
so as to cause any damage or harm to the aquatic
life or vegetation of the receiving waters or
interfere with any beneficial use assigned to such
waters.
(EPA has requested changes in criteria")
PWS ) Not to exceed 93.2°F. at any time and not
Rec. ) to be increased more than 10°F. above in-
F§WL ) take temperature. In streams designated by
Shell.) the State Fish and Game as trout waters,
there shall be no elevation or depression
of natural stream temperature.
(NOTE: Administrator has requested changes in criteria.)
Ind.-Not to exceed 93.2°F. at any time and not to
be increased more than 10°F. above intake temperature.
PWS - 85°F. max.
change limit.
Rec. - 85°F.
5°F. change limit, 1.5°F. hourly
F§WL - 1.5°F. change limit from natural conditions.
Classes AA, A, B (all uses of coastal and tidal
waters) - Temperature of receiving waters shall not
change more than 1.5°F. from natural conditions.
No measurable temperature increase when stream
temperature is 68°F. or above, or more than 2°F.
increase when river temperature is 66°F. or less
(Except 70°F. and 68°F., respectively, for Snake
River - River Mile 407 to 247.)
Geneeal Standards.
Temperature.
(1) There shall be no abnormal temperature
changes that may adversely affect aquatic life
unless caused by natural conditions.
(2) The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition
of heat due to other than natural causes shall
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be maintained.
(3) The maximum temperature rise above natural
temperatures shall not exceed 5* F.
(4) In addition, the water temperature at
representative locations in the main river shall
not exceed the maximum limits in the following
table during more than one percent of the hours
in the 12-minth period ending with any month.
More-over, at no time shall the water temperature
at such locations exceed the maximum limits in
the following table by more than 3° F.
JAN. FED. MAR. APR. MAY JUN . JLIL. AUG. SEPT. OCT . NOV. DEC.
Mississippi
River (Wise.
Border to 45
Iowa Border)
45
57° 68° 78° 85° 86° 86° 85
75° 65° 52
Mississippi
River (Iowa
Border to 45'
Alton Lock
and Dam) (°F)
Mississippi
River (So.
of Alton 50'
Lock & Dam)
45
57° 68° 78° 86° 88° 88° 86°
50° 60° 70° 80° 87° 89° 89° 87
75° 65° 52'
78° 70° 57
Ohio River 50° 50° 60° 70° 80° 87° 89° 89° 87° 78° 70° 57
Wabash River
& Its inter- 50°
state Tribu-
taries (°F)
50° 60 70° 80° 90° 90° 90° 90° 78° 70° 57
Other Waters 60° 60" 60° 90" 90° 90° 90" 90° 90
90° 90° 60
Main river temperatures are temperature of those
portions of the river essentially similar to arid
following the same thermal regime as the temperatures
of the main flow 6f the river.
(5) The owner or operator of a source of heated
effluent which discharges 0.5 billion British
thermal units per hour or more shall demonstrate
in a hearing before this Board not less than 5
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8
lor more than 6 years after the effective date
of these regulations or, in the case of new sources,
after the commencement of operation, that discharges
from that source have not caused and cannot be
reasonably expected to cause significant ecological
damage to the receiving waters. If such proof is
not made to the satisfaction of the Board appropriate
corrective measures shall be ordered to be taken
within a reasonable time as determined by the Board.
(6) Permits for heated effluent discharges, whether
issued by the Board or the Environmental Protection
Agency, shall be subject to revision in the event
that reasonable future development creates a need for
reallocation of the assimilative capacity of the
receiving stream as defined in the regulation
above.
(7) The owner or operator of a source of heated
effluent shall maintain such records and conduct
such studies of the effluents from such source
and of their effects as may be required by the
Environmental Protection Agency or in any permit
granted under the Environmental Protection Act.
(8) Appropriate corrective measures will be required
if, upon complaint filed in accordance with Board
rules, it is found at any time that any £eated
effluent causes significant ecological damage
to the receiving stream.
Lake Michigan: Temperature
Cl) (A) All sources of heated effluents in existence
as of January 1, 1971 shall meet the
following restrictions outside of a mixing
zone which shall be no greater than a circle
with a radius of 1000 feet or an equal
fixed area of simple form.
(i) There shall be no abnormal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the
addition of heat shall be maintained.
(ii)The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addi-
tion of heat shall be maintained.
(iii)The maximum temperature rise at any time
above natural temperatures shall not
exceed 3°F. In addition, the water
temperature shall not exceed the maximum
limits (°F) indicated in the following
table:
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JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUN. JUT. AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
45 45 45 55 60 70 80 80 80 65 60 50
(B) The owner or operator of a source of
heated effluent which discharges 0.5
billion British Thermal Units per hour
(BTU/HR.) or more shall demonstrate in a
hearing before this Board not less than
5 nor more than six years after the adoption
of this regulation, that discharges from
that source have not caused and cannot
be reasonably expected in future to cause
significant ecological damage to the Lake.
If such proof is not made to the satisfaction
of the Board, backfitting of alternative
cooling devices shall be accomplished
within a reasonable time as determined by the
Board.
(C) The owner or operator of a source of heated
effluent shall maintain such records and conduct
such studies of the effluents from such source
and of their effects as may be required by the
Environmental Protection Agency or in any
permit granted under the Environmental
Protection Act.
(D) Backfitting of alternative cooling facilities
will be required if, upon complaint filed in
accordance with Board rules, it is found at
any time that any heated effluent causes s
significant ecological damage to the Lake.
(2) Any effluent source under construction as of
January 1, 1971, but not in operation, shall meet
all the requirements of Section 1 of this regulation
and in addition shall meet the following
restrictions.
(A) Neither the bottom, the shore, the hypolimnion,
nor the thermocline shall be affected by any
heated effluent.
(B) No heated effluent shall affect spawning grounds
or fish migration routes.
(C) Discharge structures shall be so designed as to
maximize short-term mixing and thus to reduce the
area significantly raised in temperature.
(D) No discharge shall exceed ambient temperatures
by more than 20°F.
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10
(E) Heated effluents from more than one source
shall not interact.
(F) All reasonable steps fchall be taken to reduce
the number of organisms dr^wn into or against
the intakes.
(G) Cleaning of condensers shall be accomplished
by mechanical devices. If chemicals must be
used to supplement mechanical devices, the
concentration at the point of discharge shall
not exceed the 96-hour Tim for fresh water
organisms.
(3) (A) No source of heated effluent which was not in
operation or under construction as of Jan>"-
uary 1, 1971 shall discharge more than a daily
average of 0.1 billion BTU/Hr.
(B) Sources of heated effluents which discharge
less than a daily average of 0.1 billion
BTU/Hr. not in operation or under constructionj
as of Janaary 1, 1971 shall meet all requires
ments of sections 1 and 2 of this regulation.
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Indiana:
11
Industrial classification - Temperature shall not
exceed 95°F. at any time.
Aquatic Life
1. Warm water species.
no
a. There shall be/abnormal temperature changes
that affect aquatic life unless caused by
natural conditions.
b. The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition
of heat due to other than natural causes shall
be maintained.
C. The maximum temperature rise at any time or
place above natural temperature shall not
exceed 5°F. In addition, the water temperature
shall not exceed the maximum limits indicated
in the following table:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ohio River
Main Stem
50
50
60
70
80
87
89
89
87
78
70
57
St. Joseph River
Tributary to
Lake Michigan
50
50
55
65
75
85
85
85
85
70
60
50
Other Indiana
Streams
50
50
60
70
80
90
90
90
90
78
70
57
2. Cold Water Species
a. In trout and salmon streams where natural
reproduction is to be protected, no heat
shall be added.
Iowa:
b. In put-and-take streams, temperature shall
not exceed 65°F. or a 5°F. rise above
natural, whichever is less.
Warm water fish - 90° maximum; 5° increase in streams
and 3° increase in lakes.
Cold water fish - 68° maximum, 2°/hour maximum rate
of change; 5° maximum rise.
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12
Kansas:
Kentucky:
Louisiana:
Maine:
Maximum temperature 90°F.
Allowable rise for streams and rivers is 5°F.
Allowable rise for the epilimnion of lakes and
reservoirs is 3°F. Temperature measurement is
at the outfall and with the maximum temperature
allowed at the outfall reflecting a reasonable
mixing zone in the receiving waters so that the
5°F. or 3°F. rise specified is not violated in
the contiguous receiving waters. Any barrier to
migration and the free movement of the aquatic biota
is prohibited.
89°F. maximum. No abnormal temperature changes
that may affect aquatic life unless caused by
natural conditions. Normal daily and seasonal
fluctuations. Temperature rise not to exceed
5°F. in streams or 3°F. in epilimnion of public
water impoundments if stratification exists. Also,
streams must not exceed:
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
50
50
60
70
80
87
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
89
89
87
78
70
57
Put-and-take trout streams - no artificial tempera-
ture increase.
Not to be raised more than 3°C. above normal ambient
water temperature, nor to exceed a max. of 36°C.
A few rivers - 2°C. rise, 35°C. max.
Freshwater (rivers, streams, and lakes) - 84°F.
max. for warm water fish and 68°F. max. for trout
and salmon waters. Rise of 5°F. from heated effluent
of artificial origin allowed to rivers and streams,
and a 3°F. rise due to heated effluent for the
epilimnion of lakes.
Narrative Statement: No heated effluent allowed
to be discharged in the vicinity of, or so as to
affect, waters designated as fish spawning beds by
the State.
Tidal Waters: No discharge of heated effluent that
will raise the monthly mean of the maximum daily
temperature outside mixing zones of more than 4°F.
or, where the necessity therefor in any specific
location is shown to exist, more than 1.5 F. during
the months of July, August, and September.
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13
Maryland:
Massachusetts:
Michigan:
Minnesota:
Mississippi:
Nontidal Waters: Trout waters - not to exceed
729F. at any time. All other waters - not to
exceed 93°F., elevation of temperature not to
exceed 20°F. or 10°F. depending whether the
natural water temperature is below or above 50°F.,
respectively,with a maximum of 60°F. and 93°F.,
respectively.
Tidal Waters: 90°F. max.; same temperature change
limit as above with absolute max. temperature of
60°F. and 90°F.
For all waters not classified for F§WL, no adverse
temperature change and max. of 100°F.
Class A (excellent) - no increase other than natural
origin.
Class B (Rec. F5WL)
Class C (F$WL) -
No increase except where
temperature will, not exceed
the recommended limit on the
most sensitive receiving water
use and in no case exceed 83°F.
in warm water fish, and 68°F. in
cold water fish, or in any case
raise the normal temperature
more than 4°F.
Class D (Ind.) - no increase to exceed limits on most
sensitive use and in no case exceed 90°F.
All coastal and marine waters - no increase to exceed
limits on most sensitive water use.
PWS - 10°F. allowable rise above natural temperatures.
Ind. - Same as PWS.
Rec. - 90°F. max.
F6iWL - Cold water fish - 70°F. max., 10°F. change
limit*
Nav. - Same as PWS.
F§WL § Rec. - 2A - no material increase
2B - 86°F. max.
2C - 90°F. max.
Ind. - 3A - 75°F. max.
3B - 86°F. max.
3C - 90°F. max.
Shall not be increased more than 10°F. above the
natural prevailing background temperatures, not to
exceed a max. of 93°F. after reasonable mixing.
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14
Missouri:
Montana:
Nebraska:
Nevada:
(Temperature change not approved for F$WL)
Effluent shall not elevate or depress the average
cross-sectional temperature of the stream more
than 5°F. The stream temperature shall not exceed
90°F. due to effluents (for most streams--some to
93°F.).
Trout waters - Effluents shall not elevate or depress
the average cross-sectional temperature of the
stream more than 2°F.
Lakes and reservoirs - no temperature increase due
to toy discharge which may be a source of heat.
PWS - no allowable change to naturally occurring
water temperature.
Salmonid fish - increases - 32°F. to 67°F. - 2°F. max.;
(Classes Dl and D2) - above 67°F. - 0.5°F. max.
decreases - over 55°F. - 2°F.
max./hr ; 55°F. to 32°F. - 2°F.
max., provided that water tempera-
ture must be below 40°F. in the
winter season and above 44°F. in the
summer season.
Non-salmonid fish -
(Class D3) - increase - 32°F. to 85°F. - 4°F. max.;
85°F. - 0.5 °F. max.
decreases - same as Salmonid fish.
Ind. - no allowable temperature change in sufficient
quantities to adversely affect the use indicated.
PWS - 5?F. change limit, May-Oct.; 10°F. change limit,
Nov.-April; limit of 2°F./hr.
Rec. - same as PWS.
Trout Streams - 65°F. max., 5°F. change limit.
Warm water streams - 90°F. max. change limits same
as PWS.
Missouri River (Gavins Point Dam to Sioux City, lowa)-
85°F. max.; 4°F. change limit.
Max. summer values - 30°C. to 20°C. (varies with
stream). Max. winter values - 14°C.
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15
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
Temperature criteria applicable to New Hampshire
waters are those set forth in Section 3, page 28
through 110, of the National Technical Advisory
Committee Report "Water Quality Criteria," and in
the official standards of the New England Inter-
state Water Pollution Control Commission.
FW-1. Preserve natural conditions.
FW-2. (PWS) - Trout production - No change except
1° rise where treated effluents are discharged.
Trout maintenance streams - 68°F. maximum, 2° rise.
Trout maintenance lakes - No change unless shown
beneficial.
Non-trout - 86°F. maximum. (82°F. max. in yellow
perch areas.) Max. change 5° in streams, 3° in lakes.
FW-3. (F$WL, rec.) Same as FW-2.
TW-1. (Tidal: PWS, shellfish, rec.) Trout maintenance
streams - Same as FW-2.
Non-trout waters - 85°F. max. (82° max. in yellow
perch areas); max. rise (measured against monthly
mean of daily max. temp.) 4° Sept-May, 1.5° June-Aug.
TW-2. (Secondary rec., fish maintenance.) - 85°F.
max.; max.rise same as TW-1.
TW-3. (Nav.,fish survival § passage) - Same as TW-2.
CW-1. (Ocean near shore: primary rec., F£jWL) - No
direct heat additions. 80 max. as a result of
additions elsewhere. Max. rise same as TW-1.
CW-2. (Ocean beyond CW-1) - 80° max.; max. rise same
aTTW-1.
Warm water fish. - 93°F. max., 5°F. change limit.
Cold water fish. - 70°F. max., 2°F. change limit.
Allowable rise of 9°F. for the lower reach of the
Pecos River.
New York
Trout waters - No thermal discharge which will cause
adverse effects on trout.
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16
New York:
North Carolina:
North Dakota:
Ohio:
Oklahoma:
Non-trout waters - 90°F. max., within mixing
zone; 86°F. max., and 5°F. change limit outside
mixing zone, plus a 2°F. max. change limit/hr.,
and/or 9°F. max. change limit for a 24 hr. period.
(fresh waters).
86°F. max. and 5°F. change limit outside mixing
zone, plus a 1°F. max. change limit/hr. and/or
7°F. max. change limit for a 24 hr. period (tidal
waters).
Class A-II
Class B
Class C
Class D
(PWS) 5° change limit, maximum of 84°F.
for the mountains and upper piedmont,
maximum of 90°F. for lower pied-
mont and coastal plain.
Natural trout waters shall not
exceed 68° and shall not be
significantly increased as a result
of the discharge of heated liquids.
Put-and-take trout waters shall not
exceed 70°F. and may be increased 3°.
Not to exceed 5°F. above natural,
maximum of 84° in mountains and
upper piedmont, and maximum of 90°F.
in lower piedmont and coastal plain.
Class SA (Shell.) Allowable rise of 1.5°F. during
June, July and August, 4.0°F.
remaining months.
Not to exceed 90°F. due to the
discharge of heated effluents.
90°F. maximum, allowable rise 5°F. above natural,
all waters except Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers,
85°F. max., 4°F. rise.
Aquatic Life A - not to exceed 93°F., May-Nov.; not
to exceed 73°F., Dec-April*
Aquatic Life B - not to exceed 95°F.
Ind. - not to exceed 95°F.
5°F. change limit, provided the max. man-made
temperature does not exceed 70°F. in trout streams,
75°F. in smallmouth bass streams, or 93°F. in warm
water streams.
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Oregon:
Pennsylvania:
Puerto Rico:
Rhode Island
17
General statement that no measurable increase
in temperature allowed when the receiving water
temperature is 64°F. or above, or more than 2°F.
increase when the receiving water temperature is
62°F. or less. The exceptions follow:
Multnomah Channel and main stem Willamette River,
from mouth to Newburg (RM 50): 70°F. and 68°F.,
respectively.
Main stem Willamette River from Newberg to
confluence of Coastal and Middle Forks (R.M. 187):
64°F. and 62°F. respectively.
Main stem Columbia River, main stem Grande Ronde River,
Walla Walla River: 68°F. and 66°F., respectively.
Goose Lake: 70°F. or the daily mean ambient air
temperature, whichever is greater.
Klamath River: 72°F. and 70°F., respectively.
Marine waters: No significant increase above natural
background temperature or water temperatures to be
altered to a degree which creates or can reasonably
be expected to create an adverse effect on fish or
other aquatic life.
Trout waters 58°F. max., 5°F. change limit.
Warm water fish - 5°F. change limit above natural
or 87°F. max., whichever is less; 2°F. change limit
per hour.
Delaware River Estuary - same as warm water fish)
but with 86°F. max.
Mahoning River 93°F. max.; 2°F. change limit per hour.
SA - No change
SB-(Shell.)
SC-(Rec.)
SD-(F£WL)
SE-(Ind.)
) 93°F. max., 4°F. change limit.
)
Class A (Excellent) - no increase from other than
natural origin.
Class B (Rec.) ) 68°F. and 83°F. max. for cold
Class C (F^WL) ) and warm water fish, respectively;
4°F. change limit.
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18
Class D (Nav.
South Carolina:
South Dakota:
Tennessee:
Ind.) - 90°F. max., no increase
to exceed limits on most
sensitive use.
Class SA (Shell.) )
Class SB (Bathing) )
Class SC (Shell, habitat))
Class SD (Nav.) )
No increase over the
recommended limits for
the most sensitive use.
Upper Piedmont waters - 84°F. max., 5°F. rise.
All other fresh waters - 90°F max., 5°F. rise.
Tidal waters - 4° rise during fall, winter and
spring, 1.5°F. rise during summer. All fresh water
lakes limited to same maximum temperatures and.3°F.
rise.
Cold water permanent fish
limit.
Warm water permanent fish
limit.
Warm water semi-permanent
limit.
- 68°F. max., 4°F. change
- 85°F. max., 4°F. change
- 90°F. max., 5°F. change
PWS) The maximum water temperature change shall not
Ind.) exceed 3°C relative to an upstream control point.
Rec.) The temperature of the water shall not exceed
30.5°C and the maximum rate of change shall not
exceed 2°C per hour. The temperature of impound-
ments where stratification occurs will be measured
at a depth of 5 feet or mid-depth whichever is
less, and the temperature in flowing streams shall
be measured at mid-depth.
Fish £ Aquatic Life - Same as above with: The temp.
of recognized front waters shall not exceed 20°C.
There shall be no abnormal temp, changes that may
affect aquatic life unless caused by natural con-
ditions .
Irrigation: The tempi of the water shall not be raised
or lowered to such an extent as to interfere with
its use for irrigation purposes.
Livestock Watering and Wildlife and Nvigation - The
temp, of water shall not be raised or lowened
to such an extent as to interfere with its use for
"livestock watering and wildlife." (Same with
"navigation" substituted.
Texas:
Canadian River Basin - 93°F. max., 5°F. change limit.
Tidal waters - fall, winter, and spring - not to exceed
a 4°F. rise; summer - not to exceed a 1.5°F. rise.
All other waters - 96°F. max., 5°F. change limit (until
adequate stream study is made).
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Utah: Cold water fish - 68°F. max., 2°F. change limit.
Warm water fish - 80°F. max., 4°F. change limit.
Vermont: Class A - (PWS) - No change.
Classes B and C (levels of rec. and F§WL) - temperature
by "water type."
Type I (natural trout) - 1°F. max. rise.
Type II (trout) - 1°F. max. rise.
Type III (warmwater fish):
Max. River Temp. Max. Rise
Above 66°F. 1°
63-66 F. 2°
59-62 F. 3°
55-58 F. 4°
Below 55 F. 5°
Type IV (trout lakes) - 1° max. rise. No with-
drawal from or discharge to hypolimnion except
withdrawals for PWS or water quality enhancement.
Type V (other lakes)
Max. Lake Temp. Max. Rise
Above 60°F. 1°
60-50° 2°
Below 50°F. 3°
Provision for hypolimnion as Type IV.
Virginia: I (Open Ocean): 4.0 rise above natural,Sept-May
1.5 rise above natural, June-Aug.
II (Estuarine): Same as I.
Ill (Free flowing streams, coastal zone): 5° rise
above natural, maximum 90°.
IV (Mountainous zone): 5° rise above natural, 87°
maximum.
V (Put and take trout): No rise; 70° maximum.
VI (Natural trout): No rise; 70° maximum.
b. (Special standard.) Lakes and reservoirs:
epilimnion shall not be raised more than 3°,
based on monthly average of maximum daily
temperature. Unless a special study shows
that discharge of heated effluent into the
hypolimnion (or pumping water from hypolimnion
for discharging to same) will be desirable,
such practice shall not be approved.
C. (Special standard.) Where applicable, maximum
temperature shall be 81°, with 5° rise over
natural limit.
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Virgin Islands
Washington:
20
Class A (preservation of natural phenomena) - no change.
Class B (Rec. § F$WL) - 90°F. max., fall, winter,
spring - 4°F. allowable rise; summer 1.5°F. allowable
rise.
Class AA (extraordinary waters) - No measurable in-
creases in temperature permitted within the waters
designated which result in water temperature exceeding
60°F. (Fresh water) or 55°F. (Marine water) nor
shall the cumulative total of all such increases arising
from nonnatural causes be permitted in excess of t=75/
(T-22) (Fresh water) or t=24/(T-39) (Marine water);
for purposes hereof "t" represents the permissible in-
crease and "T" represents the resulting water
temperature.
Class A (excellent waters) - 65°F. and 61°F. max.
for fresh and marine waters, respectively. t=90/
(T-19) and t=40/(T-35) for fresh and marine waters,
respectively.
Class B (good waters) - 70°F. and 66°F. max. for
fresh and marine waters, respectively. t=110/(T-15)
and t=52/(T-32) for fresh and marine waters, respectively.
Class C (fair waters) - 75°F. and 72°F max. for fresh
and marine waters, respectively. t=125/(T-12) and
t=64/(T-29) for fresh and marine waters, respectively.
NOTE< This formula works as follows:
If contemplating a 2° temperature increase above
natural ambient stream temperature,
I. Divide 75 by the natural ambient temperature,
plus 2°, minus 22°.
II. If the answer is 2° or more, the increase is
permitted.
III.If the answer is less than 2°, the increase
is prohibited.
EXAMPLE:
A. Is a 4° rise permissible in 40° water?
t = 75 = 75 = 3.41
(WT)-22 ~2T~
3.41 is less than 4° therefore 4° is not
permitted.
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21
Wisconsin
West Virginia
F§WL - in waters where this is of primary
importance-84°F. max., 5°F. change limit, 2°F.
change limit per hour. Where fishing is an
additional use - 89°F. max., 5°F. change limit.
In addition, authorization is required for
proposed installations where thermal discharges
may increase natural temperature by 3°F.
Trout streams - no temperature change that will
adversely affect trout.
Temperature criteria are established for each
major river basin, as follows:
(1) 87° max. May-Nov.; 73° max., Dec-Apr., 5°
max. rise: Potomac River and branches,
Kanawha (zone 1), Big Sandy River, Tug
Fork, Ohio River (future), Ohio River
tributaries, Monogahela River, West Fork
River, Tygart Valley River, Cheat River,
Youghiogheny River.
(2)
(5)
Oct-Apr
Sept § May
transition
period
June-Aug
81° max. May-Nov.; 73° max. Dec-Apr., 5°
max. rise: Bluestone River, East River,
New River, Bluestone Reservoir, Gauley
River.
(3) 93° max., 10° rise - Kanawha River (zone 2),
Ohio.
(4) 93° max., May-Nov., 73° max., Dec-Apr.,
Ohio River (present).
Trout streams. Trout streams, headwaters of
streams, trout lakes and reservoirs and the
hypolimnion of lakes and reservoirs should
not be warmed. No heated effluents should
be discharged in the vicinity of spawning
areas. Heat should not be added which will
raise water temperature more than 5°F. (monthly
low flow) nor raise the epilimnion of lakes
more than 3°F. Normal daily and seasonal
fluctuations. Maxijnum temperatures:
Daily Mean °F.
50
58
66
Hourly Max. °F.
55
62
70
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22
Present uses and criteria are those that now
exist or will exist for a maximum of 5 years.
Future uses and criteria are those which will
exist after abatement is effected.
Wyoming For streams where natural temperatures do not
exceed 70°F, wastes of other than natural origin
shall not be discharged in amounts which will
result in an increase of more than 2°F over
existing temperatures.
For streams where natural temperatures exceed
70°F, wastes of other than natural origin shall
not be discharged in amounts which will result
in an increase of more than 4°F over existing
temperatures.
Maximum allowable temperatures will be established
for individual streams as data becomes available.
As an interim policy, the maximum allowable stream
temperatures will be the maximum daily stream
temperatures plus the allowable rise; provided
that this temperature is not lethal to existing
fish life, which is considered to be 78°F in the
case of cold water fish.
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